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auto-update week 31
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Yo Robot
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@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
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"text": "0 sq km (2022)"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "<p>cyclones common from December to March</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> limited volcanic activity on the Ofu and Olosega Islands; neither has erupted since the 19th century</p>"
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"text": "cyclones common from December to March <br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> limited volcanic activity on the Ofu and Olosega Islands; neither has erupted since the 19th century"
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},
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"Geography - note": {
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"text": "Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean"
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@ -354,7 +354,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"text": "see United States<br>Note: in accordance with US Code Title 8, Section 1408, persons born in American Samoa are US nationals but not US citizens"
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"text": "see United States<br><strong>note:</strong> in accordance with US Code Title 8, Section 1408, persons born in American Samoa are US nationals but not US citizens"
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},
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"Suffrage": {
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"text": "18 years of age; universal"
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@ -426,7 +426,7 @@
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"National color(s)": {
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"text": "red, white, blue"
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},
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"National anthem": {
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"National anthem(s)": {
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"title": {
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"text": "\"The Star-Spangled Banner\""
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},
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@ -435,8 +435,7 @@
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},
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"history": {
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"text": "official anthem, as a US territory"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> local anthem adopted 1950; as a territory of the United States, \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" is the official anthem (see United States)"
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}
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}
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},
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"Economy": {
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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island"
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},
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"Area - comparative": {
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"text": "slightly smaller than the US contiguous 48 states"
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"text": "slightly smaller than the 48 contiguous US states"
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},
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"Land boundaries": {
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"total": {
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@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
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"text": "population is primarily located on the periphery, with the highest concentration of people residing in the east and southeast; a secondary population center is located in and around Perth in the west; of the states and territories, New South Wales has, by far, the largest population; the interior, or \"outback,\" has a very sparse population"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "<p>cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> volcanic activity on Heard and McDonald Islands</p>"
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"text": "cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires <br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> volcanic activity on Heard and McDonald Islands"
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},
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"Geography - note": {
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"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; the largest country in Oceania, the largest country entirely in the Southern Hemisphere, and the largest country without land borders<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Great Dividing Range that runs along eastern Australia is that continent’s longest mountain range and the third-longest land-based range in the world; the term \"Great Dividing Range\" refers to the fact that the mountains form a watershed crest from which all of the rivers of eastern Australia flow – east, west, north, and south<br><br><strong>note 3:</strong> Australia is the only continent without glaciers; it is the driest inhabited continent on earth; Perth on the west coast is home to the invigorating sea breeze known as the \"Fremantle Doctor,\" one of the most consistent winds in the world; Australia hosts 10% of the world's biodiversity, and a great number of its flora and fauna exist nowhere else in the world"
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@ -691,7 +691,7 @@
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"National coat of arms": {
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"text": "King George V of the United Kingdom granted the current Commonwealth Coat of Arms to Australia on 19 September 1912; the center of the shield has the symbols of Australia’s six states; the kangaroo and the emu symbolize a nation moving forward, since neither animal can move backward easily; the gold Commonwealth star sits above the shield, with six points representing the Australian states and the seventh representing the territories; the gold and blue in the wreath under the star are the livery, or identifying, colors for the coat of arms; Australia’s floral emblem, the golden wattle, frames the shield"
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},
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"National anthem": {
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"National anthem(s)": {
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"title": {
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"text": "\"God Save the King\""
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},
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
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},
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"Geographic coordinates": {
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"text": "12 25 S, 123 20 E",
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"note": "<strong>note -</strong> Ashmore Reef - 12 14 S, 123 05 E; Cartier Islet - 12 32 S, 123 32 E"
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Ashmore Reef - 12 14 S, 123 05 E; Cartier Islet - 12 32 S, 123 32 E"
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},
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"Map references": {
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"text": "Southeast Asia"
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@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
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"text": "most of the population lives along the coastal regions; about one in five live in urban areas, and of these about two thirds reside in Honiara, the largest town and chief port"
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},
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"Natural hazards": {
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"text": "<p>tropical cyclones, but rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earthquakes, tremors, and volcanic activity; tsunamis</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> Tinakula (851 m) has frequent eruption activity, while an eruption of Savo (485 m) could affect the capital Honiara on nearby Guadalcanal</p>"
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"text": "tropical cyclones, but rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earthquakes, tremors, and volcanic activity; tsunamis <br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> Tinakula (851 m) has frequent eruption activity, and an eruption of Savo (485 m) could affect the capital Honiara on nearby Guadalcanal"
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},
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"Geography - note": {
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"text": "strategic location on sea routes between the South Pacific Ocean, the Solomon Sea, and the Coral Sea; Rennell Island, the southernmost in the Solomon Islands chain, is one of the world’s largest raised coral atolls; the island’s Lake Tegano, formerly a lagoon on the atoll, is the largest lake in the insular Pacific (15,500 hectares; 38,300 acres)"
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@ -545,8 +545,8 @@
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}
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},
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"Political parties": {
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"text": "Democratic Alliance Party or DAP <br>Kadere Party of Solomon Islands or KAD <br>Ownership, Unity, and Responsibility Party (OUR Party) <br>People First Party or PFP <br>Solomon Islands Democratic Party or SIDP <br>Solomon Islands Party for Rural Advancement or SIPRA <br>Solomon Islands United Party or SIUP <br>United for Change Party or U4C<br> <br>Coalition for Accountability Reform and Empowerment (CARE) is comprised of DAP, SIDP, and U4C",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in general, Solomon Islands politics is characterized by fluid coalitions"
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"text": "Democratic Alliance Party or DAP <br>Kadere Party of Solomon Islands or KAD <br>Ownership, Unity, and Responsibility Party (OUR Party) <br>People First Party or PFP <br>Solomon Islands Democratic Party or SIDP <br>Solomon Islands Party for Rural Advancement or SIPRA <br>Solomon Islands United Party or SIUP <br>United for Change Party or U4C<br>Coalition for Accountability Reform and Empowerment (CARE) (includes DAP, SIDP, and U4C)",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Solomon Islands politics is characterized by fluid coalitions"
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},
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"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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@ -597,7 +597,7 @@
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"National color(s)": {
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"text": "blue, yellow, green, white"
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},
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"National anthem": {
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"National anthem(s)": {
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"title": {
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"text": "\"God Save Our Solomon Islands\""
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},
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@ -606,8 +606,7 @@
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},
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"history": {
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"text": "adopted 1978"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1978"
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}
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},
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"National heritage": {
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"total World Heritage Sites": {
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "<p>British sea captain William KEELING discovered the Cocos (Keeling) Islands in 1609, and they were named for their coconut trees in 1622. Some maps began referring to them as the Keeling Islands in 1703. In 1825, Scottish trader John CLUNIES-ROSS was trying to get to Christmas Island but was blown off course and landed on Cocos (Keeling) Islands. The next year, a British trader hired CLUNIES-ROSS's brother to bring slaves and a harem of Malay women to create the first permanent settlement on the island. By the 1830s, the Clunies-Ross family had firmly established themselves as the leaders of the islands, and they ruled Cocos (Keeling) Islands in a feudal style until 1978.<br><br>The UK annexed the islands in 1857 and administered them from Ceylon after 1878 and from Singapore after 1886. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands hosted a cable relaying station and was attacked by the Germans in World War I. The Japanese similarly attacked the islands in World War II. The UK transferred the islands to Australia in 1955, when they were officially named the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and in 1978, Australia bought all the land held by the Clunies-Ross family, ending their control of the islands. In a referendum in 1984, most islanders voted to integrate with Australia, and Western Australian laws have applied on the islands since 1992.</p>"
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"text": "British sea captain William KEELING discovered the Cocos (Keeling) Islands in 1609, and they were named for their coconut trees in 1622. Some maps began referring to them as the Keeling Islands in 1703. In 1825, Scottish trader John CLUNIES-ROSS was trying to get to Christmas Island but was blown off course and landed on Cocos (Keeling) Islands. The next year, a British trader hired CLUNIES-ROSS's brother to bring slaves and a harem of Malay women to create the first permanent settlement on the island. By the 1830s, the Clunies-Ross family had firmly established themselves as the leaders of the islands, and they ruled Cocos (Keeling) Islands in a feudal style until 1978.<br><br>The UK annexed the islands in 1857 and administered them from Ceylon after 1878 and from Singapore after 1886. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands hosted a cable relaying station and was attacked by the Germans in World War I. The Japanese similarly attacked the islands in World War II. The UK transferred the islands to Australia in 1955, when they were officially named the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and in 1978, Australia bought all the land held by the Clunies-Ross family, ending their control of the islands. In a referendum in 1984, most islanders voted to integrate with Australia, and Western Australian laws have applied on the islands since 1992."
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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@ -279,7 +279,7 @@
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"Flag description": {
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"text": "the flag of Australia is used"
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},
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"National anthem": {
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"National anthem(s)": {
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"title": {
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"text": "\"God Save the King\""
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},
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@ -288,8 +288,7 @@
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},
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"history": {
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"text": "royal anthem, as an Australian territory"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> because the islands are a territory of Australia, \"Advance Australia Fair\" is the national anthem, and \"God Save the King\" serves as the royal anthem (see Australia)"
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}
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}
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},
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"Economy": {
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@ -378,17 +378,18 @@
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"text": "see United States"
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},
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"Suffrage": {
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"text": "18 years of age; universal; note - indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections"
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"text": "18 years of age; universal",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections"
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},
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"Executive branch": {
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"chief of state": {
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"text": "President Donald J. TRUMP (since 20 January 2025)"
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},
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"head of government": {
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"text": "Governor Arnold PALACIOS (since 9 January 2023)"
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"text": "Governor David M. APATANG (since 24 July 2025)"
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},
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"cabinet": {
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"text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the Senate"
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"text": "Sworn in by CNMI Chief Justice Alexandro Castro on Thursday, 24 July 2025"
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},
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"election/appointment process": {
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"text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of electors chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of the Northern Mariana Islands do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in Democratic and Republican party presidential primary elections; governor directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds, if needed"
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@ -444,7 +445,7 @@
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"National color(s)": {
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"text": "blue, white"
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},
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"National anthem": {
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"National anthem(s)": {
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"title": {
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"text": "\"The Star-Spangled Banner\""
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},
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@ -453,8 +454,7 @@
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},
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"history": {
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"text": "official anthem, as a US commonwealth"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1996; the Carolinian version of the song is known as \"Satil Matawal Pacifico;\" in addition to the local anthem, \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" is the official anthem for the islands, as a US commonwealth (see United States)"
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}
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}
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},
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"Economy": {
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{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "<p>The widely scattered Coral Sea Islands were first charted in 1803, but they were too small to host permanent human habitation. The 1870s and 1880s saw attempts at guano mining, but these were soon abandoned. The islands became an Australian territory in 1969, and the boundaries were extended in 1997. A small meteorological staff has operated on the Willis Islets since 1921, and several other islands host unmanned weather stations, beacons, and lighthouses. Much of the territory lies within national marine nature reserves.</p> <p style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt; background: white;\"> </p>"
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"text": "The widely scattered Coral Sea Islands were first charted in 1803, but they were too small to host permanent human habitation. The 1870s and 1880s saw attempts at guano mining, but these were soon abandoned. The islands became an Australian territory in 1969, and the boundaries were extended in 1997. A small meteorological staff has operated on the Willis Islets since 1921, and several other islands host unmanned weather stations, beacons, and lighthouses. Much of the territory lies within national marine nature reserves."
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
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"water": {
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"text": "0 sq km"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes numerous small islands and reefs scattered over a sea area of about 780,000 sq km (300,000 sq mi) with the Willis Islets the most important"
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes numerous small islands and reefs scattered over a sea area of about 780,000 sq km (300,000 sq mi), with the Willis Islets the most important"
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},
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"Area - comparative": {
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"text": "about four times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C."
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"National color(s)": {
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"text": "green, white"
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},
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"National anthem": {
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"National anthem(s)": {
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"title": {
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"text": "\"Te Atua Mou E\" (To God Almighty)"
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},
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"text": "Tepaeru Te RITO/Thomas DAVIS"
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},
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"history": {
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"text": "adopted 1982; as prime minister, Sir Thomas DAVIS composed the anthem; his wife Pa Tepaeru Terito Ariki, who was a tribal chief, wrote the lyrics"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1982; as prime minister, Sir Thomas DAVIS composed the anthem; his wife Pa Tepaeru Terito Ariki, who was a tribal chief, wrote the lyrics"
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"text": "adopted 1982; as prime minister, Sir Thomas DAVIS composed the anthem; Pa Tepaeru Terito Ariki, his wife and a tribal chief, wrote the lyrics"
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}
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}
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},
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"Economy": {
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{
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"Introduction": {
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"Background": {
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"text": "<p>Austronesians settled Fiji around 1000 B.C., followed by successive waves of Melanesians starting around the first century A.D. Fijians traded with Polynesian groups in Samoa and Tonga, and by about 900, much of Fiji was in the Tu’i Tongan Empire’s sphere of influence. The Tongan influence declined significantly by 1200, while Melanesian seafarers continued to periodically arrive in Fiji, further mixing Melanesian and Polynesian cultural traditions. The first European spotted Fiji in 1643 and by the 1800s, European merchants, missionaries, traders, and whalers frequented the islands. Rival kings and chiefs competed for power, at times aided by Europeans, and in 1865, Seru Epenisa CAKOBAU united many groups into the Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti. The arrangement proved weak, however, and in 1871 CAKOBAU formed the Kingdom of Fiji in an attempt to centralize power. Fearing a hostile takeover by a foreign power as the kingdom’s economy began to falter, CAKOBAU ceded Fiji to the UK in 1874.<br><br>The first British governor set up a plantation-style economy and brought in more than 60,000 Indians as indentured laborers, most of whom chose to stay in Fiji rather than return to India when their contracts expired. In the early 1900s, society was divided along ethnic lines, with iTaukei (indigenous Fijians), Europeans, and Indo-Fijians living in separate areas and maintaining their own languages and traditions. ITaukei fears of an Indo-Fijian takeover of government delayed independence through the 1960s; Fiji achieved independence in 1970 with agreements to allocate parliamentary seats by ethnic groups. After two coups in 1987, a new constitution in 1990 cemented iTaukei control of politics, leading thousands of Indo-Fijians to leave. A reformed constitution in 1997 was more equitable and led to the election of an Indo-Fijian prime minister in 1999, who was ousted in a coup the following year. In 2005, the new prime minister put forward a bill that would grant pardons to the coup perpetrators, leading Josaia Voreqe \"Frank\" BAINIMARAMA to launch a coup in 2006. BAINIMARAMA appointed himself prime minister in 2007 and retained the position after elections in 2014 and 2018 that international observers deemed credible. BAINIMARAMA's party lost control of the prime minister position after elections in 2022 with former opposition leader Sitiveni Ligamamada RABUKA winning the office by a narrow margin.<br><br></p>"
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"text": "Austronesians settled Fiji around 1000 B.C., followed by successive waves of Melanesians starting around the first century A.D. Fijians traded with Polynesian groups in Samoa and Tonga, and by about 900, much of Fiji was in the Tu’i Tongan Empire’s sphere of influence. The Tongan influence declined significantly by 1200, while Melanesian seafarers continued to periodically arrive in Fiji, further mixing Melanesian and Polynesian cultural traditions. The first European spotted Fiji in 1643 and by the 1800s, European merchants, missionaries, traders, and whalers frequented the islands. Rival kings and chiefs competed for power, at times aided by Europeans, and in 1865, Seru Epenisa CAKOBAU united many groups into the Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti. The arrangement proved weak, however, and in 1871 CAKOBAU formed the Kingdom of Fiji in an attempt to centralize power. Fearing a hostile takeover by a foreign power as the kingdom’s economy began to falter, CAKOBAU ceded Fiji to the UK in 1874.<br><br>The first British governor set up a plantation-style economy and brought in more than 60,000 Indians as indentured laborers, most of whom chose to stay in Fiji rather than return to India when their contracts expired. In the early 1900s, society was divided along ethnic lines, with iTaukei (indigenous Fijians), Europeans, and Indo-Fijians living in separate areas and maintaining their own languages and traditions. ITaukei fears of an Indo-Fijian takeover of government delayed independence through the 1960s; Fiji achieved independence in 1970 with agreements to allocate parliamentary seats by ethnic groups. After two coups in 1987, a new constitution in 1990 cemented iTaukei control of politics, leading thousands of Indo-Fijians to leave. A reformed constitution in 1997 was more equitable and led to the election of an Indo-Fijian prime minister in 1999, who was ousted in a coup the following year. In 2005, the new prime minister put forward a bill that would grant pardons to the coup perpetrators, leading Josaia Voreqe \"Frank\" BAINIMARAMA to launch a coup in 2006. BAINIMARAMA appointed himself prime minister in 2007 and retained the position after elections in 2014 and 2018 that international observers deemed credible. BAINIMARAMA's party lost control of the prime minister position after elections in 2022 with former opposition leader Sitiveni Ligamamada RABUKA winning the office by a narrow margin."
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}
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},
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"Geography": {
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"National color(s)": {
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"text": "light blue"
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},
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"National anthem": {
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"National anthem(s)": {
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"title": {
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"text": "\"God Bless Fiji\""
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},
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},
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"history": {
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"text": "adopted 1970; known in Fijian as \"Meda Dau Doka\" (Let Us Show Pride); adapted from the hymn, \"Dwelling in Beulah Land,\" the anthem's English lyrics are usually used, although they differ in meaning from the official Fijian lyrics"
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},
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1970; known in Fijian as \"Meda Dau Doka\" (Let Us Show Pride); adapted from the hymn, \"Dwelling in Beulah Land,\" the anthem's English lyrics are usually used, although they differ in meaning from the official Fijian lyrics"
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}
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},
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"National heritage": {
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"total World Heritage Sites": {
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@ -570,7 +570,7 @@
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"National color(s)": {
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"text": "light blue, white"
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},
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"National anthem": {
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"National anthem(s)": {
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"title": {
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"text": "\"Patriots of Micronesia\""
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},
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@ -579,8 +579,7 @@
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},
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"history": {
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"text": "adopted 1991; also known as \"Across All Micronesia;\" the music is based on the 1820 German patriotic song \"Ich hab mich ergeben,\" which was the West German national anthem from 1949 to 1950"
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},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1991; also known as \"Across All Micronesia;\" the music is based on the 1820 German patriotic song \"Ich hab mich ergeben,\" which was the West German national anthem from 1949 to 1950"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National heritage": {
|
||||
"total World Heritage Sites": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -477,7 +477,8 @@
|
|||
"text": "none (overseas land of France)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National holiday": {
|
||||
"text": "Fête de la Fédération, 14 July (1790); note - the local holiday is Internal Autonomy Day, 29 June (1880)"
|
||||
"text": "Fête de la Fédération, 14 July (1790)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the local holiday is Internal Autonomy Day, 29 June (1880)<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> often incorrectly referred to as Bastille Day, France's national celebration commemorates the storming of the Bastille prison on 14 July 1789 and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy; other names for the holiday are <em>la Fête nationale</em> (National Holiday) and <em>le Quatorze Juillet</em> (14th of July)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Flag description": {
|
||||
"text": "two red horizontal bands flank a wide white band in a 1:2:1 ratio; centered on the white band is a disk with a blue-and-white wave pattern depicting the sea on the lower half and a gold-and-white ray pattern depicting the sun on the upper half; a Polynesian canoe on the disk has a crew of five, represented by five stars that also symbolize the five island groups; red and white are traditional Polynesian colors",
|
||||
|
|
@ -489,17 +490,16 @@
|
|||
"National color(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "red, white"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem": {
|
||||
"National anthem(s)": {
|
||||
"title": {
|
||||
"text": "\"La Marseillaise\""
|
||||
"text": "\"La Marseillaise\" (The Song of Marseille)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"lyrics/music": {
|
||||
"text": "Claude-Joseph ROUGET de Lisle"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "official anthem, as a French territory"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1993; serves as a local anthem; \"La Marseillaise\" is the official anthem for French Polynesia, as a territory of France (see France)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National heritage": {
|
||||
"total World Heritage Sites": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -380,7 +380,8 @@
|
|||
"text": "see United States"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Suffrage": {
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age; universal; note - Guamanians are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections"
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age; universal",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Guamanians are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Executive branch": {
|
||||
"chief of state": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -480,7 +481,7 @@
|
|||
"National color(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "deep blue, red"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem": {
|
||||
"National anthem(s)": {
|
||||
"title": {
|
||||
"text": "\"The Star-Spangled Banner\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -489,8 +490,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "official anthem, as a US territory; usually played after \"Stand, Ye Guamanians\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1919; the local anthem is also known as \"Guam Hymn;\" because of Guam's status as a US territory, \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" is the official anthem and is usually played after \"Stand, Ye Guamanians\" (see United States)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
|
|||
"water": {
|
||||
"text": "0 sq km"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, and Phoenix Islands - dispersed over about 3.5 million sq km (1.35 million sq mi)"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> includes three island groups -- Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, and Phoenix Islands -- dispersed over about 3.5 million sq km (1.35 million sq mi)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Area - comparative": {
|
||||
"text": "four times the size of Washington, D.C."
|
||||
|
|
@ -613,7 +613,7 @@
|
|||
"National color(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "red, white, blue, yellow"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem": {
|
||||
"National anthem(s)": {
|
||||
"title": {
|
||||
"text": "\"Teirake kaini Kiribati\" (Stand Up, Kiribati)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -622,8 +622,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "adopted 1979"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1979"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National heritage": {
|
||||
"total World Heritage Sites": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"Introduction": {
|
||||
"Background": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Although Europeans sighted Christmas Island in 1615, it was named for the day of its rediscovery in 1643. Steep cliffs and dense jungle hampered attempts to explore the island over the next two centuries. The discovery of phosphate on the island in 1887 led to the UK annexing it the following year. In 1898, 200 Chinese indentured servants were brought in to work the mines, along with Malays, Sikhs, and a small number of Europeans. The UK administered Christmas Island from Singapore.<br><br>Japan invaded the island in 1942, but islanders sabotaged Japanese mining operations, making the mines relatively unproductive. After World War II, Australia and New Zealand bought the company mining the phosphate, and in 1958, the UK transferred sovereignty from Singapore to Australia in exchange for $20 million to compensate for the loss of future phosphate income. In 1980, Australia set up the Christmas Island National Park and expanded its boundaries throughout the 1980s until it covered more than 60% of the island’s territory. The phosphate mine was closed in 1987 because of environmental concerns, and Australia has rejected several efforts to reopen it.<br><br>In the 1980s, boats of asylum seekers started landing on Christmas Island, and the migrants claimed refugee status because they were on Australian territory. In 2001, Australia declared Christmas Island to be outside the Australian migration zone and built an immigration detention center on the island. Completed in 2008, the controversial detention center was closed in 2018 but then reopened in 2019. In 2020, the center served as a coronavirus quarantine facility for Australian citizens evacuated from China.</p>"
|
||||
"text": "Although Europeans sighted Christmas Island in 1615, it was named for the day of its rediscovery in 1643. Steep cliffs and dense jungle hampered attempts to explore the island over the next two centuries. The discovery of phosphate on the island in 1887 led to the UK annexing it the following year. In 1898, 200 Chinese indentured servants were brought in to work the mines, along with Malays, Sikhs, and a small number of Europeans. The UK administered Christmas Island from Singapore.<br><br>Japan invaded the island in 1942, but islanders sabotaged Japanese mining operations, making the mines relatively unproductive. After World War II, Australia and New Zealand bought the company mining the phosphate, and in 1958, the UK transferred sovereignty from Singapore to Australia in exchange for $20 million to compensate for the loss of future phosphate income. In 1980, Australia set up the Christmas Island National Park and expanded its boundaries throughout the 1980s until it covered more than 60% of the island’s territory. The phosphate mine was closed in 1987 because of environmental concerns, and Australia has rejected several efforts to reopen it.<br><br>In the 1980s, boats of asylum seekers started landing on Christmas Island, and the migrants claimed refugee status because they were on Australian territory. In 2001, Australia declared Christmas Island to be outside the Australian migration zone and built an immigration detention center on the island. Completed in 2008, the controversial detention center was closed in 2018 but then reopened in 2019. In 2020, the center served as a coronavirus quarantine facility for Australian citizens evacuated from China."
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -282,7 +282,7 @@
|
|||
"National symbol(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "golden bosun bird"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem": {
|
||||
"National anthem(s)": {
|
||||
"title": {
|
||||
"text": "\"God Save the King\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -291,8 +291,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "royal anthem, as an Australian territory"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> because the island is a territory of Australia, \"Advance Australia Fair\" is the national anthem, and \"God Save the King\" serves as the royal anthem (see Australia)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "most of the populace lives in the southern part of the main island, in and around the capital of Noumea"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural hazards": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>cyclones, most frequent from November to March</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> Matthew and Hunter Islands are historically active</p>"
|
||||
"text": "cyclones, most frequent from November to March <br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> Matthew and Hunter Islands are historically active"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the Pacific Ocean), the archipelago of Iles Loyauté, and numerous small, sparsely populated islands and atolls"
|
||||
|
|
@ -474,7 +474,8 @@
|
|||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in three independence referenda, on 4 November 2018, 4 October 2020, and 12 December 2021, the majority voted to reject independence in favor of maintaining the status quo"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National holiday": {
|
||||
"text": "Fête de la Fédération, 14 July (1790); note - the local holiday is New Caledonia Day, 24 September (1853)"
|
||||
"text": "Fête de la Fédération, 14 July (1790)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the local holiday is New Caledonia Day, 24 September (1853)<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> often incorrectly referred to as Bastille Day, France's national celebration commemorates the storming of the Bastille prison on 14 July 1789 and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy; other names for the holiday are <em>la Fête nationale</em> (National Holiday) and <em>le Quatorze Juillet</em> (14th of July)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Flag description": {
|
||||
"text": "two official flags: the flag of France and the Kanak (ethnic Melanesian) flag have equal status; the latter consists of three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and green; a large yellow disk shifted slightly to the hoist side is edged in black and displays a black <em>fleche faîtière</em> symbol, a native rooftop adornment"
|
||||
|
|
@ -485,17 +486,19 @@
|
|||
"National color(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "grey, red"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem": {
|
||||
"National coat of arms": {
|
||||
"text": "the emblem features two symbols of the local Kanak people: the flèche faîtière, which is a common rooftop adornment on houses, and the nautilus shell, which represents the sea; the third part of the emblem is a stylized representation of a New Caledonia pine tree"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem(s)": {
|
||||
"title": {
|
||||
"text": "\"La Marseillaise\""
|
||||
"text": "\"La Marseillaise\" (The Song of Marseille)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"lyrics/music": {
|
||||
"text": "Claude-Joseph ROUGET de Lisle"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "official anthem, as a self-governing French territory"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 2008; contains a mixture of lyrics in both French and Nengone (a local language); in addition to the local anthem, \"La Marseillaise\" is the official anthem for New Caledonia, as a self-governing territory of France (see France)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National heritage": {
|
||||
"total World Heritage Sites": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -413,7 +413,7 @@
|
|||
"National color(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "yellow"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem": {
|
||||
"National anthem(s)": {
|
||||
"title": {
|
||||
"text": "\"Ko e Iki he Lagi\" (The Lord in Heaven)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -422,8 +422,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "adopted 1974"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1974"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -301,7 +301,7 @@
|
|||
"National coat of arms": {
|
||||
"text": "Norfolk Island is part of the Commonwealth of Australia, and in 1980, Queen Elizabeth II granted it a separate coat of arms (pictured); in the center is the island’s symbol, the Norfolk Island Pine, with Britain’s lion and Australia’s kangaroo supporting the shield; the island’s motto, “Inasmuch,” comes from a verse in the Bible’s Gospel of Matthew"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem": {
|
||||
"National anthem(s)": {
|
||||
"title": {
|
||||
"text": "\"God Save the King\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -310,8 +310,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "official anthem, as an Australian overseas territory"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the local anthem, whose lyrics come from the Bible's Book of Matthew (25:34-36, 40), is also known as \"The Pitcairn Anthem;\" the island does not recognize \"Advance Australia Fair,\" Australia's national anthem that is used in other Australian territories; \"God Save the King\" is the official anthem (see United Kingdom)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "three quarters of the population lives in rural areas; the urban populace lives primarily in two cities, Port-Vila and Lugenville; the three largest islands -- Espiritu Santo, Malakula, and Efate -- accommodate over half of the populace"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural hazards": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>tropical cyclones (January to April); volcanic eruption on Aoba (Ambae) island began on 27 November 2005, volcanism also causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> significant volcanic activity with multiple eruptions in recent years; Yasur (361 m), one of the world's most active volcanoes, has experienced continuous activity in recent centuries; other historically active volcanoes include Aoba, Ambrym, Epi, Gaua, Kuwae, Lopevi, Suretamatai, and Traitor's Head</p>"
|
||||
"text": "tropical cyclones (January to April); volcanic activity; volcanism also causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis <br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> significant volcanic activity with multiple eruptions in recent years; Yasur (361 m), one of the world's most active volcanoes, has experienced continuous activity in recent centuries; other historically active volcanoes include Aoba, Ambrym, Epi, Gaua, Kuwae, Lopevi, Suretamatai, and Traitor's Head"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "a Y-shaped chain of four main islands and 80 smaller islands; several of the islands have active volcanoes, including several underwater volcanoes"
|
||||
|
|
@ -606,7 +606,7 @@
|
|||
"National color(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "red, black, green, yellow"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem": {
|
||||
"National anthem(s)": {
|
||||
"title": {
|
||||
"text": "\"Yumi, Yumi, Yumi\" (We, We, We)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -615,8 +615,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "adopted 1980; the anthem is written in Bislama, a Creole language"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1980; the anthem is written in Bislama, a Creole language"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National heritage": {
|
||||
"total World Heritage Sites": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
|
|||
"National color(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "blue, yellow, white"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem": {
|
||||
"National anthem(s)": {
|
||||
"title": {
|
||||
"text": "\"Nauru Bwiema\" (Song of Nauru)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -571,8 +571,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "adopted 1968"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1968"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "over three quarters of New Zealanders, including the Maori, live on the North Island, primarily in urban areas"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural hazards": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> significant volcanism on North Island; Ruapehu (2,797 m), which last erupted in 2007, has a history of large eruptions in the past century; Taranaki has the potential to produce dangerous avalanches and lahars; other historically active volcanoes include Okataina, Raoul Island, Tongariro, and White Island; see note 2 under \"Geography - note\"</p>"
|
||||
"text": "earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity <br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> significant volcanism on North Island; Ruapehu (2,797 m) has a history of large eruptions in the past century; Taranaki has the potential to produce dangerous avalanches and lahars; other historically active volcanoes include Okataina, Raoul Island, Tongariro, and White Island; see note 2 under \"Geography - note\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<p><strong>note 1:</strong> consists of two main islands and a number of smaller islands; South Island, the larger main island, is the 12th largest island in the world and is divided along its length by the Southern Alps; North Island is the 14th largest island in the world and is not as mountainous, but it is marked by volcanism</p> <p><strong>note 2:</strong> New Zealand lies along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire</p> <p><strong>note 3:</strong> almost 90% of the population lives in cities and over three-quarters on North Island; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world</p>"
|
||||
|
|
@ -628,7 +628,8 @@
|
|||
"text": "26 September 1907 (from the UK)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National holiday": {
|
||||
"text": "Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840); Anzac Day (commemorated as the anniversary of the landing of troops of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during World War I at Gallipoli, Turkey), 25 April (1915)"
|
||||
"text": "Waitangi Day, 6 February (1840); Anzac Day, 25 April (1915)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand, and the second holiday commemorates the landing of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps in Gallipoli, Turkey, during World War I"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Flag description": {
|
||||
"text": "blue with the UK flag in the upper hoist-side quadrant, with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation"
|
||||
|
|
@ -642,7 +643,7 @@
|
|||
"National coat of arms": {
|
||||
"text": "the first quarter of the shield shows four stars that represent the Southern Cross constellation and three ships that symbolize New Zealand's sea trade; in the second quarter, a fleece represents the sheep farming industry; the wheat sheaf in the third quarter represents the agricultural industry; the crossed hammers in the fourth quarter represent mining; the Māori chieftain holds a <em>taiaha </em>(a Māori war weapon) and a European woman holds the New Zealand flag; St. Edward's crown, shown above the shield, symbolizes the British monarch"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem": {
|
||||
"National anthem(s)": {
|
||||
"title": {
|
||||
"text": "\"God Save the King\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "see United Kingdom"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Suffrage": {
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age; universal with three years residency"
|
||||
"text": "18 years of age; universal with three years of residency"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Executive branch": {
|
||||
"chief of state": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
|
|||
"Flag description": {
|
||||
"text": "blue with the UK flag in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Pitcairn Islander coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the green, yellow, and blue of the shield represents the island rising from the ocean; the green field features a yellow anchor with a Bible over it (both were found on the <em>HMS Bounty</em>); a Pitcairn Island wheelbarrow is on the crest, with a flowering twig of miro (a local plant)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem": {
|
||||
"National anthem(s)": {
|
||||
"title": {
|
||||
"text": "\"God Save the King\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -284,8 +284,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "official anthem, as a UK overseas territory"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> serves as a local anthem; \"God Save the King\" is the official anthem for the islands, as a UK overseas territory (see United Kingdom)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -622,7 +622,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National holiday": {
|
||||
"text": "Constitution Day, 9 July (1981), day of a national referendum to pass the new constitution; Independence Day, 1 October (1994)"
|
||||
"text": "Constitution Day, 9 July (1981); Independence Day, 1 October (1994)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Flag description": {
|
||||
"text": "light blue with a large yellow disk shifted slightly to the hoist side; blue stands for the ocean, and the disk for the moon, which is considered a symbol of peace, love, and tranquility"
|
||||
|
|
@ -633,7 +633,7 @@
|
|||
"National color(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "blue, yellow"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem": {
|
||||
"National anthem(s)": {
|
||||
"title": {
|
||||
"text": "\"Belau rekid\" (Our Palau)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -642,8 +642,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "adopted 1980"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1980"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National heritage": {
|
||||
"total World Heritage Sites": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
|
|||
"water": {
|
||||
"text": "0 sq km"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the archipelago includes 11,673 sq km of lagoon waters and encompasses the atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, Kwajalein, Majuro, Rongelap, and Utirik"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the archipelago includes 11,673 sq km (4,507 sq mi) of lagoon and encompasses the atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, Kwajalein, Majuro, Rongelap, and Utirik"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Area - comparative": {
|
||||
"text": "about the size of Washington, D.C."
|
||||
|
|
@ -611,7 +611,7 @@
|
|||
"National color(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "blue, white, orange"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem": {
|
||||
"National anthem(s)": {
|
||||
"title": {
|
||||
"text": "\"Forever Marshall Islands\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -620,8 +620,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "adopted 1981"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1981"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National heritage": {
|
||||
"total World Heritage Sites": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -348,7 +348,8 @@
|
|||
"text": "none (territory of New Zealand)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National holiday": {
|
||||
"text": "Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)"
|
||||
"text": "Waitangi Day, 6 February (1840)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Flag description": {
|
||||
"text": "a yellow stylized Tokelauan canoe on a dark blue field sails toward the Southern Cross constellation with four white five-pointed stars at the hoist side; the stars represent the role of Christianity in Tokelauan culture; the stars and canoe together symbolize the country navigating into the future; yellow stands for happiness and peace, and blue for the ocean"
|
||||
|
|
@ -359,7 +360,7 @@
|
|||
"National color(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "blue, yellow, white"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem": {
|
||||
"National anthem(s)": {
|
||||
"title": {
|
||||
"text": "\"God Save the King\""
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -368,8 +369,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "official anthem, as a territory of New Zealand; normally played only when a member of the royal family or the governor-general is present"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 2008; national contest was held to choose an anthem; as a territory of New Zealand, in addition to \"God Defend New Zealand,\" \"God Save the King\" serves as a royal anthem (see United Kingdom); \"God Save the King\" normally played only when a member of the royal family or the governor-general is present; in all other cases, \"God Defend New Zealand\" is played (see New Zealand)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "over two thirds of the population lives on the island of Tongatapu; only 45 of the nation's 171 islands are occupied"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural hazards": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> moderate volcanic activity; Fonualei (180 m) has shown frequent activity in recent years, while Niuafo'ou (260 m), which last erupted in 1985, has forced evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Late and Tofua</p>"
|
||||
"text": "cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou <br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> moderate volcanic activity; Fonualei (180 m) has had frequent activity in recent years, and Niuafo'ou (260 m) has forced evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Late and Tofua"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the western islands (making up the Tongan Volcanic Arch) are all of volcanic origin; the eastern islands are nonvolcanic and are composed of coral limestone and sand"
|
||||
|
|
@ -612,7 +612,8 @@
|
|||
"text": "4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate status)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National holiday": {
|
||||
"text": "Official Birthday of King TUPOU VI, 4 July (1959); note - actual birthday of the monarch is 12 July 1959, 4 July (2015) is the day the king was crowned; Constitution Day (National Day), 4 November (1875)"
|
||||
"text": "Official Birthday of King TUPOU VI, 4 July (1959)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> actual birthday of the monarch is 12 July 1959, 4 July (2015) is the day the king was crowned; Constitution Day (National Day), 4 November (1875)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Flag description": {
|
||||
"text": "red with a red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner; the cross stands for Christianity in Tonga, red for Christ's blood and sacrifice, and white for purity"
|
||||
|
|
@ -623,7 +624,7 @@
|
|||
"National color(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "red, white"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem": {
|
||||
"National anthem(s)": {
|
||||
"title": {
|
||||
"text": "\"Ko e fasi 'o e tu'i 'o e 'Otu Tonga\" (Song of the King of the Tonga Islands)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -632,8 +633,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "in use since 1875; more commonly known as \"Fasi Fakafonua\" (National Song)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in use since 1875; more commonly known as \"Fasi Fakafonua\" (National Song)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Area - comparative": {
|
||||
"text": "0.1 times the size of Washington, D.C."
|
||||
"text": "about the size of Washington, D.C."
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Land boundaries": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -553,7 +553,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Political parties": {
|
||||
"text": "there are no political parties, but members of parliament usually align themselves in informal groupings"
|
||||
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> no political parties, but members of parliament usually align in informal groupings"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
|
||||
"chief of mission": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -596,7 +596,7 @@
|
|||
"National color(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "light blue, yellow"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem": {
|
||||
"National anthem(s)": {
|
||||
"title": {
|
||||
"text": "\"Tuvalu mo te Atua\" (Tuvalu for the Almighty)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -605,8 +605,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "adopted 1978; the anthem's name is also the nation's motto"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1978; the anthem's name is also the nation's motto"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography": {
|
||||
"Location": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Oceania</p><p><strong>Baker Island:</strong> atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 3,390 km southwest of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and Australia; </p><p><strong>Howland Island:</strong> island in the North Pacific Ocean 3,360 km southwest of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and Australia; </p><p><strong>Jarvis Island:</strong> island in the South Pacific Ocean 2,415 km south of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and Cook Islands; </p><p><strong>Johnston Atoll:</strong> atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 1,330 km southwest of Honolulu, about one-third of the way from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands; </p><p><strong>Kingman Reef:</strong> reef in the North Pacific Ocean 1,720 km south of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and American Samoa; </p><p><strong>Midway Islands:</strong> atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 2,335 km northwest of Honolulu near the end of the Hawaiian Archipelago, about one-third of the way from Honolulu to Tokyo; </p><p><strong>Palmyra Atoll:</strong> atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 1,780 km south of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and American Samoa</p>"
|
||||
"text": "Oceania <p><strong>Baker Island:</strong> atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 3,390 km southwest of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and Australia;</p> <p><strong>Howland Island:</strong> island in the North Pacific Ocean 3,360 km southwest of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and Australia;</p> <p><strong>Jarvis Island:</strong> island in the South Pacific Ocean 2,415 km south of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and Cook Islands;</p> <p><strong>Johnston Atoll:</strong> atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 1,330 km southwest of Honolulu, about one-third of the way from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands;</p> <p><strong>Kingman Reef:</strong> reef in the North Pacific Ocean 1,720 km south of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and American Samoa;</p> <p><strong>Midway Islands:</strong> atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 2,335 km northwest of Honolulu near the end of the Hawaiian Archipelago, about one-third of the way from Honolulu to Tokyo;</p> <strong>Palmyra Atoll:</strong> atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 1,780 km south of Honolulu, about halfway between Hawaii and American Samoa"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geographic coordinates": {
|
||||
"text": "<p><strong>Baker Island:</strong> 0 13 N, 176 28 W; </p><p><strong>Howland Island:</strong> 0 48 N, 176 38 W; </p><p><strong>Jarvis Island:</strong> 0 23 S, 160 01 W; </p><p><strong>Johnston Atoll:</strong> 16 45 N, 169 31 W; </p><p><strong>Kingman Reef:</strong> 6 23 N, 162 25 W; </p><p><strong>Midway Islands:</strong> 28 12 N, 177 22 W; </p><p><strong>Palmyra Atoll:</strong> 5 53 N, 162 05 W</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<strong>Baker Island:</strong> 0 13 N, 176 28 W <p><strong>Howland Island:</strong> 0 48 N, 176 38 W</p> <p><strong>Jarvis Island:</strong> 0 23 S, 160 01 W</p> <p><strong>Johnston Atoll:</strong> 16 45 N, 169 31 W</p> <p><strong>Kingman Reef:</strong> 6 23 N, 162 25 W</p> <p><strong>Midway Islands:</strong> 28 12 N, 177 22 W</p> <strong>Palmyra Atoll:</strong> 5 53 N, 162 05 W"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Map references": {
|
||||
"text": "Oceania"
|
||||
|
|
@ -18,10 +18,10 @@
|
|||
"land": {
|
||||
"text": "6,959.41 sq km (emergent land - 22.41 sq km; submerged - 6,937 sq km)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>Baker Island: </strong>total - 129.1 sq km; emergent land - 2.1 sq km; submerged - 127 sq km<br> <strong>Howland Island: </strong>total - 138.6 sq km; emergent land - 2.6 sq km; submerged - 136 sq km<br> <strong>Jarvis Island: </strong>total - 152 sq km; emergent land - 5 sq km; submerged - 147 sq km<br> <strong>Johnston Atoll: </strong>total - 276.6 sq km; emergent land - 2.6 sq km; submerged - 274 sq km<br> <strong>Kingman Reef: </strong>total - 1,958.01 sq km; emergent land - 0.01 sq km; submerged - 1,958 sq km<br> <strong>Midway Islands: </strong>total - 2,355.2 sq km; emergent land - 6.2 sq km; submerged - 2,349 sq km<br> <strong>Palmyra Atoll: </strong>total - 1,949.9 sq km; emergent land - 3.9 sq km; submerged - 1,946 sq km"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>Baker Island: </strong>total - 129.1 sq km; emergent land - 2.1 sq km; submerged - 127 sq km<br><br><strong>Howland Island: </strong>total - 138.6 sq km; emergent land - 2.6 sq km; submerged - 136 sq km<br><br><strong>Jarvis Island: </strong>total - 152 sq km; emergent land - 5 sq km; submerged - 147 sq km<br><br><strong>Johnston Atoll: </strong>total - 276.6 sq km; emergent land - 2.6 sq km; submerged - 274 sq km<br><br><strong>Kingman Reef: </strong>total - 1,958.01 sq km; emergent land - 0.01 sq km; submerged - 1,958 sq km<br><br><strong>Midway Islands: </strong>total - 2,355.2 sq km; emergent land - 6.2 sq km; submerged - 2,349 sq km<br><br><strong>Palmyra Atoll: </strong>total - 1,949.9 sq km; emergent land - 3.9 sq km; submerged - 1,946 sq km"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Area - comparative": {
|
||||
"text": "<p><strong>Baker Island:</strong> about 2.5 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.;</p> <p><strong>Howland Island:</strong> about three times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.;</p> <p><strong>Jarvis Island:</strong> about eight times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.;</p> <p><strong>Johnston Atoll:</strong> about 4.5 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.;</p> <p><strong>Kingman Reef:</strong> a little more than 1.5 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.;</p> <p><strong>Midway Islands:</strong> about nine times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.;</p> <p><strong>Palmyra Atoll:</strong> about 20 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<strong>Baker Island:</strong> about 2.5 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.; <p><strong>Howland Island:</strong> about three times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.;</p> <p><strong>Jarvis Island:</strong> about eight times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.;</p> <p><strong>Johnston Atoll:</strong> about 4.5 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.;</p> <p><strong>Kingman Reef:</strong> a little more than 1.5 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.;</p> <p><strong>Midway Islands:</strong> about nine times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.;</p> <strong>Palmyra Atoll:</strong> about 20 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C."
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Land boundaries": {
|
||||
"total": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Climate": {
|
||||
"text": "<p><strong>Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands:</strong> equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun</p> <p><strong>Johnston Atoll and Kingman Reef:</strong> tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation</p> <p><strong>Midway Islands:</strong> subtropical with cool, moist winters (December to February) and warm, dry summers (May to October); moderated by prevailing easterly winds; most of the 107 cm of annual rainfall occurs during the winter</p> <p><strong>Palmyra Atoll:</strong> equatorial, hot; located within the low pressure area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet, it is extremely wet with between 400-500 cm of rainfall each year</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<strong>Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands:</strong> equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun <br><br><strong>Johnston Atoll and Kingman Reef:</strong> tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation <br><br><strong>Midway Islands:</strong> subtropical with cool, moist winters (December to February) and warm, dry summers (May to October); moderated by prevailing easterly winds; most of the 107 cm of annual rainfall occurs during the winter <br><br><strong>Palmyra Atoll:</strong> equatorial, hot; located within the low pressure area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet, it is extremely wet with between 400-500 cm of rainfall each year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Terrain": {
|
||||
"text": "low and nearly flat sandy coral islands with narrow fringing reefs that have developed at the top of submerged volcanic mountains, which in most cases rise steeply from the ocean floor"
|
||||
|
|
@ -62,10 +62,10 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural hazards": {
|
||||
"text": "<p><strong>Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands:</strong> the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island poses a maritime hazard; </p><p><strong>Kingman Reef:</strong> wet or awash most of the time, maximum elevation of less than 2 m makes Kingman Reef a maritime hazard; </p><p><strong>Midway Islands, Johnston, and Palmyra Atolls:</strong> NA</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<strong>Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands:</strong> the narrow fringing reef around the island poses a maritime hazard <br><br><strong>Kingman Reef:</strong> wet or awash most of the time; maximum elevation of less than 2 m makes the reef a maritime hazard"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<p><strong>Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands:</strong> scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, vines, and low-growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife; closed to the public</p> <p><strong>Johnston Atoll:</strong> Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands that have been expanded by coral dredging; North Island (Akau) and East Island (Hikina) are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; the egg-shaped reef is 34 km (21 mi) in circumference; closed to the public</p> <p><strong>Kingman Reef:</strong> barren coral atoll with deep interior lagoon; closed to the public</p> <p><strong>Midway Islands:</strong> a coral atoll managed as a National Wildlife Refuge and open to the public for wildlife observation and photography</p> <p><strong>Palmyra Atoll:</strong> high rainfall and lush vegetation make the environment of this atoll unique among the US Pacific Island territories; supports a large undisturbed stand of Pisonia beach forest</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<strong>Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands:</strong> scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, vines, and low-growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife; closed to the public <br><br><strong>Johnston Atoll:</strong> Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands that have been expanded by coral dredging; North Island (Akau) and East Island (Hikina) are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; the egg-shaped reef is 34 km (21 mi) in circumference; closed to the public <br><br><strong>Kingman Reef:</strong> barren coral atoll with deep interior lagoon; closed to the public <br><br><strong>Midway Islands:</strong> a coral atoll managed as a National Wildlife Refuge and open to the public for wildlife observation and photography <br><br><strong>Palmyra Atoll:</strong> high rainfall and lush vegetation make the environment of this atoll unique among the US Pacific Island territories; supports a large undisturbed stand of Pisonia beach forest"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -75,10 +75,10 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Environment": {
|
||||
"Environmental issues": {
|
||||
"text": "<p><strong>Baker Island: </strong>no natural freshwater resources<br><strong><br>Howland Island: </strong>no natural freshwater resources<br><br><strong>Jarvis Island</strong><strong>:</strong> no natural freshwater resources<br><strong><br>Johnston Atoll: </strong>no natural freshwater resources; invasion of non-native species<br><strong><br>Midway Islands:</strong> pollution from plastic; predominantly non-native plant species </p> <p><strong>Kingman Reef:</strong> none<br><br><strong>Palmyra Atoll:</strong> none</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<strong>Baker Island: </strong>no natural freshwater resources<br><strong><br>Howland Island: </strong>no natural freshwater resources<br><br><strong>Jarvis Island</strong><strong>:</strong> no natural freshwater resources<br><strong><br>Johnston Atoll: </strong>no natural freshwater resources; invasion of non-native species<br><strong><br>Midway Islands:</strong> pollution from plastic; predominantly non-native plant species <br><br><strong>Kingman Reef:</strong> none<br><br><strong>Palmyra Atoll:</strong> none"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Climate": {
|
||||
"text": "<p><strong>Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands:</strong> equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun</p> <p><strong>Johnston Atoll and Kingman Reef:</strong> tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation</p> <p><strong>Midway Islands:</strong> subtropical with cool, moist winters (December to February) and warm, dry summers (May to October); moderated by prevailing easterly winds; most of the 107 cm of annual rainfall occurs during the winter</p> <p><strong>Palmyra Atoll:</strong> equatorial, hot; located within the low pressure area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet, it is extremely wet with between 400-500 cm of rainfall each year</p>"
|
||||
"text": "<strong>Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands:</strong> equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun <br><br><strong>Johnston Atoll and Kingman Reef:</strong> tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation <br><br><strong>Midway Islands:</strong> subtropical with cool, moist winters (December to February) and warm, dry summers (May to October); moderated by prevailing easterly winds; most of the 107 cm of annual rainfall occurs during the winter <br><br><strong>Palmyra Atoll:</strong> equatorial, hot; located within the low pressure area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet, it is extremely wet with between 400-500 cm of rainfall each year"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Land use": {
|
||||
"other": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -448,17 +448,16 @@
|
|||
"National color(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "red, white"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem": {
|
||||
"National anthem(s)": {
|
||||
"title": {
|
||||
"text": "\"La Marseillaise\""
|
||||
"text": "\"La Marseillaise\" (The Song of Marseille)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"lyrics/music": {
|
||||
"text": "Claude-Joseph ROUGET de Lisle"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "official anthem, as a French territory"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as a territory of France, \"La Marseillaise\" is official (see France)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
|
|||
"text": "about three quarters of the population lives on the island of Upolu"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Natural hazards": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>occasional cyclones; active volcanism</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> Savai'I Island (1,858 m), which last erupted in 1911, is historically active</p>"
|
||||
"text": "occasional cyclones; active volcanism <br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> Savai'I Island (1,858 m) is historically active"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "occupies an almost central position within Polynesia"
|
||||
|
|
@ -613,7 +613,8 @@
|
|||
"text": "1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National holiday": {
|
||||
"text": "Independence Day Celebration, 1 June (1962); note - 1 January 1962 is the date of independence from the New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship, but it is observed in June"
|
||||
"text": "Independence Day Celebration, 1 June (1962)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1 January 1962 is the date of independence from the New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship, but it is observed in June"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Flag description": {
|
||||
"text": "red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant bearing five white, five-pointed stars that represent the Southern Cross constellation; red stands for courage, blue for freedom, and white for purity",
|
||||
|
|
@ -625,7 +626,7 @@
|
|||
"National color(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "red, white, blue"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"National anthem": {
|
||||
"National anthem(s)": {
|
||||
"title": {
|
||||
"text": "\"O le Fu'a o le Sa'olotoga o Samoa\" (The Banner of Freedom)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
@ -634,8 +635,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"history": {
|
||||
"text": "adopted 1962; also known as \"Samoa Tula'i\" (Samoa Arise)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1962; also known as \"Samoa Tula'i\" (Samoa Arise)"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Economy": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue