From 90dbe25206ac9329ada2ef7477c503dfad2a378f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Gerald Bauer Date: Sun, 13 Jul 2014 12:38:43 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] up africa --- africa/bf-burkina-faso.json | 599 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/bi-burundi.json | 605 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/cd-congo-dr.json | 618 +++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/cf-central-african-republic.json | 590 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/cg-congo.json | 601 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/ci-cote-d-ivoire.json | 626 +++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/cm-cameroon.json | 612 +++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/cv-cape-verde.json | 574 +++++++++++++++++++++ africa/dj-djibouti.json | 588 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/eg-egypt.json | 635 +++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/er-eritrea.json | 585 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/et-ethiopia.json | 622 +++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/ga-gabon.json | 602 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/gh-ghana.json | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/gm-gambia.json | 590 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/gn-guinea.json | 600 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/gq-equatorial-guinea.json | 582 +++++++++++++++++++++ africa/gw-guinea-bissau.json | 576 +++++++++++++++++++++ africa/ke-kenya.json | 629 +++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/km-comoros.json | 562 +++++++++++++++++++++ africa/lr-liberia.json | 615 +++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/ls-lesotho.json | 585 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/ly-libya.json | 605 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/ma-morocco.json | 623 +++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/mg-madagascar.json | 614 +++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/ml-mali.json | 610 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/mr-mauritania.json | 595 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/mu-mauritius.json | 585 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/mw-malawi.json | 599 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/mz-mozambique.json | 608 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/na-namibia.json | 606 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/ne-niger.json | 594 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/ng-nigeria.json | 630 +++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/rw-rwanda.json | 606 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/sc-seychelles.json | 565 +++++++++++++++++++++ africa/sd-sudan.json | 607 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/sl-sierra-leone.json | 604 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/sn-senegal.json | 621 +++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/so-somalia.json | 548 ++++++++++++++++++++ africa/st-st-sao-tome-n-principe.json | 574 +++++++++++++++++++++ africa/sz-swaziland.json | 583 +++++++++++++++++++++ africa/td-chad.json | 605 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/tg-togo.json | 599 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/tn-tunisia.json | 606 ++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/tz-tanzania.json | 639 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/ug-uganda.json | 613 +++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/za-south-africa.json | 632 +++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/zm-zambia.json | 617 +++++++++++++++++++++++ africa/zw-zimbabwe.json | 615 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 49 files changed, 29526 insertions(+) create mode 100644 africa/bf-burkina-faso.json create mode 100644 africa/bi-burundi.json create mode 100644 africa/cd-congo-dr.json create mode 100644 africa/cf-central-african-republic.json create mode 100644 africa/cg-congo.json create mode 100644 africa/ci-cote-d-ivoire.json create mode 100644 africa/cm-cameroon.json create mode 100644 africa/cv-cape-verde.json create mode 100644 africa/dj-djibouti.json create mode 100644 africa/eg-egypt.json create mode 100644 africa/er-eritrea.json create mode 100644 africa/et-ethiopia.json create mode 100644 africa/ga-gabon.json create mode 100644 africa/gh-ghana.json create mode 100644 africa/gm-gambia.json create mode 100644 africa/gn-guinea.json create mode 100644 africa/gq-equatorial-guinea.json create mode 100644 africa/gw-guinea-bissau.json create mode 100644 africa/ke-kenya.json create mode 100644 africa/km-comoros.json create mode 100644 africa/lr-liberia.json create mode 100644 africa/ls-lesotho.json create mode 100644 africa/ly-libya.json create mode 100644 africa/ma-morocco.json create mode 100644 africa/mg-madagascar.json create mode 100644 africa/ml-mali.json create mode 100644 africa/mr-mauritania.json create mode 100644 africa/mu-mauritius.json create mode 100644 africa/mw-malawi.json create mode 100644 africa/mz-mozambique.json create mode 100644 africa/na-namibia.json create mode 100644 africa/ne-niger.json create mode 100644 africa/ng-nigeria.json create mode 100644 africa/rw-rwanda.json create mode 100644 africa/sc-seychelles.json create mode 100644 africa/sd-sudan.json create mode 100644 africa/sl-sierra-leone.json create mode 100644 africa/sn-senegal.json create mode 100644 africa/so-somalia.json create mode 100644 africa/st-st-sao-tome-n-principe.json create mode 100644 africa/sz-swaziland.json create mode 100644 africa/td-chad.json create mode 100644 africa/tg-togo.json create mode 100644 africa/tn-tunisia.json create mode 100644 africa/tz-tanzania.json create mode 100644 africa/ug-uganda.json create mode 100644 africa/za-south-africa.json create mode 100644 africa/zm-zambia.json create mode 100644 africa/zw-zimbabwe.json diff --git a/africa/bf-burkina-faso.json b/africa/bf-burkina-faso.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a0865ae9 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/bf-burkina-faso.json @@ -0,0 +1,599 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) achieved independence from France in 1960. Repeated military coups during the 1970s and 1980s were followed by multiparty elections in the early 1990s. Current President Blaise COMPAORE came to power in a 1987 military coup and has won every election since then. Burkina Faso's high population density and limited natural resources result in poor economic prospects for the majority of its citizens." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Western Africa, north of Ghana" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "13 00 N, 2 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "274,200 sq km", + "land": "273,800 sq km", + "water": "400 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly larger than Colorado" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "3,193 km", + "border_countries": "Benin 306 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Ghana 549 km, Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in west and southeast" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Mouhoun (Black Volta) River 200 m", + "highest_point": "Tena Kourou 749 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "manganese, limestone, marble; small deposits of gold, phosphates, pumice, salt" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "20.79%", + "permanent_crops": "0.24%", + "other": "78.98% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "250 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "12.5 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.72 cu km/yr (46%/3%/51%)", + "per_capita": "54.99 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "recurring droughts" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "recent droughts and desertification severely affecting agricultural activities, population distribution, and the economy; overgrazing; soil degradation; deforestation" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "landlocked savanna cut by the three principal rivers of the Black, Red, and White Voltas" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Burkinabe (singular and plural)", + "adjective": "Burkinabe" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Mossi over 40%, other approximately 60% (includes Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, and Fulani)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Muslim 60.5%, Catholic 19%, animist 15.3%, Protestant 4.2%, other 0.6%, none 0.4%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "17,812,961 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "45.5% (male 4,062,522/female 4,044,548)", + "15_24_years": "20% (male 1,794,740/female 1,775,072)", + "25_54_years": "28.9% (male 2,608,676/female 2,532,406)", + "55_64_years": "3.1% (male 229,202/female 324,921)", + "65_years_and_over": "2.5% (male 168,099/female 272,775) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "92.3 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "87.6 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.7 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "21.3 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "17 years", + "male": "16.8 years", + "female": "17.1 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.06% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "42.81 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "12.21 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "26.5% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "6.02% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "OUAGADOUGOU (capital) 2.053 million (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.69 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.62 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "19.4", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "300 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "78.3 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "85.67 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "70.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "54.43 years", + "male": "52.43 years", + "female": "56.48 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "6 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "16.2% (2010/11)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "6.7% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.06 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 73% of population; total: 79% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 27% of population; total: 21% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 50% of population; rural: 6% of population; total: 17% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 50% of population; rural: 94% of population; total: 83% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "1.2% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "110,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "7,100 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", + "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "2.3% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "26% (2009)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "4% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "28.7%", + "male": "36.7%", + "female": "21.6% (2007 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "7 years", + "male": "7 years", + "female": "6 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "1,521,006", + "percentage": "38 % (2006 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "3.8%", + "male": "4.6%", + "female": "2.9% (2006)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "none", + "conventional_short_form": "Burkina Faso", + "local_long_form": "none", + "local_short_form": "Burkina Faso", + "former": "Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "parliamentary republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Ouagadougou", + "geographic_coordinates": "12 22 N, 1 31 W", + "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "13 regions; Boucle du Mouhoun, Cascades, Centre, Centre-Est, Centre-Nord, Centre-Ouest, Centre-Sud, Est, Hauts-Bassins, Nord, Plateau-Central, Sahel, Sud-Ouest" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "5 August 1960 (from France)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Republic Day, 11 December (1958); note - commemorates the day that Upper Volta became an autonomous republic in the French Community" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "approved by referendum 2 June 1991; formally adopted 11 June 1991; last amended January 2002" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law based on the French model and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Blaise COMPAORE (since 15 October 1987)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Luc-Adolphe TIAO (since 18 April 2011)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 21 November 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president with the consent of the legislature", + "election_results": "Blaise COMPAORE reelected president; percent of popular vote - Blaise COMPAORE 80.2%, Hama Arba DIALLO 8.2%, Benewende Stanislas SANKARA 6.3%, other 5.3%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (127 seats; members are elected by proportional representation in one national constituency of 16 seats, and 45 multi-member constituencies having between 2 and 9 seats with members serving five-year terms)", + "elections": "National Assembly election last held on 2 December 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CDP 70, ADF-RDA 19, Union for Progress and Reform 19, UPR 4, UNIR-MS 4, CFD-B 3, PDS/Metba 2, other 6" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel (consists of the council president and 3 judges)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judge appointments mostly controlled by the president of Burkina Faso; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Council judges appointed by the president of Burkina Faso upon the proposal of the minister of justice; judges appointed for 9-year terms with one-third of judges renewed every 3 years", + "subordinate_courts": "Appeals Court; High Court; first instance tribunals; district courts; specialized courts relating to issues of labor, children, and juveniles; village (customary) courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "African Democratic Rally-Alliance for Democracy and Federation or ADF-RDA [Gilbert OUEDRAOGO]; Citizen's Popular Rally or RPC [Antoine QUARE]; Coalition of Democratic Forces of Burkina or CFD-B [Zio Eric FRANCOIS]; Congress for Democracy and Progress or CDP [Assimi KOUANDA]; Democratic and Popular Rally or RDP [Nana THIBAUT]; Movement for Tolerance and Progress or MTP [Nayabtigungou Congo KABORE]; Party for African Independence or PAI [Soumane TOURE]; Party for Democracy and Progress-Socialist Party or PDP-PS [Francois O. KABORE]; Party for Democracy and Socialism/Metba or PDS/Metba [Hama Arba DIALLO]; Party for National Rebirth or PAREN [Barry TAHIROU]; Rally for the Development of Burkina or RDB [Celestin Saidou COMPAORE]; Rally of Ecologists of Burkina Faso or RDEB [Ram OUEDRAGO]; Republican Party for Integration and Solidarity or PARIS; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Fidele HIEN]; Union for Progress and Reform or UPC [Zephiron DIABRE]; Union for Rebirth - Sankarist Movement or UNIR-MS [Benewende Stanislas SANKARA]; Union for the Republic or UPR [Toussaint Abel COULIBALY]; Union of Sankarist Parties or UPS [Ernest Nongma OUEDRAOGO]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Burkinabe General Confederation of Labor or CGTB [Tole SAGNON]; Burkinabe Movement for Human Rights or MBDHP [Chrysigone ZOUGMORE]; Group of 14 February [Benewende STANISLAS]; National Confederation of Burkinabe Workers or CNTB [Laurent OUEDRAOGO]; National Organization of Free Unions or ONSL [Paul KABORE]", + "other": "watchdog/political action groups throughout the country in both organizations and communities" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Seydou BOUDA", + "chancery": "2340 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 332-5577", + "fax": "[1] (202) 667-1882" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Thomas DOUGHERTY", + "embassy": "602 Avenue Raoul Follereau, Koulouba, Secteur 4", + "mailing_address": "01 B. P. 35, Ouagadougou 01; pouch mail - US Department of State, 2440 Ouagadougou Place, Washington, DC 20521-2440", + "telephone": "[226] 50-49-53-00", + "fax": "[226] 50-49-56-28" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center; red recalls the country's struggle for independence, green is for hope and abundance, and yellow represents the country's mineral wealth", + "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "white stallion" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Le Ditanye\" (Anthem of Victory)", + "lyrics_music": "Thomas SANKARA", + "note": "adopted 1974; also known as \"Une Seule Nuit\" (One Single Night), Burkina Faso's anthem was written by the country's president, an avid guitar player" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Burkina Faso is a poor, landlocked country that relies heavily on cotton and gold exports for revenue. The country has few natural resources and a weak industrial base. About 90% of the population is engaged in subsistence agriculture, which is vulnerable to periodic drought. Cotton is the main cash crop. Since 1998, Burkina Faso has embarked upon a gradual privatization of state-owned enterprises and in 2004 revised its investment code to attract foreign investment. As a result of this new code and other legislation favoring the mining sector, the country has seen an upswing in gold exploration and production. By 2010, gold had become the main source of export revenue. Gold mining production doubled between 2009 and 2010. Two new mining projects were launched in the third quarter of 2011. Local community conflict persists in the mining and cotton sectors, but the Prime Minister has made efforts to defuse some of the economic cause of public discontent, including announcing income tax reductions, reparations for looting victims, and subsidies for basic food items and fertilizer. An IMF mission to Burkina Faso in October 2011 expressed general satisfaction with the measures. The risk of a mass exodus of the 3 to 4 million Burinabe who live and work in Cote d'Ivoire has dissipated, and trade, power, and transport links are being restored. Burkina Faso experienced a severe drought in 2011, which decimated grazing land and decreased harvests, creating food insecurity and damaging the country's agricultural base." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$24.69 billion (2012 est.); $22.86 billion (2011 est.); $21.95 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$10.46 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "8% (2012 est.); 4.2% (2011 est.); 7.9% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,400 (2012 est.); $1,300 (2011 est.); $1,300 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "8.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 16.7% of GDP (2011 est.); 17.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "62.8%", + "government_consumption": "13.9%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.9%", + "investment_in_inventories": "-0.1%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "29.7%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-27.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "33%", + "industry": "22.2%", + "services": "44.9% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "cotton, peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "6.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "6.668 million", + "note": "a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment (2007)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "90%", + "industry_and_services": "10% (2000 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "77% (2004)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "46.7% (2009 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.9%", + "highest_10%": "32.2% (2009 est.)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "39.5 (2007); 48.2 (1994)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$2.26 billion", + "expenditures": "$2.311 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "21.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-0.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "3.8% (2012 est.); 2.8% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "4.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$1.845 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.56 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$3.91 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.805 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$2.123 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.705 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$481.1 million (2012 est.); -$125.8 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$2.177 billion (2012 est.); $2.207 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "gold, cotton, livestock" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "China 26%, Turkey 24.9%, Belgium 5.2% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$2.694 billion (2012 est.); $2.242 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "capital goods, foodstuffs, petroleum" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Cote dIvoire 17.8%, France 14.8%, Ghana 5.1%, Togo 4.8% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$1.025 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $957 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$2.586 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.42 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "664.4 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "762.5 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "144.6 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "252,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "87.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "12.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "9,960 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "12,540 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "1.441 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "141,500 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "7.682 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "system includes microwave radio relay, open-wire, and radiotelephone communication stations; in 2006 the government sold a 51 percent stake in the national telephone company and ultimately plans to retain only a 23 percent stake in the company", + "domestic": "fixed-line connections stand at less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage, fostered by multiple providers, is increasing rapidly from a low base", + "international": "country code - 226; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "2 TV stations - 1 state-owned and 1 privately owned; state-owned radio runs a national and regional network; substantial number of privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters available in Ouagadougou (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".bf" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "1,795 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "178,100 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "23 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "2", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "21", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", + "914_to_1_523_m": "13", + "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "622 km", + "narrow_gauge": "622 km 1.000-m gauge", + "note": "another 660 km of this railway extends into Cote d'Ivoire (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "15,272 km", + "note": "does not include urban roads (2010)" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Army, Air Force of Burkina Faso (Force Aerienne de Burkina Faso, FABF), National Gendarmerie (2011)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women may serve in supporting roles (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "3,735,735 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,366,168", + "females_age_16_49": "2,367,673 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "193,905", + "female": "191,662 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "adding to illicit cross-border activities, Burkina Faso has issues concerning unresolved boundary alignments with its neighbors; demarcation is currently underway with Mali, the dispute with Niger was referred to the ICJ in 2010, and a dispute over several villages with Benin persists; Benin retains a border dispute with Burkina Faso around the town of Koualou" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "49,975 (Mali) (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/bi-burundi.json b/africa/bi-burundi.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8692d7ab --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/bi-burundi.json @@ -0,0 +1,605 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only 100 days in office, triggering widespread ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. More than 200,000 Burundians perished during the conflict that spanned almost a dozen years. Hundreds of thousands of Burundians were internally displaced or became refugees in neighboring countries. An internationally brokered power-sharing agreement between the Tutsi-dominated government and the Hutu rebels in 2003 paved the way for a transition process that led to an integrated defense force, established a new constitution in 2005, and elected a majority Hutu government in 2005. The government of President Pierre NKURUNZIZA, who was reelected in 2010, continues to face many political and economic challenges." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "3 30 S, 30 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "27,830 sq km", + "land": "25,680 sq km", + "water": "2,150 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "974 km", + "border_countries": "Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Lake Tanganyika 772 m", + "highest_point": "Heha 2,670 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "33.06%", + "permanent_crops": "14.37%", + "other": "52.57% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "214.3 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "12.54 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.29 cu km/yr (15%/5%/79%)", + "per_capita": "43.27 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "flooding; landslides; drought" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Burundian(s)", + "adjective": "Burundian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Christian 82.8% (Roman Catholic 61.4%, Protestant 21.4%), Muslim 2.5%, Adventist 2.3%, other 6.5%, unknown 5.9% (2008 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "10,888,321 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "45.6% (male 2,497,999/female 2,469,564)", + "15_24_years": "19.7% (male 1,071,135/female 1,074,763)", + "25_54_years": "28.4% (male 1,533,191/female 1,559,661)", + "55_64_years": "3.8% (male 186,706/female 225,467)", + "65_years_and_over": "2.5% (male 108,243/female 161,592) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "88.6 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "84 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.5 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "22 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "16.9 years", + "male": "16.6 years", + "female": "17.2 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.08% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "40.04 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "9.12 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-0.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "10.9% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "4.45% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "BUJUMBURA (capital) 605,000 (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.82 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.67 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "21.3", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "800 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "58.86 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "63.32 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "54.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "59.69 years", + "male": "57.92 years", + "female": "61.5 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "5.99 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "21.9% (2010/11)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "11.6% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.03 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 83% of population; rural: 71% of population; total: 72% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 17% of population; rural: 29% of population; total: 28% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 49% of population; rural: 46% of population; total: 46% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 51% of population; rural: 54% of population; total: 54% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "3.3% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "180,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "15,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "2.9% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "35.2% (2005)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "6.1% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "67.2%", + "male": "72.9%", + "female": "61.8% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "11 years", + "male": "12 years", + "female": "11 years (2010)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "433,187", + "percentage": "19 % (2005 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Burundi", + "conventional_short_form": "Burundi", + "local_long_form": "Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi", + "local_short_form": "Burundi", + "former": "Urundi" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Bujumbura", + "geographic_coordinates": "3 22 S, 29 21 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "17 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rural, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 1 July (1962)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "ratified by popular referendum 28 February 2005" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of Belgian civil law and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Pierre NKURUNZIZA - Hutu (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Therence SINUNGURUZA - Tutsi (since 29 August 2010); Second Vice President Gervais RUFYIKIRI - Hutu (since 29 August 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Pierre NKURUNZIZA - Hutu (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Therence SINUNGURUZA - Tutsi (since 29 August 2010); Second Vice President Gervais RUFYIKIRI - Hutu (since 29 August 2010)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by president", + "elections": "the president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 28 June 2010 (next to be held in 2015); vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by parliament", + "election_results": "Pierre NKURUNZIZA elected president by popular vote; Pierre NKURUNZIZA 91.6%, other 8.4%; note - opposition parties withdrew from the election due to alleged government interference in the electoral process" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement, consists of a Senate (54 seats; 34 members elected by indirect vote to serve five-year terms, with remaining seats assigned to ethnic groups and former chiefs of state) and a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (minimum 100 seats, 60% Hutu and 40% Tutsi with at least 30% being women; additional seats appointed by a National Independent Electoral Commission to ensure ethnic representation; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 23 July 2010 (next to be held in 2015)", + "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - TBD; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 81.2%, UPRONA 11.6%, FRODEBU 5.9%, others 1.3%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 81, UPRONA 17, FRODEBU 5, other 3" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of 9 judges and organized into Judicial, administrative, and cassation chambers)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges nominated by the Judicial Service Commission, a 15-member independent body of judicial and legal profession officials); judges appointed by the president with the approval of the Senate; judge tenure NA", + "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; County Courts; Courts of Residence" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "governing_parties": "Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Leonce NGENDAKUMANA]; National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Jeremie NGENDAKUMANA]; Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progress Nationale) or UPRONA [Bonaventure NIYOYANKANA]", + "note": "a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD [Leonard NYANGOMA]; National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Forum for the Strengthening of Civil Society or FORSC [Pacifique NININAHAZWE] (civil society umbrella organization); Observatoire de lutte contre la corruption et les malversations economiques or OLUCOME [Gabriel RUFYIRI] (anti-corruption pressure group)", + "other": "Hutu and Tutsi militias (loosely organized)" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Angele NIYUHIRE", + "chancery": "Suite 408, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 342-2574", + "fax": "[1] (202) 342-2578" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador [vacant]; Charge d'Affaires Samuel R. WATSON", + "embassy": "Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura", + "mailing_address": "B. P. 1720, Bujumbura", + "telephone": "[257] 22-207-000", + "fax": "[257] 22-222-926" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and fly side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below); green symbolizes hope and optimism, white purity and peace, and red the blood shed in the struggle for independence; the three stars in the disk represent the three major ethnic groups: Hutu, Twa, Tutsi, as well as the three elements in the national motto: unity, work, progress" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "lion" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Burundi Bwacu\" (Our Beloved Burundi)", + "lyrics_music": "Jean-Baptiste NTAHOKAJA/Marc BARENGAYABO", + "note": "adopted 1962" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural; agriculture accounts for just over 30% of GDP and employs more than 90% of the population. Burundi's primary exports are coffee and tea, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings, though exports are a relatively small share of GDP. Burundi's export earnings - and its ability to pay for imports - rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. An ethnic-based war that lasted for over a decade resulted in more than 200,000 deaths, forced more than 48,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 140,000 others internally. Only one in two children go to school, and approximately one in 15 adults has HIV/AIDS. Food, medicine, and electricity remain in short supply. Less than 2% of the population has electricity in its homes. Burundi's GDP grew around 4% annually in 2006-12. Political stability and the end of the civil war have improved aid flows and economic activity has increased, but underlying weaknesses - a high poverty rate, poor education rates, a weak legal system, a poor transportation network, overburdened utilities, and low administrative capacity - risk undermining planned economic reforms. The purchasing power of most Burundians has decreased as wage increases have not kept up with inflation. Burundi will remain heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors - foreign aid represents 42% of Burundi''s national income, the second highest rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Burundi joined the East African Community in 2009, which should boost Burundi's regional trade ties, and also in 2009 received $700 million in debt relief. Government corruption is hindering the development of a healthy private sector as companies seek to navigate an environment with ever changing rules." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$5.578 billion (2012 est.); $5.363 billion (2011 est.); $5.148 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$2.475 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "4% (2012 est.); 4.2% (2011 est.); 3.8% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$600 (2012 est.); $600 (2011 est.); $600 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 1.7% of GDP (2011 est.); 0.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "91.8%", + "government_consumption": "12.1%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "21.8%", + "investment_in_inventories": "-4.5%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "8%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-29.1% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "35.2%", + "industry": "18.6%", + "services": "46.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, cassava (manioc); beef, milk, hides" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap, and beer; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "4.245 million (2007)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "93.6%", + "industry": "2.3%", + "services": "4.1% (2002 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "68% (2002 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "4.1%", + "highest_10%": "28% (2006)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "42.4 (1998)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$767.6 million", + "expenditures": "$865.8 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "31% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "50.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 55.7% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "18% (2012 est.); 9.7% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "11.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 10% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "14.32% (31 December 2012 est.); 13.23% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$332.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $335.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$519 million (31 December 2012 est.); $465.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$572.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $576.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$337.4 million (2012 est.); -$253.4 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$127.1 million (2012 est.); $124 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Germany 14.8%, Pakistan 9.1%, China 8.7%, Austria 7.5%, Sweden 7.2%, Belgium 5.1%, France 4.7%, Rwanda 4.4%, US 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$810 million (2012 est.); $771.7 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Saudi Arabia 16.3%, China 7.9%, Uganda 7.7%, Belgium 7%, Kenya 6.7%, Zambia 6.6%, India 5.5%, Singapore 5.1% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$308.8 million (31 December 2012 est.); $295.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$639.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $627.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Burundi francs (BIF) per US dollar -; 1,442.51 (2012 est.); 1,261.07 (2011 est.); 1,230.8 (2010 est.); 1,230.18 (2009); 1,198 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "127 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "198.1 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "80 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "52,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "1.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "98.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "2,290 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "1,334 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "527,800 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "30,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "1.915 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relays", + "domestic": "telephone density one of the lowest in the world; fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing but remains at roughly 20 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state-controlled La Radiodiffusion et Television Nationale de Burundi (RTNB) operates the lone TV station and the only national radio network; about 10 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in Bujumbura (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".bi" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "229 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "157,800 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "7 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "1", + "over_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "6", + "914_to_1_523_m": "4", + "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "1 (2012)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "12,322 km", + "paved": "1,286 km", + "unpaved": "11,036 km (2004)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "(mainly on Lake Tanganyika between Bujumbura, Burundi's principal port, and lake ports in Tanzania, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo) (2011)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "lake_ports": "Bujumbura (Lake Tanganyika)" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "National Defense Forces (Forces de Defense Nationale, FDN): Army (includes maritime wing, Air Wing), National Gendarmerie (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; the armed forces law of 31 December 2004 did not specify a minimum age for enlistment, but the government claimed that no one younger than 18 was being recruited; mandatory retirement age 45 (enlisted), 50 (NCOs), and 55 (officers) (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,182,327", + "females_age_16_49": "2,202,125 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,398,769", + "females_age_16_49": "1,481,417 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "117,956", + "female": "116,956 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "5.9% of GDP (2006 est.)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Burundi and Rwanda dispute two sq km (0.8 sq mi) of Sabanerwa, a farmed area in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965; cross-border conflicts persist among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces in the Great Lakes region" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "41,349 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2012)", + "idps": "78,800 (the majority are ethnic Tutsi displaced by inter-communal violence that broke out after the 1993 coup and fighting between government forces and rebel groups; no new displacements since 2008 when the last rebel group laid down its arms) (2012)", + "stateless_persons": "1,302 (2012)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Burundi is a source country for children and possibly women subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; business people recruit Burundian girls for prostitution domestically, as well as in Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, and the Middle East, and recruit boys and girls for forced labor in Burundi and Tanzania; children and young adults are coerced into forced labor in farming, mining, construction, or informal commerce; some family members, friends, and neighbors are complicit in exploiting children, luring them in with offers of educational or job opportunities", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Burundi does not comply fully with the minimum standards for the elimination of human trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government fails to prosecute trafficking offenses vigorously or increase its capacity to protect victims; most victim assistance continues to be provided by NGOs without government support; the government also fails to complete its draft anti-trafficking legislation, which is intended to rectify gaps in existing laws; a nationwide awareness-raising campaign continues (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/cd-congo-dr.json b/africa/cd-congo-dr.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..953b70cd --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/cd-congo-dr.json @@ -0,0 +1,618 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Established as a Belgian colony in 1908, the then-Republic of the Congo gained its independence in 1960, but its early years were marred by political and social instability. Col. Joseph MOBUTU seized power and declared himself president in a November 1965 coup. He subsequently changed his name - to MOBUTU Sese Seko - as well as that of the country - to Zaire. MOBUTU retained his position for 32 years through several sham elections, as well as through brutal force. Ethnic strife and civil war, touched off by a massive inflow of refugees in 1994 from fighting in Rwanda and Burundi, led in May 1997 to the toppling of the MOBUTU regime by a rebellion backed by Rwanda and Uganda and fronted by Laurent KABILA. He renamed the country the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), but in August 1998 his regime was itself challenged by a second insurrection again backed by Rwanda and Uganda. Troops from Angola, Chad, Namibia, Sudan, and Zimbabwe intervened to support KABILA's regime. In January 2001, KABILA was assassinated and his son, Joseph KABILA, was named head of state. In October 2002, the new president was successful in negotiating the withdrawal of Rwandan forces occupying the eastern DRC; two months later, the Pretoria Accord was signed by all remaining warring parties to end the fighting and establish a government of national unity. A transitional government was set up in July 2003; it held a successful constitutional referendum in December 2005 and elections for the presidency, National Assembly, and provincial legislatures took place in 2006. In 2009, following a resurgence of conflict in the eastern DRC, the government signed a peace agreement with the National Congress for the Defense of the People (CNDP), a primarily Tutsi rebel group. An attempt to integrate CNDP members into the Congolese military failed, prompting their defection in 2012 and the formation of the M23 armed group - named after the 23 March 2009 peace agreements. Renewed conflict has lead to the displacement of large numbers of persons and significant human rights abuses. As of February 2013, peace talks between the Congolese government and the M23 were on-going. In addition, the DRC continues to experience violence committed by other armed groups including the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda and Mai Mai groups. In the most recent national elections, held in November 2011, disputed results allowed Joseph KABILA to be reelected to the presidency." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central Africa, northeast of Angola" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "0 00 N, 25 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "2,344,858 sq km", + "land": "2,267,048 sq km", + "water": "77,810 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly less than one-fourth the size of the US" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "10,730 km", + "border_countries": "Angola 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of Angola's discontiguous Cabinda Province), Burundi 233 km, Central African Republic 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Rwanda 217 km, South Sudan 628 km, Tanzania 459 km, Uganda 765 km, Zambia 1,930 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "37 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "boundaries with neighbors" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season (April to October), dry season (December to February); south of Equator - wet season (November to March), dry season (April to October)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "vast central basin is a low-lying plateau; mountains in east" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Pic Marguerite on Mont Ngaliema (Mount Stanley) 5,110 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "cobalt, copper, niobium, tantalum, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, uranium, coal, hydropower, timber" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "2.9%", + "permanent_crops": "0.32%", + "other": "96.78% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "105 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "1,283 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.68 cu km/yr (68%/21%/11%)", + "per_capita": "11.25 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "periodic droughts in south; Congo River floods (seasonal); active volcanoes in the east along the Great Rift Valley", + "volcanism": "Nyiragongo (elev. 3,470 m), which erupted in 2002 and is experiencing ongoing activity, poses a major threat to the city of Goma, home to a quarter million people; the volcano produces unusually fast-moving lava, known to travel up to 100 km /hr; Nyiragongo has been deemed a \"Decade Volcano\" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; its neighbor, Nyamuragira, which erupted in 2010, is Africa's most active volcano; Visoke is the only other historically active volcano" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "poaching threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; deforestation; refugees responsible for significant deforestation, soil erosion, and wildlife poaching; mining of minerals (coltan - a mineral used in creating capacitors, diamonds, and gold) causing environmental damage" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "straddles equator; has narrow strip of land that controls the lower Congo River and is only outlet to South Atlantic Ocean; dense tropical rain forest in central river basin and eastern highlands; second largest country in Africa (after Algeria)" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Congolese (singular and plural)", + "adjective": "Congolese or Congo" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "over 200 African ethnic groups of which the majority are Bantu; the four largest tribes - Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, other (includes syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs) 10%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "75,507,308 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "43.5% (male 16,549,895/female 16,303,497)", + "15_24_years": "21.3% (male 8,055,525/female 8,014,205)", + "25_54_years": "29.1% (male 10,955,261/female 11,003,910)", + "55_64_years": "3.5% (male 1,247,479/female 1,420,102)", + "65_years_and_over": "2.6% (male 822,168/female 1,135,266) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "91.9 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "86.4 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.5 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "18.2 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "17.7 years", + "male": "17.5 years", + "female": "17.9 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.54% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "36.34 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "10.54 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "34.3% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "4.19% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "KINSHASA (capital) 8.798 million; Lubumbashi 1.543 million; Mbuji-Mayi 1.488 million; Kananga 878,000; Kisangani 812,000 (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.87 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.72 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "20.2 (2007 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "540 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "74.87 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "78.56 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "71.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "56.14 years", + "male": "54.66 years", + "female": "57.66 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4.95 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "17.7% (2010)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "7.9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.11 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.8 beds/1,000 population (2006)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 79% of population; rural: 27% of population; total: 45% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 21% of population; rural: 73% of population; total: 55% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 24% of population; rural: 24% of population; total: 24% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 76% of population; rural: 76% of population; total: 76% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and trypanosomiasis-gambiense (African sleeping sickness)", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "1.7% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "28.2% (2007)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "2.5% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write French, Lingala, Kingwana, or Tshiluba", + "total_population": "66.8%", + "male": "76.9%", + "female": "57% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "8 years", + "male": "10 years", + "female": "7 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "8,284,395", + "percentage": "42 % (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Democratic Republic of the Congo", + "conventional_short_form": "DRC", + "local_long_form": "Republique Democratique du Congo", + "local_short_form": "RDC", + "former": "Congo Free State, Belgian Congo, Congo/Leopoldville, Congo/Kinshasa, Zaire", + "abbreviation": "DRC" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Kinshasa", + "geographic_coordinates": "4 19 S, 15 18 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "10 provinces (provinces, singular - province) and 1 city* (ville); Bandundu, Bas-Congo (Lower Congo), Equateur, Kasai-Occidental (West Kasai), Kasai-Oriental (East Kasai), Katanga, Kinshasa*, Maniema, Nord-Kivu (North Kivu), Orientale, Sud-Kivu (South Kivu)", + "note": "according to the Constitution adopted in December 2005, the current administrative divisions were to be subdivided into 26 new provinces by 2009 but this has yet to be implemented" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "30 June 1960 (from Belgium)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 30 June (1960)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "18 February 2006" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil legal system based on Belgian version of French civil law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Joseph KABILA (since 17 January 2001)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Augustin MATATA PONYO Mapon (since 18 April 2012)", + "cabinet": "Ministers of State appointed by the president", + "elections": "under the new constitution the president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 28 November 2011 (next to be held in November 2016); prime minister appointed by the president", + "election_results": "Joseph KABILA reelected president; percent of vote - Joseph KABILA 49%, Etienne TSHISEKEDI 32.3%, other 18.7%; note - election marred by serious voting irregularities", + "note": "Joseph KABILA succeeded his father, Laurent Desire KABILA, following the latter's assassination in January 2001; negotiations with rebel leaders led to the establishment of a transitional government in July 2003 with free elections held on 30 July 2006 and a run-off on 29 October 2006 confirming Joseph KABILA as president" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral legislature consists of a Senate (108 seats; members elected by provincial assemblies to serve five-year terms) and a National Assembly (500 seats; 61 members elected by majority vote in single-member constituencies, 439 members elected by open list proportional-representation in multi-member constituencies to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "Senate - last held on 19 January 2007 (next scheduled for 5 June 2013; though likely to be delayed); National Assembly - last held on 28 November 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", + "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPRD 22, MLC 14, FR 7, RCD 7, PDC 6, CDC 3, MSR 3, PALU 2, independents 26, others 18 (political parties that won a single seat); National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPRD 62, UDPS 41, PPPD 29, MSR 27, MLC 22, PALU 19, UNC 17, ARC 16, AFDC 15, ECT 11, RRC 11, independents 16, others 214 (includes numerous political parties that won 10 or fewer seats and 2 constituencies where voting was halted); note - the November 2011 elections were married by violence including the destruction of ballots in two constituencies resulting in the closure of polling sites; election results were delayed three months, stongly contested, and continue to be unresolved" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice (organized into legislative and judiciary sections and consists of 26 justices); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court of Justice judges nominated by the Judicial Service Council, an independent body of public prosecutors and selected judges of the lower courts; judges tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 3 nominated by the president, 3 by the Judicial Service Council, and 3 by the legislature; judges appointed by the president to serve 9-year non-renewable terms", + "subordinate_courts": "State Security Court; Court of Appeals (organized into administrative and judiciary sections); Tribunal de Grande; magistrates' courts; customary courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Christian Democrat Party or PDC [Jose ENDUNDO]; Congolese Rally for Democracy or RCD [Azarias RUBERWA]; Convention of Christian Democrats or CDC; Forces of Renewal or FR [Mbusa NYAMWISI]; Movement for the Liberation of the Congo or MLC [Jean-Pierre BEMBA]; People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy or PPRD [Joseph KABILA]; Social Movement for Renewal or MSR [Pierre LUMBI]; Unified Lumumbist Party or PALU [Antoine GIZENGA]; Union for the Congolese Nation or UNC [Vital KAMERHE]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Etienne TSHISEKEDI]; Union of Mobutuist Democrats or UDEMO [MOBUTU Nzanga]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "FARDC (Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo) - Army of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which commits atrocities on citizens; FDLR (Forces Democratiques de Liberation du Rwanda) - Rwandan militia group made up of some of the perpetrators of Rwanda's Genocide in 1994; CNDP (National Congress for the Defense of the People) - mainly Congolese Tutsis who want refugees returned and more representation in government; M23 - rebel group comprised largely from ex-CNDP forces" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, COMESA, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Faida Maramuke MITIFU", + "chancery": "Suite 601, 1726 M Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20036", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 234-7690 through 7691", + "fax": "[1] (202) 234-2609", + "consulates_general": "New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador James F. ENTWISTLE", + "embassy": "310 Avenue des Aviateurs, Kinshasa", + "mailing_address": "Unit 2220, DPO AE 09828", + "telephone": "[243] (081) 556-0151", + "fax": "[243] (081) 556-0175" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "sky blue field divided diagonally from the lower hoist corner to upper fly corner by a red stripe bordered by two narrow yellow stripes; a yellow, five-pointed star appears in the upper hoist corner; blue represents peace and hope, red the blood of the country's martyrs, and yellow the country's wealth and prosperity; the star symbolizes unity and the brilliant future for the country" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "leopard" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Debout Congolaise\" (Arise Congolese)", + "lyrics_music": "Joseph LUTUMBA/Simon-Pierre BOKA di Mpasi Londi", + "note": "adopted 1960; the anthem was replaced during the period in which the country was known as Zaire, but was readopted in 1997" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "The economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo - a nation endowed with vast natural resource wealth - is slowly recovering after decades of decline. Systemic corruption since independence in 1960, combined with country-wide instability and conflict that began in the mid-90s has dramatically reduced national output and government revenue and increased external debt. With the installation of a transitional government in 2003 after peace accords, economic conditions slowly began to improve as the transitional government reopened relations with international financial institutions and international donors, and President KABILA began implementing reforms. Progress has been slow to reach the interior of the country although clear changes are evident in Kinshasa and Lubumbashi. An uncertain legal framework, corruption, and a lack of transparency in government policy are long-term problems for the mining sector and for the economy as a whole. Much economic activity still occurs in the informal sector and is not reflected in GDP data. Renewed activity in the mining sector, the source of most export income, has boosted Kinshasa's fiscal position and GDP growth in recent years. The global recession cut economic growth in 2009 to less than half its 2008 level, but growth returned to around 7% per year in 2010-12. The DRC signed a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility with the IMF in 2009 and received $12 billion in multilateral and bilateral debt relief in 2010, but the IMF at the end of 2012 suspended the last three payments under the loan facility - worth $240 million - because of concerns about the lack of transparency in mining contracts. In 2012, the DRC updated its business laws by adhering to OHADA, the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa. The country marked its tenth consecutive year of positive economic expansion in 2012." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$28.03 billion (2012 est.); $26.17 billion (2011 est.); $24.48 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$17.7 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "7.1% (2012 est.); 6.9% (2011 est.); 7.2% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$400 (2012 est.); $400 (2011 est.); $300 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "64.5%", + "government_consumption": "12%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.3%", + "investment_in_inventories": "1%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "58.5%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-53.3% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "44.2%", + "industry": "22.6%", + "services": "33.1% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "coffee, sugar, palm oil, rubber, tea, cotton, cocoa, quinine, cassava (manioc), bananas, plantains, peanuts, root crops, corn, fruits; wood products" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "mining (copper, cobalt, gold, diamonds, coltan, zinc, tin, tungsten), mineral processing, consumer products (textiles, plastics, footwear, cigarettes), metal products, processed foods and beverages, timber, cement, commercial ship repair" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "35.86 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "NA%", + "industry": "NA%", + "services": "NA%" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "71% (2006 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.3%", + "highest_10%": "34.7% (2006)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$5.009 billion", + "expenditures": "$5.537 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "28.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-3% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "10.5% (2012 est.); 15.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "4% (31 December 2012 est.); 20% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "28.45% (31 December 2012 est.); 43.75% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$1.159 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $867.2 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$3.087 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.654 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$444.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $522.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$2.2 billion (2012 est.); -$831 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$8.872 billion (2012 est.); $9.472 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "diamonds, copper, gold, cobalt, wood products, crude oil, coffee" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "China 53.4%, Zambia 24.5%, Belgium 5.6% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$8.187 billion (2012 est.); $8.916 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "South Africa 21.4%, China 15.1%, Belgium 7.9%, Zambia 7.5%, Zimbabwe 6.1%, Kenya 5.1%, France 4.9% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$1.633 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.268 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$6.089 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.448 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Congolese francs (CDF) per US dollar -; 920.25 (2012 est.); 916.25 (2011 est.); 905.91 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 559 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "7.75 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "6.588 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "887 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "105 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "2.475 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "1.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "98.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "20,160 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "11,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "180 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "10,240 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "11,500 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "991.1 million cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "2.804 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "57,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "15.645 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "barely adequate wire and microwave radio relay service in and between urban areas; domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations; inadequate fixed line infrastructure", + "domestic": "state-owned operator providing less than 1 fixed-line connection per 1000 persons; given the backdrop of a wholly inadequate fixed-line infrastructure, the use of mobile-cellular services has surged and mobile teledensity is roughly 20 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 243; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state-owned TV broadcast station with near national coverage; more than a dozen privately owned TV stations with 2 having near national coverage; 2 state-owned radio stations are supplemented by more than 100 private radio stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".cd" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "2,515 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "290,000 (2008)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "198 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "26", + "over_3_047_m": "3", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "17", + "914_to_1_523_m": "2", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "172", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "20", + "914_to_1_523_m": "87", + "under_914_m": "65 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "1 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "gas 62 km; oil 77 km; refined products 756 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "4,007 km", + "narrow_gauge": "3,882 km 1.067-m gauge (858 km electrified); 125 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "153,497 km", + "paved": "2,794 km", + "unpaved": "150,703 km (2004)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "15,000 km (including the Congo, its tributaries, and unconnected lakes) (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "1", + "by_type": "petroleum tanker 1", + "foreign_owned": "1 (Republic of the Congo 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Banana", + "river_or_lake_ports": "Boma, Bumba, Kinshasa, Kisangani, Matadi, Mbandaka (Congo); Kindu (Lualaba); Bukavu, Goma (Lake Kivu); Kalemie (Lake Tanganyika)" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Forces d'Armees de la Republique Democratique du Congo, FARDC): Army, National Navy (La Marine Nationale), Congolese Air Force (Force Aerienne Congolaise, FAC) (2011)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-45 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "15,980,106 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "10,168,258", + "females_age_16_49": "10,331,693 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "877,684", + "female": "871,880 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "heads of the Great Lakes states and UN pledged in 2004 to abate tribal, rebel, and militia fighting in the region, including northeast Congo, where the UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC), organized in 1999, maintains over 16,500 uniformed peacekeepers; members of Uganda's Lords Resistance Army forces continue to seek refuge in Congo's Garamba National Park as peace talks with the Uganda government evolve; the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River with the Republic of the Congo is indefinite except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area; Uganda and DRC dispute Rukwanzi Island in Lake Albert and other areas on the Semliki River with hydrocarbon potential; boundary commission continues discussions over Congolese-administered triangle of land on the right bank of the Lunkinda River claimed by Zambia near the DRC village of Pweto; DRC accuses Angola of shifting monuments" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "50,736 (Rwanda); 9,368 (Burundi) (2012); 69,500 (Central African Republic) (2013)", + "idps": "2,665,021 (fighting between government forces and rebels since mid-1990s; most IDPs are in eastern provinces) (2012)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Democratic Republic of the Congo is a source, destination, and possibly a transit country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; the majority of this trafficking is internal, and much of it is perpetrated by armed groups and government forces outside government control within the country's unstable eastern provinces; Congolese women and children have been exploited internally as domestic servants, while others migrate to Angola, South Africa, Republic of the Congo, and South Sudan, as well as East African, Middle Eastern, and European nations where they are subjected to forced prostitution, domestic servitude, and forced labor in agriculture and diamond mines; indigenous and foreign armed groups (including the Lord's Resistance Army) abduct and forcibly recruit Congolese adults and children to serve as laborers, porters, domestics, combatants, and sex slaves; some commanders of the Congolese national army also recruit, at times through force, men and children for use as combatants, escorts, and porters", + "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - The Democratic Republic of the Congo does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government signed a UN-backed action plan to end the recruitment and use of child soldiers within its armed forces but has not applied legal sanctions against those who recruit and use child soldiers and has not reported any law enforcement efforts to combat any other forms of trafficking; besides child soldiers, the government has not reported identifying any other victims of forced labor or sex trafficking or providing protective services or referrals to NGO-operated care facilities; NGOs continue to provide the vast majority of the limited shelter, legal, medical, and psychological services available to victims (2013)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "one of Africa's biggest producers of cannabis, but mostly for domestic consumption; traffickers exploit lax shipping controls to transit pseudoephedrine through the capital; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leaves the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center (2008)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/cf-central-african-republic.json b/africa/cf-central-african-republic.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..01b76fab --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/cf-central-african-republic.json @@ -0,0 +1,590 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The former French colony of Ubangi-Shari became the Central African Republic upon independence in 1960. After three tumultuous decades of misrule - mostly by military governments - civilian rule was established in 1993 and lasted for one decade. In March, 2003 President Ange-Felix PATASSE was deposed in a military coup led by General Francois BOZIZE, who established a transitional government. Elections held in 2005 affirmed General BOZIZE as president; he was reelected in 2011 in voting widely viewed as flawed. The government still does not fully control the countryside, where pockets of lawlessness persist. The militant group the Lord's Resistance Army continues to destabilize southeastern Central African Republic, and several rebel groups joined together in early December 2012 to launch a series of attacks that left them in control of numerous towns in the northern and central parts of the country. The rebels - who are unhappy with BOZIZE's government - participated in peace talks in early January 2013 which resulted in a coalition government including the rebellion's leadership. In March 2013, the coalition government dissolved, rebels seized the capital, and President BOZIZE fled the country. Rebel leader Michel DJOTODIA assumed the presidency, reappointed Nicolas TIANGAYE as Prime Minister, and established a transitional government on 31 March. On 13 April 2013, the National Transitional Council affirmed DJOTODIA as President." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central Africa, north of Democratic Republic of the Congo" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "7 00 N, 21 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "622,984 sq km", + "land": "622,984 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Texas" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "5,203 km", + "border_countries": "Cameroon 797 km, Chad 1,197 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 467 km, South Sudan 990 km, Sudan 175 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "vast, flat to rolling, monotonous plateau; scattered hills in northeast and southwest" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Oubangui River 335 m", + "highest_point": "Mont Ngaoui 1,420 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "2.89%", + "permanent_crops": "0.13%", + "other": "96.98% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "1.35 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "144.4 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.07 cu km/yr (83%/17%/1%)", + "per_capita": "17.42 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "tap water is not potable; poaching has diminished the country's reputation as one of the last great wildlife refuges; desertification; deforestation" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "landlocked; almost the precise center of Africa" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Central African(s)", + "adjective": "Central African" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Baya 33%, Banda 27%, Mandjia 13%, Sara 10%, Mboum 7%, M'Baka 4%, Yakoma 4%, other 2%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "indigenous beliefs 35%, Protestant 25%, Roman Catholic 25%, Muslim 15%", + "note": "animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority" + }, + "population": { + "text": "5,166,510 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "40.7% (male 1,058,523/female 1,045,664)", + "15_24_years": "20.2% (male 525,581/female 520,274)", + "25_54_years": "31.5% (male 814,003/female 815,169)", + "55_64_years": "3.9% (male 86,860/female 113,190)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.6% (male 73,942/female 113,304) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "77.5 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "70.7 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.8 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "14.7 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "19.3 years", + "male": "19 years", + "female": "19.7 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.14% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "35.8 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "14.42 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "39.1% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "2.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "BANGUI (capital) 740,000 (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.75 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.66 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "890 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "95.04 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "102.83 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "87.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "50.9 years", + "male": "49.64 years", + "female": "52.2 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4.52 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "19% (2006)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "4% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.08 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1 beds/1,000 population (2011)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 92% of population; rural: 51% of population; total: 67% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 8% of population; rural: 49% of population; total: 33% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 43% of population; rural: 28% of population; total: 34% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 57% of population; rural: 72% of population; total: 66% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "4.7% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "130,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "11,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", + "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "3.5% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "28% (2006)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "56.6%", + "male": "69.6%", + "female": "44.2% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "7 years", + "male": "8 years", + "female": "5 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "532,518", + "percentage": "47 % (2006 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Central African Republic", + "conventional_short_form": "none", + "local_long_form": "Republique Centrafricaine", + "local_short_form": "none", + "former": "Ubangi-Shari, Central African Empire", + "abbreviation": "CAR" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Bangui", + "geographic_coordinates": "4 22 N, 18 35 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture), 2 economic prefectures* (prefectures economiques, singular - prefecture economique), and 1 commune**; Bamingui-Bangoran, Bangui**, Basse-Kotto, Haute-Kotto, Haut-Mbomou, Kemo, Lobaye, Mambere-Kadei, Mbomou, Nana-Grebizi*, Nana-Mambere, Ombella-Mpoko, Ouaka, Ouham, Ouham-Pende, Sangha-Mbaere*, Vakaga" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "13 August 1960 (from France)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Republic Day, 1 December (1958)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "ratified by popular referendum 5 December 2004; effective 27 December 2004" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the French model" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Michel DJOTODIA (since 24 March 2013 coup) note - a rebel force seized the capital in March 2013, forcing former president BOZIZE to flee the country; President DJOTODIA assumed the presidency, reinstated the Prime Minister, established a transitional government, and was subsequently affirmed as President by the National Transitional Council on 13 April 2013; an 18-month transition period officially began on 18 August 2013", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Nicolas TIANGAYE (since 17 January 2013)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers", + "elections": "president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 23 January 2011 (next to be held in 2014 - as specified in the January 2013 Libreville agreement); prime minister appointed by the president", + "election_results": "Francois BOZIZE elected to a second term as president; percent of vote - Francois BOZIZE (KNK) 64.4%, Ange-Felix PATASSE 21.4%, Martin ZIGUELE (MLPC) 6.8%, Emile Gros Raymond NAKOMBO (RDC) 4.6%, Jean-Jacques DEMAFOUTH (NAP) 2.8%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (105 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 23 January 2011 and 27 March 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KNK 62, independents 26, MLPC 2, other 15" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, at least 3 of which are women)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president; Constitutional Court judge appointments - 2 by the president, 1 by the speaker of the National Assembly, 2 elected by their peers, 2 are advocates elected by their peers, and 2 are law professors elected by their peers; judges serve 7-year non-renewable terms", + "subordinate_courts": "high courts; magistrates' courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP [Jacques MBOLIEDAS]; Central African Democratic Rally or RDC [Louis-Pierre GAMBA]; Civic Forum or FC [Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA]; Democratic Forum for Modernity or FODEM [Saturnin NDOMBY]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Nestor KOMBO-NAGUEMON]; Londo Association or LONDO; Movement for Democracy and Development or MDD; Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC [Martin ZIGUELE ]; National Convergence or KNK; National Unity Party or PUN [Jean-Paul NGOUPANDE]; New Alliance for Progress or NAP [Jean-Jacques DEMAFOUTH]; Patriotic Front for Progress or FPP [Alexandre Philippe GOUMBA]; People's Union for the Republic or UPR [Pierre Sammy MAKFOY]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKOUE]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Stanislas MOUSSA-KEMBE", + "chancery": "1618 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 483-7800", + "fax": "[1] (202) 332-9893" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Laurence D. WOHLERS", + "embassy": "Avenue David Dacko, Bangui", + "mailing_address": "B. P. 924, Bangui", + "telephone": "[236] 21 61 02 00", + "fax": "[236] 21 61 44 94", + "note": "the embassy temporarily suspended operations in December, 2012" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "four equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, green, and yellow with a vertical red band in center; a yellow five-pointed star to the hoist side of the blue band; banner combines the Pan-African and French flag colors; red symbolizes the blood spilled in the struggle for independence, blue represents the sky and freedom, white peace and dignity, green hope and faith, and yellow tolerance; the star represents aspiration towards a vibrant future" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "elephant" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Le Renaissance\" (The Renaissance)", + "lyrics_music": "Barthelemy BOGANDA/Herbert PEPPER", + "note": "adopted 1960; Barthelemy BOGANDA, who wrote the anthem's lyrics, was the first prime minister of the autonomous French territory" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Subsistence agriculture, together with forestry and mining, remains the backbone of the economy of the Central African Republic (CAR), with about 60% of the population living in outlying areas. The agricultural sector generates more than half of GDP. Timber and diamonds account for most export earnings, followed by cotton. Important constraints to economic development include the CAR's landlocked position, a poor transportation system, a largely unskilled work force, and a legacy of misdirected macroeconomic policies. Factional fighting between the government and its opponents remains a drag on economic revitalization. Since 2009 the IMF has worked closely with the government to institute reforms that have resulted in some improvement in budget transparency, but other problems remain. The government's additional spending in the run-up to the election in 2011 worsened CAR's fiscal situation. Distribution of income is extraordinarily unequal. Grants from France and the international community can only partially meet humanitarian needs. In 2012 the World Bank approved $125 million in funding for transport infrastructure and regional trade, focused on the route between CAR's capital and the port of Douala in Cameroon. After a two year lag in donor support, the IMF's first review of CAR's extended credit facility for 2012-15 praised improvements in revenue collection but warned of weak management of spending." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$3.955 billion (2012 est.); $3.799 billion (2011 est.); $3.677 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$2.172 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "4.1% (2012 est.); 3.3% (2011 est.); 3% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$800 (2012 est.); $800 (2011 est.); $800 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "4.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 3.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 4% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "89.5%", + "government_consumption": "8.1%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "12.5%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "12.5%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-22.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "55.8%", + "industry": "14.8%", + "services": "29.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "cotton, coffee, tobacco, manioc (tapioca), yams, millet, corn, bananas; timber" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "gold and diamond mining, logging, brewing, sugar refining" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "3% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "1.926 million (2007)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "8% (2001 est.)", + "note": "23% unemployment in Bangui" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.1%", + "highest_10%": "33% (2003)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "61.3 (1993)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$340.8 million", + "expenditures": "$356.9 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "15.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-0.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "5% (2012 est.); 1.3% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "4.25% (31 December 2009); 4.75% (31 December 2008)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "15% (31 December 2012 est.); 15% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$349 million (31 December 2012 est.); $329.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$459.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $406.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$488.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $444.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$179.5 million (2012 est.); -$191.4 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$208 million (2012 est.); $186.3 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "diamonds, timber, cotton, coffee" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Belgium 31.5%, China 27.7%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 8.6%, Indonesia 5.2%, France 4.5% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$332.4 million (2012 est.); $319.8 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "food, textiles, petroleum products, machinery, electrical equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Netherlands 19.5%, Cameroon 9.7%, France 9.3%, South Korea 8.7% (2012)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$623.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $573 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "160 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "148.8 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "46,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "45.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "54.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "3,175 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "2,481 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "227,400 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "5,400 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "1.824 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "network consists principally of microwave radio relay and low-capacity, low-powered radiotelephone communication", + "domestic": "limited telephone service with less than 1 fixed-line connection per 100 persons; spurred by the presence of multiple mobile-cellular service providers, cellular usage is increasing from a low base; most fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone services are concentrated in Bangui", + "international": "country code - 236; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "government-owned network, Radiodiffusion Television Centrafricaine, provides domestic TV broadcasting; licenses for 2 private TV stations are pending; state-owned radio network is supplemented by a small number of privately owned broadcast stations as well as a few community radio stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".cf" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "20 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "22,600 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "39 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "2", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "37", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "11", + "914_to_1_523_m": "19", + "under_914_m": "6 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "20,278 km (2010)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "2,800 km (the primary navigable river is the Ubangi, which joins the River Congo; it was the traditional route for the export of products because it connected with the Congo-Ocean railway at Brazzaville; because of the warfare on both sides of the River Congo from 1997, however, routes through Cameroon became preferred by importers and exporters) (2011)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "river_ports": "Bangui (Oubangui); Nola (Sangha)" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Central African Armed Forces (Forces Armees Centrafricaines, FACA): Ground Forces (includes Military Air Service), General Directorate of Gendarmerie Inspection (DGIG), National Police (2011)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for selective military service; 2-year conscript service obligation (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,149,856", + "females_age_16_49": "1,145,897 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "655,875", + "females_age_16_49": "661,308 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "54,843", + "female": "53,999 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "2.6% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "periodic skirmishes over water and grazing rights among related pastoral populations along the border with southern Sudan persist" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "10,662 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2012)", + "idps": "206,000 (clashes between army and rebel groups since 2005; tensions between ethnic groups) (2013)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Central African Republic (CAR) is a source and destination country for children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking and possibly women subjected to forced prostitution; most victims appear to be CAR citizens exploited within the country, and that a smaller number are transported back and forth between the CAR and Cameroon, Chad, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, and South Sudan; children are forced into domestic servitude, commercial sexual exploitation, agricultural labor, mining, and street vending; armed groups operating in the CAR, including the Lord's Resistance Army, continue to recruit and use children for military activities, while village self-defense units use children as combatants, lookouts, and porters", + "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Central African Republic does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government does not investigate or prosecute any suspected cases of human trafficking, including the use of child soldiers; the government also fails to identify, provide protection to, or refer to service providers any trafficking victims; in collaboration with an NGO, the government has convened a working group to develop a national action plan to combat human trafficking (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/cg-congo.json b/africa/cg-congo.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..23e5242e --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/cg-congo.json @@ -0,0 +1,601 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Upon independence in 1960, the former French region of Middle Congo became the Republic of the Congo. A quarter century of experimentation with Marxism was abandoned in 1990 and a democratically elected government took office in 1992. A brief civil war in 1997 restored former Marxist President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso, and ushered in a period of ethnic and political unrest. Southern-based rebel groups agreed to a final peace accord in March 2003, but the calm is tenuous and refugees continue to present a humanitarian crisis. The Republic of Congo is one of Africa's largest petroleum producers, but with declining production it will need new offshore oil finds to sustain its oil earnings over the long term." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and Gabon" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "1 00 S, 15 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "342,000 sq km", + "land": "341,500 sq km", + "water": "500 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Montana" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "5,504 km", + "border_countries": "Angola 201 km, Cameroon 523 km, Central African Republic 467 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Gabon 1,903 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "169 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); persistent high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "coastal plain, southern basin, central plateau, northern basin" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Mount Berongou 903 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc, uranium, copper, phosphates, gold, magnesium, natural gas, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "1.46%", + "permanent_crops": "0.18%", + "other": "98.36% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "20 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "832 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.05 cu km/yr (69%/26%/4%)", + "per_capita": "13.99 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "seasonal flooding" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from the dumping of raw sewage; tap water is not potable; deforestation" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "about 70% of the population lives in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, or along the railroad between them" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Congolese (singular and plural)", + "adjective": "Congolese or Congo" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Kongo 48%, Sangha 20%, M'Bochi 12%, Teke 17%, Europeans and other 3%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Christian 50%, animist 48%, Muslim 2%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "4,492,689 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "45.1% (male 1,020,784/female 1,006,148)", + "15_24_years": "20.6% (male 464,410/female 460,955)", + "25_54_years": "28.2% (male 636,447/female 628,629)", + "55_64_years": "3.4% (male 67,117/female 84,919)", + "65_years_and_over": "2.7% (male 50,358/female 72,922) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "84.9 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "78.7 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.3 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "15.9 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "17.1 years", + "male": "16.9 years", + "female": "17.3 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.86% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "39.63 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "11.03 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "63.7% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "2.84% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "BRAZZAVILLE (capital) 1.611 million (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.79 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.69 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "19.8 (2005 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "560 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "72.45 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "77.76 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "66.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "55.6 years", + "male": "54.27 years", + "female": "56.96 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "5.49 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "44.7% (2011/12)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "2.5% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.1 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.6 beds/1,000 population (2005)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 32% of population; total: 71% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 68% of population; total: 29% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 20% of population; rural: 15% of population; total: 18% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 80% of population; rural: 85% of population; total: 82% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "3.4% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "77,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "5,100 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_disease": "malaria and dengue fever", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "4.7% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "11.8% (2005)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "6.2% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "83.8%", + "male": "89.6%", + "female": "78.4% (2003 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "9 years", + "male": "10 years", + "female": "9 years (2003)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "252,171", + "percentage": "25 % (2005 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of the Congo", + "conventional_short_form": "Congo (Brazzaville)", + "local_long_form": "Republique du Congo", + "local_short_form": "none", + "former": "Middle Congo, Congo/Brazzaville, Congo" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Brazzaville", + "geographic_coordinates": "4 15 S, 15 17 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "10 regions (regions, singular - region) and 2 commune*; Bouenza, Brazzaville*, Cuvette, Cuvette-Ouest, Kouilou, Lekoumou, Likouala, Niari, Plateaux, Pointe-Noire*, Pool, Sangha" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "15 August 1960 (from France)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 15 August (1960)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "approved by referendum 20 January 2002" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of French civil law and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (since 25 October 1997, following the civil war in which he toppled elected president Pascal LISSOUBA); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (since 25 October 1997); note - the position of prime minister was abolished in September 2009", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 12 July 2009 (next to be held in 2016)", + "election_results": "Denis SASSOU-Nguesso reelected president; percent of vote - Denis SASSOU-Nguesso 78.6%, Joseph Kignoumbi Kia MBOUNGOU 7.5%, Nicephore Fylla de SAINT-EUDES 7%, other 6.9%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (72 seats; members elected by indirect vote to serve five-year terms) and the National Assembly (139 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)", + "elections": "Senate - last held on 5 August 2008 (next to be held in July 2014); National Assembly - last held on 15 July and 5 August 2012 (next to be held in 2018)", + "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RMP 33, FDU 23, UPADS 2, independents 7, other 7; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PCT (and allies) 117, UPADS 7, independents 12, vacant 3" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA judges) note - the High Court of Justice, outside the judicial authority, tries cases involving treason by the president of the republic", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges elected by parliament and serve until retirement age", + "subordinate_courts": "courts of appeal; regional and district courts; employment tribunals; juvenile courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Action Movement for Renewal or MAR; Congolese Labour Party or PCT; Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI [Michel MAMPOUYA]; Movement for Solidarity and Development or MSD; Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS [Martin MBERI]; Rally for Democracy and the Republic or RDR [Raymond Damasge NGOLLO]; Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Jean-Pierre Thystere TCHICAYA, president]; Rally of the Presidential Majority or RMP; Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR; United Democratic Forces or FDU [Sebastian EBAO]; many smaller parties" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Congolese Trade Union Congress or CSC; General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students or UGEEC; Revolutionary Union of Congolese Women or URFC; Union of Congolese Socialist Youth or UJSC" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Serge MOMBOULI", + "chancery": "1720 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 726-5500", + "fax": "[1] (202) 726-1860" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Christopher W. MURRAY", + "embassy": "70-83 Section D, Maya-Maya Boulevard, Brazzaville;", + "mailing_address": "B.P. 1015, Brazzaville", + "telephone": "[242] 06 612-200" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a yellow band; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is red; green symbolizes agriculture and forests, yellow the friendship and nobility of the people, red is unexplained but has been associated with the struggle for independence", + "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "lion; elephant" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"La Congolaise\" (The Congolese)", + "lyrics_music": "Jacques TONDRA and Georges KIBANGHI/Jean ROYER and Joseph SPADILIERE", + "note": "originally adopted 1959, restored 1991" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "The economy is a mixture of subsistence hunting and agriculture, an industrial sector based largely on oil and support services, and government spending. Oil has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy, providing a major share of government revenues and exports. Natural gas is increasingly being converted to electricity rather than being flared, greatly improving energy prospects. New mining projects, particularly iron ore, that may enter production as early as late 2013 may add as much as $1 billion to annual government revenue. Economic reform efforts have been undertaken with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the IMF, including recently concluded Article IV consultations. Denis SASSOU-Nguesso, who returned to power when the war ended in October 1997, publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. Economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit. The current administration faces difficult economic challenges of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty. The drop in oil prices during the global crisis reduced oil revenue by about 30%, but the subsequent recovery of oil prices boosted the economy's GDP from 2009-12. In March 2006, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) treatment for Congo, which received $1.9 billion in debt relief under the program in 2010. Congo also restructured old defaulted London Club debt in 2007, which effectively cancelled 80% of its private debt. Contracts with China have increased Congo's publicly held debt. Officially the country became a net external creditor as of 2011, with external debt representing less than 22% of GDP and debt servicing less than 3% of government revenue." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$19.41 billion (2012 est.); $18.69 billion (2011 est.); $18.08 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$13.69 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.8% (2012 est.); 3.4% (2011 est.); 8.8% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$4,700 (2012 est.); $4,700 (2011 est.); $4,700 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "59.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 61.3% of GDP (2011 est.); 48.2% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "22%", + "government_consumption": "15.6%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "51.9%", + "investment_in_inventories": "1%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "105.6%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-96.1% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "3.3%", + "industry": "76.3%", + "services": "20.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "cassava (tapioca), sugar, rice, corn, peanuts, vegetables, coffee, cocoa; forest products" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "petroleum extraction, cement, lumber, brewing, sugar, palm oil, soap, flour, cigarettes" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "2.89 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "53% (2012 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "46.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.1%", + "highest_10%": "37.1% (2005)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$6.382 billion", + "expenditures": "$5.927 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "46.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "3.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "18.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 17% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "3.9% (2012 est.); 1.3% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "4.25% (31 December 2009); 4.75% (31 December 2008)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "14.8% (31 December 2012 est.); 15% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$3.341 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $3.341 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$3.753 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $2.882 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$2.392 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $1.982 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "$1.277 billion (2012 est.); $1.85 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$12.14 billion (2012 est.); $11.63 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "petroleum, lumber, plywood, sugar, cocoa, coffee, diamonds" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "China 38.9%, US 12.9%, France 9.5%, Australia 8.8%, Netherlands 6.8%, Spain 5.3%, India 5.3% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$5.835 billion (2012 est.); $5.023 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "capital equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "France 19.2%, China 13.3%, Brazil 9%, US 6.1%, India 5.7%, Italy 4.8%, Belgium 4.3% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$6.091 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.658 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$2.958 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.523 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "559 million kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "588 million kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "470 million kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "559,000 kW (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "51.2% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "48.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "298,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "290,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "1.6 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "10,460 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "10,710 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "5,146 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "5,326 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "946 million cu m (2012 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "930 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "39 million cu m (2012 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "90.61 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "6.518 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "14,200 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "3.885 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "primary network consists of microwave radio relay and coaxial cable with services barely adequate for government use; key exchanges are in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Loubomo; intercity lines frequently out of order", + "domestic": "fixed-line infrastructure inadequate providing less than 1 connection per 100 persons; in the absence of an adequate fixed line infrastructure, mobile-cellular subscribership has surged to 90 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 242; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "1 state-owned TV and 3 state-owned radio stations; several privately owned TV and radio stations; satellite TV service is available; rebroadcasts of several international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".cg" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "45 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "245,200 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "27 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "8", + "over_3_047_m": "2", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "5 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "19", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "8", + "914_to_1_523_m": "9", + "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "gas 232 km; liquid petroleum gas 4 km; oil 982 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "886 km", + "narrow_gauge": "886 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "17,289 km", + "paved": "864 km", + "unpaved": "16,425 km (2004)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "1,120 km (commercially navigable on Congo and Oubanqui rivers above Brazzaville; there are many ferries across the river to Kinshasa; the Congo south of Brazzaville-Kinshasa to the coast is not navigable because of rapids, thereby necessitating a rail connection to Pointe Noire; other rivers are used for local traffic only) (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "registered_in_other_countries": "1 (Democratic Republic of the Congo 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Pointe-Noire", + "river_ports": "Brazzaville (Congo); Impfondo (Oubangi); Ouesso (Sangha); Oyo (Alima)", + "oil_gas_terminals": "Djeno" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Congolese Armed Forces (Forces Armees Congolaises, FAC): Army (Armee de Terre), Navy, Congolese Air Force (Armee de l'Air Congolaise); Gendarmerie; Special Presidential Security Guard (GSSP) (2011)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; women can serve in the Armed Forces; no conscription (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "928,664", + "females_age_16_49": "914,265 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "577,944", + "females_age_16_49": "566,587 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "50,000", + "female": "49,641 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River with the Democratic Republic of the Congo is undefined except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "8,404 (Rwanda); 89,424 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (2012)", + "idps": "7,800 (multiple civil wars since 1992) (2009)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ci-cote-d-ivoire.json b/africa/ci-cote-d-ivoire.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a32841f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/ci-cote-d-ivoire.json @@ -0,0 +1,626 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Close ties to France following independence in 1960, the development of cocoa production for export, and foreign investment all made Cote d'Ivoire one of the most prosperous of the West African states but did not protect it from political turmoil. In December 1999, a military coup - the first ever in Cote d'Ivoire's history - overthrew the government. Junta leader Robert GUEI blatantly rigged elections held in late 2000 and declared himself the winner. Popular protest forced him to step aside and brought Laurent GBAGBO into power. Ivorian dissidents and disaffected members of the military launched a failed coup attempt in September 2002 that developed into a rebellion and then a civil war. The war ended in 2003 with a cease fire that left the country divided with the rebels holding the north, the government the south, and peacekeeping forces a buffer zone between the two. In March 2007, President GBAGBO and former New Forces rebel leader Guillaume SORO signed an agreement in which SORO joined GBAGBO's government as prime minister and the two agreed to reunite the country by dismantling the buffer zone, integrating rebel forces into the national armed forces, and holding elections. Difficulties in preparing electoral registers delayed balloting until 2010. In November 2010, Alassane Dramane OUATTARA won the presidential election over GBAGBO, but GBAGBO refused to hand over power, resulting in a five-month stand-off. In April 2011, after widespread fighting, GBAGBO was formally forced from office by armed OUATTARA supporters with the help of UN and French forces. Several thousand UN peacekeepers and several hundred French troops remain in Cote d'Ivoire to support the transition process. OUATTARA is focused on rebuilding the country's infrastructure and military after the five months of post-electoral fighting and faces ongoing threats from GBAGBO supporters, many of whom have sought shelter in Ghana. GBAGBO is in The Hague awaiting trial for crimes against humanity." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ghana and Liberia" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "8 00 N, 5 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "322,463 sq km", + "land": "318,003 sq km", + "water": "4,460 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly larger than New Mexico" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "3,110 km", + "border_countries": "Burkina Faso 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea 610 km, Liberia 716 km, Mali 532 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "515 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Gulf of Guinea 0 m", + "highest_point": "Monts Nimba 1,752 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper, gold, nickel, tantalum, silica sand, clay, cocoa beans, coffee, palm oil, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "8.99%", + "permanent_crops": "13.65%", + "other": "77.36% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "727.5 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "81.14 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "1.55 cu km/yr (41%/21%/38%)", + "per_capita": "83.07 cu m/yr (2008)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation (most of the country's forests - once the largest in West Africa - have been heavily logged); water pollution from sewage and industrial and agricultural effluents" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "most of the inhabitants live along the sandy coastal region; apart from the capital area, the forested interior is sparsely populated" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Ivoirian(s)", + "adjective": "Ivoirian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Akan 42.1%, Voltaiques or Gur 17.6%, Northern Mandes 16.5%, Krous 11%, Southern Mandes 10%, other 2.8% (includes 130,000 Lebanese and 14,000 French) (1998)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "French (official), 60 native dialects of which Dioula is the most widely spoken" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Muslim 38.6%, Christian 32.8%, indigenous 11.9%, none 16.7% (2008 est.)", + "note": "the majority of foreigners (migratory workers) are Muslim (70%) and Christian (20%)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "22,400,835 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "38.9% (male 4,393,005/female 4,319,967)", + "15_24_years": "21% (male 2,372,125/female 2,336,657)", + "25_54_years": "32.5% (male 3,737,464/female 3,549,600)", + "55_64_years": "4.4% (male 490,420/female 489,471)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.2% (male 347,211/female 364,915) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "80.2 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "74.5 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.7 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "17.5 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "20 years", + "male": "20.1 years", + "female": "19.9 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "29.83 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "9.8 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "51.3% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.56% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "ABIDJAN (seat of government) 4.288 million; YAMOUSSOUKRO (capital) 966,000 (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.96 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "19.7", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2005 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "400 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "61.66 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "68.06 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "55.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "57.66 years", + "male": "56.57 years", + "female": "58.78 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "3.73 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "18.2% (2012)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "5.3% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.14 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.4 beds/1,000 population (2006)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 91% of population; rural: 68% of population; total: 80% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 9% of population; rural: 32% of population; total: 20% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 36% of population; rural: 11% of population; total: 24% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 64% of population; rural: 89% of population; total: 76% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "3.4% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "450,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "36,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", + "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", + "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "6.2% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "29.4% (2007)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "4.6% of GDP (2008)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "56.9%", + "male": "65.6%", + "female": "47.6% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "6 years", + "male": "8 years", + "female": "5 years (2000)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "1,796,802", + "percentage": "35 % (2006 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Cote d'Ivoire", + "conventional_short_form": "Cote d'Ivoire", + "local_long_form": "Republique de Cote d'Ivoire", + "local_short_form": "Cote d'Ivoire", + "note": "pronounced coat-div-whar", + "former": "Ivory Coast" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic; multiparty presidential regime established 1960" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Yamoussoukro", + "geographic_coordinates": "6 49 N, 5 16 W", + "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "note": "although Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983, Abidjan remains the commercial and administrative center; the US, like other countries, maintains its Embassy in Abidjan" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "19 regions; Agneby, Bafing, Bas-Sassandra, Denguele, Dix-Huit Montagnes, Fromager, Haut-Sassandra, Lacs, Lagunes, Marahoue, Moyen-Cavally, Moyen-Comoe, N'zi-Comoe, Savanes, Sud-Bandama, Sud-Comoe, Vallee du Bandama, Worodougou, Zanzan" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "7 August 1960 (from France)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 7 August (1960)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "approved by referendum 23 July 2000" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the French civil code; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction under Article 12(3)of the Rome Statute" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Alassane Dramane OUATTARA (since 4 December 2010)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Daniel Kablan DUNCAN (since 21 November 2012)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 31 October and 28 November 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president", + "election_results": "Alassane OUATTARA elected president; percent of vote - Alassane OUATTARA 54.1%, Laurent GBAGBO 45.9%; note - President OUATTARA was declared winner by the election commission and took the oath of office on 4 December, Prime Minister SORO resigned from the incumbent administration and was subsequently appointed to the same position by OUATTARA; former president GBAGBO refused to cede resulting in a 5-month stand-off, he was finally forced to stand down in April 2011" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (225 seats; members elected in single- and multi-district elections by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "elections last held on 11 December 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - RDR 42.1%, PDCI 28.6%, UDPCI 3.1%, RDP 1.7%, other 24.5% ; seats by party - RDR 127, PDCI 76, UDPCI 7, RDP 4, other 4, independents 39" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into Judicial, Audit, Constitutional, and Administrative Chambers; consists of the court president, 3 vice-presidents for the Judicial, Audit, and Administrative chambers, and 9 associate justices or magistrates) note - recommendations for reform of the country's judicial system were announced in April 2012", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges nominated by the Superior Council of the Magistrature, a 7-member body consisting of the national president (chairman), 3 \"Bench\" judges, and 3 public prosecutors; judges appointed for life", + "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal (organized into civil, criminal, and social chambers); first instance courts; peace courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Citizen's Democratic Union or UDCY [Theodore MEL EG]; Democratic Liberty for the Republic or LIDER [Mamadou KOULIBALY]; Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire or PDCI [Henri Konan BEDIE]; Freedom and Democracy for the Republic or LIBRE [Mamadou KOULIBALY]; Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [Miaka OURETO]; Ivorian Worker's Party or PIT [Francois KOUABLAN]; Opposition Movement of the Future or MFA [Innocent Augustin ANAKY]; Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Alassane OUATTARA]; Union for Democracy and Peace in Cote d'Ivoire or UDPCI [Toikeuse MABRI]; over 144 smaller registered parties" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Federation of University and High School Students of Cote d'Ivoire or FESCI [Serges KOFFI]; National Congress for the Resistance and Democracy or CNRD [Bernard DADIE]; Rally of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace or RHDP [Alphonse DJEDJE MADY]; Young Patriots [Charles BLE GOUDE]" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Daouda DIABATE", + "chancery": "2424 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 797-0300", + "fax": "[1] (202) 462-9444" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Philip CARTER III", + "embassy": "Cocody Riviera Golf 01, Abidjan", + "mailing_address": "B. P. 1712, Abidjan 01", + "telephone": "[225] 22 49 40 00", + "fax": "[225] 22 49 43 32" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side), white, and green; orange symbolizes the land (savannah) of the north and fertility, white stands for peace and unity, green represents the forests of the south and the hope for a bright future", + "note": "similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and has the colors reversed - green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is green (hoist side), white, and red; design was based on the flag of France" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "elephant" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"L'Abidjanaise\" (Song of Abidjan)", + "lyrics_music": "Mathieu EKRA, Joachim BONY, and Pierre Marie COTY/Pierre Marie COTY and Pierre Michel PANGO", + "note": "adopted 1960; although the nation's capital city moved from Abidjan to Yamoussoukro in 1983, the anthem still owes its name to the former capital" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Cote d'Ivoire is heavily dependent on agriculture and related activities, which engage roughly 68% of the population. Cote d'Ivoire is the world's largest producer and exporter of cocoa beans and a significant producer and exporter of coffee and palm oil. Consequently, the economy is highly sensitive to fluctuations in international prices for these products, and, to a lesser extent, in climatic conditions. Cocoa, oil, and coffee are the country's top export revenue earners, but the country is also producing gold. Since the end of the civil war in 2003, political turmoil has continued to damage the economy, resulting in the loss of foreign investment and slow economic growth. In late 2011, Cote d'Ivoire's economy began to recover from a severe downturn of the first quarter of the year that was caused by widespread post-election fighting. In June 2012, the IMF and the World Bank announced $4.4 billion in debt relief for Cote d'Ivoire under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries Initiative. Cote d'Ivoire's long-term challenges include political instability and degrading infrastructure." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$41.01 billion (2012 est.); $37.34 billion (2011 est.); $39.19 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$24.63 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "9.8% (2012 est.); -4.7% (2011 est.); 2.4% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,800 (2012 est.); $1,600 (2011 est.); $1,800 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "74.2%", + "government_consumption": "8.4%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "15%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "42.1%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-39.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "26.6%", + "industry": "21.8%", + "services": "51.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "coffee, cocoa beans, bananas, palm kernels, corn, rice, cassava (manioc), sweet potatoes, sugar, cotton, rubber; timber" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining, gold mining, truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials, electricity" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "10% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "8.188 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "68%", + "industry_and_services": "NA% (2007 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "42% (2006 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.2%", + "highest_10%": "31.8% (2008)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "41.5 (2008); 36.7 (1995)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$5.002 billion", + "expenditures": "$6.062 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "20.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-4.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "43.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 71.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "1.3% (2012 est.); 5.1% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "4.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "4% (31 December 2012 est.); 4.3% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$7.525 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.198 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$11.01 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $9.065 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$6.708 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.671 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$6.288 billion (31 December 2011); $7.099 billion (31 December 2010); $6.141 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$1.08 billion (2012 est.); -$257.3 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$12.25 billion (2012 est.); $11.47 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "cocoa, coffee, timber, petroleum, cotton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil, fish" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 10.1%, Netherlands 9%, Germany 8.7%, Nigeria 7.4%, France 5.8%, Canada 4.4% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$8.589 billion (2012 est.); $7.916 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "fuel, capital equipment, foodstuffs" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Nigeria 18.9%, France 14.8%, China 9.9%, India 5.2% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$3.928 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.316 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$8.145 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $12.01 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -; 510.29 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "5.533 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "3.576 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "484 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "1.222 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "50.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "49.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "45,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "46,340 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "70,610 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "250 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "70,870 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "24,630 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "49,810 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "3,101 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "1.6 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "1.6 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "28.32 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "5.936 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "268,200 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "17.344 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "well-developed by African standards; telecommunications sector privatized in late 1990s and operational fixed-lines have increased since that time with two fixed-line providers operating over open-wire lines, microwave radio relay, and fiber-optics; 90% digitalized", + "domestic": "with multiple mobile-cellular service providers competing in the market, usage has increased sharply to roughly 80 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 225; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "2 state-owned TV stations; no private terrestrial TV stations, but satellite TV subscription service is available; 2 state-owned radio stations; some private radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".ci" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "9,115 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "967,300 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "27 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "7", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "20", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6", + "914_to_1_523_m": "11", + "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "1 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "condensate 101 km; gas 256 km; oil 118 km; oil/gas/water 5 km; water 7 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "660 km", + "narrow_gauge": "660 km 1.000-m gauge", + "note": "an additional 622 km of this railroad extends into Burkina Faso (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "81,996 km", + "paved": "6,502 km", + "unpaved": "75,494 km", + "note": "includes intercity and urban roads; another 20,000 km of dirt roads are in poor condition and 150,000 km of dirt roads are impassable (2007)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal lagoons) (2011)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Abidjan, San-Pedro", + "oil_gas_terminals": "Espoir Offshore Terminal" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Republican Forces of Cote d'Ivoire (Force Republiques de Cote d'Ivoire, FRCI): Army, Navy, Cote d'Ivoire Air Force (Force Aerienne de la Cote d'Ivoire)", + "note": "FRCI is the former Armed Forces of the New Forces (FAFN) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-25 years of age for compulsory and voluntary male and female military service; conscription is not enforced; voluntary recruitment of former rebels into the new national army is restricted to ages 22-29 (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "5,247,522", + "females_age_16_49": "5,047,901 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "3,360,087", + "females_age_16_49": "3,196,033 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "247,011", + "female": "242,958 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2009)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "disputed maritime border between Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "9,126 (Liberia) (2012)", + "idps": "40,000 - 80,000 (post-election conflict in 2010-2011, as well as civil war from 2002-2004; most pronounced in western and southwestern regions) (2011)", + "stateless_persons": "700,000 (2012); note - many Ivoirians have documentation problems; birth on Ivorian soil does not automatically result in citizenship; disputes over citizenship and the associated rights of the large population descended from migrants from neighboring countries is an ongoing source of tension and contributed to the country's 2002 civil war; some observers believe the government's mass naturalizations of thousands of people over the last couple of years is intended to boost its electoral support base" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for local consumption; utility as a narcotic transshipment point to Europe reduced by ongoing political instability; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leave the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center (2008)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/cm-cameroon.json b/africa/cm-cameroon.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..841c7896 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/cm-cameroon.json @@ -0,0 +1,612 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "French Cameroon became independent in 1960 as the Republic of Cameroon. The following year the southern portion of neighboring British Cameroon voted to merge with the new country to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon. In 1972, a new constitution replaced the federation with a unitary state, the United Republic of Cameroon. The country has generally enjoyed stability, which has permitted the development of agriculture, roads, and railways, as well as a petroleum industry. Despite slow movement toward democratic reform, political power remains firmly in the hands of President Paul BIYA." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "6 00 N, 12 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "475,440 sq km", + "land": "472,710 sq km", + "water": "2,730 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly larger than California" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "4,591 km", + "border_countries": "Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "402 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Fako 4,095 m (on Mt. Cameroon)" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "13.04%", + "permanent_crops": "2.94%", + "other": "84.01% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "256.5 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "285.5 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.97 cu km/yr (23%/10%/68%)", + "per_capita": "58.9 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes", + "volcanism": "Mt. Cameroon (elev. 4,095 m), which last erupted in 2000, is the most frequently active volcano in West Africa; lakes in Oku volcanic field have released fatal levels of gas on occasion, killing some 1,700 people in 1986" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "waterborne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; poaching; overfishing" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa; throughout the country there are areas of thermal springs and indications of current or prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest mountain in Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Cameroonian(s)", + "adjective": "Cameroonian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "20,549,221 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "40% (male 4,151,140/female 4,076,797)", + "15_24_years": "20.3% (male 2,107,067/female 2,066,718)", + "25_54_years": "31.9% (male 3,317,740/female 3,240,609)", + "55_64_years": "4.3% (male 419,751/female 468,077)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.4% (male 319,597/female 381,725) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "85.8 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "79.8 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "16.7 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "19.7 years", + "male": "19.6 years", + "female": "19.8 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.04% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "31.93 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "11.51 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "52.1% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.23% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "YAOUNDE (capital) 2.432 million; Douala 2.053 million (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.84 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "19.4 (2004 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "690 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "58.51 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "62.92 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "53.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "55.02 years", + "male": "54.1 years", + "female": "55.95 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "23.4% (2011)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "5.1% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.19 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.3 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 52% of population; total: 77% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 48% of population; total: 23% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 58% of population; rural: 36% of population; total: 49% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 42% of population; rural: 64% of population; total: 51% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "5.3% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "610,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "37,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "10.3% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "16.6% (2006)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "3.2% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "71.3%", + "male": "78.3%", + "female": "64.8% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "12 years", + "male": "12 years", + "female": "11 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "1,396,281", + "percentage": "31 % (2006 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Cameroon", + "conventional_short_form": "Cameroon", + "local_long_form": "Republique du Cameroun/Republic of Cameroon", + "local_short_form": "Cameroun/Cameroon", + "former": "French Cameroon, British Cameroon, Federal Republic of Cameroon, United Republic of Cameroon" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic; multiparty presidential regime" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Yaounde", + "geographic_coordinates": "3 52 N, 11 31 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "10 regions (regions, singular - region); Adamaoua, Centre, East (Est), Far North (Extreme-Nord), Littoral, North (Nord), North-West (Nord-Ouest), West (Ouest), South (Sud), South-West (Sud-Ouest)" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Republic Day (National Day), 20 May (1972)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "approved by referendum 20 May 1972; adopted 2 June 1972; revised January 1996; amended April 2008" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, French civil law, and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "20 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Philemon YANG (since 30 June 2009)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president from proposals submitted by the prime minister", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (with no term limits per 2008 constitutional amendment); election last held on 9 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2018); prime minister appointed by the president", + "election_results": "President Paul BIYA reelected; percent of vote - Paul BIYA 78.0%, John FRU NDI 10.7%, Garga Haman ADJI 3.2%, Adamou Ndam NJOYA 1.7%, Paul Abine AYAH 1.3%, other 5.1%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - the president can either lengthen or shorten the term of the legislature", + "elections": "last held on 22 July 2007 (next to be held on 30 September 2013)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 140, SDF 14, UDC 4, UNDP 4, MP 1, vacant 17", + "note": "the constitution calls for an upper chamber for the legislature, to be called a Senate, but it has yet to be established" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Cameroon (consists of 9 titular and 6 surrogate judges and organized into judicial, administrative, and audit chambers); Constitutional Council (consists of 11 members)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president with the advice of the Higher Judicial Council of Cameroon (a body chaired by the president and includes the minister of justice, selected magistrates, and representatives of the National Assembly); judge term NA; Constitutional Council members appointed by the president for single 9-year terms", + "subordinate_courts": "Parliamentary Court of Justice (jurisdiction limited to cases involving the president and prime minister); appellate and first instance courts; circuit and magistrate's courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or CPDM [Paul BIYA]; Cameroon People's Party [Edith Kah WALLA]; Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA]; Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]; Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [Marcel YONDO]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]; Progressive Movement or MP; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]; Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [Augustin Frederic KODOCK]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Human Rights Defense Group [Albert MUKONG, president]; Southern Cameroon National Council [Ayamba Ette OTUN]" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Joseph FOE-ATANGANA", + "chancery": "2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008; current temporary address - 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 265-8790", + "fax": "[1] (202) 387-3826" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Robert P. JACKSON", + "embassy": "Avenue Rosa Parks, Yaounde", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 817, Yaounde; pouch: American Embassy, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520", + "telephone": "[237] 2220 15 00; Consular: [237] 2220 16 03", + "fax": "[237] 2220 15 00 Ext. 4531; Consular FAX: [237] 2220 17 52", + "branch_offices": "Douala" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow, with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; the vertical tricolor recalls the flag of France; red symbolizes unity, yellow the sun, happiness, and the savannahs in the north, and green hope and the forests in the south; the star is referred to as the \"star of unity\"", + "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "lion" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"O Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancetres\" (O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers)", + "lyrics_music": "Rene Djam AFAME, Samuel Minkio BAMBA, Moise Nyatte NKO'O [French], Benard Nsokika FONLON [English]/Rene Djam AFAME", + "note": "adopted 1957; Cameroon's anthem, also known as \"Chant de Ralliement\" (The Rallying Song), has been used unofficially since 1948 and officially adopted in 1957; the anthem has French and English versions whose lyrics differ" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Because of its modest oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions, Cameroon has one of the best-endowed primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces many of the serious problems confronting other underdeveloped countries, such as stagnant per capita income, a relatively inequitable distribution of income, a top-heavy civil service, endemic corruption, and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. Since 1990, the government has embarked on various IMF and World Bank programs designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, improve trade, and recapitalize the nation's banks. The IMF is pressing for more reforms, including increased budget transparency, privatization, and poverty reduction programs. Subsidies for electricity, food, and fuel have strained the budget. Cameroon recently began several large infrastructure projects, including a deep sea port in Kribi, a natural gas powered electricity generating plant, and several hydroelectric dams. Cameroon must attract more investment to improve its inadequate infrastructure, but its business environment is a deterrent to foreign investment." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$51.61 billion (2012 est.); $49.27 billion (2011 est.); $47.33 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$25.01 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "4.7% (2012 est.); 4.1% (2011 est.); 3.3% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$2,400 (2012 est.); $2,400 (2011 est.); $2,300 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "20.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 19.8% of GDP (2011 est.); 16.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "67.1%", + "government_consumption": "16.2%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.9%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "30.5%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-34.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "20.7%", + "industry": "27.7%", + "services": "51.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, cassava (manioc); livestock; timber" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "petroleum production and refining, aluminum production, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "5.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "8.246 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "70%", + "industry": "13%", + "services": "17% (2001 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "30% (2001 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "48% (2000 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.3%", + "highest_10%": "35.4% (2001)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "44.6 (2001); 47.7 (1996)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$4.741 billion", + "expenditures": "$5.73 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "19% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "16% of GDP (2012 est.); 14.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 July - 30 June" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "2.9% (2012 est.); 2.9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "14% (31 December 2012 est.); 14% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$3.484 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.514 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$6.279 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.66 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$2.758 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.523 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$230 million (31 December 2012 est.)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$946.4 million (2012 est.); -$1.365 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$6.025 billion (2012 est.); $5.488 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "China 14.8%, Netherlands 9.5%, Spain 8.8%, India 8.4%, Portugal 7.9%, Italy 5.9%, US 5.3% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$6.559 billion (2012 est.); $6.06 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 18.9%, France 15%, Nigeria 12.1%, Belgium 5.2%, US 4.4%, India 4.2% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$3.431 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.245 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$3.208 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.074 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "5.589 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "5.049 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "1.115 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "27.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "72.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "61,580 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "64,740 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "32,490 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "200 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "42,520 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "29,410 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "17,470 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "5,715 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "20 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "20 million cu m (2009 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "135.1 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "7.361 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "669,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "10.486 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "system includes cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter; Camtel, the monopoly provider of fixed-line service, provides connections for only about 3 per 100 persons; equipment is old and outdated, and connections with many parts of the country are unreliable", + "domestic": "mobile-cellular usage, in part a reflection of the poor condition and general inadequacy of the fixed-line network, has increased sharply, reaching a subscribership base of 50 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 237; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "government maintains tight control over broadcast media; state-owned Cameroon Radio Television (CRTV), broadcasting on both a TV and radio network, was the only officially recognized and fully licensed broadcaster until August 2007 when the government finally issued licenses to 2 private TV broadcasters and 1 private radio broadcaster; about 70 privately owned, unlicensed radio stations operating but are subject to closure at any time; foreign news services required to partner with state-owned national station (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".cm" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "10,207 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "749,600 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "33 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "11", + "over_3_047_m": "2", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "5", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "22", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", + "914_to_1_523_m": "10", + "under_914_m": "8 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "gas 53 km; liquid petroleum gas 5 km; oil 1,107 km; water 35 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "1,245 km", + "narrow_gauge": "1,245 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "50,000 km", + "paved": "5,000 km", + "unpaved": "45,000 km", + "note": "there are 28,857 km of national roads (2008)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "(major rivers in the south, such as the Wouri and the Sanaga, are largely non-navigable; in the north, the Benue, which connects through Nigeria to the Niger River, is navigable in the rainy season only to the port of Garoua) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "river_ports": "Douala (Wouri); Garoua (Benoue)", + "oil_gas_terminals": "Limboh Terminal" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Cameroon Armed Forces (Forces Armees Camerounaises, FAC), Army (L'Armee de Terre), Navy (Marine Nationale Republique (MNR), includes naval infantry), Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Cameroun, AAC), Fire Fighter Corps, Gendarmerie (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-23 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; high school graduation required; service obligation 4 years; the government makes periodic calls for volunteers (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "4,667,251", + "females_age_16_49": "4,548,909 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,794,998", + "females_age_16_49": "2,718,110 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "215,248", + "female": "211,636 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2009)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Joint Border Commission with Nigeria reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a full phase-out of Nigerian control and patriation of residents in 2008; Cameroon and Nigeria agreed on maritime delimitation in March 2008; sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "91,378 (Central African Republic) (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/cv-cape-verde.json b/africa/cv-cape-verde.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5e5ef4f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/cv-cape-verde.json @@ -0,0 +1,574 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century; Cape Verde subsequently became a trading center for African slaves and later an important coaling and resupply stop for whaling and transatlantic shipping. Following independence in 1975, and a tentative interest in unification with Guinea-Bissau, a one-party system was established and maintained until multi-party elections were held in 1990. Cape Verde continues to exhibit one of Africa's most stable democratic governments. Repeated droughts during the second half of the 20th century caused significant hardship and prompted heavy emigration. As a result, Cape Verde's expatriate population is greater than its domestic one. Most Cape Verdeans have both African and Portuguese antecedents." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "16 00 N, 24 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "4,033 sq km", + "land": "4,033 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly larger than Rhode Island" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "965 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines", + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and erratic" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Mt. Fogo 2,829 m (a volcano on Fogo Island)" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish, clay, gypsum" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "11.66%", + "permanent_crops": "0.74%", + "other": "87.59% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "34.76 sq km (2004)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "0.3 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.02 cu km/yr (6%/1%/93%)", + "per_capita": "48.57 cu m/yr (2004)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active", + "volcanism": "Fogo (elev. 2,829 m), which last erupted in 1995, is Cape Verde's only active volcano" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "soil erosion; deforestation due to demand for wood used as fuel; water shortages; desertification; environmental damage has threatened several species of birds and reptiles; illegal beach sand extraction; overfishing" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Cape Verdean(s)", + "adjective": "Cape Verdean" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Portuguese (official), Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs), Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "531,046 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "31.2% (male 83,355/female 82,503)", + "15_24_years": "21.8% (male 57,825/female 57,842)", + "25_54_years": "37.3% (male 95,970/female 102,217)", + "55_64_years": "4.5% (male 9,766/female 13,910)", + "65_years_and_over": "5.2% (male 10,416/female 17,242) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "53.5 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "45.3 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "8.2 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "12.2 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "23.5 years", + "male": "22.7 years", + "female": "24.4 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.41% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "20.96 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "6.22 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-0.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "62.6% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "2.12% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "PRAIA (capital) 132,000 (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.71 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.6 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "19.5", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2005 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "79 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "25.13 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "28.78 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "21.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "71.28 years", + "male": "69.05 years", + "female": "73.58 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.39 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "61.3% (2005)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "4.1% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.57 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "2.1 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 90% of population; rural: 85% of population; total: 88% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 10% of population; rural: 15% of population; total: 12% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 73% of population; rural: 43% of population; total: 61% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 27% of population; rural: 57% of population; total: 39% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.04% (2001 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "775 (2001)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "225 (as of 2001)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "10% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "5.6% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "84.9%", + "male": "89.7%", + "female": "80.3% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "13 years", + "male": "13 years", + "female": "13 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "1,948", + "percentage": "3 %", + "note": "data represents children ages 10-14 (2001 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Cape Verde", + "conventional_short_form": "Cape Verde", + "local_long_form": "Republica de Cabo Verde", + "local_short_form": "Cabo Verde" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Praia", + "geographic_coordinates": "14 55 N, 23 31 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-1 (4 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "22 municipalities (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Porto Novo, Praia, Ribeira Brava, Ribeira Grande, Ribeira Grande de Santiago, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina do Fogo, Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Filipe, Sao Lourenco dos Orgaos, Sao Miguel, Sao Salvador do Mundo, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal, Tarrafal de Sao Nicolau" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "5 July 1975 (from Portugal)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 5 July (1975)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "25 September 1992; a major revision on 23 November 1995 substantially increased the powers of the president; a 1999 revision created the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system of Portugal" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Jorge Carlos FONSECA (since 9 September 2011)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (since 1 February 2001)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 August 2011 with a second round runoff on 21 August 2011; prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president", + "election_results": "percent of vote (second round) - Jorge Carlos FONSECA 53.4%, Manuel Inocencio SOUSA 46.6%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 6 February 2011 (next to be held by 2016)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PAICV 38, MPD 32, UCID 2" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief justice and at least 5 judges)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointments - 1 by the president of the republic, 1 elected by the National Assembly, and the remainder by the Supreme Council of Magistrates, a 9-member independent body presided over by the chief justice and includes the high judicial inspector, 2 presidential appointees, 3 elected by the National Assembly, and 2 by their court peers; chief justice appointed by the president of the republic from among peers of the Supreme Court and in consultation with the Supreme Council of the Magistrates; judge tenure NA", + "subordinate_courts": "first instance (municipal) courts; audit, military, and fiscal and customs courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria Pereira NEVES, chairman]; Democratic and Independent Cape Verdean Union or UCID [Antonio MONTEIRO]; Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES]; Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Victor FIDALGO]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Carlos VEIGA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Anibal MEDINA]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "other": "environmentalists; political pressure groups" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CPLP, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Maria De Fatima Lima Da VEIGA", + "chancery": "3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 965-6820", + "fax": "[1] (202) 965-1207", + "consulates_general": "Boston" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Adrienne O'NEAL", + "embassy": "Rua Abilio Macedo 6, Praia", + "mailing_address": "C. P. 201, Praia", + "telephone": "[238] 2-60-89-00", + "fax": "[238] 2-61-13-55" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "five unequal horizontal bands; the top-most band of blue - equal to one half the width of the flag - is followed by three bands of white, red, and white, each equal to 1/12 of the width, and a bottom stripe of blue equal to one quarter of the flag width; a circle of 10, yellow, five-pointed stars is centered on the red stripe and positioned 3/8 of the length of the flag from the hoist side; blue stands for the sea and the sky, the circle of stars represents the 10 major islands united into a nation, the stripes symbolize the road to formation of the country through peace (white) and effort (red)" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Cantico da Liberdade\" (Song of Freedom)", + "lyrics_music": "Amilcar Spencer LOPES/Adalberto Higino Tavares SILVA", + "note": "adopted 1996" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "The economy is service-oriented with commerce, transport, tourism, and public services accounting for about three-fourths of GDP. This island economy suffers from a poor natural resource base, including serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought and poor soil for agriculture on several of the islands. Although about 40% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of food production in GDP is low. About 82% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit financed by foreign aid and remittances from its large pool of emigrants; remittances supplement GDP by more than 20%. Despite the lack of resources, sound economic management has produced steadily improving incomes. Continued economic reforms are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy and mitigate high unemployment. Future prospects depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, the encouragement of tourism, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program. Cape Verde became a member of the WTO in July 2008." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$2.214 billion (2012 est.); $2.123 billion (2011 est.); $2.02 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$1.899 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "4.3% (2012 est.); 5% (2011 est.); 5.2% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$4,200 (2012 est.); $4,100 (2011 est.); $3,900 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "23.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 21.4% of GDP (2011 est.); 25% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "66.6%", + "government_consumption": "18.9%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "34.2%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "44%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-63.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "10.1%", + "industry": "17.7%", + "services": "72.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "196,100 (2007)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "21% (2000 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "30% (2000)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "1.9%", + "highest_10%": "40.6% (2001)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$435.8 million", + "expenditures": "$588.4 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "22.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-8% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "86.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 78.1% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "2.5% (2012 est.); 4.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "7.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 7.5% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "9.9% (31 December 2012 est.); 9.81% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$976.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $893.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$1.362 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.322 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$1.517 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.426 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$257.9 million (2012 est.); -$287.8 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$184 million (2012 est.); $211 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "fuel, shoes, garments, fish, hides" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Spain 66.6%, Portugal 13.9%, US 5% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$902 million (2012 est.); $1.06 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Portugal 38%, Netherlands 21.4%, China 7.9%, Spain 7% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$376 million (31 December 2012 est.); $339 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$1.136 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.025 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Cape Verdean escudos (CVE) per US dollar -; 85.822 (2012 est.); 79.323 (2011 est.); 83.259 (2010 est.); 79.38 (2009); 73.84 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "277 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "257.6 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "89,800 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "96.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "3.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "2,608 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "2,407 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "271,400 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "74,500 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "396,400 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "effective system, extensive modernization from 1996-2000 following partial privatization in 1995", + "domestic": "major service provider is Cabo Verde Telecom (CVT); fiber-optic ring, completed in 2001, links all islands providing Internet access and ISDN services; cellular service introduced in 1998; broadband services launched in 2004", + "international": "country code - 238; landing point for the Atlantis-2 fiber-optic transatlantic telephone cable that provides links to South America, Senegal, and Europe; HF radiotelephone to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state-run TV and radio broadcast network plus a growing number of private broadcasters; Portuguese public TV and radio services for Africa are available; transmissions of a few international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".cv" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "38 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "150,000 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "9 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "9", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", + "914_to_1_523_m": "3", + "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "1,350 km", + "paved": "932 km", + "unpaved": "418 km (2000)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "13", + "by_type": "cargo 3, chemical tanker 2, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 1", + "foreign_owned": "3 (Greece 1, Spain 1, UK 1)", + "registered_in_other_countries": "1 (unknown 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Porto Grande" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Armed Forces: Army (also called the National Guard, GN), Cape Verde Coast Guard (Guardia Costeira de Cabo Verde, GCCV; includes naval infantry) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-35 years of age for male and female selective compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years; 17 years of age for voluntary service (with parental consent) (2013)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "132,087", + "females_age_16_49": "136,956 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "106,864", + "females_age_16_49": "117,518 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "6,029", + "female": "6,026 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.4% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "none" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "used as a transshipment point for Latin American cocaine destined for Western Europe, particularly because of Lusophone links to Brazil, Portugal, and Guinea-Bissau; has taken steps to deter drug money laundering, including a 2002 anti-money laundering reform that criminalizes laundering the proceeds of narcotics trafficking and other crimes and the establishment in 2008 of a Financial Intelligence Unit (2008)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/dj-djibouti.json b/africa/dj-djibouti.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..89e6c126 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/dj-djibouti.json @@ -0,0 +1,588 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. Hassan Gouled APTIDON installed an authoritarian one-party state and proceeded to serve as president until 1999. Unrest among the Afar minority during the 1990s led to a civil war that ended in 2001 with a peace accord between Afar rebels and the Somali Issa-dominated government. In 1999, Djibouti's first multiparty presidential elections resulted in the election of Ismail Omar GUELLEH as president; he was reelected to a second term in 2005 and extended his tenure in office via a constitutional amendment, which allowed him to begin a third term in 2011. Djibouti occupies a strategic geographic location at the intersection of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden and serves as an important shipping portal for goods entering and leaving the east African highlands and transshipments between Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. The government holds longstanding ties to France, which maintains a significant military presence in the country, and has strong ties with the United States. Djibouti hosts several thousand members of US armed services at US-run Camp Lemonnier." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "11 30 N, 43 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "23,200 sq km", + "land": "23,180 sq km", + "water": "20 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Massachusetts" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "516 km", + "border_countries": "Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "314 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "desert; torrid, dry" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Lac Assal -155 m", + "highest_point": "Moussa Ali 2,028 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "potential geothermal power, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "0.09%", + "permanent_crops": "0%", + "other": "99.91% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "10.12 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "0.3 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.02 cu km/yr (84%/0%/16%)", + "per_capita": "24.84 cu m/yr (2000)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods", + "volcanism": "experiences limited volcanic activity; Ardoukoba (elev. 298 m) last erupted in 1978; Manda-Inakir, located along the Ethiopian border, is also historically active" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "inadequate supplies of potable water; limited arable land; desertification; endangered species" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa and the saltiest lake in the world" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Djiboutian(s)", + "adjective": "Djiboutian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Somali 60%, Afar 35%, other 5% (includes French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Muslim 94%, Christian 6%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "792,198 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "33.6% (male 133,401/female 132,836)", + "15_24_years": "22% (male 82,174/female 92,321)", + "25_54_years": "36.3% (male 119,588/female 167,711)", + "55_64_years": "4.6% (male 17,416/female 19,269)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.5% (male 12,352/female 15,130) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "60.5 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "54.1 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.4 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "15.7 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "22.4 years", + "male": "20.8 years", + "female": "23.7 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.26% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "24.5 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "7.96 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "6.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "77.1% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.96% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "DJIBOUTI (capital) 496,000 (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.89 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.72 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.92 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.82 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.86 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "200 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "51.77 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "59.2 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "44.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "61.99 years", + "male": "59.52 years", + "female": "64.52 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.55 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "17.8% (2006)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "7.2% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.23 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 54% of population; total: 88% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 46% of population; total: 12% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 63% of population; rural: 10% of population; total: 50% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 37% of population; rural: 90% of population; total: 50% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "2.5% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "14,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "1,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever", + "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "9.4% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "29.6% (2006)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "8.4% of GDP (2007)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "67.9%", + "male": "78%", + "female": "58.4% (2003 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "6 years", + "male": "6 years", + "female": "5 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "13,176", + "percentage": "8 % (2006 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Djibouti", + "conventional_short_form": "Djibouti", + "local_long_form": "Republique de Djibouti/Jumhuriyat Jibuti", + "local_short_form": "Djibouti/Jibuti", + "former": "French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Djibouti", + "geographic_coordinates": "11 35 N, 43 09 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "6 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); Ali Sabieh, Arta, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjourah" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "27 June 1977 (from France)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 27 June (1977)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "approved by referendum 4 September 1992; note - constitution allows for multiple parties" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system based primarily on the French civil code (as it existed in 1997), Islamic religious law (in matters of family law and successions), and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Ismail Omar GUELLEH (since 8 May 1999)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Abdoulkader Kamil MOHAMED (since 1 April 2013)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers responsible to the president", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; president is eligible to hold office until age 75; election last held on 8 April 2011 (next to be held by 2016); prime minister appointed by the president", + "election_results": "Ismail Omar GUELLEH reelected president for a third term; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH 80.6%, Mohamed Warsama RAGUEH 19.4%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - constitutional amendments in 2010 provided for the establishment of a senate", + "elections": "last held on 22 February 2013 (next to be held in 2018)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats - UMP (coalition of parties associated with President Ismail Omar GUELLEH) 49, USN 16" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA magistrates); Constitutional Council (consists of 6 magistrates)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court magistrates appointed by the president with the advice of the Superior Council of the Magistracy; magistrates appointed for life with retirement at age 65; Constitutional magistrates - 2 appointed by the president, 2 by the president of the National Assembly, and 2 by High Council of the Judiciary; magistrates appointed for 8-year, non-renewable terms", + "subordinate_courts": "High Court of Appeal; 5 Courts of First Instance; customary courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; Djibouti Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]; Movement for Development and Liberty or MODEL [Sheikh Guirreh MEIDAL]; People's Rally for Progress or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party); Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin Bahdon FARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed YOUSSOUF]; Union for a Presidential Majority or UMP [Mohamed Dileita DILEITA] (a coalition of parties including RPP, FRUD, PND, and PPSD); Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ; Union for National Salvation or USN (an umbrella coalition comprising PRD, PDD, MODEL, ARD, and UDJ)" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Roble OLHAYE Oudine", + "chancery": "Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 331-0270", + "fax": "[1] (202) 331-0302" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Geeta PASI", + "embassy": "Lot 350-B, Haramouss, Djibouti", + "mailing_address": "B. P. 185, Djibouti", + "telephone": "[253] 21 45 30 00", + "fax": "[253] 21 45 30 20" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center; blue stands for sea and sky and the Issa Somali people; green symbolizes earth and the Afar people; white represents peace; the red star recalls the struggle for independence and stands for unity" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Jabuuti\" (Djibouti)", + "lyrics_music": "Aden ELMI/Abdi ROBLEH", + "note": "adopted 1977" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Djibouti's economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in the Horn of Africa. Three-fourths of Djibouti's inhabitants live in the capital city; the remainder are mostly nomadic herders. Scant rainfall limits crop production to small quantities of fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. Imports, exports, and re-exports - primarily of coffee from landlocked neighbor Ethiopia - represent 70% of port activity at Djibouti's container terminal. Djibouti has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of nearly 60% continues to be a major problem. While inflation is not a concern, due to the fixed tie of the Djiboutian franc to the US dollar, the artificially high value of the Djiboutian franc adversely affects Djibouti's balance of payments. Djibouti holds foreign reserves amounting to less than six months of import coverage. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% between 1999 and 2006 because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Djibouti has experienced relatively minimal impact from the global economic downturn, but its reliance on diesel-generated electricity and imported food leave average consumers vulnerable to global price shocks. Djibouti in 2012 began construction of a third port to secure its position as a critical transshipment hub in the Horn of Africa and the principal conduit for Ethiopia's trade. Djibouti also received funding in late 2012 for a desalination plant to begin address the severe freshwater shortage affecting Djibouti City, and particularly its poorest residents." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$2.418 billion (2012 est.); $2.307 billion (2011 est.); $2.208 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$1.354 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "4.8% (2012 est.); 4.5% (2011 est.); 3.5% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$2,700 (2012 est.); $2,700 (2011 est.); $2,600 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "13.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 16.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 34.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "58%", + "government_consumption": "25.2%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "31.1%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "39.3%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-54.1% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "3.1%", + "industry": "16.9%", + "services": "80% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels, animal hides" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "construction, agricultural processing" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "4.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "351,700 (2007)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "NA%", + "industry": "NA%", + "services": "NA%" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "59% (2007 est.)", + "note": "data are for urban areas, 83% in rural areas" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "42% (2007 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.4%", + "highest_10%": "30.9% (2002)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$465.9 million", + "expenditures": "$503 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "34.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-2.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "3.8% (2012 est.); 4.4% (2011 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "10% (31 December 2012 est.); 10.61% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$780.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $692.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$1.158 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.008 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$473.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $426.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "$4.2 million (2012 est.); $33 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$87.1 million (2012 est.); $85 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit)" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Somalia 78.4%, Egypt 5.3%, UAE 4%, Yemen 4% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$579.5 million (2012 est.); $510.6 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 24.4%, Saudi Arabia 16.1%, India 10.6%, Indonesia 7.3%, Pakistan 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$772.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $767 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$510.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $410.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Djiboutian francs (DJF) per US dollar -; 177.72 (2012 est.); 177.72 (2011 est.); 177.72 (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "350 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "325.5 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "130,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "12,460 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "19.18 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "7,987 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "2.352 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "18,400 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "193,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate, as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country", + "domestic": "Djibouti Telecom is the sole provider of telecommunications services and utilizes mostly a microwave radio relay network; fiber-optic cable is installed in the capital; rural areas connected via wireless local loop radio systems; mobile cellular coverage is primarily limited to the area in and around Djibouti city", + "international": "country code - 253; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 and EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable systems providing links to Asia, the Middle East, Europe and North America; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Indian Ocean and 1 Arabsat); Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network (2009)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state-owned Radiodiffusion-Television de Djibouti (RTD) operates the sole terrestrial TV station as well as the only 2 domestic radio networks; no private TV or radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".dj" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "215 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "25,900 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "13 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "3", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "10", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "7", + "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "100 km (Djibouti segment of the 781 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway)", + "narrow_gauge": "100 km 1.000-m gauge", + "note": "railway is under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia but is largely inoperable (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "3,065 km", + "paved": "1,226 km", + "unpaved": "1,839 km (2000)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Djibouti" + }, + "transportation_note": { + "text": "while attacks decreased significantly in 2012, the International Maritime Bureau reports offshore waters in the Gulf of Aden remain a high risk for piracy; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, contributed to the drop in incidents" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Djibouti Armed Forces (Forces Armees Djiboutiennes, FAD): Djibouti National Army (includes Navy, Djiboutian Air Force (Force Aerienne Djiboutienne, FAD), National Gendarmerie (GN)) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; 16-25 years of age for voluntary military training; no conscription (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "170,386", + "females_age_16_49": "221,411 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "114,557", + "females_age_16_49": "154,173 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "8,360", + "female": "8,602 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "3.6% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Djibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with \"Somaliland\" leadership while maintaining some political ties to various factions in Somalia; Kuwait is chief investor in the 2008 restoration and upgrade of the Ethiopian-Djibouti rail link; in 2008, Eritrean troops moved across the border on Ras Doumera peninsula and occupied Doumera Island with undefined sovereignty in the Red Sea" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "18,725 (Somalia) (2013)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Djibouti is a transit, source, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; economic migrants from East Africa en route to Yemen and other Middle East locations are vulnerable to exploitation in Djibouti; some woman and girls may be forced into domestic servitude or prostitution after reaching Djibouti City, the Ethiopian-Djiboutian trucking corridor, or Obock - the main crossing point into Yemen; Djiboutian and foreign children may be forced to beg, to work as domestic servants, or to commit theft and other petty crimes", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Djibouti does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; outside of child prostitution, the government fails to investigate or prosecute any other trafficking offenses, including those allegedly committed by complicit officials; it has made no attempt to implement the protection or prevention components of its anti-trafficking law, and its working group on trafficking was inactive in 2012; a draft national action plan against human trafficking remains incomplete (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/eg-egypt.json b/africa/eg-egypt.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..61a2017a --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/eg-egypt.json @@ -0,0 +1,635 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The regularity and richness of the annual Nile River flood, coupled with semi-isolation provided by deserts to the east and west, allowed for the development of one of the world's great civilizations. A unified kingdom arose circa 3200 B.C., and a series of dynasties ruled in Egypt for the next three millennia. The last native dynasty fell to the Persians in 341 B.C., who in turn were replaced by the Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines. It was the Arabs who introduced Islam and the Arabic language in the 7th century and who ruled for the next six centuries. A local military caste, the Mamluks took control about 1250 and continued to govern after the conquest of Egypt by the Ottoman Turks in 1517. Completion of the Suez Canal in 1869 elevated Egypt as an important world transportation hub. Ostensibly to protect its investments, Britain seized control of Egypt's government in 1882, but nominal allegiance to the Ottoman Empire continued until 1914. Partially independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty from Britain in 1952. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population (the largest in the Arab world), limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress society. The government has struggled to meet the demands of Egypt's population through economic reform and massive investment in communications and physical infrastructure. Inspired by the 2010 Tunisian revolution, Egyptian opposition groups led demonstrations and labor strikes countrywide, culminating in President Hosni MUBARAK's ouster. Egypt's military assumed national leadership until a new parliament was in place in early 2012. That same year, Mohammed MURSI won the presidential election and a new constitution was affirmed. In July 2013, the military ousted MURSI and he was replaced by interim president Adly MANSOUR." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "27 00 N, 30 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "1,001,450 sq km", + "land": "995,450 sq km", + "water": "6,000 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "2,665 km", + "border_countries": "Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 266 km, Libya 1,115 km, Sudan 1,273 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "2,450 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Qattara Depression -133 m", + "highest_point": "Mount Catherine 2,629 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, rare earth elements, zinc" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "2.87%", + "permanent_crops": "0.79%", + "other": "96.34% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "34,220 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "57.3 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "68.3 cu km/yr (8%/6%/86%)", + "per_capita": "973.3 cu m/yr (2000)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes; flash floods; landslides; hot, driving windstorms called khamsin occur in spring; dust storms; sandstorms" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands; increasing soil salination below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution threatening coral reefs, beaches, and marine habitats; other water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents; limited natural freshwater resources away from the Nile, which is the only perennial water source; rapid growth in population overstraining the Nile and natural resources" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "controls Sinai Peninsula, only land bridge between Africa and remainder of Eastern Hemisphere; controls Suez Canal, a sea link between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; size, and juxtaposition to Israel, establish its major role in Middle Eastern geopolitics; dependence on upstream neighbors; dominance of Nile basin issues; prone to influxes of refugees from Sudan and the Palestinian territories" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Egyptian(s)", + "adjective": "Egyptian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Egyptian 99.6%, other 0.4% (2006 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Muslim (mostly Sunni) 90%, Coptic 9%, other Christian 1%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "85,294,388 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "32.3% (male 14,100,807/female 13,474,763)", + "15_24_years": "18% (male 7,861,197/female 7,471,045)", + "25_54_years": "38.3% (male 16,565,411/female 16,072,992)", + "55_64_years": "6.6% (male 2,801,205/female 2,842,786)", + "65_years_and_over": "4.8% (male 1,844,456/female 2,259,726) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "58.5 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "49.4 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "9.1 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "10.9 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "24.8 years", + "male": "24.5 years", + "female": "25.2 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.88% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "23.79 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "4.79 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "43.5% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "2.04% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "CAIRO (capital) 11.169 million; Alexandria 4.387 million (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.82 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "22.9 (2008 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "66 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "23.3 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "24.83 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "21.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "73.19 years", + "male": "70.57 years", + "female": "75.93 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.9 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "60.3% (2008)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "4.7% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "2.83 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.7 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 99% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 1% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 95% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 5% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "less than 0.1% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "11,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds\r\n (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "33.1% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "6.8% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "3.8% of GDP (2008)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "73.9%", + "male": "81.7%", + "female": "65.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "12 years", + "male": "13 years", + "female": "12 years (2010)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "1,066,526", + "percentage": "7 % (2005 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "24.8%", + "male": "14.7%", + "female": "54.1% (2010)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Arab Republic of Egypt", + "conventional_short_form": "Egypt", + "local_long_form": "Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah", + "local_short_form": "Misr", + "former": "United Arab Republic (with Syria)" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Cairo", + "geographic_coordinates": "30 03 N, 31 15 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "27 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazat); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum, Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah (Alexandria), Al Isma'iliyah (Ismailia), Al Jizah (Giza), Al Minufiyah, Al Minya, Al Qahirah (Cairo), Al Qalyubiyah, Al Uqsur (Luxor), Al Wadi al Jadid (New Valley), As Suways (Suez), Ash Sharqiyah, Aswan, Asyut, Bani Suwayf, Bur Sa'id (Port Said), Dumyat (Damietta), Janub Sina' (South Sinai), Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh, Qina, Shamal Sina' (North Sinai), Suhaj" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "28 February 1922 (from UK protectorate status; the revolution that began on 23 July 1952 led to a republic being declared on 18 June 1953 and all British troops withdrawn on 18 June 1956); note - it was ca. 3200 B.C. that the Two Lands of Upper (southern) and Lower (northern) Egypt were first united politically" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Revolution Day, 23 July (1952)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "new constitution passed by referendum 15-22 December 2012, signed by the president 26 December 2012 (suspended 3 July 2013 by the military)" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system based on Napoleonic civil law and Islamic religious law; judicial review by Supreme Court and Council of State (oversees validity of administrative decisions)" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "Interim President Adly MANSOUR (since July 2013)", + "head_of_government": "Interim Prime Minister Hazem el-BEBLAWI (since July 2013); Deputy Prime Ministers Hossam EISSA, Abdelfattah Said ELSISI, Lt. Gen., Ziad Bahaa EL-DIN", + "cabinet": "in an early January 2013 cabinet reshuffle, 10 new ministers were sworn in", + "elections": "presidential election (first round held on 23-24 May 2012; runoff held on 16-17 June 2012 (next election NA)", + "election_results": "percent of vote (first round) - Mohammed MURSI 24.3%, Ahmed SHAFIQ 23.3%, Hamdin SABAHI 20.4%, Abdul Moneim Aboul FOTOUH 17.2%, Amr MOUSSA 11.1%, other 3.7%; (runoff) - Mohammed MURSI 51.7%, Ahmed SHAFIQ 48.3%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral parliament consists of the Shura Council or Majlis al-Shura that traditionally functions mostly in a consultative role (at least 150 seats with up to one-tenth of body appointed by the president to serve six-year terms - as stated in the 2012 constitution); and the House of Representatives (at least 350 seats - as stated in the 2012 constitution; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "People's Assembly and Advisory Council elections last held between November and January 2012; elections for new House of Representatives announced for April or May 2013, but probably will be delayed pending decision by the Administrative Court; election for the Shura Council to be held within one year", + "note": "the Supreme Court on 14 June 2012 dissolved the People's Assembly", + "election_results": "Advisory Council - percent of vote by party - Democratic Alliance for Egypt 45%, Alliance for Egypt (Islamic Bloc) 28.6%, New Wafd Party 8.5%, Egyptian Bloc 5.4%, other 12.5%; seats by party - Democratic Alliance for Egypt 105, Alliance for Egypt (Islamic Bloc) 45, New Wafd Party 14, Egyptian Bloc 8, other 4, independents 4, presidential appointees 90; People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - Democratic Alliance for Egypt 37.5%, Alliance for Egypt (Islamic Bloc) 27.8%, New Wafd Party 9.2%, Egyptian Bloc 8.9%, Al-Wasat Party 3.7%, The Revolution Continues Alliance 2.8%, Reform and Development Party 2.2%, National Party of Egypt 1.6%, Freedom Party 1.9%, Egyptian Citizen Party 0.9%, other 3.5%; seats by party - Democratic Alliance of Egypt 235, Alliance for Egypt (Islamic Bloc) 123, New Wafd Party 38, Egyptian Bloc 35, Al-Wasat 10, Reform and Development Party 9, The Revolution Continues Alliance 8, National Party of Egypt 5, Egyptian Citizen Party 4, Freedom Party 4, independents 21, other 6, SCAF appointees 10" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Court of Cassation or Supreme Court (consists of the court president and NA judges); Supreme Constitutional Court or SCC (consists of the court president and 10 members)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Cassation judge appointment and tenure NA; SCC judges appointed by the president of the republic; judge tenure NA;", + "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; courts of limited jurisdiction; Family Court (established in 2004)" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Alliance for Egypt (Islamic Bloc); Al Nour Party or Light Party; Al-Wasat Party; Constitution Party [Mohammed ELBARADEI]; Democratic Alliance for Egypt; Democratic Peace Party; Egyptian Citizen Party; Freedom Party; Nation Party [Hazem Abu ISMAIL]; National Party of Egypt; New Wafd Party; People's Party; Popular Current Party [Hamdin SABAHI]; Reform and Development Party; Revolution Continues Party; Strong Egypt Party [Abdel Aboul FOTOUH]; The Revolution Continues Alliance" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, CICA, COMESA, D-8, EBRD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mohamed M. TAWFIK", + "chancery": "3521 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 895-5400", + "fax": "[1] (202) 244-5131", + "consulates_general": "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Ann W. PATTERSON", + "embassy": "5 Tawfik Diab St., Garden City, Cairo", + "mailing_address": "Unit 64900, Box 15, APO AE 09839-4900; 5 Tawfik Diab Street, Garden City, Cairo", + "telephone": "[20] (2) 2797-3300", + "fax": "[20] (2) 2797-3200" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; the national emblem (a gold Eagle of Saladin facing the hoist side with a shield superimposed on its chest above a scroll bearing the name of the country in Arabic) centered in the white band; the band colors derive from the Arab Liberation flag and represent oppression (black), overcome through bloody struggle (red), to be replaced by a bright future (white)", + "note": "similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars in the white band, Iraq, which has an Arabic inscription centered in the white band, and Yemen, which has a plain white band" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "golden eagle" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Bilady, Bilady, Bilady\" (My Homeland, My Homeland, My Homeland)", + "lyrics_music": "Younis-al QADI/Sayed DARWISH", + "note": "adopted 1979; after the signing of the 1979 peace with Israel, Egypt sought to create an anthem less militaristic than its previous one; Sayed DARWISH, commonly considered the father of modern Egyptian music, composed the anthem" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Occupying the northeast corner of the African continent, Egypt is bisected by the highly fertile Nile valley, where most economic activity takes place. Egypt's economy was highly centralized during the rule of former President Gamal Abdel NASSER but opened up considerably under former Presidents Anwar EL-SADAT and Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK. Cairo from 2004 to 2008 aggressively pursued economic reforms to attract foreign investment and facilitate GDP growth. Despite the relatively high levels of economic growth in recent years, living conditions for the average Egyptian remained poor and contributed to public discontent. After unrest erupted in January 2011, the Egyptian Government backtracked on economic reforms, drastically increasing social spending to address public dissatisfaction, but political uncertainty at the same time caused economic growth to slow significantly, reducing the government's revenues. Tourism, manufacturing, and construction were among the hardest hit sectors of the Egyptian economy, and economic growth is likely to remain slow during the next several years. The government drew down foreign exchange reserves by more than 50% in 2011 and 2012 to support the Egyptian pound and the dearth of foreign financial assistance - as a result of unsuccessful negotiations with the International Monetary Fund over a multi-billion dollar loan agreement which have dragged on more than 20 months - could precipitate fiscal and balance of payments crises in 2013." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$548.8 billion (2012 est.); $536.9 billion (2011 est.); $527.6 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$256.7 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.2% (2012 est.); 1.8% (2011 est.); 5.1% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$6,700 (2012 est.); $6,700 (2011 est.); $6,700 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "14% of GDP (2012 est.); 13.8% of GDP (2011 est.); 16.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "79.3%", + "government_consumption": "11.6%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "16%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.8%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "18.6%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-26.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "14.7%", + "industry": "37.4%", + "services": "47.9% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.1% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "26.42 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "32%", + "industry": "17%", + "services": "51% (2001 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "13.5% (2012 est.); 12% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "20% (2005 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "3.9%", + "highest_10%": "27.6% (2005)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "34.4 (2001)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$50.08 billion", + "expenditures": "$77.69 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "19.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-10.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "88% of GDP (2012 est.); 84.3% of GDP (2011 est.)", + "note": "data cover central government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 July - 30 June" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "7.1% (2012 est.); 10.1% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "8.68% (31 December 2010 est.); 8.5% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "12% (31 December 2012 est.); 11.03% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$45.33 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $42.25 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$192.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $171.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$192.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $169.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$48.68 billion (31 December 2011); $82.49 billion (31 December 2010); $89.95 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$8.417 billion (2012 est.); -$6.521 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$26.83 billion (2012 est.); $27.91 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals, processed food" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 8.2%, India 7%, Italy 6.7%, Saudi Arabia 6.3%, Germany 4.4%, France 4.2% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$59.72 billion (2012 est.); $56.13 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 11.9%, US 8%, Turkey 5.3%, Italy 5.1%, Germany 4.6%, Russia 4.4%, India 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$14.93 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $17.66 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$38.92 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$75.41 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $72.61 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$6.285 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.074 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Egyptian pounds (EGP) per US dollar -; 6.0625 (2012 est.); 5.9358 (2011 est.); 5.6219 (2010 est.); 5.545 (2009); 5.4 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "136.6 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "115.8 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "1.118 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "183 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "24.67 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "86.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "11.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "1.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "711,500 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "86,720 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "48,590 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "4.45 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "628,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "816,300 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "91,680 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "114,600 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "61.33 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "46.16 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "15.17 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "2.186 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "196.5 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "8.714 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "83.425 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s; principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay", + "domestic": "largest fixed-line system in the region; as of 2011 there were multiple mobile-cellular networks with a total of roughly 83 million subscribers", + "international": "country code - 20; landing point for Aletar, the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks, Link Around the Globe (FLAG) Falcon and FLAG FEA; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat); tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "mix of state-run and private broadcast media; state-run TV operates 2 national and 6 regional terrestrial networks as well as a few satellite channels; about 20 private satellite channels and a large number of Arabic satellite channels are available via subscription; state-run radio operates about 70 stations belonging to 8 networks; 2 privately owned radio stations operational (2008)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".eg" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "200,430 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "20.136 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "83 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "72", + "over_3_047_m": "15", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "36", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "15", + "under_914_m": "6 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "11", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", + "914_to_1_523_m": "4", + "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "7 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "condensate 486 km; condensate/gas 74 km; gas 7,986 km; liquid petroleum gas 957 km; oil 5,225 km; oil/gas/water 37 km; refined products 895 km; water 65 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "5,083 km", + "standard_gauge": "5,083 km 1.435-m gauge (62 km electrified) (2009)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "137,430 km", + "paved": "126,742 km (includes 838 km of expressways)", + "unpaved": "10,688 km (2010)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "3,500 km (includes the Nile River, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway, and numerous smaller canals in Nile Delta; the Suez Canal (193.5 km including approaches) is navigable by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 17.68 m) (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "67", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 16, cargo 20, container 3, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 12, roll on/roll off 9", + "foreign_owned": "13 (Denmark 1, France 1, Greece 8, Jordan 2, Lebanon 1)", + "registered_in_other_countries": "42 (Cambodia 4, Georgia 7, Honduras 2, Liberia 3, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 1, Moldova 5, Panama 11, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2, Saudi Arabia 1, Sierra Leone 3, unknown 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Mediterranean Sea - Alexandria, Damietta, El Dekheila, Port Said; Gulf of Suez - Suez", + "oil_gas_terminals": "Ain Sukhna terminal, Sidi Kerir terminal" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Army, Navy, Egyptian Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya il-Misriya), Egyptian Air Defense Command (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-30 years of age for male conscript military service; service obligation - 18-36 months, followed by a 9-year reserve obligation; voluntary enlistment possible from age 16 (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "21,012,199", + "females_age_16_49": "20,145,021 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "18,060,543", + "females_age_16_49": "17,244,838 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "783,405", + "female": "748,647 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "2.2% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Sudan claims but Egypt de facto administers security and economic development of Halaib region north of the 22nd parallel boundary; Egypt no longer shows its administration of the Bir Tawil trapezoid in Sudan on its maps; Gazan breaches in the security wall with Egypt in January 2008 highlight difficulties in monitoring the Sinai border; Saudi Arabia claims Egyptian-administered islands of Tiran and Sanafir" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "70,028 (West Bank and Gaza Strip); 12,124 (Sudan); 5,703 (Iraq) (2012); 111,424 (Syria); 7,957 (Somalia) (2013)", + "stateless_persons": "60 (2012)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transit point for cannabis, heroin, and opium moving to Europe, Israel, and North Africa; transit stop for Nigerian drug couriers; concern as money laundering site due to lax enforcement of financial regulations" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/er-eritrea.json b/africa/er-eritrea.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0782db00 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/er-eritrea.json @@ -0,0 +1,585 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The UN established Eritrea as an autonomous region within the Ethiopian federation in 1952. Ethiopia's full annexation of Eritrea as a province 10 years later sparked a violent 30-year struggle for independence that ended in 1991 with Eritrean rebels defeating government forces. Eritreans overwhelmingly approved independence in a 1993 referendum. ISAIAS Afworki has been Eritrea's only president since independence; his rule, particularly since 2001, has been highly autocratic and repressive. His government has created a highly militarized society by pursuing an unpopular program of mandatory conscription into national service, sometimes of indefinite length. A two-and-a-half-year border war with Ethiopia that erupted in 1998 ended under UN auspices in December 2000. The Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC) created in April 2003 was tasked \"to delimit and demarcate the colonial treaty border based on pertinent colonial treaties (1900, 1902, and 1908) and applicable international law.\" Eritrea for several years hosted a UN peacekeeping operation that monitored a 25 km-wide Temporary Security Zone. The EEBC on 30 November 2007 remotely demarcated the border, assigning the town of Badme to Eritrea, despite Ethiopia's maintaining forces there from the time of the 1998-2000 war. An increasingly hostile Eritrea insisted that the UN terminate its peacekeeping mission on 31 July 2008. Eritrea has accepted the EEBC's \"virtual demarcation\" decision and repeatedly called on Ethiopia to remove its troops. Ethiopia has not accepted the demarcation decision, and neither party has entered into meaningful dialogue to resolve the impasse. Eritrea is subject to several UN Security Council Resolutions (from 2009, 2011, and 2012) imposing various military and economic sanctions, in view of evidence that it has supported armed opposition groups in the region." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Djibouti and Sudan" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "15 00 N, 39 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "117,600 sq km", + "land": "101,000 sq km", + "water": "16,600 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly larger than Pennsylvania" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "1,626 km", + "border_countries": "Djibouti 109 km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "2,234 km (mainland on Red Sea 1,151 km, islands in Red Sea 1,083 km)" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "near Kulul within the Danakil Depression -75 m", + "highest_point": "Soira 3,018 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural gas, fish" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "5.87%", + "permanent_crops": "0.02%", + "other": "94.12% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "215.9 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "6.3 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.58 cu km/yr (5%/0%/95%)", + "per_capita": "121.3 cu m/yr (2004)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "frequent droughts, rare earthquakes and volcanoes; locust swarms", + "volcanism": "Dubbi (elev. 1,625 m), which last erupted in 1861, was the country's only historically active volcano until Nabro (2,218 m) came to life on 12 June 2011" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; overgrazing; loss of infrastructure from civil warfare" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes; Eritrea retained the entire coastline of Ethiopia along the Red Sea upon de jure independence from Ethiopia on 24 May 1993" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Eritrean(s)", + "adjective": "Eritrean" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "nine recognized ethnic groups: Tigrinya 55%, Tigre 30%, Saho 4%, Kunama 2%, Rashaida 2%, Bilen 2%, other (Afar, Beni Amir, Nera) 5% (2010 est.)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Tigrinya (official), Arabic (official), English (official), Tigre, Kunama, Afar, other Cushitic languages" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Muslim, Coptic Christian, Roman Catholic, Protestant" + }, + "population": { + "text": "6,233,682 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "41.3% (male 1,292,544/female 1,279,523)", + "15_24_years": "20% (male 623,797/female 625,527)", + "25_54_years": "31.2% (male 963,635/female 982,786)", + "55_64_years": "3.8% (male 99,755/female 136,557)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.7% (male 100,332/female 129,226) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "83.2 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "79.1 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.1 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "24.1 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "18.9 years", + "male": "18.6 years", + "female": "19.3 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.36% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "31.39 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "7.78 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "21.3% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "5.01% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "ASMARA (capital) 649,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.73 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.79 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "20.6 (2002 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "240 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "39.38 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "44.63 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "33.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "63.19 years", + "male": "61.04 years", + "female": "65.4 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4.25 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "8% (2002)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "2.7% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.05 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 74% of population; rural: 57% of population; total: 61% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 26% of population; rural: 43% of population; total: 39% of population (2008 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 52% of population; rural: 4% of population; total: 14% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 48% of population; rural: 96% of population; total: 86% of population (2008 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.8% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "25,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "1,700 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "1.5% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "34.5% (2002)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "2.1% of GDP (2006)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "68.9%", + "male": "79.5%", + "female": "59% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "5 years", + "male": "5 years", + "female": "4 years (2010)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "State of Eritrea", + "conventional_short_form": "Eritrea", + "local_long_form": "Hagere Ertra", + "local_short_form": "Ertra", + "former": "Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "transitional government", + "note": "following a successful referendum on independence for the Autonomous Region of Eritrea on 23-25 April 1993, a National Assembly, composed entirely of the People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, was established as a transitional legislature and a Constitutional Commission was established to draft a constitution; ISAIAS Afworki was named president by the transitional legislature; the constitution, ratified in May 1997, did not enter into effect, pending parliamentary and presidential elections; parliamentary elections were scheduled in December 2001 but were postponed indefinitely; currently the PFDJ is the sole legal party and controls all national, regional, and local political offices" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Asmara (Asmera)", + "geographic_coordinates": "15 20 N, 38 56 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "6 regions (zobatat, singular - zoba); Anseba, Debub (South), Debubawi K'eyih Bahri (Southern Red Sea), Gash Barka, Ma'akel (Central), Semenawi Keyih Bahri (Northern Red Sea)" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 24 May (1993)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "adopted 23 May 1997, but never fully implemented" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil, customary, and Islamic religious law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President ISAIAS Afworki (since 8 June 1993); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government and is head of the State Council and National Assembly", + "head_of_government": "President ISAIAS Afworki (since 8 June 1993)", + "cabinet": "State Council the collective exercises executive authority; members appointed by the president", + "elections": "president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); the most recent and only election was held on 8 June 1993 (next election date uncertain as the National Assembly did not hold a presidential election in December 2001 as anticipated)", + "election_results": "ISAIAS Afworki elected president by the transitional National Assembly; percent of National Assembly vote - ISAIAS Afworki 95%, other 5%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "in May 1997, following the adoption of the new constitution, 75 members of the PFDJ Central Committee (the old Central Committee of the EPLF), 60 members of the 527-member Constituent Assembly, which had been established in 1997 to discuss and ratify the new constitution, and 15 representatives of Eritreans living abroad were formed into a Transitional National Assembly to serve as the country's legislative body until countrywide elections to a National Assembly were held; although only 75 of 150 members of the Transitional National Assembly were elected, the constitution stipulates that once past the transition stage, all members of the National Assembly will be elected by secret ballot of all eligible voters; National Assembly elections scheduled for December 2001 were postponed indefinitely due to the war with Ethiopia" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "High Court (organized into civil, commercial, criminal, labor, administrative, and customary sections with 20 judges)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "High Court judges appointed by the president", + "subordinate_courts": "regional/zonal courts; community courts; special courts; sharia courts (for issues dealing with Muslim marriage, inheritance, and family); military courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ [ISAIAS Afworki] (the only party recognized by the government); note - a National Assembly committee drafted a law on political parties in January 2001, but the full National Assembly never debated or voted on it" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Eritrean Kunama (DMLEK); Eritrean Democratic Alliance (EDA); Eritrean National Congress for Democratic Change (ENCDC); Eritrean National Salvation Front (ENSF); Eritrean Islamic Party for Justice and Development (EIPJD) (includes the Eritrean Islamic Jihad (EIJ), Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement (EIJM), Eritrean Islamic Salvation, and the Eritrean Islamic Foundation); Eritrean People's Democratic Party (EPDP); Red Sea Afar Democratic Organization (RSADO)" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS (observer), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires BERHANE Gebrehiwet Solomon", + "chancery": "1708 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 319-1991", + "fax": "[1] (202) 319-1304" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Sue BREMNER", + "embassy": "179 Ala Street, Asmara", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 211, Asmara", + "telephone": "[291] (1) 120004", + "fax": "[291] (1) 127584" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) dividing the flag into two right triangles; the upper triangle is green, the lower one is blue; a gold wreath encircling a gold olive branch is centered on the hoist side of the red triangle; green stands for the country's agriculture economy, red signifies the blood shed in the fight for freedom, and blue symbolizes the bounty of the sea; the wreath-olive branch symbol is similar to that on the first flag of Eritrea from 1952; the shape of the red triangle broadly mimics the shape of the country" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "camel" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Ertra, Ertra, Ertra\" (Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea)", + "lyrics_music": "SOLOMON Tsehaye Beraki/Isaac Abraham MEHAREZGI and ARON Tekle Tesfatsion", + "note": "adopted 1993; upon independence from Ethiopia" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Since independence from Ethiopia in 1993, Eritrea has faced the economic problems of a small, poor country, facing chronic drought. These have been exacerbated by restrictive economic policies. Eritrea has a command economy under the control of the sole political party, the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ). Like the economies of many African nations, a large share of the population - nearly 80% - is engaged in subsistence agriculture. That sector only produces a small share of the country's total output. Since the conclusion of the Ethiopian-Eritrea war in 2000, the government has expanded use of military and party-owned businesses to complete President ISAIAS's development agenda. The government strictly controls the use of foreign currency by limiting access and availability. Few large private enterprises exist in Eritrea and most operate in conjunction with government partners, although recently a number of large international mining ventures have opened. Eritrea's national income also relies in part on taxes paid by members of the Diaspora. While reliable statistics on food security are difficult to obtain, erratic rainfall and the percentage of the labor force tied up in national service continue to interfere with agricultural production and economic development. Eritrea's harvests generally cannot meet the food needs of the country without supplemental grain purchases. Copper and gold production is likely to drive economic growth over the next few years, but military spending will continue to compete with development and investment plans. Eritrea's economic future will depend on market reform and success at addressing social problems such as illiteracy and low skills." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$4.468 billion (2012 est.); $4.176 billion (2011 est.); $3.842 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$3.092 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "7% (2012 est.); 8.7% (2011 est.); 2.2% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$800 (2012 est.); $800 (2011 est.); $700 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "3.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 1.6% of GDP (2011 est.); -3.2% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "64%", + "government_consumption": "26.8%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "15.2%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "14.6%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-20.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "12.4%", + "industry": "29.2%", + "services": "58.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "sorghum, lentils, vegetables, corn, cotton, tobacco, sisal; livestock, goats; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles, light manufacturing, salt, cement" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "-10% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "1.935 million (2007)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "80%", + "industry_and_services": "20% (2004 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "50% (2004 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$806.5 million", + "expenditures": "$1.19 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "26.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-12.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "110.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 124.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "17% (2012 est.); 20% (2011 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$1.64 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.331 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$3.889 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.156 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$3.272 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.712 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$271.5 million (2012 est.); -$127.8 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$434.8 million (2012 est.); $415.9 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "livestock, sorghum, textiles, food, small manufactures" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$1 billion (2012 est.); $891.9 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery, petroleum products, food, manufactured goods" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$180.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $114.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$1.057 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.055 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "nakfa (ERN) per US dollar -; 15.375 (2012 est.); 15.375 (2011 est.); 15.375 (2010 est.); 15.375 (2009); 15.38 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "277 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "242 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "139,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "99.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "4,480 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "2,670 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "798,200 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "58,500 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "241,900 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "inadequate; most fixed-line telephones are in Asmara; government is seeking international tenders to improve the system; cell phones in increasing use throughout the country", + "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership is less than 5 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 291 (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "government controls broadcast media with private ownership prohibited; 1 state-owned TV station; state-owned radio operates 2 networks; purchases of satellite dishes and subscriptions to international broadcast media are permitted (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".er" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "701 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "200,000 (2008)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "13 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "4", + "over_3_047_m": "2", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "9", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "5", + "914_to_1_523_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "1 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "306 km", + "narrow_gauge": "306 km 0.950-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "4,010 km", + "paved": "874 km", + "unpaved": "3,136 km (2000)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "4", + "by_type": "cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Assab, Massawa" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Eritrean Armed Forces: Eritrean Ground Forces, Eritrean Navy, Eritrean Air Force (includes Air Defense Force) (2011)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-40 years of age for male and female voluntary and compulsory military service; 16-month conscript service obligation (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,350,446", + "females_age_16_49": "1,362,575 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "896,096", + "females_age_16_49": "953,757 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "66,829", + "female": "66,731 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "6.3% of GDP (2006 est.)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by 2002 Ethiopia-Eritrea Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement; Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting eastern Sudanese rebel groups; in 2008 Eritrean troops moved across the border on Ras Doumera peninsula and occupied Doumera Island with undefined sovereignty in the Red Sea" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "idps": "10,000 (border war with Ethiopia from 1998-2000; it has not been possible to confirm whether remaining IDPs are still living with hosts or have been returned or resettled) (2009)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Eritrea is a source country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and, to a lesser extent, sex and labor trafficking abroad; the country's national service program is often abused to keep conscripts indefinitely and to force them to perform labor outside the scope of their duties; each year large numbers of migrants, often fleeing national service, depart Eritrea in search of work, particularly in the Gulf States, where some are likely to become victims of forced labor; Eritrean children working in various economic sectors, including domestic service, street vending, small-scale manufacturing, garages, bicycle repair shops, tea and coffee shops, metal workshops, and agriculture may be subjected to conditions of forced labor; some Eritrean refugees from Sudanese camps are extorted and tortured by traffickers as they are transported through the Sinai Peninsula", + "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Eritrea does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the Eritrean Government does not operate with transparency and has published neither data nor statistics regarding its efforts to combat human trafficking; the government did not report prosecuting or convicting any traffickers and did not identify or refer any victims to protective services in 2012; authorities largely lack an understanding of human trafficking, confusing it with all forms of transnational migration from Eritrea; the government made its first-ever efforts to prevent trafficking, warning about the hazards its citizens faced when attempting to migrate abroad (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/et-ethiopia.json b/africa/et-ethiopia.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..784de8c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/et-ethiopia.json @@ -0,0 +1,622 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of a short-lived Italian occupation from 1936-41. In 1974, a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally toppled in 1991 by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). A constitution was adopted in 1994, and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. A border war with Eritrea late in the 1990s ended with a peace treaty in December 2000. In November 2007, the Eritrea-Ethiopia Border Commission (EEBC) issued specific coordinates as virtually demarcating the border and pronounced its work finished. Alleging that the EEBC acted beyond its mandate in issuing the coordinates, Ethiopia has not accepted them and has not withdrawn troops from previously contested areas pronounced by the EEBC as belonging to Eritrea." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Eastern Africa, west of Somalia" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "8 00 N, 38 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "1,104,300 sq km", + "land": "1 million sq km", + "water": "104,300 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Texas" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "5,328 km", + "border_countries": "Djibouti 349 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 861 km, Somalia 1,600 km, South Sudan 837 km, Sudan 769 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Danakil Depression -125 m", + "highest_point": "Ras Dejen 4,533 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "13.19%", + "permanent_crops": "1.01%", + "other": "85.8% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "2,896 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "122 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "5.56 cu km/yr (13%/1%/86%)", + "per_capita": "80.5 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts", + "volcanism": "volcanic activity in the Great Rift Valley; Erta Ale (elev. 613 m), which has caused frequent lava flows in recent years, is the country's most active volcano; Dabbahu became active in 2005, causing evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Alayta, Dalaffilla, Dallol, Dama Ali, Fentale, Kone, Manda Hararo, and Manda-Inakir" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor management" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopia; three major crops are believed to have originated in Ethiopia: coffee, grain sorghum, and castor bean" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Ethiopian(s)", + "adjective": "Ethiopian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Oromo 34.5%, Amhara (Amara) 26.9%, Somali (Somalie) 6.2%, Tigray (Tigrigna) 6.1%, Sidama 4%, Gurage 2.5%, Welaita 2.3%, Hadiya 1.7%, Afar (Affar) 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, other 11.3% (2007 Census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Oromo (official regional) 33.8%, Amharic (official) 29.3%, Somali 6.2%, Tigrayan (official regional) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Guragiegna 2%, Afar 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, other 11.7%, English (official) (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic (official) (2007 census)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Ethiopian Orthodox 43.5%, Muslim 33.9%, Protestant 18.6%, traditional 2.6%, Catholic 0.7%, other 0.7% (2007 Census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "93,877,025 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "44.4% (male 20,858,061/female 20,813,460)", + "15_24_years": "19.9% (male 9,258,868/female 9,382,338)", + "25_54_years": "29.1% (male 13,576,787/female 13,704,595)", + "55_64_years": "3.9% (male 1,772,448/female 1,859,364)", + "65_years_and_over": "2.8% (male 1,197,519/female 1,453,585) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "85.5 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "79.2 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.3 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "15.8 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "17.5 years", + "male": "17.3 years", + "female": "17.6 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.9% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "38.07 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "8.87 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-0.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population", + "note": "repatriation of Ethiopian refugees residing in Sudan is expected to continue for several years; some Sudanese, Somali, and Eritrean refugees, who fled to Ethiopia from the fighting or famine in their own countries, continue to return to their homes (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "17% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.57% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "ADDIS ABABA (capital) 2.863 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.83 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "19.6", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2011 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "350 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "58.28 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "66.58 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "49.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "60 years", + "male": "57.73 years", + "female": "62.35 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "5.31 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "28.6% (2010/11)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "4.9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.02 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "6.3 beds/1,000 population (2011)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 34% of population; total: 44% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 66% of population; total: 56% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 29% of population; rural: 19% of population; total: 21% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 71% of population; rural: 81% of population; total: 79% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", + "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "1.1% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "29.2% (2011)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "4.7% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "39%", + "male": "49.1%", + "female": "28.9% (2007 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "9 years", + "male": "10 years", + "female": "8 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "10,693,164", + "percentage": "53 % (2005 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "24.9%", + "male": "19.5%", + "female": "29.4% (2006)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia", + "conventional_short_form": "Ethiopia", + "local_long_form": "Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik", + "local_short_form": "Ityop'iya", + "former": "Abyssinia, Italian East Africa", + "abbreviation": "FDRE" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "federal republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Addis Ababa", + "geographic_coordinates": "9 02 N, 38 42 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "9 ethnically based states (kililoch, singular - kilil) and 2 self-governing administrations* (astedaderoch, singular - astedader); Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa), Afar, Amara (Amhara), Binshangul Gumuz, Dire Dawa*, Gambela Hizboch (Gambela Peoples), Hareri Hizb (Harari People), Oromiya (Oromia), Sumale (Somali), Tigray, Ye Debub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples)" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years (may be traced to the Aksumite Kingdom, which coalesced in the first century B.C.)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "National Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "ratified 8 December 1994, effective 22 August 1995" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President GIRMA Woldegiorgis (since 8 October 2001)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister HAILEMARIAM Desalegn (since 21 September 2012); note - prior to his approval as prime minister, HAILEMARIAM had been acting prime minister due to the death of former Prime Minister MELES", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers ministers selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representatives", + "elections": "president elected by both chambers of Parliament for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 9 October 2007 (next to be held in October 2013); prime minister designated by the party in power following legislative elections", + "election_results": "GIRMA Woldegiorgis elected president; percent of vote by the House of People's Representatives - 79%, other 21%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Federation (or upper chamber responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues) (108 seats; members chosen by state assemblies to serve five-year terms) and the House of People's Representatives (or lower chamber responsible for passing legislation) (547 seats; members directly elected by popular vote from single-member districts to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 23 May 2010 (next to be held in 2015)", + "election_results": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party - EPRDF 499, SPDP 24, BGPDP 9, ANDP 8, GPUDM 3, HNL 1, FORUM 1, APDO 1, independent 1" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Federal Supreme Court or Supreme Imperial Court (consists of 11 judges) note - the Federal Supreme Court has jurisdiction for all constitutional issues", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "president and vice president of Federal Supreme Court nominated by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; other Supreme Court judges nominated by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; judges serve until retirement at age 60", + "subordinate_courts": "federal high courts and federal courts of first instance; state court systems (mirror structure of federal system); sharia courts and customary and traditional courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [Mohammed KEDIR]; All Ethiopian Unity Organization or AEUO [Hailu SHAWEL]; Arena Tigray [GEBRU Asrat]; Argoba People's Democratic Organization or APDO [Abdulkader MOHAMMED]; Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Party or BGPDP [Mulualem BESSE]; Coalition for Unity and Democratic Party or CUDP [AYELE Chamiso]; Ethiopian Democratic Party or EDP [MUSHE Semu]; Ethiopian Federal Democratic Forum or FORUM (a UDJ-led 6-party alliance established for the 2010 parliamentary elections) [Dr. Moga FRISSA]; Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF (including the following organizations: Amhara National Democratic Movement or ANDM; Oromo People's Democratic Organization or OPDO; Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement or SEPDM; and Tigray People's Liberation Front or TPLF); Gambella Peoples Unity Democratic Movement or GPUDM; Gurage Peoples Democratic Front [GIRMA Bogale]; Harari National League or HNL [YASIN Husein]; Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement or OFDM; Oromo People's Congress or OPC [IMERERA Gudina]; Somali Democratic Alliance Forces or SODAF [BUH Hussien]; Somali People's Democratic Party or SPDP [Abdulfetah Sheck ABDULAHI]; South Ethiopian People's Democratic Union or SEPDU [TILAHUN Endeshaw]; United Ethiopian Democratic Forces or UEDF [BEYENE Petros]; Unity for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [Dr. NEGASSO Gidada]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Ethiopian People's Patriotic Front or EPPF; Ogaden National Liberation Front or ONLF; Oromo Liberation Front or OLF [DAOUD Ibsa]" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador GIRMA Birru", + "chancery": "3506 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 364-1200", + "fax": "[1] (202) 587-0195", + "consulates_general": "Los Angeles", + "consulates": "New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Donald E. BOOTH", + "embassy": "Entoto Street, Addis Ababa", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa", + "telephone": "130-6000", + "fax": "124-2401" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red, with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; green represents hope and the fertility of the land, yellow symbolizes justice and harmony, while red stands for sacrifice and heroism in the defense of the land; the blue of the disk symbolizes peace and the pentagram represents the unity and equality of the nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia", + "note": "Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the three main colors of her flag (adopted ca. 1895) were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the Pan-African colors; the emblem in the center of the current flag was added in 1996" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "Abyssinian lion" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Whedefit Gesgeshi Woud Enat Ethiopia\" (March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia)", + "lyrics_music": "DEREJE Melaku Mengesha/SOLOMON Lulu", + "note": "adopted 1992" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Ethiopia's economy is based on agriculture, which accounts for 46% of GDP and 85% of total employment. Coffee has been a major export crop. The agricultural sector suffers from poor cultivation practices and frequent drought, but recent joint efforts by the Government of Ethiopia and donors have strengthened Ethiopia's agricultural resilience, contributing to a reduction in the number of Ethiopians threatened with starvation. The banking, insurance, and micro-credit industries are restricted to domestic investors, but Ethiopia has attracted significant foreign investment in textiles, leather, commercial agriculture and manufacturing. Under Ethiopia's constitution, the state owns all land and provides long-term leases to the tenants; land use certificates are now being issued in some areas so that tenants have more recognizable rights to continued occupancy and hence make more concerted efforts to improve their leaseholds. While GDP growth has remained high, per capita income is among the lowest in the world. Ethiopia''s economy continues on its state-led Growth and Transformation Plan under its new leadership after Prime Minister MELE's death. The five-year economic plan has achieved high single-digit growth rates through government-led infrastructure expansion and commercial agriculture development. Ethiopia in 2013 plans to continue construction of its Grand Renaissance Dam on the Nile-the controversial multi-billion dollar effort to develop electricity for domestic consumption and export." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$105 billion (2012 est.); $98.13 billion (2011 est.); $91.29 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$41.91 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "7% (2012 est.); 7.5% (2011 est.); 8% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,200 (2012 est.); $1,200 (2011 est.); $1,100 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "22.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 22.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 23.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "85.6%", + "government_consumption": "8.2%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "26.8%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "12.7%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-33.3% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "46.4%", + "industry": "10.7%", + "services": "43% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseed, cotton, sugarcane, potatoes, khat, cut flowers; hides, cattle, sheep, goats; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, chemicals, metals processing, cement" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "9.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "43.93 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "85%", + "industry": "5%", + "services": "10% (2009 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "29.2% (FY09/10 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "4.1%", + "highest_10%": "25.6% (2005)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "30 (2000); 40 (1995)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$6.388 billion", + "expenditures": "$7.54 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "15.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-2.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "45.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 47% of GDP (2011 est.)", + "note": "official data cover central government debt, including debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury and treasury debt owned by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "8 July - 7 July" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "23.4% (2012 est.); 33.2% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "14.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 16% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$8.144 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.532 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$13.35 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $11.51 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$14.46 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $11.73 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$2.95 billion (2012 est.); -$1.965 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$3.109 billion (2012 est.); $3.029 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "coffee, khat, gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "China 13%, Germany 10.8%, US 7.9%, Saudi Arabia 7.8%, Belgium 7.7% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$9.498 billion (2012 est.); $8.329 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles, cereals, textiles" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 13.1%, US 11%, Saudi Arabia 8.2%, India 5.5% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$3.166 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.102 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$10.35 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $8.597 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "birr (ETB) per US dollar -; 17.705 (2012 est.); 16.899 (2011 est.); 14.41 (2010 est.); 11.78 (2009); 9.57 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "4.039 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "3.648 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "1.18 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "17.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "82.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "430,000 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "49,080 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "42,480 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "113 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "6.74 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "829,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "14.127 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "inadequate telephone system with the Ethio Telecom maintaining a monopoly over telecommunication services; open-wire, microwave radio relay; radio communication in the HF, VHF, and UHF frequencies; 2 domestic satellites provide the national trunk service", + "domestic": "the number of fixed lines and mobile telephones is increasing from a small base; combined fixed and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 15 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 251; open-wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "1 public TV station broadcasting nationally and 1 public radio broadcaster with stations in each of the 13 administrative districts; a few commercial radio stations and roughly a dozen community radio stations (2009)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".et" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "179 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "447,300 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "57 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "17", + "over_3_047_m": "3", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "8", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", + "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "40", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "9", + "914_to_1_523_m": "20", + "under_914_m": "8 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "681 km (Ethiopian segment of the 781 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)", + "narrow_gauge": "681 km 1.000-m gauge", + "note": "railway is under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia but is largely inoperable (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "44,359 km", + "paved": "6,064 km", + "unpaved": "38,295 km (2007)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "8", + "by_type": "cargo 8 (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Ethiopia is landlocked and uses ports of Djibouti in Djibouti and Berbera in Somalia" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF): Ground Forces, Ethiopian Air Force (Ye Ityopya Ayer Hayl, ETAF) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no compulsory military service, but the military can conduct callups when necessary and compliance is compulsory (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "19,067,499", + "females_age_16_49": "19,726,816 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "11,868,084", + "females_age_16_49": "12,889,260 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "967,411", + "female": "981,714 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement; the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo region; Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist Courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; \"Somaliland\" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera and trade ties to landlocked Ethiopia; civil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "245,068 (Somalia); 35,042 (Sudan); 62,996 (Eritrea) (2013)", + "idps": "200,000-300,000 (border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000, ethnic clashes in Gambela, and ongoing Ethiopian military counterinsurgency in Somali region; most IDPs are in Tigray and Gambela Provinces) (2008)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe, as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia (legal in all three countries); the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money laundering center" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ga-gabon.json b/africa/ga-gabon.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c3324161 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/ga-gabon.json @@ -0,0 +1,602 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "El Hadj Omar BONGO Ondimba - one of the longest-serving heads of state in the world - dominated the country's political scene for four decades (1967-2009) following independence from France in 1960. President BONGO introduced a nominal multiparty system and a new constitution in the early 1990s. However, allegations of electoral fraud during local elections in 2002-03 and the presidential elections in 2005 exposed the weaknesses of formal political structures in Gabon. Following President BONGO's death in 2009, new elections brought Ali BONGO Ondimba, son of the former president, to power. Despite constrained political conditions, Gabon's small population, abundant natural resources, and considerable foreign support have helped make it one of the more prosperous and stable African countries." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator, between Republic of the Congo and Equatorial Guinea" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "1 00 S, 11 45 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "267,667 sq km", + "land": "257,667 sq km", + "water": "10,000 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Colorado" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "2,551 km", + "border_countries": "Cameroon 298 km, Republic of the Congo 1,903 km, Equatorial Guinea 350 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "885 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; always hot, humid" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and south" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Mont Iboundji 1,575 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "petroleum, natural gas, diamond, niobium, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "1.21%", + "permanent_crops": "0.64%", + "other": "98.15% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "44.5 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "164 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.14 cu km/yr (61%/10%/29%)", + "per_capita": "97.68 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation; poaching" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "a small population and oil and mineral reserves have helped Gabon become one of Africa's wealthier countries; in general, these circumstances have allowed the country to maintain and conserve its pristine rain forest and rich biodiversity" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Gabonese (singular and plural)", + "adjective": "Gabonese" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Bantu tribes, including four major tribal groupings (Fang, Bapounou, Nzebi, Obamba); other Africans and Europeans, 154,000, including 10,700 French and 11,000 persons of dual nationality" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Christian 55%-75%, animist, Muslim less than 1%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "1,640,286 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "42.1% (male 347,203/female 344,008)", + "15_24_years": "20.3% (male 166,328/female 165,843)", + "25_54_years": "29.7% (male 243,111/female 243,442)", + "55_64_years": "4.1% (male 32,871/female 34,692)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.8% (male 26,627/female 36,161) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "77.4 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "68.3 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "9.2 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "10.9 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "18.6 years", + "male": "18.4 years", + "female": "18.8 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.96% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "34.82 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "13.11 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-2.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "86.2% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "2.27% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "LIBREVILLE (capital) 619,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.73 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "18.7 (2000 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "230 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "48.02 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "55.49 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "40.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "52.15 years", + "male": "51.58 years", + "female": "52.74 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4.52 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "31.1% (2012)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "3.5% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.29 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "6.3 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 41% of population; total: 87% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 59% of population; total: 13% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 33% of population; rural: 30% of population; total: 33% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 67% of population; rural: 70% of population; total: 67% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "5.2% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "46,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "2,400 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_disease": "malaria and dengue fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "13.9% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "8.8% (2001)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "89%", + "male": "92.3%", + "female": "85.6% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "13 years", + "male": "12 years", + "female": "12 years (2002)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Gabonese Republic", + "conventional_short_form": "Gabon", + "local_long_form": "Republique Gabonaise", + "local_short_form": "Gabon" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic; multiparty presidential regime" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Libreville", + "geographic_coordinates": "0 23 N, 9 27 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "9 provinces; Estuaire, Haut-Ogooue, Moyen-Ogooue, Ngounie, Nyanga, Ogooue-Ivindo, Ogooue-Lolo, Ogooue-Maritime, Woleu-Ntem" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "17 August 1960 (from France)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 17 August (1960)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "adopted 14 March 1991" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of French civil law and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Ali BONGO ONDIMBA (since 16 October 2009)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Raymond NDONG SIMA (since 27 February 2012)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (no term limits); election last held on 30 August 2009 (next to be held in 2016); prime minister appointed by the president", + "election_results": "President Ali BONGO ONDIMBA elected; percent of vote - Ali BONGO ONDIMBA 41.7%, Andre MBA OBAME 25.9%, Pierre MAMBOUNDOU 25.2%, Zacharie MYBOTO 3.9%, other 3.3%", + "note": "President BONGO died on 8 June 2009 after serving as president for 32 years; in accordance with the constitution he was replaced on an interim basis by the president of the Senate, Rose Francine ROGOMBE on 10 June 2009; new elections were held on 30 August 2009 and the son of the former president, Ali BONGO Ondimba, was elected president" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral legislature consists of the Senate (102 seats; members elected by members of municipal councils and departmental assemblies to serve six-year terms) and the National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "Senate - last held on 18 January 2009 (next to be held in January 2015); National Assembly - last held on 17 December 2011 (next to be held in December 2016)", + "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 75, RPG 6, UGDD 3, CLR 2, PGCI 2, PSD 2, UPG 2, ADERE 1, independents 9; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDG 114, RPG 3, others 3" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (organized into Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts chambers and consists of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointment and tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed - 3 by the national president, 3 by the president of the Senate, and 3 by the president of the National Assembly; judges serve 7-year, single renewable terms", + "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; Court of State Security; county courts; military courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Circle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean Boniface ASSELE]; Congress for Democracy and Justice or CDJ [Jules Aristide Bourdes OGOULIGUENDE]; Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE [Divungui-di-Ndinge DIDJOB]; Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG [Omar BONGO]; Gabonese Party for Progress or PGP [Benoit Mouity NZAMBA]; Gabonese Union for Democracy and Development or UGDD [Zacharie MYBOTO]; Independent Center Party of Gabon or PGCI; National Rally of Woodcutters or RNB; National Rally of Woodcutters-Rally for Gabon or RNB-RPG (Bucherons) [Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE]; Party of Development and Social Solidarity or PDS [Seraphin Ndoat REMBOGO]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]; Union for Democracy and Social Integration or UDIS; Union for the New Republic or UPRN [Louis Gaston MAYILA]; Union of Gabonese Patriots or UPG [Pierre MAMBOUNDOU]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Michael MOUSSA-ADAMO", + "chancery": "Suite 200, 2034 20th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 797-1000", + "fax": "[1] (202) 332-0668", + "consulates": "New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Eric D. BENJAMINSON", + "embassy": "Boulevard du Bord de Mer, Libreville", + "mailing_address": "Centre Ville, B. P. 4000, Libreville; pouch:2270 Libreville Place, Washington, DC 20521-2270", + "telephone": "[241] 01-45-71-00, after hours - 07380171", + "fax": "[241] 74 55 07" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and blue; green represents the country's forests and natural resources, gold represents the equator (which transects Gabon) as well as the sun, blue represents the sea" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "black panther" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"La Concorde\" (The Concorde)", + "lyrics_music": "Georges Aleka DAMAS", + "note": "adopted 1960" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Gabon enjoys a per capita income four times that of most sub-Saharan African nations, but because of high income inequality, a large proportion of the population remains poor. Gabon depended on timber and manganese until oil was discovered offshore in the early 1970s. The economy was reliant on oil for about 50% of its GDP, about 70% of revenues, and 87% of goods exports for 2010, although some fields have passed their peak production. A rebound of oil prices from 1999 to 2008 helped growth, but declining production has hampered Gabon from fully realizing potential gains. Gabon signed a 14-month Stand-By Arrangement with the IMF in May 2007, and later that year issued a $1 billion sovereign bond to buy back a sizable portion of its Paris Club debt. Gabon continues to face fluctuating prices for its oil, timber, and manganese exports. Despite the abundance of natural wealth, poor fiscal management has stifled the economy. However, President BONGO ONDIMBA has made efforts to increase transparency and is taking steps to make Gabon a more attractive investment destination to diversify the economy. BONGO ONDIMBA has attempted to boost growth by increasing government investment in human resources and infrastructure. GDP grew more than 6% per year over the 2010-12 period." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$25.91 billion (2012 est.); $24.4 billion (2011 est.); $22.79 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$18.38 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "6.2% (2012 est.); 7.1% (2011 est.); 6.8% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$16,800 (2012 est.); $16,100 (2011 est.); $15,200 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "47.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 44.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 51.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "37.3%", + "government_consumption": "9.8%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "30.3%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "61.2%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-38.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "3.7%", + "industry": "64.3%", + "services": "32% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "cocoa, coffee, sugar, palm oil, rubber; cattle; okoume (a tropical softwood); fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "petroleum extraction and refining; manganese, gold; chemicals, ship repair, food and beverages, textiles, lumbering and plywood, cement" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "6.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "616,700 (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "60%", + "industry": "15%", + "services": "25% (2000 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "21% (2006 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.5%", + "highest_10%": "32.7% (2005)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$4.987 billion", + "expenditures": "$4.623 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "27.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "2% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "22.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 19.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "2.7% (2012 est.); 1.3% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "3% (31 December 2010 est.); 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "15% (31 December 2012 est.); 15% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$2.552 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.47 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$3.918 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.534 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$1.785 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.817 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "$3.747 billion (2012 est.); $3.514 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$10.2 billion (2012 est.); $10.72 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "crude oil, timber, manganese, uranium" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Japan 23.9%, US 16.9%, Australia 11.2%, India 7.3%, China 5.4%, Spain 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$3.638 billion (2012 est.); $3.319 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, construction materials" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "France 28.1%, China 12.6%, US 9.4%, Belgium 5.8%, Cameroon 4.7% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$2.373 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.177 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$3.196 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.879 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "1.604 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "1.301 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "415,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "59% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "41% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "244,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "226,800 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "1.309 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "20,700 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "15,800 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "8,985 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "5,890 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "80 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "80 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "28.32 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "4.592 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "22,500 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "1.8 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "adequate system of cable, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, radiotelephone communication stations, and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations", + "domestic": "a growing mobile-cellular network with multiple providers is making telephone service more widely available with mobile-cellular teledensity exceeding 100 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 241; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state owns and operates 2 TV stations and 2 radio broadcast stations; a few private radio and TV stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible; satellite service subscriptions are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".ga" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "127 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "98,800 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "44 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "14", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "9", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "30", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "7", + "914_to_1_523_m": "9", + "under_914_m": "14 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "gas 807 km; oil 1,639 km; water 3 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "649 km", + "standard_gauge": "649 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "9,170 km", + "paved": "1,097 km", + "unpaved": "8,073 km (2007)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "1,600 km (310 km on Ogooue River) (2010)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "registered_in_other_countries": "2 (Cambodia 1, Panama 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Libreville, Owendo, Port-Gentil", + "oil_gas_terminals": "Gamba, Lucina" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Gabonese Defense Forces (Forces de Defense Gabonaise): Land Force (Force Terrestre), Gabonese Navy (Marine Gabonaise), Gabonese Air Forces (Forces Aerienne Gabonaises, FAG) (2012)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "20 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "350,640", + "females_age_16_49": "351,718 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "202,404", + "females_age_16_49": "195,389 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "17,638", + "female": "17,614 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "UN urges Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to resolve the sovereignty dispute over Gabon-occupied Mbane Island and lesser islands and to establish a maritime boundary in hydrocarbon-rich Corisco Bay" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/gh-ghana.json b/africa/gh-ghana.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b3e22bdc --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/gh-ghana.json @@ -0,0 +1,627 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. Ghana endured a long series of coups before Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS took power in 1981 and banned political parties. After approving a new constitution and restoring multiparty politics in 1992, RAWLINGS won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996 but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. John KUFUOR succeeded him and was reelected in 2004. John Atta MILLS took over as head of state in early 2009, but he died in July 2012 and was succeeded by his vice president John Dramani MAHAMA, who subsequently won a December 2012 special presidential election." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "8 00 N, 2 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "238,533 sq km", + "land": "227,533 sq km", + "water": "11,000 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Oregon" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "2,094 km", + "border_countries": "Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "539 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Mount Afadjato 885 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "20.12%", + "permanent_crops": "11.74%", + "other": "68.14% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "309 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "53.2 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.98 cu km/yr (24%/10%/66%)", + "per_capita": "48.82 cu m/yr (2000)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds from January to March; droughts" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Marine Life Conservation" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake by surface area (8,482 sq km; 3,275 sq mi)" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Ghanaian(s)", + "adjective": "Ghanaian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Akan 47.5%, Mole-Dagbon 16.6%, Ewe 13.9%, Ga-Dangme 7.4%, Gurma 5.7%, Guan 3.7%, Grusi 2.5%, Mande-Busanga 1.1%, other 1.6% (2010 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Asante 14.8%, Ewe 12.7%, Fante 9.9%, Boron (Brong) 4.6%, Dagomba 4.3%, Dangme 4.3%, Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.7%, Akyem 3.4%, Ga 3.4%, Akuapem 2.9%, other (includes English (official)) 36.1% (2000 census)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Christian 71.2% (Pentecostal/Charismatic 28.3%, Protestant 18.4%, Catholic 13.1%, other 11.4%), Muslim 17.6%, traditional 5.2%, other 0.8%, none 5.2% (2010 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "25,199,609 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "38.7% (male 4,902,094/female 4,858,630)", + "15_24_years": "18.8% (male 2,360,293/female 2,382,573)", + "25_54_years": "33.7% (male 4,120,921/female 4,363,889)", + "55_64_years": "4.7% (male 577,431/female 610,716)", + "65_years_and_over": "4.1% (male 476,297/female 546,765) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "72.2 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "66.2 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "16.7 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "20.7 years", + "male": "20.3 years", + "female": "21.2 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.19% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "31.7 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "7.53 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-2.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "51.9% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "ACCRA (capital) 2.269 million; Kumasi 1.773 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.88 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "21.8", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2008 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "350 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "39.7 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "43.8 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "35.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "65.32 years", + "male": "62.99 years", + "female": "67.71 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4.12 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "23.5% (2008)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "5.2% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.09 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 91% of population; rural: 80% of population; total: 86% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 9% of population; rural: 20% of population; total: 14% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 19% of population; rural: 8% of population; total: 14% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 81% of population; rural: 92% of population; total: 86% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "1.8% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "260,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "18,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", + "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds\r\n (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "7.5% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "14.3% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "8.2% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "71.5%", + "male": "78.3%", + "female": "65.3% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "12 years", + "male": "12 years", + "female": "11 years (2012)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "1,806,750", + "percentage": "34 % (2006 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "16.6%", + "male": "16.4%", + "female": "16.7% (2000)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Ghana", + "conventional_short_form": "Ghana", + "former": "Gold Coast" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "constitutional democracy" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Accra", + "geographic_coordinates": "5 33 N, 0 13 W", + "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "6 March 1957 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 6 March (1957)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "approved 28 April 1992" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed system of English common law and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President John Dramani MAHAMA (since 24 July 2012); Vice President Kwesi Bekoe AMISSAH-ARTHUR (since 6 August 2012); note - President MAHAMA assumed office due to the death of former president John Atta MILLS and subsequently won the December 2012 presidential election; the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President John Dramani MAHAMA (since 24 July 2012); Vice President Kwesi Bekoe AMISSAH-ARTHUR (since 6 August 2012); note - President MAHAMA assumed office due to the death of former president John Atta MILLS and subsequently won the December 2012 presidential election", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament", + "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 December 2012 (next to be held in December 2016)", + "election_results": "John Dramani MAHAMA elected president; percent of vote - John Dramani MAHAMA 50.7%, Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO 47.7%, other 1.6%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament (275 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote in single-seat constituencies to serve four-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 7 and 8 December 2012 (next to be held in December 2016)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NPP 47.5%, NDC 46.4%, PNC 0.6%, independent 2.5%, other 3.0%; seats by party - NDC 151, NPP 120, PNC 1, independent 3" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 12 justices)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice appointed by the president in consultation with the Council of State (a small advisory body of prominent citizens) and with the approval of Parliament; other justices appointed by the president upon the advice of the Judicial Council (an 18-member independent body of judicial, military and police officials, and presidential nominees) and on the advice of the Council of State; justices can retire at age 60, with compulsory retirement at age 70", + "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeal; High Court; Circuit Court; District Court; regional tribunals" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Convention People's Party or CPP [Samia NKRUMAH]; Democratic Freedom Party or DFP [Obed Yao ASAMOAH]; Democratic People’s Party or DPP [T.N. WARD BREW]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Henry GIDI]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [vacant]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Kwabena ADJEI]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Nii Armah JOSIAH-AYEH]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Jake OBETSEBI-LAMPEY]; People's National Convention or PNC [Alhaji Amed RAMADAN]; National Reform Party [Peter KPORDUGBE]; United Renaissance Party or URP [Kofi WAYO]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Christian Aid (water rights); Committee for Joint Action or CJA (education reform); National Coalition Against the Privatization of Water or CAP (water rights); Oxfam (water rights); Public Citizen (water rights); Students Coalition Against EPA [Kwabena Ososukene OKAI] (education reform); Third World Network (education reform)" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Daniel Ohene AGYEKUM", + "chancery": "3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 686-4520", + "fax": "[1] (202) 686-4527", + "consulates_general": "New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Gene CRETZ", + "embassy": "24 Fourth Circular Rd., Cantonments, Accra", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 194, Accra", + "telephone": "[233] 30-2741-000", + "fax": "[233] 30-2741-389" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green, with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; red symbolizes the blood shed for independence, yellow represents the country's mineral wealth, while green stands for its forests and natural wealth; the black star is said to be the lodestar of African freedom", + "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "black star; golden eagle" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"God Bless Our Homeland Ghana\"", + "lyrics_music": "unknown/Philip GBEHO", + "note": "music adopted 1957, lyrics adopted 1966; the lyrics were changed twice, once when a republic was declared in 1960 and again after a 1966 coup" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Ghana's economy has been strengthened by a quarter century of relatively sound management, a competitive business environment, and sustained reductions in poverty levels. Ghana is well endowed with natural resources and agriculture accounts for roughly one-quarter of GDP and employs more than half of the workforce, mainly small landholders. The services sector accounts for 50% of GDP. Gold and cocoa production and individual remittances are major sources of foreign exchange. Oil production at Ghana's offshore Jubilee field began in mid-December, 2010, and is expected to boost economic growth. President MAHAMA faces challenges in managing new oil revenue while maintaining fiscal discipline and resisting debt accumulation. Estimated oil reserves have jumped to almost 700 million barrels. Ghana signed a Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) Compact in 2006, which aims to assist in transforming Ghana''s agricultural sector. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) program in 2002, and is also benefiting from the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative that took effect in 2006. In 2009 Ghana signed a three-year Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility with the IMF to improve macroeconomic stability, private sector competitiveness, human resource development, and good governance and civic responsibility. Sound macro-economic management along with higher prices for oil, gold and, cocoa helped sustain high GDP growth in 2008-12, despite the general slowdown in the global economy during that same time period." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$83.74 billion (2012 est.); $78.28 billion (2011 est.); $68.43 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$38.94 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "7% (2012 est.); 14.4% (2011 est.); 8% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$3,400 (2012 est.); $3,200 (2011 est.); $2,900 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "18.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 17.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 17.2% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "60.9%", + "government_consumption": "13.6%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "29%", + "investment_in_inventories": "6.9%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "45.9%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-56.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "22.7%", + "industry": "27.3%", + "services": "50% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "cocoa, rice, cassava (manioc), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "11.79 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "56%", + "industry": "15%", + "services": "29% (2005 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "11% (2000 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "28.5% (2007 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2%", + "highest_10%": "32.8% (2006)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "39.4 (2005-06); 40.7 (1999)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$9.282 billion", + "expenditures": "$14.13 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "23.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-12.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "49.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 41.8% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "9.2% (2012 est.); 8.7% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "18% (31 December 2009); 17% (31 December 2008)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "22.2% (31 December 2012 est.); 18.2% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$5.771 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.925 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$11.56 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $11.79 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$12.45 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$3.097 billion (31 December 2011); $3.531 billion (31 December 2010); $2.508 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$4.559 billion (2012 est.); -$3.675 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$13.73 billion (2012 est.); $12.79 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "oil, gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds, horticultural products" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "France 13.3%, Italy 12.1%, Netherlands 8.7%, China 7.2%, Germany 4.2% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$17.56 billion (2012 est.); $15.84 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 25.8%, Nigeria 10.9%, US 7%, Netherlands 6.3%, Singapore 4.5%, UK 4.1%, India 4% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$5.705 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.805 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$12.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $11.29 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "cedis (GHC) per US dollar -; 1.796 (2012 est.); 1.512 (2011 est.); 1.431 (2010 est.); 1.409 (2009); 1.1 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "8.764 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "6.122 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "752 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "198 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "1.985 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "40.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "59.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "72,580 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "14,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "43,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "660 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "27,260 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "61,590 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "7,275 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "24,390 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "120 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "120 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "22.65 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "10.58 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "284,700 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "21.166 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed; outdated and unreliable fixed-line infrastructure heavily concentrated in Accra", + "domestic": "competition among multiple mobile-cellular providers has spurred growth with a subscribership of more than 80 per 100 persons and rising", + "international": "country code - 233; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC, Main One, and GLO-1 fiber-optic submarine cables that provide connectivity to South Africa, Europe, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors (2009)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state-owned TV station, 2 state-owned radio networks; several privately owned TV stations and a large number of privately owned radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are accessible; several cable and satellite TV subscription services are obtainable (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".gh" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "59,086 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "1.297 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "10 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "7", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", + "914_to_1_523_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "3", + "914_to_1_523_m": "3 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "gas 394 km; oil 20 km; refined products 361 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "947 km", + "narrow_gauge": "947 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "109,515 km", + "paved": "13,787 km", + "unpaved": "95,728 km (2009)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "1,293 km (168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta) (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "4", + "by_type": "petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 3", + "foreign_owned": "2 (Brazil 1, South Korea 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Takoradi, Tema" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Ghana Army, Ghana Navy, Ghana Air Force (2012)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service, with basic education certificate; no conscription; must be HIV/AIDS negative (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "6,268,191", + "females_age_16_49": "6,194,339 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "4,136,406", + "females_age_16_49": "4,220,761 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "267,896", + "female": "260,992 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2009)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "disputed maritime border between Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "5,156 (Liberia) (2012); 8,532 (Cote d'Ivoire; flight from 2010 post-election fighting) (2013)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and money laundering problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money laundering center; significant domestic cocaine and cannabis use" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/gm-gambia.json b/africa/gm-gambia.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f0fb9499 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/gm-gambia.json @@ -0,0 +1,590 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The Gambia gained its independence from the UK in 1965. Geographically surrounded by Senegal, it formed a short-lived federation of Senegambia between 1982 and 1989. In 1991 the two nations signed a friendship and cooperation treaty, but tensions have flared up intermittently since then. Yahya JAMMEH led a military coup in 1994 that overthrew the president and banned political activity. A new constitution and presidential elections in 1996, followed by parliamentary balloting in 1997, completed a nominal return to civilian rule. JAMMEH has been elected president in all subsequent elections including most recently in late 2011." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "13 28 N, 16 34 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "11,295 sq km", + "land": "10,000 sq km", + "water": "1,295 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Delaware" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "740 km", + "border_countries": "Senegal 740 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "80 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "18 nm", + "exclusive_fishing_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "extent not specified" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "unnamed elevation 53 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "fish, clay, silica sand, titanium (rutile and ilmenite), tin, zircon" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "39.82%", + "permanent_crops": "0.44%", + "other": "59.73% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "50 sq km (2011)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "8 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.09 cu km/yr (41%/21%/39%)", + "per_capita": "65.77 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years)" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation; desertification; water-borne diseases prevalent" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Gambian(s)", + "adjective": "Gambian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1% (2003 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Muslim 90%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 2%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "1,883,051 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "39.2% (male 369,966/female 367,285)", + "15_24_years": "21.1% (male 196,194/female 201,206)", + "25_54_years": "32.5% (male 299,837/female 312,864)", + "55_64_years": "4% (male 36,330/female 38,464)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.2% (male 28,722/female 32,183) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "93.5 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "88.9 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.6 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "21.6 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "19.9 years", + "male": "19.6 years", + "female": "20.2 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.29% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "32.59 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "7.38 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-2.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "57.3% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.63% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "BANJUL (capital) 436,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.9 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "360 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "67.63 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "73.15 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "61.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "64.09 years", + "male": "61.78 years", + "female": "66.47 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "3.98 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "13.3% (2010)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "5.7% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.04 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.1 beds/1,000 population (2011)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 92% of population; rural: 85% of population; total: 89% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 8% of population; rural: 15% of population; total: 11% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 70% of population; rural: 65% of population; total: 68% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 30% of population; rural: 35% of population; total: 32% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "2% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "18,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "7.9% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "15.8% (2006)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "3.9% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "51.1%", + "male": "60.9%", + "female": "41.9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "8.6 years (2008)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "103,389", + "percentage": "25 % (2006 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of The Gambia", + "conventional_short_form": "The Gambia" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Banjul", + "geographic_coordinates": "13 27 N, 16 34 W", + "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "5 divisions and 1 city*; Banjul*, Central River, Lower River, North Bank, Upper River, Western" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "18 February 1965 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 18 February (1965)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; effective 16 January 1997" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law, and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Yahya JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996); note - from 1994 to 1996 he was chairman of the junta; Vice President Isatou NJIE-SAIDY (since 20 March 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Yahya JAMMEH (since 18 October 1996); Vice President Isatou NJIE-SAIDY (since 20 March 1997)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 24 November 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", + "election_results": "Yahya JAMMEH reelected president; percent of vote - Yahya JAMMEH 71.5%, Ousainou DARBOE 17.4%, Hamat BAH 11.1%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (53 seats; 48 members elected by popular vote, 5 appointed by the president; members to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 29 March 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - APRC 51.8%, independents 38.8%, NRP 9.4%; seats by party - APRC 43, independents 4, NRP 1", + "note": "except for the NRP, all opposition parties boycotted the 29 March 2012 legislative elections" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of The Gambia (consists of the chief justice and 6 other justices); note - court sessions held with 5 justices", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices appointed by the president after consultation with the Judicial Service Commission, a 6-member independent body of high-level judicial officials, a presidential appointee, and a National Assembly appointee; justices appointed for life or until mandatory retirement age", + "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeal; High Court; Special Criminal Court; Khadis or Muslim courts; district tribunals; magistrates courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Yahya JAMMEH] (the ruling party); Gambia People's Democratic Party or GPDP [Henry GOMEZ]; National Alliance for Democracy and Development or NADD [Halifa SALLAH]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sheriff DIBBA]; National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat BAH]; People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Halifa SALLAH]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "National Environment Agency or NEA; West African Peace Building Network-Gambian Chapter or WANEB-GAMBIA; Youth Employment Network Gambia or YENGambia", + "other": "special needs group advocates; teachers and principals" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Baboucarr JARROW", + "chancery": "Suite 240, Georgetown Plaza, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 785-1379, 1399, 1425", + "fax": "[1] (202) 342-0240" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Edward M. ALFORD", + "embassy": "Kairaba Avenue, Fajara, Banjul", + "mailing_address": "P. M. B. No. 19, Banjul", + "telephone": "[220] 439-2856, 437-6169, 437-6170", + "fax": "[220] 439-2475" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and green; red stands for the sun and the savannah, blue represents the Gambia River, and green symbolizes forests and agriculture; the white stripes denote unity and peace" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "lion" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"For The Gambia, Our Homeland\"", + "lyrics_music": "Virginia Julie HOWE/adapted by Jeremy Frederick HOWE", + "note": "adopted 1965; the music is an adaptation of the traditional Mandinka song \"Foday Kaba Dumbuya\"" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "The Gambia has sparse natural resource deposits and a limited agricultural base, and relies in part on remittances from workers overseas and tourist receipts. About three-quarters of the population depends on the agricultural sector for its livelihood and the sector provides for about one-quarter of GDP. The agricultural sector has untapped potential - less than half of arable land is cultivated. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of peanuts, fish, and hides. The Gambia's natural beauty and proximity to Europe has made it one of the larger markets for tourism in West Africa, boosted by government and private sector investments in eco-tourism and upscale facilities. In 2012, however, sluggish tourism led to a decline in GDP. Tourism brings in about one-fifth of GDP. Agriculture also took a hit in 2012 due to unfavorable weather patterns. The Gambia's re-export trade accounts for almost 80% of goods exports. Unemployment and underemployment rates remain high. Economic progress depends on sustained bilateral and multilateral aid, on responsible government economic management, and on continued technical assistance from multilateral and bilateral donors. International donors and lenders continue to be concerned about the quality of fiscal management and The Gambia's debt burden." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$3.459 billion (2012 est.); $3.327 billion (2011 est.); $3.476 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$918 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.9% (2012 est.); -4.3% (2011 est.); 6.5% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,900 (2012 est.); $1,900 (2011 est.); $2,000 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "11.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 15.3% of GDP (2011 est.); 16.6% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "81.9%", + "government_consumption": "16.1%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "27.8%", + "investment_in_inventories": "1.7%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "42%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-69.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "22.3%", + "industry": "18.3%", + "services": "59.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "rice, millet, sorghum, peanuts, corn, sesame, cassava (manioc), palm kernels; cattle, sheep, goats" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "processing peanuts, fish, and hides; tourism, beverages, agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking, clothing" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "-3% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "777,100 (2007)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "75%", + "industry": "19%", + "services": "6% (1996)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "48.4% (2010 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2%", + "highest_10%": "36.9% (2003)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "50.2 (1998); " + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$180.8 million", + "expenditures": "$208.9 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "19.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-3.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "4.7% (2012 est.); 4.8% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "9% (31 December 2009); 11% (31 December 2008)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "26.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 28% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$212.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $220.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$512.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $487.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$374.4 million (31 December 2012 est.); $380.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$155.5 million (2012 est.); -$119.1 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$104.7 million (2012 est.); $104.5 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "China 57.3%, India 18%, France 4.6%, UK 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$360.3 million (2012 est.); $328.4 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel, machinery and transport equipment" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 27.1%, Senegal 8.4%, Brazil 8%, UK 6.3%, India 6%, Indonesia 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$236.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $223.2 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$480.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $466.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "dalasis (GMD) per US dollar -; 32.0771 (2012 est.); 29.4615 (2011 est.); 28.012 (2010 est.); 26.6444 (2009); 22.75 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "240 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "223.2 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "53,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "3,181 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "41.62 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "2,913 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "291,000 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "50,400 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "1.4 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "adequate microwave radio relay and open-wire network; state-owned Gambia Telecommunications partially privatized in 2007", + "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity, aided by multiple mobile-cellular providers, is roughly 80 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 220; microwave radio relay links to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; a landing station for the Africa Coast to Europe (ACE) undersea fiber-optic cable is scheduled for completion in 2011; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state-owned, single-channel TV service; state-owned radio station and 4 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available, some via shortwave radio; cable and satellite TV subscription services are obtainable in some parts of the country (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".gm" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "656 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "130,100 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "1", + "over_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "3,742 km", + "paved": "723 km", + "unpaved": "3,019 km (2004)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "390 km (on River Gambia; small ocean-going vessels can reach 190 km) (2010)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "4", + "by_type": "passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 1 (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Banjul" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Office of the Chief of Defense Staff: Gambian National Army (GNA), Gambian Navy (GN), Republican National Guard (RNG) (2010)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "423,306", + "females_age_16_49": "438,641 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "315,176", + "females_age_16_49": "347,017 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "20,508", + "female": "20,853 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.7% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "attempts to stem refugees, cross-border raids, arms smuggling, and other illegal activities by separatists from southern Senegal's Casamance region, as well as from conflicts in other west African states" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "9,042 (Senegal) (2012)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "The Gambia is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Gambian women, children, and, to a lesser extent, boys are exploited for prostitution and domestic servitude; women, girls, and boys from West African countries are trafficked to the Gambia for sexual exploitation, particularly catering to European tourists seeking sex with children; some Gambian trafficking victims have been identified in neighboring West African countries and the UK; boys in some Koranic schools are forced into street vending or begging", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - The Gambia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has sustained its modest anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts, opening some investigations but failing to initiate any prosecutions or to formally identify any victims; a government program was launched providing resources and financial support to 12 Koranic schools on the condition that their students are not forced to beg (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/gn-guinea.json b/africa/gn-guinea.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ff91bbe3 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/gn-guinea.json @@ -0,0 +1,600 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Guinea has had a history of authoritarian rule since gaining its independence from France in 1958. Lansana CONTE came to power in 1984 when the military seized the government after the death of the first president, Sekou TOURE. Guinea did not hold democratic elections until 1993 when Gen. CONTE (head of the military government) was elected president of the civilian government. He was reelected in 1998 and again in 2003, though all the polls were marred by irregularities. History repeated itself in December 2008 when following President CONTE's death, Capt. Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seizing power and suspending the constitution. His unwillingness to yield to domestic and international pressure to step down led to heightened political tensions that culminated in September 2009 when presidential guards opened fire on an opposition rally killing more than 150 people, and in early December 2009 when CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and evacuated to Morocco and subsequently to Burkina Faso. A transitional government led by Gen. Sekouba KONATE held democratic elections in 2010 and Alpha CONDE was elected president in the country's first free and fair elections since independence. CONDE in July 2011 survived an attack on his residence allegedly perpetrated by the military. In October 2012, he announced a cabinet reshuffle that removed three members of the military from their positions, making the current administration Guinea's first all-civilian government." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "11 00 N, 10 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "245,857 sq km", + "land": "245,717 sq km", + "water": "140 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Oregon" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "3,399 km", + "border_countries": "Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Guinea-Bissau 386 km, Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "320 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Mont Nimba 1,752 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish, salt" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "11.59%", + "permanent_crops": "2.81%", + "other": "85.6% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "949.2 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "226 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.55 cu km/yr (39%/10%/51%)", + "per_capita": "64.3 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation; inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing, overpopulation in forest region; poor mining practices have led to environmental damage" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "the Niger and its important tributary the Milo have their sources in the Guinean highlands" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Guinean(s)", + "adjective": "Guinean" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Peuhl 40%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, smaller ethnic groups 10%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "French (official)", + "note": "each ethnic group has its own language" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Muslim 85%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 7%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "11,176,026 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "42.2% (male 2,383,432/female 2,333,960)", + "15_24_years": "19.4% (male 1,096,664/female 1,075,842)", + "25_54_years": "30.4% (male 1,700,026/female 1,691,910)", + "55_64_years": "4.4% (male 235,705/female 259,752)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.6% (male 175,896/female 222,839) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "83.2 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "77.5 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.7 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "17.5 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "18.6 years", + "male": "18.4 years", + "female": "18.8 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.64% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "36.3 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "9.94 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "35.4% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.86% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "CONAKRY (capital) 1.597 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.79 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "18.8 (2005 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "610 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "57.11 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "60.14 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "53.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "59.11 years", + "male": "57.6 years", + "female": "60.66 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4.99 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "5.6% (2012)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "4.9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.1 physicians/1,000 population (2005)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.3 beds/1,000 population (2011)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 90% of population; rural: 65% of population; total: 74% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 10% of population; rural: 35% of population; total: 26% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 32% of population; rural: 11% of population; total: 18% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 68% of population; rural: 89% of population; total: 82% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "1.3% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "79,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "4,700 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "aerosolized_dust_or_soil_contact_disease": "Lassa fever", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "4.4% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "20.8% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "3.1% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "41%", + "male": "52%", + "female": "30% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "10 years", + "male": "11 years", + "female": "8 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "571,774", + "percentage": "25 % (2003 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Guinea", + "conventional_short_form": "Guinea", + "local_long_form": "Republique de Guinee", + "local_short_form": "Guinee", + "former": "French Guinea" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Conakry", + "geographic_coordinates": "9 30 N, 13 42 W", + "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "33 prefectures and 1 special zone (zone special)*; Beyla, Boffa, Boke, Conakry*, Coyah, Dabola, Dalaba, Dinguiraye, Dubreka, Faranah, Forecariah, Fria, Gaoual, Gueckedou, Kankan, Kerouane, Kindia, Kissidougou, Koubia, Koundara, Kouroussa, Labe, Lelouma, Lola, Macenta, Mali, Mamou, Mandiana, Nzerekore, Pita, Siguiri, Telimele, Tougue, Yomou" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "2 October 1958 (from France)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 2 October (1958)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "7 May 2010 (Loi Fundamentale)" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the French model" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Alpha CONDE (since 21 December 2010)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Mohamed Said FOFANA (since 24 December 2010)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); candidate must receive a majority of the votes cast to be elected president; election last held on 27 June 2010 with a runoff election held on 7 November 2010", + "election_results": "Alpha CONDE elected president in a runoff election; percent of vote Alpha CONDE 52.5%, Cellou Dalein DIALLO 47.5%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "the legislature was dissolved by junta leader Moussa Dadis CAMARA in December 2008 and in February 2010, the Transition Government appointed a 155 member National Transition Council (CNT) that has since acted in the legislature's place", + "elections": "last held on 30 June 2002 (next election scheduled for 24 September 2013)" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into Constitutional, Civil, Penal, Commercial, and Administrative Chambers, and Chamber of Accounts; court consists of the first president, chamber presidents, and NA members)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "court first president appointed by the national president after consultation with the National Assembly; other members appointed by presidential decree; member tenure NA", + "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; courts of first instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; labor court; military tribunal; High Court of Justice; justices of the peace" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "National Party for Hope and Development or PEDN [Lansana KOUYATE]; Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha CONDE]; Union for the Progress of Guinea or UPG [Jean Marie DORE]; Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [Cellou Dalein DIALLO]; Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]; ", + "note": "listed are the five most popular parties as of December 2012; overall, there are more than 130 registered parties" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "National Confederation of Guinean Workers-Labor Union of Guinean Workers or CNTG-USTG Alliance (includes National Confederation of Guinean Workers or CNTG and Labor Union of Guinean Workers or USTG); Syndicate of Guinean Teachers and Researchers or SLECG" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Blaise CHERIF", + "chancery": "2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 986-4300", + "fax": "[1] (202) 478-3010" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Patricia Newton MOLLER", + "embassy": "Koloma, Conakry, east of Hamdallaye Circle", + "mailing_address": "B. P. 603, Transversale No. 2, Centre Administratif de Koloma, Commune de Ratoma, Conakry", + "telephone": "[224] 65-10-40-00", + "fax": "[224] 65-10-42-97" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; red represents the people's sacrifice for liberation and work; yellow stands for the sun, for the riches of the earth, and for justice; green symbolizes the country's vegetation and unity", + "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the colors from left to right are the reverse of those on the flags of neighboring Mali and Senegal" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Liberte\" (Liberty)", + "lyrics_music": "unknown/Fodeba KEITA", + "note": "adopted 1958" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Guinea is a poor country that possesses major mineral, hydropower, and agricultural resources. The country has almost half of the world's bauxite reserves and significant iron ore, gold, and diamond reserves. However, Guinea has been unable to profit from this potential, as rampant corruption, dilapidated infrastructure, and political uncertainty have drained investor confidence. In the time since a 2008 coup following the death of long-term President Lansana CONTE, international donors, including the G-8, the IMF, and the World Bank, have significantly curtailed their development programs. Throughout 2009, policies of the ruling military junta severely weakened the economy. The junta leaders spent and printed money at an accelerating rate, driving inflation and debt to perilously high levels. In early 2010, the junta collapsed and was replaced by a transition government, which ceded power in December 2010 to the country's first-ever democratically elected president, Alpha CONDE. International assistance and investment are expected to return to Guinea, but the levels will depend upon the ability of the new government to combat corruption, reform its banking system, improve its business environment, and build infrastructure. IMF and World Bank programs will be especially critical as Guinea attempts to gain debt relief. International investors have expressed keen interest in Guinea''s vast iron ore reserves, which could further propel the country''s growth. The government put forward a new mining code in September 2011 that includes provisions to combat corruption, protect the environment, and review all existing mining contracts. Longer range plans to deploy broadband Internet throughout the country could spur economic growth as well." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$12.37 billion (2012 est.); $11.9 billion (2011 est.); $11.45 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$5.632 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.9% (2012 est.); 3.9% (2011 est.); 1.9% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,100 (2012 est.); $1,100 (2011 est.); $1,100 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "-20.9% of GDP (2012 est.); -6.4% of GDP (2011 est.); 3.6% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "88.6%", + "government_consumption": "14.7%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "17.4%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "26.6%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-47.3% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "22%", + "industry": "45%", + "services": "33% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "rice, coffee, pineapples, palm kernels, cassava (manioc), bananas, sweet potatoes; cattle, sheep, goats; timber" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "bauxite, gold, diamonds, iron; alumina refining; light manufacturing, and agricultural processing" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "4.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "4.771 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "76%", + "industry_and_services": "24% (2006 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "47% (2006 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.7%", + "highest_10%": "30.3% (2007)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "39.4 (2007); 40.3 (1994)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$1.328 billion", + "expenditures": "$1.639 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "23.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-5.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "15.2% (2012 est.); 21.4% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "NA% (31 December 2010 est.); 22.25% (31 December 2005)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "27% (31 December 2012 est.); 28% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$1.428 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.38 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$1.915 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.731 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$1.468 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.533 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$1.754 billion (2012 est.); -$1.215 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$1.348 billion (2012 est.); $1.428 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "bauxite, alumina, gold, diamonds, coffee, fish, agricultural products" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "India 10.3%, Spain 9.2%, Chile 9%, US 6.9%, Germany 6.1%, Ireland 6%, Ukraine 5.5%, France 4.8% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$2.606 billion (2012 est.); $2.097 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment, textiles, grain and other foodstuffs" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 14%, Netherlands 7.6% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$174.3 million (31 December 2012 est.); $111.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$2.584 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.139 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Guinean francs (GNF) per US dollar -; 6,986.1 (2012 est.); 6,658 (2011 est.); 5,726.1 (2010 est.); 5,500 (2009); 5,500 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "955 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "888.2 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "393,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "68.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "31.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "8,671 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "8,970 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "1.392 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "18,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "4.5 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "inadequate system of open-wire lines, small radiotelephone communication stations, and new microwave radio relay system", + "domestic": "Conakry reasonably well-served; coverage elsewhere remains inadequate and large companies tend to rely on their own systems for nationwide links; fixed-line teledensity less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership is expanding and exceeds 40 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 224; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "government maintains marginal control over broadcast media; single state-run TV station; state-run radio broadcast station also operates several stations in rural areas; a steadily increasing number of privately owned radio stations, nearly all in Conakry, and about a dozen community radio stations; foreign TV programming available via satellite and cable subscription services (2011)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".gn" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "15 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "95,000 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "16 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "4", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "12", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "7", + "914_to_1_523_m": "3", + "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "1,185 km", + "standard_gauge": "238 km 1.435-m gauge", + "narrow_gauge": "947 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "44,348 km", + "paved": "4,342 km", + "unpaved": "40,006 km (2003)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "1,300 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft in the northern part of the Niger system) (2011)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Conakry, Kamsar" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "National Armed Forces: Army, Guinean Navy (Armee de Mer or Marine Guineenne, includes Marines), Guinean Air Force (Force Aerienne de Guinee) (2009)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-25 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; 18-month conscript service obligation (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,359,203", + "females_age_16_49": "2,329,784 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,493,991", + "females_age_16_49": "1,535,418 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "118,443", + "female": "115,901 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "3.4% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "conflicts among rebel groups, warlords, and youth gangs in neighboring states have spilled over into Guinea resulting in domestic instability; Sierra Leone considers Guinea's definition of the flood plain limits to define the left bank boundary of the Makona and Moa rivers excessive and protests Guinea's continued occupation of these lands, including the hamlet of Yenga, occupied since 1998" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "6,552 (Cote d'Ivoire); 5,400 (Liberia) (2012)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Guinea is a source, transit, and, to a lesser extent, a destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; the majority of trafficking victims are Guinean children; Guinean girls are subjected to domestic servitude and commercial sexual exploitation, while boys are forced to beg, work as street vendors or shoe shiners, or miners; some Guinean children are forced to mine in Senegal, Mali, and possibly other West African countries; Guinean women and girls are subjected to domestic servitude and sex trafficking in Nigeria, Cote d'Ivoire, Benin, Senegal, Greece, and Spain, while Chinese and Vietnamese women are reportedly forced into prostitution in Guinea", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Guinea does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; a new police unit has been created to focus on human trafficking and child labor; the government has initiated five new trafficking investigations but has failed to prosecute or convict any trafficking offenders, which represents a decrease in anti-trafficking law enforcement over the previous year; the government fails to provide victims with protective services and has not supported NGOs that assist victims but continues to refer child victims to NGOs on an ad hoc basis; Guinean law does not prohibit all forms of trafficking, excluding, for example, forced prostitution of adults and debt bondage, which are not criminalized (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/gq-equatorial-guinea.json b/africa/gq-equatorial-guinea.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2e478809 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/gq-equatorial-guinea.json @@ -0,0 +1,582 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Equatorial Guinea gained independence in 1968 after 190 years of Spanish rule. This tiny country, composed of a mainland portion plus five inhabited islands, is one of the smallest on the African continent. President Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO has ruled the country since 1979 when he seized power in a coup. Although nominally a constitutional democracy since 1991, the 1996, 2002, and 2009 presidential elections - as well as the 1999, 2004, and 2008 legislative elections - were widely seen as flawed. The president exerts almost total control over the political system and has discouraged political opposition. Equatorial Guinea has experienced rapid economic growth due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves, and in the last decade has become Sub-Saharan Africa's third largest oil exporter. Despite the country's economic windfall from oil production, resulting in a massive increase in government revenue in recent years, improvements in the population's living standards have been slow to develop." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Cameroon and Gabon" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "2 00 N, 10 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "28,051 sq km", + "land": "28,051 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "539 km", + "border_countries": "Cameroon 189 km, Gabon 350 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "296 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; always hot, humid" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Pico Basile 3,008 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "petroleum, natural gas, timber, gold, bauxite, diamonds, tantalum, sand and gravel, clay" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "4.63%", + "permanent_crops": "2.5%", + "other": "92.87% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "26 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.02 cu km/yr (80%/15%/5%)", + "per_capita": "31.41 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "violent windstorms; flash floods", + "volcanism": "Santa Isabel (elev. 3,007 m), which last erupted in 1923, is the country's only historically active volcano; Santa Isabel, along with two dormant volcanoes, form Bioko Island in the Gulf of Guinea" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "tap water is not potable; deforestation" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "insular and continental regions widely separated" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s)", + "adjective": "Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Fang 85.7%, Bubi 6.5%, Mdowe 3.6%, Annobon 1.6%, Bujeba 1.1%, other 1.4% (1994 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Spanish (official) 67.6%, other (includes French (official), Fang, Bubi) 32.4% (1994 census)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic, pagan practices" + }, + "population": { + "text": "704,001 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "41% (male 146,797/female 142,034)", + "15_24_years": "19.4% (male 69,547/female 67,096)", + "25_54_years": "31.3% (male 109,062/female 111,489)", + "55_64_years": "4.2% (male 12,647/female 16,708)", + "65_years_and_over": "4.1% (male 12,163/female 16,458) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "71.4 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "66.6 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.8 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "21 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "19.2 years", + "male": "18.7 years", + "female": "19.8 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.58% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "34.35 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "8.59 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "39.5% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.16% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "MALABO (capital) 137,000 (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.76 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.75 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "240 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "73.12 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "74.18 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "72.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "63.12 years", + "male": "62.09 years", + "female": "64.18 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4.74 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "10.1% (2000)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "4.5% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.3 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "2.1 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 45% of population; rural: 42% of population; total: 43% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 55% of population; rural: 58% of population; total: 57% of population (2000 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "5% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "20,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_disease": "malaria and dengue fever", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "10.6% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "10.6% (2004)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "0.6% of GDP (2003)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "94.2%", + "male": "97.1%", + "female": "91.1% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "8 years", + "male": "9 years", + "female": "7 years (2002)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "35,382", + "percentage": "28 % (2000 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Equatorial Guinea", + "conventional_short_form": "Equatorial Guinea", + "local_long_form": "Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial/Republique de Guinee equatoriale", + "local_short_form": "Guinea Ecuatorial/Guinee equatoriale", + "former": "Spanish Guinea" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Malabo", + "geographic_coordinates": "3 45 N, 8 47 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele-Nzas" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "12 October 1968 (from Spain)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 12 October (1968)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "approved by national referendum 17 November 1991; amended January 1995 and November 2011" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed system of civil and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (since 3 August 1979 when he seized power in a military coup)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Vicente Ehate TOMI (since 22 May 2012)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (two term limits); election last held on 29 November 2009 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president; note - according to the constitutional referendum on November 2011, elections are to be held in 2015 and the presidency is limited to two terms", + "election_results": "Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo reelected president; percent of vote - Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo 95.8%, Placido Mico ABOGO 3.6%, other 0.6%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (70 seats; 55 seats directly elected and 15 appointed by the president) and the House of People's Representatives or Camara de Representantes del Pueblo (100 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 26 May 2013 (next to be held in 2018)", + "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE 54, CPDS 1; House of People's Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE 99, CPDS 1", + "note": "note - Parliament has little power since the constitution vests all executive authority in the president; the constitutional referendum of 2011 established a bicameral legislature formed following the May 2013 elections; the newly formed Senate consists of elected and appointed (by the President) members" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief justice and NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 4 members)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president for 5-year terms; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president", + "subordinate_courts": "Court of Guarantees; military courts; Courts of Appeal; first instance tribunals; district and county tribunals" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Placido MICO Abogo]; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE [Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo] (ruling party); Electoral Coalition or EC; Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO]; Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Avelino MOCACHE]; Popular Union or UP [Daniel MARTINEZ Ayecaba]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "ASODEGUE (Madrid-based pressure group for democratic reform); EG Justice (US-based anti-corruption group)" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, CPLP (associate), FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Roman OBAMA Ekua", + "chancery": "2020 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 518-5700", + "fax": "[1] (202) 518-5252", + "consul_generals": "Houston" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mark L. ASQUINO", + "embassy": "K-3, Carretera de Aeropuerto, Al lado de Restaurante El Paraiso, Malabo", + "mailing_address": "B.P. 817, Yaounde, Cameroon; US Embassy Yaounde, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520", + "telephone": "[240] 333 09 88 95" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red, with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side and the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six yellow six-pointed stars (representing the mainland and five offshore islands) above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton tree and below which is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace, Justice); green symbolizes the jungle and natural resources, blue represents the sea that connects the mainland to the islands, white stands for peace, and red recalls the fight for independence" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "silk cotton tree" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Caminemos pisando la senda\" (Let Us Tread the Path)", + "lyrics_music": "Atanasio Ndongo MIYONO/Atanasio Ndongo MIYONO or Ramiro Sanchez LOPEZ (disputed)", + "note": "adopted 1968" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "The discovery and exploitation of large oil and gas reserves have contributed to dramatic economic growth, but fluctuating oil prices have produced huge swings in GDP growth in recent years. The economy is still dominated by hydrocarbon production. The government has solicited foreign investment, particularly from the United States, to diversify the economy. Undeveloped natural resources include gold, zinc, diamonds, columbite-tantalite, and other base metals. Forestry and farming are also minor components of GDP. Subsistence farming is the dominant form of livelihood. Although pre-independence Equatorial Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings, the neglect of the rural economy under successive regimes has diminished potential for agriculture-led growth. The government has stated its intention to reinvest some oil revenue into agriculture. A number of aid programs sponsored by the World Bank and the IMF have been cut off since 1993 because of corruption and mismanagement. The government has been widely criticized for its lack of transparency and misuse of oil revenues. The government has made efforts to address this issue working towards compliance with the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative in 2010. The economy recovered from the global recession in 2011-12 stimulated by higher oil prices and large investments in public infrastructure and hotels." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$19.6 billion (2012 est.); $19.21 billion (2011 est.); $18.38 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$17.21 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "2% (2012 est.); 4.5% (2011 est.); -2.6% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$26,400 (2012 est.); $26,600 (2011 est.); $26,100 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2010 US dollars; population figures are uncertain for Equatorial Guinea; these per capita income figures are based on a estimated population of less than 700,000; some estimates put the figure as high as 1.2 million people; if true, the per capita GDP figures would be significantly lower" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "23% of GDP (2012 est.); 27% of GDP (2011 est.); 35.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "36.7%", + "government_consumption": "3.2%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "32.4%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.6%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "69.3%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-42.1% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "3.1%", + "industry": "89%", + "services": "7.9% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "coffee, cocoa, rice, yams, cassava (manioc), bananas, palm oil nuts; livestock; timber" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "petroleum, natural gas, sawmilling" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "4.1% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "195,200 (2007)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "22.3% (2009 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$6.429 billion", + "expenditures": "$6.585 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "37.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-0.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "7.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 7.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "5.7% (2012 est.); 7% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "8.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "15% (31 December 2012 est.); 15% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$2.683 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.936 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$3.115 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.166 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$439.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $570.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "$290.2 million (2012 est.); -$945 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$14.73 billion (2012 est.); $13.85 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "petroleum products, timber" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Japan 18.8%, France 16.1%, China 11.7%, US 11.3%, Spain 7.1%, Netherlands 7.1%, Italy 5.1% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$7.558 billion (2012 est.); $6.55 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "petroleum sector equipment, other equipment, construction materials, vehicles" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Spain 18%, China 17%, US 10.8%, France 7.9%, Cote dIvoire 6.7%, Italy 5.8%, Brazil 4.3% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$4.035 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.054 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$1.852 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.49 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "97 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "90.21 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "31,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "96.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "3.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "302,500 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "299,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "1.1 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "1,588 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "25,670 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "4,561 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "6.74 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "1.58 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "5.16 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "36.81 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "5.005 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "13,500 (2010)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "426,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "digital fixed-line network in most major urban areas and good mobile coverage", + "domestic": "fixed-line density is about 2 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership has been increasing and in 2011 stood at about 60 percent of the population", + "international": "country code - 240; international communications from Bata and Malabo to African and European countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state maintains control of broadcast media with domestic broadcast media limited to 1 state-owned TV station, 1 state-owned radio station, and 1 private radio station owned by the president's eldest son; satellite TV service is available; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are accessible (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".gq" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "7 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "14,400 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "7 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "6", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "condensate 42 km; condensate/gas 5 km; gas 79 km; oil 71 km (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "2,880 km (2000)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "5", + "by_type": "cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, petroleum tanker 3", + "foreign_owned": "1 (Norway 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Bata, Luba, Malabo" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Equatorial Guinea Armed Forces (FAGE): Equatorial Guinea National Guard (Guardia Nacional de Guinea Ecuatoria, GNGE (Army), with Coast Guard (Navy) and Air Wing) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for selective compulsory military service, although conscription is rare in practice; 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service; 2-year service obligation; women hold only administrative positions in the Coast Guard (2013)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "151,147", + "females_age_16_49": "150,345 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "113,277", + "females_age_16_49": "115,320 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "7,398", + "female": "7,126 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.1% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "in 2002, ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but a dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River and imprecisely defined maritime coordinates in the ICJ decision delayed final delimitation; UN urged Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to resolve the sovereignty dispute over Gabon-occupied Mbane and lesser islands and to create a maritime boundary in the hydrocarbon-rich Corisco Bay" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Equatorial Guinea is a source and destination country for women and children subjected to forced labor and sexual exploitation; children have been trafficked from nearby countries for work as domestic servants, market laborers, ambulant vendors, and launderers; women may also be trafficked to Equatorial Guinea from Cameroon, Benin, other neighboring countries, and China for forced labor or prostitution; Equatorial Guinean girls may be encouraged by their parents to engage in the sex trade in urban centers to receive groceries, gifts, housing, and money", + "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Equatorial Guinea does not fully comply with the minimum standards on the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government has initiated no investigations or prosecutions of suspected trafficking offenses and demonstrated no efforts to identify victims or to provide them with necessary services, despite being required to do so under its 2004 anti-trafficking law; the government shows a slight increase in its efforts to prevent trafficking with the creation in 2012 of a working-level committee to combat human trafficking, but it has not launched any public anti-trafficking campaigns or implemented any programs to address forced child labor (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/gw-guinea-bissau.json b/africa/gw-guinea-bissau.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7c34cc09 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/gw-guinea-bissau.json @@ -0,0 +1,576 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Since independence from Portugal in 1974, Guinea-Bissau has experienced considerable political and military upheaval. In 1980, a military coup established authoritarian dictator Joao Bernardo 'Nino' VIEIRA as president. Despite setting a path to a market economy and multiparty system, VIEIRA's regime was characterized by the suppression of political opposition and the purging of political rivals. Several coup attempts through the 1980s and early 1990s failed to unseat him. In 1994 VIEIRA was elected president in the country's first free elections. A military mutiny and resulting civil war in 1998 eventually led to VIEIRA's ouster in May 1999. In February 2000, a transitional government turned over power to opposition leader Kumba YALA after he was elected president in transparent polling. In September 2003, after only three years in office, YALA was overthrown in a bloodless military coup, and businessman Henrique ROSA was sworn in as interim president. In 2005, former President VIEIRA was re-elected president pledging to pursue economic development and national reconciliation; he was assassinated in March 2009. Malam Bacai SANHA was elected in an emergency election held in June 2009, but he passed away in January 2012 from an existing illness. A military coup in April 2012 prevented Guinea-Bissau's second-round presidential election - to determine SANHA's successor - from taking place." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Senegal" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "12 00 N, 15 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "36,125 sq km", + "land": "28,120 sq km", + "water": "8,005 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly less than three times the size of Connecticut" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "724 km", + "border_countries": "Guinea 386 km, Senegal 338 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "350 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "unnamed elevation in the eastern part of the country 300 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, clay, granite, limestone, unexploited deposits of petroleum" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "8.3%", + "permanent_crops": "6.92%", + "other": "84.78% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "225.6 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "31 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.18 cu km/yr (18%/6%/76%)", + "per_capita": "135.7 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; overfishing" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "this small country is swampy along its western coast and low-lying inland" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Bissau-Guinean(s)", + "adjective": "Bissau-Guinean" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "African 99% (includes Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%, Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%), European and mulatto less than 1%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Muslim 50%, indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 10%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "1,660,870 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "40% (male 331,406/female 332,662)", + "15_24_years": "20.2% (male 166,339/female 168,906)", + "25_54_years": "31.9% (male 263,190/female 266,963)", + "55_64_years": "4.7% (male 28,333/female 49,322)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.2% (male 20,807/female 32,942) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "79.7 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "74.5 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.2 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "19.3 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "19.7 years", + "male": "19.1 years", + "female": "20.2 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.95% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "34.28 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "14.77 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "43.9% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.59% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "BISSAU (capital) 302,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.58 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.64 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "790 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "92.66 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "102.42 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "82.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "49.5 years", + "male": "47.53 years", + "female": "51.52 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4.37 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "14% (2010)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "8.5% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.05 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.96 beds/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 91% of population; rural: 53% of population; total: 64% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 9% of population; rural: 47% of population; total: 36% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 44% of population; rural: 9% of population; total: 20% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 56% of population; rural: 91% of population; total: 80% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "2.5% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "22,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "1,200 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "4.9% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "17.2% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "55.3%", + "male": "68.9%", + "female": "42.1% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "9.5 years (2006)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "226,316", + "percentage": "57 % (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Guinea-Bissau", + "conventional_short_form": "Guinea-Bissau", + "local_long_form": "Republica da Guine-Bissau", + "local_short_form": "Guine-Bissau", + "former": "Portuguese Guinea" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Bissau", + "geographic_coordinates": "11 51 N, 15 35 W", + "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "9 regions (regioes, singular - regiao); Bafata, Biombo, Bissau, Bolama, Cacheu, Gabu, Oio, Quinara, Tombali; note - Bolama may have been renamed Bolama-Bijagos" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "24 September 1973 (declared); 10 September 1974 (from Portugal)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 24 September (1973)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "16 May 1984; amended several times" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil law (influenced by the early French Civil Code) and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "[Transitional] President Manuel Serifo NHAMADJO (since 11 May 2012)", + "note": "in the aftermath of the April 2012 coup that deposed the government, an agreement was reached between ECOWAS mediators and the military junta to name NHAMADJO as transitional president with a one-year term; the transitional government has scheduled a presidential election for 24 November 2013", + "head_of_government": "[Transitional] Prime Minister Rui Duarte BARROS (since 16 May 2012)", + "cabinet": "NA", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 18 March 2012 with a runoff between the two leading candidates scheduled for 22 April 2012; prime minister appointed by the president after consultation with party leaders in the legislature", + "election_results": "with no candidate receiving a minimum 50% of the vote in the first round, a runoff between the two leading candidates was scheduled for 22 April 2012; percent of vote (first round) - Carlos GOMES Junior 49.0%, Kumba YALA 23.4%, others 27.6%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National People's Assembly or Assembleia Nacional Popular (100 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 16 November 2008 (legislative elections scheduled for 24 November 2013)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - PAIGC 49.8%, PRS 25.3%, PRID 7.5%, PND 2.4%, AD 1.4%, other parties 13.6%; seats by party - PAIGC 67, PRS 28, PRID 3, PND 1, AD 1" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of 9 judges and organized into Civil, Criminal, and Social and Administrative Disputes Chambers) note - the Supreme Court has both appellate and constitutional jurisdiction", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges nominated by the Higher Council of the Magistrate, a major government organ responsible for judge appointments, dismissals, and discipline of the judiciary; judges appointed by the president with tenure for life", + "subordinate_courts": "Appeal Court; regional (first instance) courts; military court" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde or PAIGC [Rui Dia de SOUSA]; Democratic Alliance or AD [Victor MANDINGA]; New Democracy Party or PND; Party for Social Renewal or PRS [Sory DJALO]; Republican Party for Independence and Development or PRID [Aristides GOMES]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU (suspended), CPLP, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "none; note - Guinea-Bissau does not have official representation in Washington, DC" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "text": "the US Embassy suspended operations on 14 June 1998 in the midst of violent conflict between forces loyal to then President VIEIRA and military-led junta; the US Ambassador to Senegal is accredited to Guinea-Bissau" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black five-pointed star centered in the red band; yellow symbolizes the sun; green denotes hope; red represents blood shed during the struggle for independence; the black star stands for African unity", + "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the flag design was heavily influenced by the Ghanaian flag" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Esta e a Nossa Patria Bem Amada\" (This Is Our Beloved Country)", + "lyrics_music": "Amilcar Lopes CABRAL/XIAO He", + "note": "adopted 1974; a delegation from Portuguese Guinea visited China in 1963 and heard music by XIAO He; Amilcar Lopes CABRA, the leader of Guinea-Bissau's independence movement, asked the composer to create a piece that would inspire his people to struggle for independence" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "One of the poorest countries in the world, Guinea-Bissau's legal economy depends mainly on farming and fishing, but trafficking in narcotics is probably the most lucrative trade. The combination of limited economic prospects, a weak and faction-ridden government, and favorable geography have made this West African country a way station for drugs bound for Europe. Cashew crops have increased remarkably in recent years; low rainfall hindered cereals and other crops in 2011. Guinea-Bissau exports fish and seafood along with small amounts of peanuts, palm kernels, and timber. Rice is the major crop and staple food. However, intermittent fighting between Senegalese-backed government troops and a military junta destroyed much of the country's infrastructure and caused widespread damage to the economy in 1998; the civil war led to a 28% drop in GDP that year, with partial recovery in 1999-2002. In December 2003, the World Bank, IMF, and UNDP were forced to step in to provide emergency budgetary support in the amount of $107 million for 2004, representing over 80% of the total national budget. The government is successfully implementing a three-year $33 million extended credit arrangement with the IMF that runs through 2012. In December 2010 the World Bank and IMF announced support for $1.2 billion worth of debt relief. Guinea-Bissau made progress with debt relief in 2011 when members of the Paris Club opted to write-off much of the country''s obligations." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$1.963 billion (2012 est.); $1.992 billion (2011 est.); $1.891 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$870 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "-1.5% (2012 est.); 5.3% (2011 est.); 3.5% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,200 (2012 est.); $1,300 (2011 est.); $1,200 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "86.3%", + "government_consumption": "12.9%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "12.9%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "21.9%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-33.9% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "55.7%", + "industry": "13.2%", + "services": "31% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "rice, corn, beans, cassava (manioc), cashew nuts, peanuts, palm kernels, cotton; timber; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "632,700 (2007)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "82%", + "industry_and_services": "18% (2000 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.9%", + "highest_10%": "28% (2002)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$129.1 million", + "expenditures": "$153.4 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "14.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-2.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "2.4% (2012 est.); 5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "4.25% (31 December 2009); 4.75% (31 December 2008)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "15% (31 December 2012 est.); 15% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$266.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $308.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$414.3 million (31 December 2012 est.); $364.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$170.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $122.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$151.4 million (2012 est.); -$95.9 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$139.8 million (2012 est.); $244.6 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "fish, shrimp; cashew nuts, peanuts, palm kernels, sawn lumber" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "India 56%, Nigeria 28.4%, Togo 6.6% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$237 million (2012 est.); $327.6 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Portugal 27.8%, Senegal 16.8%, US 7.1%, China 4.8%, Cuba 4.2% (2012)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$1.095 billion (31 December 2010 est.); $941.5 million (31 December 2000 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "65 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "60.45 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "21,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "2,922 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "2,578 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "461,700 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "5,000 (2010)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "869,100 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "small system including a combination of microwave radio relay, open-wire lines, radiotelephone, and mobile-cellular communications", + "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 50 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 245 (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "1 state-owned TV station and a second station, Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP) Africa, is operated by Portuguese public broadcaster (RTP); 1 state-owned radio station, several private radio stations, and some community radio stations; multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".gw" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "90 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "37,100 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "8 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "2", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "6", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "2", + "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "3,455 km", + "paved": "965 km", + "unpaved": "2,490 km (2002)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "(rivers are navigable for some distance; many inlets and creeks give shallow-water access to much of interior) (2012)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Bissau, Buba, Cacheu, Farim" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "People's Revolutionary Armed Force (FARP): Army, Navy, National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional); Presidential Guard (2012)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-25 years of age for selective compulsory military service (Air Force service is voluntary); 16 years of age or younger, with parental consent, for voluntary service (2013)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "370,790", + "females_age_16_49": "372,171 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "205,460", + "females_age_16_49": "212,277 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "17,639", + "female": "17,865 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "4.3% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "in 2006, political instability within Senegal's Casamance region resulted in thousands of Senegalese refugees, cross-border raids, and arms smuggling into Guinea-Bissau" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "7,700 (Senegal) (2012)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Guinea-Bissau is a country of origin and destination for children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; the scope of the problem of trafficking women or men for forced labor or forced prostitution is unknown; boys reportedly are transported to southern Senegal for forced manual and agricultural labor; girls may be subjected to forced domestic service and child prostitution in Senegal and Guinea; both boys and girls are forced to work as street vendors in cities in Guinea-Bissau and Senegal", + "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - the government of Guinea-Bissau does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; despite enacting an anti-trafficking law and finalizing and adopting a national action plan in 2011, authorities have not conducted any investigations or prosecutions of trafficking offenses; the government has not provided adequate protection to identified trafficking victims, conducted any tangible prevention activities in 2012, or made progress on the implementation of its national action plan (2013)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "increasingly important transit country for South American cocaine en route to Europe; enabling environment for trafficker operations thanks to pervasive corruption; archipelago-like geography around the capital facilitates drug smuggling" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ke-kenya.json b/africa/ke-kenya.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2d6e2b0b --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/ke-kenya.json @@ -0,0 +1,629 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Founding president and liberation struggle icon Jomo KENYATTA led Kenya from independence in 1963 until his death in 1978, when President Daniel MOI took power in a constitutional succession. The country was a de facto one-party state from 1969 until 1982 when the ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU) made itself the sole legal party in Kenya. MOI acceded to internal and external pressure for political liberalization in late 1991. The ethnically fractured opposition failed to dislodge KANU from power in elections in 1992 and 1997, which were marred by violence and fraud, but were viewed as having generally reflected the will of the Kenyan people. President MOI stepped down in December 2002 following fair and peaceful elections. Mwai KIBAKI, running as the candidate of the multiethnic, united opposition group, the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), defeated KANU candidate Uhuru KENYATTA and assumed the presidency following a campaign centered on an anticorruption platform. KIBAKI's NARC coalition splintered in 2005 over a constitutional review process. Government defectors joined with KANU to form a new opposition coalition, the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), which defeated the government's draft constitution in a popular referendum in November 2005. KIBAKI's reelection in December 2007 brought charges of vote rigging from ODM candidate Raila ODINGA and unleashed two months of violence in which as many as 1,500 people died. African Union-sponsored mediation led by former UN Secretary General Kofi ANNAN in late February 2008 resulted in a power-sharing accord bringing ODINGA into the government in the restored position of prime minister. The power sharing accord included a broad reform agenda, the centerpiece of which was constitutional reform. In August 2010, Kenyans overwhelmingly adopted a new constitution in a national referendum. The new constitution introduced additional checks and balances to executive power and significant devolution of power and resources to 47 newly created counties. It also eliminated the position of prime minister following the first presidential election under the new constitution, which occurred on 4 March 2013. Uhuru KENYATTA, the son of founding president Jomo KENYATTA, won the March elections in the first round by a close margin and was sworn into office on 9 April 2013." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "1 00 N, 38 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "580,367 sq km", + "land": "569,140 sq km", + "water": "11,227 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly more than twice the size of Nevada" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "3,477 km", + "border_countries": "Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, South Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "536 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Mount Kenya 5,199 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, zinc, diatomite, gypsum, wildlife, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "9.48%", + "permanent_crops": "1.12%", + "other": "89.4% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "1,032 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "30.7 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "2.74 cu km/yr (17%/4%/79%)", + "per_capita": "72.96 cu m/yr (2003)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons", + "volcanism": "limited volcanic activity; the Barrier (elev. 1,032 m) last erupted in 1921; South Island is the only other historically active volcano" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers are found on Mount Kenya, Africa's second highest peak; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Kenyan(s)", + "adjective": "Kenyan" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Christian 82.5% (Protestant 47.4%, Catholic 23.3%, other 11.8%), Muslim 11.1%, Traditionalists 1.6%, other 1.7%, none 2.4%, unspecified 0.7% (2009 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "44,037,656 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "42.4% (male 9,357,084/female 9,299,586)", + "15_24_years": "18.8% (male 4,148,153/female 4,147,896)", + "25_54_years": "32.4% (male 7,210,891/female 7,070,217)", + "55_64_years": "3.6% (male 719,374/female 876,458)", + "65_years_and_over": "2.7% (male 529,873/female 678,124) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "81.5 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "76.6 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.9 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "20.6 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "18.9 years", + "male": "18.8 years", + "female": "19 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.27% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "30.08 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "7.12 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-0.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "24% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "4.36% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "NAIROBI (capital) 3.375 million; Mombassa 966,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.82 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.79 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "19.8", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2009 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "360 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "42.18 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "46.89 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "37.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "63.29 years", + "male": "61.84 years", + "female": "64.77 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "3.76 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "45.5% (2008/09)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "4.8% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.14 physicians/1,000 population (2002)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 82% of population; rural: 52% of population; total: 59% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 18% of population; rural: 48% of population; total: 41% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 32% of population; rural: 32% of population; total: 32% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 68% of population; rural: 68% of population; total: 68% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "6.3% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "1.5 million (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "80,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_disease": "malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "4.2% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "16.4% (2009)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "6.7% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "87.4%", + "male": "90.6%", + "female": "84.2% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "11 years", + "male": "11 years", + "female": "11 years (2009)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "2,146,058", + "percentage": "26 % (2000 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Kenya", + "conventional_short_form": "Kenya", + "local_long_form": "Republic of Kenya/Jamhuri ya Kenya", + "local_short_form": "Kenya", + "former": "British East Africa" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Nairobi", + "geographic_coordinates": "1 17 S, 36 49 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "47 counties; Baringo, Bomet, Bungoma, Busia, Elgeyo/Marakwet, Embu, Garissa, Homa Bay, Isiolo, Kajiado, Kakamega, Kericho, Kiambu, Kilifi, Kirinyaga, Kisii, Kisumu, Kitui, Kwale, Laikipia, Lamu, Machakos, Makueni, Mandera, Marsabit, Meru, Migori, Mombasa, Murang'a, Nairobi City, Nakuru, Nandi, Narok, Nyamira, Nyandarua, Nyeri, Samburu, Siaya, Taita/Taveta, Tana River, Tharaka-Nithi, Trans Nzoia, Turkana, Uasin Gishu, Vihiga, Wajir, West Pokot" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "12 December 1963 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 12 December (1963); Madaraka Day, 1 June (1963); Mashujaa Day, 20 October (2010)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "27 August 2010; note - the new constitution introduced major institutional, electoral, and structural reforms, including devolution of power to 47 counties and establishment of a bicameral legislature; implementation of all elements of the constitution is scheduled to take five years and requires significant legislative action, much of which has been taken" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law, and customary law; judicial review in a new Supreme Court established pursuant to the new constitution" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Uhuru KENYATTA (since 9 April 2013); Deputy President William RUTO (since 9 April 2013); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Uhuru KENYATTA (since 9 April 2013); Deputy President William RUTO (since 9 April 2013); note - according to the 2008 power sharing agreement the role of prime minister was created though not well defined, following the new constitution the position was abolished after the March 2013 elections", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); in addition to receiving a simple majority of votes, the presidential candidate must also win 25% or more of the vote in at least five of Kenya's seven provinces and one area to avoid a runoff; election last held on 4 March 2013 (next to be held in 2018); vice president appointed by the president; note - the new constitution had set elections for August 2011 but elections were delayed to 2013", + "election_results": "President Uhuru KENYATTA elected in first round; percent of vote - Uhuru KENYATTA 50.5%, Raila ODINGA 43.7%, Musalia MUDAVADI 4.0%, other 1.8%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral parliament consists of a Senate (67 seats) and a National Assembly (349 seats); members to serve five-year terms", + "elections": "last held on 4 March 2013 (next to be held in 2018)", + "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ODM 96, TNA 89, URP 75, WDM-K 26, UDF 12, FORD-K 10, KANU 6, NFK 6, APK 5, FORD-P 4, Independents 4, other 16 National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ODM 96, TNA 89, URP 75, WDM-K 26, UDF 12, FORD-K 10, KANU 6, NFK 6, APK 5, FORD-P 4, Independents 4, other 16" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of chief and deputy chief justices and five judges)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief and deputy chief justices nominated by Judicial Service Commission (JCS) and appointed by president with approval of the National Assembly; other judges nominated by the JCS and appointed by president; chief justice serves nonrenewable 10-year terms or till age 70 whichever comes first; other judges serve till age 70", + "subordinate_courts": "High Court; Court of Appeal; courts martial; magistrates' courts; religious courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Kenya African National Union or KANU [Gideon MOI]; The National Party Alliance or TNA [Uhuru KENYATTA]; National Rainbow Coalition-Kenya or NARC-Kenya [Martha KARUA]; Orange Democratic Movement of Kenya or ODM [Raila ODINGA]; Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya or ODM-K [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]; Party of National Unity or PNU [Mwai KIBAKI]; United Democratic Forum Party or UDF [Musalia MUDAVADI]; United Republican Party or URP [William RUTO]; Wiper Democratic Movement or WDM [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Council of Islamic Preachers of Kenya or CIPK [Sheikh Idris MOHAMMED]; Kenya Human Rights Commission [L. Muthoni WANYEKI]; Muslim Human Rights Forum [Ali-Amin KIMATHI]; National Muslim Leaders Forum or NAMLEF [Abdullahi ABDI]; Protestant National Council of Churches of Kenya or NCCK [Canon Peter Karanja MWANGI]; Roman Catholic and other Christian churches; Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims or SUPKEM [Shaykh Abdul Gafur al-BUSAIDY]; ", + "other": "labor unions, Kenya Association of Manufacturers, Kenya Private Sector Alliance" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Elkanah ODEMBO Absalom", + "chancery": "2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 387-6101", + "fax": "[1] (202) 462-3829", + "consulates_general": "Los Angeles", + "consulates": "New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Robert F. GODEC", + "embassy": "US Embassy, United Nations Avenue, Nairobi; P. O. Box 606 Village Market, Nairobi 00621", + "mailing_address": "Box 21A, Unit 64100, APO AE 09831", + "telephone": "[254] (20) 363-6000", + "fax": "[254] (20) 363-6157" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large Maasai warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center; black symbolizes the majority population, red the blood shed in the struggle for freedom, green stands for natural wealth, and white for peace; the shield and crossed spears symbolize the defense of freedom" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "lion" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu\" (Oh God of All Creation)", + "lyrics_music": "Graham HYSLOP, Thomas KALUME, Peter KIBUKOSYA, Washington OMONDI, and George W. SENOGA-ZAKE/traditional, adapted by Graham HYSLOP, Thomas KALUME, Peter KIBUKOSYA, Washington OMONDI, and George W. SENOGA-ZAKE", + "note": "adopted 1963; the anthem is based on a traditional Kenyan folk song" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Kenya has been hampered by corruption and by reliance upon several primary goods whose prices have remained low. Low infrastructure investment threatens Kenya's long-term position as the largest East African economy. In the key December 2002 elections, Daniel MOI's 24-year-old reign ended, and a new opposition government took on the formidable economic problems facing the nation. After some early progress in rooting out corruption and encouraging donor support, the KIBAKI government was rocked by high-level graft scandals in 2005 and 2006. In 2006, the World Bank and IMF delayed loans pending action by the government on corruption. The international financial institutions and donors have since resumed lending, despite little action on the government''s part to deal with corruption. Unemployment is very high. The country has experienced chronic budget deficits, inflationary pressures, and sharp currency depreciation - as a result of high food and fuel import prices. The discovery of oil in March 2012 provides an opportunity for Kenya to balance its growing trade deficit if the deposits are found to be commercially viable and Kenya is able to develop a port and pipeline to export its oil." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$77.14 billion (2012 est.); $73.67 billion (2011 est.); $70.58 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$41.12 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "4.7% (2012 est.); 4.4% (2011 est.); 5.8% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,800 (2012 est.); $1,800 (2011 est.); $1,800 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "11.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 11% of GDP (2011 est.); 11.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "74.6%", + "government_consumption": "17.8%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "22%", + "investment_in_inventories": "-0.6%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "28%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-41.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "24.2%", + "industry": "14.8%", + "services": "61% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "tea, coffee, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables; dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, clothing, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products, horticulture, oil refining; aluminum, steel, lead; cement, commercial ship repair, tourism" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "18.89 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "75%", + "industry_and_services": "25% (2007 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "40% (2008 est.); 40% (2001 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "50% (2000 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "1.8%", + "highest_10%": "37.8% (2005)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "42.5 (2008 est.); 44.9 (1997)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$7.418 billion", + "expenditures": "$9.485 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "18% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-5% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "51.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 52.9% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 July - 30 June" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "9.4% (2012 est.); 14% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "7% (31 December 2010 est.); NA% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "19.7% (31 December 2012 est.); 15.05% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$8.264 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.32 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$21.23 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $17.89 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$19.59 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $18.25 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$10.2 billion (31 December 2011); $14.46 billion (31 December 2010); $10.76 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$3.948 billion (2012 est.); -$3.536 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$6.285 billion (2012 est.); $5.792 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "tea, horticultural products, coffee, petroleum products, fish, cement" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Uganda 10.5%, Tanzania 10.2%, Netherlands 7.1%, UK 6.7%, US 5.8%, Egypt 5.2%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 4.5% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$15.1 billion (2012 est.); $14.16 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel, resins and plastics" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "India 20.7%, China 15.3%, UAE 9.5%, Saudi Arabia 6.7% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$5.712 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.265 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$11.01 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.26 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$3.059 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.618 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$319.4 million (31 December 2012 est.); $299.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Kenyan shillings (KES) per US dollar -; 84.53 (2012 est.); 88.811 (2011 est.); 79.233 (2010 est.); 77.352 (2009); 68.358 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "6.573 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "5.516 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "27 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "38 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "1.706 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "43.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "43.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "12.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "32,560 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "30,960 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "79,410 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "1,065 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "34,990 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "12.25 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "283,500 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "28.08 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "inadequate; fixed-line telephone system is small and inefficient; trunks are primarily microwave radio relay; business data commonly transferred by a very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system", + "domestic": "sole fixed-line provider, Telkom Kenya, is slated for privatization; multiple providers in the mobile-cellular segment of the market fostering a boom in mobile-cellular telephone usage with teledensity reaching 65 per 100 persons in 2011", + "international": "country code - 254; landing point for the EASSy, TEAMS and SEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "about a half-dozen privately owned TV stations and a state-owned TV broadcaster that operates 2 channels; satellite and cable TV subscription services available; state-owned radio broadcaster operates 2 national radio channels and provides regional and local radio services in multiple languages; a large number of private radio stations, including provincial stations broadcasting in local languages; transmissions of several international broadcasters available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".ke" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "71,018 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "3.996 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "197 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "16", + "over_3_047_m": "5", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", + "914_to_1_523_m": "6", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "181", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "14", + "914_to_1_523_m": "107", + "under_914_m": "60 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "oil 4 km; refined products 928 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "2,066 km", + "narrow_gauge": "2,066 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "160,886 km", + "paved": "11,197 km", + "unpaved": "149,689 km (2008)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "none specifically, the only significant inland waterway in the country is the part of Lake Victoria within the boundaries of Kenya; Kisumu is the main port and has ferry connections to Uganda and Tanzania (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "registered_in_other_countries": "5 (Comoros 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2, unknown 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Kisumu, Mombasa" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Kenya Defence Forces: Kenya Army, Kenya Air Force, Kenya Navy (2012)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-26 years of age for male and female voluntary service (under 18 with parental consent), with a 9-year obligation (7 years for Kenyan Navy); applicants must be Kenyan citizens and provide a national identity card (obtained at age 18) and a school-leaving certificate; women serve under the same terms and conditions as men; mandatory retirement at age 55 (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "9,768,140", + "females_age_16_49": "9,466,257 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "6,361,268", + "females_age_16_49": "6,106,870 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "422,104", + "female": "416,927 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Kenya served as an important mediator in brokering Sudan's north-south separation in February 2005; Kenya provides shelter to almost a quarter million refugees, including Ugandans who flee across the border periodically to seek protection from Lord's Resistance Army rebels; Kenya works hard to prevent the clan and militia fighting in Somalia from spreading across the border, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists; the boundary that separates Kenya's and Sudan's sovereignty is unclear in the \"Ilemi Triangle,\" which Kenya has administered since colonial times" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "34,800 (South Sudan); 34,000 (Ethiopia); 11,500 (Democratic Republic of Congo); 6,000 (Sudan) (2012); 471,914 (Somalia) (2013)", + "idps": "at least 300,000 (2007-08 post-election violence; the status of the estimated 300,000 IDPs from the 2007-08 post-election violence who found refuge in host communities rather than camps - and IDPs displaced through natural disasters, drought, development and environmental projects, land disputes, cattle rustling, and inter-communal violence - is not captured in Kenya's national database; in 2012, inter-communal violence displaced approximately 118,000 people and floods displaced an estimated 100,000) (2012)", + "stateless_persons": "20,000 (2012); note - the stateless population is composed of Nubians, Kenyan Somalis, and coastal Arabs; the Nubians are descendants of Sudanese soldiers recruited by the British to fight for them in East Africa more than a century ago; they did not receive Kenyan citizenship when the country became independent in 1963; only recently have Nubians become a formally recognized tribe and had less trouble obtaining national IDs; Galjeel and other Somalis who have lived in Kenya for decades are lumped in with more recent Somali refugees and denied ID cards" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Kenya is a source, transit, and destination country for adults and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Kenyan children are forced to work in domestic service, agriculture, fishing, cattle herding, street vending, begging, and prostitution; Kenyan economic migrants to other East African countries, South Sudan, Europe, the US, and the Middle East are at times exploited in domestic servitude, massage parlors or brothels, or forced manual labor; children from Burundi, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda are subjected to forced labor and prostitution in Kenya; Somali refugees living in the Dadaab complex may be forced into prostitution or work on tobacco farms", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Kenya does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; the government enacted the Counter-Trafficking in Persons Act in October 2012 but has not launched and implemented its national plan of action, convened the Counter-Trafficking in Persons Advisory Committee, taken tangible action against trafficking complicity among law enforcement officials, provided shelter and other protective services for adult victims, monitor the work of overseas labor recruitment agencies, or provide wide-scale anti-trafficking training to its officials; efforts to assist and care for child victims remain strong; corruption among officials continue to hamper efforts to bring traffickers to justice (2013)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa; significant potential for money-laundering activity given the country's status as a regional financial center; massive corruption, and relatively high levels of narcotics-associated activities" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/km-comoros.json b/africa/km-comoros.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..94dd5193 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/km-comoros.json @@ -0,0 +1,562 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Comoros has endured more than 20 coups or attempted coups since gaining independence from France in 1975. In 1997, the islands of Anjouan and Moheli declared independence from Comoros. In 1999, military chief Col. AZALI seized power of the entire government in a bloodless coup, and helped negotiate the 2000 Fomboni Accords power-sharing agreement in which the federal presidency rotates among the three islands, and each island maintains its local government. AZALI won the 2002 federal presidential election, and each island in the archipelago elected its president. AZALI stepped down in 2006 and President SAMBI was elected to office. In 2007, Mohamed BACAR effected Anjouan's de-facto secession from the Union of Comoros, refusing to step down when Comoros' other islands held legitimate elections in July. The African Union (AU) initially attempted to resolve the political crisis by applying sanctions and a naval blockade to Anjouan, but in March 2008 the AU and Comoran soldiers seized the island. The island's inhabitants generally welcomed the move. In May 2011, Ikililou DHOININE won the presidency in peaceful elections widely deemed to be free and fair." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Southern Africa, group of islands at the northern mouth of the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "12 10 S, 44 15 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "2,235 sq km", + "land": "2,235 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, DC" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "340 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Karthala 2,360 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "NEGL" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "44.06%", + "permanent_crops": "31.17%", + "other": "24.77% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "1.3 sq km NA (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "1.2 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.01 cu km/yr (48%/5%/47%)", + "per_capita": "16.86 cu m/yr (1999)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); volcanic activity on Grand Comore", + "volcanism": "Karthala (elev. 2,361 m) on Grand Comore Island last erupted in 2007; a 2005 eruption forced thousands of people to be evacuated and produced a large ash cloud" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Comoran(s)", + "adjective": "Comoran" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Sunni Muslim 98%, Roman Catholic 2%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "752,288 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "41.8% (male 156,812/female 157,917)", + "15_24_years": "18.7% (male 67,934/female 72,589)", + "25_54_years": "31.6% (male 112,825/female 124,991)", + "55_64_years": "4.1% (male 13,827/female 17,290)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.7% (male 13,370/female 14,733) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "81.6 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "76.4 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.2 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "19.3 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "19 years", + "male": "18.3 years", + "female": "19.6 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.97% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "30.26 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "7.97 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-2.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "28% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "2.84% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "MORONI (capital) 54,000 (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.81 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.92 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "280 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "67.12 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "78.09 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "55.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "63.12 years", + "male": "60.89 years", + "female": "65.41 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "3.93 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "25.7% (2000)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "4.5% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.15 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "2.2 beds/1,000 population (2006)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 91% of population; rural: 97% of population; total: 95% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 9% of population; rural: 3% of population; total: 5% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 50% of population; rural: 30% of population; total: 36% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 50% of population; rural: 70% of population; total: 64% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "4.4% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "25% (2000)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "7.6% of GDP (2008)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "75.5%", + "male": "80.5%", + "female": "70.6% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "10 years", + "male": "11 years", + "female": "9 years (2005)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "39,550", + "percentage": "27 % (2000 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Union of the Comoros", + "conventional_short_form": "Comoros", + "local_long_form": "Udzima wa Komori (Comorian); Union des Comores (French); Jumhuriyat al Qamar al Muttahidah (Arabic)", + "local_short_form": "Komori (Comorian); Comores (French); Juzur al Qamar (Arabic)" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Moroni", + "geographic_coordinates": "11 42 S, 43 14 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "3 islands and 4 municipalities*; Anjouan (Ndzuwani), Domoni*, Fomboni*, Grande Comore (N'gazidja), Moheli (Mwali), Moroni*, Moutsamoudou*" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "6 July 1975 (from France)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 6 July (1975)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "23 December 2001" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic religious law, the French civil code of 1975, and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Ikililou DHOININE (since 26 May 2011)", + "head_of_government": "President Ikililou DHOININE (since 26 May 2011)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", + "elections": "as defined by the 2001 constitution, the presidency rotates every four years among the elected presidents from the three main islands in the Union; election last held on 7 November and 26 December 2010 (next to be held in 2014)", + "election_results": "Ikililou DHOININE elected president; percent of vote - Ikililou DHOININE 61.1%, Mohamed Said FAZUL 32.7%, Abdou DJABIR 6.2%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral Assembly of the Union (33 seats; 15 deputies are selected by the individual islands' local assemblies and 18 by universal suffrage to serve for five years);", + "elections": "last held on 6 and 20 December 2009 (next to be held in 2014)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - pro-union coalition 19, autonomous coalition 4, independents 1; note - 9 additional seats are filled by deputies from local island assemblies" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 7 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 8 members)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges selected - 2 by the president of the Union, 2 by the Assembly of the Union, and 1 each by the 3 island councils; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court members appointed - 1 by the president, 1 each by the 3 vice presidents, 1 by the Assembly, and 1 each by the island executives; all members serve 6-year renewable terms", + "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeals (in Moroni); Tribunal de premiere; island village (community) courts; religious courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Camp of the Autonomous Islands or CdIA (a coalition of parties organized by the islands' presidents in opposition to the Union President); Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros or CRC [AZALI Assowmani]; Front National pour la Justice or FNJ [Ahmed RACHID] (Islamic party in opposition); Mouvement pour la Democratie et le Progress or MDP-NGDC [Abbas DJOUSSOUF]; Parti Comorien pour la Democratie et le Progress or PCDP [Ali MROUDJAE]; Rassemblement National pour le Development or RND [Omar TAMOU, Abdoulhamid AFFRAITANE]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "other": "environmentalists" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AMF, AOSIS, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Roubani KAAMBI; note - also serves as Permanent Representative to the UN", + "chancery": "Mission to the US, 866 United Nations Plaza, Suite 418, New York, NY 10017", + "telephone": "[1] (212) 750-1637", + "fax": "[1] (212) 750-1657" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Comoros; the ambassador to Madagascar is accredited to Comoros" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "four equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), white, red, and blue, with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist; centered within the triangle is a white crescent with the convex side facing the hoist and four white, five-pointed stars placed vertically in a line between the points of the crescent; the horizontal bands and the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago - Mwali, N'gazidja, Ndzuwani, and Mahore (Mayotte - territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros)", + "note": "the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "four stars and crescent" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Udzima wa ya Masiwa\" (The Union of the Great Islands)", + "lyrics_music": "Said Hachim SIDI ABDEREMANE/Said Hachim SIDI ABDEREMANE and Kamildine ABDALLAH", + "note": "adopted 1978" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "One of the world's poorest countries, Comoros is made up of three islands that have inadequate transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity, high unemployment, and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture, including fishing, hunting, and forestry, contributes 50% to GDP, employs 80% of the labor force, and provides most of the exports. Export income is heavily reliant on the three main crops of vanilla, cloves, and ylang-ylang; and Comoros' export earnings are easily disrupted by disasters such as fires. The country is not self-sufficient in food production; rice, the main staple, accounts for the bulk of imports. The government - which is hampered by internal political disputes - lacks a comprehensive strategy to attract foreign investment and is struggling to upgrade education and technical training, privatize commercial and industrial enterprises, improve health services, diversify exports, promote tourism, and reduce the high population growth rate. Political problems have inhibited growth, which averaged only about 1% in 2006-09 but more than 2% per year in 2010-12. Remittances from 150,000 Comorans abroad help supplement GDP. In September 2009 the IMF approved Comoros for a three-year $21 million loan, but the government has struggled to meet program targets, such as restricting spending on wages, strengthening domestic revenue collection, and moving forward on structural reforms. In December 2012, IMF and the World Bank's International Development Association supported $176 million in debt relief for Comoros, resulting in a 59% reduction of its future external debt service over a period of 40 years." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$887.4 million (2012 est.); $866 million (2011 est.); $847.5 million (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$600 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.5% (2012 est.); 2.2% (2011 est.); 2.1% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,300 (2012 est.); $1,300 (2011 est.); $1,300 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "96%", + "government_consumption": "17%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.7%", + "investment_in_inventories": "6.6%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "15.3%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-53.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "50%", + "industry": "10%", + "services": "40% (2011 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "vanilla, cloves, ylang-ylang (perfume essence), copra, coconuts, bananas, cassava (manioc)" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "fishing, tourism, perfume distillation" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "268,500 (2007 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "80%", + "industry_and_services": "20% (1996 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "20% (1996 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "60% (2002 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "0.9%", + "highest_10%": "55.2% (2004)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$166.4 million", + "expenditures": "$157.7 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "27.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "1.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "6% (2012 est.); 6.8% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "1.93% (31 December 2010 est.); 2.21% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "10.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 7.29% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$151.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $128.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$212.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $198.2 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$140.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $120.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$67 million (2012 est.); -$60.4 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$19.6 million (2012 est.); $25.2 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "vanilla, ylang-ylang (perfume essence), cloves, copra" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Netherlands 58.8%, Singapore 10.6%, Turkey 9.3%, France 5.6%, India 5% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$208 million (2012 est.); $206.6 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods, petroleum products, cement, transport equipment" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Pakistan 16.9%, France 13.9%, UAE 11%, India 8.3%, China 6.5%, Kenya 5.8%, Singapore 5.1% (2012)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$136.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $277.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Comoran francs (KMF) per US dollar -; 382.9 (2012 est.); 353.9 (2011 est.); 371.46 (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "52 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "48.36 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "6,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "83.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "16.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "1,025 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "1,009 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "149,600 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "23,600 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "216,400 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "sparse system of microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communication stations", + "domestic": "fixed-line connections only about 3 per 100 persons; mobile cellular usage about 30 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 269; landing point for the EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable system connecting East Africa with Europe and North America; HF radiotelephone communications to Madagascar and Reunion (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "national state-owned TV station and a TV station run by Anjouan regional government; national state-owned radio; regional governments on the islands of Grande Comore and Anjouan each operate a radio station; a few independent and small community radio stations operate on the islands of Grande Comore and Moheli, and these two islands have access to Mayotte Radio and French TV (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".km" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "14 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "24,300 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "4 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "4", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "3 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "880 km", + "paved": "673 km", + "unpaved": "207 km (2002)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "149", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 16, cargo 83, carrier 5, chemical tanker 5, container 2, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 10, roll on/roll off 8", + "foreign_owned": "73 (Bangladesh 1, Bulgaria 4, China 1, Cyprus 2, Greece 4, Kenya 2, Kuwait 1, Latvia 2, Lebanon 2, Lithuania 1, Nigeria 1, Norway 1, Pakistan 5, Russia 12, Syria 5, Turkey 8, UAE 8, UK 1, Ukraine 10, US 2) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Moroni, Mutsamudu" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Army of National Development (l'Armee du Developpement Nationale, AND): Comoran Security Force (also called Comoran Defense Force (Force Comorienne de Defense, FCD), includes Gendarmerie), Comoran Coast Guard, Comoran Federal Police (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for 2-year voluntary military service; no conscription; women first inducted into the Army in 2004 (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "184,236", + "females_age_16_49": "183,363 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "134,562", + "females_age_16_49": "145,797 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "8,831", + "female": "8,809 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "2.8% of GDP (2006)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "claims French-administered Mayotte and challenges France's and Madagascar's claims to Banc du Geyser, a drying reef in the Mozambique Channel; in May 2008, African Union forces were called in to assist the Comoros military recapture Anjouan Island from rebels who seized it in 2001" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Comoros is a source country for children subjected to forced labor and reportedly sex trafficking; Comoran children are forced to labor within the country in domestic service, roadside and street vending, baking, agriculture, and sometimes criminal activities; some Comoran students at Koranic schools are exploited for forced agricultural or domestic labor, sometimes being subjected to physical and sexual abuse; Comoros may be particularly vulnerable to transnational trafficking because of inadequate border controls, government corruption, and the presence of criminal networks", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Comoros does not comply fully with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; although the government provided some funding to UNICEF-supported, NGO-run centers, victim protection provisions remained very modest; the government relies on donor funding and international organization partners for the majority of its anti-trafficking efforts; a new law was passed prohibiting child trafficking and the penal code was revised to include prohibitions against and penalties for human trafficking, but these modifications await parliamentary adoption (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/lr-liberia.json b/africa/lr-liberia.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f918497d --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/lr-liberia.json @@ -0,0 +1,615 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Settlement of freed slaves from the US in what is today Liberia began in 1822; by 1847, the Americo-Liberians were able to establish a republic. William TUBMAN, president from 1944-71, did much to promote foreign investment and to bridge the economic, social, and political gaps between the descendants of the original settlers and the inhabitants of the interior. In 1980, a military coup led by Samuel DOE ushered in a decade of authoritarian rule. In December 1989, Charles TAYLOR launched a rebellion against DOE's regime that led to a prolonged civil war in which DOE was killed. A period of relative peace in 1997 allowed for elections that brought TAYLOR to power, but major fighting resumed in 2000. An August 2003 peace agreement ended the war and prompted the resignation of former president Charles TAYLOR, who faces war crimes charges in The Hague related to his involvement in Sierra Leone's civil war. After two years of rule by a transitional government, democratic elections in late 2005 brought President Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF to power. She subsequently won reelection in 2011 in a second round vote that was boycotted by the opposition and remains challenged to build Liberia's economy and reconcile a nation still recovering from 14 years of fighting. The United Nations Security Council in September 2012 passed Resolution 2066 which calls for a reduction of UN troops in Liberia by half by 2015, bringing the troop total down to fewer than 4000, and challenging Liberia's security sector to fill the gaps." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "6 30 N, 9 30 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "111,369 sq km", + "land": "96,320 sq km", + "water": "15,049 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly larger than Tennessee" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "1,585 km", + "border_countries": "Guinea 563 km, Cote d'Ivoire 716 km, Sierra Leone 306 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "579 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Mount Wuteve 1,380 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "4.04%", + "permanent_crops": "1.62%", + "other": "94.34% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "21 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "232 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.13 cu km/yr (55%/37%/8%)", + "per_capita": "43.66 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March)" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "tropical rain forest deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; pollution of coastal waters from oil residue and raw sewage" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "facing the Atlantic Ocean, the coastline is characterized by lagoons, mangrove swamps, and river-deposited sandbars; the inland grassy plateau supports limited agriculture" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Liberian(s)", + "adjective": "Liberian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Kpelle 20.3%, Bassa 13.4%, Grebo 10%, Gio 8%, Mano 7.9%, Kru 6%, Lorma 5.1%, Kissi 4.8%, Gola 4.4%, other 20.1% (2008 Census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages few of which can be written or used in correspondence" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Christian 85.6%, Muslim 12.2%, Traditional 0.6%, other 0.2%, none 1.4% (2008 Census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "3,989,703 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "43.6% (male 876,696/female 863,873)", + "15_24_years": "17.8% (male 345,357/female 363,746)", + "25_54_years": "31.3% (male 622,806/female 624,707)", + "55_64_years": "4.3% (male 84,252/female 87,250)", + "65_years_and_over": "3% (male 60,288/female 60,728) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "84.9 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "79.3 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.6 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "17.8 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "17.9 years", + "male": "17.7 years", + "female": "18.1 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.56% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "35.75 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "10.12 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "48.2% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.43% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "MONROVIA (capital) 882,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "19.1 (2007 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "770 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "70.93 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "75.25 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "66.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "57.81 years", + "male": "56.2 years", + "female": "59.47 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4.92 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "11.4% (2007)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "11.9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.01 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 88% of population; rural: 60% of population; total: 73% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 12% of population; rural: 40% of population; total: 27% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 29% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 18% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 71% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 82% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "1.5% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "37,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "3,600 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "aerosolized_dust_or_soil_contact_disease": "Lassa fever", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "4.8% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "20.4% (2007)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "2.8% of GDP (2008)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "60.8%", + "male": "64.8%", + "female": "56.8% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "11 years", + "male": "13 years", + "female": "9 years (2000)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "177,160", + "percentage": "21 % (2007 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "5.1%", + "male": "3.4%", + "female": "6.6% (2010)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Liberia", + "conventional_short_form": "Liberia" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Monrovia", + "geographic_coordinates": "6 18 N, 10 48 W", + "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "15 counties; Bomi, Bong, Gbarpolu, Grand Bassa, Grand Cape Mount, Grand Gedeh, Grand Kru, Lofa, Margibi, Maryland, Montserrado, Nimba, River Cess, River Gee, Sinoe" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "26 July 1847" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 26 July (1847)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "6 January 1986" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of common law (based on Anglo-American law) and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF (since 16 January 2006); Vice President Joseph BOAKAI (since 16 January 2006); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF (since 16 January 2006); Vice President Joseph BOAKAI (since 16 January 2006)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 11 October and 8 November 2011 (next to be held in 2017)", + "election_results": "Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF reelected president; percent of vote, second round - Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF 90.7%, Winston TUBMAN 9.3%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (30 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve nine-year terms) and the House of Representatives (73 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)", + "elections": "Senate - last held on 11 October 2011 (next to be held in 2014); House of Representatives - last held on 11 October 2011 (next to be held in 2017)", + "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UP 10, NPP 6, CDC 3, APD 2, NUDP 2, LDP 1, LP 1, NDC 1, NDPL 1, independents 3; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UP 24, CDC 11, LP 7, NUDP 6, NDC 5, APD 3, NPP 3, MPC 2, LDP 1, LTP 1, NRP 1, independents 9" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of a chief Justice and 4 associate justices) note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction for all constitutional cases", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice and associate justices appointed by the president of Liberia with consent of the Senate; judges can serve until age 70", + "subordinate_courts": "judicial circuit courts; special courts including criminal, civil, labor, traffic; magistrate and traditional or customary courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Alliance for Peace and Democracy or APD [Marcus S. G. DAHN]; Congress for Democratic Change or CDC [Geraldine DOE-SHERIFF]; Liberia Destiny Party or LDP [Nathaniel BARNES]; Liberty Party or LP [Isreal ARKINSAYAN]; Liberia Transformation Party or LTP [Julius SUKU]; Movement for Progressive Change or MPC [Simeon FREEMAN]; National Democratic Coalition or NDC [Dew MAYSON]; National Democratic Party of Liberia or NDPL [D. Nyandeh SIEH]; National Patriotic Party or NPP [Theophilus C. GOULD]; National Reformist Party or NRP [Maximillian T. W. DIABE]; National Union for Democratic Progress or NUDP [Emmanuel LOMAX]; Unity Party or UP [Varney SHERMAN]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "other": "demobilized former military officers" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jeremiah Congbeh SULUNTEH", + "chancery": "5201 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 723-0437", + "fax": "[1] (202) 723-0436", + "consulates_general": "New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Deborah R. MALAC", + "embassy": "U.S. Embassy, P.O. Box 98, 502 Benson Street, Monrovia", + "mailing_address": "P.O. Box 98, Monrovia", + "telephone": "[231] 77-677-7000", + "fax": "[231] 77-677-7370" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "11 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; a white five-pointed star appears on a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner; the stripes symbolize the signatories of the Liberian Declaration of Independence; the blue square represents the African mainland, and the star represents the freedom granted to the ex-slaves; according to the constitution, the blue color signifies liberty, justice, and fidelity, the white color purity, cleanliness, and guilelessness, and the red color steadfastness, valor, and fervor", + "note": "the design is based on the US flag" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "white star" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"All Hail, Liberia Hail!\"", + "lyrics_music": "Daniel Bashiel WARNER/Olmstead LUCA", + "note": "lyrics adopted 1847, music adopted 1860; the anthem's author would become the third president of Liberia" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Liberia is a low income country heavily reliant on foreign assistance for revenue. Civil war and government mismanagement destroyed much of Liberia's economy, especially the infrastructure in and around the capital, Monrovia. Many businesses fled the country, taking capital and expertise with them, but with the conclusion of fighting and the installation of a democratically-elected government in 2006, several have returned. Liberia has the distinction of having the highest ratio of direct foreign investment to GDP in the world. Richly endowed with water, mineral resources, forests, and a climate favorable to agriculture, Liberia had been a producer and exporter of basic products, primarily raw timber and rubber and is reviving those sectors. Local manufacturing, mainly foreign owned, had been small in scope. President JOHNSON SIRLEAF, a Harvard-trained banker and administrator, has taken steps to reduce corruption, build support from international donors, and encourage private investment. Embargos on timber and diamond exports have been lifted, opening new sources of revenue for the government and Liberia shipped its first major timber exports to Europe in 2010. The country reached its Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative completion point in 2010 and nearly $5 billion of international debt was permanently eliminated. This new status will enable Liberia to establish a sovereign credit rating and issue bonds. Liberia's Paris Club creditors agreed to cancel Liberia's debt as well. The IMF has completed the sixth review of Liberia's extended credit facility, bringing total disbursements to over $379 million. The African Development Bank approved a grant of $48 million in 2011 to support economic governance and competitiveness. Rebuilding infrastructure and raising incomes will depend on generous financial and technical assistance from donor countries and foreign investment in key sectors, such as infrastructure and power generation. The country has achieved high growth during 2010-12 due to favorable world prices for its commodities." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$2.719 billion (2012 est.); $2.509 billion (2011 est.); $2.326 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$1.735 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "8.3% (2012 est.); 7.9% (2011 est.); 6.1% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$700 (2012 est.); $600 (2011 est.); $600 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "NA (2012 est.); -36.6% of GDP (2011 est.); -30.6% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "125.6%", + "government_consumption": "15.2%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "25%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "27.5%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-93.3% (2011 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "76.9%", + "industry": "5.4%", + "services": "17.7% (2002 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "rubber, coffee, cocoa, rice, cassava (manioc), palm oil, sugarcane, bananas; sheep, goats; timber" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "rubber processing, palm oil processing, timber, diamonds" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "1.372 million (2007)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "70%", + "industry": "8%", + "services": "22% (2000 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "85% (2003 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "80% (2000 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.4%", + "highest_10%": "30.1% (2007)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$481.5 million", + "expenditures": "$522.3 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "27.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-2.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "2.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 0.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "6.9% (2012 est.); 8.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "13.52% (31 December 2012 est.); 13.75% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$322.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $406.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$664.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $560.2 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$520.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $475.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$587.5 million (2012 est.); -$754.3 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$774.8 million (2012 est.); $645.7 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "rubber, timber, iron, diamonds, cocoa, coffee" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "China 24.2%, US 15.4%, Spain 11.1%, Thailand 4.5%, Cote dIvoire 4.4%, Malaysia 4.1%, France 4% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$2.275 billion (2012 est.); $2.068 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "fuels, chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods; foodstuffs" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "South Korea 26.4%, China 24.1%, Singapore 23%, Japan 15.9% (2012)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$348 million (31 December 2012 est.); $447.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$3.574 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.912 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$201 million (31 December 2012 est.); $201 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Liberian dollars (LRD) per US dollar -; 73.515 (2012 est.); 72.227 (2011 est.); 71.403 (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "335 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "311.6 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "197,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "3,533 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "4,041 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "738,600 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "3,200 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "2.03 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "the limited services available are found almost exclusively in the capital Monrovia; fixed-line service stagnant and extremely limited; telephone coverage extended to a number of other towns and rural areas by four mobile-cellular network operators", + "domestic": "mobile-cellular subscription base growing and teledensity reached 50 per 100 persons in 2011", + "international": "country code - 231; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "3 private TV stations; satellite TV service available; 1 state-owned radio station; about 15 independent radio stations broadcasting in Monrovia, with another 25 local stations operating in other areas; transmissions of 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".lr" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "7 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "20,000 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "29 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "2", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "27", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "5", + "914_to_1_523_m": "8", + "under_914_m": "14 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "oil 4 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "429 km", + "standard_gauge": "345 km 1.435-m gauge", + "narrow_gauge": "84 km 1.067-m gauge", + "note": "most sections of the railways were inoperable because of damage suffered during the civil wars from 1980 to 2003, but many are being rebuilt (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "10,600 km", + "paved": "657 km", + "unpaved": "9,943 km (2000)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "2,771", + "by_type": "barge carrier 5, bulk carrier 662, cargo 143, carrier 2, chemical tanker 248, combination ore/oil 8, container 937, liquefied gas 92, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 526, refrigerated cargo 102, roll on/roll off 5, specialized tanker 10, vehicle carrier 27", + "foreign_owned": "2,581 (Angola 1, Argentina 1, Australia 1, Belgium 1, Bermuda 4, Brazil 20, Canada 2, Chile 9, China 4, Croatia 1, Cyprus 9, Denmark 8, Egypt 3, Germany 1185, Gibraltar 5, Greece 505, Hong Kong 48, India 8, Indonesia 4, Israel 34, Italy 47, Japan 110, Latvia 5, Lebanon 1, Monaco 8, Netherlands 31, Nigeria 4, Norway 38, Poland 13, Qatar 5, Romania 3, Russia 109, Saudi Arabia 20, Singapore 22, Slovenia 7, South Korea 2, Sweden 12, Switzerland 25, Syria 1, Taiwan 94, Turkey 16, UAE 37, UK 32, UK 22, Ukraine 10, Uruguay 1, US 53) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Buchanan, Monrovia" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL): Army, Navy, Air Force" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "815,826", + "females_age_16_49": "828,484 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "524,243", + "females_age_16_49": "544,349 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "36,585", + "female": "38,516 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "although civil unrest continues to abate with the assistance of 18,000 UN Mission in Liberia peacekeepers, as of January 2007, Liberian refugees still remain in Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, Sierra Leone, and Ghana; Liberia, in turn, shelters refugees fleeing turmoil in Cote d'Ivoire; despite the presence of over 9,000 UN forces in Cote d'Ivoire since 2004, ethnic conflict continues to spread into neighboring states who can no longer send their migrant workers to Ivorian cocoa plantations; UN sanctions ban Liberia from exporting diamonds and timber" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "58,710 (Cote d'Ivoire) (2013)", + "idps": "undetermined (civil war from 1990-2004; unclear how many have found durable solutions; many dwell in slums in Monrovia) (2012)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Liberia is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; most victims are Liberian and are exploited within the country, where they are forced into domestic servitude, begging, prostitution, street vending, agricultural work, and diamond mining; a small number of Liberian men, women, and children are trafficked to Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and the US, while trafficking victims are brought to Liberia from neighboring West African countries, including Sierra Leone, Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and Nigeria", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Liberia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has increased its anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts and achieved its first conviction under its 2005 anti-trafficking law; the government has failed to make adequate efforts to identify and protect trafficking victims and has not adopted or implemented the standard operating procedures for assisting victims finalized by the anti-trafficking secretariat in 2012; the referral of victims to NGOs for protective services is inconsistent (2013)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transshipment point for Southeast and Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine for the European and US markets; corruption, criminal activity, arms-dealing, and diamond trade provide significant potential for money laundering, but the lack of well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ls-lesotho.json b/africa/ls-lesotho.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7c55a6c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/ls-lesotho.json @@ -0,0 +1,585 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Basutoland was renamed the Kingdom of Lesotho upon independence from the UK in 1966. The Basuto National Party ruled the country during its first two decades. King MOSHOESHOE was exiled in 1990, but returned to Lesotho in 1992 and was reinstated in 1995 and subsequently succeeded by his son, King LETSIE III, in 1996. Constitutional government was restored in 1993 after seven years of military rule. In 1998, violent protests and a military mutiny following a contentious election prompted a brief but bloody intervention by South African and Batswana military forces under the aegis of the Southern African Development Community. Subsequent constitutional reforms restored relative political stability. Peaceful parliamentary elections were held in 2002, but the National Assembly elections of February 2007 were hotly contested and aggrieved parties disputed how the electoral law was applied to award proportional seats in the Assembly. In May 2012, competitive elections involving 18 parties saw Prime Minister Motsoahae Thomas THABANE form a coalition government - the first in the country's history - that ousted the 14-year incumbent, Pakalitha MOSISILI, who peacefully transferred power the following month." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Southern Africa, an enclave of South Africa" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "29 30 S, 28 30 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "30,355 sq km", + "land": "30,355 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "909 km", + "border_countries": "South Africa 909 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "junction of the Orange and Makhaleng Rivers 1,400 m", + "highest_point": "Thabana Ntlenyana 3,482 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "water, agricultural and grazing land, diamonds, sand, clay, building stone" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "10.14%", + "permanent_crops": "0.13%", + "other": "89.72% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "26.37 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "3.02 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.04 cu km/yr (46%/46%/9%)", + "per_capita": "21.79 cu m/yr (2000)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "periodic droughts" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "population pressure forcing settlement in marginal areas results in overgrazing, severe soil erosion, and soil exhaustion; desertification; Highlands Water Project controls, stores, and redirects water to South Africa" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "landlocked, completely surrounded by South Africa; mountainous, more than 80% of the country is 1,800 m above sea level" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Mosotho (singular), Basotho (plural)", + "adjective": "Basotho" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Sotho 99.7%, Europeans, Asians, and other 0.3%," + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Sesotho (official) (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Christian 80%, indigenous beliefs 20%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "1,936,181 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "33.1% (male 322,189/female 319,618)", + "15_24_years": "20.2% (male 185,931/female 205,643)", + "25_54_years": "36.3% (male 344,120/female 359,370)", + "55_64_years": "4.9% (male 50,781/female 44,399)", + "65_years_and_over": "5.4% (male 52,241/female 51,889) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "68.3 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "61.2 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.1 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "14.1 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "23.4 years", + "male": "23.3 years", + "female": "23.4 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.34% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "26.31 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "15.02 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-7.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "27.6% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.57% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "MASERU (capital) 220,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1.14 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.99 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "21.2", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2009 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "620 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "51.93 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "55.96 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "47.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "52.3 years", + "male": "52.2 years", + "female": "52.39 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.83 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "47% (2009/10)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "11.1% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.05 physicians/1,000 population (2003)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.33 beds/1,000 population (2006)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 91% of population; rural: 73% of population; total: 78% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 9% of population; rural: 27% of population; total: 22% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 32% of population; rural: 24% of population; total: 26% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 68% of population; rural: 76% of population; total: 74% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "23.6% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "290,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "14,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "14.6% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "13.5% (2010)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "13% of GDP (2008)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "89.6%", + "male": "83.3%", + "female": "95.6% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "10 years", + "male": "10 years", + "female": "10 years (2006)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "103,020", + "percentage": "23 % (2000 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "34.4%", + "male": "29%", + "female": "41.9% (2008)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Lesotho", + "conventional_short_form": "Lesotho", + "local_long_form": "Kingdom of Lesotho", + "local_short_form": "Lesotho", + "former": "Basutoland" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "parliamentary constitutional monarchy" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Maseru", + "geographic_coordinates": "29 19 S, 27 29 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "10 districts; Berea, Butha-Buthe, Leribe, Mafeteng, Maseru, Mohale's Hoek, Mokhotlong, Qacha's Nek, Quthing, Thaba-Tseka" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "4 October 1966 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 4 October (1966)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "2 April 1993" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "King LETSIE III (since 7 February 1996); note - King LETSIE III formerly occupied the throne from November 1990 to February 1995 while his father was in exile", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Motsoahae Thomas THABANE (since 8 June 2012)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet", + "elections": "according to the constitution, the leader of the majority party, or coalition of parties, in the Assembly automatically becomes prime minister; the monarchy is hereditary, but, under the terms of the constitution that came into effect after the March 1993 election, the monarch is a \"living symbol of national unity\" with no executive or legislative powers; under traditional law the college of chiefs has the power to depose the monarch, determine who is next in the line of succession, or who shall serve as regent in the event that the successor is not of mature age" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (33 members - 22 principal chiefs and 11 other members appointed by the ruling party) and the Assembly (120 seats, 80 by popular vote and 40 by proportional vote; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 26 May 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DC 48, ABC 30, LCD 26, BNP 5, PFD 3, NIP 2, other 6" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, such number of justices of appeal as set by Parliament, and the Chief Justice and the puisne judges of the High Court ex officio); High Court (consists of the chief justice and such number of puisne judges as set by Parliament); note - both the Court of Appeal and the High Court have jurisdiction in constitutional issues", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Appeal president and High Court chief justice appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; puisne judges appointed by the monarch on advice of the Judicial Service Commission, an independent body of judicial officers and officials designated by the monarch; judges of both courts can serve until age 75", + "subordinate_courts": "Magistrate Courts; customary or traditional courts; Courts Martial" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "All Basotho Convention or ABC [Motsoahae Thomas THABANE]; Basotho Batho Democratic Party or BBDP [Geremane RAMATHEBANE]; Basotho Congress Party or BCP [Thulo MAHLAKENG]; Basotho Democratic National Party or BDNP [Thabang NYEOE]; Basotho National Party or BNP [Thesele 'MASERIBANE]; Democratic Congress or DC [Pakalitha MOSISILI]; Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD [Mothetjoa METSING]; Lesotho Peoples Congress or LPC [Kelebone MAOPE]; Lesotho Workers Party or LWP [Macaefa BILLY]; Marematlou Freedom Party or MFP [Vincent MALEBO]; National Independent Party or NIP [Kimetso MATHABA]; " + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Media Institute of Southern Africa, Lesotho chapter [Tsebo MATŠASA] (pushes for media freedom)" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Eliachim Molapi SEBATANE", + "chancery": "2511 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 797-5533", + "fax": "[1] (202) 234-6815" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Carl B. FOX", + "embassy": "254 Kingsway Road, Maseru West (Consular Section)", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 333, Maseru 100, Lesotho", + "telephone": "[266] 22 312666", + "fax": "[266] 22 310116" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three horizontal stripes of blue (top), white, and green in the proportions of 3:4:3; the colors represent rain, peace, and prosperity respectively; centered in the white stripe is a black Basotho hat representing the indigenous people; the flag was unfurled in October 2006 to celebrate 40 years of independence" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "Basotho hat" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Lesotho fatse la bo ntat'a rona\" (Lesotho, Land of Our Fathers)", + "lyrics_music": "Francois COILLARD/Ferdinand-Samuel LAUR", + "note": "adopted 1967; the anthem's music derives from an 1823 Swiss songbook" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Small, mountainous, and completely landlocked by South Africa, Lesotho is a least developed country in which about three-fourths of the people live in rural areas and engage in subsistence agriculture. Lesotho produces less than 20% of the nation's demand for food. Rain-fed agriculture is vulnerable to weather and climate variability; an estimated 725,500 people will require food assistance in 2012/13. The distribution of income in Lesotho remains inequitable. Lesotho relies on South Africa for much of its economic activity. Lesotho imports 90% of the goods it consumes from South Africa, including most agricultural inputs. Households depend heavily on remittances from family members working in South Africa, in mines, on farms and as domestic workers, though mining employment has declined substantially since the 1990s. Government revenue depends heavily on transfers from South Africa. Customs duties from the Southern Africa Customs Union accounted for 44% of government revenue in 2012. The South African Government also pays royalties for water transferred to South Africa from a dam and reservoir system in Lesotho. However, the government continues to strengthen its tax system to reduce dependency on customs duties and other transfers. Access to credit remains a problem for the private sector. The government maintains a large presence in the economy - public expenditures accounted for 55% of GDP in 2010 and the government remains Lesotho's largest employer. Lesotho's largest private employer is the textile and garment industry - approximately 36,000 Basotho, mainly women, work in factories producing garments for export to South Africa and the US. Diamond mining in Lesotho has grown in recent years and may contribute 8.5% to GDP by 2015, according to current forecasts. Lesotho's $362.5 million Millennium Challenge Account Compact, which focused on strengthening the healthcare system, developing the private sector, and providing access to improved water supplies and sanitation facilities, will end in September 2013. Despite the 2008/09 global economic crisis, the economy has recovered strongly with growth averaging nearly 5% per year since 2010." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$4.131 billion (2012 est.); $3.972 billion (2011 est.); $3.758 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$2.439 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "4% (2012 est.); 5.7% (2011 est.); 6.3% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$2,200 (2012 est.); $2,100 (2011 est.); $2,000 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "21.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 9.4% of GDP (2011 est.); 8.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "97.2%", + "government_consumption": "33.9%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "37.3%", + "investment_in_inventories": "-0.1%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "50.9%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-118.3% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "6.4%", + "industry": "34.6%", + "services": "59% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley; livestock" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "food, beverages, textiles, apparel assembly, handicrafts, construction, tourism" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "6.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "894,500 (2010 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "86%", + "industry_and_services": "14%", + "note": "most of resident population engaged in subsistence agriculture; roughly 35% of the active male wage earners work in South Africa (2002 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "25% (2008 est.); 45% (2002 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "49% (1999)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "1%", + "highest_10%": "39.4% (2003)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "63.2 (1995); 56 (1986-87)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$1.658 billion", + "expenditures": "$1.536 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "68% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "5% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 April - 31 March" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "6.1% (2012 est.); 5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "9.36% (31 December 2012 est.); 10% (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "10.08% (31 December 2012 est.); 10.4% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$408.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $346.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$897 million (31 December 2012 est.); $820.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$82.19 million (31 December 2011 est.); $60.61 million (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$352.6 million (2012 est.); -$521.5 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$1.03 billion (2012 est.); $1.003 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "manufactures (clothing, footwear), wool and mohair, food and live animals, electricity, water, diamonds" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$2.404 billion (2012 est.); $2.296 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "food; building materials, vehicles, machinery, medicines, petroleum products" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$1.023 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $954.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$778.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $791.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$242 million (31 December 2012 est.); $120 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "maloti (LSL) per US dollar -; 8.2031 (2012 est.); 7.26 (2011 est.); 7.32 (2010 est.); 8.47 (2009); 7.75 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "200 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "293 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "121 million kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "76,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "1,777 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "1,813 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "282,100 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "38,600 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "1.232 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "rudimentary system consisting of a modest number of landlines, a small microwave radio relay system, and a small radiotelephone communication system; mobile-cellular telephone system is expanding", + "domestic": "privatized in 2001, Telecom Lesotho was tasked with providing an additional 50,000 fixed-line connections within five years, a target not met; mobile-cellular service dominates the market and is expanding with a subscribership roughly 65 per 100 persons in 2011; rural services are scant", + "international": "country code - 266; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "1 state-owned TV station and 2 state-owned radio stations; government controls most private broadcast media; satellite TV subscription service available; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters obtainable (2008)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".ls" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "11,030 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "76,800 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "24 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "3", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "21", + "914_to_1_523_m": "5", + "under_914_m": "16 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "7,091 km", + "paved": "1,404 km", + "unpaved": "5,687 km (2003)" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Lesotho Defense Force (LDF): Army (includes Air Wing) (2012)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-24 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women serve as commissioned officers (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "472,456", + "females_age_16_49": "508,953 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "270,184", + "females_age_16_49": "275,734 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "19,110", + "female": "20,037 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.9% of GDP (2012)" + }, + "military_note": { + "text": "Lesotho's declared policy is maintenance of its independent sovereignty and preservation of internal security; in practice, external security is guaranteed by South Africa; restructuring of the Lesotho Defense Force (LDF) and Ministry of Defense and Public Service over the past five years has focused on subordinating the defense apparatus to civilian control and restoring the LDF's cohesion; the restructuring has considerably improved capabilities and professionalism, but the LDF is disproportionately large for a small, poor country; the government has outlined a reduction to a planned 1,500-man strength, but these plans have met with vociferous resistance from the political opposition and from inside the LDF (2008)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Lesotho is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking and for men subjected to forced labor; Basotho women and children are subjected to domestic servitude and children, to a lesser extent, commercial sexual exploitation within Lesotho and South Africa; some Basotho women willingly migrate to South Africa seeking work in domestic service only to be forced into prostitution; some Basotho men who voluntarily migrate to South Africa for work become victims of forced labor in agriculture and mining or are coerced into committing crimes", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Lesotho does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has decreased its anti-trafficking law enforcement and victim protection efforts during 2012; authorities have initiated fewer prosecutions, ceased arresting suspected trafficking offenders due to a backlog of prosecutions, and stopped referring victims to NGO centers for care; the government has not implemented key portions of the 2011 anti-trafficking act, including failing to develop formal referral procedures, establish victim care centers, and complete a national action plan (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ly-libya.json b/africa/ly-libya.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..eb8d91d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/ly-libya.json @@ -0,0 +1,605 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks in the area around Tripoli in 1911 and did not relinquish their hold until 1943 when defeated in World War II. Libya then passed to UN administration and achieved independence in 1951. Following a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar al-QADHAFI assumed leadership and began to espouse his political system at home, which was a combination of socialism and Islam. During the 1970s, QADHAFI used oil revenues to promote his ideology outside Libya, supporting subversive and terrorist activities that included the downing of two airliners - one over Scotland, another in Northern Africa - and a discotheque bombing in Berlin. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically and economically following the attacks; sanctions were lifted in 2003 following Libyan acceptance of responsibility for the bombings and agreement to claimant compensation. QADHAFI also agreed to end Libya's program to develop weapons of mass destruction, and he made significant strides in normalizing relations with Western nations. Unrest that began in several Middle Eastern and North African countries in late 2010 erupted in Libyan cities in early 2011. QADHAFI's brutal crackdown on protesters spawned a civil war that triggered UN authorization of air and naval intervention by the international community. After months of seesaw fighting between government and opposition forces, the QADHAFI regime was toppled in mid-2011 and replaced by a transitional government. Libya in 2012 formed a new parliament and elected a new prime minister." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "25 00 N, 17 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "1,759,540 sq km", + "land": "1,759,540 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly larger than Alaska" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "4,348 km", + "border_countries": "Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "1,770 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "note": "Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north", + "exclusive_fishing_zone": "62 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m", + "highest_point": "Bikku Bitti 2,267 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "petroleum, natural gas, gypsum" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "0.99%", + "permanent_crops": "0.19%", + "other": "98.82% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "4,700 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "0.7 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "4.33 cu km/yr (14%/3%/83%)", + "per_capita": "796.1 cu m/yr (2000)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "desertification; limited natural freshwater resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, brings water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesert" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Libyan(s)", + "adjective": "Libyan" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Berber and Arab 97%, other 3% (includes Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, and Tunisians)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Arabic (official), Italian, English (all widely understood in the major cities); Berber (Nafusi, Ghadamis, Suknah, Awjilah, Tamasheq)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Sunni Muslim (official) 97%, other 3%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "6,002,347 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "includes 166,510 non-nationals" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "27.3% (male 837,984/female 800,423)", + "15_24_years": "18.6% (male 578,780/female 535,828)", + "25_54_years": "45.6% (male 1,432,265/female 1,302,187)", + "55_64_years": "4.6% (male 143,862/female 134,414)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.9% (male 120,043/female 116,561) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "52.1 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "44.8 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.3 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "13.7 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "27.1 years", + "male": "27.2 years", + "female": "26.9 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "4.85% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "18.74 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "3.56 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "33.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "77.7% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "TRIPOLI (capital) 1.095 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.09 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.1 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.08 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "58 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "12.26 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "13.25 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "11.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "75.83 years", + "male": "74.17 years", + "female": "77.57 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.09 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "45.2% (1995)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "3.9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "1.9 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "3.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 54% of population; rural: 55% of population; total: 54% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 46% of population; rural: 45% of population; total: 46% of population (2000 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 96% of population; total: 97% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 4% of population; total: 3% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.3% (2001 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "10,000 (2001 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "27.8% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "5.6% (2007)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "89.5%", + "male": "95.8%", + "female": "83.3% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "16 years", + "male": "16 years", + "female": "16 years (2003)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "none", + "conventional_short_form": "Libya", + "local_long_form": "none", + "local_short_form": "Libiya" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "operates under a transitional government" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Tripoli (Tarabulus)", + "geographic_coordinates": "32 53 N, 13 10 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins last Friday in March; ends last Friday in October", + "note": "on 10 November 2012, Libya changed its standard time from UTC+2 to UTC+1" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "22 districts (shabiyat, singular - shabiyat); Al Butnan, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jabal al Gharbi, Al Jafarah, Al Jufrah, Al Kufrah, Al Marj, Al Marqab, Al Wahat, An Nuqat al Khams, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghat, Misratah, Murzuq, Nalut, Sabha, Surt, Tarabulus, Wadi al Hayat, Wadi ash Shati" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "24 December 1951 (from UN trusteeship)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Liberation Day, 23 October (2011)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "none; note - Libya has yet to draft a new constitution" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "Libya's post-revolution legal system is in flux and driven by state and non-state entities" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age, universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President, General National Congress Nuri Abu SAHMAYN", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Ali ZAYDAN (since 14 October 2012); Deputy Prime Ministers Awad Ibrik Ibrahim al-BARASI, Al-Sadiq Abd al-Karim Abd al-Rahman KARIM, Abd-al-Salam Muhammad al-Mahdi al-QADI", + "cabinet": "new cabinet approved by the National Congress on 31 October 2012", + "elections": "prime minister and National Congress president elected by the National Congress", + "election_results": "NA" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral General National Congress (200 seats; 120 individual seats elected from 69 constituencies and 80 party list seats elected from 20 constituencies; member term NA)", + "elections": "first General National Congress election held on 7 July 2012 (next to be held NA)", + "election_results": "percent of vote for party list seats only - NFA 48.7%, JCP 21.3%, other parties 30%; list and constituent seats - NFA 39, JCP 17, other 24, independents 120" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "NA; note - government in transition" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Al-Watan (Homeland) Party; Justice and Construction Party or JCP [Muhammad SAWAN]; National Front (initially the National Front for the Salvation of Libya, formed in 1981 as a diaspora opposition group); National Forces Alliance or NFA [Mahmoud JIBRIL] (includes many political organizations, NGOs, and independents); Union for the Homeland [Abd al-Rahman al-SUWAYHILI]; ", + "note": "list includes some of the larger political parties and leaders" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BDEAC, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Suleiman ABULHI", + "chancery": "2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20037", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 944-9601", + "fax": "[1] (202) 944-9606" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Deborah K. JONES", + "note": "on 11 September 2012, US Ambassador Christopher STEVENS and three other American diplomats were killed in an attack by heavily armed militants on a US diplomatic post in the eastern city of Benghazi", + "embassy": "Sidi Slim Area/Walie Al-Ahed Road, Tripoli", + "mailing_address": "US Embassy, 8850 Tripoli Place, Washington, DC 20521-8850", + "telephone": "[218] (0) 91-220-3239" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three horizontal bands of red (top), black (double width), and green with a white crescent and star centered on the black stripe; the National Transitional Council reintroduced this flag design of the former Kingdom of Libya (1951-1969) on 27 February 2011; it replaced the former all-green banner promulgated by the QADHAFI regime in 1977; the colors represent the three major regions of the country: red stands for Fezzan, black symbolizes Cyrenaica, and green denotes Tripolitania; the crescent and star represent Islam, the main religion of the country" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "star and crescent; hawk" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Allahu Akbar\" (God Is Greatest)", + "lyrics_music": "Mahmoud el-SHERIF/Abdalla Shams el-DIN", + "note": "adopted 1969; the anthem was originally a battle song for the Egyptian Army in the 1956 Suez War" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Libya's economy is structured primarily around the nation's energy sector, which generates about 95% of export earnings, 80% of GDP, and 99% of government income. Substantial revenue from the energy sector coupled with a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but Tripoli largely has not used its significant financial resources to develop national infrastructure or the economy, leaving many citizens poor. In the final five years of QADHAFI''s rule, Libya made some progress on economic reform as part of a broader campaign to reintegrate the country into the international fold. This effort picked up steam after UN sanctions were lifted in September 2003 and after Libya announced in December 2003 that it would abandon programs to build weapons of mass destruction. The process of lifting US unilateral sanctions began in the spring of 2004; all sanctions were removed by June 2006, helping Libya attract greater foreign direct investment, especially in the energy and banking sectors. Libyan oil and gas licensing rounds drew high international interest, but new rounds are unlikely to be successful until Libya establishes a more permanent government and is able to offer more attractive financial terms on contracts and increase security. Libya faces a long road ahead in liberalizing its primarily socialist economy, but the revolution has unleashed previously restrained entrepreneurial activity and increased the potential for the evolution of a more market-based economy. The service and construction sectors, which account for roughly 60% of GDP, expanded over the past five years and could become a larger share of GDP if Tripoli prioritizes capital spending on development projects once political and security uncertainty subside. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 80% of its food. Libya''s primary agricultural water source is the Great Manmade River Project." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$78.63 billion (2012 est.); $38.45 billion (2011 est.); $101.4 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$81.92 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "104.5% (2012 est.); -62.1% (2011 est.); 5% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$12,300 (2012 est.); $6,100 (2011 est.); $15,900 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "40.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 8.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 33.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "42.9%", + "government_consumption": "14.2%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "4.7%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.4%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "60.7%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-23% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "1.6%", + "industry": "43.5%", + "services": "54.9% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "petroleum, petrochemicals, aluminum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "117% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "1.875 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "17%", + "industry": "23%", + "services": "59% (2004 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "30% (2004 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "NA%", + "note": "about one-third of Libyans live at or below the national poverty line" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$57.58 billion", + "expenditures": "$35.07 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "70.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "27.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "3.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 10.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "6.1% (2012 est.); 15.9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "9.52% (31 December 2010 est.); 3% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "6% (31 December 2012 est.); 6% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$45.07 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $40.88 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$42.39 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $44.76 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$47.11 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $38.71 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "$33.32 billion (2012 est.); $4.002 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$52.12 billion (2012 est.); $15.03 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas, chemicals" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Italy 23.5%, Germany 12.5%, China 11.3%, France 9.7%, Spain 7.6%, UK 4.7%, US 4.5% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$18.1 billion (2012 est.); $11.17 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery, semi-finished goods, food, transport equipment, consumer products" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 13.7%, Turkey 12.3%, Italy 8.7%, Tunisia 7.3%, South Korea 6.2%, Greece 5.4%, Germany 4.9% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$117.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $105 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$5.278 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.882 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$16.72 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $16.43 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$17.17 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $16.89 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Libyan dinars (LYD) per US dollar -; 1.262 (2012 est.); 1.2242 (2011 est.); 1.2668 (2010 est.); 1.2535 (2009); 1.2112 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "28.6 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "24.29 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "124 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "73 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "6.766 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "502,400 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "1.039 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "48.08 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "309,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "314,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "84,490 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "575.3 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "16.81 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "6.844 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "9.97 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "1.495 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "60.6 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "1 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "10 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "telecommunications system is state-owned and service is poor, but investment is being made to upgrade; state retains monopoly in fixed-line services; mobile-cellular telephone system became operational in 1996", + "domestic": "multiple providers for a mobile telephone system that is growing rapidly; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity has soared", + "international": "country code - 218; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cable to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state-funded and private TV stations; some provinces operate local TV stations; pan-Arab satellite TV stations are available; state-funded radio (2012)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".ly" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "17,926 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "353,900 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "146 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "68", + "over_3_047_m": "23", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "7", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "30", + "914_to_1_523_m": "7", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "78", + "over_3_047_m": "2", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "5", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "14", + "914_to_1_523_m": "37", + "under_914_m": "20 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "2 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "condensate 882 km; gas 3,743 km; oil 7,005 km (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "100,024 km", + "paved": "57,214 km", + "unpaved": "42,810 km (2003)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "23", + "by_type": "cargo 2, chemical tanker 4, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 1", + "foreign_owned": "2 (Kuwait 1, Norway 1)", + "registered_in_other_countries": "6 (Hong Kong 1, Malta 5) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Az Zawiyah, Marsa al Burayqah (Marsa el Brega), Ra's Lanuf, Tripoli" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "note - in transition; government attempting to staff a new national army with anti-QADAFI militia fighters and former members of QADAFI's military (2008)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for mandatory or voluntary service (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,775,078", + "females_age_16_49": "1,714,194 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,511,144", + "females_age_16_49": "1,458,934 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "59,547", + "female": "57,070 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "3.1% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria and the FLN's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco; various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "idps": "74,000 (conflict between pro-Qadhafi and anti-Qadhafi forces; figure does not include displaced third-country nationals) (2012)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Libya is a destination and transit country for men and women from sub-Saharan Africa and Asia subjected to forced labor and forced prostitution; migrants who seek employment in Libya as laborers and domestic workers or transit Libya en route to Europe may be subject to forced labor; private employers also recruit migrants from detention centers as forced laborers on farms and construction sites; some sub-Saharan women are reportedly forced to work in Libyan brothels", + "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - the Libyan Government does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government has failed to demonstrate significant efforts to investigate and prosecute trafficking offenders or to protect trafficking victims; policies and practices with respect to undocumented migrant workers has resulted in Libyan authorities detaining and punishing trafficking victims for unlawful acts that were committed as a result of being trafficked; no public anti-trafficking awareness campaigns are conducted; officials receive no training on trafficking issues (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ma-morocco.json b/africa/ma-morocco.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fedd7642 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/ma-morocco.json @@ -0,0 +1,623 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, a series of Moroccan Muslim dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy, particularly under Ahmad al-MANSUR (1578-1603), repelled foreign invaders and inaugurated a golden age. The Alaouite dynasty, to which the current Moroccan royal family belongs, dates from the 17th century. In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and ushered in a half century of trade rivalry among European powers that saw Morocco's sovereignty steadily erode; in 1912, the French imposed a protectorate over the country. A protracted independence struggle with France ended successfully in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier and most Spanish possessions were turned over to the new country that same year. Sultan MOHAMMED V, the current monarch's grandfather, organized the new state as a constitutional monarchy and in 1957 assumed the title of king. Although Morocco is not the UN-recognized Administering Power for the Western Sahara, it exercises de facto administrative control there. The UN assists with direct negotiations between Morocco and the Polisario Front, but the status of the territory remains unresolved. Gradual political reforms in the 1990s resulted in the establishment of a bicameral legislature, which first met in 1997. Morocco enjoys a moderately free press, but the government has taken action against journalists who they perceive to be challenging the monarchy, Islam, or the status of Western Sahara. Influenced by protests elsewhere in the region, in February 2011 thousands of Moroccans began weekly rallies in multiple cities across the country to demand greater democracy and end to government corruption. Overall the response of Moroccan security forces was subdued compared to the violence elsewhere in the region. King MOHAMMED VI responded quickly with a reform program that included a new constitution and early elections. The constitution was passed by popular referendum in July 2011; some new powers were extended to parliament and the prime minister, but ultimate authority remains in the hands of the monarch. In early elections in November 2012, the Justice and Development Party - a moderate Islamist party, won the largest number of seats, becoming the first Islamist party to lead the Moroccan Government. In January 2012, Morocco assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2012-13 term." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Western Sahara" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "32 00 N, 5 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "446,550 sq km", + "land": "446,300 sq km", + "water": "250 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly larger than California" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "2,017.9 km", + "border_countries": "Algeria 1,559 km, Western Sahara 443 km, Spain (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Spain (Melilla) 9.6 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "1,835 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal plains" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Sebkha Tah -55 m", + "highest_point": "Jebel Toubkal 4,165 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "17.79%", + "permanent_crops": "2.6%", + "other": "79.61% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "14,850 sq km (2004)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "29 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "12.61 cu km/yr (12%/4%/84%)", + "per_capita": "428.1 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "land degradation/desertification (soil erosion resulting from farming of marginal areas, overgrazing, destruction of vegetation); water supplies contaminated by raw sewage; siltation of reservoirs; oil pollution of coastal waters" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "strategic location along Strait of Gibraltar" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Moroccan(s)", + "adjective": "Moroccan" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Arab-Berber 99%, other 1%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Arabic (official), Berber languages (Tamazight (official), Tachelhit, Tarifit), French (often the language of business, government, and diplomacy)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Muslim 99% (official), Christian 1%, Jewish about 6,000" + }, + "population": { + "text": "32,649,130 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "27.1% (male 4,489,297/female 4,353,921)", + "15_24_years": "18% (male 2,918,765/female 2,951,131)", + "25_54_years": "41.7% (male 6,590,575/female 7,033,013)", + "55_64_years": "7% (male 1,135,921/female 1,135,747)", + "65_years_and_over": "6.3% (male 919,236/female 1,121,524) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "48.9 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "41.5 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.4 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "13.5 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "27.7 years", + "male": "27.1 years", + "female": "28.2 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.04% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "18.73 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "4.78 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-3.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "57% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.62% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "Casablanca 3.245 million; RABAT (capital) 1.77 million; Fes 1.044 million; Marrakech 909,000; Tangier 768,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.82 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "25.4 (2004 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "100 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "25.49 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "30.04 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "20.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "76.31 years", + "male": "73.25 years", + "female": "79.53 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.17 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "67.4% (2011)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "5.2% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.62 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.1 beds/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 61% of population; total: 83% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 39% of population; total: 17% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 83% of population; rural: 52% of population; total: 70% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 17% of population; rural: 48% of population; total: 30% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "26,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "1,200 (2009 est.)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "16.4% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "3.1% (2011)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "5.4% of GDP (2009)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "67.1%", + "male": "76.1%", + "female": "57.6% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "11 years", + "male": "12 years", + "female": "11 years (2010)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "500,960", + "percentage": "8 % (2007 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "17.9%", + "male": "18.1%", + "female": "17.4% (2011)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Morocco", + "conventional_short_form": "Morocco", + "local_long_form": "Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah", + "local_short_form": "Al Maghrib" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "constitutional monarchy" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Rabat", + "geographic_coordinates": "34 01 N, 6 49 W", + "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "daylight_saving_time": "+1 hr, begins last Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in September" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "15 regions; Grand Casablanca, Chaouia-Ouardigha, Doukkala-Abda, Fes-Boulemane, Gharb-Chrarda-Beni Hssen, Guelmim-Es Smara, Laayoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra, Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz, Meknes-Tafilalet, Oriental, Rabat-Sale-Zemmour-Zaer, Souss-Massa-Draa, Tadla-Azilal, Tanger-Tetouan, Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate", + "note": "Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara, the political status of which is considered undetermined by the US Government; portions of the regions Guelmim-Es Smara and Laayoune-Boujdour-Sakia El Hamra as claimed by Morocco lie within Western Sahara; Morocco also claims Oued Eddahab-Lagouira, another region that falls entirely within Western Sahara" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "2 March 1956 (from France)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Throne Day (accession of King MOHAMMED VI to the throne), 30 July (1999)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "10 March 1972; revised 4 September 1992, amended September 1996; revised constitution approved by referendum 1 July 2011 referendum" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil law based on French law and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts by Supreme Court" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "King MOHAMMED VI (since 30 July 1999)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Abdelillah BENKIRANE (since 29 November 2011)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister as well as Minister Delegates to each ministry appoined by the Palace", + "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch following legislative elections" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Chamber of Counsilors (or upper house) (270 seats - to be reduced to a maximum of 120; members elected indirectly by local councils, professional organizations, and labor syndicates to serve six-year terms; one-third of the members are elected every three years) and Chamber of Representatives (or lower house) (395 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "Chamber of Counselors - last held on 3 October 2009 (next to be held in mid-2013); Chamber of Representatives - last held on 25 November 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", + "election_results": "Chamber of Counselors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PJD 107, PI 60, RNI 52, PAM 47, USFP 39, MP 32, UC 23, PPS 18, other 17" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Court of Cassation (consists of 5-judge panels organized into civil, family matters, commercial, administrative, social, and criminal sections)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch upon the recommendation of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary", + "subordinate_courts": "courts of appeal; regional and sadad courts (for religious, civil and administrative, and penal adjudication)" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Action Party or PA [Mohammed EL IDRISSI]; Al Ahd (The Covenant) Party [Najib EL OUAZZANI]; Alliance des Libert'es (Alliance of Liberty) or ADL [Ali BELHAJ]; An-Nahj Ad-Dimocrati or An-Nahj [Abdellah EL HARIF]; Authenticity and Modernity Party or PAM [Mustapha BAKKOURY, secretary general]; Choura et Istiqlal (Consultation and Independence) Party or PCI [Abdelwahed MAACH]; Citizens' Forces or FC [Abderrahman LAHJOUJI]; Citizenship and Development Initiative or ICD [Mohamed BENHAMOU]; Constitutional Union Party or UC [Mohammed ABIED]; Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]; Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Touhami EL KHIARI]; Democratic Socialist Vanguard Party or PADS [Ahmed BENJELLOUN]; Democratic Society Party or PSD [Zhor CHEKKAFI]; Democratic Union or UD [Bouazza IKKEN]; Environment and Development Party or PED [Ahmed EL ALAMI]; Istiqlal (Independence) Party or PI [Hamid CHABAT]; Party of Justice and Development or PJD [Abdelillah BENKIRANE]; Labor Party or LP [Abdelkrim BENATIK]; Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [Mohamed ZIANE]; National Democratic Party or PND [Abdallah KADIRI]; National Ittihadi Congress Party or CNI [Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA]; National Popular Movement or MNP [Mahjoubi AHERDANE]; National Rally of Independents or RNI [Mustapha EL MANSOURI]; National Union of Popular Forces or UNFP [Abdellah IBRAHIM]; Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER]; Progress and Socialism Party or PPS [Ismail ALAOUI]; Reform and Development Party or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOUHEN]; Renaissance and Virtue Party or PRV [Mohamed KHALIDI]; Renewal and Equity Party or PRE [Chakir ACHABAR]; Social Center Party or PSC [Lahcen MADIH]; Socialist Democratic Party or PSD [Aissa OUARDIGHI]; Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Driss LACHGAR]; Unified Socialist Left Party or PGSU [Mohamed Ben Said AIT IDDER]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Democratic Confederation of Labor or CDT [Noubir AMAOUI]; General Union of Moroccan Workers or UGTM [Abderrazzak AFILAL]; Justice and Charity Organization or JCO; Moroccan Employers Association or CGEM [Hassan CHAMI]; National Labor Union of Morocco or UNMT [Abdelslam MAATI]; Union of Moroccan Workers or UMT [Mahjoub BENSEDDIK]" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Paris Club (associate), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mohammed Rachad BOUHLAL", + "chancery": "1601 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20009", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 462-7979", + "fax": "[1] (202) 462-7643", + "consulates_general": "New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Matthew LUSSENHOP", + "embassy": "2 Avenue de Mohamed El Fassi, Rabat", + "mailing_address": "Unit 9400, Box 021, DPO AE 09718", + "telephone": "[212] (537) 76 22 65", + "fax": "[212] (537) 76 56 61", + "consulates_general": "Casablanca" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as Sulayman's (Solomon's) seal in the center of the flag; red and green are traditional colors in Arab flags, although the use of red is more commonly associated with the Arab states of the Persian gulf; the pentacle represents the five pillars of Islam and signifies the association between God and the nation; design dates to 1912" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "pentacle symbol; lion" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Hymne Cherifien\" (Hymn of the Sharif)", + "lyrics_music": "Ali Squalli HOUSSAINI/Leo MORGAN", + "note": "music adopted 1956, lyrics adopted 1970" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Morocco has capitalized on its proximity to Europe and relatively low labor costs to build a diverse, open, market-oriented economy. In the 1980s Morocco was a heavily indebted country before pursuing austerity measures and pro-market reforms, overseen by the IMF. Since taking the throne in 1999, King MOHAMMED VI has presided over a stable economy marked by steady growth, low inflation, and gradually falling unemployment, although a poor harvest and economic difficulties in Europe contributed to an economic slowdown in 2012. Industrial development strategies and infrastructure improvements - most visibly illustrated by a new port and free trade zone near Tangier - are improving Morocco's competitiveness. Morocco also seeks to expand its renewable energy capacity with a goal of making renewable 40% of electricity output by 2020. Key sectors of the economy include agriculture, tourism, phosphates, textiles, apparel, and subcomponents. To boost exports, Morocco entered into a bilateral Free Trade Agreement with the United States in 2006 and an Advanced Status agreement with the European Union in 2008. Despite Morocco's economic progress, the country suffers from high unemployment, poverty, and illiteracy, particularly in rural areas. In 2011 and 2012, high prices on fuel - which is subsidized and almost entirely imported - strained the government''s budget and widened the country''s current account deficit. Key economic challenges for Morocco include fighting corruption and reforming the education system, the judiciary, and the government''s costly subsidy program." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$174 billion (2012 est.); $169 billion (2011 est.); $161 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$97.53 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "3% (2012 est.); 5% (2011 est.); 3.6% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$5,400 (2012 est.); $5,300 (2011 est.); $5,100 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "26.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 27.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 30.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "59.7%", + "government_consumption": "19.2%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "31.4%", + "investment_in_inventories": "3.9%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "36.2%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-50.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "15.1%", + "industry": "31.7%", + "services": "53.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "barley, wheat, citrus fruits, grapes, vegetables, olives; livestock; wine" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, energy, tourism" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.9% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "11.53 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "44.6%", + "industry": "19.8%", + "services": "35.5% (2006 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "9% (2012 est.); 8.9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "15% (2007 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.7%", + "highest_10%": "33.2% (2007)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "40.9 (2007 est.); 39.5 (1999 est.)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$25.33 billion", + "expenditures": "$33.29 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "26% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-8.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "71.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 64.8% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "1.2% (2012 est.); 0.9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 3.31% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "6.3% (31 December 2012 est.); 6.32% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$72.33 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $68.41 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$107.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $102.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$112.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $104 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$60.09 billion (31 December 2011); $69.15 billion (31 December 2010); $62.91 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$8.508 billion (2012 est.); -$8.337 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$21.8 billion (2012 est.); $21.51 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "clothing and textiles, electric components, inorganic chemicals, transistors, crude minerals, fertilizers (including phosphates), petroleum products, citrus fruits, vegetables, fish" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "France 21%, Spain 17.3%, Brazil 5.4%, India 4.9%, US 4.6% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$42.45 billion (2012 est.); $40.96 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "crude petroleum, textile fabric, telecommunications equipment, wheat, gas and electricity, transistors, plastics" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Spain 13.1%, France 12.1%, China 6.9%, US 6.8%, Saudi Arabia 6.2%, Italy 5.1%, Russia 5%, Germany 4.9% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$17.54 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $20.64 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$33.98 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $29.05 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$49.93 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $47.78 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$1.353 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.603 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Moroccan dirhams (MAD) per US dollar -; 8.6087 (2012 est.); 8.0899 (2011 est.); 8.4172 (2010 est.); 8.0571 (2009); 7.526 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "20.09 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "22.21 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "4.623 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "6.164 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "67.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "20.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "4.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "5,500 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "95,460 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "100 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "113,300 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "203,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "15,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "107,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "70 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "570 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "500 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "1.444 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "35.66 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "3.566 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "36.554 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "good system composed of open-wire lines, cables, and microwave radio relay links; principal switching centers are Casablanca and Rabat; national network nearly 100% digital using fiber-optic links; improved rural service employs microwave radio relay; Internet available but expensive", + "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity is roughly 10 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership exceeds 100 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 212; landing point for the Atlas Offshore, Estepona-Tetouan, Euroafrica, Spain-Morocco, and SEA-ME-WE-3 fiber-optic telecommunications undersea cables that provide connectivity to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria; participant in Medarabtel; fiber-optic cable link from Agadir to Algeria and Tunisia (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "2 TV broadcast networks with state-run Radio-Television Marocaine (RTM) operating one network and the state partially owning the other; foreign TV broadcasts are available via satellite dish; 3 radio broadcast networks with RTM operating one; the government-owned network includes 10 regional radio channels in addition to its national service (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".ma" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "277,338 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "13.213 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "55 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "31", + "over_3_047_m": "11", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "9", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "7", + "914_to_1_523_m": "4 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "24", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "7", + "914_to_1_523_m": "11", + "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "1 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "gas 944 km; oil 270 km; refined products 175 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "2,067 km", + "standard_gauge": "2,067 km 1.435-m gauge (1,022 km electrified) (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "58,256 km", + "paved": "39,480 km (includes 866 km of expressways)", + "unpaved": "18,776 km (2006)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "26", + "by_type": "cargo 1, chemical tanker 3, container 6, passenger/cargo 14, roll on/roll off 2", + "foreign_owned": "14 (France 3, Germany 1, Italy 1, Spain 9)", + "registered_in_other_countries": "4 (Gibraltar 4) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Casablanca, Jorf Lasfar, Mohammedia, Safi, Tangier" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Royal Armed Forces (Forces Armees Royales, FAR): Royal Moroccan Army (includes Air Defense), Royal Moroccan Navy (includes Coast Guard, Marines), Royal Moroccan Air Force (Al Quwwat al Jawyiya al Malakiya Marakishiya; Force Aerienne Royale Marocaine) (2010)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "20 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; service obligation - 18 months (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "8,252,682", + "females_age_16_49": "8,691,419 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "7,026,016", + "females_age_16_49": "7,377,045 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "300,327", + "female": "298,366 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "4.8% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "claims and administers Western Sahara whose sovereignty remains unresolved; Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera, the islands of Penon de Alhucemas and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island); discussions have not progressed on a comprehensive maritime delimitation, setting limits on resource exploration and refugee interdiction, since Morocco's 2002 rejection of Spain's unilateral designation of a median line from the Canary Islands; Morocco serves as one of the primary launching areas of illegal migration into Spain from North Africa; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; the National Liberation Front's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco is a dormant dispute" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Morocco is a source, destination, and transit country for men, women, and children who are subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Moroccan adults and children are exploited for forced labor and forced prostitution in the Middle East and Europe; some Moroccan girls recruited to work as maids experience conditions of forced labor, while some Moroccan boys are forced to work as apprentices in the artisan and construction industries and in mechanic shops; women and children from sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia who voluntarily enter Morocco are subsequently coerced into prostitution or, less frequently, domestic service; women and children from Cote d'Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Nigeria are also vulnerable to sex trafficking and, to a lesser extent, forced labor in Morocco", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Morocco does not comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government does not demonstrate progress in investigating, prosecuting, convicting, and adequately punishing trafficking offenders and has failed to provide law enforcement data; it has not developed or employed systematic procedures to proactively identify trafficking victims among vulnerable groups, particularly the sub-Saharan migrant community, but has made some efforts to offer protective services to Moroccan women and child trafficking victims; Morocco continues to lack a single comprehensive anti-trafficking law (2013)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "one of the world's largest producers of illicit hashish; shipments of hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; significant consumer of cannabis" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/mg-madagascar.json b/africa/mg-madagascar.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8345d33e --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/mg-madagascar.json @@ -0,0 +1,614 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar became a French colony in 1896 but regained independence in 1960. During 1992-93, free presidential and National Assembly elections were held ending 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997, in the second presidential race, Didier RATSIRAKA, the leader during the 1970s and 1980s, was returned to the presidency. The 2001 presidential election was contested between the followers of Didier RATSIRAKA and Marc RAVALOMANANA, nearly causing secession of half of the country. In April 2002, the High Constitutional Court announced RAVALOMANANA the winner. RAVALOMANANA achieved a second term following a landslide victory in the generally free and fair presidential elections of 2006. In early 2009, protests over increasing restrictions on opposition press and activities resulted in RAVALOMANANA handing over power to the military, which then conferred the presidency on the mayor of Antananarivo, Andry RAJOELINA, in what amounted to a coup d'etat. Numerous attempts have been made by regional and international organizations to resolve the subsequent political gridlock by forming a power-sharing government. Madagascar's independent electoral commission and the UN originally planned to hold a presidential election in early May 2013, but postponed the election until late July 2013, due to logistical delays." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "20 00 S, 47 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "587,041 sq km", + "land": "581,540 sq km", + "water": "5,501 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Arizona" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "4,828 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm or 100 nm from the 2,500-m isobath" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Maromokotro 2,876 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, rare earth elements, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "5.96%", + "permanent_crops": "1.02%", + "other": "93.02% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "10,860 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "337 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "16.5 cu km/yr (2%/1%/97%)", + "per_capita": "1,010 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "periodic cyclones; drought; and locust infestation", + "volcanism": "Madagascar's volcanoes have not erupted in historical times" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organic wastes; several endangered species of flora and fauna unique to the island" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "world's fourth-largest island; strategic location along Mozambique Channel" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Malagasy (singular and plural)", + "adjective": "Malagasy" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Malayo-Indonesian (Merina and related Betsileo), Cotiers (mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry - Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava), French, Indian, Creole, Comoran" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "French (official), Malagasy (official), English" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "indigenous beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "22,599,098 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "41.1% (male 4,678,675/female 4,599,636)", + "15_24_years": "20.6% (male 2,332,608/female 2,323,409)", + "25_54_years": "31.1% (male 3,514,600/female 3,507,724)", + "55_64_years": "4.1% (male 445,159/female 485,846)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.1% (male 322,706/female 388,735) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "82.5 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "77.4 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.1 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "19.5 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "19 years", + "male": "18.8 years", + "female": "19.2 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.65% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "33.58 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "32.6% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "4.73% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "ANTANANARIVO (capital) 1.816 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.91 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.83 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "19.5", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2009 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "240 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "46.13 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "50.17 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "41.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "64.85 years", + "male": "63.45 years", + "female": "66.29 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4.36 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "39.9% (2008/09)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "3.8% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.16 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.2 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 74% of population; rural: 34% of population; total: 46% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 26% of population; rural: 66% of population; total: 54% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 21% of population; rural: 12% of population; total: 15% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 79% of population; rural: 88% of population; total: 85% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.2% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "24,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "1,700 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "1.6% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "36.8% (2004)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "2.8% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "64.5%", + "male": "67.4%", + "female": "61.6% (2009 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "10 years", + "male": "11 years", + "female": "10 years (2009)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "1,827,423", + "percentage": "28 %", + "note": "data represents children ages 5-17 (2007 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "2.3%", + "male": "1.7%", + "female": "2.8% (2005)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Madagascar", + "conventional_short_form": "Madagascar", + "local_long_form": "Republique de Madagascar/Repoblikan'i Madagasikara", + "local_short_form": "Madagascar/Madagasikara", + "former": "Malagasy Republic" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Antananarivo", + "geographic_coordinates": "18 55 S, 47 31 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "6 provinces (faritany); Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "26 June 1960 (from France)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 26 June (1960)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "passed by referendum 17 November 2010; promulgated 11 December 2010 (2010)" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the old French civil code and customary law in matters of marriage, family, and obligation" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Andry Nirina RAJOELINA (since 18 March 2009)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Jean Omer BERIZIKY (since 2 November 2011)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 December 2006 (next to be held NA); prime minister appointed by the president; note - a power-sharing agreement concluded in September 2011 established conditions for general elections, expected toward the end of 2013 after repeated delays", + "election_results": "percent of vote - Marc RAVALOMANANA 54.8%, Jean LAHINIRIKO 11.7%, Roland RATSIRAKA 10.1%, Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO 9.1%, Norbert RATSIRAHONANA 4.2%, Ny Hasina ANDRIAMANJATO 4.2%, Elia RAVELOMANANTSOA 2.6%, Pety RAKOTONIAINA 1.7%, other 1.6%; note - RAVALOMANANA stepped down on 17 March 2009", + "note": "on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA; a power-sharing agreement established a 15-month transition period to conclude with general elections in 2010, which failed to occur; a subsequent agreement aimed for elections in early 2013 which have since slid and are now expected late in 2013" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral legislature consists of a Senate or Senat (100 seats; two-thirds of the members appointed by regional assemblies; the remaining one-third appointed by the president; members to serve four-year terms) and a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (127 seats - reduced from 160 seats by an April 2007 national referendum; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", + "elections": "National Assembly - last held on 23 September 2007 (next to be concurrent with presidential elections); note - a power-sharing agreement in the summer of 2009 established a 15-month transition, concluding in general elections tentatively scheduled for late 2013 after repeated delays", + "election_results": "National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - TIM 106, LEADER/Fanilo 1, independents 20" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 11 members; addresses judicial administration issues only); High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle (consists of 9 members) note - the judiciary includes a High Court of Justice responsible for adjudicating crimes and misdemeanors by government officials including the president", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court heads elected by the president and judiciary officials to serve single-renewable, 3-year terms; High Constitutional Court members appointed - 3 each by the president, by both legislative bodies, and by the Council of Magistrates; members serve single, 6-year terms", + "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; provincial and city tribunals" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA [Pierrot RAJAONARIVELO]; Democratic Party for Union in Madagascar or PSDUM [Jean LAHINIRIKO]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO]; Fihaonana Party or FP [Guy-Willy RAZANAMASY]; Green Party or Vert [Sarah Georget RABEHARISOA]; I Love Madagascar or TIM [Marc RAVALOMANANA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or RPSD [Evariste MARSON]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Committee for the Defense of Truth and Justice or KMMR; Committee for National Reconciliation or CRN [Albert Zafy]; National Council of Christian Churches or FFKM" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU (suspended), CD, COMESA, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF (suspended), OPCW, PCA, SADC (suspended), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Velotiana Rakotoanosy RAOBELINA", + "chancery": "2374 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 265-5525 through 5526", + "fax": "[1] (202) 265-3034", + "consulates_general": "New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Eric WONG", + "embassy": "Lot 207A, Point Liberty, Andranoro, Antehiroka, 105 Antananarivo", + "mailing_address": "B. P. 620, Antsahavola, Antananarivo", + "telephone": "[261] (23) 480 00/01", + "fax": "[261] (23) 480 35" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a vertical white band of the same width on hoist side; by tradition, red stands for sovereignty, green for hope, white for purity" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Ry Tanindraza nay malala o\" (Oh, Our Beloved Fatherland)", + "lyrics_music": "Pasteur RAHAJASON/Norbert RAHARISOA", + "note": "adopted 1959" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "After discarding socialist economic policies in the mid-1990s, Madagascar followed a World Bank- and IMF-led policy of privatization and liberalization that has been undermined since the start of the political crisis. This strategy placed the country on a slow and steady growth path from an extremely low level. Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is a mainstay of the economy, accounting for more than one-fourth of GDP and employing 80% of the population. Exports of apparel boomed in recent years primarily due to duty-free access to the US, however, Madagascar's failure to comply with the requirements of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) led to the termination of the country's duty-free access in January 2010 and a sharp fall in textile production. Deforestation and erosion, aggravated by the use of firewood as the primary source of fuel, are serious concerns. The current political crisis, which began in early 2009, has dealt additional blows to the economy. Tourism dropped more than 50% in 2009 compared with the previous year, and many investors are wary of entering the uncertain investment environment. Growth was anemic during 2010 to 2012 although expansion in mining and agricultural sectors is expected to contribute to more growth in 2013." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$21.76 billion (2012 est.); $21.35 billion (2011 est.); $20.97 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$10.12 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.9% (2012 est.); 1.8% (2011 est.); 0.4% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,000 (2012 est.); $1,000 (2011 est.); $1,000 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "-1% of GDP (2012 est.); -2.3% of GDP (2011 est.); -4% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "85.7%", + "government_consumption": "11.9%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.7%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "28.5%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-44.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "27.9%", + "industry": "16.2%", + "services": "55.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), beans, bananas, peanuts; livestock products" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "meat processing, seafood, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum, tourism" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "9.504 million (2007)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "50% (2004 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.2%", + "highest_10%": "34.7% (2010 est.)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "47.5 (2001); 38.1 (1999)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$1.758 billion", + "expenditures": "$1.929 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "17.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-1.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "6.4% (2012 est.); 9.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "5% (31 December 2010 est.); NA% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "56.25% (31 December 2012 est.); 52.5% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$1.492 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.445 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$2.926 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.223 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$1.245 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.054 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$2.322 billion (2012 est.); -$2.526 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$640.7 million (2012 est.); $588.3 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar, cotton cloth, clothing, chromite, petroleum products" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "France 23.1%, China 6.5%, US 6.5%, Singapore 5.8%, Canada 5.4%, India 5.3%, Germany 5.3%, Indonesia 5.2%, South Africa 4.4% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$2.755 billion (2012 est.); $2.697 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "capital goods, petroleum, consumer goods, food" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 17.2%, France 12.1%, South Africa 5.3%, Bahrain 5.1%, India 5%, Mauritius 4.7%, Kuwait 4.4% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$1.191 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.279 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$3.127 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.769 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Malagasy ariary (MGA) per US dollar -; 2,195 (2012 est.); 2,025.1 (2011 est.); 2,090 (2010 est.); 1,956.2 (2009); 1,654.78 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "1.35 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "1.256 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "406,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "69.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "30.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "17,480 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "14,250 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "3.384 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "138,100 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "8.665 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "system is above average for the region; Antananarivo's main telephone exchange modernized in the late 1990s, but the rest of the analogue-based telephone system is poorly developed", + "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity about 40 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 261; landing point for the EASSy, SEACOM, and LION fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Indian Ocean, 1 Intersputnik - Atlantic Ocean region) (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state-owned Radio Nationale Malagasy (RNM) and Television Malagasy (TVM) have an extensive national network reach; privately owned radio and TV broadcasters in cities and major towns; state-run radio dominates in rural areas; relays of 2 international broadcasters are available in Antananarivo (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".mg" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "38,392 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "319,900 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "83 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "26", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6", + "914_to_1_523_m": "16", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "57", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "38", + "under_914_m": "18 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "854 km", + "narrow_gauge": "854 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "65,663 km", + "paved": "7,617 km", + "unpaved": "58,046 km (2003)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "600 km (432 km navigable) (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "1", + "by_type": "cargo 1", + "registered_in_other_countries": "1 (unknown 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Antsiranana (Diego Suarez), Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara (Tulear)" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "People's Armed Forces: Intervention Force, Development Force, and Aeronaval Force (navy and air); National Gendarmerie" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-25 years of age for male-only voluntary military service; no conscription; service obligation is 18 months for military or equivalent civil service; 20-30 years of age for National Gendarmerie recruits and 35 years of age for those with military experience (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "4,900,729", + "females_age_16_49": "4,909,061 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "3,390,071", + "females_age_16_49": "3,682,180 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "248,184", + "female": "246,769 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "5.1% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, and Juan de Nova Island (all administered by France); the vegetated drying cays of Banc du Geyser, which were claimed by Madagascar in 1976, also fall within the EEZ claims of the Comoros and France (Glorioso Islands, part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Madagascar is a source country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and women and children subjected to sex trafficking; poor Malagasy women hired as domestic workers in Lebanon and Kuwait are vulnerable to abuse by recruitment agencies and employers; an increasing number of Malagasy men were victimized by labor trafficking abroad in 2012; Malagasy children are subjected to domestic servitude, prostitution, forced begging, and forced labor within the country, often with the complicity of family members; coastal cities have child sex tourism trades, with Malagasy men being the main clients", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Madagascar does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; law enforcement authorities have made a significant increase in efforts in 2012, resulting in 30 trafficking-related prosecutions and two convictions; public officials complicity in human trafficking, however, remains a significant problem; the government has failed to identify and refer victims to protective services and has not supported NGO-run care facilities; the government also has not engaged any Middle Eastern governments regarding the protection of and legal remedies for Malagasy workers exploited abroad (2013)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point for heroin" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ml-mali.json b/africa/ml-mali.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5b90cf1b --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/ml-mali.json @@ -0,0 +1,610 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, what formerly made up the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 by a military coup that ushered in a period of democratic rule. President Alpha KONARE won Mali's first two democratic presidential elections in 1992 and 1997. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, he stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou TOURE, who was elected to a second term in 2007 elections that were widely judged to be free and fair. Malian returnees from Libya in 2011 exacerbated tensions in northern Mali, and Tuareg ethnic militias started a rebellion in January 2012. Low- and mid-level soldiers, frustrated with the poor handling of the rebellion overthrew TOURE on 22 March. Intensive mediation efforts led by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) returned power to a civilian administration in April with the appointment of interim President Dioncounda TRAORE. The post-coup chaos led to rebels expelling the Malian military from the three northern regions of the country and allowed Islamic militants to set up strongholds. Hundreds of thousands of northern Malians fled the violence to southern Mali and neighboring countries, exacerbating regional food insecurity in host communities. A military intervention to retake the three northern regions began in January 2013 and within a month most of the north had been retaken. In a democratic presidential election conducted in July and August of 2013, Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA was elected president." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "interior Western Africa, southwest of Algeria, north of Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso, west of Niger" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "17 00 N, 4 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "1,240,192 sq km", + "land": "1,220,190 sq km", + "water": "20,002 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Texas" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "7,243 km", + "border_countries": "Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Senegal River 23 m", + "highest_point": "Hombori Tondo 1,155 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower", + "note": "bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "5.53%", + "permanent_crops": "0.1%", + "other": "94.37% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "2,358 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "100 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "6.55 cu km/yr (9%/1%/90%)", + "per_capita": "545.4 cu m/yr (2000)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Malian(s)", + "adjective": "Malian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "French (official), Bambara 46.3%, Peul/foulfoulbe 9.4%, Dogon 7.2%, Maraka/soninke 6.4%, Malinke 5.6%, Sonrhai/djerma 5.6%, Minianka 4.3%, Tamacheq 3.5%, Senoufo 2.6%, unspecified 0.6%, other 8.5%" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Muslim 94.8%, Christian 2.4%, Animist 2%, none 0.5%, unspecified 0.3% (2009 Census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "15,968,882 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "47.7% (male 3,824,877/female 3,794,196)", + "15_24_years": "19% (male 1,439,032/female 1,587,072)", + "25_54_years": "26.6% (male 1,980,766/female 2,270,676)", + "55_64_years": "3.7% (male 297,365/female 295,495)", + "65_years_and_over": "3% (male 240,681/female 238,722) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "100.7 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "95.1 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.6 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "17.9 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "16 years", + "male": "15.4 years", + "female": "16.6 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.01% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "46.06 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "13.55 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-2.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "34.9% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "4.77% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "BAMAKO (capital) 1.628 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.91 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.88 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "18.6 (2006 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "540 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "106.49 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "113.23 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "99.56 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "54.55 years", + "male": "52.75 years", + "female": "56.41 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "6.25 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "8.2% (2006)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "5% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.05 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.1 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 87% of population; rural: 51% of population; total: 64% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 13% of population; rural: 49% of population; total: 36% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 35% of population; rural: 14% of population; total: 22% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 65% of population; rural: 86% of population; total: 78% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "1% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "76,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "4,400 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "4.3% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "27.9% (2006)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "4.8% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "33.4%", + "male": "43.1%", + "female": "24.6% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "8 years", + "male": "8 years", + "female": "7 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "1,485,027", + "percentage": "36 % (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Mali", + "conventional_short_form": "Mali", + "local_long_form": "Republique de Mali", + "local_short_form": "Mali", + "former": "French Sudan and Sudanese Republic" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Bamako", + "geographic_coordinates": "12 39 N, 8 00 W", + "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "8 regions (regions, singular - region), 1 district*; District de Bamako*, Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou (Timbuktu)" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "22 September 1960 (from France)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 22 September (1960)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "adopted 12 January 1992" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the French civil law model and influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA (since 4 September 2013)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Oumar Tatum LY (since 5 September 2013)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); the election scheduled for 29 April 2012 and delayed following the March 2012 coup took place 28 July 2013 and a runoff election was held on 11 August 2013; prime minister appointed by the president", + "election_results": "Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA elected president in a runoff election; percent of vote Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA 77.6%, Soumaila CISSE 22.4%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 1 and 22 July 2007 (July 2012 scheduled election delayed after the military coup)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ADP coalition 113 (ADEMA 51, URD 34, MPR 8, CNID 7, UDD 3, and other 10), FDR coalition 15 (RPM 11, PARENA 4), SADI 4, independent 15" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 19 members organized into 3 civil chambers and a criminal chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court members appointed by the Ministry of Justice to serve 5-year terms; Constitutional Court members selected - 3 each by the president, the National Assembly, and the Supreme Council of the Magistracy; members serve single renewable 7-year terms", + "subordinate_courts": "High Court of Justice (jurisdiction limited to cases of high treason or criminal offenses by the president or ministers while in office)" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO, secretary general]; Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda TRAORE]; Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP (a coalition of political parties including ADEMA and URD formed in December 2006 to support the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE); Alliance for Democratic Change (political group comprised mainly of Tuareg from Mali's northern region); Convergence 2007 [Soumeylou Boubeye MAIGA]; Convergence for the development of Mali or CODEM [Housseyni GUINDO]; Front for Democracy and the Republic or FDR (a coalition of political parties including RPM and PARENA formed to oppose the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE); National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Mady KONATE]; Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME]; Patriotic Movement for Renewal or MPR [Choguel MAIGA]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [Amadou Ali NIANGADOU]; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Basir GOLOGO]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY]; Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Soumaila CISSE]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "other": "the army; Islamic authorities; state-run cotton company CMDT" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Al Maamoun Baba Lamine KEITA", + "chancery": "2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 332-2249, 939-8950", + "fax": "[1] (202) 332-6603" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mary Beth LEONARD", + "embassy": "located just off the Roi Bin Fahad Aziz Bridge just west of the Bamako central district", + "mailing_address": "ACI 2000, Rue 243, Porte 297, Bamako", + "telephone": "[223] 2070-2300", + "fax": "[223] 2070-2479" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red", + "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the colors from left to right are the same as those of neighboring Senegal (which has an additional green central star) and the reverse of those on the flag of neighboring Guinea" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Le Mali\" (Mali)", + "lyrics_music": "Seydou Badian KOUYATE/Banzoumana SISSOKO", + "note": "adopted 1962; the anthem is also known as \"Pour L'Afrique et pour toi, Mali\" (For Africa and for You, Mali) and \"A ton appel Mali\" (At Your Call, Mali)" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Among the 25 poorest countries in the world, Mali is a landlocked country highly dependent on gold mining and agricultural exports for revenue. The country's fiscal status fluctuates with gold and agricultural commodity prices and the harvest. Mali remains dependent on foreign aid. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger River and about 65% of its land area is desert or semidesert. About 10% of the population is nomadic and about 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. The government in 2011 completed an IMF extended credit facility program that has helped the economy grow, diversify, and attract foreign investment. Mali is developing its cotton and iron ore extraction industries to diversify foreign exchange revenue away from gold. Mali has invested in tourism but security issues are hurting the industry. Mali experienced economic growth of about 5% per year between 1996-2010, but the global recession and a military coup caused a decline in output in 2012. The interim government slashed public spending in the context of a declining state of security and declining international aid." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$18.28 billion (2012 est.); $18.5 billion (2011 est.); $18.01 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$10.32 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "-1.2% (2012 est.); 2.7% (2011 est.); 5.8% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,100 (2012 est.); $1,200 (2011 est.); $1,200 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "19.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 12.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 8.5% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "67.6%", + "government_consumption": "12.8%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "26.4%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.6%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "27.1%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-34.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "36.9%", + "industry": "23.4%", + "services": "39.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "3.241 million (2007 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "80%", + "industry_and_services": "20% (2005 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "30% (2004 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "36.1% (2005 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "3.5%", + "highest_10%": "25.8% (2010 est.)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "40.1 (2001); 50.5 (1994)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$1.821 billion", + "expenditures": "$1.948 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "17.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-1.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "25.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 25.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "5.4% (2012 est.); 2.9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "16% (31 December 2010 est.); 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "9.3% (31 December 2012 est.); 9% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$2.583 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.156 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$3.401 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.929 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$2.102 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.669 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$1.421 billion (2012 est.); -$1.301 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$2.755 billion (2012 est.); $2.373 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "cotton, gold, livestock" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "China 53.7%, Malaysia 11.2%, Indonesia 5.4%, India 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$2.793 billion (2012 est.); $2.78 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "France 10.9%, Senegal 9.7%, China 8.4%, Cote dIvoire 8% (2012)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$2.789 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.693 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$2.545 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.34 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$540.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $247.2 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "520 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "483.6 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "304,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "48.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "51.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "4,994 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "4,568 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "893,700 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "104,700 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "10.822 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "domestic system unreliable but improving; increasing use of local radio loops to extend network coverage to remote areas", + "domestic": "fixed-line subscribership remains less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership has increased sharply to about 70 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 223; satellite communications center and fiber-optic links to neighboring countries; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean) (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "national public TV broadcaster; 2 privately owned companies provide subscription services to foreign multi-channel TV packages; national public radio broadcaster supplemented by a large number of privately owned and community broadcast stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".ml" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "437 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "249,800 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "25 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "8", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "4", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "17", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", + "914_to_1_523_m": "9", + "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "2 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "593 km", + "narrow_gauge": "593 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "18,912 km", + "paved": "3,597 km", + "unpaved": "15,315 km (2004)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "1,800 km (downstream of Koulikoro; low water levels on the River Niger cause problems in dry years; in the months before the rainy season the river is not navigable by commercial vessels) (2011)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Koulikoro" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Malian Armed Forces: Army (Armee de Terre), Republic of Mali Air Force (Force Aerienne de la Republique du Mali, FARM), National Guard (Garde National du Mali) (2008)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for selective compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,848,412", + "females_age_16_49": "2,981,106 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,825,779", + "females_age_16_49": "1,968,563 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "158,031", + "female": "159,733 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "demarcation is underway with Burkina Faso" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "12,436 (Mauritania) (2012)", + "idps": "301,027 (Tuareg rebellion since 2012) (2013)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Mali is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; women and girls are forced into domestic servitude, agricultural labor, and support roles in gold mines, as well as subjected to sex trafficking; Malian boys are found in conditions of forced labor in agricultural settings, gold mines, and the informal commercial sector, as well as forced begging both within Mali and neighboring countries; Malians and other Africans who travel through Mali to Mauritania, Algeria, or Libya in hopes of reaching Europe are particularly at risk of becoming victims of human trafficking; men and boys, primarily of Songhai ethnicity, are subjected to the longstanding practice of debt bondage in the salt mines of Taoudenni in northern Mali; some members of Mali's black Tamachek community are subjected to traditional slavery-related practices, and this involuntary servitude reportedly has extended to their children; reports indicate that non-governmental armed groups operating in northern Mali recruited children as combatants, cooks, porters, guards, spies, and sex slaves", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Mali does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; although the government enacted a comprehensive anti-trafficking law in 2012, it did not demonstrate evidence of overall increasing efforts to address human trafficking over the previous year; the government has failed to prosecute or convict any trafficking offenders, has not provided any direct services to victims, and has not made any tangible prevention efforts; the government continues to cite a lack of personnel and resources as reasons for its inability to adequately identify and rescue child victims of forced labor in the mining industry (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/mr-mauritania.json b/africa/mr-mauritania.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b22747a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/mr-mauritania.json @@ -0,0 +1,595 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Independent from France in 1960, Mauritania annexed the southern third of the former Spanish Sahara (now Western Sahara) in 1976 but relinquished it after three years of raids by the Polisario guerrilla front seeking independence for the territory. Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed TAYA seized power in a coup in 1984 and ruled Mauritania with a heavy hand for more than two decades. A series of presidential elections that he held were widely seen as flawed. A bloodless coup in August 2005 deposed President TAYA and ushered in a military council that oversaw a transition to democratic rule. Independent candidate Sidi Ould Cheikh ABDALLAHI was inaugurated in April 2007 as Mauritania's first freely and fairly elected president. His term ended prematurely in August 2008 when a military junta led by General Mohamed Ould Abdel AZIZ deposed him and installed a military council government. AZIZ was subsequently elected president in July 2009 and sworn in the following month. AZIZ sustained injuries from an accidental shooting by his own troops in October 2012 but has continued to maintain his authority. The country continues to experience ethnic tensions among its black population (Afro-Mauritanians) and white and black Moor (Arab-Berber) communities, and is having to confront a growing terrorism threat by al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Senegal and Western Sahara" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "20 00 N, 12 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "1,030,700 sq km", + "land": "1,030,700 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly larger than three times the size of New Mexico" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "5,074 km", + "border_countries": "Algeria 463 km, Mali 2,237 km, Senegal 813 km, Western Sahara 1,561 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "754 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central hills" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Sebkhet Te-n-Dghamcha -5 m", + "highest_point": "Kediet Ijill 915 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "iron ore, gypsum, copper, phosphate, diamonds, gold, oil, fish" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "0.44%", + "permanent_crops": "0.01%", + "other": "99.55% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "450.1 sq km (2004)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "11.4 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "1.35 cu km/yr (7%/2%/91%)", + "per_capita": "420.2 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind blows primarily in March and April; periodic droughts" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "overgrazing, deforestation, and soil erosion aggravated by drought are contributing to desertification; limited natural freshwater resources away from the Senegal, which is the only perennial river; locust infestation" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "most of the population is concentrated in the cities of Nouakchott and Nouadhibou and along the Senegal River in the southern part of the country" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Mauritanian(s)", + "adjective": "Mauritanian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "mixed Moor/black 40%, Moor 30%, black 30%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Arabic (official and national), Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof (all national languages), French, Hassaniya" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Muslim (official) 100%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "3,437,610 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "39.8% (male 686,596/female 681,224)", + "15_24_years": "20% (male 335,998/female 351,367)", + "25_54_years": "32.2% (male 512,045/female 595,195)", + "55_64_years": "4.5% (male 68,960/female 84,303)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.5% (male 51,736/female 70,186) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "76.3 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "70.7 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.6 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "17.9 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "19.8 years", + "male": "18.8 years", + "female": "20.7 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.29% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "32.31 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "8.5 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-0.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "41.5% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "2.91% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "NOUAKCHOTT (capital) 709,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.86 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.82 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.74 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.93 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "21.9 (2001 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "510 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "57.48 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "62.51 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "52.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "61.91 years", + "male": "59.65 years", + "female": "64.23 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4.15 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "9.3% (2007)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "4.4% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.13 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.4 beds/1,000 population (2006)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 52% of population; rural: 48% of population; total: 50% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 48% of population; rural: 52% of population; total: 50% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 51% of population; rural: 9% of population; total: 26% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 49% of population; rural: 91% of population; total: 74% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.7% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "14,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", + "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "12.7% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "15.9% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "3.9% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "58.6%", + "male": "65.3%", + "female": "52% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "8 years", + "male": "8 years", + "female": "8 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "127,251", + "percentage": "16 % (2007 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Islamic Republic of Mauritania", + "conventional_short_form": "Mauritania", + "local_long_form": "Al Jumhuriyah al Islamiyah al Muritaniyah", + "local_short_form": "Muritaniyah" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "military junta" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Nouakchott", + "geographic_coordinates": "18 04 N, 15 58 W", + "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "13 regions (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Assaba, Brakna, Dakhlet Nouadhibou, Gorgol, Guidimaka, Hodh ech Chargui, Hodh el Gharbi, Inchiri, Nouakchott, Tagant, Tiris Zemmour, Trarza" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "28 November 1960 (from France)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 28 November (1960)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "12 July 1991" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic and French civil law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Mohamed Ould Abdel AZIZ (since 5 August 2009); note - AZIZ, who deposed democratically elected President Sidi Ould Cheikh ABDELLAHI in a coup and installed himself as President of the High State Council on 6 August 2008, retired from the military and stepped down from the presidency in April 2009 to run for president; he was elected president in an election held on 18 July 2009", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Moulaye Ould Mohamed LAGHDAF (since 14 August 2008)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held on 18 July 2009 (next to be held by 2014)", + "election_results": "percent of vote - Mohamed Ould Abdel AZIZ 52.6%, Messaoud Ould BOULKHEIR 16.3%, Ahmed Ould DADDAH 13.7%, other 17.4%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral legislature consists of the Senate or Majlis al-Shuyukh (56 seats; 53 members elected by municipal leaders and 3 members elected for Mauritanians abroad to serve six-year terms; a portion of seats up for election every two years) and the National Assembly or Al Jamiya Al Wataniya (95 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "Senate - last held in November 2009; National Assembly - last held on 19 November and 3 December 2006 (election scheduled for 16 October 2011 postponed, rescheduled for 31 March 2012 and then postponed indefinitely)", + "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPM (Coalition of Majority Parties) 45, COD 7, RNRD-TAWASSOUL 4; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPM 63 (UPR 50, PRDR 7, UDP 3, HATEM-PMUC 2, RD 1), COD 27 (RFD 9, UFP 6, APP 6, PNDD-ADIL 6), RNRD-TAWASSOUL 4, FP 1" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (subdivided into 1 criminal and 2 civil chambers, each with a president and 5 counselors); Constitutional Council (consists of 6 members)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court president appointed by the president of the republic to serve a 5-year renewable term; Constitutional Council members appointed - 3 by the president of the republic, 2 by the president of the National Assembly, and 1 by the president of the Senate; members serve single, 9-year terms with one-third of membership renewed every 3 years", + "subordinate_courts": "High Court of Justice (cases involving treason and criminal acts of high government officials); courts of appeal; wilaya (regional) courts (located at the headquarters of each of the 13 regions); commercial and labor courts; criminal courts; moughataa (district) courts; informal/customary courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Alternative or El-Badil [Mohamed Yahdhi Ould MOCTAR HACEN]; Coalition of Majority Parties or CPM (parties supporting the regime including PRDR, UPR, RD, HATEM-PMUC, UCD); Coordination of Democratic Opposition or COD (coalition of opposition political parties opposed to the government including APP, RFD, UFP, PNDD-ADIL, Alternative or El-Badil); Democratic Renewal or RD [Moustapha Ould ABDEIDARRAHMANE]; Mauritanian Party for Unity and Change or HATEM-PMUC [Saleh Ould HANENA]; National Pact for Democracy and Development or PNDD-ADIL [Yahya Ould Ahmed El WAGHEF] (independents formerly supporting President Abdellahi); National Rally for Freedom, Democracy and Equality or RNDLE; National Rally for Reform and Development or RNRD-TAWASSOUL [Mohamed Jamil MANSOUR] (moderate Islamists); Popular Front or FP [Ch'bih Ould CHEIKH MALAININE]; Popular Progressive Alliance or APP [Messaoud Ould BOULKHEIR]; Rally of Democratic Forces or RFD [Ahmed Ould DADDAH]; Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal or PRDR [Mintata Mint HDEID]; Socialist and Democratic Unity Party or PUDS; Union for Democracy and Progress or UDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS]; Union for the Republic or UPR; Union of Democratic Center or UCD [Cheikh Sid'Ahmed Ould BABA]; Union of the Forces for Progress or UFP [Mohamed Ould MAOULOUD]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "General Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CGTM [Abdallahi Ould MOHAMED, secretary general]; Independent Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CLTM [Samory Ould BEYE]; Mauritanian Workers Union or UTM [Mohamed Ely Ould BRAHIM, secretary general]; ", + "other": "Arab nationalists; Ba'thists; Islamists" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU (candidate), EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mohamed Lemine El HAYCEN", + "chancery": "2129 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 232-5700 through 5701", + "fax": "[1] (202) 319-2623" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jo Ellen POWELL", + "embassy": "288 Rue Abdallaye, Rue 42-100 (between Presidency building and Spanish Embassy), Nouakchott", + "mailing_address": "BP 222, Nouakchott", + "telephone": "[222] 4525-2660 through 2663", + "fax": "[222] 4525-1592" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "green with a yellow five-pointed star above a yellow, horizontal crescent; the closed side of the crescent is down; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam; the gold color stands for the sands of the Sahara" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "star and crescent" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Hymne National de la Republique Islamique de Mauritanie\" (National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania)", + "lyrics_music": "Baba Ould CHEIKH/traditional, arranged by Tolia NIKIPROWETZKY", + "note": "adopted 1960; the unique rhythm of the Mauritanian anthem makes it particularly challenging to sing" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Half the population still depends on agriculture and livestock for a livelihood, even though many of the nomads and subsistence farmers were forced into the cities by recurrent droughts in the 1970s and 1980s. Mauritania has extensive deposits of iron ore, which account for nearly 40% of total exports. The nation's coastal waters are among the richest fishing areas in the world but overexploitation by foreigners threatens this key source of revenue. The country's first deepwater port opened near Nouakchott in 1986. Before 2000, drought and economic mismanagement resulted in a buildup of foreign debt. In February 2000, Mauritania qualified for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative and nearly all of its foreign debt has since been forgiven. A new investment code approved in December 2001 improved the opportunities for direct foreign investment. Mauritania and the IMF agreed to a three-year Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) arrangement in 2006. Mauritania made satisfactory progress, but the IMF, World Bank, and other international actors suspended assistance and investment in Mauritania after the August 2008 coup. Since the presidential election in July 2009, donors have resumed assistance. Oil prospects, while initially promising, have largely failed to materialize, and the government has placed a priority on attracting private investment to spur economic growth. The government also emphasizes reduction of poverty, improvement of health and education, and privatization of the economy. Economic growth remained around 5% in 2010-12, mostly because of rising prices of gold, copper, iron ore, and oil." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$7.824 billion (2012 est.); $7.356 billion (2011 est.); $7.082 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$4.199 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "6.4% (2012 est.); 3.9% (2011 est.); 5.1% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$2,200 (2012 est.); $2,100 (2011 est.); $2,000 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "17.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 17.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 15.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "87.7%", + "government_consumption": "16.9%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "30.5%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.1%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "68.6%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-103.9% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "14.9%", + "industry": "48%", + "services": "37.1% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "dates, millet, sorghum, rice, corn; cattle, sheep" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "fish processing, oil production, mining (iron ore, gold, and copper)", + "note": "gypsum deposits have never been exploited" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "9% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "1.318 million (2007)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "50%", + "industry": "10%", + "services": "40% (2001 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "30% (2008 est.); 20% (2004 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "40% (2004 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.5%", + "highest_10%": "29.5% (2000)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "39 (2000); 37.3 (1995)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$1.143 billion", + "expenditures": "$1.263 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "27.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-2.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "6.5% (2012 est.); 5.7% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "9% (31 December 2009 est.); 12% (31 December 2007)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "17% (31 December 2012 est.); 17% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$1.723 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.741 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$659.8 million (2012 est.); -$549.4 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$2.66 billion (2012 est.); $2.799 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "iron ore, fish and fish products, gold, copper, petroleum" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "China 48.6%, Italy 7.5%, Japan 7%, Cote dIvoire 6.7%, France 4.7%, Spain 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$2.916 billion (2012 est.); $2.656 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and equipment, petroleum products, capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 12.9%, Netherlands 10.5%, US 7.8%, France 7.7%, Brazil 5.6%, Germany 5.5%, Spain 5.1%, Belgium 4.7% (2012)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$2.897 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.709 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "ouguiyas (MRO) per US dollar -; 296.6 (2012 est.); 281.12 (2011 est.); 275.89 (2010 est.); 262.4 (2009); 238.2 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "474 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "440.8 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "253,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "61.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "38.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "7,738 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "10,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "20 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "18,120 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "12,870 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "28.32 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "2.89 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "72,300 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "3.315 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "limited system of cable and open-wire lines, minor microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations; mobile-cellular services expanding rapidly", + "domestic": "Mauritel, the national telecommunications company, was privatized in 2001 but remains the monopoly provider of fixed-line services; fixed-line teledensity 2 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular network coverage extends mainly to urban areas with a teledensity of roughly 100 per 100 persons; mostly cable and open-wire lines; a domestic satellite telecommunications system links Nouakchott with regional capitals", + "international": "country code - 222; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean, 2 Arabsat); fiber-optic and Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) cables for Internet access (2009)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "broadcast media state-owned; 1 state-run TV and 1 state-run radio network; Television de Mauritanie, the state-run TV station, has an additional 6 regional TV stations that provide local programming (2008)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".mr" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "22 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "75,000 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "30 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "9", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "5", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "21", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "10", + "914_to_1_523_m": "8", + "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "text": "728 km", + "standard_gauge": "728 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "11,066 km", + "paved": "2,966 km", + "unpaved": "8,100 km (2006)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "(some navigation is possible on the Senegal River) (2011)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Nouadhibou, Nouakchott" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Mauritanian Armed Forces: Army, Mauritanian Navy (Marine Mauritanienne; includes naval infantry), Islamic Republic of Mauritania Air Group (Groupement Aerienne Islamique de Mauritanie, GAIM) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "718,713", + "females_age_16_49": "804,622 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "480,042", + "females_age_16_49": "581,473 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "36,116", + "female": "36,826 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "5.5% of GDP (2006)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Mauritanian claims to Western Sahara remain dormant" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "26,000 (Western Saharan - Sahrawis) (2012); 69,676 (Mali) (2013)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Mauritania is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to conditions of forced labor and sex trafficking; adults and children from traditional slave castes are subjected to slavery-related practices rooted in ancestral master-slave relationships; Mauritanian boys called talibe are trafficked within the country by religious teachers for forced begging; Mauritanian girls, as well as girls from Mali, Senegal, The Gambia, and other West African countries are forced into domestic servitude; Mauritanian women and girls are forced into prostitution in the country or transported to countries in the Middle East for the same purpose", + "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Mauritania does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; after the previous year's unprecedented progress in prosecuting and convicting trafficking offenders, the government has not convicted any traffickers; the government has not provided adequate protective services to victims or ensure their referral to NGOs, which provide the majority of care to trafficking victims and generally do not receive government financial support; the absence of measures in place to identify trafficking victims among vulnerable populations may have led to victims being punished for acts committed as a result of being trafficked; the effectiveness of the 2007 anti-slavery law remains impaired because the slaves, many of whom are illiterate, are first required to file a legal complaint, and the government provides no programs to assist victims in lodging slavery complaints (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/mu-mauritius.json b/africa/mu-mauritius.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6134f561 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/mu-mauritius.json @@ -0,0 +1,585 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Although known to Arab and Malay sailors as early as the 10th century, Mauritius was first explored by the Portuguese in the 16th century and subsequently settled by the Dutch - who named it in honor of Prince Maurits van NASSAU - in the 17th century. The French assumed control in 1715, developing the island into an important naval base overseeing Indian Ocean trade, and establishing a plantation economy of sugar cane. The British captured the island in 1810, during the Napoleonic Wars. Mauritius remained a strategically important British naval base, and later an air station, playing an important role during World War II for anti-submarine and convoy operations, as well as the collection of signals intelligence. Independence from the UK was attained in 1968. A stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record, the country has attracted considerable foreign investment and has earned one of Africa's highest per capita incomes." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "20 17 S, 57 33 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "2,040 sq km", + "land": "2,030 sq km", + "water": "10 sq km", + "note": "includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "177 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines", + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Mont Piton 828 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "arable land, fish" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "38.24%", + "permanent_crops": "1.96%", + "other": "59.8% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "212.2 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "2.75 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.73 cu km/yr (30%/3%/68%)", + "per_capita": "568.2 cu m/yr (2003)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "water pollution, degradation of coral reefs" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs; former home of the dodo, a large flightless bird related to pigeons, driven to extinction by the end of the 17th century through a combination of hunting and the introduction of predatory species" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Mauritian(s)", + "adjective": "Mauritian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Creole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4%, English (official; spoken by less than 1% of the population), other 3.7%, unspecified 0.3% (2000 census)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Hindu 48%, Roman Catholic 23.6%, Muslim 16.6%, other Christian 8.6%, other 2.5%, unspecified 0.3%, none 0.4% (2000 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "1,322,238 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "21.3% (male 143,874/female 137,850)", + "15_24_years": "15.7% (male 104,861/female 102,671)", + "25_54_years": "44.3% (male 292,714/female 293,590)", + "55_64_years": "10.6% (male 66,460/female 73,964)", + "65_years_and_over": "8% (male 42,718/female 63,536) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "39.8 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "27.6 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "12.2 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "8.2 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "33.5 years", + "male": "32.6 years", + "female": "34.4 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.68% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "13.62 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "6.79 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "41.8% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "0.57% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "PORT LOUIS (capital) 149,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.67 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "60 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "10.89 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "12.95 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "8.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "74.94 years", + "male": "71.48 years", + "female": "78.58 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "1.78 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "75.8% (2002)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "6% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "1.06 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "3.4 beds/1,000 population (2011)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 99% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 1% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 91% of population; rural: 88% of population; total: 89% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 9% of population; rural: 12% of population; total: 11% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "1% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "8,800 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "18.5% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "3.7% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "88.8%", + "male": "91.1%", + "female": "86.7% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "14 years", + "male": "13 years", + "female": "14 years (2008)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "21.7%", + "male": "17.3%", + "female": "28% (2011)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Mauritius", + "conventional_short_form": "Mauritius", + "local_long_form": "Republic of Mauritius", + "local_short_form": "Mauritius" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "parliamentary democracy" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Port Louis", + "geographic_coordinates": "20 09 S, 57 29 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "12 March 1968 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 12 March (1968)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil legal system based on French civil law with some elements of English common law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Rajkeswur Kailash PURRYAG (since 21 July 2012); note - former President Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH resigned on 31 March 2012", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM (since 5 July 2005)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister", + "elections": "president and vice president elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 21 July 2012 (next to be held in 2017); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president, responsible to the National Assembly; note - former President Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH resigned on 31 March 2012", + "election_results": "Rajkeswur Kailash PURRYAG elected president by unanimous vote; percent of vote by the National Assembly - NA" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (70 seats; 62 members elected by popular vote, 8 appointed by the election commission to give representation to various ethnic minorities; members to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 5 May 2010 (next to be held in 2015)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - AF 41, MMM 18, MR 2, FSM 1; appointed seats - to be assigned 8" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Mauritius (consists of the chief justice, a senior puisne judge, and 17 puisne judges)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister; senior puisne judge appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice; other puisne judges appointed by the president with the advice of the Judicial and Legal Commission, a 4-member body of judicial officials including the chief justice; all judges serve until retirement at age 62", + "subordinate_courts": "Court of Civil Appeal; Court of Criminal Appeal; Public Bodies Appeal Tribunal (formed by a 2008 constitutional amendment)" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Alliance of the Future or AF [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM] (governing coalition - includes MLP, MMSM, MR, MSD, PMSD); Mauritian Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER]; Mauritian Militant Socialist Movement or MMSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH]; Mauritian Socialist Militant Movement or MSMM [Madan DULLOO]; Mauritian Solidarity Front of FSM [Cehl FAKEERMEEAH]; Maurition Social Democratic Party or PMSD [Xavier Luc DUVAL]; Rodrigues Movement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues Peoples Organization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "other": "various labor unions" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, C, CD, COMESA, CPLP (associate), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SAARC (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Somduth SOBORUN", + "chancery": "1709 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036; administrative offices - 3201 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 441, Washington, DC 20036", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 244-1491 through 1492", + "fax": "[1] (202) 966-0983" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Shari VILLAROSA", + "embassy": "4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Street, Port Louis", + "mailing_address": "international mail: P. O. Box 544, Port Louis; US mail: American Embassy, Port Louis, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2450", + "telephone": "[230] 202-4400", + "fax": "[230] 208-9534" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green; red represents self-determination and independence, blue the Indian Ocean surrounding the island, yellow has been interpreted as the new light of independence, golden sunshine, or the bright future, and green can symbolize either agriculture or the lush vegetation of the island" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Motherland\"", + "lyrics_music": "Jean Georges PROSPER/Philippe GENTIL", + "note": "adopted 1968" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a middle-income diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. For most of this period, annual growth has been on the order of 5% to 6%. This achievement has been reflected in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure. The economy rests on sugar, tourism, textiles and apparel, and financial services, and is expanding into fish processing, information and communications technology, and hospitality and property development. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 15% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on creating vertical and horizontal clusters of development in these sectors. Mauritius has attracted more than 32,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India, South Africa, and China. Investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Mauritius, with its strong textile sector, has been well poised to take advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). Mauritius' sound economic policies and prudent banking practices helped to mitigate negative effects of the global financial crisis in 2008-09. GDP grew in the 3-4% per year range in 2010-12, and the country continues to expand its trade and investment outreach around the globe." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$20.53 billion (2012 est.); $19.88 billion (2011 est.); $19.15 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$11.47 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.3% (2012 est.); 3.8% (2011 est.); 4.1% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$15,800 (2012 est.); $15,400 (2011 est.); $14,900 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "32% of GDP (2012 est.); 31% of GDP (2011 est.); 31% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "73.5%", + "government_consumption": "13.5%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "23.1%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.5%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "54.5%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-65.1% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "4.4%", + "industry": "23.5%", + "services": "72% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing, mining, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery, tourism" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "626,900 (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture_and_fishing": "9%", + "construction_and_industry": "30%", + "transportation_and_communication": "7%", + "trade_restaurants_hotels": "22%", + "finance": "6%", + "other_services": "25% (2007)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "8.1% (2012 est.); 7.9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "8% (2006 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "39 (2006 est.); 37 (1987 est.)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$2.456 billion", + "expenditures": "$2.664 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "21.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-1.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "56.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 57.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 July - 30 June" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "3.9% (2012 est.); 6.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "9% (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "8.67% (31 December 2012 est.); 8.92% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$2.378 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.263 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$26.17 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $23.87 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$12.87 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $11.71 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$6.54 billion (31 December 2011); $6.506 billion (31 December 2010); $4.74 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$1.433 billion (2012 est.); -$1.164 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$2.674 billion (2012 est.); $2.647 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses, fish" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "UK 18.7%, France 16.4%, US 10.4%, South Africa 9.7%, Spain 7.6%, Italy 7.1%, Madagascar 6.7% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$5.107 billion (2012 est.); $4.925 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "India 23.7%, China 15.3%, France 8.9%, South Africa 6.3% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$3.046 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.779 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$3.275 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.686 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Mauritian rupees (MUR) per US dollar -; 30.051 (2012 est.); 28.706 (2011 est.); 30.784 (2010 est.); 31.96 (2009); 27.973 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "2.889 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "2.687 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "885,200 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "75.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "6.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "18.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "24,710 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "22,750 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "4.545 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "374,600 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "1.294 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "small system with good service", + "domestic": "monopoly over fixed-line services terminated in 2005; fixed-line teledensity roughly 30 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services launched in 1989 with current teledensity roughly 100 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 230; landing point for the SAFE submarine cable that provides links to Asia and South Africa where it connects to the SAT-3/WASC submarine cable that provides further links to parts of East Africa, and Europe; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "the government maintains control over TV broadcasting through the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation (MBC), which operates 3 analog and 10 digital TV stations; MBC is a shareholder in a local company that operates 2 pay-TV stations; the state retains the largest radio broadcast network with multiple stations; several private radio broadcasters have entered the market since 2001; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".mu" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "51,139 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "290,000 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "5 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "2", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "3", + "914_to_1_523_m": "2", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "2,066 km", + "paved": "2,066 km (includes 75 km of expressways) (2009)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "4", + "by_type": "passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1 (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Port Louis" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "no regular military forces; Mauritius Police Force, Special Mobile Force, National Coast Guard (2011)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "343,628 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "280,596", + "females_age_16_49": "283,317 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "10,193", + "female": "10,104 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.1% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Islands; claims French-administered Tromelin Island" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally; significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the government appears generally to be committed to regulating its banking industry" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/mw-malawi.json b/africa/mw-malawi.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..19ec05c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/mw-malawi.json @@ -0,0 +1,599 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule under President Hastings Kamuzu BANDA the country held multiparty elections in 1994, under a provisional constitution that came into full effect the following year. President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA, elected in May 2004 after a failed attempt by the previous president to amend the constitution to permit another term, struggled to assert his authority against his predecessor and subsequently started his own party, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) in 2005. MUTHARIKA was reelected to a second term in May 2009. As president, he oversaw some economic improvement in his first term, but was accused of economic mismanagement and poor governance in his second term. He died abruptly in April 2012 and was succeeded by his vice president, Joyce BANDA. Population growth, increasing pressure on agricultural lands, corruption, and the spread of HIV/AIDS pose major problems for Malawi." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Southern Africa, east of Zambia, west and north of Mozambique" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "13 30 S, 34 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "118,484 sq km", + "land": "94,080 sq km", + "water": "24,404 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "2,881 km", + "border_countries": "Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m", + "highest_point": "Sapitwa (Mount Mlanje) 3,002 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "30.38%", + "permanent_crops": "1.1%", + "other": "68.52% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "735 sq km (2006)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "17.28 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "1.36 cu km/yr (11%/4%/86%)", + "per_capita": "99.86 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish populations" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "landlocked; Lake Nyasa, some 580 km long, is the country's most prominent physical feature; it contains more fish species than any other lake on earth" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Malawian(s)", + "adjective": "Malawian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Chewa 32.6%, Lomwe 17.6%, Yao 13.5%, Ngoni 11.5%, Tumbuka 8.8%, Nyanja 5.8%, Sena 3.6%, Tonga 2.1%, Ngonde 1%, other 3.5%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Chichewa (official) 57.2%, Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998 census)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Christian 82.7%, Muslim 13%, other 1.9%, none 2.5% (1998 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "16,777,547 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "44.7% (male 3,754,206/female 3,738,521)", + "15_24_years": "20.6% (male 1,723,098/female 1,725,326)", + "25_54_years": "28.5% (male 2,422,642/female 2,364,137)", + "55_64_years": "3.6% (male 269,058/female 327,158)", + "65_years_and_over": "2.7% (male 192,928/female 260,473) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "94.1 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "87.9 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.2 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "16.1 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "17.3 years", + "male": "17.2 years", + "female": "17.4 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.74% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "39.98 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "12.54 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "15.7% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "4.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "Blantyre 856,000; LILONGWE (capital) 821,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.82 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.75 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "18.9", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "460 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "76.98 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "80.99 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "72.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "52.78 years", + "male": "51.95 years", + "female": "53.62 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "5.26 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "46.1% (2010)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "6.6% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.02 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.3 beds/1,000 population (2011)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 80% of population; total: 83% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 20% of population; total: 17% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 49% of population; rural: 51% of population; total: 51% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 51% of population; rural: 49% of population; total: 49% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "11% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "920,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "51,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "4.3% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "13.8% (2010)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "5.4% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "74.8%", + "male": "81.1%", + "female": "68.5% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "11 years", + "male": "11 years", + "female": "11 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "993,318", + "percentage": "26 % (2006 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Malawi", + "conventional_short_form": "Malawi", + "local_long_form": "Dziko la Malawi", + "local_short_form": "Malawi", + "former": "British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland Protectorate, Nyasaland" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "multiparty democracy" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Lilongwe", + "geographic_coordinates": "13 58 S, 33 47 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "28 districts; Balaka, Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Likoma, Lilongwe, Machinga, Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Neno, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Phalombe, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "6 July 1964 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day (Republic Day), 6 July (1964)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "18 May 1994" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Joyce BANDA (since 7 April 2012); Vice President Khumbo Hastings KACHALI (since 11 April 2012); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; former President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA died on 5 April 2012, Vice President Joyce BANDA was subsequently sworn in on 7 April 2012", + "head_of_government": "President Joyce BANDA (since 7 April 2012); Vice President Khumbo Hastings KACHALI (since 11 April 2012)", + "cabinet": "36-member Cabinet named by the president", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 19 May 2009 (next to be held in May 2014)", + "election_results": "Bingu wa MUTHARIKA elected president; percent of vote - Bingu wa MUTHARIKA 66%, John TEMBO 30.7%, other 3.3%; note - MUTHARIKA passed away on 5 April 2012 and was succeeded by then vice president Joyce BANDA" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 19 May 2009 (next to be held in May 2014)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DPP 114, MCP 26, UDF 17, independents 32, other 4" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and at least 3 judges)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly; other judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission, which regulates judicial officers; judges serve until age 65", + "subordinate_courts": "High Court; magistrate courts; Industrial Relations Court; district and city traditional or local courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Godfrey SHAWA]; Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [Peter MUTHARIKA]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [John TEMBO]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA]; Malawi Forum for Unity and Development or MAFUNDE [George MNESA]; New Labour Party or NLP [Friday JUMBE]; New Republican Party [Gwanda CHAKUWAMBA]; People's Party or PP [Joyce BANDA]; People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Mark Katsonga PHIRI]; People's Transformation Movement or PETRA [Kamuzu CHIBAMBO]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Atupele MULUZI]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Council for NGOs in Malawi or CONGOMA (human rights, democracy, and development); Human Rights Consultative Committee or HRCC (human rights); Malawi Economic Justice Network or MEJN (pro economic growth, development, government accountability); Malawi Law Society (an umbrella organization of all lawyers in Malawi); Public Affairs Committee or PAC (promotes democracy, development, peace and unity)" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Stephen D. Tennyson MATENJE", + "chancery": "2408 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 721-0270", + "fax": "[1] (202) 721-0288" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jeanine E. JACKSON", + "embassy": "16 Jomo Kenyatta Road, Lilongwe 3", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 30016, Lilongwe 3, Malawi", + "telephone": "[265] (1) 773-166", + "fax": "[265] (1) 770-471" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered on the black band; black represents the native peoples, red the blood shed in their struggle for freedom, and green the color of nature; the rising sun represents the hope of freedom for the continent of Africa" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Mulungu dalitsa Malawi\" (Oh God Bless Our Land of Malawi)", + "lyrics_music": "Michael-Fredrick Paul SAUKA", + "note": "adopted 1964" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's most densely populated and least developed countries. The economy is predominately agricultural with about 80% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture, which has benefited from fertilizer subsidies since 2006, accounts for one-third of GDP and 90% of export revenues. The performance of the tobacco sector is key to short-term growth as tobacco accounts for more than half of exports. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. In 2006, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. In December 2007, the US granted Malawi eligibility status to receive financial support within the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) initiative. The government faces many challenges including developing a market economy, improving educational facilities, facing up to environmental problems, dealing with the rapidly growing problem of HIV/AIDS, and satisfying foreign donors that fiscal discipline is being tightened. Since 2005 President BANDA'S government has exhibited improved financial discipline under the guidance of Finance Minister Goodall GONDWE and signed a three year Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility worth $56 million with the IMF. The government has announced infrastructure projects that could yield improvements, such as a new oil pipeline for better fuel access, and the potential for a waterway link through Mozambican rivers to the ocean for better transportation options. Since 2009, however, Malawi has experienced some setbacks, including a general shortage of foreign exchange, which has damaged its ability to pay for imports, and fuel shortages that hinder transportation and productivity. Investment fell 23% in 2009, and continued to decline in 2010. The government has failed to address barriers to investment such as unreliable power, water shortages, poor telecommunications infrastructure, and the high costs of services. Donors, who provided an average of 36% of government revenue in the past five years, suspended general budget support for Malawi in 2011 due to a negative IMF review and governance issues." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$14.5 billion (2012 est.); $14.23 billion (2011 est.); $13.64 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$4.212 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.9% (2012 est.); 4.3% (2011 est.); 6.5% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$900 (2012 est.); $900 (2011 est.); $900 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "7.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 9.7% of GDP (2011 est.); 15.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "74.2%", + "government_consumption": "20.5%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "13.3%", + "investment_in_inventories": "2%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "28.5%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-38.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "29%", + "industry": "19.2%", + "services": "51.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, cassava (tapioca), sorghum, pulses, groundnuts, Macadamia nuts; cattle, goats" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "5.747 million (2007 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "90%", + "industry_and_services": "10% (2003 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "53% (2004)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "3%", + "highest_10%": "31.9% (2004)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "39 (2004)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$1.032 billion", + "expenditures": "$1.358 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "24.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-7.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "61.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 40.7% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 July - 30 June" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "21.4% (2012 est.); 7.6% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "15% (31 December 2009); 15% (31 December 2008)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "32.4% (31 December 2012 est.); 23.8% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$457.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $866.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$1.382 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.92 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$1.128 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.042 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$1.384 billion (31 December 2011); $1.363 billion (31 December 2010); $1.383 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$683.4 million (2012 est.); -$758.5 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$1.193 billion (2012 est.); $1.263 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "tobacco 53%, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood products, apparel" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Canada 9.8%, Zimbabwe 9.5%, Germany 6.7%, South Africa 6.3%, Russia 6%, US 5.7%, Egypt 5.3% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$1.901 billion (2012 est.); $1.923 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "food, petroleum products, semi-manufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "South Africa 26.5%, China 16.2%, Zambia 9.1%, India 8.5%, Tanzania 5.5%, US 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$245.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $213.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$1.365 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.202 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Malawian kwachas (MWK) per US dollar -; 249.11 (2012 est.); 156.93 (2011 est.); 150.49 (2010 est.); 141.14 (2009); 142.41 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "1.736 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "1.614 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "299,500 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "5.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "94.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "12,060 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "7,209 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "1.358 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "173,500 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "3.952 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "rudimentary; privatization of Malawi Telecommunications (MTL), a necessary step in bringing improvement to telecommunications services, completed in 2006", + "domestic": "limited fixed-line subscribership of about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services are expanding but network coverage is limited and is based around the main urban areas; mobile-cellular subscribership about 25 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 265; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "radio is the main broadcast medium; state-run radio has the widest geographic broadcasting reach, but about a dozen privately owned radio stations broadcast in major urban areas; the single TV network is government-owned; relays of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".mw" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "1,099 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "716,400 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "32 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "7", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", + "914_to_1_523_m": "4 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "25", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "11", + "under_914_m": "13 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "797 km", + "narrow_gauge": "797 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "15,451 km", + "paved": "6,956 km", + "unpaved": "8,495 km (2003)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "700 km (on Lake Nyasa [Lake Malawi] and Shire River) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Malawi Defense Forces (MDF): Army (includes Air Wing, Marine Unit) (2012)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; standard obligation is 2 years of active duty and 5 years reserve service (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "3,514,809 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,132,909", + "females_age_16_49": "2,043,925 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "183,683", + "female": "183,028 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "disputes with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River remain dormant" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/mz-mozambique.json b/africa/mz-mozambique.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..67d32f33 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/mz-mozambique.json @@ -0,0 +1,608 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development until the mid 1990s. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frelimo) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between Frelimo and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (Renamo) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In December 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO stepped down after 18 years in office. His elected successor, Armando Emilio GUEBUZA, promised to continue the sound economic policies that have encouraged foreign investment. President GUEBUZA was reelected to a second term in October 2009. However, the elections were flawed by voter fraud, questionable disqualification of candidates, and Frelimo use of government resources during the campaign. As a result, Freedom House removed Mozambique from its list of electoral democracies." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Southeastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "18 15 S, 35 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "799,380 sq km", + "land": "786,380 sq km", + "water": "13,000 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly less than twice the size of California" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "4,571 km", + "border_countries": "Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "2,470 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical to subtropical" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Monte Binga 2,436 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "6.51%", + "permanent_crops": "0.25%", + "other": "93.24% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "1,181 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "217.1 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.88 cu km/yr (26%/4%/70%)", + "per_capita": "46.05 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "the Zambezi flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Mozambican(s)", + "adjective": "Mozambican" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "African 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Emakhuwa 25.3%, Portuguese (official) 10.7%, Xichangana 10.3%, Cisena 7.5%, Elomwe 7%, Echuwabo 5.1%, other Mozambican languages 30.1%, other 4% (1997 census)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Catholic 28.4%, Protestant 27.7% (Zionist Christian 15.5%, Evangelical Pentecostal 10.9%, Anglican 1.3%), Muslim 17.9%, other 7.2%, none 18.7% (1997 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "24,096,669 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "45.5% (male 5,515,341/female 5,457,336)", + "15_24_years": "21.1% (male 2,469,221/female 2,610,720)", + "25_54_years": "27% (male 3,035,069/female 3,461,519)", + "55_64_years": "3.5% (male 396,186/female 442,237)", + "65_years_and_over": "2.9% (male 325,955/female 383,085) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "94.8 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "88.4 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.4 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "15.6 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "16.8 years", + "male": "16.2 years", + "female": "17.5 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.44% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "39.08 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "12.57 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-2.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "31.2% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.05% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "MAPUTO (capital) 1.589 million; Matola 761,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.88 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.89 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.85 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "18.8 (2003 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "490 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "74.63 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "76.78 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "72.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "52.29 years", + "male": "51.54 years", + "female": "53.06 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "5.34 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "11.6% (2011)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "5.2% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.03 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 77% of population; rural: 29% of population; total: 47% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 23% of population; rural: 71% of population; total: 53% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 38% of population; rural: 5% of population; total: 18% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 62% of population; rural: 95% of population; total: 82% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "11.5% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "1.4 million (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "74,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "4.9% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "18.3% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "5% of GDP (2006)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "56.1%", + "male": "70.8%", + "female": "42.8% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "10 years", + "male": "10 years", + "female": "9 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "1,369,080", + "percentage": "22 % (2008 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Mozambique", + "conventional_short_form": "Mozambique", + "local_long_form": "Republica de Mocambique", + "local_short_form": "Mocambique", + "former": "Portuguese East Africa" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Maputo", + "geographic_coordinates": "25 57 S, 32 35 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city (cidade)*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "25 June 1975 (from Portugal)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 25 June (1975)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "30 November 1990" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of Portuguese civil law, Islamic law, and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Armando Emilio GUEBUZA (since 2 February 2005)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Alberto Clementino VAQUINA (since 8 October 2012)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for three terms); election last held on 28 October 2009 (next to be held in 2014); prime minister appointed by the president", + "election_results": "Armando GUEBUZA reelected president; percent of vote - Armando GUEBUZA 76.3%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 14.9%, Daviz SIMANGO 8.8%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 28 October 2009 (next to be held in 2014)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - FRELIMO 74.7%, RENAMO 17.7%, MDM 3.9%, other 3.7%; seats by party - FRELIMO 191, RENAMO 51, MDM 8" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 5 judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 7 judges) note - the Higher Council of the Judiciary is responsible for judiciary management and discipline", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by Mozambique president in consultation with the Higher Council of the Judiciary (CSMJ) and with ratification by the legislature; other judges elected by the legislature; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Council judges appointed - 1 by the president, 5 by the legislature, and 1 by the CSMJ; judges serve 5-year nonrenewable terms", + "subordinate_courts": "Administrative Court (capital city only); provincial courts or Tribunais Judicias de Provincia; District Courts or Tribunais Judicias de Districto; customs courts; maritime courts; courts marshal; labor courts; community courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM [Daviz SIMANGO]; Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Armando Emilio GUEBUZA]; Mozambique National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Afonso DHLAKAMA]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Amelia Matos SUMBANA", + "chancery": "1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 293-7146", + "fax": "[1] (202) 835-0245" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Douglas M. GRIFFITHS", + "embassy": "Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 783, Maputo", + "telephone": "[258] (21) 492797", + "fax": "[258] (21) 490114" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book; green represents the riches of the land, white peace, black the African continent, yellow the country's minerals, and red the struggle for independence; the rifle symbolizes defense and vigilance, the hoe refers to the country's agriculture, the open book stresses the importance of education, and the star represents Marxism and internationalism" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Patria Amada\" (Lovely Fatherland)", + "lyrics_music": "Salomao J. MANHICA/unknown", + "note": "adopted 2002" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, Mozambique remained dependent upon foreign assistance for 40% of its 2012 annual budget and over half the population remained below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's work force and smallholder agricultural productivity and productivity growth is weak. A substantial trade imbalance persists although aluminum production from the Mozal smelter has significantly boosted export earnings in recent years. In 2012, The Mozambican government took over Portugal's last remaining share in the Cahora Bassa Hydroelectricity Company (HCB), a signficant contributor to the Southern African Power Pool. The government has plans to expand the Cahora Bassa Dam and build additional dams to increase its electricity exports and fulfill the needs of its burgeoning domestic industries. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level. In July 2007, the US government's Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) signed a $506.9 million Compact with Mozambique. Compact projects will end in September 2013 and are focusing on improving sanitation, roads, agriculture, and the business regulation environment in an effort to spur economic growth in the four northern provinces of the country. Citizens rioted in September 2010, after fuel, water, electricity, and bread price increases were announced. In an attempt to lessen the negative impact on people, the government implemented subsidies, decreased taxes and tariffs, and instituted other fiscal measures. Mozambique grew at an average annual rate of 6%-8% in the decade up to 2012, one of Africa's strongest performances. Mozambique's ability to attract large investment projects in natural resources is expected to fuel continued high growth in coming years. Revenues from these vast resources, including natural gas, coal, titanium and hydroelectric capacity, could overtake donor assistance within five years." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$26.69 billion (2012 est.); $24.83 billion (2011 est.); $23.13 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$14.6 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "7.5% (2012 est.); 7.3% (2011 est.); 7.1% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,200 (2012 est.); $1,100 (2011 est.); $1,100 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "0% of GDP (2012 est.); 5.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 4.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "77.3%", + "government_consumption": "13.5%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "24.8%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.9%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "27%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-43.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "29.5%", + "industry": "23.9%", + "services": "46.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "aluminum, petroleum products, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco, food, beverages" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "12% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "10.1 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "81%", + "industry": "6%", + "services": "13% (1997 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "17% (2007 est.); 21% (1997 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "52% (2009 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "1.9%", + "highest_10%": "36.7% (2008)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "45.6 (2008); 47.3 (2002)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$4.315 billion", + "expenditures": "$4.904 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "29.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "34.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 34.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "2.1% (2012 est.); 10.4% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "9.5% (17 January 2013 est.); 3.25% (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "16.81% (31 December 2012 est.); 19.1% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$4.335 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.574 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$5.268 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $4.095 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$3.9 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.392 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$2.432 billion (2012 est.); -$1.615 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$3.469 billion (2012 est.); $3.118 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "South Africa 30.9%, Belgium 12.8%, China 9%, Italy 7.8%, Spain 6.2%, India 5.6% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$6.167 billion (2012 est.); $5.368 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "South Africa 30.7%, China 12.2%, India 11.4%, US 5.1%, Portugal 4.8%, Australia 4.4% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$2.77 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.469 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$4.562 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.097 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "meticais (MZM) per US dollar -; 28.383 (2012 est.); 29.075 (2011 est.); 33.96 (2010 est.); 26.28 (2009); 24.125 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "14.83 billion kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "10.19 billion kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "9.462 billion kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "8.537 billion kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "2.28 million kW (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "99.9% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "19,580 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "13,200 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "3.12 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "80 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "3.04 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "127.4 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "2.728 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "88,100 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "7.855 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "a fair telecommunications system that is shackled with a heavy state presence, lack of competition, and high operating costs and charges", + "domestic": "stagnation in the fixed-line network contrasts with rapid growth in the mobile-cellular network; mobile-cellular coverage now includes all the main cities and key roads, including those from Maputo to the South African and Swaziland borders, the national highway through Gaza and Inhambane provinces, the Beira corridor, and from Nampula to Nacala; extremely low fixed-line teledensity; despite significant growth in mobile-cellular services, teledensity remains low at about 35 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 258; landing point for the EASSy and SEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TV station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available; state-run radio provides nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple languages; a number of privately owned and community-operated stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".mz" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "89,737 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "613,600 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "98 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "21", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "9", + "914_to_1_523_m": "5", + "under_914_m": "4 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "77", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "9", + "914_to_1_523_m": "29", + "under_914_m": "38 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "gas 972 km; refined products 278 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "4,787 km", + "narrow_gauge": "4,787 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "30,331 km", + "paved": "6,303 km", + "unpaved": "24,028 km (2000)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake) (2010)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "2", + "by_type": "cargo 2", + "foreign_owned": "2 (Belgium 2) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Beira, Maputo, Nacala" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Mozambique Armed Defense Forces (Forcas Armadas de Defesa de Mocambique, FADM): Mozambique Army, Mozambique Navy (Marinha de Guerra de Mocambique, MGM), Mozambique Air Force (Forca Aerea de Mocambique, FAM) (2012)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "registration for military service is mandatory for all males and females at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service; 2-year service obligation; women may serve as officers or enlisted (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "4,613,367 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,677,473", + "females_age_16_49": "2,941,073 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "274,602", + "female": "280,008 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.6% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "southern African transit point for South Asian hashish and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability make the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/na-namibia.json b/africa/na-namibia.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6605d0b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/na-namibia.json @@ -0,0 +1,606 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "South Africa occupied the German colony of South-West Africa during World War I and administered it as a mandate until after World War II, when it annexed the territory. In 1966 the Marxist South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) guerrilla group launched a war of independence for the area that became Namibia, but it was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its administration in accordance with a UN peace plan for the entire region. Namibia has been governed by SWAPO since the country won independence in 1990. Hifikepunye POHAMBA was elected president in November 2004 in a landslide victory replacing Sam NUJOMA who led the country during its first 14 years of self rule. POHAMBA was reelected in November 2009." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and South Africa" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "22 00 S, 17 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "824,292 sq km", + "land": "823,290 sq km", + "water": "1,002 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly more than half the size of Alaska" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "3,936 km", + "border_countries": "Angola 1,376 km, Botswana 1,360 km, South Africa 967 km, Zambia 233 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "1,572 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Konigstein 2,606 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, silver, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium, tungsten, zinc, salt, hydropower, fish", + "note": "suspected deposits of oil, coal, and iron ore" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "0.97%", + "permanent_crops": "0.01%", + "other": "99.02% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "75.73 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "17.72 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.29 cu km/yr (25%/5%/70%)", + "per_capita": "146 cu m/yr (2002)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "prolonged periods of drought" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "limited natural freshwater resources; desertification; wildlife poaching; land degradation has led to few conservation areas" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "first country in the world to incorporate the protection of the environment into its constitution; some 14% of the land is protected, including virtually the entire Namib Desert coastal strip" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Namibian(s)", + "adjective": "Namibian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "black 87.5%, white 6%, mixed 6.5%", + "note": "about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe and 9% to the Kavangos tribe; other ethnic groups include Herero 7%, Damara 7%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, Bushmen 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official) 7%, Afrikaans (common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population), German 32%, indigenous languages (includes Oshivambo, Herero, Nama) 1%" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Christian 80% to 90% (at least 50% Lutheran), indigenous beliefs 10% to 20%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "2,182,852 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "32.6% (male 358,876/female 352,068)", + "15_24_years": "23.1% (male 254,809/female 249,256)", + "25_54_years": "35.3% (male 399,283/female 370,202)", + "55_64_years": "4.8% (male 47,261/female 57,565)", + "65_years_and_over": "4.3% (male 40,756/female 52,776) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "65.5 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "59.6 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.9 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "17 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "22.4 years", + "male": "22.4 years", + "female": "22.4 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.75% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "20.72 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "13.33 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "38.4% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.14% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "WINDHOEK (capital) 342,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.83 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.78 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "21.4 (2007 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "200 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "45.62 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "48.68 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "42.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "52.03 years", + "male": "52.36 years", + "female": "51.69 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.33 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "55.1% (2006/07)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "6.8% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.37 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "2.67 beds/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 90% of population; total: 93% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 10% of population; total: 7% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 57% of population; rural: 17% of population; total: 32% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 43% of population; rural: 83% of population; total: 68% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "13.1% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "180,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "6,700 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_disease": "malaria", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "9.5% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "17.5% (2007)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "8.3% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "88.8%", + "male": "89%", + "female": "88.5% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "11 years", + "male": "11 years", + "female": "11 years (2006)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "58.9%", + "male": "54.6%", + "female": "63.8% (2008)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Namibia", + "conventional_short_form": "Namibia", + "local_long_form": "Republic of Namibia", + "local_short_form": "Namibia", + "former": "German South-West Africa (Sued-West Afrika), South-West Africa" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Windhoek", + "geographic_coordinates": "22 34 S, 17 05 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins first Sunday in September; ends first Sunday in April" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "13 regions; Caprivi, Erongo, Hardap, Karas, Khomas, Kunene, Ohangwena, Okavango, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 21 March (1990)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "ratified 9 February 1990, effective 12 March 1990" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of uncodified civil law based on Roman-Dutch law and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Hifikepunye POHAMBA (since 21 March 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Hifikepunye POHAMBA (since 21 March 2005); Prime Minister Hage GEINGOB (since 4 December 2012)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); if no single candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round of voting, a run-off election is scheduled between the two candidates with the greatest vote count; election last held on 27-28 November 2009 (next to be held in 2014)", + "election_results": "Hifikepunye POHAMBA reelected president; percent of vote - Hifikepunye POHAMBA 76.4%, Hidipo HAMUTENYA 11.0%, Katuutire KAURA 3.0%, Kuaima RIRUAKO 2.9%, Justus GAROEB 2.4%, Ignatius SHIXWAMENI 1.3%, Hendrick MUDGE 1.2%, other 1.8%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral legislature consists of the National Council, primarily an advisory body (26 seats; two members chosen from each regional council to serve six-year terms), and the National Assembly (72 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, an additonal six nonvoting members are appointed by the president)", + "elections": "National Council - elections for regional councils to determine members of the National Council held on 26-27 November 2010 (next to be held in 2016); National Assembly - last held on 26-27 November 2009 (next to be held in November 2014)", + "election_results": "National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SWAPO 24, UDF 1, DTA 1; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SWAPO 75.3%, RDP 11.3%, DTA 3.1%, NUDO 3.0%, UDF 2.4%, APP 1.4%, RP 0.8%, COD 0.7%, SWANU 0.6%, other 1.3%; seats by party - SWAPO 54, RDP 8, DTA 2, NUDO 2, UDF 2, APP 1, COD 1, RP 1, SWANU 1" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and at least 3 judges in quorum sessions)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointed by the president of Namibia upon the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission; judges serve until age 65 but can be extended by the president until age 70", + "subordinate_courts": "High Court; Labor Court; regional and district magistrates' courts; community courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "All People's Party or APP [Ignatius SHIXWAMENI]; Congress of Democrats or COD [Benjamin ULENGA]; Democratic Turnhalle Alliance of Namibia or DTA [Katuutire KAURA]; Monitor Action Group or MAG [Jurie VILJOEN]; National Democratic Movement for Change or NamDMC; National Unity Democratic Organization or NUDO [Kuaima RIRUAKO]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Hidipo HAMUTENYA]; Republican Party or RP [Hendrick MUDGE]; South West Africa National Union or SWANU [Usutuaije MAAMBERUA]; South West Africa People's Organization or SWAPO [Hifikepunye POHAMBA]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Justus GAROEB]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "National Society for Human Rights or NSHR (NAMRIGHTS as of 2010); various labor unions" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Martin ANDJABA", + "chancery": "1605 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 986-0540", + "fax": "[1] (202) 986-0443" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Wanda L. NESBITT", + "embassy": "14 Lossen Street, Windhoek", + "mailing_address": "Private Bag 12029 Ausspannplatz, Windhoek", + "telephone": "[264] (61) 295-8500", + "fax": "[264] (61) 295-8603" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "a wide red stripe edged by narrow white stripes divides the flag diagonally from lower hoist corner to upper fly corner; the upper hoist-side triangle is blue and charged with a yellow, 12-rayed sunburst; the lower fly-side triangle is green; red signifies the heroism of the people and their determination to build a future of equal opportunity for all; white stands for peace, unity, tranquility, and harmony; blue represents the Namibian sky and the Atlantic Ocean, the country's precious water resources and rain; the yellow sun denotes power and existence; green symbolizes vegetation and agricultural resources" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Namibia, Land of the Brave\"", + "lyrics_music": "Axali DOESEB", + "note": "adopted 1991" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "The economy is heavily dependent on the extraction and processing of minerals for export. Mining accounts for 8% of GDP, but provides more than 50% of foreign exchange earnings. Rich alluvial diamond deposits make Namibia a primary source for gem-quality diamonds. Marine diamond mining is becoming increasingly important as the terrestrial diamond supply has dwindled. Namibia is the world's fourth-largest producer of uranium. It also produces large quantities of zinc and is a small producer of gold and other minerals. The mining sector employs only about 3% of the population. Namibia normally imports about 50% of its cereal requirements; in drought years food shortages are a major problem in rural areas. A high per capita GDP, relative to the region, hides one of the world's most unequal income distributions, as shown by Namibia''s 59.7 GINI coefficient. The Namibian economy is closely linked to South Africa with the Namibian dollar pegged one-to-one to the South African rand. Namibia receives 30%-40% of its revenues from the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). Volatility in the size of Namibia''s annual SACU allotment complicates budget planning. Namibia''s economy remains vulnerable to volatility in the price of uranium. The rising cost of mining diamonds, increasingly from the sea, has reduced profit margins. Namibian authorities recognize these issues and have emphasized the need to increase higher value raw materials, manufacturing, and services, especially in the logistics and transportation sectors." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$17.03 billion (2012 est.); $16.37 billion (2011 est.); $15.61 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$12.3 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "4% (2012 est.); 4.8% (2011 est.); 6.6% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$7,900 (2012 est.); $7,700 (2011 est.); $7,400 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "22.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 20.4% of GDP (2011 est.); 18.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "66.3%", + "government_consumption": "25.8%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "22.6%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "39.3%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-54% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "7.4%", + "industry": "31.3%", + "services": "61.3% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "millet, sorghum, peanuts, grapes; livestock; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "meatpacking, fish processing, dairy products, pasta and beverages; mining (diamonds, lead, zinc, tin, silver, tungsten, uranium, copper)" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "7.1% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "816,600 (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "16.3%", + "industry": "22.4%", + "services": "61.3%", + "note": "about half of Namibia's people are unemployed while about two-thirds live in rural areas; roughly two-thirds of rural dwellers rely on subsistence agriculture (2008 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "51.2% (2008 est.); 36.7% (2004 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "55.8%", + "note": "the UNDP's 2005 Human Development Report indicated that 34.9% of the population live on $1 per day and 55.8% live on $2 per day (2005 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.4%", + "highest_10%": "42% (2010)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "59.7 (2010); 70.7 (2003)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$4.524 billion", + "expenditures": "$4.885 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "36.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-2.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "25.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 26.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 April - 31 March" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "6.5% (2012 est.); 5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "12% (31 December 2010 est.); 7% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "8.7% (31 December 2012 est.); 8.73% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$3.181 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.449 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$7.433 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $8.021 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$6.26 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.73 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$1.152 billion (31 December 2011); $1.176 billion (31 December 2010); $846.3 million (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "$49.3 million (2012 est.); -$108.2 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$4.335 billion (2012 est.); $4.639 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "diamonds, copper, gold, zinc, lead, uranium; cattle, processed fish, karakul skins" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$5.586 billion (2012 est.); $5.348 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "foodstuffs; petroleum products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$1.746 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.778 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$4.302 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.187 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Namibian dollars (NAD) per US dollar -; 8.203 (2012 est.); 7.2597 (2011 est.); 7.3212 (2010 est.); 8.42 (2009); 7.75 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "1.643 billion kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "3.635 billion kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "91 million kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "2.519 billion kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "508,000 kW (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "33.3% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "66.7% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "22,990 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2010 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "20,810 bbl/day (2012 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "36.81 billion cu m (1 January 2013 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "3.812 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "140,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "2.24 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "good system; core fiber-optic network links most centers and connections are now digital", + "domestic": "multiple mobile-cellular providers with a combined subscribership of more than 100 telephones per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 264; fiber-optic cable to South Africa, microwave radio relay link to Botswana, direct links to other neighboring countries; connected to the South African Far East (SAFE) submarine cable through South Africa; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "1 private and 1 state-run TV station; satellite and cable TV service is available; state-run radio service broadcasts in multiple languages; about a dozen private radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".na" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "78,280 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "127,500 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "112 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "19", + "over_3_047_m": "4", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "12", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "93", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "25", + "914_to_1_523_m": "52", + "under_914_m": "16 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "2,626 km", + "narrow_gauge": "2,626 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "64,189 km", + "paved": "5,477 km", + "unpaved": "58,712 km (2010)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "1", + "by_type": "cargo 1 (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Luderitz, Walvis Bay" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Namibian Defense Force (NDF): Army, Navy, Air Force (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "568,231 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "351,431", + "females_age_16_49": "311,513 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "26,413", + "female": "26,038 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "3.7% of GDP (2006)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "concerns from international experts and local populations over the Okavango Delta ecology in Botswana and human displacement scuttled Namibian plans to construct a hydroelectric dam on Popa Falls along the Angola-Namibia border; the governments of South Africa and Namibia have not signed or ratified the text of the 1994 Surveyor's General agreement placing the boundary in the middle of the Orange River; Namibia has supported, and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Namibia is predominantly a country of origin and destination for children and, to a lesser extent, women subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; victims lured by promises of legitimate jobs are forced to work in hazardous condition in urban centers and on commercial farms; traffickers exploit Namibian children, as well as children from Angola, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, for forced labor in agriculture, cattle herding, domestic service, and criminal activities; children are also forced into prostitution, often catering to tourists from southern Africa and Europe; girls of the San tribe are particularly vulnerable", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Namibia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; in 2012, the government launched a National Plan of Action on Gender-Based Violence, which included addressing human trafficking but did not complete its draft comprehensive anti-trafficking legislation or obtain parliamentary passage of the Child Care and Protection Bill, which would criminalize child trafficking; a process has been developed for referring trafficking victims for assistance but a system for screening potential victims and providing official designation of trafficking victim status is lacking (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ne-niger.json b/africa/ne-niger.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..46f622b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/ne-niger.json @@ -0,0 +1,594 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Niger became independent from France in 1960 and experienced single-party and military rule until 1991, when Gen. Ali SAIBOU was forced by public pressure to allow multiparty elections, which resulted in a democratic government in 1993. Political infighting brought the government to a standstill and in 1996 led to a coup by Col. Ibrahim BARE. In 1999, BARE was killed in a counter coup by military officers who restored democratic rule and held elections that brought Mamadou TANDJA to power in December of that year. TANDJA was reelected in 2004 and in 2009 spearheaded a constitutional amendment that would allow him to extend his term as president. In February 2010, a military coup deposed TANDJA, immediately suspended the constitution, and dissolved the Cabinet. ISSOUFOU Mahamadou emerged victorious from a crowded field in the election following the coup and was inaugurated in April 2011. Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world with minimal government services and insufficient funds to develop its resource base. The largely agrarian and subsistence-based economy is frequently disrupted by extended droughts common to the Sahel region of Africa. The Nigerien Movement for Justice, a predominately Tuareg ethnic group, emerged in February 2007, and attacked several military targets in Niger's northern region throughout 2007 and 2008. Successful government offensives in 2009 limited the rebels' operational capabilities. Niger is facing increased security concerns on its borders from various external threats including insecurity in Libya and spillover from the rebellion in Mali." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Western Africa, southeast of Algeria" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "16 00 N, 8 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "1.267 million sq km", + "land": "1,266,700 sq km", + "water": "300 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Texas" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "5,697 km", + "border_countries": "Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Niger River 200 m", + "highest_point": "Idoukal-n-Taghes 2,022 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, molybdenum, gypsum, salt, petroleum" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "11.79%", + "permanent_crops": "0.05%", + "other": "88.16% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "736.6 sq km (2005)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "33.65 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.98 cu km/yr (30%/3%/67%)", + "per_capita": "70.53 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "recurring droughts" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "landlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world; northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna, suitable for livestock and limited agriculture" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Nigerien(s)", + "adjective": "Nigerien" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Haoussa 55.4%, Djerma Sonrai 21%, Tuareg 9.3%, Peuhl 8.5%, Kanouri Manga 4.7%, other 1.2% (2001 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "French (official), Hausa, Djerma" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Muslim 80%, other (includes indigenous beliefs and Christian) 20%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "16,899,327 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "50% (male 4,261,662/female 4,183,112)", + "15_24_years": "18.2% (male 1,519,241/female 1,557,267)", + "25_54_years": "25.9% (male 2,188,451/female 2,194,606)", + "55_64_years": "3.3% (male 283,955/female 265,460)", + "65_years_and_over": "2.6% (male 226,454/female 219,119) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "111.5 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "105.9 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.5 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "18.1 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "15 years", + "male": "14.9 years", + "female": "15.1 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.32% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "46.84 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "13.07 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-0.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "17.8% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "4.91% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "NIAMEY (capital) 1.004 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "18 (2006 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "590 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "87.98 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "92.64 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "83.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "54.34 years", + "male": "53.17 years", + "female": "55.55 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "7.03 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "13.9% (2012)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "5.2% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.02 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.31 beds/1,000 population (2005)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 39% of population; total: 49% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 61% of population; total: 51% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 34% of population; rural: 4% of population; total: 9% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 66% of population; rural: 96% of population; total: 91% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.8% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "61,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "4,300 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", + "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "2.4% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "39.9% (2006)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "4.5% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "28.7%", + "male": "42.9%", + "female": "15.1% (2005 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "5 years", + "male": "6 years", + "female": "5 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "1,557,913", + "percentage": "43 % (2006 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "3.2%", + "male": "4%", + "female": "1.7% (2001)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Niger", + "conventional_short_form": "Niger", + "local_long_form": "Republique du Niger", + "local_short_form": "Niger" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Niamey", + "geographic_coordinates": "13 31 N, 2 07 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "8 regions (regions, singular - region) includes 1 capital district* (communite urbaine); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "3 August 1960 (from France)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Republic Day, 18 December (1958); note - commemorates the founding of the Republic of Niger which predated independence from France in 1960" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "adopted 31 October 2010" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil law (based on French civil law), Islamic law, and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President ISSOUFOU Mahamadou (since 7 April 2011)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Brigi RAFINI (since 7 April 2011); appointed by the president and shares some executive responsibilities with the president", + "cabinet": "26-member Cabinet appointed by the president", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); candidate must receive a majority of the votes to be elected president; a presidential election to restore civilian rule was held 31 January 2011 with a runoff election between ISSOUFOU Mahamadou and Seini OUMAROU held on 12 March 2011", + "election_results": "ISSOUFOU Mahamadou elected president in a runoff election; percent of vote - ISSOUFOU Mahamadou 58%, Seini OUMAROU 42%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (113 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 31 January 2011", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PNDS-Tarrayya 39, MNSD-Nassara 26, MODEN/FA-Lumana 24, ANDP-Zaman Lahiya 8, RDP-Jama'a 7, UDR-Tabbat 6, CDS-Rahama 2, UNI 1" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges); High Court of Justice (consists of 7 members)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president; judges serve 6-year nonrenewable consecutive terms; High Judicial Court members selected from among the legislature and judiciary; members serve 5-year terms", + "subordinate_courts": "Court of Cassation; Council of State; Court of Finances; various specialized tribunals and customary courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara; Niger Social Democratic Party or PSDN; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Democratic Movement for an African Federation or MODEN/FA Lumana; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya [ISSOUFOU Mahamadou]; Rally for Democracy and Progress-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Social and Democratic Rally or RSD-Gaskiyya [Cheiffou AMADOU]; Union for Democracy and the Republic-Tabbat or UDR-Tabbat; Union of Independent Nigeriens or UNI; note: the SPLM and SPLM-DC are banned political parties" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "The Nigerien Movement for Justice or MNJ, a predominantly Tuareg rebel group" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mamon Sambo SIDIKOU", + "chancery": "2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 483-4224 through 4227", + "fax": "[1] (202)483-3169" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Bisa WILLIAMS", + "embassy": "Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey", + "mailing_address": "B. P. 11201, Niamey; Public Affairs Section (PAS), 2420 Niamey PL, Dulles, VA 20189-2420", + "telephone": "[227] 20-73-31-69 or [227] 20-72-39-41", + "fax": "[227] 20-73-55-60" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk centered in the white band; the orange band denotes the drier northern regions of the Sahara; white stands for purity and innocence; green symbolizes hope and the fertile and productive southern and western areas, as well as the Niger River; the orange disc represents the sun and the sacrifices made by the people", + "note": "similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"La Nigerienne\" (The Nigerian)", + "lyrics_music": "Maurice Albert THIRIET/Robert JACQUET and Nicolas Abel Francois FRIONNET", + "note": "adopted 1961" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Niger is a landlocked, Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence crops, livestock, and some of the world's largest uranium deposits. Agriculture contributes about 40% of GDP and provides livelihood for about 90% of the population. Niger also has sizable reserves of oil, and oil production, refining, and exports are expected to grow significantly between 2011 and 2016. Drought, desertification, and strong population growth have undercut the economy. Niger shares a common currency, the CFA franc, and a common central bank, the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO), with seven other members of the West African Monetary Union. In December 2000, Niger qualified for enhanced debt relief under the International Monetary Fund program for Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and concluded an agreement with the Fund on a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF). Debt relief provided under the enhanced HIPC initiative significantly reduced Niger's annual debt service obligations, freeing funds for expenditures on basic health care, primary education, HIV/AIDS prevention, rural infrastructure, and other programs geared at poverty reduction. In December 2005, Niger received 100% multilateral debt relief from the IMF, which translated into the forgiveness of approximately US$86 million in debts to the IMF, excluding the remaining assistance under HIPC. The economy was hurt when the international community cut off non-humanitarian aid in response to TANDJA's moves to extend his term as president. Nearly half of the government's budget is derived from foreign donor resources. Future growth may be sustained by exploitation of oil, gold, coal, and other mineral resources. The government, however, has made efforts to secure a new three-year extended credit facility with the IMF following the one that completed in 2011. Oil revenue to the government has fallen well short of its budgeted level. Strikes risk undermining political stability. Food security remains a problem in Niger and is exacerbated by refugees from Mali." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$13.34 billion (2012 est.); $12 billion (2011 est.); $11.74 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$6.575 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "11.2% (2012 est.); 2.2% (2011 est.); 10.7% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$800 (2012 est.); $800 (2011 est.); $800 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "30.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 26.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 21.5% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "67.9%", + "government_consumption": "18%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "56.1%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "24.5%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-66.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "39.6%", + "industry": "17.1%", + "services": "43.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (manioc), rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "uranium mining, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "12.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "4.688 million (2007)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "90%", + "industry": "6%", + "services": "4% (1995)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "63% (1993 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "3.7%", + "highest_10%": "28.5% (2007)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "34 (2007); 50.5 (1995)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$1.698 billion (2012 est.)", + "expenditures": "$1.871 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "25.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-2.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "0.5% (2012 est.); 2.9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "4.25% (31 December 2009); 4.75% (31 December 2008)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "4% (31 December 2012 est.); 4.3% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$1.284 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $939.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$1.201 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $1.171 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$915 million (31 December 2012 est.); $825.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$1.628 billion (2012 est.); -$1.697 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$1.389 billion (2012 est.); $1.233 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "uranium ore, livestock, cowpeas, onions" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Nigeria 41%, US 17%, India 14.1%, Italy 8.5%, China 7.7%, Ghana 5.7% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$2.328 billion (2012 est.); $2.217 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "foodstuffs, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "France 14.2%, China 11.1%, French Polynesia 9.9%, Nigeria 9.7%, Togo 5.5% (2012)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$1.543 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.408 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "210 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "695.3 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "500 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "145,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "6,712 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "NA bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "5,629 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "3,330 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "1.796 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "85,900 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "4.743 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "inadequate; small system of wire, radio telephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area of Niger", + "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity remains only about 30 per 100 persons despite a rapidly increasing cellular subscribership base; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned", + "international": "country code - 227; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state-run TV station; 3 private TV stations provide a mix of local and foreign programming; state-run radio has only radio station with a national reach; about 30 private radio stations operate locally; as many as 100 community radio stations broadcast; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".ne" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "454 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "115,900 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "30 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "10", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "20", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", + "914_to_1_523_m": "15", + "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "1 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "18,949 km", + "paved": "3,912 km", + "unpaved": "15,037 km (2008)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "300 km (the Niger, the only major river, is navigable to Gaya between September and March) (2012)" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Nigerien Armed Forces (Forces Armees Nigeriennes, FAN): Army, Nigerien Air Force (Force Aerienne du Niger) (2012)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 is the presumed legal minimum age for compulsory or voluntary military service; enlistees must be Nigerien citizens and unmarried; 2-year service term; women may serve in health care (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "3,329,184", + "females_age_16_49": "3,267,669 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,194,570", + "females_age_16_49": "2,219,416 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "186,348", + "female": "180,779 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Libya claims about 25,000 sq km in a currently dormant dispute in the Tommo region; location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty that also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries; the dispute with Burkina Faso was referred to the ICJ in 2010" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "50,000 (Mali) (2013)", + "idps": "undetermined (unknown how many of the 11,000 people displaced by clashes between government forces and the Tuareg militant group, Niger Movement for Justice, in 2007 are still displaced; inter-communal violence) (2012)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ng-nigeria.json b/africa/ng-nigeria.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..11bea01d --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/ng-nigeria.json @@ -0,0 +1,630 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "British influence and control over what would become Nigeria and Africa's most populous country grew through the 19th century. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy; independence came in 1960. Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The government continues to face the daunting task of reforming a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement, and institutionalizing democracy. In addition, Nigeria continues to experience longstanding ethnic and religious tensions. Although both the 2003 and 2007 presidential elections were marred by significant irregularities and violence, Nigeria is currently experiencing its longest period of civilian rule since independence. The general elections of April 2007 marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country's history." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "10 00 N, 8 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "923,768 sq km", + "land": "910,768 sq km", + "water": "13,000 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly more than twice the size of California" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "4,047 km", + "border_countries": "Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "853 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Chappal Waddi 2,419 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "38.97%", + "permanent_crops": "3.46%", + "other": "57.57% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "2,932 sq km (2004)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "286.2 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "13.11 cu km/yr (31%/15%/54%)", + "per_capita": "89.21 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "periodic droughts; flooding" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "the Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Nigerian(s)", + "adjective": "Nigerian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "174,507,539 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "43.8% (male 39,127,615/female 37,334,281)", + "15_24_years": "19.3% (male 17,201,067/female 16,451,357)", + "25_54_years": "30.1% (male 25,842,967/female 26,699,432)", + "55_64_years": "3.8% (male 3,016,896/female 3,603,048)", + "65_years_and_over": "3% (male 2,390,154/female 2,840,722) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "89 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "83.8 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.2 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "19.3 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "17.9 years", + "male": "17.4 years", + "female": "18.4 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.54% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "38.78 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "13.2 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-0.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "49.6% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.75% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "Lagos 10.203 million; Kano 3.304 million; Ibadan 2.762 million; ABUJA (capital) 1.857 million; Kaduna 1.519 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.85 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.85 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "20.9 (2008 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "630 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "72.97 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "77.98 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "67.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "52.46 years", + "male": "49.35 years", + "female": "55.77 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "5.31 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "14.1% (2011)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "5.1% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.4 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.53 beds/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 74% of population; rural: 43% of population; total: 58% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 26% of population; rural: 57% of population; total: 42% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 35% of population; rural: 27% of population; total: 31% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 65% of population; rural: 73% of population; total: 69% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "3.6% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "3.3 million (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "220,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever", + "water_contact_diseases": "leptospirosis and schistosomiasis", + "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", + "aerosolized_dust_or_soil_contact_disease": "one of the most highly endemic areas for Lassa fever", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", + "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "6.5% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "26.7% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "61.3%", + "male": "72.1%", + "female": "50.4% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "9 years", + "male": "10 years", + "female": "8 years (2005)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "11,396,823", + "percentage": "29 % (2007 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Federal Republic of Nigeria", + "conventional_short_form": "Nigeria" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "federal republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Abuja", + "geographic_coordinates": "9 05 N, 7 32 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nassarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "1 October 1960 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "adopted 5 May 1999; effective 29 May 1999" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law (in 12 northern states), and traditional law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); Vice President Mohammed Namadi SAMBO (since 19 May 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; JONATHAN assumed the presidency on 5 May 2010 following the death of President YAR'ADUA; JONATHAN was declared Acting President on 9 February 2010 by the National Assembly during the extended illness of the former president", + "head_of_government": "President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); Vice President Mohammed Namadi SAMBO (since 19 May 2010)", + "cabinet": "Federal Executive Council", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 16 April 2011 (next to be held in April 2015)", + "election_results": "Goodluck JONATHAN elected president; percent of vote - Goodluck JONATHAN 58.9%, Muhammadu BUHARI 32.0%, Nuhu RIBADU 5.4%, Ibrahim SHEKARAU 2.4%, other 1.3%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (109 seats, 3 from each state plus 1 from Abuja; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and House of Representatives (360 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", + "elections": "Senate - last held on 9 and 26 April 2011 (next to be held in 2015); House of Representatives - last held on 9 and 26 April 2011 (next to be held in 2015)", + "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 73, ACN 17, ANPP 7, CPC 6, LP 4, other 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 205, ACN 69, CPC 36, ANPP 28, LP 9, APGA 6, ACC 5, other 2; note - due to logistical problems elections in a number of constituencies were held on 26 April 2011" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 15 justices)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a 23-member independent body of federal and state judicial officials; judge appointments confirmed by the Senate; judges serve until age 65", + "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeal; Federal High Court; High Court of the Federal Capital Territory; Sharia Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; Customary Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; state court system similar in structure to federal system" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Accord Party or ACC [Mohammad Lawal MALADO]; Action Congress of Nigeria or ACN [Adebisi Bamidele AKANDE]; All Nigeria Peoples Party or ANPP [Ogbonnaya C. ONU]; All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor C. UMEH]; Congress for Progressive Change or CPC [Tony MOMOH]; Democratic Peoples Party or DPP [Jeremiah USENI]; Labor Party [Umar MUSTAPHA]; Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Bamanga TUKUR]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Academic Staff Union for Universities or ASUU; Campaign for Democracy or CD; Civil Liberties Organization or CLO; Committee for the Defense of Human Rights or CDHR; Constitutional Right Project or CRP; Human Right Africa; National Association of Democratic Lawyers or NADL; National Association of Nigerian Students or NANS; Nigerian Bar Association or NBA; Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC; Nigerian Medical Association or NMA; the press; Universal Defenders of Democracy or UDD" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, D-8, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Adebowale Ibidapo ADEFUYE", + "chancery": "3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 986-8400", + "fax": "[1] (202) 362-6541", + "consulates_general": "Atlanta, New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Terence P. MCCULLEY", + "embassy": "Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abuja", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 5760, Garki, Abuja", + "telephone": "[234] (9) 461-4000", + "fax": "[234] (9) 461-4171" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green; the color green represents the forests and abundant natural wealth of the country, white stands for peace and unity" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "eagle" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey\"", + "lyrics_music": "John A. ILECHUKWU, Eme Etim AKPAN, B. A. OGUNNAIKE, Sotu OMOIGUI and P. O. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASE", + "note": "adopted 1978; the lyrics are a mixture of five of the top entries in a national contest" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Oil-rich Nigeria has been hobbled by political instability, corruption, inadequate infrastructure, and poor macroeconomic management, but in 2008 began pursuing economic reforms. Nigeria's former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from its overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 95% of foreign exchange earnings and about 80% of budgetary revenues. Following the signing of an IMF stand-by agreement in August 2000, Nigeria received a debt-restructuring deal from the Paris Club and a $1 billion credit from the IMF, both contingent on economic reforms. Nigeria pulled out of its IMF program in April 2002, after failing to meet spending and exchange rate targets, making it ineligible for additional debt forgiveness from the Paris Club. In November 2005, Abuja won Paris Club approval for a debt-relief deal that eliminated $18 billion of debt in exchange for $12 billion in payments - a total package worth $30 billion of Nigeria's total $37 billion external debt. Since 2008 the government has begun to show the political will to implement the market-oriented reforms urged by the IMF, such as modernizing the banking system, removing subsidies, and resolving regional disputes over the distribution of earnings from the oil industry. GDP rose strongly in 2007-12 because of growth in non-oil sectors and robust global crude oil prices. President JONATHAN has established an economic team that includes experienced and reputable members and has announced plans to increase transparency, diversify economic growth, and improve fiscal management. Lack of infrastructure and slow implementation of reforms are key impediments to growth. The government is working toward developing stronger public-private partnerships for roads, agriculture, and power. Nigeria's financial sector was hurt by the global financial and economic crises, but the Central Bank governor has taken measures to restructure and strengthen the sector to include imposing mandatory higher minimum capital requirements." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$455.5 billion (2012 est.); $428.4 billion (2011 est.); $399 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$268.7 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "6.3% (2012 est.); 7.4% (2011 est.); 8% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$2,800 (2012 est.); $2,700 (2011 est.); $2,600 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "24.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 19.4% of GDP (2011 est.); 20.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "53.2%", + "government_consumption": "14.9%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "18.4%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "44.2%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-30.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "30.9%", + "industry": "43%", + "services": "26% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "cocoa, peanuts, cotton, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; rubber products, wood; hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "53.83 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "70%", + "industry": "10%", + "services": "20% (1999 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "23.9% (2011 est.); 4.9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "70% (2010 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "1.8%", + "highest_10%": "38.2% (2010 est.)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "43.7 (2003); 50.6 (1997)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$22.35 billion", + "expenditures": "$27.87 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "8.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-2.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "16.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 17.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "12.2% (2012 est.); 10.8% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "4.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 6% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "16.79% (31 December 2012 est.); 16.02% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$44 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $38.87 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$80.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $74.08 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$93.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $89.37 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$39.27 billion (31 December 2011); $50.88 billion (31 December 2010); $33.32 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "$6.158 billion (2012 est.); $8.686 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$92.16 billion (2012 est.); $92.5 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 16.8%, India 12.1%, Netherlands 8.6%, Spain 7.8%, Brazil 7.6%, UK 5.1%, Germany 4.9%, Japan 4.1%, France 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$54.6 billion (2012 est.); $61.65 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 18.2%, US 10%, India 5.5% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$46.41 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $35.21 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$13.12 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $13.11 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$84.43 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $78.24 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$11.24 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.34 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "nairas (NGN) per US dollar -; 156.81 (2012 est.); 154.74 (2011 est.); 150.3 (2010 est.); 148.9 (2009); 117.8 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "18.82 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "17.66 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "5.898 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "67.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "32.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "2.525 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "2.051 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "38.5 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "102,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "271,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "15,470 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "133,400 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "29 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "4.97 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "24.02 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "5.11 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "80.51 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "719,400 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "95.167 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "further expansion and modernization of the fixed-line telephone network is needed; network quality remains a problem", + "domestic": "the addition of a second fixed-line provider in 2002 resulted in faster growth but subscribership remains only about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services growing rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple cellular providers operate nationally with subscribership base approaching 60 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "nearly 70 federal government-controlled national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; network of federal government-controlled national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40 state government-owned radio stations typically carry their own programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations; transmissions of international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".ng" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "1,234 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "43.989 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "54 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "40", + "over_3_047_m": "10", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "12", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "9", + "914_to_1_523_m": "6", + "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "14", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", + "914_to_1_523_m": "9", + "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "5 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "condensate 124 km; gas 4,045 km; liquid petroleum gas 164 km; oil 4,441 km; refined products 3,940 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "3,505 km", + "narrow_gauge": "3,505 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "193,200 km", + "paved": "28,980 km", + "unpaved": "164,220 km (2004)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "8,600 km (Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks) (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "89", + "by_type": "cargo 2, chemical tanker 28, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 56, specialized tanker 1", + "foreign_owned": "3 (India 1, UK 2)", + "registered_in_other_countries": "33 (Bahamas 2, Bermuda 11, Comoros 1, Italy 1, Liberia 4, North Korea 1, Panama 6, Seychelles 1, unknown 6) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagos" + }, + "transportation_note": { + "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; in 2012, 27 commercial vessels were boarded or attacked compared with 10 attacks in 2011; crews were robbed and stores or cargoes stolen; Nigerian pirates have extended the range of their attacks to as far away as Cote d'Ivoire" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Nigerian Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "37,087,711", + "females_age_16_49": "35,232,127 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "20,839,976", + "females_age_16_49": "19,867,683 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "1,767,428", + "female": "1,687,719 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately cedes sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phase-out of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries; location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "5,299 (Liberia) (2011)", + "idps": "undetermined (communal violence between Christians and Muslims, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; competition for resources; displacement is mostly short-term) (2012)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for European, East Asian, and North American markets; consumer of amphetamines; safe haven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide; major money-laundering center; massive corruption and criminal activity; Nigeria has improved some anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in June 2006; Nigeria's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be monitored by FATF" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/rw-rwanda.json b/africa/rw-rwanda.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c8f3b3e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/rw-rwanda.json @@ -0,0 +1,606 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years, thousands of Tutsis were killed, and some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions, culminating in April 1994 in a state-orchestrated genocide, in which Rwandans killed up to a million of their fellow citizens, including approximately three-quarters of the Tutsi population. The genocide ended later that same year when the predominantly Tutsi RPF, operating out of Uganda and northern Rwanda, defeated the national army and Hutu militias, and established an RPF-led government of national unity. Approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled to neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and former Zaire. Since then, most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda, but several thousand remained in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC, the former Zaire) and formed an extremist insurgency bent on retaking Rwanda, much as the RPF did in 1990. Rwanda held its first local elections in 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative elections in 2003. Rwanda in 2009 staged a joint military operation with the Congolese Army in DRC to rout out the Hutu extremist insurgency there, and Kigali and Kinshasa restored diplomatic relations. Rwanda also joined the Commonwealth in late 2009. In January 2013, Rwanda assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2013-14 term." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "2 00 S, 30 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "26,338 sq km", + "land": "24,668 sq km", + "water": "1,670 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "893 km", + "border_countries": "Burundi 290 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 217 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Rusizi River 950 m", + "highest_point": "Volcan Karisimbi 4,519 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), methane, hydropower, arable land" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "46.32%", + "permanent_crops": "9.49%", + "other": "44.19% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "96.25 sq km (2007)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "9.5 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.15 cu km/yr (33%/11%/55%)", + "per_capita": "17.25 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo", + "volcanism": "Visoke (elev. 3,711 m), located on the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is the country's only historically active volcano" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; widespread poaching" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "landlocked; most of the country is savanna grassland with the population predominantly rural" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Rwandan(s)", + "adjective": "Rwandan" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Hutu (Bantu) 84%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 15%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Kinyarwanda (official, universal Bantu vernacular), French (official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili, used in commercial centers)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 56.5%, Protestant 26%, Adventist 11.1%, Muslim 4.6%, indigenous beliefs 0.1%, none 1.7% (2001)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "12,012,589 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "42.3% (male 2,561,999/female 2,521,530)", + "15_24_years": "19.1% (male 1,142,985/female 1,145,500)", + "25_54_years": "32.2% (male 1,943,017/female 1,929,924)", + "55_64_years": "3.9% (male 219,111/female 254,064)", + "65_years_and_over": "2.5% (male 119,086/female 175,373) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "82.8 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "78.5 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.3 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "23 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "18.7 years", + "male": "18.4 years", + "female": "19 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.7% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "35.49 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "9.41 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "19.1% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "4.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "KIGALI (capital) 909,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.86 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.67 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "22.9", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "340 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "61.03 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "64.58 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "57.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "58.85 years", + "male": "57.34 years", + "female": "60.4 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4.71 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "51.6% (2010/11)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "10.5% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.02 physicians/1,000 population (2005)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.6 beds/1,000 population (2007)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 76% of population; rural: 63% of population; total: 65% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 24% of population; rural: 37% of population; total: 35% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 52% of population; rural: 56% of population; total: 55% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 48% of population; rural: 44% of population; total: 45% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "2.9% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "170,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "4,100 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "4.3% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "11.7% (2011)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "4.8% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "71.1%", + "male": "74.8%", + "female": "67.5% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "11 years", + "male": "11 years", + "female": "11 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "783,113", + "percentage": "35 % (2000 est.)" + }, + "people_note": { + "text": "Rwanda is the most densely populated country in Africa" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Rwanda", + "conventional_short_form": "Rwanda", + "local_long_form": "Republika y'u Rwanda", + "local_short_form": "Rwanda", + "former": "Ruanda, German East Africa" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic; presidential, multiparty system" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Kigali", + "geographic_coordinates": "1 57 S, 30 03 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "4 provinces (in French - provinces, singular - province; in Kinyarwanda - intara for singular and plural) and 1 city* (in French - ville; in Kinyarwanda - umujyi); Est (Eastern), Kigali*, Nord (Northern), Ouest (Western), Sud (Southern)" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 1 July (1962)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "constitution passed by referendum 26 May 2003" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil law, based on German and Belgian models, and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Paul KAGAME (since 22 April 2000)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Pierre Damien HABUMUREMYI (since 7 October 2011)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 9 August 2010 (next to be held in 2017)", + "election_results": "Paul KAGAME elected to a second term as president; Paul KAGAME 93.1%, Jean NTAWUKURIRYAYO 5.1%, Prosper HIGIRO 1.4%, Alvera MUKABARAMBA 0.4%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of Senate (26 seats; 12 members elected by local councils, 8 appointed by the president, 4 appointed by the Political Organizations Forum, 2 represent institutions of higher learning; members to serve eight-year terms) and Chamber of Deputies (80 seats; 53 members elected by popular vote, 24 women elected by local bodies, 3 selected by youth and disability organizations; members to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "Senate - NA; Chamber of Deputies - last held on 15 September 2008 (next to be held on 16-18 September 2013)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - RPF 78.8%, PSD 13.1%, PL 7.5%; seats by party - RPF 42, PSD 7, PL 4, additional 27 members indirectly elected" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 12 judges; normally organized into 3-judge benches) note - the Gacaca Court was established in 2001 by the National Unity Government to try cases of genocide against the Tutsis", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges nominated by the president of the republic, after consultation with the Cabinet and the Superior Council of the Judiciary (a 14-member body of judges, other judicial officials, and legal professionals), and approved by the Senate; court president and vice president appointed for 8-year nonrenewable terms; tenure of other judges NA", + "subordinate_courts": "High Court of the Republic; commercial courts including the High Commercial Court; intermediate courts; primary courts; Gacaca and military specialized courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Centrist Democratic Party or PDC [Agnes MUKABARANGA]; Democratic Popular Union of Rwanda or UDPR [Gonzague RWIGEMA]; Democratic Republican Movement or MDR [Celestin KABANDA] (officially banned); Islamic Democratic Party or PDI [Musa Fazil HARERIMANA]; Liberal Party or PL [Protais MITALI]; Party for Democratic Renewal (officially banned); Party for Progress and Concord or PPC [Alvera MUKABARAMBA]; Rwandan Patriotic Front or RPF [Paul KAGAME]; Rwandan Socialist Party or PSR [Jean Baptist RUCIBIGANGO]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Vincent BIRUTA]; Socialist Party-Imberakuri or PS-Imberakuri [Christine MUKABUNANI]; Solidarity and Prosperity Party or PSP [Pheobe KANYANGE]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "IBUKA (association of genocide survivors)" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CEPGL, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mathilde MUKANTABANA", + "chancery": "1714 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 232-2882", + "fax": "[1] (202) 232-4544" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Donald W. KORAN", + "embassy": "2657 Avenue de la Gendarmerie, Kigali", + "mailing_address": "B. P. 28, Kigali", + "telephone": "[250] 596-400", + "fax": "[250] 596-591" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three horizontal bands of sky blue (top, double width), yellow, and green, with a golden sun with 24 rays near the fly end of the blue band; blue represents happiness and peace, yellow economic development and mineral wealth, green hope of prosperity and natural resources; the sun symbolizes unity, as well as enlightenment and transparency from ignorance" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Rwanda nziza\" (Rwanda, Our Beautiful Country)", + "lyrics_music": "Faustin MURIGO/Jean-Bosco HASHAKAIMANA", + "note": "adopted 2001" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Rwanda is a poor rural country with about 90% of the population engaged in (mainly subsistence) agriculture and some mineral and agro-processing. Tourism, minerals, coffee and tea are Rwanda's main sources of foreign exchange. Minerals exports declined 40% in 2009-10 due to the global economic downturn. The 1994 genocide decimated Rwanda's fragile economic base, severely impoverished the population, particularly women, and temporarily stalled the country's ability to attract private and external investment. However, Rwanda has made substantial progress in stabilizing and rehabilitating its economy to pre-1994 levels. GDP has rebounded with an average annual growth of 7%-8% since 2003 and inflation has been reduced to single digits. Nonetheless, a significant percent of the population still live below the official poverty line. Despite Rwanda's fertile ecosystem, food production often does not keep pace with demand, requiring food imports. Rwanda continues to receive substantial aid money and obtained IMF-World Bank Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) initiative debt relief in 2005-06. In recognition of Rwanda's successful management of its macro economy, in 2010, the IMF graduated Rwanda to a Policy Support Instrument (PSI). Rwanda also received a Millennium Challenge Threshold Program in 2008. Africa's most densely populated country is trying to overcome the limitations of its small, landlocked economy by leveraging regional trade. Rwanda joined the East African Community and is aligning its budget, trade, and immigration policies with its regional partners. The government has embraced an expansionary fiscal policy to reduce poverty by improving education, infrastructure, and foreign and domestic investment and pursuing market-oriented reforms. Energy shortages, instability in neighboring states, and lack of adequate transportation linkages to other countries continue to handicap private sector growth. The Rwandan Government is seeking to become regional leader in information and communication technologies. In 2010, Rwanda neared completion of the first modern Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Kigali. The SEZ seeks to attract investment in all sectors, but specifically in agribusiness, information and communications technologies, trade and logistics, mining, and construction. The global downturn hurt export demand and tourism, but economic growth has recovered, driven in large part by the services sector, but inflation has grown. On the back of this growth, government is gradually ending its fiscal stimulus policy while protecting aid to the poor." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$15.74 billion (2012 est.); $14.62 billion (2011 est.); $13.5 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$7.223 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "7.7% (2012 est.); 8.3% (2011 est.); 7.2% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,500 (2012 est.); $1,400 (2011 est.); $1,400 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "15.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 14% of GDP (2011 est.); 13.5% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "87.9%", + "government_consumption": "9.4%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.4%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "11.7%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-29.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "33.3%", + "industry": "13.9%", + "services": "52.9% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; livestock" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "4.446 million (2007)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "90%", + "industry_and_services": "10% (2000)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "44.9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.1%", + "highest_10%": "43.2% (2011 est.)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "46.8 (2000); 28.9 (1985)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$1.67 billion", + "expenditures": "$1.873 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "23.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-2.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "21.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 23.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "6.3% (2012 est.); 5.7% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "7.75% (31 December 2010 est.); 11.25% (31 December 2008)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "17.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 17.4% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$1.164 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.068 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$1.536 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.324 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$680.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $628.2 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$657.8 million (2012 est.); -$692.2 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$451.3 million (2012 est.); $469 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "coffee, tea, hides, tin ore" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Kenya 32.6%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 13.1%, China 11.7%, Malaysia 10.4%, US 5.6%, Swaziland 5.2%, Pakistan 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$1.559 billion (2012 est.); $1.565 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Kenya 18.4%, Uganda 16.6%, UAE 8.3%, China 6.9%, India 5.4%, Tanzania 5.4%, Belgium 4.3% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$1.035 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.05 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$1.153 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.103 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$676.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $583.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$12.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $12.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Rwandan francs (RWF) per US dollar -; 616.6 (2012 est.); 601.83 (2011 est.); 583.13 (2010 est.); 568.18 (2009); 550 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "240.2 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "301.4 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "2 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "80 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "56,250 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "53.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "46.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "5,245 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "5,125 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "56.63 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "869,400 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "38,900 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "4.446 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "small, inadequate telephone system primarily serves business, education, and government", + "domestic": "the capital, Kigali, is connected to the centers of the provinces by microwave radio relay and, recently, by cellular telephone service; much of the network depends on wire and HF radiotelephone; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone density has increased and now exceeds 40 telephones per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 250; international connections employ microwave radio relay to neighboring countries and satellite communications to more distant countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) in Kigali (includes telex and telefax service) (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "government owns and operates the only TV station; government-owned and operated Radio Rwanda has a national reach; 9 private radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".rw" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "1,447 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "450,000 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "7 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "4", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "2", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "3", + "914_to_1_523_m": "2", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "14,008 km", + "paved": "2,662 km", + "unpaved": "11,346 km (2004)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "(Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft) (2011)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Rwanda Defense Force (RDF): Rwanda Army (Rwanda Land Force), Rwanda Air Force (Force Aerienne Rwandaise, FAR) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; Rwandan citizenship is required, as is a 9th grade education for enlisted recruits and an A-level certificate for officer candidates; enlistment is either as contract (5-years, renewable twice) or career; retirement (for officers and senior NCOs) after 20 years of service or at 40-60 years of age (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,625,917", + "females_age_16_49": "2,608,110 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,685,066", + "females_age_16_49": "1,749,580 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "110,736", + "female": "110,328 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Burundi and Rwanda dispute two sq km (0.8 sq mi) of Sabanerwa, a farmed area in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965; fighting among ethnic groups - loosely associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces in Great Lakes region transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DROC), Rwanda, and Uganda - abated substantially from a decade ago due largely to UN peacekeeping, international mediation, and efforts by local governments to create civil societies; nonetheless, 57,000 Rwandan refugees still reside in 21 African states, including Zambia, Gabon, and 20,000 who fled to Burundi in 2005 and 2006 to escape drought and recriminations from traditional courts investigating the 1994 massacres; the 2005 DROC and Rwanda border verification mechanism to stem rebel actions on both sides of the border remains in place" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "57,857 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2012)", + "idps": "undetermined (fighting between government and insurgency in 1998-99; returning refugees) (2012)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Rwanda is a source and, to a lesser extent, transit and destination country for women and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Rwandan girls and, to a lesser extent, boys are exploited in domestic servitude within the country; Rwandan girls are also forced into prostitution by older girls, women, and loosely organized prostitution networks; Rwandan women and children are subjected to forced agricultural and industrial labor, domestic servitude, and prostitution in Kenya, Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Burundi, Zambia, South Africa, France, the Netherlands, Malaysia, China, and the US; children in Rwanda-based refugee camps are brought to Kigali, Uganda, Kenya, Sudan, and South Sudan for use in the sex trade; a limited number of foreign nationals are moved through Rwanda to be exploited in third countries", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Rwanda does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government maintains strong efforts to investigate and prosecute some trafficking crimes but fails to stop M23 (an armed group in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo) from recruiting within Rwanda, which is at times reportedly supported by government officials, amounting to complicity in human trafficking; although the revised penal code covers almost all forms of human trafficking, its narrow definition may result in the confusion of trafficking with other crimes; other obstacles include a lack of awareness of human trafficking among officials and an inadequate number of investigators (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/sc-seychelles.json b/africa/sc-seychelles.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f2acf2eb --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/sc-seychelles.json @@ -0,0 +1,565 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "A lengthy struggle between France and Great Britain for the islands ended in 1814, when they were ceded to the latter. Independence came in 1976. Socialist rule was brought to a close with a new constitution and free elections in 1993. President France-Albert RENE, who had served since 1977, was re-elected in 2001, but stepped down in 2004. Vice President James MICHEL took over the presidency and in July 2006 was elected to a new five-year term; he was reelected in May 2011." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "archipelago in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "4 35 S, 55 40 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "455 sq km", + "land": "455 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "491 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Morne Seychellois 905 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "fish, copra, cinnamon trees" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "2.17%", + "permanent_crops": "4.35%", + "other": "93.48% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "2.6 sq km (2003)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; occasional short droughts" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "water supply depends on catchments to collect rainwater" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "41 granitic and about 75 coralline islands" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Seychellois (singular and plural)", + "adjective": "Seychellois" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "mixed French, African, Indian, Chinese, and Arab" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Creole 91.8%, English (official) 4.9%, other 3.1%, unspecified 0.2% (2002 census)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 82.3%, Protestant 7.5% (Anglican 6.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.1%), other Christian 3.4%, Hindu 2.1%, Muslim 1.1%, other non-Christian 1.5%, unspecified 1.5%, none 0.6% (2002 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "90,846 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "21.2% (male 9,852/female 9,364)", + "15_24_years": "14.6% (male 6,932/female 6,293)", + "25_54_years": "49.3% (male 23,471/female 21,306)", + "55_64_years": "7.8% (male 3,663/female 3,378)", + "65_years_and_over": "7.3% (male 2,520/female 4,067) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "42.6 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "31.6 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "11 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "9.1 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "33.4 years", + "male": "33 years", + "female": "34 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.9% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "14.85 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "6.89 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "1.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "53.6% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.05% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "VICTORIA (capital) 26,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.09 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.1 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1.09 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.61 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.04 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "11.06 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "13.85 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "8.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "74.01 years", + "male": "69.4 years", + "female": "78.76 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "1.89 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "3.4% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "1.51 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "3.6 beds/1,000 population (2011)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 98% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "23.9% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "4.8% of GDP (2006)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "91.8%", + "male": "91.4%", + "female": "92.3% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "13 years", + "male": "13 years", + "female": "14 years (2011)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "20.3% (2002)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Seychelles", + "conventional_short_form": "Seychelles", + "local_long_form": "Republic of Seychelles", + "local_short_form": "Seychelles" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Victoria", + "geographic_coordinates": "4 37 S, 55 27 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "25 administrative districts; Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse Royale, Au Cap, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air, Bel Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand Anse Mahe, Grand Anse Praslin, Inner Islands, La Riviere Anglaise, Les Mamalles, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri, Plaisance, Pointe Larue, Port Glaud, Roche Caiman, Saint Louis, Takamaka" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "29 June 1976 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Constitution Day (National Day), 18 June (1993)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "18 June 1993" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, French civil law, and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President James Alix MICHEL (since 14 April 2004); Vice President Danny FAURE (since 1 July 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President James Alix MICHEL (since 14 April 2004); Vice President Danny FAURE (since 1 July 2010)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for two more terms); election last held on 19-21 May 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", + "election_results": "President James MICHEL elected president; percent of vote - James MICHEL 55.5%, Wavel RAMKALAWAN 41.4%, Philippe BOULLE 1.7%, Ralph VOLCERE 1.5%; note - this was the second election in which President James MICHEL participated; he was originally sworn in as president after former president France Albert RENE stepped down in April 2004" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (34 seats; 25 members elected by popular vote, 9 allocated on a proportional basis to parties winning at least 10% of the vote; members to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 29 September - 1 October 2011 (next to be held in 2016); note - the National Assembly was dissolved in July 2011 resulting in early elections", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - PL 88.6%, PDM 10.9%, independents 0.6%; seats by party - PL 31, vacant - 3; note - the ruling SPPF changed its name to People's Party (Party Lepep) in June 2009; the SNP and NDP boycotted the 2011 elections" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Seychelles Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 4 justices; Supreme Court of Seychelles (consists of the chief justice and 5 pusine judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 3 Supreme Court judges)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "all judges appointed by the president of the republic upon the recommendation of the Constitutional Appointments Committee, a 3-member body, with 1 member appointed by the president of the republic, 1 by the opposition leader in the National Assembly, and 1 by the other 2 appointees; judges appointed until retirement at age 70", + "subordinate_courts": "Magistrates' Courts of Seychelles; Family Tribunal for issues such as domestic violence, and child custody and maintenance" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM, Paul CHOW]; New Democratic Party or NDP; People's Party (Parti Lepep) or PL [France Albert RENE]; Popular Democratic Movement or PDM; Seychelles National Party or SNP [Wavel RAMKALAWAN] (formerly the United Opposition or UO)" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Roman Catholic Church", + "other": "trade unions" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, C, CD, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Marie-Louise Cecile POTTER", + "chancery": "800 Second Avenue, Suite 400C, New York, NY 10017", + "telephone": "[1] (212) 972-1785", + "fax": "[1] (212) 972-1786", + "consulates_general": "Los Angeles" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Seychelles; the ambassador to Mauritius is accredited to Seychelles" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "five oblique bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, red, white, and green (bottom) radiating from the bottom of the hoist side; the oblique bands are meant to symbolize a dynamic new country moving into the future; blue represents sky and sea, yellow the sun giving light and life, red the peoples' determination to work for the future in unity and love, white social justice and harmony, green the land and natural environment" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Koste Seselwa\" (Seychellois Unite)", + "lyrics_music": "David Francois Marc ANDRE and George Charles Robert PAYET", + "note": "adopted 1996" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "since independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the pre-independence, near-subsistence level, moving the island into the upper-middle-income group of countries. Growth has been led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency earnings, and by tuna fishing. In recent years, the government has encouraged foreign investment to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the dependence on tourism by promoting the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. In July 2008 the government defaulted on a Euro amortizing note worth roughly US$80 million, leading to a downgrading of Seychelles credit rating. In an effort to obtain loans to service its debt, Seychelles in November 2008 signed a standby arrangement with the IMF that mandated floating the exchange rate, removing foreign exchange controls, cutting government spending, and tightening monetary policy. In response to Seychelles' successful implementation of these policies, the IMF upgraded Seychelles to a three-year extended fund facility (EFF) of $31 million in December 2009. In 2008, GDP fell more than 1% due to declining tourism and the initial effects of liberalization, but the economy recovered in 2010-11 after the reforms took hold and tourism increased. Growth slowed again in 2012 with flagging tourism from Russia and the United Arab Emirates. Seychelles is attempting to implement further structural reforms, including overhauling the tax system, reorganizing of state enterprises, and deregulating the finance and communications sectors." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$2.355 billion (2012 est.); $2.292 billion (2011 est.); $2.182 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$1.031 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.8% (2012 est.); 5% (2011 est.); 5.6% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$25,600 (2012 est.); $25,200 (2011 est.); $24,300 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "18.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 11.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 8.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "99.1%", + "government_consumption": "13.4%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "37.2%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "41.1%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-101.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "2%", + "industry": "18.7%", + "services": "79.3% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "coconuts, cinnamon, vanilla, sweet potatoes, cassava (tapioca), copra, bananas; poultry; tuna" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "fishing, tourism, processing of coconuts and vanilla, coir (coconut fiber) rope, boat building, printing, furniture; beverages" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "39,560 (2006)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "3%", + "industry": "23%", + "services": "74% (2006)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "2% (2006 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "4.7%", + "highest_10%": "15.4% (2007)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$438.3 million", + "expenditures": "$415.4 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "42.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "2.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "61.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 74.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "7.1% (2012 est.); 2.6% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "11.17% (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "12.19% (31 December 2012 est.); 11.19% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$301.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $302.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$553.4 million (31 December 2011 est.); $598.9 million (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$408.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $422.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$179.8 million (2012 est.); -$211.1 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$493.3 million (2012 est.); $478 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "canned tuna, frozen fish, cinnamon bark, copra, petroleum products (reexports)" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "France 27.8%, UK 17.7%, Japan 15.3%, Italy 10.7% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$889.6 million (2012 est.); $879.6 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals, other manufactured goods" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Saudi Arabia 23.2%, Spain 11.9%, France 5.8% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$318.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $290.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$1.776 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.779 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Seychelles rupees (SCR) per US dollar -; 13.704 (2012 est.); 12.381 (2011 est.); 12.068 (2010 est.); 13.61 (2009); 8 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "245 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "227.9 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "95,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "7,793 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "6,923 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "1.245 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "27,900 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "126,600 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "effective system", + "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 170 telephones per 100 persons; radiotelephone communications between islands in the archipelago", + "international": "country code - 248; direct radiotelephone communications with adjacent island countries and African coastal countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "the government operates the only terrestrial TV station, which provides local programming and airs broadcasts from international services; multi-channel cable and satellite TV are available; the government operates 1 AM and 1 FM radio station; transmissions of 2 international broadcasters are accessible in Victoria (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".sc" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "247 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "32,000 (2008)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "14 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "7", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "5", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "7", + "914_to_1_523_m": "2", + "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "1 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "508 km", + "paved": "490 km", + "unpaved": "18 km (2003)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "9", + "by_type": "cargo 1, carrier 1, chemical tanker 6, petroleum tanker 1", + "foreign_owned": "3 (Hong Kong 1, Nigeria 1, South Africa 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Victoria" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Seychelles Defense Force: Army, Coast Guard (includes Naval Wing, Air Wing), National Guard (2005)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service (younger with parental consent); no conscription (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "26,257", + "females_age_16_49": "23,996 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "20,231", + "females_age_16_49": "19,891 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "686", + "female": "650 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Islands (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Seychelles is a source and destination country for Seychellois children and foreign women subjected to sex trafficking; Seychellois girls and, to a lesser extent, boys are forced into prostitution in nightclubs, bars, guest houses, hotels, brothels, private homes, and on the streets by peers, family members, and pimps; foreign tourists, sailors, and migrant workers contribute to the demand for commercial sex acts in Seychelles; some of the large population of foreign migrant workers reportedly experience the underpayment of wages and substandard housing", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Seychelles does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has failed to report any investigations, prosecutions, or convictions of trafficking offenses; the government also has not identified or provided protective services to any trafficking victims and punished victims for crimes committed as a result of being trafficked, although it has acknowledged the need for specialized training of officials in recognizing, investigating, and prosecuting trafficking offenses, it did not provide any such training during the reporting period (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/sd-sudan.json b/africa/sd-sudan.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5c6a5b4e --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/sd-sudan.json @@ -0,0 +1,607 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in northern economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first civil war ended in 1972 but broke out again in 1983. The second war and famine-related effects resulted in more than four million people displaced and, according to rebel estimates, more than two million deaths over a period of two decades. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04 with the signing of several accords. The final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005, granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years followed by a referendum on independence for Southern Sudan. The referendum was held in January 2011 and indicated overwhelming support for independence. South Sudan became independent on 9 July 2011. Since southern independence Sudan has been combating rebels from the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile states. A separate conflict, which broke out in the western region of Darfur in 2003, has displaced nearly two million people and caused an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 deaths. The UN took command of the Darfur peacekeeping operation from the African Union in December 2007. Peacekeeping troops have struggled to stabilize the situation, which has become increasingly regional in scope and has brought instability to eastern Chad. Sudan also has faced large refugee influxes from neighboring countries primarily Ethiopia and Chad. Armed conflict, poor transport infrastructure, and lack of government support have chronically obstructed the provision of humanitarian assistance to affected populations." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "north-eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "15 00 N, 30 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "1,861,484 sq km", + "land": "NA", + "water": "NA" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly less than one-fifth the size of the US" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "6,751 km", + "border_countries": "Central African Republic 175 km, Chad 1,360 km, Egypt 1,275 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 769 km, Libya 383 km, South Sudan 2,184 km", + "note": "Sudan-South Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment; final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei region pending negotiations between Sudan and South Sudan" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "853 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "18 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "hot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "generally flat, featureless plain; desert dominates the north" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Red Sea 0 m", + "highest_point": "Jabal Marrah 3,071 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold; hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "6.76%", + "permanent_crops": "0.07%", + "other": "93.17% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "18,900 sq km (2010)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "64.5 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "27.59 cu km/yr (4%/1%/95%)", + "per_capita": "683.4 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "dust storms and periodic persistent droughts" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification; periodic drought" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "dominated by the Nile and its tributaries" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Sudanese (singular and plural)", + "adjective": "Sudanese" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Sudanese Arab (approximately 70%), Fur, Beja, Nuba, Fallata" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Fur", + "note": "program of \"Arabization\" in process" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Sunni Muslim, small Christian minority" + }, + "population": { + "text": "34,847,910" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "41.4% (male 7,337,924/female 7,104,702)", + "15_24_years": "20% (male 3,596,729/female 3,376,682)", + "25_54_years": "31.4% (male 5,316,659/female 5,639,494)", + "55_64_years": "3.8% (male 711,596/female 620,962)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.3% (male 629,312/female 513,850) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "79.9 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "74.1 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.8 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "17.1 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "18.9 years", + "male": "18.6 years", + "female": "19.1 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.83% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "30.84 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "8.09 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-4.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "33.2% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "2.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "KHARTOUM (capital) 5.021 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1.16 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "1.24 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "730 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "54.23 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "59.75 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "48.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "62.95 years", + "male": "60.93 years", + "female": "65.07 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4.05 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "9% (2010)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "6.3% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.28 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 67% of population; rural: 52% of population; total: 58% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 33% of population; rural: 48% of population; total: 42% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 44% of population; rural: 14% of population; total: 26% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 56% of population; rural: 86% of population; total: 74% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "1.1% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "260,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "12,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", + "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "6% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "31.7% (2006)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "71.9%", + "male": "80.7%", + "female": "63.2%", + "note": "pre-secession of South Sudan (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "4 years (2000)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of the Sudan", + "conventional_short_form": "Sudan", + "local_long_form": "Jumhuriyat as-Sudan", + "local_short_form": "As-Sudan", + "former": "Anglo-Egyptian Sudan" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "Federal republic ruled by the National Congress Party the (NCP), which came to power by military coup in 1989; the CPA-mandated Government of National Unity, which since 2005 provided a percentage of leadership posts to the south Sudan-based Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), was disbanded following the secession of South Sudan." + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Khartoum", + "geographic_coordinates": "15 36 N, 32 32 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "17 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Jazira (Gezira), Al Khartoum (Khartoum), Al Qadarif (Gedaref), An Nil al Abyad (White Nile), An Nil al Azraq (Blue Nile), Ash Shimaliyya (Northern), Gharb Darfur (Western Darfur), Janub Darfur (Southern Darfur), Janub Kurdufan (Southern Kordofan), Kassala, Nahr an Nil (River Nile), Sharq Darfur (Eastern Darfur), Shimal Darfur (Northern Darfur), Shimal Kurdufan (Northern Kordofan), Sinnar, Wasat Darfur (Central Darfur)" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "1 January 1956 (from Egypt and the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 1 January (1956)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "the Government of Sudan is in the process of drafting a new constitution to replace the Interim National Constitution ratified 5 July 2005" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic law and English common law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2008" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "17 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - the NCP (formerly the National Islamic Front or NIF) dominates al-BASHIR's cabinet", + "elections": "election on 11-15 April 2010 (next to be held in 2015)", + "election_results": "Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR reelected president; percent of vote - Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR 68.2%, Yasir ARMAN 21.7%, Abdullah Deng NHIAL 3.9%, others 6.2%", + "note": "al-BASHIR assumed power as chairman of Sudan's Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation (RCC) in June 1989 and served concurrently as chief of state, chairman of the RCC, prime minister, and minister of defense until mid-October 1993 when he was appointed president by the RCC; he was elected president by popular vote for the first time in March 1996" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral National Legislature consists of a Council of States (50 seats; members indirectly elected by state legislatures to serve six-year terms) and a National Assembly (450 seats; 60% from geographic constituencies, 25% from a women's list, and 15% from party lists; members to serve six-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 11-15 April 2010 (next to be held in 2016)", + "election_results": "National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NCP 323, SPLM 99, PCP 4, DUP 4, UFP 3, URDP 2, DUPO 2, SPLM-DC 2, other 7, vacant 4; composition of National Assembly following South Sudan's independence - seats by party - NCP 317, SPLM 8, PCP 4, DUP 4, UFP 3, URDP 2, DUPO 1, UP 1, UNP 1, UCLP 1, MB 1, independent 3, vacant 8", + "note": "the mandate of the members from the south was terminated upon independence by the Republic of South Sudan effective 9 July 2011 and membership in Sudan's National Assembly was reduced to 354; it is unclear whether this total will be retained for the next election or whether the previous total of 450 will be reconstituted" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "National Supreme Court (consists of 70 judges organized into panels of 3 judges; court includes 4 circuits that operate outside the capital); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 justices including the court president); note - the Constitutional Court resides outside the national judiciary", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "National Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president of the republic upon the recommendation of the National Judicial Service Commission, an independent body chaired by the chief justice of the republic and members including other judges and judicial and legal officials; Supreme Court judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 7 years", + "subordinate_courts": "National Court of Appeals; other national courts (not specified in the 2005 Interim National Constitution as to national or local authority); township and rural (peoples') courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Democratic Unionist Party or DUP [Hatim al-SIR]; Democratic Unionist Party-Original or DUPO; Muslim Brotherhood or MB; National Congress Party or NCP [Umar Hassan al-BASHIR]; Popular Congress Party or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI]; Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM; Sudan People's Liberation Movement for Democratic Change or SPLM-DC [Lam AKOL Ajawin]; Umma Party or UP; Umma Federal Party or UFP; Umma National Party or UNP; Umma Reform and Development Party or URDP; Umma Collective Leadership Party or UCLP" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Umma Party [SADIQ Siddiq al-Mahdi]; Popular Congress Party or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI]; Democratic Unionist Party [Muhammad Uthman al-MIRGHANI]; Darfur rebel groups including the Justice and Equality Movement or JEM [Jabril IBRAHIM and other factional leaders] and the Sudan Liberation Movement or SLM [various factional leaders]" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Elhafiz Eisa Abdulla ADAM", + "chancery": "2210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 338-8565", + "fax": "[1] (202) 667-2406" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Joseph D. STAFFORD, III", + "embassy": "Sharia Ali Abdul Latif Street, Khartoum", + "mailing_address": "P.O. Box 699, Kilo 10, Soba, Khartoum; APO AE 09829", + "telephone": "[249] (187)-0-(22000)", + "fax": "[249] (183) 774-137" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; colors and design based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I, but the meanings of the colors are expressed as follows: red signifies the struggle for freedom, white is the color of peace, light, and love, black represents Sudan itself (in Arabic 'Sudan' means black), green is the color of Islam, agriculture, and prosperity" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "secretary bird" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Nahnu Djundulla Djundulwatan\" (We Are the Army of God and of Our Land)", + "lyrics_music": "Sayed Ahmad Muhammad SALIH/Ahmad MURJAN", + "note": "adopted 1956; the song originally served as the anthem of the Sudanese military" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Sudan is an extremely poor country that has had to deal with social conflict, civil war, and the July 2011 secession of South Sudan - the region of the country that had been responsible for about three-fourths of the former Sudan's total oil production. The oil sector had driven much of Sudan's GDP growth since it began exporting oil in 1999. For nearly a decade, the economy boomed on the back of increases in oil production, high oil prices, and significant inflows of foreign direct investment. Following South Sudan''s secession, Sudan has struggled to maintain economic stability, because oil earnings now provide a far lower share of the country''s need for hard currency and for budget revenues. Sudan is attempting to generate new sources of revenues, such as from gold mining, while carrying out an austerity program to reduce expenditures. Agricultural production continues to employ 80% of the work force. Sudan introduced a new currency, still called the Sudanese pound, following South Sudan''s secession, but the value of the currency has fallen since its introduction. Khartoum formally devalued the currency in June 2012, when it passed austerity measures that included gradually repealing fuel subsidies. Sudan also faces rising inflation, which reached 47% on an annual basis in November 2012. Ongoing conflicts in Southern Kordofan, Darfur, and the Blue Nile states, lack of basic infrastructure in large areas, and reliance by much of the population on subsistence agriculture ensure that much of the population will remain at or below the poverty line for years to come." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$86.67 billion (2012 est.); $90.66 billion (2011 est.); $92.4 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$59.94 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "-4.4% (2012 est.); -1.9% (2011 est.); 2.5% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$2,600 (2012 est.); $2,800 (2011 est.); $2,300 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "24.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 28.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 26.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "65.1%", + "government_consumption": "10.9%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "27.2%", + "investment_in_inventories": "3.3%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "7%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-13.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "27.6%", + "industry": "22.1%", + "services": "50.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), mangoes, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame; sheep and other livestock" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "-28.9% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "11.92 million (2007 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "80%", + "industry": "7%", + "services": "13% (1998 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "20% (2012 est.); 18.7% (2002 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "46.5% (2009 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.7%", + "highest_10%": "26.7% (2009 est.)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$3.934 billion", + "expenditures": "$7.627 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "6.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-6.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "106.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 96.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "31.9% (2012 est.); 18% (2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$5.853 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $9.272 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$12.83 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $15.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$8.591 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $14.63 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$3.575 billion (2012 est.); $208.1 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$4.59 billion (2012 est.); $9.694 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "gold; oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "UAE 63.2%, Saudi Arabia 9.2%, Ethiopia 5.3% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$6.217 billion (2012 est.); $8.205 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles, wheat" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Macau 18%, India 8.8%, Saudi Arabia 7.9%, Egypt 6.7%, UAE 5.2% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$297.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $295 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$39.63 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $38.63 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Sudanese pounds (SDG) per US dollar -; 4.09 (2012 est.); 2.68 (2011 est.); 2.31 (2010 est.); 2.3 (2009); 2.1 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "6.509 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "4.611 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "2.338 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "30.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "66.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "120,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "370,700 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "5 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "85,890 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "95,450 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "14,950 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "24,820 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "84.95 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "13.79 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "483,600 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "25.056 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially with wide coverage of most major cities", + "domestic": "consists of microwave radio relay, cable, fiber optic, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations", + "international": "country code - 249; linked to the EASSy and FLAG fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Arabsat (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "the Sudanese Government directly controls TV and radio, requiring that both media reflect government policies; TV has a permanent military censor; a private radio station is in operation (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".sd" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "99 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "4.2 million (2008)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "74 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "16", + "over_3_047_m": "2", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "10", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", + "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "58", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "17", + "914_to_1_523_m": "28", + "under_914_m": "12 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "6 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "gas 156 km; oil 4,070 km; refined products 1,613 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "5,978 km", + "narrow_gauge": "4,578 km 1.067-m gauge; 1,400 km 0.600-m gauge for cotton plantations (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "11,900 km", + "paved": "4,320 km", + "unpaved": "7,580 km (2000)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "4,068 km (1,723 km open year round on White and Blue Nile rivers) (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "2", + "by_type": "cargo 2 (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Port Sudan" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF): Land Forces, Navy (includes Marines), Sudanese Air Force (Sikakh al-Jawwiya as-Sudaniya), Popular Defense Forces (2011)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-33 years of age for male and female compulsory or voluntary military service; 1-2 year service obligation; a requirement that completion of national service was mandatory before entering public or private sector employment has been cancelled (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "10,433,973", + "females_age_16_49": "10,411,443 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "6,475,530", + "females_age_16_49": "6,840,885 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "532,030", + "female": "512,476 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "4.2% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "the effects of Sudan's almost constant ethnic and rebel militia fighting since the mid-20th century have penetrated all of the neighboring states; Chad wishes to be a helpful mediator in resolving the Darfur conflict, and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force with Sudan, which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence; as of 2006, Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda provided shelter for over a half million Sudanese refugees, which include 240,000 Darfur residents driven from their homes by Janjawid armed militia and Sudanese military forces; as of January 2011, Sudan, in turn, hosted about 138,700 Eritreans, 43,000 Chadians, and smaller numbers of Ethiopians; Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting Sudanese rebel groups; efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia proceed slowly due to civil and ethnic fighting in eastern Sudan; Sudan claims but Egypt de facto administers security and economic development of Halaib region north of the 22nd parallel boundary; periodic violent skirmishes with Sudanese residents over water and grazing rights persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic; South Sudan-Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment, final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei Area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "112,283 (Eritrea); 32,220 (Chad) (2012)", + "idps": "more than 2.4 million (civil war 1983-2005; ongoing conflict in Darfur region; government and rebel fighting along South Sudan border) (2011)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Sudan is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children who are subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Sudanese women and girls, particularly those from rural areas or who are internally displaced, are vulnerable to forced labor as domestic workers in homes throughout the country; some of these women and girls are subsequently sexually abused by male occupants of the household or forced to engage in commercial sex acts; Sudanese women and girls are subjected to domestic servitude in Middle Eastern countries and to forced sex trafficking in European countries; some Sudanese men who voluntarily migrate to the Middle East as low-skilled laborers face conditions indicative of forced labor; Sudanese children in Saudi Arabia are used in forced begging and street vending; Sudan is a transit and destination country for Ethiopian and Eritrean women subjected to domestic servitude in Sudan and Middle Eastern countries; Sudan is a destination for Ethiopian, Somali, and possibly Thai women subjected to forced prostitution; Sudanese children in Darfur are forcibly conscripted, at times through abduction, and used by armed groups and government security forces", + "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Sudan does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; while the government has taken some initial steps to draft anti-trafficking legislation, prosecute suspected traffickers, demobilize and reintegrate child soldiers, and has convened its first workshop to discuss human trafficking, its efforts to combat human trafficking through law enforcement, protection, or prevention measures are undertaken in an ad hoc fashion, rather than as the result of strategic planning; the government has not employed a system for proactively identifying trafficking victims among vulnerable populations or a referral process for transferring victims to organizations providing care; its proxy militias reportedly unlawfully recruited and used child soldiers during the reporting period; the government has not taken action to conclude a proposed action plan with the UN to address the problem (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/sl-sierra-leone.json b/africa/sl-sierra-leone.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c320dbe6 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/sl-sierra-leone.json @@ -0,0 +1,604 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Democracy is slowly being reestablished after the civil war from 1991 to 2002 that resulted in tens of thousands of deaths and the displacement of more than 2 million people (about a third of the population). The military, which took over full responsibility for security following the departure of UN peacekeepers at the end of 2005, is increasingly developing as a guarantor of the country's stability. The armed forces remained on the sideline during the 2007 and 2012 national elections but still look to the UN Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Sierra Leone (UNIPSIL) - a civilian UN mission - to support efforts to consolidate peace. The new government's priorities include furthering development, creating jobs, and stamping out endemic corruption." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "8 30 N, 11 30 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "71,740 sq km", + "land": "71,620 sq km", + "water": "120 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than South Carolina" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "958 km", + "border_countries": "Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "402 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Loma Mansa (Bintimani) 1,948 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "15.33%", + "permanent_crops": "1.88%", + "other": "82.79% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "293.6 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "160 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.21 cu km/yr (52%/26%/22%)", + "per_capita": "38.74 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "rapid population growth pressuring the environment; overharvesting of timber, expansion of cattle grazing, and slash-and-burn agriculture have resulted in deforestation and soil exhaustion; civil war depleted natural resources; overfishing" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "rainfall along the coast can reach 495 cm (195 inches) a year, making it one of the wettest places along coastal, western Africa" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Sierra Leonean(s)", + "adjective": "Sierra Leonean" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Temne 35%, Mende 31%, Limba 8%, Kono 5%, Kriole 2% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century; also known as Krio), Mandingo 2%, Loko 2%, other 15% (includes refugees from Liberia's recent civil war, and small numbers of Europeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians) (2008 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Muslim 60%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs 30%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "5,612,685 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "41.9% (male 1,169,343/female 1,181,669)", + "15_24_years": "19% (male 517,107/female 549,500)", + "25_54_years": "31.4% (male 847,115/female 914,650)", + "55_64_years": "4% (male 101,069/female 124,673)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.7% (male 89,643/female 117,916) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "79.3 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "74.5 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.8 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "20.9 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "19 years", + "male": "18.5 years", + "female": "19.6 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.3% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "37.77 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "11.26 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-3.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population", + "note": "refugees currently in surrounding countries are slowly returning (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "39.2% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.04% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "FREETOWN (capital) 875,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.8 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.78 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "19 (2008 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "890 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "74.95 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "83.59 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "66.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "56.98 years", + "male": "54.47 years", + "female": "59.56 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4.87 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "11% (2010)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "13.1% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.02 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.4 beds/1,000 population (2006)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 87% of population; rural: 35% of population; total: 55% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 13% of population; rural: 65% of population; total: 45% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 23% of population; rural: 6% of population; total: 13% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 77% of population; rural: 94% of population; total: 87% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "1.6% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "49,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "2,800 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", + "aerosolized_dust_or_soil_contact_disease": "Lassa fever (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "6.8% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "21.3% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "3.6% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write English, Mende, Temne, or Arabic", + "total_population": "43.3%", + "male": "54.7%", + "female": "32.6% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "12 years", + "male": "13 years", + "female": "11 years (2007)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "573,287", + "percentage": "48 % (2005 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "5.2%", + "male": "7.3%", + "female": "3.5% (2004)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Sierra Leone", + "conventional_short_form": "Sierra Leone", + "local_long_form": "Republic of Sierra Leone", + "local_short_form": "Sierra Leone" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "constitutional democracy" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Freetown", + "geographic_coordinates": "8 29 N, 13 14 W", + "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "3 provinces and 1 area*; Eastern, Northern, Southern, Western*" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "27 April 1961 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 27 April (1961)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "1 October 1991; amended several times" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Ernest Bai KOROMA (since 17 September 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Ernest Bai KOROMA (since 17 September 2007)", + "cabinet": "Ministers of State appointed by the president with the approval of the House of Representatives; the cabinet is responsible to the president", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 17 November 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", + "election_results": "Ernest Bai KOROMA elected to a second term; percent of vote - Ernest Bai KOROMA 58.7%, Julius Maada BIO 37.4%, other 3.9%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral Parliament (124 seats; 112 members elected by popular vote, 12 filled by paramount chiefs elected in separate elections; members to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 17 November 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 69, SLPP 43" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Superior Court of Judicature (consists of the Supreme Court - at the apex - with the chief justice and 4 other judges, the Court of Appeal with the chief justice and 7 other judges, and the High Court of Justice with the chief justice and 9 other judges; note – the Judicature has jurisdiction in all civil, criminal, and constitutional matters", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court chief justice and other judges of the Judicature appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission (a 7-member independent body of judges, presidential appointees, and the Commission chairman) and subject to the approval of Parliament; all Judicature judges appointed until retirement at age 65", + "subordinate_courts": "magistrates' courts; District Appeals Court; local courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "All People's Congress or APC [Ernest Bai KOROMA]; Peace and Liberation Party or PLP [Darlington MORRISON]; People's Movement for Democratic Change or PMDC [Charles MARGAI]; Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [Julius Maada BIO]; numerous others" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "other": "student unions; trade unions" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIT, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Bockari Kortu STEVENS", + "chancery": "1701 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 939-9261 through 9263", + "fax": "[1] (202) 483-1793" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Michael S. OWEN", + "embassy": "Southridge-Hill Station, Freetown", + "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", + "telephone": "[232] (76) 515 000 or (76) 515 000", + "fax": "[232] (76) 515 355" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and blue; green symbolizes agriculture, mountains, and natural resources, white represents unity and justice, and blue the sea and the natural harbor in Freetown" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "lion" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free\"", + "lyrics_music": "Clifford Nelson FYLE/John Joseph AKA", + "note": "adopted 1961" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Sierra Leone is an extremely poor nation with tremendous inequality in income distribution. While it possesses substantial mineral, agricultural, and fishery resources, its physical and social infrastructure has yet to recover from the civil war, and serious social disorders continue to hamper economic development. Nearly half of the working-age population engages in subsistence agriculture. Manufacturing consists mainly of the processing of raw materials and of light manufacturing for the domestic market. Alluvial diamond mining remains the major source of hard currency earnings, accounting for nearly half of Sierra Leone's exports. The fate of the economy depends upon the maintenance of domestic peace and the continued receipt of substantial aid from abroad, which is essential to offset the severe trade imbalance and supplement government revenues. The IMF completed a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility program that helped stabilize economic growth and reduce inflation and in 2010 approved a new program worth $45 million over three years. Political stability has led to a revival of economic activity such as the rehabilitation of bauxite and rutile mining, which are set to benefit from planned tax incentives. A number of offshore oil discoveries were announced in 2009 and 2010. The development on these reserves, which could be significant, is still several years away, however, growth skyrocketed to more than 20% in 2012, as exploitation activities began." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$8.412 billion (2012 est.); $7.023 billion (2011 est.); $6.625 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$3.777 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "19.8% (2012 est.); 6% (2011 est.); 5.3% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,400 (2012 est.); $1,200 (2011 est.); $1,100 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "19.1% of GDP (2012 est.); -1% of GDP (2011 est.); -1.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "82.4%", + "government_consumption": "8.8%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "38.9%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "13.1%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-43.1% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "51.5%", + "industry": "14.9%", + "services": "33.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "rice, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, palm oil, peanuts; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "diamond mining; small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear); petroleum refining, small commercial ship repair" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "2.207 million (2007 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "NA%", + "industry": "NA%", + "services": "NA%" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "70.2% (2004)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.6%", + "highest_10%": "33.6% (2003)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "62.9 (1989)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$510.2 million", + "expenditures": "$728.5 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "13.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-5.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "34.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 41.1% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "12.9% (2012 est.); 16.2% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "21% (31 December 2012 est.); 21% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$324.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $276.2 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$1.152 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $621.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$429.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $369.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$969.9 million (2012 est.); -$1.153 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$1.104 billion (2012 est.); $381.5 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "diamonds, rutile, cocoa, coffee, fish" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "China 50.5%, Belgium 18%, Japan 7.6%, Turkey 4.8% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$1.509 billion (2012 est.); $1.631 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels and lubricants, chemicals" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 16.3%, India 10.1%, South Africa 7.1%, US 6.6%, UK 6.6%, Cote dIvoire 4.6%, Belgium 4.5% (2012)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$1.125 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.049 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$1.644 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $979.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "leones (SLL) per US dollar -; 4,344 (2012 est.); 4,349.2 (2011 est.); 3,978.1 (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "120 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "111.6 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "52,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "92.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "7.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "4,381 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "8,768 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "522.9 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "6,117 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "1.335 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "14,000 (2010)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "2.137 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "marginal telephone service with poor infrastructure", + "domestic": "the national microwave radio relay trunk system connects Freetown to Bo and Kenema; while mobile-cellular service is growing rapidly from a small base, service area coverage remains limited", + "international": "country code - 232; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2009)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "1 government-owned TV station; 1 private TV station began operating in 2005; a pay-TV service began operations in late 2007; 1 government-owned national radio station; about two dozen private radio stations primarily clustered in major cities; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".sl" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "282 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "14,900 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "8 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "1", + "over_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "7", + "914_to_1_523_m": "7 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "2 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "11,300 km", + "paved": "904 km", + "unpaved": "10,396 km (2002)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "800 km (600 km navigable year round) (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "215", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 22, cargo 120, carrier 2, chemical tanker 19, container 6, liquefied gas 3, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 28, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1", + "foreign_owned": "98 (Bangladesh 1, China 19, Cyprus 2, Egypt 3, Estonia 2, Hong Kong 7, Japan 4, Lebanon 2, North Korea 2, Romania 2, Russia 7, Singapore 9, Syria 13, Taiwan 7, Turkey 9, UAE 1, UK 1, Ukraine 5, Yemen 2) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Freetown, Pepel, Sherbro Islands" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF): Army (includes Maritime Wing and Air Wing) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service (younger with parental consent); women are eligible to serve; no conscription; candidates must be HIV negative (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,183,093 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "731,898", + "females_age_16_49": "838,032 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "54,212", + "female": "57,154 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.6% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "as domestic fighting among disparate ethnic groups, rebel groups, warlords, and youth gangs in Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone gradually abates, the number of refugees in border areas has begun to slowly dwindle; Sierra Leone considers excessive Guinea's definition of the flood plain limits to define the left bank boundary of the Makona and Moa rivers and protests Guinea's continued occupation of these lands including the hamlet of Yenga occupied since 1998" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/sn-senegal.json b/africa/sn-senegal.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c356c868 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/sn-senegal.json @@ -0,0 +1,621 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The French colonies of Senegal and the French Sudan were merged in 1959 and granted their independence as the Mali Federation in 1960. The union broke up after only a few months. Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982. The envisaged integration of the two countries was never carried out, and the union was dissolved in 1989. The Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance (MFDC) has led a low-level separatist insurgency in southern Senegal since the 1980s, and several peace deals have failed to resolve the conflict. Nevertheless, Senegal remains one of the most stable democracies in Africa and has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping and regional mediation. Senegal was ruled by a Socialist Party for 40 years until Abdoulaye WADE was elected president in 2000. He was reelected in 2007 and during his two terms amended Senegal's constitution over a dozen times to increase executive power and to weaken the opposition. His decision to run for a third presidential term sparked a large public backlash that led to his defeat in a March 2012 runoff election with Macky SALL." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "14 00 N, 14 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "196,722 sq km", + "land": "192,530 sq km", + "water": "4,192 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than South Dakota" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "2,640 km", + "border_countries": "The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "531 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "unnamed elevation southwest of Kedougou 581 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "fish, phosphates, iron ore" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "19.57%", + "permanent_crops": "0.28%", + "other": "80.15% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "1,197 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "38.8 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "2.22 cu km/yr (4%/3%/93%)", + "per_capita": "221.6 cu m/yr (2002)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave within Senegal" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Senegalese (singular and plural)", + "adjective": "Senegalese" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Muslim 94%, Christian 5% (mostly Roman Catholic), indigenous beliefs 1%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "13,300,410 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "42.7% (male 2,855,431/female 2,828,107)", + "15_24_years": "20.5% (male 1,357,979/female 1,372,107)", + "25_54_years": "30.1% (male 1,825,507/female 2,182,110)", + "55_64_years": "3.7% (male 218,512/female 277,047)", + "65_years_and_over": "2.9% (male 174,946/female 208,664) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "86.9 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "81.3 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.6 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "17.9 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "18.2 years", + "male": "17.4 years", + "female": "19.1 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.51% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "35.64 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "8.85 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-1.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "42.5% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.32% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "DAKAR (capital) 2.777 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.83 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.8 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.85 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "21.4", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2011 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "370 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "53.93 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "60.22 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "47.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "60.57 years", + "male": "58.58 years", + "female": "62.61 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4.61 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "13.1% (2010/11)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "5.7% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.06 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.34 beds/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 93% of population; rural: 56% of population; total: 72% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 7% of population; rural: 44% of population; total: 28% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 70% of population; rural: 39% of population; total: 52% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 30% of population; rural: 61% of population; total: 48% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.9% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "59,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "2,600 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "6.8% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "19.2% (2011)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "5.6% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "49.7%", + "male": "61.8%", + "female": "38.7% (2009 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "8 years", + "male": "8 years", + "female": "8 years (2010)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "657,216", + "percentage": "22 % (2005 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "14.8%", + "male": "11.9%", + "female": "20.1% (2006)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Senegal", + "conventional_short_form": "Senegal", + "local_long_form": "Republique du Senegal", + "local_short_form": "Senegal", + "former": "Senegambia (along with The Gambia), Mali Federation" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Dakar", + "geographic_coordinates": "14 44 N, 17 38 W", + "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "14 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaffrine, Kaolack, Kedougou, Kolda, Louga, Matam, Saint-Louis, Sedhiou, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 4 April (1960)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "adopted 7 January 2001; amended many times" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system based on French law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Macky SALL (since 2 April 2012)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Aminata TOURE (since 3 September 2013)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 February 2012 with a second round runoff on 25 March 2012 (next to be held 2019); prime minister appointed by the president", + "election_results": "Macky SALL elected president; percent of votes in a runoff - Macky SALL 65.8%, Abdoulaye WADE 34.2%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (150 seats; 90 members elected by direct popular vote and 60 elected by proportional representation from party lists to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "National Assembly - last held on 1 July 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", + "election_results": "National Assembly results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Benno Bokk Yakaar coalition 119, PDS 12, Bokk Giss Giss coalition 4, MCRN-Bes Du Nakk 4, PVD 2, MRDS 2, URD 1, AJ/PADS 1, other 5" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Highest Appeals Court or Cour de Cassation (consists of 13 judges including the court president); Constitutional Council (consists of 5 members including the court president, vice-president, and 3 judges)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Highest Appeals Court judges' tenure NA; Constitutional Council members appointed by the president of the republic to serve 6-year terms with renewal of 3 members every two years", + "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeals; regional and first instance courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance for the Republic-Yakaar [Macky SALL]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; And-Jef/African Party for Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS [Landing SAVANE]; Benno Bokk Yakaar coaltion [Macky SALL]; Benno Siggil Senegal (a coalition of opposition parties); Bokk Giss Giss coalition [Pape DIOP]; Citizen Movement for National Reform or MCRN-Bes Du Nakk; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ [Cheikh Abdoulaye Bamba DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; Jef-Jel [Talla SYLLA]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madior DIOUF]; Party for Truth and Development or PVD [Ahmadou Kara MBACKE]; People's Labor Party or PTP [El Hadji DIOUF]; Reform Party or PR [Abdourahim AGNE]; Republican Movement for Socialism and Democracy or MRDS; Rewmi Party [Idrissa SECK]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition [Abdoulaye WADE] (a coalition led by the PDS); Synergy for Ethics and Transparency [Aminata TALL]; Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "other": "labor; students; Sufi brotherhoods, including the Mourides and Tidjanes; teachers" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, CPLP (associate), ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Cheikh NIANG", + "chancery": "2031 Florida Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 234-0540", + "fax": "[1] (202) 332-6315", + "consulates_general": "Houston, New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Lewis LUKENS", + "embassy": "Route des Almadies, Dakar", + "mailing_address": "B. P. 49, Dakar", + "telephone": "[221] 33-879-4000", + "fax": "[221] 33-822-2991" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; green represents Islam, progress, and hope; yellow signifies natural wealth and progress; red symbolizes sacrifice and determination; the star denotes unity and hope", + "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the colors from left to right are the same as those of neighboring Mali and the reverse of those on the flag of neighboring Guinea" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "lion" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Pincez Tous vos Koras, Frappez les Balafons\" (Pluck Your Koras, Strike the Balafons)", + "lyrics_music": "Leopold Sedar SENGHOR/Herbert PEPPER", + "note": "adopted 1960; the lyrics were written by Leopold Sedar SENGHOR, Senegal's first president; the anthem is sometimes played incorporating the Koras (harp-like stringed instruments) and Balafons (types of xylophones) mentioned in the title" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Senegal relies heavily on donor assistance and foreign direct investment. The country's key export industries are phosphate mining, fertilizer production, and commercial fishing. The country is also working on iron ore and oil exploration projects. After seeing its economy contract by 2.1% in 1993, Senegal made an important turnaround, thanks to an economic reform program backed by the donor community, which led to real growth in GDP averaging over 5% annually during 1995-2007. Annual inflation was pushed down to the single digits. The global economic downturn reduced growth to 2.2% in 2009. The IMF completed a non-dispersing, Policy Support Initiative program in 2010 and approved a new three-year policy support instrument in December 2010 to assist with economic reforms. Senegal also receives disbursements from a $540 million Millennium Challenge Account for infrastructure and agriculture development. In 2012, the economy began to rebound after a weak 2011. The economy continues to suffer from unreliable power supply, which has led to public protests and high unemployment and has prompted migrants to flee Senegal in search of better job opportunities in Europe." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$27.01 billion (2012 est.); $26.09 billion (2011 est.); $25.42 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$13.86 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.5% (2012 est.); 2.6% (2011 est.); 4.3% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$2,100 (2012 est.); $2,000 (2011 est.); $2,000 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "16.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 17.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 21.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "80.2%", + "government_consumption": "6.9%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "25.5%", + "investment_in_inventories": "4.2%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "28.4%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-45.1% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "15.2%", + "industry": "22.6%", + "services": "62.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining; iron ore, zircon, and gold mining, construction materials, ship construction and repair" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.1% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "5.906 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "77.5%", + "industry_and_services": "22.5% (2007 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "48% (2007 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "54% (2001 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.5%", + "highest_10%": "30.1% (2005)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "41.3 (2001); 41.3 (1995)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$3.359 billion", + "expenditures": "$4.213 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "24.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-6.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "36.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 35.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "1.4% (2012 est.); 3.4% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "0.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "14.3% (31 December 2012 est.); 14.5% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$3.577 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.254 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$5.818 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$4.509 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.186 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$1.298 billion (2012 est.); -$1.685 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$2.382 billion (2012 est.); $2.413 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "fish, groundnuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Mali 14.4%, Switzerland 14.1%, India 11.9%, France 4.7%, Guinea 4.2% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$5.733 billion (2012 est.); $5.392 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "food and beverages, capital goods, fuels" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "France 16.2%, Nigeria 12.9%, India 6.3%, China 6.3%, UK 4.6% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$2.082 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.946 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$4.222 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.32 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "2.608 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "2.123 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "638,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "99.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "13,040 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "16,850 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "40,600 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "7,046 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "16,700 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "50 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "50 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "NA cu m" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "6.679 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "346,400 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "9.353 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "good system with microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system", + "domestic": "above-average urban system with a fiber-optic network; nearly two-thirds of all fixed-line connections are in Dakar where a call-center industry is emerging; expansion of fixed-line services in rural areas needed; mobile-cellular service is expanding rapidly", + "international": "country code - 221; the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic cable provides connectivity to Europe and Asia while Atlantis-2 provides connectivity to South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state-run Radiodiffusion Television Senegalaise (RTS) operates 2 TV stations; a few private TV subscription channels rebroadcast foreign channels without providing any local news or programs; RTS operates a national radio network and a number of regional FM stations; many community and private-broadcast radio stations are available; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible on FM in Dakar (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".sn" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "237 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "1.818 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "20 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "9", + "over_3_047_m": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "11", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "7", + "914_to_1_523_m": "3", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "gas 43 km; refined products 8 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "906 km", + "narrow_gauge": "906 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "14,008 km", + "paved": "4,099 km (includes 7 km of expressways)", + "unpaved": "9,909 km (2003)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "1,000 km (primarily on the Senegal, Saloum, and Casamance rivers) (2012)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "1", + "by_type": "passenger/cargo 1 (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Dakar" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Senegalese Armed Forces: Army, Senegalese National Navy (Marine Senegalaise, MNS), Senegalese Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Senegal) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; 20 years of age for selective conscript service; service obligation is 2 years; women have been accepted into military service since 2008 (2013)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,699,196", + "females_age_16_49": "3,018,565 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,788,493", + "females_age_16_49": "2,133,370 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "145,509", + "female": "145,064 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.6% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau attempt to stem separatist violence, cross border raids, and arms smuggling into their countries from Senegal's Casamance region, and in 2006, respectively accepted 6,000 and 10,000 Casamance residents fleeing the conflict; 2,500 Guinea-Bissau residents fled into Senegal in 2006 to escape armed confrontations along the border" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "13,702 (Mauritania) (2012)", + "idps": "10,000-40,000 (clashes between government troops and separatists in Casamance region) (2012)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/so-somalia.json b/africa/so-somalia.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..74b6604b --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/so-somalia.json @@ -0,0 +1,548 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Britain withdrew from British Somaliland in 1960 to allow its protectorate to join with Italian Somaliland and form the new nation of Somalia. In 1969, a coup headed by Mohamed SIAD Barre ushered in an authoritarian socialist rule characterized by the persecution, jailing, and torture of political opponents and dissidents. After the regime's collapse early in 1991, Somalia descended into turmoil, factional fighting, and anarchy. In May 1991, northern clans declared an independent Republic of Somaliland that now includes the administrative regions of Awdal, Woqooyi Galbeed, Togdheer, Sanaag, and Sool. Although not recognized by any government, this entity has maintained a stable existence and continues efforts to establish a constitutional democracy, including holding municipal, parliamentary, and presidential elections. The regions of Bari, Nugaal, and northern Mudug comprise a neighboring semi-autonomous state of Puntland, which has been self-governing since 1998 but does not aim at independence; it has also made strides toward reconstructing a legitimate, representative government but has suffered some civil strife. Puntland disputes its border with Somaliland as it also claims portions of eastern Sool and Sanaag. Beginning in 1993, a two-year UN humanitarian effort (primarily in the south) was able to alleviate famine conditions, but when the UN withdrew in 1995, having suffered significant casualties, order still had not been restored. In 2000, the Somalia National Peace Conference (SNPC) held in Djibouti resulted in the formation of an interim government, known as the Transitional National Government (TNG). When the TNG failed to establish adequate security or governing institutions, the Government of Kenya, under the auspices of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), led a subsequent peace process that concluded in October 2004 with the election of Abdullahi YUSUF Ahmed as President of a second interim government, known as the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of the Somali Republic. The TFG included a 275-member parliamentary body, known as the Transitional Federal Parliament (TFP). President YUSUF resigned late in 2008 while United Nations-sponsored talks between the TFG and the opposition Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia (ARS) were underway in Djibouti. In January 2009, following the creation of a TFG-ARS unity government, Ethiopian military forces, which had entered Somalia in December 2006 to support the TFG in the face of advances by the opposition Islamic Courts Union (ICU), withdrew from the country. The TFP was doubled in size to 550 seats with the addition of 200 ARS and 75 civil society members of parliament. The expanded parliament elected Sheikh SHARIF Sheikh Ahmed, the former ICU and ARS chairman as president in January 2009. The creation of the TFG was based on the Transitional Federal Charter (TFC), which outlined a five-year mandate leading to the establishment of a new Somali constitution and a transition to a representative government following national elections. In 2009, the TFP amended the TFC to extend TFG's mandate until 2011 and in 2011 Somali principals agreed to institute political transition by August 2012. The transition process ended in September 2012 when clan elders appointed 275 members to a new parliament replacing the TFP and the subsequent election, by parliament, of a new president." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "10 00 N, 49 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "637,657 sq km", + "land": "627,337 sq km", + "water": "10,320 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Texas" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "2,340 km", + "border_countries": "Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1,600 km, Kenya 682 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "3,025 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "principally desert; northeast monsoon (December to February), moderate temperatures in north and hot in south; southwest monsoon (May to October), torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Shimbiris 2,416 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt, natural gas, likely oil reserves" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "1.73%", + "permanent_crops": "0.05%", + "other": "98.23% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "2,000 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "14.7 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "3.3 cu km/yr (0%/0%/99%)", + "per_capita": "377.6 cu m/yr (2003)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "famine; use of contaminated water contributes to human health problems; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "strategic location on Horn of Africa along southern approaches to Bab el Mandeb and route through Red Sea and Suez Canal" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Somali(s)", + "adjective": "Somali" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Somali 85%, Bantu and other non-Somali 15% (including 30,000 Arabs)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Somali (official), Arabic (official, according to the Transitional Federal Charter), Italian, English" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Sunni Muslim (Islam) (official, according to the Transitional Federal Charter)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "10,251,568 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "this estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1975 by the Somali Government; population counting in Somalia is complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine and clan warfare" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "44.3% (male 2,270,282/female 2,273,506)", + "15_24_years": "18.9% (male 978,197/female 955,253)", + "25_54_years": "31% (male 1,643,803/female 1,538,723)", + "55_64_years": "3.5% (male 165,408/female 188,992)", + "65_years_and_over": "2.3% (male 93,434/female 143,970) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "100.1 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "94.4 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.7 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "17.7 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "17.7 years", + "male": "17.8 years", + "female": "17.6 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.67% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "41.45 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "14.22 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-10.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "37.7% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.79% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "MOGADISHU (capital) 1.353 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.84 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.66 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "1,000 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "101.91 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "110.74 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "92.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "51.19 years", + "male": "49.22 years", + "female": "53.23 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "6.17 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "14.6% (2006)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.04 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 66% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 29% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 34% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 71% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 52% of population; rural: 6% of population; total: 23% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 48% of population; rural: 94% of population; total: 77% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.7% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "34,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "1,600 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever, malaria, and Rift Valley fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "4.8% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "32.8% (2006)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "37.8%", + "male": "49.7%", + "female": "25.8% (2001 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "3 years", + "male": "3 years", + "female": "2 years (2007)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "1,148,265", + "percentage": "49 % (2006 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Federal Republic of Somalia", + "conventional_short_form": "Somalia", + "local_long_form": "Jamhuuriyadda Federaalkaa Soomaaliya", + "local_short_form": "Soomaaliya", + "former": "Somali Republic, Somali Democratic Republic" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "in the process of building a federated parliamentary republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Mogadishu", + "geographic_coordinates": "2 04 N, 45 20 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "18 regions (plural - NA, singular - gobolka); Awdal, Bakool, Banaadir, Bari, Bay, Galguduud, Gedo, Hiiraan, Jubbada Dhexe (Middle Jubba), Jubbada Hoose (Lower Jubba), Mudug, Nugaal, Sanaag, Shabeellaha Dhexe (Middle Shabeelle), Shabeellaha Hoose (Lower Shabeelle), Sool, Togdheer, Woqooyi Galbeed" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland that became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960 and Italian Somaliland that became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960 to form the Somali Republic)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Foundation of the Somali Republic, 1 July (1960); note - 26 June (1960) in Somaliland" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "Provisional Constitution for the Federal Republic of Somalia, approved by a constitutional assembly 1 August 2012", + "note": "the Constitution will become permanent after a referendum before the end of Parliament's first term (date to be determined)" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil law, Islamic law, and customary law (referred to as Xeer)" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President HASSAN SHEIKH Mahamud (since 10 September 2012)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Abdi Farrah SHIRDON Said (since 6 October 2012)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president approved by the National Parliament", + "elections": "president elected by the National Parliament; election last held 10 September 2012", + "election_results": "HASSAN SHEIKH Mahamud elected president; National Parliament vote - HASSAN SHEIKH Mahamud 190, Sheikh SHARIF Sheikh Ahmed 79; president chooses the prime minister, who is then elected by National Parliament" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral National Parliament consisting of the House of the People of the Federal Parliament (275 seats, elected by Somali citizens) and the Upper House of the Federal Parliament (54 seats, elected by people of the federal member states)", + "note": "the inaugural House of the People in September 2012 was appointed by clan elders; as of January 2013, the Upper House has not been formed" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Transitional Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 3 judges) note - under the terms of the 2004 Transitional National Charter (TNC), a Supreme Court based in Mogadishu and an Appeal Court were established; yet most regions have reverted to local forms of conflict resolution, either secular, traditional Somali customary law, or sharia Islamic law", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointed by the president upon proposal of the Judicial Service Council, a 9-member judicial and administrative body; judge tenure NA", + "subordinate_courts": "Transitional Appeal Court; regional and district courts; sharia (Islamic courts)" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "none" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "other": "numerous clan and sub-clan factions exist both in support and in opposition to the transitional government" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU (candidate), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, LAS, NAM, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "text": "Somalia does not have an embassy in the US (ceased operations on 8 May 1991); note - the Transitional Federal Government is represented in the US through its Permanent Mission to the UN" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Somalia; US interests are represented by the US Special Representative for Somalia, James C. Swan operating out of the US Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya at United Nations Avenue, Nairobi; mailing address: Unit 64100, Nairobi; APO AE 09831; telephone: [254] (20) 363-6000; FAX [254] (20) 363-6157" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "light blue with a large white five-pointed star in the center; the blue field was originally influenced by the flag of the UN, but today is said to denote the sky and the neighboring Indian Ocean; the five points of the star represent the five regions in the horn of Africa that are inhabited by Somali people: the former British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland (which together make up Somalia), Djibouti, Ogaden (Ethiopia), and the North East Province (Kenya)" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "leopard" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Soomaaliyeey toosoo\" (Somalia Wake Up)", + "lyrics_music": "Ali Mire AWALE and Yuusuf Xaaji Aadan Cilmi QABILLE", + "note": "adopted 2000; written in 1947, the lyrics speak of creating unity and an end to fighting" + }, + "government_note": { + "text": "regional and local governing bodies continue to exist and control various areas of the country, including the self-declared Republic of Somaliland in northwestern Somalia and the semi-autonomous State of Puntland in northeastern Somalia" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Despite the lack of effective national governance, Somalia has maintained a healthy informal economy, largely based on livestock, remittance/money transfer companies, and telecommunications. Agriculture is the most important sector with livestock normally accounting for about 40% of GDP and more than 50% of export earnings. Nomads and semi-pastoralists, who are dependent upon livestock for their livelihood, make up a large portion of the population. Livestock, hides, fish, charcoal, and bananas are Somalia's principal exports, while sugar, sorghum, corn, qat, and machined goods are the principal imports. Somalia's small industrial sector, based on the processing of agricultural products, has largely been looted and the machinery sold as scrap metal. Somalia''s service sector has grown. Telecommunication firms provide wireless services in most major cities and offer the lowest international call rates on the continent. In the absence of a formal banking sector, money transfer/remittance services have sprouted throughout the country, handling up to $1.6 billion in remittances annually. Mogadishu''s main market offers a variety of goods from food to the newest electronic gadgets. Hotels continue to operate and are supported with private-security militias. Somalia''s arrears to the IMF have continued to grow. Somalia''s capital city - Mogadishu - has enjoyed a rebirth following the departure of al-Shabaab in August 2011. Mogadishu has witnessed the development of the city''s first gas stations, supermarkets, and flights between Europe (Istanbul-Mogadishu) since the collapse of central authority in 1991. This economic growth has yet to expand outside of Mogadishu." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$5.896 billion (2010 est.); $5.75 billion (2009 est.); $5.607 billion (2008 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2010 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$2.372 billion (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.6% (2010 est.); 2.6% (2009 est.); 2.6% (2008 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$600 (2010 est.); $600 (2009 est.); $600 (2008 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "59.3%", + "industry": "7.2%", + "services": "33.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "bananas, sorghum, corn, coconuts, rice, sugarcane, mangoes, sesame seeds, beans; cattle, sheep, goats; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "a few light industries, including sugar refining, textiles, wireless communication" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "3.447 million (2007)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "71%", + "industry_and_services": "29% (1975)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$NA", + "expenditures": "$NA" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "NA%", + "note": "businesses print their own money, so inflation rates cannot be easily determined" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$515.8 million (2012 est.); $594.3 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "livestock, bananas, hides, fish, charcoal, scrap metal" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "UAE 50.8%, Yemen 19%, Oman 12.8% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$1.263 billion (2010 est.); $798 million (2006 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "manufactures, petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction materials, qat" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Djibouti 27.4%, India 12%, Kenya 7.2%, Pakistan 6.5%, China 6.1%, Egypt 5%, Oman 4.6%, UAE 4.5%, Yemen 4.4% (2012)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$3.05 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $2.942 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Somali shillings (SOS) per US dollar -; 1,600 (2012 est.)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "315 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "293 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "80,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "93.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "6.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "1,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "3,666 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "5,659 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "1,109 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "2,905 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "897,500 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "100,000 (2010)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "655,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "the public telecommunications system was almost completely destroyed or dismantled during the civil war; private companies offer limited local fixed-line service and private wireless companies offer service in most major cities while charging the lowest international rates on the continent", + "domestic": "local cellular telephone systems have been established in Mogadishu and in several other population centers with one company beginning to provide 3G services in late 2012", + "international": "country code - 252; Mogadishu is a landing point for the EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable system linking East Africa with Europe and North America (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "2 private TV stations rebroadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN; Somaliland has 1 government-operated TV station and Puntland has 1 private TV station; the transitional government operates Radio Mogadishu; 1 SW and roughly 10 private FM radio stations broadcast in Mogadishu; several radio stations operate in central and southern regions; Somaliland has 1 government-operated radio station; Puntland has roughly a half dozen private radio stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".so" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "186 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "106,000 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "61 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "6", + "over_3_047_m": "4", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "55", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "5", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "20", + "914_to_1_523_m": "23", + "under_914_m": "6 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "22,100 km", + "paved": "2,608 km", + "unpaved": "19,492 km (2000)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "1", + "by_type": "cargo 1 (2008)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Berbera, Kismaayo" + }, + "transportation_note": { + "text": "despite a dramatic drop in the number of attacks in 2012, the International Maritime Bureau continues to report the territorial and offshore waters in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean as a region of significant risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships accounting for 25% of all attacks in 2012; 75 vessels, including commercial shipping and pleasure craft, were attacked or hijacked both at anchor and while underway compared with 237 in 2011; the number of hijackings off the coast of Somalia was reduced to 14 in 2012, down from 28 in 2011; as of April 2013, 77 vessels and 7 hostages were being held for ransom by Somali pirates; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, have reduced piracy incidents in that body of water; in response Somali-based pirates, using hijacked fishing trawlers as \"mother ships\" to extend their range, shifted operations as far south as the Mozambique Channel, eastward to the vicinity of the Maldives, and northeastward to the Strait of Hormuz" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "National Security Force (NSF): Somali Army (2011)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,260,175", + "females_age_16_49": "2,159,293 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,331,894", + "females_age_16_49": "1,357,051 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "101,634", + "female": "101,072 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2005 est.)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist Courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; \"Somaliland\" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera to landlocked Ethiopia and have established commercial ties with other regional states; \"Puntland\" and \"Somaliland\" \"governments\" seek international support in their secessionist aspirations and overlapping border claims; the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo region; Kenya works hard to prevent the clan and militia fighting in Somalia from spreading south across the border, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "idps": "1.1 million (civil war since 1988, clan-based competition for resources; 2011 famine; insecurity because of fighting between al-Shabaab and TFG allied forces) (2012)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/st-st-sao-tome-n-principe.json b/africa/st-st-sao-tome-n-principe.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ce39ff08 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/st-st-sao-tome-n-principe.json @@ -0,0 +1,574 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with African plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. The country held its first free elections in 1991, but frequent internal wrangling between the various political parties precipitated repeated changes in leadership and two failed coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. In 2012, three opposition parties combined in a no confidence vote to bring down the majority government of former Prime Minister Patrice TROVOADA. The new government of Prime Minister Gabriel Arcanjo Ferreira DA COSTA is entirely composed of opposition party members with limited experience in governance. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea promises to attract increased attention to the small island nation." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, just north of the Equator, west of Gabon" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "1 00 N, 7 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "964 sq km", + "land": "964 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "more than five times the size of Washington, DC" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "209 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines", + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "volcanic, mountainous" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "fish, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "9.06%", + "permanent_crops": "40.62%", + "other": "50.31% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "97 sq km (2003)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are mountainous" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Sao Tomean(s)", + "adjective": "Sao Tomean" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Portuguese (official)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Catholic 70.3%, Evangelical 3.4%, New Apostolic 2%, Adventist 1.8%, other 3.1%, none 19.4% (2001 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "186,817 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "44% (male 41,791/female 40,381)", + "15_24_years": "19.6% (male 18,552/female 18,054)", + "25_54_years": "30% (male 27,448/female 28,667)", + "55_64_years": "3.4% (male 2,863/female 3,452)", + "65_years_and_over": "3% (male 2,550/female 3,059) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "81.8 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "75.6 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.1 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "16.3 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "17.6 years", + "male": "17.2 years", + "female": "18.1 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.94% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "36.05 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "7.68 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-8.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "62.7% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.01% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "SAO TOME (capital) 60,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.83 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.84 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "19.4", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2009 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "70 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "50.48 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "52.51 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "48.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "63.86 years", + "male": "62.61 years", + "female": "65.14 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4.81 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "38.4% (2008/09)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "7.2% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.49 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "2.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 89% of population; rural: 88% of population; total: 89% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 11% of population; rural: 12% of population; total: 11% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 30% of population; rural: 19% of population; total: 26% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 70% of population; rural: 81% of population; total: 74% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "9.5% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "14.4% (2009)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "69.5%", + "male": "80.3%", + "female": "60.1% (2008 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "11 years", + "male": "11 years", + "female": "11 years (2010)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "3,235", + "percentage": "8 % (2006 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe", + "conventional_short_form": "Sao Tome and Principe", + "local_long_form": "Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe", + "local_short_form": "Sao Tome e Principe" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Sao Tome", + "geographic_coordinates": "0 20 N, 6 44 E", + "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome", + "note": "Principe has had self government since 29 April 1995" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "12 July 1975 (from Portugal)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 12 July (1975)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "approved March 1990, effective 10 September 1990" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil law base on the Portuguese model and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Manuel Pinto DA COSTA (since 3 September 2011)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Gabriel Arcanjo Ferreira DA COSTA (since 12 December 2012)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 17 July and 7 August 2011 (next to be held in 2016); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president", + "election_results": "Manuel Pinto DA COSTA elected president in a run-off election; percent of vote - Manuel Pinto DA COSTA 52.9%, Evaristo CARVALHO 47.1%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 1 August 2010 (next to be held in 2014)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ADI 26, MLSTP-PSD 21, PCD 7, MDFM 1" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 5 judges, 3 of which are from the Supreme Court)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the president of the republic and elected by the National Assembly for 5-year terms", + "subordinate_courts": "Court of First Instance; Audit Court" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Force for Change Democratic Movement or MDFM [Tome Soares da VERA CRUZ]; Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Patrice TROVOADA]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Rafael BRANCO]; New Way Movement or NR; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Delfim NEVES]; Ue-Kedadji coalition; other small parties" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Association of Sao Tome and Principe NGOs or FONG", + "other": "the media" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CPLP, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Ovidio Manuel Barbosa PEQUENO", + "chancery": "1211 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20036", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 775-2075, 2076", + "fax": "[1] (202) 775-2077" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; green stands for the country's rich vegetation, red recalls the struggle for independence, and yellow represents cocoa, one of the country's main agricultural products; the two stars symbolize the two main islands", + "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Independencia total\" (Total Independence)", + "lyrics_music": "Alda Neves DA GRACA do Espirito Santo/Manuel dos Santos Barreto de Sousa e ALMEIDA", + "note": "adopted 1975" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "This small, poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence in 1975. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement. Sao Tome and Principe has to import fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food, making it vulnerable to fluctuations in global commodity prices. Over the years, it has had difficulty servicing its external debt and has relied heavily on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome and Principe benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program, which helped bring down the country's $300 million debt burden. In August 2005, the government signed on to a new 3-year IMF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) program worth $4.3 million. In April 2011 the country completed a Threshold Country Program with The Millennium Challenge Corporation to help increase tax revenues, reform customs, and improve the business environment. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Potential exists for the development of petroleum resources in Sao Tome and Principe's territorial waters in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea, which are being jointly developed in a 60-40 split with Nigeria, but any actual production is at least several years off. The first production licenses were sold in 2004, though a dispute over licensing with Nigeria delayed the country''s receipt of more than $20 million in signing bonuses for almost a year. Maintaining control of inflation, fiscal discipline, and increasing flows of foreign direct investment into the oil sector are the major economic problems facing the country." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$408.6 million (2012 est.); $392.1 million (2011 est.); $374.1 million (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$264 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "4% (2012 est.); 4.9% (2011 est.); 4.5% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$2,400 (2012 est.); $2,300 (2011 est.); $2,300 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "20.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 15.2% of GDP (2011 est.); -12.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "126.3%", + "government_consumption": "13.9%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "48.7%", + "investment_in_inventories": "-1.6%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "15.5%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-64.9% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "13.9%", + "industry": "19.5%", + "services": "66.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish processing, timber" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "5.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "52,490 (2007)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "note": "population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; shortages of skilled workers" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "66.2% (2009 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$105.5 million", + "expenditures": "$131.8 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "39.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-10% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "83.5% of GDP (2012 est.); 80.9% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "10.6% (2012 est.); 14.3% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "16% (31 December 2009); 28% (31 December 2008)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "26% (31 December 2012 est.); 26.75% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$38.63 million (31 December 2012 est.); $34.42 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$80.55 million (31 December 2012 est.); $82.39 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$94.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $90.89 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$85.1 million (2012 est.); -$77.6 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$11.7 million (2012 est.); $12.1 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Netherlands 32.7%, Belgium 21.4%, Spain 10.8%, Nigeria 5.7%, US 5% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$121.6 million (2012 est.); $119.6 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Portugal 63%, Gabon 6% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$51.58 million (31 December 2012 est.); $51.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$299.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $230.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "dobras (STD) per US dollar -; 19,068 (2012 est.); 17,623 (2011 est.); 18,499 (2010 est.); 16,209 (2009); 14,900 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "32 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "29.76 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "14,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "57.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "42.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "903.5 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "889 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "150,300 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "8,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "115,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "local telephone network of adequate quality with most lines connected to digital switches", + "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 65 telephones per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 239; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "1 government-owned TV station; 1 government-owned radio station; 3 independent local radio stations authorized in 2005 with 2 operating at the end of 2006; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".st" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "1,678 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "26,700 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "2 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "320 km", + "paved": "218 km", + "unpaved": "102 km (2000)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "3", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 1, cargo 2", + "foreign_owned": "2 (China 1, Greece 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Sao Tome" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Armed Forces of Sao Tome and Principe (Forcas Armadas de Sao Tome e Principe, FASTP): Army, Coast Guard of Sao Tome e Principe (Guarda Costeira de Sao Tome e Principe, GCSTP); also called \"Navy\"), Presidential Guard (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service; 17 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "39,182", + "females_age_16_49": "39,845 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "27,310", + "females_age_16_49": "29,279 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "2,076", + "female": "2,003 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.5% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "military_note": { + "text": "Sao Tome and Principe's army is a tiny force with almost no resources at its disposal and would be wholly ineffective operating unilaterally; infantry equipment is considered simple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment or replacement after 25 years in tropical climates; poor pay, working conditions, and alleged nepotism in the promotion of officers have been problems in the past, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003 coups; these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance aimed at improving the army and its focus on realistic security concerns; command is exercised from the president, through the Minister of Defense, to the Chief of the Armed Forces staff (2005)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "none" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/sz-swaziland.json b/africa/sz-swaziland.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a45f7880 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/sz-swaziland.json @@ -0,0 +1,583 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Autonomy for the Swazis of southern Africa was guaranteed by the British in the late 19th century; independence was granted in 1968. Student and labor unrest during the 1990s pressured King MSWATI III, Africa's last absolute monarch, to grudgingly allow political reform and greater democracy, although he has backslid on these promises in recent years. A constitution came into effect in 2006, but the legal status of political parties remains unclear. The African United Democratic Party tried unsuccessfully to register as an official political party in mid 2006. Talks over the constitution broke down between the government and progressive groups in 2007. Swaziland recently surpassed Botswana as the country with the world's highest known HIV/AIDS prevalence rate." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "26 30 S, 31 30 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "17,364 sq km", + "land": "17,204 sq km", + "water": "160 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than New Jersey" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "535 km", + "border_countries": "Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "varies from tropical to near temperate" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Great Usutu River 21 m", + "highest_point": "Emlembe 1,862 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "10.08%", + "permanent_crops": "0.86%", + "other": "89.06% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "498.5 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "4.51 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "1.04 cu km/yr (4%/2%/94%)", + "per_capita": "962.1 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "drought" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "limited supplies of potable water; wildlife populations being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil degradation; soil erosion" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Swazi(s)", + "adjective": "Swazi" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "African 97%, European 3%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official, used for government business), siSwati (official)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Zionist 40% (a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship), Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 10%, other (includes Anglican, Baha'i, Methodist, Mormon, Jewish) 30%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "1,403,362 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "36.9% (male 261,954/female 256,144)", + "15_24_years": "22.4% (male 158,947/female 155,421)", + "25_54_years": "32.7% (male 234,805/female 224,703)", + "55_64_years": "4.2% (male 23,287/female 35,900)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.7% (male 21,042/female 31,159) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "70.4 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "64.4 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.9 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "16.8 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "20.7 years", + "male": "20.4 years", + "female": "21.1 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.17% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "25.68 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "13.95 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "21.2% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.19% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "MBABANE (capital) 74,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.65 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.69 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "19.5 (2007 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "320 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "57.19 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "61.21 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "53.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "50.01 years", + "male": "50.44 years", + "female": "49.56 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.96 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "65.2% (2010)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "6.6% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.16 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "2.1 beds/1,000 population (2011)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 91% of population; rural: 65% of population; total: 71% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 9% of population; rural: 35% of population; total: 29% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 64% of population; rural: 55% of population; total: 57% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 36% of population; rural: 45% of population; total: 43% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "25.9% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "180,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "7,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_disease": "malaria", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "19.7% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "6.1% (2007)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "8.2% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "87.8%", + "male": "88.4%", + "female": "87.3% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "11 years", + "male": "12 years", + "female": "11 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "28,043", + "percentage": "9 % (2000 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Kingdom of Swaziland", + "conventional_short_form": "Swaziland", + "local_long_form": "Umbuso weSwatini", + "local_short_form": "eSwatini" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "monarchy" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Mbabane", + "geographic_coordinates": "26 19 S, 31 08 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "note": "Lobamba (royal and legislative capital)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "4 districts; Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "6 September 1968 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 6 September (1968)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "signed by the king July 2005; went into effect 8 February 2006" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil, common, and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso DLAMINI (since 23 October 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Themba Nhlanganiso MASUKU (since 2008)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet recommended by the prime minister and confirmed by the monarch", + "elections": "none; the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch from among the elected members of the House of Assembly" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Libandla consists of the Senate (30 seats; 10 members elected by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; members to serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats; 10 members appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; members to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "House of Assembly - last held on 19 September 2008 (next to be held on 20 September 2013)", + "election_results": "House of Assembly - balloting is done on a nonparty basis; candidates for election nominated by the local council of each constituency and for each constituency the three candidates with the most votes in the first round of voting are narrowed to a single winner by a second round" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "the Supreme Court of the Judicature comprising the Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and at least 5 justices) and the High Court (consists of the chief justice - ex officio - and at least 4 justices); note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction in all constitutional matters note - the national constitution as amended in 2006 shifted judicial power from the monarch and vested it exclusively in the judiciary", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices of the Supreme Court of the Judicature are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission or JCS, a judicial advisory body consisting of the Supreme Court Chief Justice, 4 members appointed by the monarch, and the JCS head; justices of both courts eligible for retirement at age 65 with mandatory retirement at age 75 for Supreme Court justices and at age 70 for High Court justices", + "subordinate_courts": "magistrates' courts; National Swazi Courts for administering customary/traditional law (jurisdiction restricted to customary law for Swazi citizens)" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "the status of political parties, previously banned, is unclear under the 2006 Constitution and currently being debated; the following are considered political associations; African United Democratic Party or AUDP [Stanley MAUNDZISA, president]; Imbokodvo National Movement or INM; Ngwane National Liberatory Congress or NNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Swaziland Democracy Campaign; Swaziland Federation of Trade Unions; Swaziland Solidarity Network or SSN" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Abednigo Mandla NTSHANGASE", + "chancery": "1712 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 234-5002", + "fax": "[1] (202) 234-8254" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Makila JAMES", + "embassy": "7th Floor, Central Bank Building, Mahlokohla St., Mbabane", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 199, Mbabane", + "telephone": "[268] 404-6441", + "fax": "[268] 404-5959" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally; blue stands for peace and stability, red represents past struggles, and yellow the mineral resources of the country; the shield, spears, and staff symbolize protection from the country's enemies, while the black and white of the shield are meant to portray black and white people living in peaceful coexistence" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "lion; elephant" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati\" (Oh God, Bestower of the Blessings of the Swazi)", + "lyrics_music": "Andrease Enoke Fanyana SIMELANE/David Kenneth RYCROFT", + "note": "adopted 1968; the anthem uses elements of both ethnic Swazi and Western music styles" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Surrounded by South Africa, except for a short border with Mozambique, Swaziland depends heavily on South Africa from which it receives more than 90% of its imports and to which it sends 60% of its exports. Swaziland's currency is pegged to the South African rand, effectively subsuming Swaziland's monetary policy to South Africa. The government is heavily dependent on customs duties from the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), and worker remittances from South Africa supplement domestically earned income. Subsistence agriculture employs approximately 70% of the population. The manufacturing sector has diversified since the mid-1980s. Sugar and wood pulp were major foreign exchange earners; however, the wood pulp producer closed in January 2010, and sugar is now the main export earner. Mining has declined in importance in recent years with only coal and quarry stone mines remaining active. Customs revenues plummeted due to the global economic crisis and a drop in South African imports. The resulting decline in revenue has pushed the country into a fiscal crisis. Swaziland is looking to other countries, including South Africa, for assistance, but continues to struggle to meet its monthly payroll and fund government programs. With an estimated 40% unemployment rate, Swaziland''s need to increase the number and size of small and medium enterprises and attract foreign direct investment is acute. Overgrazing, soil depletion, drought, and floods persist as problems for the future. More than one-fourth of the population needed emergency food aid in 2006-07 because of drought, and more than one-quarter of the adult population has been infected by HIV/AIDS." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$6.345 billion (2012 est.); $6.441 billion (2011 est.); $6.424 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$3.751 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "-1.5% (2012 est.); 0.3% (2011 est.); 1.9% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$5,900 (2012 est.); $6,000 (2011 est.); $6,100 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "7.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 0.6% of GDP (2011 est.); -2.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "85.5%", + "government_consumption": "23.3%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "10.3%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "51.7%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-70.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "7.8%", + "industry": "45.1%", + "services": "47.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "sugarcane, cotton, corn, tobacco, rice, citrus, pineapples, sorghum, peanuts; cattle, goats, sheep" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "coal, wood pulp, sugar, soft drink concentrates, textiles and apparel" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.3% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "457,900 (2007)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "70%", + "industry": "NA%", + "services": "NA%" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "40% (2006 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "69% (2006)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "1.7%", + "highest_10%": "40.1% (2010 est.)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "50.4 (2001)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$1.451 billion", + "expenditures": "$1.438 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "38.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "0.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 April - 31 March" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "9.4% (2012 est.); 6.1% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 6.5% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "8.75% (31 December 2012 est.); 9% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$403.3 million (31 December 2012 est.); $355.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$1.106 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.087 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$762.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $948.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$203.1 million (31 December 2007); $203.1 million (31 December 2007)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$3.8 million (2012 est.); -$280.9 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$2.005 billion (2012 est.); $2.011 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "soft drink concentrates, sugar, wood pulp, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus and canned fruit" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$2.152 billion (2012 est.); $2.108 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$741 million (31 December 2012 est.); $600.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$609.8 million (31 December 2012 est.); $604.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "emalangeni per US dollar -; 8.2031 (2012 est.); 7.2597 (2011 est.); 7.3212 (2010 est.); 8.42 (2009); 7.75 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "450 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "1.175 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "597 million kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "130,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "67.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "32.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "4,567 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "4,898 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "1.113 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "75,800 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "766,500 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "a somewhat modern but not an advanced system", + "domestic": "single source for mobile-cellular service with a geographic coverage of about 90% and a rising subscribership base; combined fixed-line and mobile cellular teledensity roughly 60 telephones per 100 persons in 2011; telephone system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines and low-capacity, microwave radio relay", + "international": "country code - 268; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2009)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state-owned TV station; satellite dishes are able to access South African providers; state-owned radio network with 3 channels; 1 private radio station (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".sz" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "2,744 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "90,100 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "14 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "2", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "12", + "914_to_1_523_m": "5", + "under_914_m": "7 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "301 km", + "narrow_gauge": "301 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "3,594 km", + "paved": "1,078 km", + "unpaved": "2,516 km (2002)" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force (USDF): Ground Force (includes Air Wing) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-30 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; compulsory HIV testing required, only HIV-negative applicants accepted (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "344,038 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "201,853", + "females_age_16_49": "175,477 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "16,168", + "female": "15,763 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "2.6% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "in 2006, Swazi king advocated resorting to ICJ to claim parts of Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal from South Africa" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/td-chad.json b/africa/td-chad.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7fee84ef --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/td-chad.json @@ -0,0 +1,605 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare, as well as invasions by Libya, before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which has sporadically flared up despite several peace agreements between the government and the insurgents. In 2005, new rebel groups emerged in western Sudan and made probing attacks into eastern Chad despite signing peace agreements in December 2006 and October 2007. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits and won another controversial election in 2006. Sporadic rebel campaigns continued throughout 2006 and 2007. The capital experienced a significant insurrection in early 2008, but has had no significant rebel threats since then, in part due to Chad's 2010 rapprochement with Sudan, which previously used Chadian rebels as proxies. DEBY in 2011 was reelected to his fourth term in an election that international observers described as proceeding without incident. Power remains in the hands of an ethnic minority." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central Africa, south of Libya" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "15 00 N, 19 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "1.284 million sq km", + "land": "1,259,200 sq km", + "water": "24,800 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly more than three times the size of California" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "5,968 km", + "border_countries": "Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical in south, desert in north" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Djourab 160 m", + "highest_point": "Emi Koussi 3,415 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "3.82%", + "permanent_crops": "0.02%", + "other": "96.16% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "302.7 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "43 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.88 cu km/yr (12%/12%/76%)", + "per_capita": "84.81 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Chadian(s)", + "adjective": "Chadian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Sara 27.7%, Arab 12.3%, Mayo-Kebbi 11.5%, Kanem-Bornou 9%, Ouaddai 8.7%, Hadjarai 6.7%, Tandjile 6.5%, Gorane 6.3%, Fitri-Batha 4.7%, other 6.4%, unknown 0.3% (1993 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Muslim 53.1%, Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.2%, animist 7.3%, other 0.5%, unknown 1.7%, atheist 3.1% (1993 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "11,193,452 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "45.2% (male 2,565,613/female 2,494,020)", + "15_24_years": "20.4% (male 1,107,121/female 1,178,946)", + "25_54_years": "27.6% (male 1,393,498/female 1,693,233)", + "55_64_years": "3.9% (male 188,558/female 242,559)", + "65_years_and_over": "2.9% (male 137,590/female 192,314) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "103.3 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "98.4 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.9 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "20.4 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "17 years", + "male": "15.9 years", + "female": "18.1 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.95% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "37.99 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "14.85 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-3.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "21.8% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "N'DJAMENA (capital) 1.079 million (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.82 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.78 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.72 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.93 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "18.2 (2004 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "1,100 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "91.94 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "97.64 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "86.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "49.07 years", + "male": "47.95 years", + "female": "50.22 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4.8 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "4.8% (2010)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "4.5% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.04 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.43 beds/1,000 population (2005)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 70% of population; rural: 44% of population; total: 51% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 30% of population; rural: 56% of population; total: 49% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 30% of population; rural: 6% of population; total: 13% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 70% of population; rural: 94% of population; total: 87% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "3.4% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "210,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "11,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "2.7% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "33.9% (2004)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "2.9% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic", + "total_population": "35.4%", + "male": "45.6%", + "female": "25.4% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "8 years", + "male": "10 years", + "female": "6 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "1,475,960", + "percentage": "48 % (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Chad", + "conventional_short_form": "Chad", + "local_long_form": "Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad", + "local_short_form": "Tchad/Tshad" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "N'Djamena", + "geographic_coordinates": "12 06 N, 15 02 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "22 regions (regions, singular - region); Barh el Gazel, Batha, Borkou, Chari-Baguirmi, Ennedi, Guera, Hadjer-Lamis, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Kebbi Est, Mayo-Kebbi Ouest, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile, Tibesti, Ville de N'Djamena, Wadi Fira" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "11 August 1960 (from France)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 11 August (1960)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "passed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum removed constitutional term limits" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno (since 4 December 1990)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Djimrangar DADNADJI (since 21 January 2013)", + "cabinet": "Council of State; members are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last election held on 25 April 2011 (next to be held by 2016); prime minister appointed by the president", + "election_results": "Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 83.6%, Albert Pahimi PADACKE 8.6%, Nadji MADOU 7.8%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (188 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", + "elections": "National Assembly - last held on 13 February 2011 (next to be held by 2015); note - legislative elections, originally scheduled for 2006, were first delayed by National Assembly action and subsequently by an accord, signed in August 2007, between government and opposition parties", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ART 133, UNDR 11, others 44" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 15 judges or councilors and divided into 3 chambers); Constitutional Council (consists of 3 judges and 6 jurists)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court chief justice selected by the president; councilors - 8 designated by the president and 7 by the speaker of the National Assembly; chief justice and councilors appointed for life; Constitutional Council judges - 2 appointed by the president and 1 by the speaker of the National Assembly; jurists - 3 each by the president and by the speaker of the National Assembly; judges term NA", + "subordinate_courts": "High Court of Justice; Courts of Appeal; tribunals; justices of the peace" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Alliance for the Renaissance of Chad or ART, an alliance among the ruling MPS, RDP, and Viva-RNDP; Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR]; National Rally for Development and Progress or Viva-RNDP [Delwa Kassire KOUMAKOYE]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]; Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ibni Oumar Mahamat SALEH]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lol Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "rebel groups" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Maitine DJOUMBE", + "chancery": "2401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 462-4009", + "fax": "[1] (202) 265-1937" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mark M. BOULWARE", + "embassy": "Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena", + "mailing_address": "B. P. 413, N'Djamena", + "telephone": "[235] 2251-70-09", + "fax": "[235] 2251-56-54" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the flag combines the blue and red French (former colonial) colors with the red and yellow of the Pan-African colors; blue symbolizes the sky, hope, and the south of the country, which is relatively well-watered; yellow represents the sun, as well as the desert in the north of the country; red stands for progress, unity, and sacrifice", + "note": "similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "goat (north); lion (south)" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"La Tchadienne\" (The Chadian)", + "lyrics_music": "Louis GIDROL and his students/Paul VILLARD", + "note": "adopted 1960" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major foreign direct investment projects in the oil sector that began in 2000. Economic conditions have been positive in recent years, with real GDP growth reaching 13% in 2010 because of high international prices for oil and a strong local harvest. GDP growth for 2012 was 5%. However, Chad's investment climate remains challenging due to limited infrastructure, a lack of trained workers, extensive government bureaucracy, and corruption. At least 80% of Chad's population relies on subsistence farming and livestock raising for its livelihood. The government of Chad is determined to improve agricultural production through modernization and mechanization over the next three years, and hosted a national Rural Development Forum in 2012 to promote investment in agriculture. Chad's economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. Remittances are also an important source of income. The Libyan conflict disrupted inflows of remittances to Chad's impoverished western region that relies on income from Chadians living in Libya. A consortium led by two US companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves - estimated at 1.5 billion barrels - in southern Chad. Chinese companies are also expanding exploration efforts and have completed a 311-km pipeline and the country's first refinery. The nation's total oil reserves are estimated at 1.5 billion barrels. Oil production came on stream in late 2003. Chad began to export oil in 2004. Cotton, cattle, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$21 billion (2012 est.); $19.99 billion (2011 est.); $19.89 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$10.81 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "5% (2012 est.); 0.5% (2011 est.); 13% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$2,000 (2012 est.); $1,900 (2011 est.); $1,900 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "28% of GDP (2012 est.); 30.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 27.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "66.5%", + "government_consumption": "11.9%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "31.9%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.7%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "41%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-52.1% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "47.1%", + "industry": "9.2%", + "services": "43.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "10.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "4.293 million (2007)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "80% (2006 est.)", + "industry_and_services": "20% (2006 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "80% (2001 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.6%", + "highest_10%": "30.8% (2003)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$2.748 billion", + "expenditures": "$2.979 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "25.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-2.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "33.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 43.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "10.2% (2012 est.); -4.9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "4.25% (31 December 2009); 4.75% (31 December 2008)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "15.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 15% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$1.499 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.235 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$1.642 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.335 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$785.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $553.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$1.965 billion (2012 est.); -$2.386 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$4.144 billion (2012 est.); $4.306 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "oil, cattle, cotton, gum arabic" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 82.5%, China 6.7% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$2.761 billion (2012 est.); $2.696 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 19.8%, Cameroon 19.7%, France 15.8%, Saudi Arabia 5.4%, US 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$1.174 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $968.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$1.793 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.821 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "; $4.5 billion (2006 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "95 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "88.35 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "31,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "123,700 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "115,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "1.5 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "1,817 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "1,754 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "290,900 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "31,200 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "3.666 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "inadequate system of radiotelephone communication stations with high costs and low telephone density", + "domestic": "fixed-line connections for less than 1 per 100 persons coupled with mobile-cellular subscribership base of only about 35 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "1 state-owned TV station; state-owned radio network, Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne (RNT), operates national and regional stations; about 10 private radio stations; some stations rebroadcast programs from international broadcasters (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".td" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "6 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "168,100 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "59 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "9", + "over_3_047_m": "2", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "4", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "50", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "14", + "914_to_1_523_m": "22", + "under_914_m": "11 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "oil 582 km (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "40,000 km", + "note": "consists of 25,000 km of national and regional roads and 15,000 km of local roads; 206 km of urban roads are paved (2011)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "(Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season) (2012)" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale du Tchad, ANT): Ground Forces (l'Armee de Terre, AdT), Chadian Air Force (l'Armee de l'Air Tchadienne, AAT), National Gendarmerie, National and Nomadic Guard of Chad (GNNT) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "20 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service, with a 3-year service obligation; 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a parent or guardian; women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age of 21 (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,090,244", + "females_age_16_49": "2,441,321 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,183,242", + "females_age_16_49": "1,395,811 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "128,723", + "female": "128,244 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.6% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "since 2003, ad hoc armed militia groups and the Sudanese military have driven hundreds of thousands of Darfur residents into Chad; Chad wishes to be a helpful mediator in resolving the Darfur conflict, and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force with Sudan, which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "306,960 (Sudan) (2012); 83,751 (Central African Republic) (2013)", + "idps": "90,000 (majority are in the east) (2012)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Chad is a source, transit, and destination country for children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; the trafficking problem is mainly internal and frequently involves family members entrusting children to relatives or intermediaries in return for promises of education, apprenticeships, goods, or money; child trafficking victims are subjected to involuntary domestic servitude, forced cattle herding, forced begging, involuntary agricultural labor, or commercial sexual exploitation; some Chadian girls who travel to larger towns in search of work are forced into prostitution; in 2012, Chadian children were identified in some government military training centers and among rebel groups", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Chad does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has made a limited commitment to increased anti-trafficking law enforcement but continues to lack formal victim identification procedures; draft revisions to Chad's penal code that would prohibit child trafficking and provide protection for victims were not enacted for the third consecutive year; the government continues its nationwide campaign on human rights issues, including human trafficking, and high-ranking officials, such as the president and prime minister, are speaking out publicly against human trafficking (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/tg-togo.json b/africa/tg-togo.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e5e4e9ad --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/tg-togo.json @@ -0,0 +1,599 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, ruled Togo with a heavy hand for almost four decades. Despite the facade of multi-party elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government was largely dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967 and maintains a majority of seats in today's legislature. Upon EYADEMA's death in February 2005, the military installed the president's son, Faure GNASSINGBE, and then engineered his formal election two months later. Democratic gains since then allowed Togo to hold its first relatively free and fair legislative elections in October 2007. After years of political unrest and condemnation from international organizations for human rights abuses, Togo is finally being re-welcomed into the international community. In January 2012, Togo assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2012-13 term." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "8 00 N, 1 10 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "56,785 sq km", + "land": "54,385 sq km", + "water": "2,400 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than West Virginia" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "1,647 km", + "border_countries": "Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "56 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "30 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Mont Agou 986 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "44.2%", + "permanent_crops": "3.7%", + "other": "52.1% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "73 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "14.7 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.17 cu km/yr (63%/3%/34%)", + "per_capita": "33.46 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Togolese (singular and plural)", + "adjective": "Togolese" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "French (official, the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Christian 29%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs 51%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "7,154,237 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "40.8% (male 1,461,606/female 1,453,846)", + "15_24_years": "20% (male 712,388/female 715,702)", + "25_54_years": "31.9% (male 1,132,912/female 1,148,103)", + "55_64_years": "4.2% (male 140,800/female 157,769)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.2% (male 100,247/female 130,864) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "80.5 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "75.5 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "20.1 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "19.5 years", + "male": "19.2 years", + "female": "19.7 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.73% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "34.9 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "7.6 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "38% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "LOME (capital) 1.593 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.89 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.77 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "20 (1998 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "300 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "48.28 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "55.03 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "41.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "63.62 years", + "male": "61.07 years", + "female": "66.24 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "4.58 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "15.2% (2010)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "7.7% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.05 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 89% of population; rural: 40% of population; total: 61% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 11% of population; rural: 60% of population; total: 39% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 26% of population; rural: 3% of population; total: 13% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 74% of population; rural: 97% of population; total: 87% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "3.2% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "120,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "7,700 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever", + "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies", + "note": "highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds \r\n (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "4.3% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "20.5% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "4.6% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "60.4%", + "male": "74.1%", + "female": "48% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "12.9 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "774,801", + "percentage": "47 % (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Togolese Republic", + "conventional_short_form": "Togo", + "local_long_form": "Republique Togolaise", + "local_short_form": "none", + "former": "French Togoland" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Lome", + "geographic_coordinates": "6 07 N, 1 13 E", + "time_difference": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "5 regions (regions, singular - region); Centrale, Kara, Maritime, Plateaux, Savanes" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 27 April (1960)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "customary law system" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 4 May 2005);", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Kwesi Seleagodji AHOOMEY-ZUNU (since 23 July 2012)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 4 March 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president", + "election_results": "Faure GNASSINGBE reelected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE 60.9%, Jean-Pierre FABRE 33.9%, Yawovi AGBOYIBO 3%, other 2.2%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (91 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 25 July 2013 (next to be held in 2018)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNIR 62, CST 19, Rainbow Alliance 6, UFC 3, independents 1" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into the Criminal Chamber and the Administrative Chamber, each with a chamber president and advisors); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges including the court president)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court president appointed by decree of the president of the republic upon the proposal of the Supreme Council of the Magistracy, a 9-member judicial, advisory, and disciplinary body; other judge appointments and judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA", + "subordinate_courts": "Court of Assizes (sessions court); appeals courts; tribunals of first instance (divided into civil, commercial, and correctional chambers; Court of State Security; military tribunal" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]; Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA; Movement of the Believers of Peace and Equality or MOCEP; National Alliance for Change or ANC [Jean-Pierre FABRE]; Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]; Rainbow Alliance (a colalition including: CAR and CDPA) [Brigitte Adjamagbo JOHNSON]; Rally for the Support for Development and Democracy or RSDD [Harry OLYMPIO]; Save Togo Collective or CST (a coalition including: ANC and PSR) [Ata Messan Zeus AJAVON; Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU]; Union for the Republic or UNIR [Faure GNASSINGBE]; Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Limbiye Edawa Kadangha BARIKI", + "chancery": "2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 234-4212", + "fax": "[1] (202) 232-3190" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Robert E. WHITEHEAD", + "embassy": "4332 Blvd. Gnassingbe Eyadema, Cite OUA, Lome", + "mailing_address": "B. P. 852, Lome; 2300 Lome Place, Washington, DC 20521-2300", + "telephone": "[228] 2261-5470", + "fax": "[228] 2261-5501" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; a white five-pointed star on a red square is in the upper hoist-side corner; the five horizontal stripes stand for the five different regions of the country; the red square is meant to express the loyalty and patriotism of the people; green symbolizes hope, fertility, and agriculture; yellow represents mineral wealth and faith that hard work and strength will bring prosperity; the star symbolizes life, purity, peace, dignity, and Togo's independence", + "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Salut a toi, pays de nos aieux\" (Hail to Thee, Land of Our Forefathers)", + "lyrics_music": "Alex CASIMIR-DOSSEH", + "note": "adopted 1960, restored 1992; this anthem was replaced by another during one-party rule between 1979 and 1992" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "This small, sub-Saharan economy depends heavily on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for a significant share of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is among the world's largest producers of phosphate and Togo seeks to develop its carbonate phosphate reserves. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Progress depends on follow through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors. Foreign direct investment inflows have slowed over recent years. Togo completed its IMF Extended Credit Facility in 2011 and reached a HIPC debt relief completion point in 2010 at which 95% of the country''s debt was forgiven. Togo continues to work with the IMF on structural reforms." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$7.024 billion (2012 est.); $6.688 billion (2011 est.); $6.377 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$3.685 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "5% (2012 est.); 4.9% (2011 est.); 4% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,100 (2012 est.); $1,100 (2011 est.); $1,100 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "14.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 16.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 11.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "88.8%", + "government_consumption": "12.3%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "25.4%", + "investment_in_inventories": "-0.2%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "39.3%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-66.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "28.2%", + "industry": "33.9%", + "services": "37.9% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (manioc), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "5.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "2.595 million (2007)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "65%", + "industry": "5%", + "services": "30% (1998 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "32% (1989 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "3.3%", + "highest_10%": "27.1% (2006)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$764.1 million", + "expenditures": "$906.1 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "20.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-3.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "2.6% (2012 est.); 3.6% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "2.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$1.057 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $981.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$1.534 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.635 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$1.471 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.193 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$418.4 million (2012 est.); -$302.7 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$987.1 million (2012 est.); $1.031 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "India 13.7%, Lebanon 10.5%, Burkina Faso 8%, Benin 7.9%, Niger 6%, China 5.8%, Netherlands 4.9%, Ghana 4.6% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$1.541 billion (2012 est.); $1.494 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 41.2%, Netherlands 8%, France 5.5%, UK 5.4% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$441.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $774.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$NA (31 December 2012 est.); $643.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "123 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "651 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "683 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "85,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "21.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "78.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "28,670 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "6,829 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "3.166 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "240,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "3.105 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile-cellular system", + "domestic": "microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 50 telephones per 100 persons with mobile-cellular use predominating", + "international": "country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Symphonie (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "2 state-owned TV stations with multiple transmission sites; 5 private TV stations broadcast locally; cable TV service is available; state-owned radio network with multiple stations; several dozen private radio stations and a few community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".tg" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "1,168 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "356,300 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "8 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "2", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "6", + "914_to_1_523_m": "4", + "under_914_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "568 km", + "narrow_gauge": "568 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "7,520 km", + "paved": "2,376 km", + "unpaved": "5,144 km (2000)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "50 km (seasonally navigable by small craft on the Mono River depending on rainfall) (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "61", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 6, cargo 38, carrier 3, chemical tanker 5, container 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1", + "foreign_owned": "21 (China 1, Lebanon 6, Romania 1, Syria 6, Turkey 4, UAE 1, US 1, Yemen 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Kpeme, Lome" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Togolese Armed Forces (Forces Armees Togolaise, FAT): Togolese Army (l'Armee de Terre), Togolese Navy (Forces Naval Togolaises), Togolese Air Force (Force Aerienne Togolaise, TAF), National Gendarmerie (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; 2-year service obligation (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,577,572", + "females_age_16_49": "1,589,715 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,104,536", + "females_age_16_49": "1,158,061 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "74,036", + "female": "73,515 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.9% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "in 2001, Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary; in 2006, 14,000 Togolese refugees remain in Benin and Ghana out of the 40,000 who fled there in 2005; talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "17,371 (Ghana); 5,593 (Cote d'Ivoire) (2012)", + "idps": "undetermined (2012)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/tn-tunisia.json b/africa/tn-tunisia.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..960d136d --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/tn-tunisia.json @@ -0,0 +1,606 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Rivalry between French and Italian interests in Tunisia culminated in a French invasion in 1881 and the creation of a protectorate. Agitation for independence in the decades following World War I was finally successful in getting the French to recognize Tunisia as an independent state in 1956. The country's first president, Habib BOURGUIBA, established a strict one-party state. He dominated the country for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women unmatched by any other Arab nation. In November 1987, BOURGUIBA was removed from office and replaced by Zine el Abidine BEN ALI in a bloodless coup. Street protests that began in Tunis in December 2010 over high unemployment, corruption, widespread poverty, and high food prices escalated in January 2011, culminating in rioting that led to hundreds of deaths. On 14 January 2011, the same day BEN ALI dismissed the government, he fled the country, and by late January 2011, a \"national unity government\" was formed. Elections for the new Constituent Assembly were held in late October 2011, and in December, it elected human rights activist Moncef MARZOUKI as interim president. The Assembly began drafting a new constitution in February 2012, and released a second working draft in December 2012. The interim government has proposed presidential and parliamentary elections be held in 2013." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "34 00 N, 9 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "163,610 sq km", + "land": "155,360 sq km", + "water": "8,250 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly larger than Georgia" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "1,424 km", + "border_countries": "Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "1,148 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "12 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Shatt al Gharsah -17 m", + "highest_point": "Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "17.35%", + "permanent_crops": "14.63%", + "other": "68.02% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "3,970 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "4.6 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "2.85 cu km/yr (14%/4%/82%)", + "per_capita": "295.8 cu m/yr (2001)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "toxic and hazardous waste disposal is ineffective and poses health risks; water pollution from raw sewage; limited natural freshwater resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Marine Life Conservation" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "strategic location in central Mediterranean; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Tunisian(s)", + "adjective": "Tunisian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Arabic (official, one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce), Berber (Tamazight)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Muslim (Islam - official) 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish and other 1%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "10,835,873 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "23% (male 1,286,781/female 1,206,678)", + "15_24_years": "16.5% (male 899,534/female 890,909)", + "25_54_years": "44.7% (male 2,356,154/female 2,484,023)", + "55_64_years": "8.1% (male 442,983/female 429,767)", + "65_years_and_over": "7.7% (male 411,590/female 427,454) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "43.6 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "33.3 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "10.3 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "9.7 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "31 years", + "male": "30.5 years", + "female": "31.3 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.95% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "17.12 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-1.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "66.3% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.34% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "TUNIS (capital) 759,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.07 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.96 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "56 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "24.07 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "27.59 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "20.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "75.46 years", + "male": "73.4 years", + "female": "77.66 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.01 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "63% (2012)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "6.2% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "1.19 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "2.1 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 84% of population; total: 94% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 16% of population; total: 6% of population (2008 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 64% of population; total: 85% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 36% of population; total: 15% of population (2008 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "less than 0.1% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "2,400 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "22.3% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "3.3% (2006)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "6.2% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "79.1%", + "male": "87.4%", + "female": "71.1% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "15 years", + "male": "14 years", + "female": "15 years (2011)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "30.7%", + "male": "31.4%", + "female": "29.3% (2005)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Tunisian Republic", + "conventional_short_form": "Tunisia", + "local_long_form": "Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah", + "local_short_form": "Tunis" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Tunis", + "geographic_coordinates": "36 48 N, 10 11 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "24 governorates (wilayat, singular - wilayah); Ariana (Aryanah), Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Kef (Al Kaf), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Manouba (Manubah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bou Zid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan)" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "20 March 1956 (from France)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 20 March (1956); Revolution and Youth Day, 14 January (2011)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "note - the Constituent Assembly formed in October 2011 and charged with writing a new constitution completed a draft in April 2013" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil law, based on the French civil code, and Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal except for active government security forces (including the police and the military), people with mental disabilities, people who have served more than three months in prison (criminal cases only), and people given a suspended sentence of more than six months" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "note": "Tunisia's interim government was appointed in December 2011 and will remain in power pending drafting of a new constitution and holding of general elections in 2013", + "chief_of_state": "President Moncef MARZOUKI (since 12 December 2011)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Ali LAAREYDH (since 27 February 2013)", + "cabinet": "selected by the prime minister and approved by the Constituent Assembly", + "elections": "president elected by Constituent Assembly; election last held on 12 December 2011(next to be held in 2013); prime minister appointed by the president", + "election_results": "President MARZOUKI elected by Constituent Assembly with 153 of 156 votes" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral Constituent Assembly (217 seats); note - the legislative role of the Constituent Assembly remains unclear", + "elections": "initial election of 217 Constituent Assembly members held on 23 October 2011 (next to be held on 23 June 2013)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - al-Nahda 89, CPR 29, Popular Petition 26, FDTL 20, PDP 16, PDM 5, The Initiative 5, Afek Tounes 4, PCOT 3, other minor parties each with fewer than three seats 20" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (organized into civil and criminal chambers and consists of NA judges) note - drafting of a new constitution was begun in February 2012", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges nominated by the Higher Magistracy Council (also called the Superior Council of the Judiciary), a 7-member body of judges and prosecutors; judges appointed by presidential decree; judge tenure NA", + "subordinate_courts": "Administrative Court; Courts of Appeal; Housing Court; courts of first instance; lower district courts; military courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Afek Tounes [Emna MINF]; Alliance for Tunisia (a coalition of Tunisia's Call [Beji Caid ESSEBSI], Republican Party [Maya JRIBI and Najib CHBBI],Democratic Path [Ahmed BRAHIM]); al-Nahda (The Renaissance) [Rachid GHANNOUCHI]; Congress Party for the Republic or CPR [Moncef MARZOUKI]; Democratic Forum for Labor and Liberties or FDTL (Ettakatol) [Mustapha Ben JAAFAR]; Democratic Modernist Pole or PDM (a coalition); Democratic Socialist Movement or MDS; Et-Tajdid Movement [Ahmed IBRAHIM]; Green Party for Progress or PVP [Mongi KHAMASSI]; Liberal Social Party or PSL [Mondher THABET]; Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS [Ismail BOULAHYA]; Popular Petition (Aridha Chaabia) [Hachemi HAMDI]; Popular Unity Party or PUP [Mohamed BOUCHIHA]; Progressive Democratic Party or PDP [Maya JERIBI]; The Initiative [Kamel MORJANE] (formerly the Constitutional Democratic Rally or RCD); Tunisian Workers' Communist Party or PCOT [Hamma HAMMAMI]; Unionist Democratic Union or UDU [Ahmed INOUBLI]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "18 October Group [collective leadership]; Tunisian League for Human Rights or LTDH [Mokhtar TRIFI]" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Kais DARRAGI", + "chancery": "1515 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 862-1850", + "fax": "[1] (202) 862-1858" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jake WALLES", + "embassy": "Zone Nord-Est des Berges du Lac Nord de Tunis 1053", + "mailing_address": "use embassy street address", + "telephone": "[216] 71 107-000", + "fax": "[216] 71 963-263" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; resembles the Ottoman flag (red banner with white crescent and star) and recalls Tunisia's history as part of the Ottoman Empire; red represents the blood shed by martyrs in the struggle against oppression, white stands for peace; the crescent and star are traditional symbols of Islam", + "note": "the flag is based on that of Turkey, itself a successor state to the Ottoman Empire" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "encircled red star and crescent" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Humat Al Hima\" (Defenders of the Homeland)", + "lyrics_music": "Mustafa Sadik AL-RAFII and Aboul-Qacem ECHEBBI/Mohamad Abdel WAHAB", + "note": "adopted 1957, replaced 1958, restored 1987; Mohamad Abdel WAHAB also composed the music for the anthem of the United Arab Emirates" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Tunisia's diverse, market-oriented economy has long been cited as a success story in Africa and the Middle East, but it faces an array of challenges during the country's ongoing political transition. Following an ill-fated experiment with socialist economic policies in the 1960s, Tunisia embarked on a successful strategy focused on bolstering exports, foreign investment, and tourism, all of which have become central to the country''s economy. Key exports now include textiles and apparel, food products, petroleum products, chemicals, and phosphates, with about 80% of exports bound for Tunisia''s main economic partner, the European Union. Tunisia''s liberal strategy, coupled with investments in education and infrastructure, fueled decades of 4-5% annual GDP growth and improving living standards. Former President (1987-2011) Zine el Abidine BEN ALI continued these policies, but as his reign wore on cronyism and corruption stymied economic performance and unemployment rose among the country''s growing ranks of university graduates. These grievances contributed to the January 2011 overthrow of BEN ALI, sending Tunisia''s economy into a tailspin as tourism and investment declined sharply. As the economy recovers, Tunisia''s government faces challenges reassuring businesses and investors, bringing budget and current account deficits under control, shoring up the country''s financial system, bringing down high unemployment, and reducing economic disparities between the more developed coastal region and the impoverished interior." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$107.1 billion (2012 est.); $103.4 billion (2011 est.); $105.4 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$45.61 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.6% (2012 est.); -1.9% (2011 est.); 3.1% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$9,900 (2012 est.); $9,700 (2011 est.); $10,000 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "22.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 23.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 26.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "66.6%", + "government_consumption": "19%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "22.3%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "49.4%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-57.3% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "8.9%", + "industry": "29.6%", + "services": "61.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "olives, olive oil, grain, tomatoes, citrus fruit, sugar beets, dates, almonds; beef, dairy products" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "-0.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "3.914 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "18.3%", + "industry": "31.9%", + "services": "49.8% (2009 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "17.4% (2012 est.); 19% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "3.8% (2005 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.3%", + "highest_10%": "31.5% (2000)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "40 (2005 est.); 41.7 (1995 est.)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$11.88 billion", + "expenditures": "$13.08 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "26.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-2.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "46.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 44.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "5.6% (2012 est.); 3.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "5.75% (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "7.31% (31 December 2012 est.); 6.76% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$13.44 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $13.11 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$31.06 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $29.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$36.09 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $34.19 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$9.662 billion (31 December 2011); $10.68 billion (31 December 2010); $9.12 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$3.57 billion (2012 est.); -$3.331 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$17.02 billion (2012 est.); $17.88 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "clothing, semi-finished goods and textiles, agricultural products, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, hydrocarbons, electrical equipment" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "France 26.3%, Italy 16%, Germany 9.4%, Libya 7.9%, US 4.3% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$23.32 billion (2012 est.); $22.62 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "textiles, machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, foodstuffs" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "France 20.2%, Italy 16.9%, Germany 7.5%, China 6.1%, Spain 5.4% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$8.36 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.457 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$25.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $22.34 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$33.01 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $31.84 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$285 million (31 December 2012 est.); $285 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Tunisian dinars (TND) per US dollar -; 1.5619 (2012 est.); 1.4078 (2011 est.); 1.4314 (2010 est.); 1.3503 (2009); 1.211 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "14.76 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "12.75 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "81 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "122 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "3.648 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "96.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "1.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "1.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "70,480 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "65,960 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "24,580 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "425 million bbl (1 January 2012 es)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "36,670 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "88,380 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "15,270 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "74,600 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "2.03 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "3.28 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "1.25 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "65.13 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "18.72 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "1.218 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "12.388 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "above the African average and continuing to be upgraded; key centers are Sfax, Sousse, Bizerte, and Tunis; telephone network is completely digitized; Internet access available throughout the country", + "domestic": "in an effort to jumpstart expansion of the fixed-line network, the government has awarded a concession to build and operate a VSAT network with international connectivity; rural areas are served by wireless local loops; competition between the two mobile-cellular service providers has resulted in lower activation and usage charges and a strong surge in subscribership; a third mobile, fixed, and ISP operator was licensed in 2009 and began offering services in 2010; expansion of mobile-cellular services to include multimedia messaging and e-mail and Internet to mobile phone services also leading to a surge in subscribership; overall fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity has reached about 125 telephones per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 216; a landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant in Medarabtel; 2 international gateway digital switches (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "broadcast media is mainly government-controlled; the state-run Tunisian Radio and Television Establishment (ERTT) operates 2 national TV networks, several national radio networks, and a number of regional radio stations; 1 TV and 3 radio stations are privately owned and report domestic news stories directly from the official Tunisian news agency; the state retains control of broadcast facilities and transmitters through L'Office National de la Telediffusion; Tunisians also have access to Egyptian, pan-Arab, and European satellite TV channels (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".tn" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "576 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "3.5 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "29 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "15", + "over_3_047_m": "4", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "6", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", + "914_to_1_523_m": "3 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "14", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "5", + "under_914_m": "8 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "condensate 68 km; gas 3,111 km; oil 1,381 km; refined products 453 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "2,165 km", + "standard_gauge": "471 km 1.435-m gauge", + "narrow_gauge": "1,694 km 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified) (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "19,232 km", + "paved": "12,655 km (includes 262 km of expressways)", + "unpaved": "6,577 km (2006)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "9", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 1, cargo 2, passenger/cargo 4, roll on/roll off 2 (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Bizerte, Gabes, Rades, Sfax, Skhira" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Tunisian Armed Forces (Forces Armees Tunisiens, FAT): Tunisian Army (includes Tunisian Air Defense Force), Tunisian Navy, Republic of Tunisia Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Jamahiriyah At'Tunisia) (2012)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "20-23 years of age for compulsory service, one year service obligation; 18-23 years of age for voluntary service; Tunisian nationality required (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,846,572", + "females_age_16_49": "2,952,180 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,397,716", + "females_age_16_49": "2,484,097 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "90,436", + "female": "87,346 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "none" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Tunisia is a source, destination, and possible transit country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Tunisia's increased number of street children, children working to support their families, and migrants who have fled unrest in neighboring countries are vulnerable to human trafficking; Tunisian women recruited into Lebanon's entertainment industry are forced into prostitution on arrival and other Tunisian women are forced into prostitution in Jordan; some Tunisian girls employed in domestic work are held in conditions of forced labor", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Tunisia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government continues to maintain that human trafficking is not a widespread problem in Tunisia, which undermines awareness campaigns and does not differentiate human trafficking from migrant smuggling; prior commitments to enact draft anti-trafficking legislation were not fulfilled, and the government has not developed or implemented procedures to identify proactively trafficking victims; the government has assisted an unidentified number of trafficking victims in its shelters for vulnerable groups (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/tz-tanzania.json b/africa/tz-tanzania.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..da54e337 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/tz-tanzania.json @@ -0,0 +1,639 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Shortly after achieving independence from Britain in the early 1960s, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule ended in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s. Zanzibar's semi-autonomous status and popular opposition led to two contentious elections since 1995, which the ruling party won despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities. The formation of a government of national unity between Zanzibar's two leading parties succeeded in minimizing electoral tension in 2010." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "6 00 S, 35 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "947,300 sq km", + "land": "885,800 sq km", + "water": "61,500 sq km", + "note": "includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly larger than twice the size of California" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "3,861 km", + "border_countries": "Burundi 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 459 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "1,424 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Indian Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Kilimanjaro 5,895 m (highest point in Africa)" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "12.25%", + "permanent_crops": "1.79%", + "other": "85.96% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "1,843 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "96.27 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "5.18 cu km/yr (10%/0%/89%)", + "per_capita": "144.7 cu m/yr (2002)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought", + "volcanism": "limited volcanic activity; Ol Doinyo Lengai (elev. 2,962 m) has emitted lava in recent years; other historically active volcanoes include Kieyo and Meru" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture; wildlife threatened by illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "Kilimanjaro is the highest point in Africa and one of only two mountains on the continent that has glaciers (the other is Mount Kenya); bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) in the southwest" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Tanzanian(s)", + "adjective": "Tanzanian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "mainland - African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, African, mixed Arab and African" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages", + "note": "Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources including Arabic and English; it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "mainland - Christian 30%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 35%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim" + }, + "population": { + "text": "48,261,942 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "44.8% (male 10,913,552/female 10,715,034)", + "15_24_years": "19.4% (male 4,689,483/female 4,694,663)", + "25_54_years": "29.3% (male 7,095,382/female 7,060,506)", + "55_64_years": "3.5% (male 721,769/female 959,008)", + "65_years_and_over": "2.9% (male 610,252/female 802,293) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "92.5 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "86.3 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.2 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "16.2 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "17.3 years", + "male": "17 years", + "female": "17.6 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.82% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "37.25 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "8.41 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-0.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "26.7% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "4.77% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "DAR ES SALAAM (capital) 3.207 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.75 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.76 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "19.6", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "460 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "45.1 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "47.13 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "43 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "60.76 years", + "male": "59.48 years", + "female": "62.09 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "5.01 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "34.4% (2009/10)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "6% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.01 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.7 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 79% of population; rural: 44% of population; total: 53% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 21% of population; rural: 56% of population; total: 47% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 20% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 10% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 80% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 90% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "5.6% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "1.4 million (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "86,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and Rift Valley fever", + "water_contact_diseases": "schistosomiasis and leptospirosis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "5% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "16.7% (2005)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "6.2% of GDP (2009)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili (Swahili), English, or Arabic", + "total_population": "67.8%", + "male": "75.5%", + "female": "60.8% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "9 years", + "male": "9 years", + "female": "9 years (2012)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "2,815,085", + "percentage": "21 %", + "note": "data represents children ages 5-17 and does not in (2006 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "8.8%", + "male": "7.4%", + "female": "10.1% (2006)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "United Republic of Tanzania", + "conventional_short_form": "Tanzania", + "local_long_form": "Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania", + "local_short_form": "Tanzania", + "former": "United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Dar es Salaam", + "geographic_coordinates": "6 48 S, 39 17 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "note": "legislative offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital, and the National Assembly now meets there on a regular basis; the Executive Branch with all ministries and diplomatic representation remains located in Dar es Salaam" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "30 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Geita, Iringa, Kagera, Kaskazini Pemba (Pemba North), Kaskazini Unguja (Zanzibar North), Katavi, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Kusini Pemba (Pemba South), Kusini Unguja (Zanzibar Central/South), Lindi, Manyara, Mara, Mbeya, Mjini Magharibi (Zanzibar Urban/West), Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Njombe, Pwani (Coast), Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Simiyu, Singida, Tabora, Tanga" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent on 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent on 10 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar on 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania on 29 October 1964" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005); Vice President Mohammed Gharib BILAL (since 6 November 2010); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005); Vice President Mohammed Gharib BILAL (since 6 November 2010)", + "note": "Zanzibar elects a president who is head of government for matters internal to Zanzibar; Ali Mohamed SHEIN elected to that office on 31 October 2010, sworn in 3 November 2010", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly", + "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held on 31 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president", + "election_results": "Jakaya KIKWETE elected president; percent of vote - Jakaya KIKWETE 61.2%, Willibrod SLAA 26.3%, Ibrahim LIPUMBA 8.1%, other 4.4%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (357 seats; 239 members elected by popular vote, 102 allocated to women nominated by the president, 5 to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms, up to 10 additional members appointed by the president, 1 seat reserved for the Attorney General); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives with jurisdiction exclusive to Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats; members elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 31 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015)", + "election_results": "National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 259, CHADEMA 48, CUF 34, NCCR-M 4, other 7, Zanzibar representatives 5; Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 28, CUF 22" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Court of Appeal of the United Republic of Tanzania (consists of the chief justice and 14 justices); High Court of the United Republic for Mainland Tanzania (consists of the principal judge and 30 judges organized into commercial, land, and labor courts); High Court of Zanzibar (consists of the chief justice and NA judges)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Appeal and High Court justices appointed by the national president after consultation with the Judicial Service Commission for Tanzania, a judicial body of high level judges and 2 members appointed by the national president; Court of Appeal and High Court judges appointed until mandatory retirement at age 60 but can extended; High Court of Zanzibar judges appointed by the national president after consultation with the Judicial Commission of Zanzibar; judge tenure NA", + "subordinate_courts": "Resident Magistrates Courts; Kadhi courts (for Islamic family matters); district and primary courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Party of Democracy and Development) or CHADEMA [Willibrod SLAA]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Jakaya Mrisho KIKWETE]; Civic United Front or CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]; Democratic Party or DP [Christopher MTIKLA] (unregistered); National Convention for Construction and Reform - Mageuzi or NCCR-M [Hashim RUNGWE]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Mutamwega MUGAHWYA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Fahma DOVUTWA]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Economic and Social Research Foundation or ESRF; Free Zanzibar; Tanzania Media Women's Association or TAMWA" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, EAC, EADB, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Liberata Rutageruka MULAMULA", + "chancery": "1232 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 939-6125", + "fax": "[1] (202) 797-7408" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Alfonso E. LENHARDT", + "embassy": "686 Old Bagamoyo Road, Msasani, Dar es Salaam", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam", + "telephone": "[255] (22) 229-4000", + "fax": "[255] (22) 229-4970 or 4971" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue; the banner combines colors found on the flags of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; green represents the natural vegetation of the country, gold its rich mineral deposits, black the native Swahili people, and blue the country's many lakes and rivers, as well as the Indian Ocean" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "Uhuru (Freedom) torch" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Mungu ibariki Afrika\" (God Bless Africa)", + "lyrics_music": "collective/Enoch Mankayi SONTONGA", + "note": "adopted 1961; the anthem, which is also a popular song in Africa, shares the same melody with that of Zambia, but has different lyrics; the melody is also incorporated into South Africa's anthem" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Tanzania is one of the world's poorest economies in terms of per capita income, however, it has achieved high overall growth rates based on gold production and tourism. Tanzania has largely completed its transition to a liberalized market economy, though the government retains a presence in sectors such as telecommunications, banking, energy, and mining. The economy depends on agriculture, which accounts for more than one-quarter of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs about 80% of the work force. The World Bank, the IMF, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's aging economic infrastructure, including rail and port infrastructure that are important trade links for inland countries. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private-sector growth and investment, and the government has increased spending on agriculture to 7% of its budget. The financial sector in Tanzania has expanded in recent years and foreign-owned banks account for about 48% of the banking industry''s total assets. Competition among foreign commercial banks has resulted in significant improvements in the efficiency and quality of financial services, though interest rates are still relatively high, reflecting high fraud risk. All land in Tanzania is owned by the government, which can lease land for up to 99 years. Proposed reforms to allow for land ownership, particularly foreign land ownership, remain unpopular. Continued donor assistance and solid macroeconomic policies supported a positive growth rate, despite the world recession. In 2008, Tanzania received the world''s largest Millennium Challenge Compact grant, worth $698 million, and in December 2012 the Millennium Challenge Corporation selected Tanzania for a second Compact. Dar es Salaam used fiscal stimulus and loosened monetary policy to ease the impact of the global recession. GDP growth in 2009-12 was a respectable 6% per year due to high gold prices and increased production." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$75.07 billion (2012 est.); $70.26 billion (2011 est.); $66 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$28.25 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "6.9% (2012 est.); 6.4% (2011 est.); 7% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,600 (2012 est.); $1,500 (2011 est.); $1,500 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "25.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 17.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 20.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "63.9%", + "government_consumption": "21.5%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "36.9%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.4%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "40%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-62.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "27.7%", + "industry": "25.1%", + "services": "47.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine); mining (diamonds, gold, and iron), salt, soda ash; cement, oil refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "6.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "24.75 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "80%", + "industry_and_services": "20% (2002 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "36% (2002 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.8%", + "highest_10%": "29.6% (2007)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "37.6 (2007); 34.6 (2000)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$5.571 billion", + "expenditures": "$6.706 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "19.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "36.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 40.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 July - 30 June" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "16.1% (2012 est.); 12.7% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "8.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 3.7% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "15.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 14.96% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$4.143 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.471 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$8.285 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $7.568 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$7.03 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.665 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$1.539 billion (31 December 2011); $1.264 billion (31 December 2010); $1.293 billion (31 December 2008)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$3.946 billion (2012 est.); -$3.872 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$5.997 billion (2012 est.); $5.098 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "India 14.1%, China 11%, Japan 6.1%, Germany 5%, UAE 4.9% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$10.33 billion (2012 est.); $9.828 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 21.1%, India 16.1%, Kenya 6.6%, South Africa 5.6%, UAE 4.8% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$4.053 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.726 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", + "note": "excludes gold" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$11.58 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.04 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Tanzanian shillings (TZS) per US dollar -; 1,583 (2012 est.); 1,572.1 (2011 est.); 1,409.3 (2010 est.); 1,320.3 (2009); 1,178.1 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "4.489 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "3.589 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2008 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "957,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "39.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "60.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 es)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "43,310 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "32,680 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "780 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "780 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "6.513 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "7.566 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "161,100 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "25.666 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "telecommunications services are marginal; system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service; small aperture terminal (VSAT) system under construction", + "domestic": "fixed-line telephone network inadequate with less than 1 connection per 100 persons; mobile-cellular service, aided by multiple providers, is increasing rapidly and in 2011 exceeded a subscriber base of 50 telephones per 100 persons; trunk service provided by open-wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital", + "international": "country code - 255; landing point for the EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable system linking East Africa with Europe and North America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "a state-owned TV station and multiple privately owned TV stations; state-owned national radio station supplemented by more than 40 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".tz" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "26,074 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "678,000 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "166 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "10", + "over_3_047_m": "2", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", + "914_to_1_523_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "156", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "24", + "914_to_1_523_m": "98", + "under_914_m": "33 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "gas 311 km; oil 891 km; refined products 8 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "3,689 km", + "narrow_gauge": "969 km 1.067-m gauge; 2,720 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "91,049 km", + "paved": "6,578 km", + "unpaved": "84,471 km (2007)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "(Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) are the principal avenues of commerce with neighboring countries; the rivers are not navigable) (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "94", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 6, cargo 66, carrier 4, chemical tanker 1, container 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 3", + "foreign_owned": "42 (Japan 1, Romania 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Syria 23, Turkey 13, UAE 3)", + "registered_in_other_countries": "3 (Panama 2, UK 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar" + }, + "transportation_note": { + "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports that shipping in territorial and offshore waters in the Indian Ocean remain at risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships, especially as Somali-based pirates extend their activities south; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Tanzania People's Defense Force (Jeshi la Wananchi la Tanzania, JWTZ): Army, Naval Wing (includes Coast Guard), Air Defense Command (includes Air Wing), National Service (2007)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "9,985,445 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "5,860,339", + "females_age_16_49": "5,882,279 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "512,294", + "female": "514,164 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Tanzania still hosts more than a half million refugees, more than any other African country, mainly from Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, despite the international community's efforts at repatriation; disputes with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River remain dormant" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "63,330 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 35,343 (Burundi) (2012)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Tanzania is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; the exploitation of young girls in domestic servitude continues to be Tanzania's largest human trafficking problem; Tanzanian boys are subject to forced labor mainly on farms but also in mines, in the commercial service sector, in the sex trade, and possibly on small fishing boats; internal trafficking is more prevalent than transnational trafficking and is usually facilitated by friends, family members, or intermediaries offering education or legitimate job opportunities; trafficking victims from Burundi, Kenya, Bangladesh, Nepal, Yemen, and India are to work in Tanzania's agricultural, mining, and domestic service sectors or may be sex trafficked", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Tanzania does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; law enforcement made modest anti-trafficking efforts but imposed punishments on offenders that were inadequate for the seriousness of the crimes committed; key victim protection provisions of the 2008 anti-trafficking act remain unimplemented; the government continues to refer child trafficking victims to NGOs for care but has no procedure for the referral of adult victims; the national anti-trafficking action plan has not been implemented; no public awareness campaigns about the dangers of trafficking are conducted (2013)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "targeted by traffickers moving hashish, Afghan heroin, and South American cocaine transported down the East African coastline, through airports, or overland through Central Africa; Zanzibar likely used by traffickers for drug smuggling; traffickers in the past have recruited Tanzanian couriers to move drugs through Iran into East Asia" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/ug-uganda.json b/africa/ug-uganda.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..51e306e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/ug-uganda.json @@ -0,0 +1,613 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The colonial boundaries created by Britain to delimit Uganda grouped together a wide range of ethnic groups with different political systems and cultures. These differences prevented the establishment of a working political community after independence was achieved in 1962. The dictatorial regime of Idi AMIN (1971-79) was responsible for the deaths of some 300,000 opponents; guerrilla war and human rights abuses under Milton OBOTE (1980-85) claimed at least another 100,000 lives. The rule of Yoweri MUSEVENI since 1986 has brought relative stability and economic growth to Uganda. A constitutional referendum in 2005 cancelled a 19-year ban on multi-party politics." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "East-Central Africa, west of Kenya, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "1 00 N, 32 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "241,038 sq km", + "land": "197,100 sq km", + "water": "43,938 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Oregon" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "2,698 km", + "border_countries": "Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, South Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly plateau with rim of mountains" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Lake Albert 621 m", + "highest_point": "Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land, gold" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "27.94%", + "permanent_crops": "9.11%", + "other": "62.95% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "144.2 sq km (2010)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "66 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.32 cu km/yr (41%/16%/43%)", + "per_capita": "12.31 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; widespread poaching" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Environmental Modification" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "landlocked; fertile, well-watered country with many lakes and rivers" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Ugandan(s)", + "adjective": "Ugandan" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Baganda 16.9%, Banyankole 9.5%, Basoga 8.4%, Bakiga 6.9%, Iteso 6.4%, Langi 6.1%, Acholi 4.7%, Bagisu 4.6%, Lugbara 4.2%, Bunyoro 2.7%, other 29.6% (2002 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 41.9%, Protestant 42% (Anglican 35.9%, Pentecostal 4.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.5%), Muslim 12.1%, other 3.1%, none 0.9% (2002 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "34,758,809 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "48.9% (male 8,467,172/female 8,519,723)", + "15_24_years": "21.2% (male 3,658,564/female 3,707,462)", + "25_54_years": "25.5% (male 4,431,852/female 4,432,393)", + "55_64_years": "2.3% (male 383,364/female 427,512)", + "65_years_and_over": "2.1% (male 323,508/female 407,259) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "103.3 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "98.4 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.9 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "20.3 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "15.5 years", + "male": "15.4 years", + "female": "15.5 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.32% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "44.5 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "11.26 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-0.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "15.6% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "5.74% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "KAMPALA (capital) 1.535 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.89 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.8 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "18.9", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2011 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "310 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "62.47 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "72 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "52.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "53.98 years", + "male": "52.65 years", + "female": "55.35 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "6.06 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "30% (2011)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.12 physicians/1,000 population (2005)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 68% of population; total: 72% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 32% of population; total: 28% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 34% of population; rural: 34% of population; total: 34% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 66% of population; rural: 66% of population; total: 66% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "6.5% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "1.2 million (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "64,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria, dengue fever, and trypanosomiasis-Gambiense (African sleeping sickness)", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "4.3% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "16.4% (2006)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "3.3% of GDP (2012)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "73.2%", + "male": "82.6%", + "female": "64.6% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "11 years", + "male": "11 years", + "female": "11 years (2009)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "117,266", + "percentage": "25 %", + "note": "data represents children ages 5-17 working in the (2010 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "5.4% (2009)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Uganda", + "conventional_short_form": "Uganda" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Kampala", + "geographic_coordinates": "0 19 N, 32 33 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "111 districts and 1 capital city*; Abim, Adjumani, Agago, Alebtong, Amolatar, Amudat, Amuria, Amuru, Apac, Arua, Budaka, Bududa, Bugiri, Buhweju, Buikwe, Bukedea, Bukomansimbi, Bukwa, Bulambuli, Bulisa, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Busia, Butaleja, Butambala, Buvuma, Buyende, Dokolo, Gomba, Gulu, Hoima, Ibanda, Iganga, Isingiro, Jinja, Kaabong, Kabale, Kabarole, Kaberamaido, Kalangala, Kaliro, Kalungu, Kampala*, Kamuli, Kamwenge, Kanungu, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Katakwi, Kayunga, Kibale, Kiboga, Kibuku, Kiruhura, Kiryandongo, Kisoro, Kitgum, Koboko, Kole, Kotido, Kumi, Kween, Kyankwanzi, Kyegegwa, Kyenjojo, Lamwo, Lira, Luuka, Luwero, Lwengo, Lyantonde, Manafwa, Maracha, Masaka, Masindi, Mayuge, Mbale, Mbarara, Mitoma, Mityana, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nakapiripirit, Nakaseke, Nakasongola, Namayingo, Namutumba, Napak, Nebbi, Ngora, Ntoroko, Ntungamo, Nwoya, Otuke, Oyam, Pader, Pallisa, Rakai, Rubirizi, Rukungiri, Sembabule, Serere, Sheema, Sironko, Soroti, Tororo, Wakiso, Yumbe, Zombo" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "9 October 1962 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 9 October (1962)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "8 October 1995; amended 2005", + "note": "the amendments in 2005 removed presidential term limits and legalized a multiparty political system" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power on 26 January 1986); Vice President Edward SSEKANDI (since 24 May 2011) note - the president is both chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power on 26 January 1986); Prime Minister Amama MBABAZI (since 24 May 2011); note - the prime minister assists the president in the supervision of the cabinet", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected legislators", + "elections": "president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held on 18 February 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", + "election_results": "Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 68.4%, Kizza BESIGYE 26.0%, other 5.6%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (375 seats; 238 members elected by popular vote, 112 women directly elected, 25 nominated by legally established special interest groups [army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 5], additional ex-officio members may be nominated by the president; members serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 18 February 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NRM 263, FDC 34, DP 12, UPC 10, UPDF 10, CP 1, JEEMA 1, independents 43, vacant 1; note - UPDF is the Uganda People's Defense Force" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Uganda (consists of the chief justice and 5 justices)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justices appointed by the president in consultation with the Judicial Service Commission (a 9-member independent advisory body) and with approval of the National Assembly; justices serve until mandatory retirement at age 70", + "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeal (also sits as the Constitutional Court); High Court (includes 10 High Court Circuits and 7 High Court Divisions); Chief Magistrate Grade One and Grade Two Courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI]; Democratic Party or DP [Norbert MAO]; Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Muntu MUGISHA]; Inter-Party Co-operation or IPC (a coalition of opposition groups); Justice Forum or JEEMA [Asuman BASALIRWA]; National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI]; Peoples Progressive Party or PPP [Bidandi SSALI]; Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [Olara OTUNNU]; ", + "note": "a national referendum in July 2005 opened the way for Uganda's transition to a multi-party political system" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Lord's Resistance Army or LRA [Joseph KONY]; Parliamentary Advocacy Forum or PAFO; National Association of Women Organizations in Uganda or NAWOU [Florence NEKYON]; The Ugandan Coalition for Political Accountability to Women or COPAW" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Oliver WONEKHA", + "chancery": "5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416", + "fax": "[1] (202) 726-1727" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Scott H. DELISI", + "embassy": "1577 Ggaba Road, Kampala", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 7007, Kampala", + "telephone": "[256] (414) 259 791 through 93, 95", + "fax": "[256] (414) 259-794" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a grey crowned crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side; black symbolizes the African people, yellow sunshine and vitality, red African brotherhood; the crane was the military badge of Ugandan soldiers under the UK" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "grey crowned crane" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty!\"", + "lyrics_music": "George Wilberforce KAKOMOA", + "note": "adopted 1962" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, small deposits of copper, gold, and other minerals, and recently discovered oil. Uganda has never conducted a national minerals survey. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986, the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. Since 1990 economic reforms ushered in an era of solid economic growth based on continued investment in infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, lower inflation, better domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. Uganda has received about $2 billion in multilateral and bilateral debt relief. In 2007 Uganda received $10 million for a Millennium Challenge Account Threshold Program. The global economic downturn hurt Uganda's exports; however, Uganda's GDP growth has largely recovered due to past reforms and sound management of the downturn. Oil revenues and taxes will become a larger source of government funding as oil comes on line in the next few years. Rising food and fuel prices in 2011 led to protests. Instability in South Sudan is a risk for the Ugandan economy because Uganda''s main export partner is Sudan, and Uganda is a key destination for Sudanese refugees. Unreliable power, high energy costs, inadequate transportation infrastructure, and corruption inhibit economic development and investor confidence." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$51.27 billion (2012 est.); $49.98 billion (2011 est.); $46.86 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$21 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.6% (2012 est.); 6.7% (2011 est.); 5.6% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,400 (2012 est.); $1,400 (2011 est.); $1,400 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "14.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 13% of GDP (2011 est.); 12.5% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "86.3%", + "government_consumption": "8.7%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "24.6%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.2%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "21.2%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-41% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "24.2%", + "industry": "26.5%", + "services": "49.3% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses, cut flowers; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "3% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "16.49 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "82%", + "industry": "5%", + "services": "13% (1999 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "24.5% (2009 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.4%", + "highest_10%": "36.1% (2009 est.)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "44.3 (2009); 45.7 (2002)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$3.102 billion", + "expenditures": "$3.705 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "14.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-2.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "27.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 27.7% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 July - 30 June" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "14% (2012 est.); 18.7% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "14% (31 December 2010 est.); 9.65% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "26.16% (31 December 2012 est.); 21.83% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$2.015 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.831 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$4.162 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $4.058 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$3.042 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.927 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$7.727 billion (31 December 2011); $1.788 billion (31 December 2010); $3.745 billion (31 December 2010)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$2.28 billion (2012 est.); -$1.631 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$2.804 billion (2012 est.); $2.519 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "coffee, fish and fish products, tea, cotton, flowers, horticultural products; gold" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Kenya 12.8%, Rwanda 10.7%, UAE 9.9%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 9.7%, Netherlands 5.7%, Germany 5.2%, Italy 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$5.187 billion (2012 est.); $4.997 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Kenya 16.6%, UAE 14.5%, China 12.3%, India 11.3%, South Africa 4.2% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$3.169 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.617 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", + "note": "excludes gold" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$4.514 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.858 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Ugandan shillings (UGX) per US dollar -; 2,505.6 (2012 est.); 2,522.8 (2011 est.); 2,177.6 (2010 est.); 2,030 (2009); 1,658.1 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "2.445 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "2.217 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "75 million kWh (2010)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "29 million kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "529,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "37.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "59.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "2.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "1 billion bbl (1 January 2010 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "16,930 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "23,950 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "14.16 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "2.014 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "464,800 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "16.697 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "mobile cellular service is increasing rapidly, but the number of main lines is still deficient; work underway on a national backbone information and communications technology infrastructure; international phone networks and Internet connectivity provided through satellite and VSAT applications", + "domestic": "intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, and radiotelephone communication stations, fixed and mobile-cellular systems for short-range traffic; mobile-cellular teledensity about 50 per 100 persons in 2010", + "international": "country code - 256; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; analog links to Kenya and Tanzania (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "public broadcaster, Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (UBC), operates radio and TV networks; Uganda first began licensing privately owned stations in the 1990s; by 2007 there were nearly 150 radio and 35 TV stations, mostly based in and around Kampala; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available in Kampala (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".ug" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "32,683 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "3.2 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "47 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "5", + "over_3_047_m": "3", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "42", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "8", + "914_to_1_523_m": "26", + "under_914_m": "7 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "1,244 km", + "narrow_gauge": "1,244 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "70,746 km", + "paved": "16,272 km", + "unpaved": "54,474 km (2003)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "(there are no long navigable stretches of river in Uganda; parts of the Albert Nile that flow out of Lake Albert in the northwestern part of the country are navigable; several lakes including Lake Victoria and Lake Kyoga have substantial traffic; Lake Albert is navigable along a 200-km stretch from its northern tip to its southern shores) (2011)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF): Land Forces (includes Marine Unit), Uganda Air Force (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military duty; 18-30 years of age for professionals; no conscription; 9-year service obligation; the government has stated that while recruitment under 18 years of age could occur with proper consent, \"no person under the apparent age of 18 years shall be enrolled in the armed forces\"; Ugandan citizenship and secondary education required (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "7,249,271", + "females_age_16_49": "7,025,439 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "4,313,068", + "females_age_16_49": "4,200,901 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "423,923", + "female": "420,236 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces that extend across its borders; Ugandan refugees as well as members of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) seek shelter in southern Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Garamba National Park; LRA forces have also attacked Kenyan villages across the border" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "127,021 (Democratic Republic of Congo); 14,684 (Rwanda); 11,135 (South Sudan); 10,728 (Burundi); 7,910 (Sudan) (2012); 18,253 (Somalia) (2013)", + "idps": "30,000 (displacement in northern Uganda because of fighting between government forces and the Lord's Resistance Army; as of 2011, most of the 1.8 million people displaced to IDP camps at the height of the conflict had returned home or resettled, but many had not found durable solutions) (2011)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/za-south-africa.json b/africa/za-south-africa.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..24661f00 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/za-south-africa.json @@ -0,0 +1,632 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Dutch traders landed at the southern tip of modern day South Africa in 1652 and established a stopover point on the spice route between the Netherlands and the Far East, founding the city of Cape Town. After the British seized the Cape of Good Hope area in 1806, many of the Dutch settlers (the Boers) trekked north to found their own republics. The discovery of diamonds (1867) and gold (1886) spurred wealth and immigration and intensified the subjugation of the native inhabitants. The Boers resisted British encroachments but were defeated in the Boer War (1899-1902); however, the British and the Afrikaners, as the Boers became known, ruled together beginning in 1910 under the Union of South Africa, which became a republic in 1961 after a whites-only referendum. In 1948, the National Party was voted into power and instituted a policy of apartheid - the separate development of the races - which favored the white minority at the expense of the black majority. The African National Congress (ANC) led the opposition to apartheid and many top ANC leaders, such as Nelson MANDELA, spent decades in South Africa's prisons. Internal protests and insurgency, as well as boycotts by some Western nations and institutions, led to the regime's eventual willingness to negotiate a peaceful transition to majority rule. The first multi-racial elections in 1994 brought an end to apartheid and ushered in majority rule under an ANC-led government. South Africa since then has struggled to address apartheid-era imbalances in decent housing, education, and health care. ANC infighting, which has grown in recent years, came to a head in September 2008 when President Thabo MBEKI resigned, and Kgalema MOTLANTHE, the party's General-Secretary, succeeded him as interim president. Jacob ZUMA became president after the ANC won general elections in April 2009." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "29 00 S, 24 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "1,219,090 sq km", + "land": "1,214,470 sq km", + "water": "4,620 sq km", + "note": "includes Prince Edward Islands (Marion Island and Prince Edward Island)" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Texas" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "4,862 km", + "border_countries": "Botswana 1,840 km, Lesotho 909 km, Mozambique 491 km, Namibia 967 km, Swaziland 430 km, Zimbabwe 225 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "2,798 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to edge of the continental margin" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Njesuthi 3,408 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, rare earth elements, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "9.87%", + "permanent_crops": "0.34%", + "other": "89.79% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "16,700 sq km (2012)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "51.4 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "12.5 cu km/yr (36%/7%/57%)", + "per_capita": "271.7 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "prolonged droughts", + "volcanism": "the volcano forming Marion Island in the Prince Edward Islands, which last erupted in 2004, is South Africa's only active volcano" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "lack of important arterial rivers or lakes requires extensive water conservation and control measures; growth in water usage outpacing supply; pollution of rivers from agricultural runoff and urban discharge; air pollution resulting in acid rain; soil erosion; desertification" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "South Africa completely surrounds Lesotho and almost completely surrounds Swaziland" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "South African(s)", + "adjective": "South African" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "black African 79%, white 9.6%, colored 8.9%, Indian/Asian 2.5% (2001 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "IsiZulu (official) 23.82%, IsiXhosa (official) 17.64%, Afrikaans (official) 13.35%, Sepedi (offcial) 9.39%, English (official) 8.2%, Setswana (official) 8.2%, Sesotho (official) 7.93%, Xitsonga (official) 4.44%, siSwati (official) 2.66%, Tshivenda (official) 2.28%, isiNdebele (official) 1.59%, other 0.5% (2001 census)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Protestant 36.6% (Zionist Christian 11.1%, Pentecostal/Charismatic 8.2%, Methodist 6.8%, Dutch Reformed 6.7%, Anglican 3.8%), Catholic 7.1%, Muslim 1.5%, other Christian 36%, other 2.3%, unspecified 1.4%, none 15.1% (2001 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "48,601,098 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "28.3% (male 6,909,066/female 6,866,163)", + "15_24_years": "20.6% (male 5,041,412/female 4,960,190)", + "25_54_years": "38.1% (male 9,561,452/female 8,948,398)", + "55_64_years": "6.9% (male 1,450,420/female 1,916,960)", + "65_years_and_over": "6.1% (male 1,177,999/female 1,769,038) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "53.9 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "45.4 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "8.5 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "11.7 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "25.5 years", + "male": "25.2 years", + "female": "25.8 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "-0.45% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "19.14 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "17.36 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-6.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population", + "note": "there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "62% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.21% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "Johannesburg 3.607 million; Cape Town 3.353 million; Ekurhuleni (East Rand) 3.144 million; Durban 2.837 million; PRETORIA (capital) 1.404 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.76 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.67 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "22.5 (2003 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "300 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "42.15 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "45.9 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "38.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "49.48 years", + "male": "50.43 years", + "female": "48.51 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.25 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "59.9% (2003/04)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "8.9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.77 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "2.84 beds/1,000 population (2005)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 79% of population; total: 91% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 21% of population; total: 9% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 86% of population; rural: 67% of population; total: 79% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 14% of population; rural: 33% of population; total: 21% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "17.8% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "5.6 million (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "310,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "31.3% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "11.6% (2005)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "6% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "93%", + "male": "93.9%", + "female": "92.2% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "13 years", + "male": "13 years", + "female": "13 years (2004)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "49.8%", + "male": "45.4%", + "female": "55% (2011)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of South Africa", + "conventional_short_form": "South Africa", + "former": "Union of South Africa", + "abbreviation": "RSA" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Pretoria (administrative capital)", + "geographic_coordinates": "25 42 S, 28 13 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "note": "Cape Town (legislative capital); Bloemfontein (judicial capital)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "9 provinces; Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, North-West, Western Cape" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "31 May 1910 (Union of South Africa formed from four British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange Free State); 31 May 1961 (republic declared); 27 April 1994 (majority rule)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Freedom Day, 27 April (1994)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "10 December 1996; note - certified by the Constitutional Court 4 December 1996; was signed by then President MANDELA 10 December 1996; and entered into effect 4 February 1997" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of Roman-Dutch civil law, English common law, and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Jacob ZUMA (since 9 May 2009); Deputy President Kgalema MOTLANTHE (since 11 May 2009); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Jacob ZUMA (since 9 May 2009); Deputy President Kgalema MOTLANTHE (since 11 May 2009)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", + "elections": "president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 6 May 2009 (next to be held in 2014)", + "election_results": "Jacob ZUMA elected president; National Assembly vote - Jacob ZUMA 277, Mvume DANDALA 47, other 76" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consisting of the National Council of Provinces (90 seats; 10 members elected by each of the nine provincial legislatures for five-year terms; has special powers to protect regional interests, including the safeguarding of cultural and linguistic traditions among ethnic minorities) and the National Assembly (400 seats; members elected by popular vote under a system of proportional representation to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "National Assembly and National Council of Provinces - last held on 22 April 2009 (next to be held in April 2014)", + "election_results": "National Council of Provinces - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - ANC 65.9%, DA 16.7%, COPE 7.4%, IFP 4.6%, other 5.4%; seats by party - ANC 264, DA 67, COPE 30, IFP 18, other 21" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Appeals (consists of the court president, deputy president, and 21 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the chief and deputy chief justices and 9 judges)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court of Appeals president and vice-president appointed by the national president after consultation with the Joint Services Commission (JSC), a 22-member body of judicial and other government officials, and a law academics; other Supreme Court judges appointed by the national president on the advice of the JSC and hold office until discharged from active service in terms of an Act of Parliament; Constitutional Court chief and deputy chief justices appointed by the national president after consultation with the JSC and with heads of the National Assembly; other Constitutional Court judges appointed by the national president after consultation with the chief justice and leaders of the National Assembly; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 12-year non-renewable terms or until age 70", + "subordinate_courts": "High Courts; Magistrates' Courts; labor courts; land claims courts;" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "African Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [Kenneth MESHOE]; African National Congress or ANC [Jacob ZUMA]; Congress of the People or COPE [Mosiuoa LEKOTA]; Democratic Alliance or DA [Helen ZILLE]; Freedom Front Plus or FF+ [Pieter MULDER]; Inkatha Freedom Party or IFP [Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI]; Pan-Africanist Congress or PAC [Motsoko PHEKO]; United Christian Democratic Party or UCDP [Lucas MANGOPE]; United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Congress of South African Trade Unions or COSATU [Zwelinzima VAVI, general secretary]; South African Communist Party or SACP [Blade NZIMANDE, general secretary]; South African National Civics Organization or SANCO [Mlungisi HLONGWANE, national president]; ", + "note": "COSATU and SACP are in a formal alliance with the ANC" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BIS, BRICS, C, CD, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, NSG, OECD (Enhanced Engagement, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Ebrahim RASOOL", + "chancery": "3051 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 232-4400", + "fax": "[1] (202) 265-1607", + "consulates_general": "Chicago, Los Angeles, New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Donald H. GIPS", + "embassy": "877 Pretorius Street, Pretoria", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 9536, Pretoria 0001", + "telephone": "[27] (12) 431-4000", + "fax": "[27] (12) 342-2299", + "consulates_general": "Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "two equal width horizontal bands of red (top) and blue separated by a central green band that splits into a horizontal Y, the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side; the Y embraces a black isosceles triangle from which the arms are separated by narrow yellow bands; the red and blue bands are separated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes; the flag colors do not have any official symbolism, but the Y stands for the \"convergence of diverse elements within South African society, taking the road ahead in unity\"; black, yellow, and green are found on the flag of the African National Congress, while red, white, and blue are the colors in the flags of the Netherlands and the UK, whose settlers ruled South Africa during the colonial era", + "note": "the South African flag is one of only two national flags to display six colors as part of its primary design, the other is South Sudan's" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "springbok antelope" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"National Anthem of South Africa\"", + "lyrics_music": "Enoch SONTONGA and Cornelius Jacob LANGENHOVEN/Enoch SONTONGA and Marthinus LOURENS de Villiers", + "note": "adopted 1994; the anthem is a combination of \"N'kosi Sikelel' iAfrica\" (God Bless Africa) and \"Die Stem van Suid Afrika\" (The Call of South Africa), which were respectively the anthems of the non-white and white communities under apartheid; the official lyrics contain a mixture of Xhosa, Zulu, Sesotho, Afrikaans, and English; the music incorporates the melody used in the Tanzanian and Zambian anthems" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "South Africa is a middle-income, emerging market with an abundant supply of natural resources; well-developed financial, legal, communications, energy, and transport sectors and a stock exchange that is the 15th largest in the world. Even though the country possesses modern infrastructure that support a relatively efficient distribution of goods to major urban centers throughout the region, some components retard growth. The economy began to slow in the second half of 2007 due to an electricity crisis. State power supplier Eskom encountered problems with aging plants and meeting electricity demand necessitating \"load-shedding\" cuts in 2007 and 2008 to residents and businesses in the major cities. Subsequently, the global financial crisis reduced commodity prices and world demand. GDP fell nearly 2% in 2009 but has recovered since then. Unemployment, poverty, and inequality remain a challenge, with official unemployment at nearly 25% of the work force. Eskom has built two new power stations and installed new power demand management programs to improve power grid reliability. South Africa's economic policy has focused on controlling inflation, however, the country has had significant budget deficits that restrict its ability to deal with pressing economic problems. The current government faces growing pressure from special interest groups to use state-owned enterprises to deliver basic services to low-income areas and to increase job growth." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$592 billion (2012 est.); $577.3 billion (2011 est.); $558 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$384.3 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.5% (2012 est.); 3.5% (2011 est.); 3.1% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$11,600 (2012 est.); $11,400 (2011 est.); $11,200 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "13.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 16.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 16.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "60.4%", + "government_consumption": "22.4%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "19.2%", + "investment_in_inventories": "1%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "28.3%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-31.3% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "2.6%", + "industry": "29.3%", + "services": "68.1% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; beef, poultry, mutton, wool, dairy products" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium), automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textiles, iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizer, foodstuffs, commercial ship repair" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "18.06 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "9%", + "industry": "26%", + "services": "65% (2007 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "22.7% (2012 est.); 24.9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "31.3% (2009 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "1.2%", + "highest_10%": "51.7% (2009 est.)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "63.1 (2005); 59.3 (1994)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$99.56 billion", + "expenditures": "$117.8 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "25.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-4.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "40% of GDP (2012 est.); 39.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 April - 31 March" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "5.7% (2012 est.); 5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "5% (31 December 2012); 7% (31 December 2009)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "8.75% (31 December 2012 est.); 9% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$122 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $117.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$277 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $314.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$298.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $284.7 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$1.038 trillion (31 December 2012); $855.7 billion (31 December 2011); $1.013 trillion (31 December 2010)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$21.33 billion (2012 est.); -$13.68 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$100.7 billion (2012 est.); $102.9 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "gold, diamonds, platinum, other metals and minerals, machinery and equipment" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "China 14.5%, US 7.9%, Japan 5.7%, Germany 5.5%, India 4.5%, UK 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$105 billion (2012 est.); $100.4 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum products, scientific instruments, foodstuffs" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 14.9%, Germany 10.1%, US 7.3%, Saudi Arabia 7.2%, India 4.6%, Japan 4.5% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$50.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $48.87 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$137.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $113.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$139.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $134.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$78.25 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $78.53 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "rand (ZAR) per US dollar -; 8.2031 (2012 est.); 7.2597 (2011 est.); 7.3212 (2010 est.); 8.42 (2009); 7.9576 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "257.9 billion kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "234.2 billion kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "15.04 billion kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "10.06 billion kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "44.26 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "90.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "4.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "1.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "169,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "402,300 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "15 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "516,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "590,900 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "49,430 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "60,290 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "970 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "4.01 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "3.04 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "27.16 million cu m (1 January 2006 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "465.1 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "4.127 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "64 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "the system is the best developed and most modern in Africa", + "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 140 telephones per 100 persons; consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay links, fiber-optic cable, radiotelephone communication stations, and wireless local loops; key centers are Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria", + "international": "country code - 27; the SAT-3/WASC and SAFE fiber-optic submarine cable systems connect South Africa to Europe and Asia; the EASSy fiber-optic cable system connects with Europe and North America; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) operates 4 TV stations, 3 are free-to-air and 1 is pay TV; e.tv, a private station, is accessible to more than half the population; multiple subscription TV services provide a mix of local and international channels; well developed mix of public and private radio stations at the national, regional, and local levels; the SABC radio network, state-owned and controlled but nominally independent, operates 18 stations, one for each of the 11 official languages, 4 community stations, and 3 commercial stations; more than 100 community-based stations extend coverage to rural areas (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".za" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "4.761 million (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "4.42 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "566 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "144", + "over_3_047_m": "11", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "7", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "52", + "914_to_1_523_m": "65", + "under_914_m": "9 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "422", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "31", + "914_to_1_523_m": "258", + "under_914_m": "132 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "1 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "condensate 94 km; gas 1,293 km; oil 992 km; refined products 1,460 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "20,192 km", + "narrow_gauge": "19,756 km 1.065-m gauge (8,271 km electrified); 122 km 0.750-m gauge; 314 km 0.610-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "362,099 km", + "paved": "73,506 km (includes 239 km of expressways)", + "unpaved": "288,593 km (2002)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "3", + "by_type": "petroleum tanker 3", + "registered_in_other_countries": "19 (Australia 1, Isle of Man 2, Mexico 1, NZ 1, Seychelles 1, Singapore 13) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth, Richards Bay, Saldanha Bay" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "South African National Defense Force (SANDF): South African Army, South African Navy (SAN), South African Air Force (SAAF), South African Military Health Services (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; women are eligible to serve in noncombat roles; 2-year service obligation (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "13,439,781", + "females_age_16_49": "12,473,641 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "7,617,063", + "females_age_16_49": "6,476,264 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "482,122", + "female": "485,017 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2006)" + }, + "military_note": { + "text": "with the end of apartheid and the establishment of majority rule, former military, black homelands forces, and ex-opposition forces were integrated into the South African National Defense Force (SANDF); as of 2003 the integration process was considered complete" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration; the governments of South Africa and Namibia have not signed or ratified the text of the 1994 Surveyor's General agreement placing the boundary in the middle of the Orange River" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "17,864 (Somalia); 13,386 (Democratic Republic of Congo); 5,805 (Angola); 5,538 (Ethiopia) (2012)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transshipment center for heroin, hashish, and cocaine, as well as a major cultivator of marijuana in its own right; cocaine and heroin consumption on the rise; world's largest market for illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally from India through various east African countries, but increasingly producing its own synthetic drugs for domestic consumption; attractive venue for money launderers given the increasing level of organized criminal and narcotics activity in the region and the size of the South African economy" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/zm-zambia.json b/africa/zm-zambia.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..43504870 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/zm-zambia.json @@ -0,0 +1,617 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the [British] South Africa Company from 1891 until it was taken over by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices, economic mismanagement and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties. The election in 2001 was marked by administrative problems with three parties filing a legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate Levy MWANAWASA. MWANAWASA was reelected in 2006 in an election that was deemed free and fair. Upon his abrupt death in August 2008, he was succeeded by his vice president, Rupiah BANDA, who subsequently won a special presidential byelection in October 2008. Michael SATA was elected president in September 2011." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Southern Africa, east of Angola, south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "15 00 S, 30 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "752,618 sq km", + "land": "743,398 sq km", + "water": "9,220 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly larger than Texas" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "5,664 km", + "border_countries": "Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Zambezi river 329 m", + "highest_point": "unnamed elevation in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "4.52%", + "permanent_crops": "0.05%", + "other": "95.44% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "1,559 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "105.2 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "1.57 cu km/yr (18%/8%/73%)", + "per_capita": "147 cu m/yr (2002)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "periodic drought; tropical storms (November to April)" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and large cat populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zimbabwe; Lake Kariba on the Zambia-Zimbabwe border forms the world's largest reservoir by volume (180 cu km; 43 cu mi)" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Zambian(s)", + "adjective": "Zambian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "African 99.5% (includes Bemba, Tonga, Chewa, Lozi, Nsenga, Tumbuka, Ngoni, Lala, Kaonde, Lunda, and other African groups), other 0.5% (includes Europeans, Asians, and Americans) (2000 Census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "11 Bantu languages (Bemba (official) 30.1%, Nyanja (official) 10.7%, Tonga (official) 10.6%, Lozi (official) 5.7%, Chewa 4.9%, Nsenga 3.4%, Tumbuka 2.5%, Lunda (official) 2.2%, Kaonde (official) 2%, Lala 2%, Luvale (official) 1.7%), English (official) 1.7%, other 22.5% (2000 Census)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "14,222,233 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "46.2% (male 3,300,339/female 3,271,389)", + "15_24_years": "20% (male 1,423,026/female 1,425,654)", + "25_54_years": "28.5% (male 2,042,023/female 2,009,511)", + "55_64_years": "2.9% (male 193,758/female 213,927)", + "65_years_and_over": "2.4% (male 147,705/female 194,901) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "97 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "91.8 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.2 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "19.4 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "16.7 years", + "male": "16.5 years", + "female": "16.8 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.89% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "42.79 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "13.17 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-0.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "39.2% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "4.15% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "LUSAKA (capital) 1.413 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.92 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.75 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "19.2 (2007 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "440 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "68.58 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "74.16 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "62.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "51.51 years", + "male": "49.93 years", + "female": "53.14 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "5.81 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "40.8% (2007)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "5.9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.06 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "2 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 87% of population; rural: 46% of population; total: 61% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 13% of population; rural: 54% of population; total: 39% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 57% of population; rural: 43% of population; total: 48% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 43% of population; rural: 57% of population; total: 52% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "13.5% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "980,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "45,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "3.6% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "14.9% (2007)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "1.4% of GDP (2008)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write English", + "total_population": "61.4%", + "male": "71.9%", + "female": "51.8% (2007 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "7 years", + "male": "8 years", + "female": "7 years (2000)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "1,000,850", + "percentage": "41 %", + "note": "data represents children ages 7-14 (2005 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "23.4% (2005)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Zambia", + "conventional_short_form": "Zambia", + "former": "Northern Rhodesia" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Lusaka", + "geographic_coordinates": "15 25 S, 28 17 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "10 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Muchinga, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "24 October 1964 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 24 October (1964)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "24 August 1991; amended in 1996 to establish presidential term limits" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Michael Chilufya SATA (since 23 September 2011); Vice President Guy SCOTT (since 30 September 2011); the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Michael Chilufya SATA (since 23 September 2011); Vice President Guy SCOTT (since 30 September 2011)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 September 2011 (next to be held in 2016); vice president appointed by the president", + "election_results": "Michael Chilufya SATA elected president; percent of vote - Michael SATA 43.3%, Rupiah BANDA 36.2%, Hakainde HICHILEMA 18.5%, other 2.0%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (158 seats; 150 members are elected by popular vote, 8 members appointed by the president, to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 20 September 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PF 60, MMD 55, UPND 28, ADD 1, FDD 1, independents 3; seats not determined 2" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of 9 judges)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president and ratified by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA", + "subordinate_courts": "High Court; magistrate's courts and local courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Alliance for Democracy and Development or ADD [Charles MILUPI]; Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Edith NAWAKWI]; Heritage Party or HP [Godfrey MIYANDA]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Nevers MUMBA]; National Restoration Party or NAREP [Elias CHIPIMO]; Party of Unity for Democracy and Development or PUDD [Dan PULE]; Patriotic Front or PF [Michael SATA]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Tilyenji KAUNDA]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Hakainde HICHILEMA]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Palan MULONDA", + "chancery": "2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 265-9717 through 9719", + "fax": "[1] (202) 332-0826" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mark C. STORELLA", + "embassy": "Ibex Hill, Lusaka", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka", + "telephone": "[260] (0) (211) 357-000", + "fax": "[260] (0) (211) 357-224" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "green field with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag; green stands for the country's natural resources and vegetation, red symbolizes the struggle for freedom, black the people of Zambia, and orange the country's mineral wealth; the eagle represents the people's ability to rise above the nation's problems" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "African fish eagle" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Lumbanyeni Zambia\" (Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free)", + "lyrics_music": "multiple/Enoch Mankayi SONTONGA", + "note": "adopted 1964; the melody, from the popular song \"God Bless Africa,\" is the same as that of Tanzania but with different lyrics; the melody is also incorporated into South Africa's anthem" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Zambia's economy has experienced strong growth in recent years, with real GDP growth in 2005-12 more than 6% per year. Privatization of government-owned copper mines in the 1990s relieved the government from covering mammoth losses generated by the industry and greatly increased copper mining output and profitability to spur economic growth. Copper output has increased steadily since 2004, due to higher copper prices and foreign investment. In 2005, Zambia qualified for debt relief under the Highly Indebted Poor Country Initiative, consisting of approximately US$6 billion in debt relief. Poverty remains a significant problem in Zambia, despite a stronger economy. Zambia's dependency on copper makes it vulnerable to depressed commodity prices, but record high copper prices and a bumper maize crop in 2010 helped Zambia rebound quickly from the world economic slowdown that began in 2008. Zambia has made some strides to improve the ease of doing business. A high birth rate, relatively high HIV/AIDS burden, and market distorting agricultural policies have meant that Zambia''s economic growth has not dramatically decreased the stubbornly high poverty rate." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$24.36 billion (2012 est.); $22.7 billion (2011 est.); $21.24 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$20.52 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "7.3% (2012 est.); 6.8% (2011 est.); 7.6% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,700 (2012 est.); $1,700 (2011 est.); $1,600 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "15.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 21% of GDP (2011 est.); 26.4% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "59.5%", + "government_consumption": "26%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "19.5%", + "investment_in_inventories": "1.1%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "36.6%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-42.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "20.4%", + "industry": "33.2%", + "services": "46.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), coffee; cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "4.9% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "5.956 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "85%", + "industry": "6%", + "services": "9% (2004)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "14% (2006 est.); 50% (2000 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "64% (2006)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "1.2%", + "highest_10%": "38.8% (2004)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "50.8 (2004); 52.6 (1998)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$4.256 billion", + "expenditures": "$5.256 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "20.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-4.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "33.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 29.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "6.6% (2012 est.); 8.7% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "8.39% (31 December 2009); 14.49% (31 December 2008)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "12.14% (31 December 2012 est.); 18.84% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$2.187 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.631 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$4.906 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.075 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$3.836 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.293 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$4.009 billion (31 December 2011); $2.817 billion (31 December 2010); $2.804 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$1.048 billion (2012 est.); $215 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$8.589 billion (2012 est.); $8.672 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "copper/cobalt, cobalt, electricity; tobacco, flowers, cotton" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "China 42.2%, South Africa 7.2%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 7.2%, South Korea 5.3%, India 4.5%, Egypt 4.5%, UAE 4.4% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$7.361 billion (2012 est.); $6.454 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer, foodstuffs, clothing" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "South Africa 36.2%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 21.3%, China 10.1%, Kuwait 5.7% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$3.042 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.324 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$5.048 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.36 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Zambian kwacha (ZMK) per US dollar -; 5.1 (2012 est.); 4.9 (2011 est.); 4,797.1 (2010 est.); 5,046.1 (2009); 3,512.9 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "10.2 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "7.704 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "110 million kWh (2010)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "33 million kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "1.679 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "0.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "99.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "10,790 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "9,664 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "19,260 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "21.18 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "17,570 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "2.416 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "85,700 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "8.165 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "among the best in sub-Saharan Africa", + "domestic": "high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation and network coverage is improving; domestic satellite system being installed to improve telephone service in rural areas; Internet service is widely available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms", + "international": "country code - 260; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 3 owned by Zamtel (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state-owned Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) operates 1 TV station and is the principal local-content provider; several private TV stations; multi-channel subscription TV services are available; ZNBC operates 3 radio networks; about 2 dozen private radio stations; relays of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible in Lusaka and Kitwe (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".zm" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "16,571 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "816,200 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "88 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "8", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "80", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "5", + "914_to_1_523_m": "53", + "under_914_m": "21 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "oil 771 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "2,157 km", + "narrow_gauge": "2,157 km 1.067-m gauge", + "note": "includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "91,440 km", + "paved": "20,117 km", + "unpaved": "71,323 km (2001)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "2,250 km (includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Mpulungu" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Zambian National Defense Force (ZNDF): Zambia Army, Zambia Air Force, National Service (paramilitary youth organization) (2012)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "national registration required at age 16; 18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service (16 years of age with parental consent); no conscription; Zambian citizenship required; grade 12 certification required; mandatory HIV testing on enlistment; mandatory retirement for officers at age 65 (Army, Air Force) (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "3,041,069", + "females_age_16_49": "2,948,291 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,745,656", + "females_age_16_49": "1,688,670 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "158,592", + "female": "158,805 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "14,871 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 5,963 (Rwanda) (2012)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for southern Africa and possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it an unattractive venue for money launderers; major consumer of cannabis" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/zw-zimbabwe.json b/africa/zw-zimbabwe.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fa3cca5f --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/zw-zimbabwe.json @@ -0,0 +1,615 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The UK annexed Southern Rhodesia from the [British] South Africa Company in 1923. A 1961 constitution was formulated that favored whites in power. In 1965 the government unilaterally declared its independence, but the UK did not recognize the act and demanded more complete voting rights for the black African majority in the country (then called Rhodesia). UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising finally led to free elections in 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) in 1980. Robert MUGABE, the nation's first prime minister, has been the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has dominated the country's political system since independence. His chaotic land redistribution campaign, which began in 2000, caused an exodus of white farmers, crippled the economy, and ushered in widespread shortages of basic commodities. Ignoring international condemnation, MUGABE rigged the 2002 presidential election to ensure his reelection. In April 2005, the capital city of Harare embarked on Operation Restore Order, ostensibly an urban rationalization program, which resulted in the destruction of the homes or businesses of 700,000 mostly poor supporters of the opposition. President MUGABE in June 2007 instituted price controls on all basic commodities causing panic buying and leaving store shelves empty for months. General elections held in March 2008 contained irregularities but still amounted to a censure of the ZANU-PF-led government with the opposition winning a majority of seats in parliament. MDC opposition leader Morgan TSVANGIRAI won the most votes in the presidential polls, but not enough to win outright. In the lead up to a run-off election in late June 2008, considerable violence enacted against opposition party members led to the withdrawal of TSVANGIRAI from the ballot. Extensive evidence of violence and intimidation resulted in international condemnation of the process. Difficult negotiations over a power-sharing government, in which MUGABE remained president and TSVANGIRAI became prime minister, were finally settled in February 2009, although the leaders failed to agree upon many key outstanding governmental issues. MUGABE was reelected president in June 2013 in balloting that was severely flawed and internationally condemned." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "20 00 S, 30 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "390,757 sq km", + "land": "386,847 sq km", + "water": "3,910 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly larger than Montana" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "3,066 km", + "border_countries": "Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "junction of the Runde and Save Rivers 162 m", + "highest_point": "Inyangani 2,592 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "10.49%", + "permanent_crops": "0.31%", + "other": "89.2% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "1,735 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "20 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "4.21 cu km/yr (14%/7%/79%)", + "per_capita": "333.5 cu m/yr (2002)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching; poor mining practices have led to toxic waste and heavy metal pollution" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zambia; in full flood (February-April) the massive Victoria Falls on the river forms the world's largest curtain of falling water; Lake Kariba on the Zambia-Zimbabwe border forms the world's largest reservoir by volume (180 cu km; 43 cu mi)" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Zimbabwean(s)", + "adjective": "Zimbabwean" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "13,182,908 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "39.4% (male 2,623,606/female 2,570,028)", + "15_24_years": "22.5% (male 1,472,186/female 1,493,816)", + "25_54_years": "30.8% (male 2,039,943/female 2,018,589)", + "55_64_years": "3.7% (male 176,951/female 311,113)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.6% (male 193,147/female 283,529) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "76.4 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "69.6 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.8 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "14.7 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "19.5 years", + "male": "19 years", + "female": "20 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "4.38% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "32.41 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "11.4 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "22.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population", + "note": "there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "38.6% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "HARARE (capital) 1.606 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.57 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.7 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "20.5", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2011 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "570 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "27.25 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "29.63 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "24.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "53.86 years", + "male": "53.79 years", + "female": "53.93 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "3.58 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "58.5% (2010/11)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.16 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 69% of population; total: 80% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 31% of population; total: 20% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 52% of population; rural: 32% of population; total: 40% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 48% of population; rural: 68% of population; total: 60% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "14.3% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "1.2 million (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "83,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "malaria and dengue fever", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "7% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "10.1% (2011)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "2.5% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write English", + "total_population": "83.6%", + "male": "87.8%", + "female": "80.1% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "9 years", + "male": "10 years", + "female": "9 years (2003)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "7.6%", + "male": "7.6%", + "female": "7.6% (2004)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Zimbabwe", + "conventional_short_form": "Zimbabwe", + "former": "Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "parliamentary democracy" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Harare", + "geographic_coordinates": "17 49 S, 31 02 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "8 provinces and 2 cities* with provincial status; Bulawayo*, Harare*, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "18 April 1980 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 18 April (1980)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "21 December 1979" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Roman-Dutch civil law, and customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joice MUJURU (since 6 December 2004) and Vice President John Landa NKOMO (since December 2009)", + "head_of_government": "Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987) note - according to the new constitution, following the 31 July 2013 presidential elections the position of Prime Minister was abolished", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly", + "elections": "presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); elections last held on 31 July 2013 (next to be held in 2018); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership", + "election_results": "Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 61.1%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 34.4%, Welshman NCUBE 2.7% other 1.8%; note - the election process was considered flawed and roundly criticised by election monitors and international bodies" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of a Senate (93 seats - 60 members elected by popular vote for a five-year term, 10 provincial governors nominated by the president, 16 traditional chiefs elected by the Council of Chiefs, 2 seats held by the president and deputy president of the Council of Chiefs, and 5 members appointed by the president) and a House of Assembly (210 seats - members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 31 July 2013 (next to be held in 2018)", + "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 37 MDC 23; House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 160, MDC 49, other 1" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 4 judges)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission, an independent body consisting of the chief justice, Public Service Commission chairman, attorney general, and 2-3 members appointed by the president; judges normally serve until age 65, but can elect to serve until age 70", + "subordinate_courts": "High Court, regional magistrate courts, and special courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "African National Party or ANP [Egypt DZINEMUNHENZVA]; Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai or MDC-T [Morgan TSVANGIRAI]; Movement for Democratic Change - Ncube or MDC-N [Welshman NCUBE]; Peace Action is Freedom for All or PAFA; United Parties [Abel MUZOREWA]; United People's Party or UPP [Daniel SHUMBA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga [Wilson KUMBULA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Robert Gabriel MUGABE]; Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Dumiso DABENGWA]; Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance or ZIYA" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition; National Constitutional Assembly or NCA [Lovemore MADHUKU]; Women of Zimbabwe Arise or WOZA [Jenny WILLIAMS]; Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions or ZCTU [Wellington CHIBEBE]" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Machivenyika MAPURANGA", + "chancery": "1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 332-7100", + "fax": "[1] (202) 483-9326" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador David Bruce WHARTON", + "embassy": "172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 3340, Harare", + "telephone": "[263] (4) 250-593 through 250-594", + "fax": "[263] (4) 796-488, or 722-618" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white isosceles triangle edged in black with its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird representing the long history of the country is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle, which symbolizes peace; green represents agriculture, yellow mineral wealth, red the blood shed to achieve independence, and black stands for the native people" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "Zimbabwe bird symbol; African fish eagle" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Kalibusiswe Ilizwe leZimbabwe\" [Northern Ndebele language] \"Simudzai Mureza WeZimbabwe\" [Shona] (Blessed Be the Land of Zimbabwe)", + "lyrics_music": "Solomon MUTSWAIRO/Fred Lecture CHANGUNDEGA", + "note": "adopted 1994" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Zimbabwe's economy is growing despite continuing political uncertainty. Following a decade of contraction from 1998 to 2008, Zimbabwe's economy recorded real growth of more than 9% per year in 2010-11, before slowing to 5% in 2012, due in part to a poor harvest and low diamond revenues. However, the government of Zimbabwe still faces a number of difficult economic problems, including infrastructure and regulatory deficiencies, ongoing indigenization pressure, policy uncertainty, a large external debt burden, and insufficient formal employment. Zimbabwe''s 1998-2002 involvement in the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo drained hundreds of millions of dollars from the economy. The government''s subsequent land reform program, characterized by chaos and violence, badly damaged the commercial farming sector, the traditional source of exports and foreign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs, turning Zimbabwe into a net importer of food products. Until early 2009, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe routinely printed money to fund the budget deficit, causing hyperinflation. Dollarization in early 2009 - which allowed currencies such as the Botswana pula, the South Africa rand, and the US dollar to be used locally - ended hyperinflation and reduced inflation to about 10%, but exposed structural weaknesses that continue to inhibit broad-based growth." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$7.366 billion (2012 est.); $7.054 billion (2011 est.); $6.38 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$9.802 billion", + "note": "in 2009, the Zimbabwean dollar was taken out of circulation, making Zimbabwe's GDP at the official exchange rate a highly inaccurate statistic (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "4.4% (2012 est.); 10.6% (2011 est.); 9.6% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$600 (2012 est.); $500 (2011 est.); $500 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "68%", + "government_consumption": "29.4%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "21.9%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "67.9%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-87.1% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "20.3%", + "industry": "25.1%", + "services": "54.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; sheep, goats, pigs" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, diamonds, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel; wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "4.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "3.931 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "66%", + "industry": "10%", + "services": "24% (1996)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "95% (2009 est.); 80% (2005 est.)", + "note": "figures reflect underemployment; true unemployment is unknown and, under current economic conditions, unknowable" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "68% (2004)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2%", + "highest_10%": "40.4% (1995)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "50.1 (2006); 50.1 (1995)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$NA", + "expenditures": "$NA" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "NA% of GDP" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "NA% of GDP" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "187.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 180.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "8.2% (2012 est.); 5.4% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "7.17% (31 December 2010 est.); 975% (31 December 2007)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "30% (31 December 2012 est.); 34% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$12.27 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.586 billion (31 December 2011 est.)", + "note": "Zimbabwe's central bank no longer publishes data on monetary aggregates, except for bank deposits, which amounted to $2.1 billion in November 2010; the Zimbabwe dollar stopped circulating in early 2009; since then, the US dollar and South African rand have been the most frequently used currencies; there are no reliable estimates of the amount of foreign currency circulating in Zimbabwe" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$11 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $22.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$9.844 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.289 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$10.9 billion (31 December 2011); $11.48 billion (31 December 2010); $3.83 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$521.9 million (2012 est.); -$621.5 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$3.314 billion (2012 est.); $2.932 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "platinum, cotton, tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "China 20.4%, South Africa 14.9%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 12.9%, Botswana 11.5%, Italy 4.4% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$4.569 billion (2012 est.); $4.272 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels, food products" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "South Africa 51.2%, China 9.7% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$575.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $660.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$8.767 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.276 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Zimbabwean dollars (ZWD) per US dollar -; 234.25 (2010); 234.25 (2009); 9,686.8 (2007)", + "note": "the dollar was adopted as a legal currency in 2009; since then the Zimbabwean dollar has experienced hyperinflation and is essentially worthless" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "7.615 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "12.54 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "53 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "5.497 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "2.005 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "66.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "33.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "19,030 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "13,140 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "8.493 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "356,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "9.2 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance", + "domestic": "consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, and a substantial mobile-cellular network; Internet connection is available in Harare and planned for all major towns and for some of the smaller ones", + "international": "country code - 263; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; 2 international digital gateway exchanges (in Harare and Gweru) (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "government owns all local radio and TV stations; foreign shortwave broadcasts and satellite TV are available to those who can afford antennas and receivers; in rural areas, access to TV broadcasts is extremely limited (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".zw" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "30,615 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "1.423 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "196 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "17", + "over_3_047_m": "3", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "5", + "914_to_1_523_m": "7 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "179", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", + "914_to_1_523_m": "104", + "under_914_m": "72 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "refined products 270 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "3,427 km", + "narrow_gauge": "3,427 km 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified) (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "97,267 km", + "paved": "18,481 km", + "unpaved": "78,786 km (2002)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "(some navigation possible on Lake Kariba) (2011)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Binga, Kariba" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Zimbabwe Defense Forces (ZDF): Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA), Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ) (2012)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-24 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women are eligible to serve (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,616,051", + "females_age_16_49": "2,868,376 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,528,166", + "females_age_16_49": "1,646,041 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "154,870", + "female": "152,550 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "3.8% of GDP (2006)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Namibia has supported, and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "idps": "undetermined (political violence, human rights violations, land reform, and economic collapse) (2012)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Zimbabwe is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Zimbabwean women and girls from towns bordering South Africa, Mozambique, and Zambia are subjected to prostitution, sometimes being sold by their parents; Zimbabwean men, women, and children are subjected to forced labor in agriculture and domestic service in rural areas, as well as domestic servitude and sex trafficking in cities and towns; Zimbabwean women and men are lured into exploitative labor situations in Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, Nigeria, and South Africa with false job offers, while women and girls are lured to China, Egypt, the UK, and Canada and forced into prostitution; adults and children from Bangladesh, Somalia, India, Pakistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia are trafficked through Zimbabwe en route to South Africa", + "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Zimbabwe does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; tangible efforts to investigate and prosecute trafficking offenses, including those allegedly involving government officials, and to protect victims remain minimal; the government continues to rely on an international organization to provide law enforcement training and on NGOs to identify and assist victims without government support for such work; a national trafficking awareness campaign was launched in November 2012 (2013)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transit point for cannabis and South Asian heroin, mandrax, and methamphetamines en route to South Africa" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file