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7
europe/al.json
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@ -653,7 +653,7 @@
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EITI (compliant country), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO",
"note": "<strong>note</strong>: Albania is an EU candidate country whose satisfactory completion of accession criteria is required before being granted full EU membership"
"note": "<strong>note</strong>: Albania is an EU candidate country and must complete accession criteria before being granted full membership"
},
"Independence": {
"text": "28 November 1912 (from the Ottoman Empire)"
@ -670,7 +670,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, black"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Hymni i Flamurit\" (Hymn to the Flag)"
},
@ -679,8 +679,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1912"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1912"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

5
europe/an.json
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@ -579,7 +579,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, yellow, red"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"El Gran Carlemany\" (The Great Charlemagne)"
},
@ -588,8 +588,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1921; the anthem provides a brief history of Andorra in a first-person narrative"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1921; the anthem provides a brief history of Andorra in a first-person narrative"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

2
europe/au.json
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@ -676,7 +676,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Bundeshymne\" (Federal Hymn)"
},

9
europe/be.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Belgium became independent from the Netherlands in 1830; it was occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II. The country prospered as a modern, technologically advanced European state and member of NATO and the EU. In recent years, longstanding tensions between the Dutch-speaking Flemish of the north and the French-speaking Walloons of the south have led to constitutional amendments granting these regions formal recognition and autonomy. The capital city of Brussels is home to numerous international organizations, including the EU and NATO.</p>"
"text": "Belgium became independent from the Netherlands in 1830; it was occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II. The country prospered as a modern, technologically advanced European state and member of NATO and the EU. In recent years, longstanding tensions between the Dutch-speaking Flemish of the north and the French-speaking Walloons of the south have led to constitutional amendments granting these regions formal recognition and autonomy. The capital city of Brussels is home to numerous international organizations, including the EU and NATO."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -626,7 +626,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties": {
"text": "<strong>Flemish parties:</strong> <br>Christian Democratic and Flemish or CD&amp;V <br>Vooruit or Forward (formerly Social Progressive Alternative or SP.A)<br>Groen or Green (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens)<br>New Flemish Alliance or N-VA <br>Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats or Open VLD <br>Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB <br><strong>Francophone parties:</strong> <br>Ecolo (Francophone Greens) <br>Francophone Federalist Democrats or Defi <br>Les Engages (formerly Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH)<br>Reform Movement or MR <br>Socialist Party or PS <br>Workers' Party or PVDA-PTB"
"text": "<strong>Flemish parties:</strong> <br>Christian Democratic and Flemish or CD&amp;V <br>Vooruit or Forward (formerly Social Progressive Alternative or SP.A)<br>Groen or Green (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens)<br>New Flemish Alliance or N-VA <br>Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats or Open VLD <br>Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB <br><br><strong>Francophone parties:</strong> <br>Ecolo (Francophone Greens) <br>Francophone Federalist Democrats or Defi <br>Les Engages (formerly Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH)<br>Reform Movement or MR <br>Socialist Party or PS <br>Workers' Party or PVDA-PTB"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -686,7 +686,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, black, yellow"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"La Braban&ccedil;onne\" (The Song of Brabant)"
},
@ -695,8 +695,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1830; according to legend, Louis-Alexandre DECHET, an actor at the theater where the revolution against the Netherlands began, wrote the lyrics with a group of young people in a Brussels cafe"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1830; according to legend, Louis-Alexandre DECHET, an actor at the theater where the revolution against the Netherlands began, wrote the lyrics with a group of young people in a Brussels cafe"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

9
europe/bk.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>After four centuries of Ottoman rule over Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary took control in 1878 and held the region until 1918, when it was incorporated into the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. After World War II, Bosnia and Herzegovina joined the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY).<br><br>Bosnia and Herzegovina declared sovereignty in October 1991 and independence from the SFRY on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs. Bosnian Serb militias, with the support of Serbia and Croatia, then tried to take control of territories they claimed as their own. From 1992 to 1995, ethnic cleansing campaigns killed thousands and displaced more than two million people. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the warring parties initialed a peace agreement, and the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995.</p> <p>The Dayton Accords retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and created a multiethnic and democratic government composed of two entities roughly equal in size: the predominantly Bosniak-Bosnian Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the predominantly Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The Dayton Accords also established the Office of the High Representative to oversee the agreement's implementation. In 1996, the NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) took over responsibility for enforcing the peace. In 2004, European Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR. As of 2022, EUFOR deploys around 1,600 troops in Bosnia in a peacekeeping capacity. Bosnia and Herzegovina became an official candidate for EU membership in 2022.</p>"
"text": "After four centuries of Ottoman rule over Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary took control in 1878 and held the region until 1918, when it was incorporated into the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. After World War II, Bosnia and Herzegovina joined the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). <br><br>Bosnia and Herzegovina declared sovereignty in October 1991 and independence from the SFRY on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs. Bosnian Serb militias, with the support of Serbia and Croatia, then tried to take control of territories they claimed as their own. From 1992 to 1995, ethnic cleansing campaigns killed thousands and displaced more than two million people. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the warring parties initialed a peace agreement, and the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995. <br><br>The Dayton Accords retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and created a multiethnic and democratic government composed of two entities roughly equal in size: the predominantly Bosniak-Bosnian Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the predominantly Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The Dayton Accords also established the Office of the High Representative to oversee the agreement's implementation. In 1996, the NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) took over responsibility for enforcing the peace. In 2004, European Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR. As of 2022, EUFOR deploys around 1,600 troops in Bosnia in a peacekeeping capacity. Bosnia and Herzegovina became an official candidate for EU membership in 2022."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -515,7 +515,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Chairperson of the Presidency Zeljka CVIJANOVIC (chairperson since 16 November 2024; presidency member since 16 November 2022 - Serb seat); Denis BECIROVIC (presidency member since 16 November 2022 - Bosniak seat); Zeljko KOMSIC (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Croat seat)"
"text": "Chairperson of the Presidency Zeljko KOMSIC (chairperson since 16 July 2025; presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Croat seat); Denis BECIROVIC (presidency member since 16 November 2022 - Bosniak seat); Zeljka CVIJANOVIC (presidency member since 16 November 2022 - Serb seat)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers Borjana KRISTO (since 25 January 2023)"
@ -676,7 +676,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, yellow, white"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Drzavna himna Bosne i Hercegovine\" (The National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina)"
},
@ -685,8 +685,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "music adopted 1999; lyrics proposed in 2008 and 2016 were not approved"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> music adopted 1999; lyrics proposed in 2008 and 2016 were not approved"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

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europe/bo.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "After seven decades as a constituent republic of the USSR, Belarus attained its independence in 1991. It has retained closer political and economic ties to Russia than any of the other former Soviet republics. In 1999, Belarus and Russia signed a treaty on a two-state union, envisioning greater political and economic integration. Although Belarus agreed to a framework to carry out the accord, serious implementation has yet to take place and negotiations on further integration have been contentious. Since taking office in 1994 as the country's first and only directly elected president, Alyaksandr LUKASHENKA has steadily consolidated his power through authoritarian means and a centralized economic system. Government restrictions on political and civil freedoms, freedom of speech and the press, peaceful assembly, and religion have remained in place. Restrictions on political freedoms have tightened in the wake of the disputed presidential election in 2020. The election results sparked large-scale protests as members of the opposition and civil society criticized the election’s validity. LUKASHENKA has remained in power as the disputed winner of the presidential election after quelling protests in 2020. Since 2022, Belarus has facilitated Russia's war in Ukraine, which was launched in part from Belarusian territory.  <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>"
"text": "After seven decades as a constituent republic of the USSR, Belarus attained its independence in 1991. It has retained closer political and economic ties to Russia than any of the other former Soviet republics. In 1999, Belarus and Russia signed a treaty on a two-state union, envisioning greater political and economic integration. Although Belarus agreed to a framework to carry out the accord, serious implementation has yet to take place and negotiations on further integration have been contentious. Since taking office in 1994 as the country's first and only directly elected president, Alyaksandr LUKASHENKA has steadily consolidated his power through authoritarian means and a centralized economic system. Government restrictions on political and civil freedoms, freedom of speech and the press, peaceful assembly, and religion have remained in place. Restrictions on political freedoms have tightened in the wake of the disputed presidential election in 2020. The election results sparked large-scale protests as members of the opposition and civil society criticized the election&rsquo;s validity. LUKASHENKA has remained in power as the disputed winner of the presidential election after quelling protests in 2020. Since 2022, Belarus has facilitated Russia's war in Ukraine, which was launched in part from Belarusian territory."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -677,7 +677,8 @@
"text": "25 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "Independence Day, 3 July (1944); note - 3 July 1944 was the date Minsk was liberated from German troops, 25 August 1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union"
"text": "Independence Day, 3 July (1944)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 3 July 1944 was the date Minsk was liberated from German troops, 25 August 1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "red horizontal band (top) and green horizontal band one-half the width of the red band; a white vertical stripe on the hoist side bears Belarusian national ornamentation in red; the red stands for past struggles from oppression, and the green represents hope and the many forests of the country"
@ -688,7 +689,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "green, red, white"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"My, Bielarusy\" (We Belarusians)"
},
@ -697,8 +698,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "music adopted 1955, lyrics adopted 2002; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Belarus kept the music of its Soviet-era anthem but adopted new lyrics; also known as \"Dziarzauny himn Respubliki Bielarus\" (State Anthem of the Republic of Belarus)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> music adopted 1955, lyrics adopted 2002; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Belarus kept the music of its Soviet-era anthem but adopted new lyrics; also known as \"Dziarzauny himn Respubliki Bielarus\" (State Anthem of the Republic of Belarus)"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

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europe/bu.json
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@ -657,7 +657,7 @@
"National coat of arms": {
"text": "Bulgaria&rsquo;s coat of arms in the national colors of white, green, and red was adopted in 1997; the three lions are a national symbol for strength, courage, and leadership that was used during the country&rsquo;s liberation movement in the 1870s and the kingdom period in the early 20th century; above the shield is the crown of Bulgaria (originally the crown of the medieval Bulgarian tsars) with a gold cross on top; a white scroll over the oak branches bears the Bulgarian national motto, &ldquo;United we stand strong&rdquo;"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Mila Rodino\" (Dear Homeland)"
},
@ -666,8 +666,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1964; composed in 1885 by a student en route to fight in the Serbo-Bulgarian War"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1964; composed in 1885 by a student en route to fight in the Serbo-Bulgarian War"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

8
europe/cy.json
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@ -656,7 +656,8 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Turkish Cypriots proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but only Turkey recognizes these proclamations"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "Independence Day, 1 October (1960); note - Turkish Cypriots celebrate 15 November (1983) as \"Republic Day\""
"text": "Independence Day, 1 October (1960)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Turkish Cypriots celebrate 15 November (1983) as \"Republic Day\""
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "a copper-colored silhouette of the island is centered on a white field above two crossed green olive branches, which symbolize the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities",
@ -668,7 +669,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, white"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Ymnos eis tin Eleftherian\" (Hymn to Liberty)"
},
@ -677,8 +678,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1960; Cyprus uses the Greek national anthem; the Turkish Cypriot community in Cyprus uses Turkey's national anthem"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1960; Cyprus uses the Greek national anthem; the Turkish Cypriot community in Cyprus uses Turkey's national anthem"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

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europe/da.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is part of the general political and economic integration of Europe. It joined NATO in 1949 and the EEC (now the EU) in 1973. The country has opted out of certain elements of the EU's Maastricht Treaty, including the European Economic and Monetary Union and justice and home affairs issues. a 2022 referendum resulted in the removal of Denmark's 30-year opt-out on defense issues, now allowing Denmark to participate fully in the EU's Common Security and Defense Policy.</p>"
"text": "Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is part of the general political and economic integration of Europe. It joined NATO in 1949 and the EEC (now the EU) in 1973. The country has opted out of certain elements of the EU's Maastricht Treaty, including the European Economic and Monetary Union and justice and home affairs issues. a 2022 referendum resulted in the removal of Denmark's 30-year opt-out on defense issues, now allowing Denmark to participate fully in the EU's Common Security and Defense Policy."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -642,7 +642,8 @@
"text": "ca. 965 (unified and Christianized under Harald I GORMSSON); 5 June 1849 (became a parliamentary constitutional monarchy)"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "Constitution Day, 5 June (1849); note - closest equivalent to a national holiday"
"text": "Constitution Day, 5 June (1849)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> closest equivalent to a national holiday"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side; the banner is referred to as the Dannebrog (Danish flag) and is one of the oldest national flags in the world; traditions as to the origin of the flag design vary, but the best known is a legend that the banner fell from the sky during an early-13th-century battle and inspired the royal army to victory; in actuality, the flag may derive from a crusade banner or ensign",
@ -657,7 +658,7 @@
"National coat of arms": {
"text": "Denmark’s King Frederick VI adopted the national coat of arms in 1819; the crown of King Christian V, who ruled Denmark and Norway from 1670 to 1699,<em> </em>sits atop the shield, symbolizing royal and national authority; the three lions represent a strong and powerful country, with red lily pads in the shape of hearts that stand for strength, valor, and joy"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Kong Christian\" (King Christian)"
},

13
europe/ee.json
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
"text": "<p>The European Union's (EU) evolution is unprecedented in history, transforming from a regional economic agreement among six neighboring states in 1951 to today's hybrid intergovernmental and supranational organization of 27 countries across the European continent. Such a large number of nation-states ceding some of their sovereignty to an overarching entity is unique. Dynastic unions for territorial consolidation were long the norm in Europe, although country-level unions were sometimes arranged, such as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. </p> <p>The EU is not a federation in the strict sense, but it is far more than a free-trade association such as ASEAN or Mercosur. It has certain attributes associated with independent nations: its own flag, currency (for some members), and law-making abilities, as well as diplomatic representation and a common foreign and security policy in its dealings with external partners.</p> <p>For these reasons, <em>The World Factbook</em> includes basic information on the EU as a separate entity.</p>"
},
"Background": {
"text": "<p>In the aftermath and devastation of the two World Wars, a number of far-sighted European leaders in the late 1940s sought to respond to the overwhelming desire for peace and reconciliation on the continent. In 1950, French Foreign Minister Robert SCHUMAN proposed pooling the production of coal and steel in Western Europe, which would bring France and West Germany together and be open to other countries as well. The following year, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was set up when six members -- Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands -- signed the Treaty of Paris.</p> <p>Within a few years, the ECSC was so successful that member states decided to further integrate their economies. In 1957, envisioning an \"ever closer union,\" the Treaties of Rome created the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), which eliminated trade barriers among the six member states to create a common market. In 1967, the institutions of all three communities were formally merged into the European Community (EC), creating a single Commission, a single Council of Ministers, and a legislative body known today as the European Parliament. Members of the European Parliament were initially selected by national parliaments, but direct elections began in 1979 and have been held every five years since.</p> <p>In 1973, the first enlargement of the EC added Denmark, Ireland, and the UK. The 1980s saw further membership expansion, with Greece joining in 1981 and Spain and Portugal in 1986. The 1992 Treaty of Maastricht laid the basis for further cooperation in foreign and defense policy and judicial and internal affairs, as well as the creation of an economic and monetary union -- including a common currency. The Maastricht Treaty created the European Union (EU), at the time standing alongside the EC. In 1995, Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU/EC, raising the total number of member states to 15. On 1 January 1999, the new euro currency was launched in world markets and became the unit of exchange for all EU member states except Denmark, Sweden, and the UK. In 2002, citizens of the 12 participating member states began using euro banknotes and coins.<br><br>In an effort to ensure that the EU could function efficiently with an expanded membership, the Treaty of Nice in 2000 set forth rules to streamline the size and procedures of the EU's institutions. An effort to establish a \"Constitution for Europe,\" growing out of a Convention held in 2002-2003, foundered when it was rejected in referenda in France and the Netherlands in 2005. A subsequent effort in 2007 incorporated many features of the rejected draft Constitutional Treaty, while also making a number of substantive as well as symbolic changes. The new treaty, referred to as the Treaty of Lisbon, sought to amend existing treaties rather than replace them. The treaty was approved at a conference of member states, and after all member states ratified, the Lisbon Treaty came into force on 1 December 2009, at which point the EU officially replaced and succeeded the EC.</p> <p>Ten new countries joined the EU in 2004 -- Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Bulgaria and Romania joined in 2007 and Croatia in 2013. UK citizens on 23 June 2016 narrowly voted to leave the EU; the formal exit, widely known as \"Brexit,\" took place on 31 January 2020. The EU and the UK negotiated a withdrawal agreement that included a status quo transition period through December 2020, when the follow-on EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement was concluded. Current EU membership stands at 27. Eight of the newer member states -- Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Slovakia, and Slovenia -- have now adopted the euro, bringing total euro-zone membership to 20.</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "In the aftermath and devastation of the two World Wars, a number of far-sighted European leaders in the late 1940s sought to respond to the overwhelming desire for peace and reconciliation on the continent. In 1950, French Foreign Minister Robert SCHUMAN proposed pooling the production of coal and steel in Western Europe, which would bring France and West Germany together and be open to other countries as well. The following year, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was set up when six members -- Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands -- signed the Treaty of Paris. <p>Within a few years, the ECSC was so successful that member states decided to further integrate their economies. In 1957, envisioning an \"ever closer union,\" the Treaties of Rome created the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), which eliminated trade barriers among the six member states to create a common market. In 1967, the institutions of all three communities were formally merged into the European Community (EC), creating a single Commission, a single Council of Ministers, and a legislative body known today as the European Parliament. Members of the European Parliament were initially selected by national parliaments, but direct elections began in 1979 and have been held every five years since. <br><br>In 1973, the first enlargement of the EC added Denmark, Ireland, and the UK. The 1980s saw further membership expansion, with Greece joining in 1981 and Spain and Portugal in 1986. The 1992 Treaty of Maastricht laid the basis for further cooperation in foreign and defense policy and judicial and internal affairs, as well as the creation of an economic and monetary union -- including a common currency. The Maastricht Treaty created the European Union (EU), at the time standing alongside the EC. In 1995, Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU/EC, raising the total number of member states to 15. On 1 January 1999, the new euro currency was launched in world markets and became the unit of exchange for all EU member states except Denmark, Sweden, and the UK. In 2002, citizens of the 12 participating member states began using euro banknotes and coins.<br><br>In an effort to ensure that the EU could function efficiently with an expanded membership, the Treaty of Nice in 2000 set forth rules to streamline the size and procedures of the EU's institutions. An effort to establish a \"Constitution for Europe,\" growing out of a Convention held in 2002-2003, foundered when it was rejected in referenda in France and the Netherlands in 2005. A subsequent effort in 2007 incorporated many features of the rejected draft Constitutional Treaty, while also making a number of substantive as well as symbolic changes. The new treaty, referred to as the Treaty of Lisbon, sought to amend existing treaties rather than replace them. The treaty was approved at a conference of member states, and after all member states ratified, the Lisbon Treaty came into force on 1 December 2009, at which point the EU officially replaced and succeeded the EC. <br><br>Ten new countries joined the EU in 2004 -- Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Bulgaria and Romania joined in 2007 and Croatia in 2013. UK citizens on 23 June 2016 narrowly voted to leave the EU; the formal exit, widely known as \"Brexit,\" took place on 31 January 2020. The EU and the UK negotiated a withdrawal agreement that included a status quo transition period through December 2020, when the follow-on EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement was concluded. Current EU membership stands at 27. Eight of the newer member states -- Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Slovakia, and Slovenia -- have now adopted the euro, bringing total euro-zone membership to 20.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
"note": "<strong>rank by area (sq km):<br></strong>1. France (includes five overseas regions) 643,801 <br>2. Spain 505,370 <br>3. Sweden 450,295 <br>4. Germany 357,022 <br>5. Finland 338,145 <br>6. Poland 312,685 <br>7. Italy 301,340<br>8. Romania 238,391 <br>9. Greece 131,957 <br>10. Bulgaria 110,879 <br>11. Hungary 93,028 <br>12. Portugal 92,090 <br>13. Austria 83,871 <br>14. Czechia 78,867 <br>15. Ireland 70,273 <br>16. Lithuania 65,300 <br>17. Latvia 64,589 <br>18. Croatia 56,594 <br>19. Slovakia 49,035 <br>20. Estonia 45,228 <br>21. Denmark 43,094 <br>22. Netherlands 41,543 <br>23. Belgium 30,528 <br>24. Slovenia 20,273 <br>25. Cyprus 9,251 <br>26. Luxembourg 2,586 <br>27. Malta 316"
},
"Area - comparative": {
"text": "less than one half the size of the United States"
"text": "less than one-half the size of the United States"
},
"Land boundaries": {
"total": {
@ -248,10 +248,10 @@
}
},
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age (16 years in Austria); universal; voting for the European Parliament is permitted in each member state"
"text": "18 years of age (16 years in Austria); universal; voting for the European Parliament occurs in each member state"
},
"Executive branch": {
"text": "<br>three EU institutions have functions that can be regarded as executive in nature:<em><br></em> <p><em>European Council </em>- composed of member-state heads of state or government, along with the president of the European Commission; meets at least four times a year to issue general policy guidance; the president of the European Council is appointed by leaders of the EU member states for a 2 1/2 year term, renewable once</p> <strong>president:</strong> António Costa (since 1 December 2024)<br><br><em>Council of the European Union </em>- consists of member-state officials, ranging from working-level diplomats to cabinet ministers in specific policy fields such as foreign affairs, agriculture, or economy; has policymaking, coordinating, and legislative functions<br><br><strong>president:</strong> the six-month presidency rotates among the member states <em><em><br></em></em> <p><em>European Commission</em> - composed of 27 commissioners (one from each member state), including the president; the president assigns each commissioner one or more policy areas, called portfolios; the Commission has the sole right to initiate EU legislation, except for foreign and security/defense policy, and is responsible for monitoring the application of EU law, implementing/executing the EU budget, negotiating in certain policy areas, and ensuring the EU's external representation in some policy areas; the president is nominated for a 5-year term by the European Council and confirmed by the European Parliament; the European Parliament also confirms the entire Commission for a 5-year term</p> <strong>president: </strong>Ursula von der Leyen (since 1 December 2019)",
"text": "three EU institutions have functions that can be regarded as executive in nature:<br><br><em>European Council</em> - composed of member-state heads of state or government, along with the president of the European Commission; meets at least four times a year to issue general policy guidance; the president of the European Council is appointed by leaders of the EU member states for a 2 1/2 year term, renewable once <br><br><strong>president:</strong> António Costa (since 1 December 2024)<br><br><em>Council of the European Union </em>- consists of member-state officials, ranging from working-level diplomats to cabinet ministers in specific policy fields such as foreign affairs, agriculture, or economy; has policymaking, coordinating, and legislative functions<br><br><strong>president:</strong> the six-month presidency rotates among the member states <br><em><em><br></em></em> <em>European Commission</em> - composed of 27 commissioners (one from each member state), including the president; the president assigns each commissioner one or more policy areas, called portfolios; the Commission has the sole right to initiate EU legislation, except for foreign and security/defense policy, and is responsible for monitoring the application of EU law, implementing/executing the EU budget, negotiating in certain policy areas, and ensuring the EU's external representation in some policy areas; the president is nominated for a 5-year term by the European Council and confirmed by the European Parliament; the European Parliament also confirms the entire Commission for a 5-year term <br><br><strong>president: </strong>Ursula von der Leyen (since 1 December 2019)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> for external representation and foreign policy, member-state leaders appoint a High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy; the High Representative's concurrent appointment as Vice President of the European Commission is meant to bring more coherence to the EU’s foreign policy; the High Representative helps develop and implement the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy and Common Security and Defense Policy, chairs the Council of the EU's meetings of member-state foreign ministers, represents and acts for the EU in many international contexts, and oversees the European External Action Service, the EU's diplomatic corps"
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -348,7 +348,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, yellow"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Ode to Joy\""
},
@ -357,8 +357,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1985; the anthem is meant to represent all of Europe rather than just the organization, conveying the ideals of peace, freedom, and unity"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1985; the anthem is meant to represent all of Europe rather than just the organization, conveying the ideals of peace, freedom, and unity"
}
}
},
"Economy": {

11
europe/ei.json
View file

@ -660,7 +660,8 @@
"text": "6 December 1921 (from the UK); 6 December 1922 (Irish Free State established); 18 April 1949 (Republic of Ireland Act enabled)"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March; note - marks the traditional death date of Saint Patrick, patron saint of Ireland, during the latter half of the fifth century A.D. (most commonly cited years are c. 461 and c. 493); although Saint Patrick's feast day was celebrated in Ireland as early as the ninth century, it only became an official public holiday in Ireland in 1903"
"text": "Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> marks the traditional death date of Saint Patrick, patron saint of Ireland, during the latter half of the fifth century A.D. (most commonly cited years are c. 461 and c. 493); Saint Patrick's feast day was celebrated as early as the ninth century, but it only became an official public holiday in 1903"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and orange; the flag colors have no official meaning, but a common interpretation is that the green stands for the Irish nationalist tradition, orange for the Orange tradition (minority supporters of William of Orange), and white for peace or a lasting truce between the green and the orange",
@ -672,7 +673,10 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, green"
},
"National anthem": {
"National coat of arms": {
"text": "the coat of arms features a gold harp on a blue shield and dates back to the 13th century, although it only became official in 1945; the harp, a national symbol that Ireland adopted after gaining independence from the United Kingdom in 1921, represents the country’s history, culture, and national identity"
},
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Amhran na bhFiann\" (The Soldier's Song)"
},
@ -681,8 +685,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1926; the song \"Ireland's Call\" is often used as the anthem at athletic events if citizens of Ireland and Northern Ireland are competing as a unified team"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1926; the song \"Ireland's Call\" is often used as the anthem at athletic events if citizens of Ireland and Northern Ireland are competing as a unified team"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

8
europe/en.json
View file

@ -630,7 +630,8 @@
"text": "24 February 1918 (from Soviet Russia); 20 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union)"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "Independence Day, 24 February (1918); note - 24 February 1918 was the date Estonia declared its independence from Soviet Russia and established its statehood; 20 August 1991 was the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union restoring its statehood"
"text": "Independence Day, 24 February (1918)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 24 February 1918 was the date Estonia declared its independence from Soviet Russia and established its statehood; 20 August 1991 was the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union and restored its statehood"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), black, and white; blue represents faith, loyalty, and devotion, and also the sky, sea, and lakes; black stands for the soil of the country, as well as the Estonian people's past suffering; white stands for striving towards enlightenment and virtue and also for birch bark, snow, and summer nights illuminated by the midnight sun"
@ -641,7 +642,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, black, white"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Mu isamaa, mu onn ja room\" (My Native Land, My Pride and Joy)"
},
@ -650,8 +651,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1920, but banned between 1940 and 1990 under Soviet occupation; unofficially in use since 1869, it has the same melody as Finland's anthem, but with different lyrics"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1920, but banned between 1940 and 1990 under Soviet occupation; unofficially in use since 1869, it has the same melody as Finland's anthem, but with different lyrics"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

5
europe/ez.json
View file

@ -684,7 +684,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "white, red, blue"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Kde domov muj?\" (Where is My Home?)"
},
@ -693,8 +693,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1993; the anthem was originally written as incidental music for the play \"Fidlovacka\" (1834), but it soon became popular as an unofficial anthem of the Czech nation; its first verse served as the official Czechoslovak anthem beginning in 1918, and the second verse (Slovak) was dropped after Czechoslovakia was dissolved in 1993"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1993; the anthem was originally written as incidental music for the play \"Fidlovacka\" (1834), but it soon became popular as an unofficial anthem of the Czech nation; its first verse served as the official Czechoslovak anthem beginning in 1918, and the second verse (Slovak) was dropped after Czechoslovakia was dissolved in 1993"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

5
europe/fi.json
View file

@ -664,7 +664,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, white"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Maamme\" (Our Land)"
},
@ -673,8 +673,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "in use since 1848; although never officially adopted, the anthem has been popular since a student group first sang it in 1848"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in use since 1848; although never officially adopted, the anthem has been popular since a student group first sang it in 1848"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

8
europe/fo.json
View file

@ -480,7 +480,8 @@
"text": "none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "Olaifest (Olavsoka) (commemorates the death in battle of King OLAF II of Norway, later St. OLAF), 29 July (1030)"
"text": "Olaifest (Olavsoka), 29 July (1030)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>commemorates the death in battle of King OLAF II of Norway, later St. OLAF"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "white with a red cross outlined in blue extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted toward the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); referred to as Merkid, meaning \"the banner\" or \"the mark,\" the flag resembles the flags of Iceland and Norway and uses the same three colors in a different sequence; white represents the clear Faroese sky and sea foam; red and blue are traditional Faroese colors",
@ -489,7 +490,7 @@
"National symbol(s)": {
"text": "ram"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Mitt alfagra land\" (My Fairest Land)"
},
@ -498,8 +499,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1948; the anthem is also known as \"Tu alfagra land mitt\" (Thou Fairest Land of Mine); as a self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark, the Faroe Islands are permitted to have their own national anthem"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1948; the anthem is also known as \"Tu alfagra land mitt\" (Thou Fairest Land of Mine); as a self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark, the Faroe Islands are permitted to have their own national anthem"
}
}
},
"Economy": {

18
europe/fr.json
View file

@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>France today is one of the most modern countries in the world and is a leader among European nations. It plays an influential global role as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, NATO, the G-7, the G-20, the EU, and other multilateral organizations. France rejoined NATO's integrated military command structure in 2009, reversing then President Charles DE GAULLE's 1966 decision to withdraw French forces from NATO. Since 1958, it has constructed a hybrid presidential-parliamentary governing system resistant to the instabilities experienced in earlier, more purely parliamentary administrations. In recent decades, its reconciliation and cooperation with Germany have proved central to the economic integration of Europe, including the introduction of a common currency, the euro, in January 1999. In the early 21st century, five French overseas entities -- French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Reunion -- became French regions and were made part of France proper.</p>"
"text": "France today is one of the most modern countries in the world and is a leader among European nations. It plays an influential global role as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, NATO, the G-7, the G-20, the EU, and other multilateral organizations. France rejoined NATO's integrated military command structure in 2009, reversing then President Charles DE GAULLE's 1966 decision to withdraw French forces from NATO. Since 1958, it has constructed a hybrid presidential-parliamentary governing system resistant to the instabilities experienced in earlier, more purely parliamentary administrations. In recent decades, its reconciliation and cooperation with Germany have proved central to the economic integration of Europe, including the introduction of a common currency, the euro, in January 1999. In the early 21st century, five French overseas entities -- French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Reunion -- became French regions and were made part of France proper."
}
},
"Geography": {
"Location": {
"text": "<p><strong>metropolitan France:</strong> Western Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel, between Belgium and Spain, southeast of the UK; bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and Spain; </p><p><strong>French Guiana:</strong> Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil and Suriname; </p><p><strong>Guadeloupe:</strong> Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Puerto Rico; </p><p><strong>Martinique:</strong> Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago; </p><p><strong>Mayotte:</strong> Southern Indian Ocean, island in the Mozambique Channel, about halfway between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique; </p><p><strong>Reunion:</strong> Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar</p>"
"text": "<strong>metropolitan France:</strong> Western Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel, between Belgium and Spain, southeast of the UK; bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and Spain<br><br><strong>French Guiana:</strong> Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil and Suriname<br><br><strong>Guadeloupe:</strong> Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Puerto Rico<br><br><strong>Martinique:</strong> Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago<br><br><strong>Mayotte:</strong> Southern Indian Ocean, island in the Mozambique Channel, about halfway between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique<br><br><strong>Reunion:</strong> Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar"
},
"Geographic coordinates": {
"text": "<p><strong>metropolitan France:</strong> 46 00 N, 2 00 E; </p><p><strong>French Guiana:</strong> 4 00 N, 53 00 W; </p><p><strong>Guadeloupe:</strong> 16 15 N, 61 35 W; </p><p><strong>Martinique:</strong> 14 40 N, 61 00 W; </p><p><strong>Mayotte:</strong> 12 50 S, 45 10 E; </p><p><strong>Reunion:</strong> 21 06 S, 55 36 E</p>"
"text": "<strong>metropolitan France:</strong> 46 00 N, 2 00 E <p><strong>French Guiana:</strong> 4 00 N, 53 00 W</p> <p><strong>Guadeloupe:</strong> 16 15 N, 61 35 W</p> <p><strong>Martinique:</strong> 14 40 N, 61 00 W</p> <p><strong>Mayotte:</strong> 12 50 S, 45 10 E</p> <strong>Reunion:</strong> 21 06 S, 55 36 E"
},
"Map references": {
"text": "<p><strong>metropolitan France:</strong> Europe; </p><p><strong>French Guiana:</strong> South America; </p><p><strong>Guadeloupe:</strong> Central America and the Caribbean; </p><p><strong>Martinique:</strong> Central America and the Caribbean; </p><p><strong>Mayotte:</strong> Africa; </p><p><strong>Reunion:</strong> World</p>"
"text": "<strong>metropolitan France:</strong> Europe <p><strong>French Guiana:</strong> South America</p> <p><strong>Guadeloupe:</strong> Central America and the Caribbean</p> <p><strong>Martinique:</strong> Central America and the Caribbean</p> <p><strong>Mayotte:</strong> Africa</p> <strong>Reunion:</strong> World"
},
"Area": {
"total ": {
@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
"text": "much of the population is concentrated in the north and southeast; although there are many urban agglomerations throughout the country, Paris is by far the largest city, with Lyon ranked a distant second"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "<p><strong>metropolitan France:</strong> flooding; avalanches; midwinter windstorms; drought; forest fires in south near the Mediterranean;</p> <p><strong>overseas departments:</strong> hurricanes (cyclones); flooding;</p> <p><strong>volcanism:</strong> Montagne Pelee (1,394 m) on the island of Martinique in the Caribbean is the most active volcano of the Lesser Antilles arc, it last erupted in 1932; a catastrophic eruption in May 1902 destroyed the city of St. Pierre, killing an estimated 30,000 people; La Soufriere (1,467 m) on the island of Guadeloupe in the Caribbean last erupted from July 1976 to March 1977; these volcanoes are part of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends from Saba in the north to Grenada in the south</p>"
"text": "<strong>metropolitan France:</strong> flooding; avalanches; midwinter windstorms; drought; forest fires in south<br><br><strong>overseas departments:</strong> hurricanes (cyclones); flooding<br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> Montagne Pelée (1,394 m) on the island of Martinique in the Caribbean is the most active volcano of the Lesser Antilles arc, although it last erupted in 1932; a catastrophic eruption in 1902 destroyed the city of St. Pierre, killing an estimated 30,000 people; La Soufrière (1,467 m) on the island of Guadeloupe has also had explosive eruptions in recent years"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "largest Western European nation; most major French rivers -- the Meuse, Seine, Loire, Charente, Dordogne, and Garonne -- flow northward or westward into the Atlantic Ocean, only the Rhone flows southward into the Mediterranean Sea"
@ -708,7 +708,8 @@
"text": "no official date of independence: 486 (Frankish tribes unified under Merovingian kingship); 10 August 843 (Western Francia established from the division of the Carolingian Empire); 14 July 1789 (French monarchy overthrown); 22 September 1792 (First French Republic established); 4 October 1958 (Fifth French Republic established)"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "Fête de la Fédération, 14 July (1790); note - often incorrectly referred to as Bastille Day, the celebration commemorates the holiday held on the first anniversary of the storming of the Bastille (on 14 July 1789) and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy; other names for the holiday are <em>la Fête nationale</em> (National Holiday) and <em>le Quatorze Juillet</em> (14th of July)"
"text": "Fête de la Fédération, 14 July (1790)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> often incorrectly referred to as Bastille Day, the celebration commemorates the storming of the Bastille prison on 14 July 1789 and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy; other names for the holiday are <em>la Fête nationale</em> (National Holiday) and <em>le Quatorze Juillet</em> (14th of July)"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white, and red; known as the <em>le tricolore</em> (tricolor), the flag dates to 1790 and the French Revolution, when the traditional color of white was combined with the blue and red of the Paris militia; serves as the official flag for all French dependencies",
@ -720,7 +721,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, white, red"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"La Marseillaise\" (The Song of Marseille)"
},
@ -729,8 +730,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1795, restored 1870; originally known as \"Le Chant de Guerre pour l&rsquo;Arm&eacute;e du Rhin\" (War Song for the Army of the Rhine), the National Guard of Marseille made the song famous by singing it while marching into Paris in 1792 during the French Revolutionary Wars"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1795, restored 1870; originally known as \"Le Chant de Guerre pour l’Armée du Rhin\" (War Song for the Army of the Rhine), the National Guard of Marseille made the song famous by singing it while marching into Paris in 1792 during the French Revolutionary Wars"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

11
europe/gi.json
View file

@ -79,8 +79,7 @@
"text": "occasional droughts; no streams or large bodies of water on the peninsula (all potable water comes from desalination)"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea",
"note": "  <br><br> "
"text": "strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -435,7 +434,8 @@
"text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or join Spain"
"text": "National Day, 10 September (1967)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or join Spain"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "two horizontal bands of white (top, double-width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; a gold key hangs from the castle gate and is centered in the red band; the design comes from Gibraltar's coat of arms that was granted on 10 July 1502 by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain; the castle symbolizes Gibraltar as a fortress, and the key represents Gibraltar's strategic importance -- the key to the Mediterranean"
@ -449,7 +449,7 @@
"National coat of arms": {
"text": "King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain granted this coat of arms to Gibraltar in 1502; the castle in the center of the shield represents Gibraltar as a fortress, and the gold key represents its strategic position as the gateway to the Mediterranean; below the shield is the national motto, <em>Montis Insignia Calpe</em> (“Badge of the Rock of Gibraltar”); the coat of arms uses the national colors of red, white, and yellow"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"God Save the King\""
},
@ -458,8 +458,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "official anthem, as an overseas UK territory"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1994; serves as a local anthem; \"God Save the King\" is the official anthem for Gibraltar, as an overseas territory of the United Kingdom (see United Kingdom)"
}
}
},
"Economy": {

5
europe/gk.json
View file

@ -467,7 +467,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, yellow"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"God Save the King\""
},
@ -476,8 +476,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "official anthem, as a British crown dependency"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1911; serves as a local anthem; \"God Save the King\" is the official anthem for Guernsey, as a British crown dependency (see United Kingdom)"
}
}
},
"Economy": {

7
europe/gm.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>As Europe's largest economy and second most-populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating world wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded itself in key western economic and security organizations, including the EC (now the EU) and NATO, while the communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War allowed German reunification to occur in 1990. Since then, Germany has expended considerable funds to bring eastern productivity and wages up to western standards. In January 1999, Germany and 10 other EU countries introduced a common European exchange currency, the euro.</p>"
"text": "As Europe's largest economy and second most-populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating world wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded itself in key western economic and security organizations, including the EC (now the EU) and NATO, while the communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War allowed German reunification to occur in 1990. Since then, Germany has expended considerable funds to bring eastern productivity and wages up to western standards. In January 1999, Germany and 10 other EU countries introduced a common European exchange currency, the euro."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -692,7 +692,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "black, red, yellow"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Das Lied der Deutschen\" (Song of the Germans)"
},
@ -701,8 +701,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "first adopted 1922; the anthem, also known as \"Deutschlandlied\" (Song of Germany), was originally adopted for its connection to the March 1848 liberal revolution; the Nazis later appropriated the first verse -- specifically the phrase \"Deutschland, Deutschland ueber alles\" (Germany, Germany above all) -- to promote nationalism, and the anthem was banned after 1945; in 1952, West Germany adopted the third verse as its national anthem; in 1990, it became the national anthem for the reunited Germany"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> first adopted 1922; the anthem, also known as \"Deutschlandlied\" (Song of Germany), was originally adopted for its connection to the March 1848 liberal revolution; the Nazis later appropriated the first verse -- specifically the phrase \"Deutschland, Deutschland ueber alles\" (Germany, Germany above all) -- to promote nationalism, and the anthem was banned after 1945; in 1952, West Germany adopted the third verse as its national anthem; in 1990, it became the national anthem for the reunited Germany"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

9
europe/gr.json
View file

@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
"text": "one third of the population lives in and around metropolitan Athens; the remainder of the country has moderate population density mixed with sizeable urban clusters"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "<p>severe earthquakes</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> Santorini (367 m) has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; although there have been very few eruptions in recent centuries, Methana and Nisyros in the Aegean are classified as historically active</p>"
"text": "severe earthquakes <br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> Santorini (367 m) has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Methana and Nisyros in the Aegean are also classified as historically active"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and southern approach to Turkish Straits; a peninsular country, with an archipelago of about 2,000 islands"
@ -540,7 +540,7 @@
"text": "12 February 2025"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em>2025: </em>Konstantinos TASOULAS (ND) elected president by Parliament - 160 of 300 votes<em><br><br>2020:</em> Katerina SAKELLAROPOULOU (independent) elected president by Parliament - 261 of 300 votes<em><br></em>"
"text": "<em><br>2025: </em>Konstantinos TASOULAS (ND) elected president by Parliament - 160 of 300 votes<em><br><br>2020:</em> Katerina SAKELLAROPOULOU (independent) elected president by Parliament - 261 of 300 votes"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2030"
@ -662,7 +662,7 @@
"National coat of arms": {
"text": "the coat of arms was designed by Greek artist Kostas Grammatopoulos and has been in use since 1975; depicted in the national colors of blue and white; the white cross represents the country&rsquo;s primary religion, Greek Orthodoxy, and the laurel branches symbolize victory"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Ymnos eis tin Eleftherian\" (Hymn to Liberty)"
},
@ -671,8 +671,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1864; the anthem is based on a 158-stanza poem by the same name, which was inspired by the Greek Revolution of 1821 against the Ottomans (only the first two stanzas are used); Cyprus also uses \"Hymn to Liberty\" as its anthem"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1864; the anthem is based on a 158-stanza poem by the same name, which was inspired by the Greek Revolution of 1821 against the Ottomans (only the first two stanzas are used); Cyprus also uses \"Hymn to Liberty\" as its anthem"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

10
europe/hr.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the end of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent communist state consisting of six socialist republics, including Croatia, under the strong hand of Josip Broz, aka TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before Yugoslav forces were cleared from Croatian lands, along with a majority of Croatia's ethnic Serb population. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. The country joined NATO in 2009 and the EU in 2013. In January 2023, Croatia further integrated into the EU by joining the Eurozone and the Schengen Area.</p>"
"text": "The lands that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the end of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia became a federal independent communist state consisting of six socialist republics, including Croatia, under the strong hand of Josip Broz, aka TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before Yugoslav forces were cleared from Croatian lands, along with a majority of Croatia's ethnic Serb population. Under UN supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998. The country joined NATO in 2009 and the EU in 2013. In January 2023, Croatia further integrated into the EU by joining the Eurozone and the Schengen Area."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -650,7 +650,8 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 25 June 1991 was the day the Croatian parliament voted for independence; the legislature adopted a decision on 8 October 1991 to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "Statehood Day (National Day), 30 May (1990); note - marks the day in 1990 that the first modern multi-party Croatian parliament convened"
"text": "Statehood Day (National Day), 30 May (1990)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> marks the day in 1990 that the first modern multi-party Croatian parliament convened"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue -- the pan-Slav colors -- with the Croatian coat of arms in the center; the coat of arms consists of a main shield (a checkerboard of 13 red and 12 silver fields) with five smaller shields that form a crown over the main shield; the small shields represent the five historic regions (from left to right): Croatia, Dubrovnik, Dalmatia, Istria, and Slavonia",
@ -662,7 +663,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, blue"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Lijepa nasa domovino\" (Our Beautiful Homeland)"
},
@ -671,8 +672,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted in 1972 while still part of Yugoslavia; the lyrics were written in 1835, and it served as an unofficial anthem beginning in 1891"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted in 1972 while still part of Yugoslavia; the lyrics were written in 1835, and it served as an unofficial anthem beginning in 1891"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

10
europe/hu.json
View file

@ -493,7 +493,7 @@
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "<p>19 counties (<em>megyek</em>, singular - <em>megye</em>), 25 cities with county rights (<em>megyei jogu varosok</em>, singular - <em>megyei jogu varos</em>), and 1 capital city (<em>fovaros</em>)</p> <p><strong>counties:</strong> Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad-Csanad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala</p> <p><strong>cities with county rights:</strong> Baja, Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Esztergom, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg</p> <p><strong>capital city:</strong> Budapest</p>"
"text": "19 counties (<em>megyek</em>, singular - <em>megye</em>), 25 cities with county rights (<em>megyei jogu varosok</em>, singular - <em>megyei jogu varos</em>), and 1 capital city (<em>fovaros</em>) <br><br><strong>counties:</strong> Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad-Csanad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala <br><br><strong>cities with county rights:</strong> Baja, Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Esztergom, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg <br><br><strong>capital city:</strong> Budapest"
},
"Legal system": {
"text": "civil system influenced by the German model"
@ -648,7 +648,8 @@
"text": "16 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established)"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August (1083); note - commemorates his canonization and the transfer of his remains to Buda (now Budapest) in 1083"
"text": "Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August (1083)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> commemorates the saint's canonization and the transfer of his remains to Buda (now Budapest) in 1083"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green; the flag dates to the national movement of the 18th and 19th centuries and fuses the medieval colors of the Hungarian coat of arms with the revolutionary tricolor of the French flag; folklore attributes virtues to the colors: red for strength, white for faithfulness, and green for hope; alternatively, the red can stand for the blood spilled in defense of the land, white for freedom, and green for pasturelands&nbsp;"
@ -659,7 +660,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, green"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Himnusz\" (Hymn)"
},
@ -668,8 +669,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1844"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1844"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

9
europe/ic.json
View file

@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
"text": "Iceland is almost entirely urban, with half of the population located in and around the capital of Reykjavik; smaller clusters are primarily found along the coast in the north and west"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "<p>earthquakes and volcanic activity</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> Iceland, situated on top of a hotspot, experiences severe volcanic activity; Eyjafjallajokull (1,666 m) erupted in 2010, sending ash high into the atmosphere and seriously disrupting European air traffic; scientists continue to monitor nearby Katla (1,512 m), which has a high probability of eruption in the very near future, potentially disrupting air traffic; Grimsvoetn and Hekla are Iceland's most active volcanoes; other historically active volcanoes include Askja, Bardarbunga, Brennisteinsfjoll, Esjufjoll, Hengill, Krafla, Krisuvik, Kverkfjoll, Oraefajokull, Reykjanes, Torfajokull, and Vestmannaeyjar</p>"
"text": "earthquakes and volcanic activity <br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> Iceland is situated on top of a hotspot and experiences severe volcanic activity; Eyjafjallajokull (1,666 m) erupted in 2010, sending ash high into the atmosphere and seriously disrupting European air traffic; scientists continue to monitor nearby Katla (1,512 m), which has a high probability of eruption; Grimsvoetn and Hekla are Iceland's most active volcanoes; other historically active volcanoes include Askja, Bardarbunga, Brennisteinsfjoll, Esjufjoll, Hengill, Krafla, Krisuvik, Kverkfjoll, Oraefajokull, Reykjanes, Torfajokull, and Vestmannaeyjar"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location between Greenland and Europe; westernmost European country; Reykjavik is the northernmost national capital in the world; more land covered by glaciers than in all of continental Europe"
@ -578,7 +578,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties": {
"text": "<p>Center Party (Midflokkurinn) or CP <br>Independence Party (Sjalfstaedisflokkurinn) or IP <br>Left-Green Movement (Vinstrihreyfingin-graent frambod) or LGM <br>Liberal Reform Party (Vidreisn) <br>People's Party (Flokkur Folksins) <br>Pirate Party (Piratar) <br>Progressive Party (Framsoknarflokkurinn) or PP <br>Social Democratic Alliance (Samfylkingin) or SDA </p>"
"text": "Center Party (Midflokkurinn) or CP <br>Independence Party (Sjalfstaedisflokkurinn) or IP <br>Left-Green Movement (Vinstrihreyfingin-graent frambod) or LGM <br>Liberal Reform Party (Vidreisn) <br>People's Party (Flokkur Folksins) <br>Pirate Party (Piratar) <br>Progressive Party (Framsoknarflokkurinn) or PP <br>Social Democratic Alliance (Samfylkingin) or SDA"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -635,7 +635,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, white, red"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Lofsongur\" (Song of Praise)"
},
@ -644,8 +644,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1944; also known as \"O, Gud vors lands\" (O God of Our Land), the anthem was originally written and performed in 1874"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1944; also known as \"O, Gud vors lands\" (O, God of Our Land), the anthem was originally written and performed in 1874"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

5
europe/im.json
View file

@ -512,7 +512,7 @@
"National coat of arms": {
"text": "Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom granted the Isle of Man&rsquo;s coat of arms on July 12, 1996; the triskelion (three conjoined legs) on the shield represents resilience, resourcefulness, and hope; the Latin motto means &ldquo;Wherever you throw it, it will stand,&rdquo; a reference to the islanders&rsquo; ability to stand strong; the peregrine falcon represents the two falcons that the Isle of Man has paid to the UK monarch on Coronation Day since 1406, and the raven symbolizes the island&rsquo;s former status as a Viking colony; the crown represents the UK monarch&rsquo;s status as the Lord of Mann, although the island is self-governing"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"God Save the King\""
},
@ -521,8 +521,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "official anthem, as a British Crown dependency; played when the sovereign, members of the royal family, or the lieutenant governor are present"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 2003, in use since 1907; serves as a local anthem; \"God Save the King\" is the official anthem for the Isle of Man as a British Crown dependency (see United Kingdom), and it is played when the sovereign, members of the royal family, or the lieutenant governor are present"
}
}
},
"Economy": {

15
europe/it.json
View file

@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
"text": "a fairly even population distribution exists throughout most of the country, with coastal areas, the Po River Valley, and urban centers (particularly Milan, Rome, and Naples) attracting larger and denser populations"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "<p>regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice</p> <p><strong>volcanism:</strong> significant volcanic activity; Etna (3,330 m), which is in eruption as of 2013, is Europe's most active volcano; flank eruptions pose a threat to nearby Sicilian villages; Etna, along with the famous Vesuvius, which remains a threat to the millions of nearby residents in the Bay of Naples area, have both been deemed Decade Volcanoes by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Stromboli, on its namesake island, has also been continuously active with moderate volcanic activity; other historically active volcanoes include Campi Flegrei, Ischia, Larderello, Pantelleria, Vulcano, and Vulsini</p>"
"text": "regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice <br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> significant volcanic activity; Etna (3,330 m) is Europe's most active volcano, and its flank eruptions pose a threat to nearby Sicilian villages; Etna, along with the famous Vesuvius, have both been deemed Decade Volcanoes by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Stromboli, on its namesake island, has also been continuously active with moderate volcanic activity; other historically active volcanoes include Campi Flegrei, Ischia, Larderello, Pantelleria, Vulcano, and Vulsini"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location dominating central Mediterranean, as well as southern sea and air approaches to Western Europe"
@ -489,7 +489,7 @@
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "<p>15 regions (<em>regioni</em>, singular - <em>regione</em>) and 5 autonomous regions (<em>regioni autonome</em>, singular - <em>regione autonoma</em>)</p> <p><strong>regions:</strong> Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia-Romagna, Lazio (Latium), Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise, Piemonte (Piedmont), Puglia (Apulia), Toscana (Tuscany), Umbria, Veneto</p> <p><strong>autonomous regions:</strong> Friuli Venezia Giulia, Sardegna (Sardinia), Sicilia (Sicily), Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol) or Trentino-Suedtirol (German), Valle d'Aosta (Aosta Valley) or Vallée d'Aoste (French)</p>"
"text": "15 regions (<em>regioni</em>, singular - <em>regione</em>) and 5 autonomous regions (<em>regioni autonome</em>, singular - <em>regione autonoma</em>) <br><br><strong>regions:</strong> Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia-Romagna, Lazio (Latium), Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise, Piemonte (Piedmont), Puglia (Apulia), Toscana (Tuscany), Umbria, Veneto <br><br><strong>autonomous regions:</strong> Friuli Venezia Giulia, Sardegna (Sardinia), Sicilia (Sicily), Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol) or Trentino-Suedtirol (German), Valle d'Aosta (Aosta Valley) or Vallée d'Aoste (French)"
},
"Legal system": {
"text": "civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legislation under certain conditions"
@ -539,7 +539,7 @@
"text": "24-29 January 2022 (eight rounds)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em>2022:</em> Sergio MATTARELLA (independent) reelected president; electoral college vote count in eighth round - 759 out of 1,009 (505 vote threshold)<br><br><em>2015: </em>Sergio MATTARELLA (independent) elected president; electoral college vote count in fourth round - 665 out of 995 (505 vote threshold) <p> </p>"
"text": "<br><em>2022:</em> Sergio MATTARELLA (independent) reelected president; electoral college vote count in eighth round - 759 out of 1,009 (505 vote threshold)<br><br><em>2015: </em>Sergio MATTARELLA (independent) elected president; electoral college vote count in fourth round - 665 out of 995 (505 vote threshold)"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2029"
@ -623,7 +623,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties": {
"text": "<p>Action-Italia Viva <br>Associative Movement of Italians Abroad or MAIE <br>Brothers of Italy or FdI <br>Democratic Party or PD <br>Five Star Movement or M5S <br>Forza Italia or FI <br>Free and Equal (Liberi e Uguali) or LeU <br>Greens and Left Alliance or AVS <br>Italexit <br>League or Lega <br>More Europe or +EU <br>Popular Union or PU <br>South calls North or ScN <br>South Tyrolean Peoples Party or SVP <br>other minor parties</p>"
"text": "Action-Italia Viva <br>Associative Movement of Italians Abroad or MAIE <br>Brothers of Italy or FdI <br>Democratic Party or PD <br>Five Star Movement or M5S <br>Forza Italia or FI <br>Free and Equal (Liberi e Uguali) or LeU <br>Greens and Left Alliance or AVS <br>Italexit <br>League or Lega <br>More Europe or +EU <br>Popular Union or PU <br>South calls North or ScN <br>South Tyrolean Peoples Party or SVP <br>other minor parties"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -691,7 +691,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, green"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Il Canto degli Italiani\" (The Song of the Italians)"
},
@ -700,15 +700,14 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1946; the anthem, originally written in 1847, is also known as \"L'Inno di Mameli\" (Mameli's Hymn), and \"Fratelli d'Italia\" (Brothers of Italy)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1946; the anthem, originally written in 1847, is also known as \"L'Inno di Mameli\" (Mameli's Hymn), and \"Fratelli d'Italia\" (Brothers of Italy)"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {
"text": "60 (54 cultural, 6 natural)"
},
"selected World Heritage Site locales": {
"text": "<p>Historic Center of Rome (c); Archaeological Areas of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Torre Annunziata (c); Venice and its Lagoon (c); Historic Center of Florence (c); Piazza del Duomo, Pisa (c); Historic Centre of Naples (c); Portovenere, Cinque Terre, and the Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto)(c); Mount Etna (n); Cultural landscape of the Benedictine settlements in medieval Italy (c); Church and Dominican Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie with “The Last Supper” by Leonardo da Vinci (c); City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto (c); Crespi d'Adda (c); Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna (c); Historic Centre of the City of Pienza (c); Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena (c); Costiera Amalfitana (c); Villa Romana del Casale (c); Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia (c); Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological Sites of Paestum and Velia, and the Certosa di Padula (c); Historic Centre of Urbino (c); Villa Adriana (Tivoli) (c); Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites (c); City of Verona (c); Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands) (n); Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia (c); Val d'Orcia (c); Mantua and Sabbioneta (c); The Dolomites (n); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Medici Villas and Gardens in Tuscany (c); Venetian Works of Defence between the 16th and 17th Centuries: Stato da Terra – Western Stato da Mar (c); Padua’s fourteenth-century fresco cycles (c); The Porticoes of Bologna (c); Evaporitic Karst and Caves of Northern Apennines (n); Via Appia: Regina Viarum (c)</p>"
"text": "Historic Center of Rome (c); Archaeological Areas of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Torre Annunziata (c); Venice and its Lagoon (c); Historic Center of Florence (c); Piazza del Duomo, Pisa (c); Historic Centre of Naples (c); Portovenere, Cinque Terre, and the Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto)(c); Mount Etna (n); Cultural landscape of the Benedictine settlements in medieval Italy (c); Church and Dominican Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie with “The Last Supper” by Leonardo da Vinci (c); City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto (c); Crespi d'Adda (c); Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna (c); Historic Centre of the City of Pienza (c); Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena (c); Costiera Amalfitana (c); Villa Romana del Casale (c); Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia (c); Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological Sites of Paestum and Velia, and the Certosa di Padula (c); Historic Centre of Urbino (c); Villa Adriana (Tivoli) (c); Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites (c); City of Verona (c); Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands) (n); Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia (c); Val d'Orcia (c); Mantua and Sabbioneta (c); The Dolomites (n); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Medici Villas and Gardens in Tuscany (c); Venetian Works of Defence between the 16th and 17th Centuries: Stato da Terra – Western Stato da Mar (c); Padua’s fourteenth-century fresco cycles (c); The Porticoes of Bologna (c); Evaporitic Karst and Caves of Northern Apennines (n); Via Appia: Regina Viarum (c)"
}
}
},

5
europe/je.json
View file

@ -454,7 +454,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"God Save the King\""
},
@ -463,8 +463,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "official anthem, as a British Crown dependency"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 2008; serves as a local anthem; \"God Save the King\" is the official anthem for Jersey, as a British Crown dependency (see United Kingdom)"
}
}
},
"Economy": {

2
europe/jn.json
View file

@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
"text": "0 sq km (2022)"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "<p>dominated by the volcano Beerenberg</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> Beerenberg (2,227 m) is Norway's only active volcano; volcanic activity resumed in 1970; the most recent eruption occurred in 1985</p>"
"text": "dominated by the volcano Beerenberg <br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> Beerenberg (2,227 m) is Norway's only active volcano; volcanic activity resumed in 1970; the most recent eruption occurred in 1985"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "barren volcanic spoon-shaped island with some moss and grass flora; island consists of two parts: a larger northeast Nord-Jan (the spoon \"bowl\") and the smaller Sor-Jan (the \"handle\"), linked by a 2.5 km-wide isthmus (the \"stem\") with two large lakes, Sorlaguna (South Lagoon) and Nordlaguna (North Lagoon)"

8
europe/kv.json
View file

@ -526,7 +526,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, gold, white"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Europe\""
},
@ -535,8 +535,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 2008; Kosovo chose not to include lyrics in its anthem to avoid offending the country's minority ethnic groups"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 2008; Kosovo chose not to include lyrics in its anthem to avoid offending the country's minority ethnic groups"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {
@ -962,9 +961,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> NATO-led Kosovo Force peacekeepers deployed under UN Security Council Resolution 1244 continue to ensure a safe and secure environment and freedom of movement for all Kosovo citizens; in September 2023, KFOR deployed additional forces in the north of Kosovo and increased patrols along the border with Serbia after Kosovo-Serb paramilitaries attacked Kosovo police near the town of Banjska; some of Kosovo’s ethnic Serb minority, most of whom live in the northern regions, view themselves as part of Serbia, and Serbian municipalities along the northern border have challenged the final status of Kosovo-Serbia boundary; some protests have turned violent "
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"IDPs": {
"text": "16,000 (primarily ethnic Serbs displaced during the 1998-1999 war fearing reprisals from the majority ethnic-Albanian population; a smaller number of ethnic Serbs, Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptians fled their homes in 2004 as a result of violence) (2022)"

10
europe/lg.json
View file

@ -485,7 +485,7 @@
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "<p>36 municipalities (<em>novadi</em>, singular - <em>novads</em>) and 7 state cities (<em>valstpilsetu pasvaldibas</em>, singular - <em>valstspilsetas pasvaldiba</em>)</p> <p><strong>municipalities:</strong> Adazi, Aizkraukle, Aluksne, Augsdaugava, Balvi, Bauska, Cesis, Dienvidkurzeme, Dobele, Gulbene, Jekabpils, Jelgava, Kekava, Kraslava, Kuldiga, Limbazi, Livani, Ludza, Madona, Marupe, Ogre, Olaine, Preili, Rezekne, Ropazi, Salaspils, Saldus, Saulkrasti, Sigulda, Smiltene, Talsi, Tukums, Valka, Valmiera, Varaklani, Ventspils</p> <p><strong>cities:</strong> Daugavpils, Jelgava, Jurmala, Liepaja, Rezekne, Riga, Ventspils</p>"
"text": "36 municipalities (<em>novadi</em>, singular - <em>novads</em>) and 7 state cities (<em>valstpilsetu pasvaldibas</em>, singular - <em>valstspilsetas pasvaldiba</em>) <br><br><strong>municipalities:</strong> Adazi, Aizkraukle, Aluksne, Augsdaugava, Balvi, Bauska, Cesis, Dienvidkurzeme, Dobele, Gulbene, Jekabpils, Jelgava, Kekava, Kraslava, Kuldiga, Limbazi, Livani, Ludza, Madona, Marupe, Ogre, Olaine, Preili, Rezekne, Ropazi, Salaspils, Saldus, Saulkrasti, Sigulda, Smiltene, Talsi, Tukums, Valka, Valmiera, Varaklani, Ventspils <br><br><strong>cities:</strong> Daugavpils, Jelgava, Jurmala, Liepaja, Rezekne, Riga, Ventspils"
},
"Legal system": {
"text": "civil law system with traces of socialist legal traditions and practices"
@ -631,7 +631,8 @@
"text": "18 November 1918 (from Soviet Russia); 4 May 1990 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union)"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "Independence Day (Republic of Latvia Proclamation Day), 18 November (1918); note - 18 November 1918 was the date Latvia established its statehood and its concomitant independence from Soviet Russia; 4 May 1990 was the date it declared the restoration of Latvian statehood and its concomitant independence from the Soviet Union"
"text": "Independence Day (Republic of Latvia Proclamation Day), 18 November (1918)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 18 November 1918 was the date Latvia established its statehood and independence from Soviet Russia; 4 May 1990 was the date it declared the restoration of statehood and independence from the Soviet Union"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "three horizontal bands of maroon (top), white (half-width), and maroon; the flag is one of the older banners in the world -- a medieval chronicle mentions Latvian tribes using a red standard with a white stripe around 1280"
@ -642,7 +643,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "maroon, white"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Dievs, sveti Latviju!\" (God Bless Latvia)"
},
@ -651,8 +652,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1920, restored 1990; first performed in 1873 when Latvia was part of Russia; banned during the Soviet occupation from 1940 to 1990"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1920, restored 1990; first performed in 1873 when Latvia was part of Russia; banned during the Soviet occupation from 1940 to 1990"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

8
europe/lh.json
View file

@ -642,7 +642,8 @@
"text": "16 February 1918 (from Soviet Russia and Germany); 11 March 1990 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 6 July 1253 (coronation of MINDAUGAS, traditional founding date); 1 July 1569 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created)"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "Independence Day (or National Day), 16 February (1918); note - 16 February 1918 was the date Lithuania established its statehood and its concomitant independence from Soviet Russia and Germany; 11 March 1990 was the date it declared the restoration of Lithuanian statehood and its concomitant independence from the Soviet Union"
"text": "Independence Day (or National Day), 16 February (1918)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 16 February 1918 was the date Lithuania established its statehood and independence from Soviet Russia and Germany; 11 March 1990 was the date it declared the restoration of statehood and independence from the Soviet Union"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red; yellow stands for golden fields, the sun, light, and goodness; green represents the forests, nature, freedom, and hope; red stands for courage and the blood spilled in defense of the homeland"
@ -653,7 +654,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "yellow, green, red"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Tautiska giesme\" (The National Song)"
},
@ -662,8 +663,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1918, restored 1990; written in 1898 when Lithuania was part of Russia; banned during the Soviet occupation from 1940 to 1990"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1918, restored 1990; written in 1898 when Lithuania was part of Russia; banned during the Soviet occupation from 1940 to 1990"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

9
europe/lo.json
View file

@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
}
},
"Area - comparative": {
"text": "about one and a half times the size of Maryland; about twice the size of New Hampshire"
"text": "about 1.5 times the size of Maryland; about twice the size of New Hampshire"
},
"Land boundaries": {
"total": {
@ -651,7 +651,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "white, blue, red"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Nad Tatrou sa blyska\" (Lightning Over the Tatras)"
},
@ -660,8 +660,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1993, in use since 1844; music based on the Slovak folk song \"Kopala studienku\" (She was digging a well)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1993, in use since 1844; music based on the Slovak folk song \"Kopala studienku\" (She was digging a well)"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {
@ -1151,7 +1150,7 @@
"text": "240 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 150 Latvia (NATO) (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Slovak military was created from the Czechoslovak Army after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in January 1993; it is responsible for external defense and fulfilling Slovakia’s commitments to European and international security; Slovakia has been a member of both the EU and NATO since 2004; a key focus of the Slovak military is fulfilling the country’s security responsibilities to NATO, including modernizing and acquiring NATO-compatible equipment, participating in training exercises, and providing forces for security missions such as NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence in the Baltic States; since 2022, Slovakia has hosted a NATO ground force battlegroup comprised of troops from Czechia, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, and the US as part of the NATO effort to boost the defenses of Eastern Europe since the Russian invasion of Ukraine; Slovakia also contributes to EU and UN peacekeeping missions<br><br>the Slovak Air Force has only a handful of fighter aircraft and is assisted by NATO’s air policing mission over Slovakia, which includes fighter aircraft from Czechia and Poland; in 2022, Slovakia signed a defense agreement with the US that allows the US to use two Slovak military air bases (2024)"
"text": "the Slovak military is responsible for external defense and fulfilling Slovakia’s commitments to European and international security; Slovakia has been a member of both the EU and NATO since 2004; a key focus of the Slovak military is fulfilling the country’s security responsibilities to NATO, including modernizing and acquiring NATO-compatible equipment, participating in training exercises, and providing forces for security missions such as NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence in the Baltic States; since 2022, Slovakia has hosted a multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the NATO effort to boost the defenses of Eastern Europe since the Russian invasion of Ukraine; Slovakia also contributes to EU and UN peacekeeping missions<br><br>the Slovak Air Force has only a handful of fighter aircraft and is assisted by NATO’s air policing mission over Slovakia, which includes fighter aircraft from Czechia and Poland; in 2022, Slovakia signed a defense agreement with the US that allows the US to use two Slovak military air bases (2025)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

8
europe/ls.json
View file

@ -537,7 +537,8 @@
"text": "23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire); 24 August 1866 (independence from the German Confederation)"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "National Day, 15 August (1940); note - a National Day was originally established in 1940 to combine celebrations for the Feast of the Assumption (15 August) with those honoring the birthday of former Prince FRANZ JOSEF II (1906-1989) whose birth fell on 16 August; after the prince's death, National Day became the official national holiday by law in 1990"
"text": "National Day, 15 August (1940)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a National Day was originally established in 1940 to combine celebrations for the Feast of the Assumption (15 August) with those honoring the birthday of former Prince FRANZ JOSEF II (1906-1989) on 16 August; after the prince's death, National Day became the official national holiday in 1990"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red, with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band; the colors may derive from the blue-and-red livery used in the principality's household in the 18th century; the prince's crown was introduced in 1937 to distinguish it from Haiti's flag"
@ -551,7 +552,7 @@
"National coat of arms": {
"text": "the six motifs on the coat of arms provide a history of the royal House of Liechtenstein since 1719, when the country was founded; the small shield at the center is the royal family&rsquo;s gold-and-red coat of arms, the gold-crowned eagle signifies the Silesia family, the diamond wreath represents the Kuenringer family, the red-and-silver shield is the Duchy of Troppau, the black eagle comes from the coat of arms of a family that married into the royal line, and the golden hunting horn represents the Duchy of J&auml;gerndorf"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Oben am jungen Rhein\" (High Above the Young Rhine)"
},
@ -560,8 +561,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1850, revised 1963; uses the tune of the United Kingdom's anthem, \"God Save the King\""
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1850, revised 1963; uses the tune of the United Kingdom's anthem, \"God Save the King\""
}
}
},
"Economy": {

8
europe/lu.json
View file

@ -620,7 +620,8 @@
"text": "1839 (from the Netherlands)"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "National Day (birthday of Grand Duke HENRI), 23 June; note - this date of birth is not the true date of birth for any of the Royals, but the national festivities were shifted in 1962 to allow observance during a more favorable time of year"
"text": "National Day (birthday of Grand Duke HENRI), 23 June",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> this is not the true date of birth for any of the Royals, but the national festivities were shifted in 1962 to allow observance during a more favorable time of year"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; the coloring is derived from the Grand Duke's coat of arms"
@ -631,7 +632,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, light blue"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"De Wilhelmus\" (The William)"
},
@ -640,8 +641,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "royal anthem, for use when members of the grand ducal family enter or exit a ceremony in Luxembourg"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> \"Ons Heemecht,\" adopted 1864, is the national anthem, and \"De Wilhelmus,\" adopted 1919, serves as a royal anthem for use when members of the grand ducal family enter or exit a ceremony in Luxembourg"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

9
europe/md.json
View file

@ -483,7 +483,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> pronounced KEE-shee-now (KIH-shi-nyov)"
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "<p>32 districts (<em>raioane</em>, singular - <em>raion</em>), 3 municipalities (<em>municipii</em>, singular - <em>municipiul</em>), 1 autonomous territorial unit (<em>unitatea teritoriala autonoma</em>), and 1 territorial unit (<em>unitatea teritoriala</em>)</p> <p><strong>raions:</strong> Anenii Noi, Basarabeasca, Briceni, Cahul, Cantemir, Calarasi, Causeni, Cimislia, Criuleni, Donduseni, Drochia, Dubasari, Edinet, Falesti, Floresti, Glodeni, Hincesti, Ialoveni, Leova, Nisporeni, Ocnita, Orhei, Rezina, Riscani, Singerei, Soldanesti, Soroca, Stefan Voda, Straseni, Taraclia, Telenesti, Ungheni</p> <p><strong>municipalities:</strong> Balti, Bender, Chisinau</p> <p><strong>autonomous territorial unit:</strong> Gagauzia</p> <p><strong>territorial unit:</strong> Stinga Nistrului (Transnistria)</p>"
"text": "32 districts (<em>raioane</em>, singular - <em>raion</em>), 3 municipalities (<em>municipii</em>, singular - <em>municipiul</em>), 1 autonomous territorial unit (<em>unitatea teritoriala autonoma</em>), and 1 territorial unit (<em>unitatea teritoriala</em>) <br><br><strong>districts:</strong> Anenii Noi, Basarabeasca, Briceni, Cahul, Cantemir, Calarasi, Causeni, Cimislia, Criuleni, Donduseni, Drochia, Dubasari, Edinet, Falesti, Floresti, Glodeni, Hincesti, Ialoveni, Leova, Nisporeni, Ocnita, Orhei, Rezina, Riscani, Singerei, Soldanesti, Soroca, Stefan Voda, Straseni, Taraclia, Telenesti, Ungheni <br><br><strong>municipalities:</strong> Balti, Bender, Chisinau <br><br><strong>autonomous territorial unit:</strong> Gagauzia <br><br><strong>territorial unit:</strong> Stinga Nistrului (Transnistria)"
},
"Legal system": {
"text": "civil law system with Germanic law influences; Constitutional Court reviews legislative acts"
@ -584,7 +584,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Constitutional Court is autonomous; it interprets the Constitution and reviews the constitutionality of parliamentary laws and decisions, decrees of the president, and acts of the government"
},
"Political parties": {
"text": "<p>Bloc of Communists and Socialists or BCS<br>Party of Action and Solidarity or PAS</p>"
"text": "Bloc of Communists and Socialists or BCS<br>Party of Action and Solidarity or PAS"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -643,7 +643,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, yellow, red"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Limba noastra\" (Our Language)"
},
@ -652,8 +652,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1994"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1994"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

8
europe/mj.json
View file

@ -653,7 +653,8 @@
"text": "3 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro); notable earlier dates: 13 March 1852 (Principality of Montenegro established); 13 July 1878 (Congress of Berlin recognizes Montenegrin independence); 28 August 1910 (Kingdom of Montenegro established)"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "Statehood Day, 13 July (1878, the day the Berlin Congress recognized Montenegro as the 27th independent state in the world, and 1941, the day the Montenegrins staged an uprising against fascist occupiers and sided with the partisan communist movement)"
"text": "Statehood Day, 13 July (1878, 1941)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>the holiday celebrates the day in 1878 when the Berlin Congress recognized Montenegro as an independent state, as well as the day in 1941 when the Montenegrins staged an uprising against its occupiers"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "a red field bordered with a narrow golden-yellow stripe and the Montenegrin coat of arms in the center; the arms consist of a double-headed golden eagle that symbolizes the unity of church and state, with a crown above; the eagle holds a golden scepter in its right claw and a blue orb in its left; the breast shield over the eagle shows a golden lion on a green field in front of a blue sky; the lion is a symbol of episcopal authority, a reference to the three-and-a-half centuries when Montenegro was ruled as a theocracy"
@ -664,7 +665,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, gold"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Oj, svijetla majska zoro\" (O Bright Dawn of May)"
},
@ -673,8 +674,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 2004; music based on a Montenegrin folk song"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 2004; music based on a Montenegrin folk song"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

7
europe/mk.json
View file

@ -527,7 +527,7 @@
"text": "24 April and 8 May 2024"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2024: </em>Hristijan MICKOSKI elected prime minister; Assembly vote - 77 for, 22 against<em><br><br>2024: </em>Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA elected president in the second round; percent of vote - Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA (VMRO-DPMNE) 69%, Stevo PENDAROVSKI (SDSM) 31%<em><br><br>2024: </em>Talat XHAFERI elected caretaker prime minister; Assembly vote - 65 for (opposition boycott)<em><br><br>2022: </em>Dimitar KOVACEVSKI elected prime minister; Assembly vote - NA<em><br></em>"
"text": "<em><br>2024: </em>Hristijan MICKOSKI elected prime minister; Assembly vote - 77 for, 22 against<em><br><br>2024: </em>Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA elected president in the second round; percent of vote - Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA (VMRO-DPMNE) 69%, Stevo PENDAROVSKI (SDSM) 31%<em><br><br>2024: </em>Talat XHAFERI elected caretaker prime minister; Assembly vote - 65 for (opposition boycott)<em><br><br>2022: </em>Dimitar KOVACEVSKI elected prime minister; Assembly vote - NA"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "2029"
@ -638,7 +638,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, yellow"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Denes nad Makedonija\" (Today Over Macedonia)"
},
@ -647,8 +647,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "written in 1943 and adopted in 1991, the song previously served as the anthem of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, when it was part of Yugoslavia"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> written in 1943 and adopted in 1991, the song previously served as the anthem of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, when it was part of Yugoslavia"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

5
europe/mn.json
View file

@ -553,7 +553,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"A Marcia de Muneghu\" (The March of Monaco)"
},
@ -562,8 +562,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "music adopted 1867, lyrics adopted 1931; only the Monegasque lyrics are official; the French version is known as \"Hymne Monegasque\" (Monegasque Anthem); the words are usually only sung on official occasions"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> music adopted 1867, lyrics adopted 1931; only the Monegasque lyrics are official; the French version is known as \"Hymne Monegasque\" (Monegasque Anthem); the words are usually only sung on official occasions"
}
}
},
"Economy": {

5
europe/mt.json
View file

@ -624,7 +624,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"L-Innu Malti\" (The Maltese Anthem)"
},
@ -633,8 +633,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1945; written in the form of a prayer"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1945; written in the form of a prayer"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

10
europe/nl.json
View file

@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
"text": "an area known as the Randstad, anchored by the cities of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, the Hague, and Utrecht, is the most densely populated region; the north tends to be less dense, but sizeable communities can be found throughout the entire country"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "<p>flooding</p> <p><strong>volcanism:</strong> Mount Scenery (887 m), located on the island of Saba in the Caribbean, last erupted in 1640; Round Hill (601 m), a dormant volcano also known as The Quill, is located on the island of St. Eustatius in the Caribbean; these islands are at the northern end of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends south to Grenada</p>"
"text": "flooding <br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> Mount Scenery (887 m), located on the island of Saba in the Caribbean, last erupted in 1640; Round Hill (601 m), a dormant volcano also known as \"The Quill,\" is located on the island of St. Eustatius in the Caribbean; these islands are at the northern end of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends south to Grenada"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "located at mouths of three major European rivers (Rhine (Rijn), Meuse (Maas), and Scheldt (Schelde)); about a quarter of the country lies below sea level and only about half of the land exceeds one meter above sea level"
@ -678,7 +678,8 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the northern provinces of the Low Countries formally declared their independence with an Act of Abjuration in 1581, but, it was not until 30 January 1648 and the Peace of Westphalia that Spain recognized this independence"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "King's Day (birthday of King WILLEM-ALEXANDER), 27 April (1967); note - King's or Queen's Day is observed on the ruling monarch's birthday; currently celebrated on 26 April if 27 April is a Sunday"
"text": "King's Day (birthday of King WILLEM-ALEXANDER), 27 April (1967)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> observed on the ruling monarch's birthday; celebrated on 26 April if 27 April is a Sunday"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "three equal horizontal bands of bright red (top), white, and cobalt blue; similar to the flag of Luxembourg, which uses a lighter blue and is longer; the colors come from WILLIAM I, Prince of Orange; originally the upper band was orange, but the dye would turn red over time, and red was eventually made the permanent color"
@ -689,7 +690,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "orange"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Het Wilhelmus\" (The William)"
},
@ -698,8 +699,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1932, in use since the 17th century; also known as \"Wilhelmus van Nassouwe\" (William of Nassau), it is in the form of an acrostic -- the first letter of each stanza spells the name of the leader of the Dutch Revolt"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1932, in use since the 17th century; also known as \"Wilhelmus van Nassouwe\" (William of Nassau), it is in the form of an acrostic -- the first letter of each stanza spells the name of the leader of the Dutch Revolt"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

6
europe/no.json
View file

@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
"text": "most people live in the south; population clusters are found along the North Sea coast in the southwest and Skaggerak in the southeast; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "<p>rockslides, avalanches</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> Beerenberg (2,227 m) on Jan Mayen Island in the Norwegian Sea is the country's only active volcano</p>"
"text": "rockslides, avalanches <br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> Beerenberg (2,227 m) on Jan Mayen Island in the Norwegian Sea is the country's only active volcano"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much-indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of the most rugged and longest coastlines in the world"
@ -599,7 +599,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in addition to professionally trained judges, elected lay judges sit on the bench with professional judges in the Courts of Appeal and district courts"
},
"Political parties": {
"text": "<p>Center Party or Sp <br>Christian Democratic Party or KrF <br>Conservative Party or H <br>Green Party or MDG <br>Labor Party or Ap <br>Liberal Party or V<br>Patient Focus or PF <br>Progress Party or FrP <br>Red Party or R <br>Socialist Left Party or SV </p>"
"text": "Center Party or Sp <br>Christian Democratic Party or KrF <br>Conservative Party or H <br>Green Party or MDG <br>Labor Party or Ap <br>Liberal Party or V<br>Patient Focus or PF <br>Progress Party or FrP <br>Red Party or R <br>Socialist Left Party or SV"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -659,7 +659,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, blue"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Kongesangen\" (Song of the King)"
},

9
europe/pl.json
View file

@ -551,7 +551,7 @@
"text": "18 May 2025, with the second round on 1 June 2025"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>2025: Karol NAWROCKI elected president in second round; percent of vote - Karol NAWROCKI (PiS) 50.9%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49.1%; NAWROCKI takes office 6 August 2025<br><br>2025: First round Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 31.4%, Karol NAWROCKI 29.5% (PiS), Slawomir MENTZEN 14.8%, Grzegorz BRAUN 6.3%, and Szymon HOLOWNIA 5.0%; second round to be held on 1 June 2025; <br><br><em>2020:</em> Andrzej DUDA reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%<br><em><br>2015:</em> Andrzej DUDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5% <p> </p>"
"text": "<br>2025: Karol NAWROCKI elected president in second round; percent of vote - Karol NAWROCKI (PiS) 50.9%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49.1%; NAWROCKI takes office 6 August 2025<br><br>2025: First round Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 31.4%, Karol NAWROCKI 29.5% (PiS), Slawomir MENTZEN 14.8%, Grzegorz BRAUN 6.3%, and Szymon HOLOWNIA 5.0%; second round to be held on 1 June 2025; <br><br><em>2020:</em> Andrzej DUDA reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51%, Rafal TRZASKOWSKI (KO) 49%<br><em><br>2015:</em> Andrzej DUDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrzej DUDA (independent) 51.5%, Bronislaw KOMOROWSKI (independent) 48.5%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -694,7 +694,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "white, red"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Mazurek Dabrowskiego\" (Dabrowski's Mazurka)"
},
@ -703,8 +703,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1927; the anthem, commonly known as \"Jeszcze Polska nie zginela\" (Poland Has Not Yet Perished), was written in 1797"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1927; the anthem, commonly known as \"Jeszcze Polska nie zginela\" (Poland Has Not Yet Perished), was written in 1797"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {
@ -1213,7 +1212,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>Poland has obligated about 2,500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Poland’s geographic location on NATO’s eastern flank and its history of foreign invasion underpin the Polish military’s heavy focus on territorial and border defense and supporting its NATO and EU security commitments; its chief concern is Russian aggression against neighboring Ukraine since 2014, which has led to efforts to boost border defenses and military capabilities and to increase the NATO and US military presence in Poland<br><br>since 2014, Poland has been hosting several NATO military formations designed to enhance the defense of Poland and NATO’s eastern flank, including a US-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative, NATO fighter detachments at Malbork Air Base, a NATO-led divisional headquarters (Multinational Division Northeast), which coordinates training and preparation activities of its respective subordinate battlegroups in Poland and Lithuania, and a corps-level NATO field headquarters (Multinational Corps Northeast); since 2022, the US has established a permanent corps headquarters in Poland to command US rotational forces in Europe; Poland also participates in a variety of EU and NATO military deployments in Africa, the Baltic States, Southern Europe, and the Middle East; Poland provided considerable support to the NATO mission in Afghanistan, where more than 30,000 military personnel served over a 20-year period before the mission ended in 2021 (2024)"
"text": "the Polish Armed Forces are responsible for defense of the country's sovereignty and territory, deterring potential threats, and fulfilling Poland's commitments to NATO, EU, and European security; Poland’s geographic location on NATO’s eastern flank and its history of foreign invasion underpin the Polish military’s focus on territorial and border defense; in peacetime, the Armed Forces provide support to the Border Guard; other security concerns include hybrid threats from Russia and Belarus, such as cyberattacks, sabotage, and weaponized migration; since the 2010s, Poland has taken steps to enhance the security of its borders with Russia and Belarus<br><br>since 2014, Poland has hosted several NATO military formations designed to enhance the defense of Poland and NATO’s eastern flank, including a US-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative, NATO fighter detachments at Malbork Air Base, a NATO-led divisional headquarters (Multinational Division Northeast), which coordinates training and preparation activities of its respective subordinate battlegroups in Poland and Lithuania, and a corps-level NATO field headquarters (Multinational Corps Northeast); Poland also has increased the the US military presence in the country; Poland participates in a variety of EU and NATO military deployments in Africa, the Baltic States, Southern Europe, and the Middle East; Poland also provided support to the NATO mission in Afghanistan (2025)"
}
},
"Space": {

18
europe/po.json
View file

@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
"text": "concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "<p>Azores subject to severe earthquakes</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (1,043 m) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and Terceira</p>"
"text": "Azores subject to severe earthquakes <br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (1,043 m) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and Terceira"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar; they are two of the four North Atlantic archipelagos that make up Macaronesia; the others are the Canary Islands (Spain) and Cabo Verde"
@ -544,7 +544,7 @@
"text": "24 January 2021"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em>2021:</em> Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 60.7%, Ana GOMES (ran as an independent but is a member of PS) 13%, Andre VENTURA (CH) 11.9%, João FERREIRA (PCP-PEV) 4.3%, other 10.1%<br><br><em>2016:</em> Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 52%, António SAMPAIO DA NOVOA (independent) 22.9%, Marisa MATIAS (BE) 10.1%, Maria DE BELEM ROSEIRA (PS) 4.2%, other 10.8% <p> </p>"
"text": "<br><em>2021:</em> Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 60.7%, Ana GOMES (ran as an independent but is a member of PS) 13%, Andre VENTURA (CH) 11.9%, João FERREIRA (PCP-PEV) 4.3%, other 10.1%<br><br><em>2016:</em> Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 52%, António SAMPAIO DA NOVOA (independent) 22.9%, Marisa MATIAS (BE) 10.1%, Maria DE BELEM ROSEIRA (PS) 4.2%, other 10.8%"
},
"expected date of next election": {
"text": "January 2026"
@ -650,7 +650,8 @@
"text": "1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 1 December 1640 (independence reestablished after 60 years of Spanish rule); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis DE CAMOES (1524-80) died"
"text": "Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis DE CAMOES (1524-80) died"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths), with the national coat of arms (armillary sphere and national shield) centered on the dividing line; explanations for the color meanings are ambiguous, but a popular interpretation has green symbolizing hope and red the blood of those defending the nation"
@ -661,7 +662,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, green"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"A Portugesa\" (The Song of the Portuguese)"
},
@ -670,8 +671,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1910; originally written to protest the Portuguese monarchy's acquiescence to the 1890 British ultimatum forcing Portugal to give up areas of Africa"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1910; originally written to protest the Portuguese monarchy's acquiescence to the 1890 British ultimatum forcing Portugal to give up areas of Africa"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {
@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 28,000 active-duty Armed Forces (15,000 Army; 7,000 Navy, including about 1,000 marines; 6,000 Air Force); 24,500 National Republican Guard (military personnel) (2024)"
"text": "approximately 28,000 active-duty Armed Forces (15,000 Army; 7,000 Navy, including about 1,000 marines; 6,000 Air Force); 25,000 National Republican Guard (military personnel) (2024)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the military's inventory includes mostly European- and US-origin weapons systems along with a smaller mix of domestically produced equipment; in recent years, leading foreign suppliers have included Germany and the US; Portugal's defense industry is noted for its shipbuilding (2024)",
@ -1164,10 +1164,10 @@
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>as of 2023, women made up about 14% of the military's full-time personnel"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "the Portuguese Armed Forces have more than 1,100 military personnel deployed around the world engaged in missions supporting the EU, NATO, the UN, and partner nations; key deployments include 225 troops in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA), approximately 220 in Lithuania (NATO), and approximately 150 in Romania (NATO); it also participates in NATO air policing and maritime patrolling operations (2024)"
"text": "the Portuguese Armed Forces have more than 1,100 military personnel deployed around the world engaged in missions supporting the EU, NATO, the UN, and partner nations; key deployments include 225 troops in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA), approximately 200 in Lithuania (NATO), and approximately 150 in Romania (NATO); it also participates in NATO air policing and maritime patrolling operations (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Portuguese military is an all-volunteer force with the primary responsibilities of external defense, humanitarian operations, and fulfilling Portugal’s commitments to European and international security; maritime security has long been a key component of the military's portfolio, and Portugal has one of the world's oldest navies<br><br>Portugal was one of the original signers of the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949 establishing NATO, and the Alliance forms a key pillar of Portugal’s defense policy; Portugal is also a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy, and it regularly participates in a variety of EU, NATO, and UN deployments around the world; the military’s largest commitments include air, ground, and naval forces under NATO-led missions and standing task forces in the Baltics, Eastern Europe, and the Mediterranean Sea; the military also participates regularly in exercises with NATO partners (2024)"
"text": "the Portuguese military is responsible for external defense, humanitarian operations, and fulfilling Portugal’s commitments to European and international security; maritime security has long been a key component of the military's portfolio, and Portugal has one of the world's oldest navies<br><br>Portugal was one of the original signers of the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949 establishing NATO, and the Alliance forms a key pillar of Portugal’s defense policy; Portugal is also a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy, and it regularly participates in a variety of EU and NATO, as well as UN deployments around the world; the military’s largest commitments include air, ground, and naval forces under NATO-led missions and standing task forces in the Baltics, Eastern Europe, and the Mediterranean Sea; the military also participates in exercises with NATO partners (2025)"
}
},
"Space": {

11
europe/ri.json
View file

@ -517,7 +517,7 @@
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "<p>117 municipalities (<em>opstine</em>, singular - <em>opstina</em>) and 28 cities (<em>gradovi</em>, singular - <em>grad</em>)</p> <p><strong>municipalities:</strong> Ada*, Aleksandrovac, Aleksinac, Alibunar*, Apatin*, Arandelovac, Arilje, Babusnica, Bac*, Backa Palanka*, Backa Topola*, Backi Petrovac*, Bajina Basta, Batocina, Becej*, Bela Crkva*, Bela Palanka, Beocin*, Blace, Bogatic, Bojnik, Boljevac, Bosilegrad, Brus, Bujanovac, Cajetina, Cicevac, Coka*, Crna Trava, Cuprija, Despotovac, Dimitrov, Doljevac, Gadzin Han, Golubac, Gornji Milanovac, Indija*, Irig*, Ivanjica, Kanjiza*, Kladovo, Knic, Knjazevac, Koceljeva, Kosjeric, Kovacica*, Kovin*, Krupanj, Kucevo, Kula*, Kursumlija, Lajkovac, Lapovo, Lebane, Ljig, Ljubovija, Lucani, Majdanpek, Mali Idos*, Mali Zvornik, Malo Crnice, Medveda, Merosina, Mionica, Negotin, Nova Crnja*, Nova Varos, Novi Becej*, Novi Knezevac*, Odzaci*, Opovo*, Osecina, Paracin, Pecinci*, Petrovac na Mlavi, Plandiste*, Pozega, Presevo, Priboj, Prijepolje, Raca, Raska, Razanj, Rekovac, Ruma*, Secanj*, Senta*, Sid*, Sjenica, Smederevska Palanka, Sokobanja, Srbobran*, Sremski Karlovci*, Stara Pazova*, Surdulica, Svilajnac, Svrljig, Temerin*, Titel*, Topola, Trgoviste, Trstenik, Tutin, Ub, Varvarin, Velika Plana, Veliko Gradiste, Vladicin Han, Vladimirci, Vlasotince, Vrbas*, Vrnjacka Banja, Zabalj*, Zabari, Zagubica, Zitiste*, Zitorada</p> <p><strong>cities:</strong> Beograd (Belgrade), Bor, Cacak, Jagodina, Kikinda*, Kragujevac, Kraljevo, Krusevac, Leskovac, Loznica, Nis, Novi Pazar, Novi Sad*, Pancevo*, Pirot, Pozarevac, Prokuplje, Sabac, Smederevo, Sombor*, Sremska Mitrovica*, Subotica*, Uzice, Valjevo, Vranje, Vrsac*, Zajecar, Zrenjanin*</p>",
"text": "117 municipalities (<em>opstine</em>, singular - <em>opstina</em>) and 28 cities (<em>gradovi</em>, singular - <em>grad</em>) <br><br><strong>municipalities:</strong> Ada*, Aleksandrovac, Aleksinac, Alibunar*, Apatin*, Arandelovac, Arilje, Babusnica, Bac*, Backa Palanka*, Backa Topola*, Backi Petrovac*, Bajina Basta, Batocina, Becej*, Bela Crkva*, Bela Palanka, Beocin*, Blace, Bogatic, Bojnik, Boljevac, Bosilegrad, Brus, Bujanovac, Cajetina, Cicevac, Coka*, Crna Trava, Cuprija, Despotovac, Dimitrov, Doljevac, Gadzin Han, Golubac, Gornji Milanovac, Indija*, Irig*, Ivanjica, Kanjiza*, Kladovo, Knic, Knjazevac, Koceljeva, Kosjeric, Kovacica*, Kovin*, Krupanj, Kucevo, Kula*, Kursumlija, Lajkovac, Lapovo, Lebane, Ljig, Ljubovija, Lucani, Majdanpek, Mali Idos*, Mali Zvornik, Malo Crnice, Medveda, Merosina, Mionica, Negotin, Nova Crnja*, Nova Varos, Novi Becej*, Novi Knezevac*, Odzaci*, Opovo*, Osecina, Paracin, Pecinci*, Petrovac na Mlavi, Plandiste*, Pozega, Presevo, Priboj, Prijepolje, Raca, Raska, Razanj, Rekovac, Ruma*, Secanj*, Senta*, Sid*, Sjenica, Smederevska Palanka, Sokobanja, Srbobran*, Sremski Karlovci*, Stara Pazova*, Surdulica, Svilajnac, Svrljig, Temerin*, Titel*, Topola, Trgoviste, Trstenik, Tutin, Ub, Varvarin, Velika Plana, Veliko Gradiste, Vladicin Han, Vladimirci, Vlasotince, Vrbas*, Vrnjacka Banja, Zabalj*, Zabari, Zagubica, Zitiste*, Zitorada <br><br><strong>cities:</strong> Beograd (Belgrade), Bor, Cacak, Jagodina, Kikinda*, Kragujevac, Kraljevo, Krusevac, Leskovac, Loznica, Nis, Novi Pazar, Novi Sad*, Pancevo*, Pirot, Pozarevac, Prokuplje, Sabac, Smederevo, Sombor*, Sremska Mitrovica*, Subotica*, Uzice, Valjevo, Vranje, Vrsac*, Zajecar, Zrenjanin*",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the northern 37 municipalities and 8 cities -- about 28% of Serbia's area -- compose the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and are indicated with an asterisk"
},
"Legal system": {
@ -662,7 +662,7 @@
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EU (candidate country), FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)",
"note": "<strong>note</strong>: Serbia is an EU candidate country whose satisfactory completion of accession criteria is required before being granted full EU membership"
"note": "<strong>note</strong>: Serbia is an EU candidate country and must complete accession criteria before being granted full membership"
},
"Independence": {
"text": "5 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro); notable earlier dates: 1217 (Serbian Kingdom established); 16 April 1346 (Serbian Empire established); 13 July 1878 (Congress of Berlin recognizes Serbian independence); 1 December 1918 (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes established, later known as Yugoslavia)"
@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, blue, white"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Boze pravde\" (God of Justice)"
},
@ -689,8 +689,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1904; song originally written as part of a play in 1872, and the Serbian people have used it as an anthem in the 20th and 21st centuries"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1904; song originally written as part of a play in 1872, and the Serbian people have used it as an anthem in the 20th and 21st centuries"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {
@ -1165,7 +1164,7 @@
"text": "180 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Serbian military is responsible for defense and deterrence against external threats, supporting international peacekeeping operations, and providing support to civil authorities for internal security; specific threat concerns of the military include extremism, separatism, and deepening international recognition of Kosovo; Serbia has cooperated with NATO since 2006, when it joined the Partnership for Peace program, and the military trains with NATO countries, particularly other Balkan states; Serbia has participated in EU peacekeeping missions, as well as missions under the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the UN; it also maintains close security ties with Russia and has a growing security relationship with China<br><br>the modern Serbian military was established in 2006 but traces its origins back through World War II, World War I, the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913, and the Bulgarian-Serb War of 1885 to the First (1804-1813) and Second (1815-1817) Uprisings against the Ottoman Empire (2024)"
"text": "the Serbian military is responsible for defense and deterrence against external threats, supporting international peacekeeping operations, and providing support to civil authorities for internal security; specific areas of concerns for the military include ethnic and religious extremism, separatism, and deepening international recognition of Kosovo; Serbia has cooperated with NATO since 2006, when it joined the Partnership for Peace program, and the military trains with NATO countries, particularly other Balkan states; Serbia has participated in EU peacekeeping missions, as well as missions under the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the UN; it traditionally has maintained close security ties with Russia and has a growing security relationship with China<br><br>the modern Serbian military was established in 2006 but traces its origins back through World War II, World War I, the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913, and the Bulgarian-Serb War of 1885 to the First (1804-1813) and Second (1815-1817) Uprisings against the Ottoman Empire (2025)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

13
europe/ro.json
View file

@ -718,7 +718,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, yellow, red"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Desteapta-te romane!\" (Wake up, Romanian!)"
},
@ -727,15 +727,14 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1990; the anthem was written during the 1848 Revolution"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1990; the anthem was written during the 1848 Revolution"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {
"text": "11 (9 cultural, 2 natural)"
},
"selected World Heritage Site locales": {
"text": "<p>Danube Delta (n); Churches of Moldavia (c); Monastery of Horezu (c); Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania (c); Dacian Fortresses of the Orastie Mountains (c); Historic Center of Sighişoara (c); Wooden Churches of Maramureş (c); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (n); Roșia Montană Mining Landscape (c); Brâncuși Monumental Ensemble of Târgu Jiu (c); Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Dacia (c)</p>"
"text": "Danube Delta (n); Churches of Moldavia (c); Monastery of Horezu (c); Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania (c); Dacian Fortresses of the Orastie Mountains (c); Historic Center of Sighişoara (c); Wooden Churches of Maramureş (c); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (n); Roșia Montană Mining Landscape (c); Br&acirc;ncuși Monumental Ensemble of T&acirc;rgu Jiu (c); Frontiers of the Roman Empire &ndash; Dacia (c)"
}
}
},
@ -1235,10 +1234,10 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 68,000 active Armed Forces (53,000 Land Forces; 7,000 Naval Forces; 8,000 Air Force) (2024)"
"text": "approximately 70,000 active Armed Forces (2025)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the military's inventory includes a considerable amount of Soviet-era and older domestically produced weapons systems, although in recent years Romania has launched an effort to acquire more modern and NATO-standard equipment from European countries and the US, including aircraft and armored vehicles (2024)"
"text": "the military's inventory includes a considerable amount of Soviet-era and older domestically produced weapons systems, although in recent years Romania has launched an effort to acquire more modern and NATO-standard equipment from European countries and the US, including aircraft and armored vehicles (2025)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; all military inductees contract for an initial 5-year term of service, with subsequent successive 3-year terms until age 36; conscription ended in 2006 (2023)"
@ -1247,7 +1246,7 @@
"text": "up to 120 Poland (NATO); Romania also has small numbers of military personnel deployed on other international missions under the EU, NATO, and UN (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Romanian Armed Forces are responsible for territorial defense, fulfilling the country's commitments to European security, and contributing to multinational peacekeeping operations; the military has a variety of concerns, including cyber attacks and terrorism, but its primary focus is Russian aggression against neighboring Ukraine and Russia's activities in the Black Sea and Romania’s other eastern neighbor, Moldova<br><br>Romania joined NATO in 2004, and the Alliance forms a key pillar of the country’s defense policy; it hosts a NATO multinational divisional headquarters (Multinational Division Southeast) and a French-led ground force battlegroup as part of NATO's Enhanced Forward Presence initiative in the southeastern part of the Alliance, which came about in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine; NATO allies have also sent detachments of fighters to augment the Romanian Air Force since 2014 because of aggressive Russian activity in the Black Sea region; the Romanian military trains regularly with NATO and its member states and has participated in NATO- and EU-led multinational missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Poland (2024)"
"text": "the Romanian Armed Forces are responsible for territorial defense, fulfilling the country's commitments to European security, and contributing to multinational peacekeeping operations; the military has a variety of concerns, including Russian aggression against Ukraine, Russia's activities in the Black Sea and in Moldova, cyber attacks, hybrid threats, and terrorism; a key focus for the military is equipment modernization<br><br>Romania joined NATO in 2004, and its membership forms a key pillar of the country’s defense policy; it hosts a NATO multinational divisional headquarters (Multinational Division Southeast) and a French-led ground force battlegroup as part of NATO's Enhanced Forward Presence initiative in the southeastern part of the Alliance, which came about in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine; NATO allies have also sent detachments of fighters to augment the Romanian Air Force since 2014 because of aggressive Russian activity in the Black Sea region; the Romanian military trains with NATO and its member states and has participated in NATO- and EU-led multinational missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Poland; it also participates in UN peacekeeping missions (2024)"
}
},
"Space": {

9
europe/si.json
View file

@ -485,7 +485,7 @@
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "<p>200 municipalities (<em>obcine</em>, singular - <em>obcina</em>) and 12 urban municipalities (<em>mestne obcine</em>, singular - <em>mestna obcina</em>)</p> <p><strong>municipalities:</strong> Ajdovscina, Ankaran, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal ob Soci, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Store, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk</p> <p><strong>urban municipalities:</strong> Celje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje</p>"
"text": "200 municipalities (<em>obcine</em>, singular - <em>obcina</em>) and 12 urban municipalities (<em>mestne obcine</em>, singular - <em>mestna obcina</em>) <br><br><strong>municipalities:</strong> Ajdovscina, Ankaran, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal ob Soci, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Store, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk <br><br><strong>urban municipalities:</strong> Celje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje"
},
"Legal system": {
"text": "civil law system"
@ -671,7 +671,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "white, blue, red"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Zdravljica\" (A Toast)"
},
@ -680,8 +680,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted in 1989 while still part of Yugoslavia; originally written in 1848; the full poem, whose seventh verse is used as the anthem, speaks of pan-Slavic nationalism"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted in 1989 while still part of Yugoslavia; originally written in 1848; the full poem, whose seventh verse is used as the anthem, speaks of pan-Slavic nationalism"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {
@ -1193,7 +1192,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Slovenia, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska or SV) are responsible for the defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory, deterring external threats, and contributing to European security and other international peacekeeping missions; the SV is also active in civil-military cooperation, such as the maintenance of local infrastructure; Slovenia has been a member of the EU and NATO since 2004, and one of the SV’s key missions is fulfilling the country’s commitments to NATO, including equipment modernization, participating in training exercises, and contributing to NATO operations; the SV provides troops to NATO’s efforts to enhance its presence in the Baltics (Latvia) and Eastern Europe (Slovakia); it has also participated in other international security missions with small numbers of personnel in such places as Africa, southern Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Middle East; because the SV air component has no fighter aircraft, NATO allies Hungary and Italy provide air policing for Slovenia<br><br>the SV was formally established in 1993 as a reorganization of the Slovenia Defense Force; the Defense Force, along with the Slovenian police, comprised the majority of the forces that engaged with the Yugoslav People’s Army during the 10-Day War after Slovenia declared its independence in 1991 (2024)"
"text": "the Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska or SV) are responsible for the defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory, deterring external threats, and contributing to European security and other international peacekeeping missions; the SV is also active in civil-military cooperation, such as the maintenance of local infrastructure; Slovenia has been a member of the EU and NATO since 2004, and one of the SV’s key missions is fulfilling the country’s commitments to NATO, including equipment modernization, participating in training exercises, and contributing to NATO operations; the SV provides troops to NATO’s efforts to enhance its presence in the Baltics (Latvia) and Eastern Europe (Slovakia); it has also participated in other international security missions with small numbers of personnel in such places as Africa, southern Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Middle East; NATO allies Hungary and Italy provide air policing for Slovenia<br><br>the SV was formally established in 1993 as a reorganization of the Slovenia Defense Force; the Defense Force, along with the Slovenian police, comprised the majority of the forces that engaged with the Yugoslav People’s Army during the 10-Day War after Slovenia declared its independence in 1991 (2025)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

5
europe/sm.json
View file

@ -567,7 +567,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "white, blue"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica\" (National Anthem of the Republic)"
},
@ -576,8 +576,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1894; the music for the anthem, which has no lyrics, is based on a 10th-century chorale piece"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1894; the music for the anthem, which has no lyrics, is based on a 10th-century chorale piece"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

9
europe/sp.json
View file

@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
"water": {
"text": "6,390 sq km"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> there are two autonomous cities - Ceuta and Melilla - and 17 autonomous communities including Balearic Islands and Canary Islands, and three small Spanish possessions off the coast of Morocco - Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes two autonomous cities (Ceuta and Melilla), 17 autonomous communities (including Balearic Islands and Canary Islands), and three small Spanish possessions off the coast of Morocco -- Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera"
},
"Area - comparative": {
"text": "almost five times the size of Kentucky; slightly more than twice the size of Oregon"
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
"text": "with the notable exception of Madrid, Sevilla, and Zaragoza, the largest urban agglomerations are found along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts; numerous smaller cities are spread throughout the interior; very dense settlement around the capital of Madrid, as well as the port city of Barcelona"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "<p>periodic droughts, occasional flooding</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> volcanic activity in the Canary Islands, located off Africa's northwest coast; Teide (3,715 m) has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; La Palma (2,426 m), which last erupted in 1971, is the most active of the Canary Islands volcanoes; Lanzarote is the only other historically active volcano</p>"
"text": "periodic droughts, occasional flooding <br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> volcanic activity in the Canary Islands, located off Africa's northwest coast; Teide (3,715 m) has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; La Palma (2,426 m) is the most active of the Canary Islands volcanoes; Lanzarote is the only other historically active volcano"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location along approaches to Strait of Gibraltar; Spain controls a number of territories in northern Morocco, including the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla and the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas; Spain's Canary Islands are one of four North Atlantic archipelagos that make up Macaronesia; the others are the Azores (Portugal), Madeira (Portugal), and Cabo Verde"
@ -712,7 +712,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, yellow"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Himno Nacional Espanol\" (National Anthem of Spain)"
},
@ -721,8 +721,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "officially in use between 1770 and 1931, restored in 1939; the Spanish anthem was the first to be officially adopted; it first appeared in a 1761 military bugle-call book and was replaced by \"Himno de Riego\" in the years between 1931 and 1939; the long version of the anthem is used for the king, and the short version is used for the prince, prime minister, and occasions such as sporting events"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> officially in use between 1770 and 1931, restored in 1939; the Spanish anthem was the first to be officially adopted; it first appeared in a 1761 military bugle-call book and was replaced by \"Himno de Riego\" in the years between 1931 and 1939; the long version of the anthem is used for the king, and the short version is used for the prince, prime minister, and occasions such as sporting events"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

5
europe/sv.json
View file

@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
"Flag description": {
"text": "the flag of Norway is used"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Ja, vi elsker dette landet\""
},
@ -214,8 +214,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "official anthem, as a Norwegian territory"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as a territory of Norway, \"Ja, vi elsker dette landet\" is official (see Norway)"
}
}
},
"Economy": {

10
europe/sw.json
View file

@ -372,7 +372,7 @@
},
"Environment": {
"Environmental issues": {
"text": "<p>marine pollution (Baltic Sea and North Sea); acid rain damage to soil and lakes; air pollution; poor timber-harvesting practices</p>"
"text": "marine pollution (Baltic Sea and North Sea); acid rain damage to soil and lakes; air pollution; poor timber-harvesting practices"
},
"International environmental agreements": {
"party to": {
@ -637,7 +637,8 @@
"text": "6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king of Sweden, marking the abolishment of the Kalmar Union of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden)"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "National Day, 6 June (1983); note - from 1916 to 1982 this date was celebrated as Swedish Flag Day"
"text": "National Day, 6 June (1983)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> celebrated as Swedish Flag Day from 1916 to 1982"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the colors come from the Swedish coat of arms"
@ -648,7 +649,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, yellow"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Kungssangen\" (The King's Song)"
},
@ -657,8 +658,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "in use since 1844 as the royal anthem, but also used as the national anthem until 1893; played in the presence of the royal family and during certain state ceremonies"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in use since 1844; also known as \"Sang till Norden\" (Song of the North); based on a Swedish folk tune; has never been officially adopted; \"Kungssangen\" (The King's Song) serves as the royal anthem and is played in the presence of the royal family and during certain state ceremonies"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

8
europe/sz.json
View file

@ -677,7 +677,8 @@
"text": "1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation)"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "Founding of the Swiss Confederation in 1291; note - since 1 August 1891 celebrated as Swiss National Day"
"text": "Founding of the Swiss Confederation in 1291",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> celebrated as Swiss National Day since 1 August 1891"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "red square with an equilateral white cross in the center that does not extend to the edges of the flag; the origin of the flag is unclear, but a white cross was used to identify Swiss Confederation troops at the Battle of Laupen (1339)",
@ -689,7 +690,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "the Swiss anthem has four names: \"Schweizerpsalm\" [German] \"Cantique Suisse\" [French] \"Salmo svizzero,\" [Italian] \"Psalm svizzer\" [Romansch] (Swiss Psalm)"
},
@ -698,8 +699,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "unofficially adopted 1961, officially 1981; the anthem has been popular in a number of Swiss cantons since it was composed (in German) in 1841; all four of the versions (German, French, Italian, Romansch) are considered official"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> unofficially adopted 1961, officially 1981; the anthem has been popular in a number of Swiss cantons since it was composed (in German) in 1841; all four of the versions (German, French, Italian, Romansch) are considered official"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

9
europe/uk.json
View file

@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
"water": {
"text": "1,680 sq km"
},
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the percentage area breakdown of the four UK countries is: England 53%, Scotland 32%, Wales 9%, and Northern Ireland 6%<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> includes Rockall and the Shetland Islands, which are part of Scotland"
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> England covers 53% of the area, Scotland 32%, Wales 9%, and Northern Ireland 6%<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> includes Rockall and the Shetland Islands, which are part of Scotland"
},
"Area - comparative": {
"text": "twice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oregon"
@ -492,7 +492,7 @@
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "<p><strong>England:</strong> 24 two-tier counties, 32 London boroughs and 1 City of London or Greater London, 36 metropolitan districts, 59 unitary authorities (including 4 single-tier counties*)</p> <p><em>two-tier counties:</em> Cambridgeshire, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, North Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Sussex, Worcestershire</p> <p><em>London boroughs and City of London or Greater London:</em> Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, City of London, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth, Westminster</p> <p><em>metropolitan districts:</em> Barnsley, Birmingham, Bolton, Bradford, Bury, Calderdale, Coventry, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Kirklees, Knowlsey, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, North Tyneside, Oldham, Rochdale, Rotherham, Salford, Sandwell, Sefton, Sheffield, Solihull, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Sunderland, Tameside, Trafford, Wakefield, Walsall, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton</p> <p><em>unitary authorities: </em>Bath and North East Somerset; Bedford; Blackburn with Darwen; Blackpool; Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole; Bracknell Forest; Brighton and Hove; City of Bristol; Buckinghamshire; Central Bedfordshire; Cheshire East; Cheshire West and Chester; Cornwall; Darlington; Derby; Dorset; Durham County*; East Riding of Yorkshire; Halton; Hartlepool; Herefordshire*; Isle of Wight*; Isles of Scilly; City of Kingston upon Hull; Leicester; Luton; Medway; Middlesbrough; Milton Keynes; North East Lincolnshire; North Lincolnshire; North Northamptonshire; North Somerset; Northumberland*; Nottingham; Peterborough; Plymouth; Portsmouth; Reading; Redcar and Cleveland; Rutland; Shropshire; Slough; South Gloucestershire; Southampton; Southend-on-Sea; Stockton-on-Tees; Stoke-on-Trent; Swindon; Telford and Wrekin; Thurrock; Torbay; Warrington; West Berkshire; West Northamptonshire; Wiltshire; Windsor and Maidenhead; Wokingham; York</p> <p><strong>Northern Ireland:</strong> 5 borough councils, 4 district councils, 2 city councils</p> <p><em>borough councils: </em>Antrim and Newtownabbey; Ards and North Down; Armagh City, Banbridge, and Craigavon; Causeway Coast and Glens; Mid and East Antrim</p> <p><em>district councils: </em>Derry City and Strabane; Fermanagh and Omagh; Mid Ulster; Newry, Murne, and Down</p> <p><em>city councils:</em> Belfast; Lisburn and Castlereagh</p> <p><strong>Scotland:</strong> 32 council areas</p> <p><em>council areas: </em>Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll and Bute, Clackmannanshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Dundee City, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Lothian, East Renfrewshire, City of Edinburgh, Eilean Siar (Western Isles), Falkirk, Fife, Glasgow City, Highland, Inverclyde, Midlothian, Moray, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Orkney Islands, Perth and Kinross, Renfrewshire, Shetland Islands, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, Stirling, The Scottish Borders, West Dunbartonshire, West Lothian</p> <p><strong>Wales:</strong> 22 unitary authorities</p> <p><em>unitary authorities:</em> Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff, Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion, Conwy, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Gwynedd, Isle of Anglesey, Merthyr Tydfil, Monmouthshire, Neath Port Talbot, Newport, Pembrokeshire, Powys, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Swansea, The Vale of Glamorgan, Torfaen, Wrexham</p>"
"text": "<strong>England:</strong> 24 two-tier counties, 32 London boroughs and 1 City of London or Greater London, 36 metropolitan districts, 59 unitary authorities (including 4 single-tier counties*) <br><br><em>two-tier counties:</em> Cambridgeshire, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, North Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Sussex, Worcestershire <br><br><em>London boroughs and City of London or Greater London:</em> Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, City of London, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth, Westminster <br><br><em>metropolitan districts:</em> Barnsley, Birmingham, Bolton, Bradford, Bury, Calderdale, Coventry, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Kirklees, Knowlsey, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, North Tyneside, Oldham, Rochdale, Rotherham, Salford, Sandwell, Sefton, Sheffield, Solihull, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Sunderland, Tameside, Trafford, Wakefield, Walsall, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton <br><br><em>unitary authorities: </em>Bath and North East Somerset; Bedford; Blackburn with Darwen; Blackpool; Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole; Bracknell Forest; Brighton and Hove; City of Bristol; Buckinghamshire; Central Bedfordshire; Cheshire East; Cheshire West and Chester; Cornwall; Darlington; Derby; Dorset; Durham County*; East Riding of Yorkshire; Halton; Hartlepool; Herefordshire*; Isle of Wight*; Isles of Scilly; City of Kingston upon Hull; Leicester; Luton; Medway; Middlesbrough; Milton Keynes; North East Lincolnshire; North Lincolnshire; North Northamptonshire; North Somerset; Northumberland*; Nottingham; Peterborough; Plymouth; Portsmouth; Reading; Redcar and Cleveland; Rutland; Shropshire; Slough; South Gloucestershire; Southampton; Southend-on-Sea; Stockton-on-Tees; Stoke-on-Trent; Swindon; Telford and Wrekin; Thurrock; Torbay; Warrington; West Berkshire; West Northamptonshire; Wiltshire; Windsor and Maidenhead; Wokingham; York <br><br><strong>Northern Ireland:</strong> 5 borough councils, 4 district councils, 2 city councils <br><br><em>borough councils: </em>Antrim and Newtownabbey; Ards and North Down; Armagh City, Banbridge, and Craigavon; Causeway Coast and Glens; Mid and East Antrim <br><br><em>district councils: </em>Derry City and Strabane; Fermanagh and Omagh; Mid Ulster; Newry, Murne, and Down <em>city councils:</em> Belfast; Lisburn and Castlereagh <br><br><strong>Scotland:</strong> 32 council areas <br><br><em>council areas: </em>Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll and Bute, Clackmannanshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Dundee City, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Lothian, East Renfrewshire, City of Edinburgh, Eilean Siar (Western Isles), Falkirk, Fife, Glasgow City, Highland, Inverclyde, Midlothian, Moray, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Orkney Islands, Perth and Kinross, Renfrewshire, Shetland Islands, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, Stirling, The Scottish Borders, West Dunbartonshire, West Lothian <br><br><strong>Wales:</strong> 22 unitary authorities <br><br><em>unitary authorities:</em> Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff, Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion, Conwy, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Gwynedd, Isle of Anglesey, Merthyr Tydfil, Monmouthshire, Neath Port Talbot, Newport, Pembrokeshire, Powys, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Swansea, The Vale of Glamorgan, Torfaen, Wrexham"
},
"Dependent areas": {
"text": "Anguilla; Bermuda; British Indian Ocean Territory; British Virgin Islands; Cayman Islands; Falkland Islands; Gibraltar; Montserrat; Pitcairn Islands; Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Turks and Caicos Islands (12)"
@ -670,7 +670,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "red, white, blue (all of Britain); red, white (England); blue, white (Scotland); red, white, green (Wales)"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"God Save the King\""
},
@ -679,8 +679,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "in use since 1745; by tradition, the song serves as both the national and royal anthem; it is known as either \"God Save the Queen\" or \"God Save the King,\" depending on the gender of the reigning monarch; it also serves as the royal anthem for many Commonwealth nations"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in use since 1745; by tradition, the song serves as both the national and royal anthem; it is known as either \"God Save the Queen\" or \"God Save the King,\" depending on the gender of the reigning monarch; it also serves as the royal anthem for many Commonwealth nations"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

14
europe/up.json
View file

@ -601,10 +601,10 @@
"text": "Supreme Court of Ukraine or SCU (consists of 100 judges, organized into civil, criminal, commercial and administrative chambers, and a grand chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of 18 justices); High Anti-Corruption Court (consists of 39 judges, including 12 in the Appeals Chamber)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
"text": "Supreme Court judges recommended by the High Qualification Commission of Judges (a 16-member state body responsible for judicial candidate testing and assessment and judicial administration), submitted to the High Council of Justice, a 21-member independent body of judicial officials; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 65; High Anti-Corruption Court judges are selected by the same process, with one addition – a majority of a combined High Qualification Commission of Judges and a 6-member Public Council of International Experts must vote in favor of potential judges in order to recommend their nomination to the High Council of Justice; Constitutional Court justices appointed - 6 each by the president, the Congress of Judges, and the Verkhovna Rada; judges serve 9-year nonrenewable terms <p> </p>"
"text": "Supreme Court judges recommended by the High Qualification Commission of Judges (a 16-member state body responsible for judicial candidate testing and assessment and judicial administration), submitted to the High Council of Justice, a 21-member independent body of judicial officials; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 65; High Anti-Corruption Court judges are selected by the same process, with one addition &ndash; a majority of a combined High Qualification Commission of Judges and a 6-member Public Council of International Experts must vote in favor of potential judges in order to recommend their nomination to the High Council of Justice; Constitutional Court justices appointed - 6 each by the president, the Congress of Judges, and the Verkhovna Rada; judges serve 9-year nonrenewable terms"
},
"subordinate courts": {
"text": "<p>Courts of Appeal; district courts</p>"
"text": "Courts of Appeal; district courts"
}
},
"Political parties": {
@ -652,13 +652,14 @@
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Australia Group, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CICA (observer), CIS (participating member, has not signed the 1993 CIS charter), EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC",
"note": "<strong>note</strong>: Ukraine is an EU candidate country whose satisfactory completion of accession criteria is required before being granted full EU membership"
"note": "<strong>note</strong>: Ukraine is an EU candidate country and must complete accession criteria before being granted full membership"
},
"Independence": {
"text": "24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: ca. 982 (VOLODYMYR I consolidates Kyivan Rus); 1199 (Principality (later Kingdom) of Ruthenia formed); 1648 (establishment of the Cossack Hetmanate); 22 January 1918 (from Soviet Russia)"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "Independence Day, 24 August (1991); note - 22 January 1918, the day Ukraine first declared its independence from Soviet Russia, and the date the short-lived Western and Greater (Eastern) Ukrainian republics united (1919), is now celebrated as Unity Day"
"text": "Independence Day, 24 August (1991)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 22 January 1918, the day Ukraine first declared its independence from Soviet Russia, is now celebrated as Unity Day"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and yellow; the colors date back to medieval heraldry, but they are sometimes said to represent grain fields under a blue sky"
@ -669,7 +670,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "blue, yellow"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Shche ne vmerla Ukraina\" (Ukraine Has Not Yet Perished)"
},
@ -678,8 +679,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "music adopted 1991, lyrics adopted 2003; song first performed in 1864 at the Ukraine Theatre in Lviv; the lyrics, originally written in 1862, were revised in 2003"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> music adopted 1991, lyrics adopted 2003; song first performed in 1864 at the Ukraine Theatre in Lviv; the lyrics, originally written in 1862, were revised in 2003"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {

12
europe/vt.json
View file

@ -239,7 +239,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in the Holy See, citizenship is acquired by law, ex iure, or by adminstrative decision; in the first instance, citizenship is a function of holding office within the Holy See as in the case of cardinals resident in Vatican City or diplomats of the Holy See; in the second instance, citizenship may be requested in a limited set of circumstances for those who reside within Vatican City under papal authorization, as a function of their office or service, or as the spouses and children of current citizens; citizenship is lost once an individual no longer permanently resides in Vatican City, normally reverting to the citizenship previously held"
},
"Suffrage": {
"text": "election of the pope is limited to cardinals less than 80 years old"
"text": "election of the pope is limited to cardinals under 80 years old"
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
@ -255,7 +255,7 @@
"text": "pope elected by the College of Cardinals, usually for life or until voluntary resignation; Secretary of State appointed by the pope"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em>2025: </em>Robert PREVOST elected Pope LEO XIV<em><br><br></em>"
"text": "<br>2025: Robert PREVOST elected Pope LEO XIV"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -337,9 +337,6 @@
"text": "11 February 1929",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged the full sovereignty of the Holy See and established its territorial extent, but the origin of the Papal States, which over centuries varied considerably in extent, can be traced back to A.D. 754"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "Election Day of Pope FRANCIS, 13 March (2013)"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the arms of the Holy See, consisting of the crossed keys of Saint Peter with the three-tiered papal tiara above, centered in the white band; the yellow color represents the pope's spiritual power, and the white his worldly power"
},
@ -349,7 +346,7 @@
"National color(s)": {
"text": "yellow, white"
},
"National anthem": {
"National anthem(s)": {
"title": {
"text": "\"Inno e Marcia Pontificale\" (Hymn and Pontifical March), often called \"The Pontifical Hymn\""
},
@ -358,8 +355,7 @@
},
"history": {
"text": "adopted 1950"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1950"
}
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {