From 8e9f69b496a87bfa1e8852663758845aeca9d593 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yo Robot Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2023 22:09:41 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] auto-update week 10 --- africa/bc.json | 8 ++++---- africa/bn.json | 16 +++++++-------- africa/by.json | 6 +++--- africa/cd.json | 10 ++++----- africa/cf.json | 4 ++-- africa/cg.json | 14 ++++++------- africa/cm.json | 6 +++--- africa/cn.json | 4 ++-- africa/ct.json | 4 ++-- africa/cv.json | 2 +- africa/eg.json | 2 +- africa/ek.json | 4 ++-- africa/er.json | 8 ++++---- africa/et.json | 2 +- africa/gb.json | 2 +- africa/gh.json | 2 +- africa/gv.json | 6 +++--- africa/iv.json | 6 +++--- africa/ke.json | 2 +- africa/ly.json | 2 +- africa/ma.json | 2 +- africa/mo.json | 2 +- africa/mp.json | 2 +- africa/ni.json | 8 ++++---- africa/od.json | 2 +- africa/pu.json | 4 ++-- africa/rw.json | 2 +- africa/sf.json | 4 ++-- africa/so.json | 2 +- africa/su.json | 2 +- africa/ts.json | 2 +- africa/ug.json | 2 +- africa/uv.json | 8 ++++---- africa/wa.json | 2 +- africa/zi.json | 2 +- australia-oceania/as.json | 10 ++++----- australia-oceania/fj.json | 4 ++-- central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json | 6 +++--- central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json | 8 ++++---- central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json | 8 ++++---- central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json | 8 ++++---- central-america-n-caribbean/do.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/es.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json | 2 +- central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json | 4 ++-- central-asia/rs.json | 2 +- central-asia/ti.json | 2 +- central-asia/tx.json | 4 ++-- central-asia/uz.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json | 10 ++++----- east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json | 4 ++-- east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json | 6 +++--- east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json | 6 +++--- east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json | 4 ++-- east-n-southeast-asia/my.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json | 4 ++-- east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json | 2 +- east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json | 2 +- europe/al.json | 2 +- europe/au.json | 8 ++++---- europe/be.json | 6 +++--- europe/bk.json | 6 +++--- europe/bo.json | 8 ++++---- europe/bu.json | 6 +++--- europe/cy.json | 8 ++++---- europe/fr.json | 2 +- europe/gr.json | 2 +- europe/hr.json | 2 +- europe/it.json | 4 ++-- europe/kv.json | 2 +- europe/md.json | 2 +- europe/mj.json | 4 ++-- europe/mt.json | 2 +- europe/ri.json | 2 +- europe/ro.json | 2 +- europe/si.json | 2 +- europe/sp.json | 2 +- europe/up.json | 2 +- middle-east/ae.json | 2 +- middle-east/aj.json | 6 +++--- middle-east/ba.json | 6 +++--- middle-east/ir.json | 4 ++-- middle-east/is.json | 2 +- middle-east/iz.json | 2 +- middle-east/jo.json | 2 +- middle-east/ku.json | 4 ++-- middle-east/le.json | 2 +- middle-east/qa.json | 4 ++-- middle-east/sa.json | 2 +- north-america/bd.json | 6 +++--- north-america/ca.json | 6 +++--- south-america/ar.json | 32 ++++++++++++++--------------- south-america/bl.json | 12 +++++------ south-america/br.json | 10 ++++----- south-america/ci.json | 8 ++++---- south-america/co.json | 8 ++++---- south-america/uy.json | 2 +- south-asia/af.json | 2 +- south-asia/bg.json | 6 +++--- south-asia/bt.json | 8 ++++---- south-asia/in.json | 4 ++-- south-asia/np.json | 2 +- south-asia/pk.json | 4 ++-- world/xx.json | 4 ++-- 107 files changed, 245 insertions(+), 245 deletions(-) diff --git a/africa/bc.json b/africa/bc.json index 375959ee..7d02feb4 100644 --- a/africa/bc.json +++ b/africa/bc.json @@ -478,13 +478,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "100.6 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "100 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "23.4 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "30 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "69 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "70 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { @@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Amanda S. JACOBSEN" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Amanda S. JACOBSEN" }, "embassy": { "text": "Embassy Drive, Government Enclave (off Khama Crescent), Gaborone" diff --git a/africa/bn.json b/africa/bn.json index c70973f2..c47ed9d2 100644 --- a/africa/bn.json +++ b/africa/bn.json @@ -503,13 +503,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "145 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "150 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "30 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "30 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "59 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "60 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { @@ -1094,18 +1094,18 @@ "Communications": { "Telephones - fixed lines": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "32,386 (2020 est.)" + "text": "11,493 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "(2020 est.) less than 1" + "text": "(2021 est.) less than 1" } }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { "total subscriptions": { - "text": "11,140,891 (2020 est.)" + "text": "12,731,782 (2021 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "92 (2020 est.)" + "text": "98 (2021 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { @@ -1113,7 +1113,7 @@ "text": "Benin’s telecom market continues to be restricted by the poor condition of the country’s fixed-line infrastructure; this has hampered the development of fixed-line voice and internet services, and there is negligible revenue derived from these sectors; mobile networks account for almost all internet connections, and also carry most voice traffic; there is promise for considerable change in the mobile sector; slow progress is being made in developing competition in the mobile sector; in May 2021 the government sought foreign companies to bid for a fourth mobile license; improved international internet connectivity has contributed to a reduction in end-user pricing, and provided the potential to transform many areas of the country’s economy, bringing a greater proportion of the population into the orbit of internet commerce and connectivity; a 2,000km fiber project started in 2016 was finally completed in mid-2021, prompting the government to secure a loan to build additional fiber infrastructure connecting four of the country’s 12 departments (2022)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "fixed-line teledensity only about 1 per 100 persons; spurred by the presence of multiple mobile-cellular providers, cellular telephone subscribership has increased rapidly, nearing 92 per 100 persons (2020)" + "text": "fixed-line teledensity less than 1 per 100 people; mobile cellular subscriptions are 98 per 100 people (2021)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 229; landing points for the SAT-3/WASC and ACE fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe, and most West African countries; satellite earth stations - 7 (Intelsat-Atlantic Ocean) (2019)" diff --git a/africa/by.json b/africa/by.json index d0fe9401..ddf1aa1b 100644 --- a/africa/by.json +++ b/africa/by.json @@ -508,13 +508,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "43.1 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "40 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "15 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "20 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "222 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "220 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { diff --git a/africa/cd.json b/africa/cd.json index f20a31e9..9cfe230a 100644 --- a/africa/cd.json +++ b/africa/cd.json @@ -518,13 +518,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "103.7 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "100 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "103.7 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "100 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "672.2 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "670 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { @@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ellen THORBURN (since 8 November 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Ellen THORBURN (since 8 November 2021)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Rond-Point Chagoua, B.P. 413, N’Djamena" @@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "405,239 (Sudan), 124,545 (Central African Republic), 42,607 (Cameroon), 20,498 (Nigeria) (2023)" + "text": "405,239 (Sudan), 124,601 (Central African Republic), 42,607 (Cameroon), 20,694 (Nigeria) (2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "381,289 (majority are in the east) (2023)" diff --git a/africa/cf.json b/africa/cf.json index 7f1a9133..d5571b47 100644 --- a/africa/cf.json +++ b/africa/cf.json @@ -522,10 +522,10 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "63.7 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "60 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "24 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "20 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { "text": "4 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" diff --git a/africa/cg.json b/africa/cg.json index 500ed2ce..37a0f220 100644 --- a/africa/cg.json +++ b/africa/cg.json @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ }, "Natural resources": { "text": "cobalt, copper, niobium, tantalum, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, uranium, coal, hydropower, timber", - "note": "note 1: coltan, the industrial name for a columbite–tantalite mineral from which niobium and tantalum are extracted, is being linked to warfare in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; mining of coltan is mainly artisanal and small-scale and vulnerable to extortion and human trafficking; fighting over cassiterite deposits, a tin ore, is also a major cause of conflict in eastern parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo; tantalum, tin, tungsten, and gold extracted from central Africa are considered \"conflict minerals\" and as such are subject to international monitoring

note 2: the DROC produces as much as 70% of the World's supply of cobalt; between 20-30% of this cobalt is produced in artisanal and small-scale mining operations which are vulnerable to extortion, human trafficking, and exploitative working conditions including child labor" + "note": "note 1: coltan, the industrial name for a columbite–tantalite mineral from which niobium and tantalum are extracted, is being linked to warfare in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; mining of coltan is mainly artisanal and small-scale and vulnerable to extortion and human trafficking; fighting over cassiterite deposits, a tin ore, is also a major cause of conflict in eastern parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo; tantalum, tin, tungsten, and gold extracted from central Africa are considered \"conflict minerals\" and as such are subject to international monitoring

note 2: the DROC is the World's leading producer of cobalt, accounting for as much as 70% of the World's supply; between 20-30% of this cobalt is produced in artisanal and small-scale mining operations which are vulnerable to extortion, human trafficking, and exploitative working conditions including child labor" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { @@ -530,13 +530,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "464.9 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "460 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "146.8 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "150 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "71.9 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "70 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { @@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Stephanie MILEY (since July 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Stephanie MILEY (since July 2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "310 Avenue des Aviateurs, Kinshasa, Gombe" @@ -1343,10 +1343,10 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "

Tier 2 Watch List — The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; the DRC was upgraded to Tier 2 Watch List because of several accomplishments; the government drafted and launched its first national anti-trafficking action plan; authorities increased law enforcement efforts, including investigating and prosecuting more trafficking crimes; a number of traffickers were convicted, including a high-ranking army officer and the leader of an armed group; however, authorities continued to lack standard operating procedures for identifying victims and referring them to care; there were credible allegations that the army abducted women and girls for sexual slavery and recruited and used child soldiers (2020)

" + "text": "

Tier 2 Watch List — The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; the government finalized standard operating procedures for victim identification and referral for services and partnered with NGOs to identify more trafficking victims; the DRC investigated, prosecuted, and convicted traffickers, including complicit officials; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts compared with the previous year; Congolese National Army officers continued coordinating with an armed group allegedly engaged in forcibly recruiting and using children; authorities penalized victims for committing unlawful acts traffickers compelled them to commit, and official complicity in trafficking crimes remains a significant concern; the government did not adopt comprehensive anti-trafficking legislation for the third consecutive year; because the DRC has devoted sufficient resources to a plan that, if implemented, would constitute significant efforts to meet the minimum standards, it was granted a waiver per the TVPA from an otherwise required downgrade to Tier 3, therefore the DRC remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year (2022)

" }, "trafficking profile": { - "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Democratic Republic of the Congo and Congolese abroad; most trafficking is internal and involves the forced labor of men, women, and children in artisanal mining, agriculture, domestic servitude, sex trafficking, or child recruitment by armed groups; some traffickers are family members or others who promise victims or victims’ families educational or job opportunities and instead force victims to work as domestic servants, street vendors, gang members, or in commercial sex; some Congolese women and girls who migrate to other countries in Africa or the Middle East are exploited in sex trafficking or forced labor in agriculture, diamond mines, or domestic service; they may be fraudulently recruited by traffickers with false promises of jobs or education" + "text": "

human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Democratic Republic of the Congo and Congolese abroad; most trafficking is internal and involves the forced labor of men, women, and children in artisanal mining, agriculture, domestic servitude, sex trafficking, or child recruitment by armed groups; some traffickers are family members or others who promise victims or victims’ families educational or job opportunities and instead force victims to work as domestic servants, street vendors, gang members, or in commercial sex; some Congolese women and girls who migrate to other countries in Africa or the Middle East are exploited in sex trafficking or forced labor in agriculture, diamond mines, or domestic service; they may be fraudulently recruited by traffickers with false promises of jobs or education (2022)

" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/africa/cm.json b/africa/cm.json index 5ffa6356..8a8eeb31 100644 --- a/africa/cm.json +++ b/africa/cm.json @@ -532,13 +532,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "246.8 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "250 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "104.6 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "100 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "737 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "740 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { diff --git a/africa/cn.json b/africa/cn.json index c0e26c50..83510a32 100644 --- a/africa/cn.json +++ b/africa/cn.json @@ -1127,10 +1127,10 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 3 — Comoros does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the Anti-Trafficking Task Force met for the first time since 2017 and began drafting a national action plan for combatting trafficking; the government took steps to ratify the 2000 UN TIP Protocol and supported centers that would identify and provide care to victims of crime and would include trafficking victims; however, authorities continued to lack an understanding of trafficking and did not make any anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts; the government did not investigate, prosecute, or convict any alleged traffickers or officials suspected of complicity in trafficking; the government did not develop any standard operating procedures for identifying trafficking victims and referring them to limited care providers; no public awareness campaigns were conducted (2020)" + "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Comoros does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; officials have made key achievements, and therefore, Comoros was upgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; the government has investigated trafficking crimes for the first time since 2014 and initiated its first trafficking prosecution; authorities have been identifying victims and referring them to protective services; Comoros partnered with an international organization and implemented standard operating procedures for victim identification and provided training for officials; the government also conducted anti-trafficking awareness campaigns; despite these achievements, the government has never reported convicting a trafficker, lacks a national referral mechanism, did not finalize a national action plan to combat trafficking, and did not allocate funds for anti-trafficking efforts (2022)" }, "trafficking profile": { - "text": "human traffickers may exploit domestic and foreign victims in Comoros and Comorians abroad; some Comorian and Malagasy women are subject to forced labor in the Middle East; adults and children may be forced to work in agriculture, construction, or as domestics in Mayotte; children abandoned by parents who left to seek jobs abroad are vulnerable to exploitation in domestic service, vending, baking, fishing, and agriculture; children from poor families whose parents place them with a relative or acquaintance for educational opportunities are vulnerable to domestic servitude and physical and sexual abuse; some children in Koranic schools may experience forced labor in agriculture or domestic servitude; inadequate border controls; government corruption, and international crime networks leave Comorians vulnerable to international trafficking" + "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Comoros and Comorians abroad; some Comorian women and children are subject to forced labor and may be vulnerable to sex trafficking; adults may be forced to work in agriculture, construction, or as domestics on Mayotte, a French department, and continental Africa; children on Anjouan, including some abandoned by parents who left to seek jobs abroad, are vulnerable to exploitation in domestic service, vending, baking, fishing, and agriculture; children from poor families whose parents place them with a relative or acquaintance for educational opportunities are vulnerable to domestic servitude and physical and sexual abuse; some children in Koranic schools may experience forced labor in agriculture or domestic servitude; inadequate border controls; government corruption, and international crime networks leave Comorians vulnerable to international trafficking (2022)" } } } diff --git a/africa/ct.json b/africa/ct.json index a350ba6e..7891ce5d 100644 --- a/africa/ct.json +++ b/africa/ct.json @@ -498,10 +498,10 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "60.1 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "60 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "12 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "10 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { "text": "400,000 cubic meters (2017 est.)" diff --git a/africa/cv.json b/africa/cv.json index 6c6d7f8d..a95af445 100644 --- a/africa/cv.json +++ b/africa/cv.json @@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ "text": "400,000 cubic meters (2017 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "25 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "30 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { diff --git a/africa/eg.json b/africa/eg.json index b354f5c1..465fb045 100644 --- a/africa/eg.json +++ b/africa/eg.json @@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant);  Charge d'Affaires Daniel RUBINSTEIN (since 23 August 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Daniel RUBINSTEIN (since 23 August 2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "5 Tawfik Diab St., Garden City, Cairo" diff --git a/africa/ek.json b/africa/ek.json index 71518649..05ef1480 100644 --- a/africa/ek.json +++ b/africa/ek.json @@ -1174,10 +1174,10 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "

Tier 2 Watch List — Equatorial Guinea does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; authorities investigated, and for the first time since 2010, initiated the prosecution of alleged human traffickers; the government partnered with an international organization to provide training for more than 700 officials and civil society actors; authorities developed and implemented formal screening procedures to identify victims within vulnerable populations, an effort that had stalled for five years; however, the government still has not convicted a trafficker or any complicit government employees under its 2004 anti-trafficking law; a lack of training among judicial officials has resulted in potential trafficking crimes being tried under related statutes; victim services remained inadequate; authorities did not report referring any trafficking victims to government housing that was supposed to serve as temporary shelter (2020)

" + "text": "

Tier 2 Watch List — Equatorial Guinea does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; the government increased anti-trafficking awareness campaigns, as well as finalized and began implementing an updated 2022-2024 national action plan and standard operating procedures on victim protection and care; officials improved internal coordination, trained local leaders and law enforcement officials in trafficking indicators, victim identification, and investigation; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increased anti-trafficking efforts compared with the previous year; officials have never convicted a trafficker under its 2004 anti-trafficking law, did not prosecute traffickers or identify victims during the reporting period, and the law did not criminalize all forms of trafficking; senior government officials allegedly were complicit in trafficking crimes; because the government devoted sufficient resources to a plan that, if implemented, would constitute significant efforts to meet minimum standards, Equatorial Guinea was granted a waiver per the TVPA from an otherwise required downgrade to Tier 3, and therefore remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year (2022)

" }, "trafficking profile": { - "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Equatorial Guinea and Equatoguineans abroad; the majority of trafficking victims are subjected to forced domestic service and commercial sex in cities, particularly in the hospitality and restaurant sector; local and foreign women, including Latin Americans, are exploited in commercial sex domestically, while some Equatoguinean women are sex trafficked in Spain; some children from rural areas have been forced into domestic servitude; children from nearby countries are forced to labor as domestic workers, market workers, vendors, and launderers; individuals recruited from African countries and temporary workers from Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and Venezuela are sometimes exploited in forced labor and sex trafficking" + "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Equatorial Guinea and Equatoguineans abroad; the majority of trafficking victims are subjected to forced domestic service and commercial sex in cities, particularly in the hospitality and restaurant sector; local and foreign women, including Latin Americans, are exploited in commercial sex domestically, while some Equatoguinean women are sex trafficked in Spain; some children from rural areas have been forced into domestic servitude; children from nearby countries are forced to labor as domestic workers, market workers, vendors, and launderers; individuals recruited from African countries and temporary workers from Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and Venezuela are sometimes exploited in forced labor and sex trafficking; observers report LGBTQI+ youth are often left homeless and stigmatized by family and society, increasing their vulnerability to trafficking (2022)" } } } diff --git a/africa/er.json b/africa/er.json index fe7d1384..eb5eeb07 100644 --- a/africa/er.json +++ b/africa/er.json @@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Berhane Gebrehiwet SOLOMON (since 15 March 2011)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Berhane Gebrehiwet SOLOMON (since 15 March 2011)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1708 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009" @@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Steven C. WALKER (since December 2019)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Steven C. WALKER (since December 2019)" }, "embassy": { "text": "179 Alaa Street, Asmara" @@ -1196,10 +1196,10 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 3 — Eritrea does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government engaged in critical bilateral and multilateral partnerships to build its capacity for anti-trafficking initiatives; officials participated in a UN-sponsored regional anti-trafficking workshop and committed to produce a regional plan of action to combat trafficking; however, a government policy or pattern of forced labor existed; the government continued to subject its nationals to forced labor in its compulsory national service and citizen militia by forcing them to serve indefinitely or for arbitrary periods; authorities did not report any trafficking investigations, prosecutions, or convictions, including complicit government employees, nor did they report identifying victims and referring them to care; the government has no action plan to combat human trafficking (2020)" + "text": "Tier 3 — Eritrea does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; a government policy or pattern of human trafficking existed; the government continued to exploit its nationals in forced labor in its compulsory national service and citizen militia by forcing them to serve indefinitely or for arbitrary periods; the government did not demonstrate any efforts to address human trafficking (2022)" }, "trafficking profile": { - "text": "human traffickers export domestic victims in Eritrea or abroad; National Service is mandatory at age 18 and may take a variety of forms, including military service and physical labor but also government office jobs and teaching; Eritreans who flee the country, usually with the aim of reaching Europe, seek the help of paid smugglers and are vulnerable to trafficking when they cross the border clandestinely into Sudan, Ethiopia, and to a lesser extent Djibouti; Eritreans are subject to forced labor and sex trafficking mainly in Sudan, Ethiopia, and Libya" + "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic victims in Eritrea and abroad; National Service is mandatory at age 18 and may take a variety of forms, including military service and physical labor but also government office jobs and teaching; the 18-month limit on compulsory national service was suspended since the 1998-2000 Eritrean-Ethiopian border conflict, blocking the demobilization of most individuals who are forced to serve indefinitely under threats of detention, torture, or familial reprisal; Eritreans who flee the country, usually with the aim of reaching Europe, seek the help of paid smugglers and are vulnerable to trafficking when they cross the border clandestinely into Sudan and Ethiopia; Eritreans are subject to forced labor and sex trafficking mainly in Sudan, Ethiopia, and Libya (2022)" } } } diff --git a/africa/et.json b/africa/et.json index e9e67a84..76084fe8 100644 --- a/africa/et.json +++ b/africa/et.json @@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ambassador Tracey Ann JACOBSON (since 25 February 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Ambassador Tracey Ann JACOBSON (since 25 February 2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Entoto Street, P.O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa" diff --git a/africa/gb.json b/africa/gb.json index e0c25d95..a3f3ae88 100644 --- a/africa/gb.json +++ b/africa/gb.json @@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Samuel R. WATSON; note - also accredited to Sao Tome and Principe" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Samuel R. WATSON; note - also accredited to Sao Tome and Principe" }, "embassy": { "text": "Sabliere, B.P. 4000, Libreville" diff --git a/africa/gh.json b/africa/gh.json index 1898a9ea..0e596e4a 100644 --- a/africa/gh.json +++ b/africa/gh.json @@ -1282,7 +1282,7 @@ "note": "note: since sending a contingent of troops to the Congo in 1960, the military has been a regular contributor to African- and UN-sponsored peacekeeping missions" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Ghanaian military’s primary missions are external/border defense, assisting with internal security, and protecting the country’s territorial waters, particularly its offshore oil and gas infrastructure; it has benefited from cooperation with foreign partners, such as the UK and the US, and experience gained from participation in multiple international peacekeeping missions; the government in recent years has committed to an increase in funding for equipment acquisitions, including armored vehicles and special forces capabilities for the Army, light attack aircraft for the Air Force, and more modern coastal patrol vessels for the Navy

in 2022, Ghana began beefing up its military presence in the north of the country against threats from the terrorist organization Jama’at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM), a coalition of al-Qa'ida-linked militant groups which has conducted attacks in the neighboring countries of Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, and Togo; Ghana’s northern frontier with Burkina Faso is also an area with well-established smuggling routes, porous borders, and illegal gold mining; Ghana has pushed an initiative to bolster security cooperation and intelligence sharing among Gulf of Guinea neighbors and Sahel countries

the military traces its origins to the Gold Coast Constabulary that was established in 1879 and renamed the Gold Coast Regiment in 1901; the Gold Coast Regiment was part of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Gold Coast (Ghana), Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81st and 82nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; following independence in 1957, the Gold Coast Regiment formed the basis for the new Ghanaian Army (2023)" + "text": "the military’s primary missions are border defense, assisting with internal security, peacekeeping, and protecting the country’s territorial waters, particularly its offshore oil and gas infrastructure; it has benefited from cooperation with foreign partners, such as the UK and the US, and experience gained from participation in multiple international peacekeeping missions; the government in recent years has committed to an increase in funding for equipment acquisitions, including armor, mechanized, and special forces capabilities for the Army, light attack aircraft for the Air Force, and more modern coastal patrol vessels for the Navy; the Army’s primary combat forces include several battalions of light infantry, a motorized rapid reaction/presidential guard battalion, and small regiments of light armored reconnaissance and special forces; the Navy has 2 ocean-going patrol vessels, several coastal patrol craft, and a special forces unit, while the Air Force operates a few ground attack aircraft and multipurpose helicopters
 
in 2022, Ghana began beefing up its military presence in the north of the country against threats from the terrorist organization Jama’at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM), a coalition of al-Qa'ida linked militant groups, which has conducted attacks in the neighboring countries of Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, and Togo; Ghana’s northern frontier with Burkina Faso is also an area with well-established smuggling routes, porous borders, and illegal gold mining; Ghana has also pushed an initiative to bolster security cooperation and intelligence sharing among Gulf of Guinea neighbors and Sahel countries 

the military traces its origins to the Gold Coast Constabulary that was established in 1879 and renamed the Gold Coast Regiment in 1901; the Gold Coast Regiment was part of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Gold Coast (Ghana), Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81st and 82nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; following independence in 1957, the Gold Coast Regiment formed the basis for the new Ghanaian Army (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "

the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea\"

" diff --git a/africa/gv.json b/africa/gv.json index 55bddff7..c426bfd8 100644 --- a/africa/gv.json +++ b/africa/gv.json @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d’Affaires Oumou Thiam HANN, Minister Counselor (since 23 February 2022)

 

" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Oumou Thiam HANN, Minister Counselor (since 23 February 2022)

 

" }, "chancery": { "text": "2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008" @@ -1265,10 +1265,10 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Guinea does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however it is making significant efforts to do so; the government  drafted a new anti-trafficking action plan, provided support to eight victims exploited in the Middle East, and incorporated anti-trafficking training into the law enforcement curriculum; however, the government did not overall increase efforts compared to the last rating period; investigations and prosecutions of trafficking crimes decreased, victim identification was inadequate, and NGO’s providing victim services did not receive government support; for the fourth year, resources for the anti-trafficking committee or the Office for the Protection of Gender, Children and Morals were inadequate; a Quranic teacher was not prosecuted for allegedly forcing child begging; Guinea was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (2020)" + "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Guinea does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; the government initiated more investigations, identified and referred more victims to services, and issued an emergency anti-trafficking national action plan (NAP) to supplement the 2020-2022 NAP; officials established a hotline and allocated resources to the anti-trafficking committee; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increased efforts compared to the last year; substantial personnel turnover related to the September 2021 coup d’état hindered anti-trafficking efforts; no data was provided on prosecution of trafficking cases, and while more traffickers were convicted than previously, their sentences did not serve to deter the crime; fines in lieu of imprisonment for sex trafficking remain in the penal code; shelter services for victims remained insufficient, and NGO’s providing victim services did not receive government support; Quranic teachers have not been prosecuted for allegedly forcing child begging; Guinea was granted a waiver per the TVPA from an otherwise required downgraded to Tier 3, therefore Guinea remained on the Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year (2022)" }, "trafficking profile": { - "text": "Guinea is a source, transit, and, to a lesser extent, a destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; the majority of trafficking victims are Guinean children; Guinean girls are subjected to domestic servitude and commercial sexual exploitation, while boys are forced to beg, work as street vendors, shoe shiners, or miners; some Guinean children are forced to mine in Senegal, Mali, and possibly other West African countries; Guinean women and girls are subjected to domestic servitude and sex trafficking in Nigeria, Cote d’Ivoire, Benin, Senegal, Greece, and Spain, while Chinese and Vietnamese women are reportedly forced into prostitution in Guinea" + "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Guinea and Guineans abroad; Guinea is a source, transit, and, to a lesser extent, a destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; vulnerable populations include adults and children working in the informal labor sector, homeless and orphaned children, artisanal miners, children and adults with albinism, and the mentally ill; Guinean women and girls are subjected to domestic servitude and commercial sexual exploitation, while boys are forced to beg, work as street vendors and shoe shiners, or work in mining, herding, fishing, and agriculture; North Koreans working in mining, construction, fishing, and health sectors and Cuban medical professionals working in Guinea may have been forced to work by their respective governments, while Chinese women are reportedly forced into prostitution in Guinea; Guinean women and girls have been exploited in domestic service and sex trafficking in West Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and the United States (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/africa/iv.json b/africa/iv.json index e1360a18..54d4dfe7 100644 --- a/africa/iv.json +++ b/africa/iv.json @@ -520,13 +520,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "320 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "340 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "242 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "240 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "600 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "600 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { diff --git a/africa/ke.json b/africa/ke.json index e8bfec41..bbbf01e8 100644 --- a/africa/ke.json +++ b/africa/ke.json @@ -1300,7 +1300,7 @@ "note": "note: in November 2022, Kenya sent approximately 900 troops to the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as part of a newly formed East Africa Community Regional Force (EACRF) to assist the DRC military against the rebel group M23; the force is led by Kenya" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the KDF is considered to be an experienced, effective, and professional force; it has conducted operations in neighboring Somalia since 2011 and taken part in numerous regional peacekeeping and security missions; it is a leading member of the Africa Standby Force; the KDF trains regularly, participates in multinational exercises, and has ties to a variety of foreign militaries, including those of France, the UK, and the US; its chief security concerns and missions include protecting the country’s sovereignty and territory, regional disputes, the threat posed by the al-Shabaab terrorist group based in neighboring Somalia, maritime crime and piracy, and assisting civil authorities in responding to emergency, disaster, or political unrest as requested 

the Army has 5 combat brigades, including 3 infantry, an armored, and an artillery brigade; it also has a helicopter-equipped air cavalry battalion and a special operations regiment comprised of airborne, special forces, and ranger battalions; the Navy has several offshore patrol vessels, large coastal patrol boats, and missile-armed craft; the Air Force has a small inventory of older US-origin fighter aircraft and a considerable number of combat and transport helicopters

Kenyan military forces intervened in Somalia in October 2011 to combat the al Qaida-affiliated al-Shabaab terrorist group, which had conducted numerous cross-border attacks into Kenya; in November 2011, the UN and the African Union invited Kenya to incorporate its forces into the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM); Kenyan forces were formally integrated into AMISOM in February 2012; they consist of approximately 3,600 troops and are responsible for AMISOM’s Sector 2 comprising Lower and Middle Jubba (see Appendix T for additional details on al-Shabaab; note - as of May 2022, AMISOM was renamed the AU Transition Mission in Somalia or ATMIS)

the Kenya Military Forces were created following independence in 1963; the current KDF was established and its composition laid out in the 2010 constitution; it is governed by the Kenya Defense Forces Act of 2012; the Army traces its origins back to the Kings African Rifles (KAR), a British colonial regiment raised from Britain's East Africa possessions from 1902 until independence in the 1960s; the KAR conducted both military and internal security functions within the colonial territories, and served outside the territories during the World Wars (2023)" + "text": "the KDF is considered to be an experienced, effective, and professional force; it has conducted operations in neighboring Somalia since 2011 and taken part in numerous regional peacekeeping and security missions; it is a leading member of the Africa Standby Force; the KDF trains regularly, participates in multinational exercises, and has ties to a variety of foreign militaries, including those of France, the UK, and the US; its chief security concerns and missions include protecting the country’s sovereignty and territory, regional disputes, the threat posed by the al-Shabaab terrorist group based in neighboring Somalia, maritime crime and piracy, and assisting civil authorities in responding to emergency, disaster, or political unrest as requested 

the Army has 5 combat brigades, including 3 infantry, an armored, and an artillery brigade; it also has a helicopter-equipped air cavalry battalion and a special operations regiment comprised of airborne, special forces, and ranger battalions; the Navy has several offshore patrol vessels, large coastal patrol boats, and missile-armed craft; the Air Force has a small inventory of older US-origin fighter aircraft and more than 50 combat and transport helicopters

Kenyan military forces intervened in Somalia in October 2011 to combat the al Qaida-affiliated al-Shabaab terrorist group, which had conducted numerous cross-border attacks into Kenya; in November 2011, the UN and the African Union invited Kenya to incorporate its forces into the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM); Kenyan forces were formally integrated into AMISOM in February 2012; they consist of approximately 3,600 troops and are responsible for AMISOM’s Sector 2 comprising Lower and Middle Jubba (see Appendix T for additional details on al-Shabaab; note - as of May 2022, AMISOM was renamed the AU Transition Mission in Somalia or ATMIS)

the Kenya Military Forces were created following independence in 1963; the current KDF was established and its composition laid out in the 2010 constitution; it is governed by the Kenya Defense Forces Act of 2012; the Army traces its origins back to the Kings African Rifles (KAR), a British colonial regiment raised from Britain's East Africa possessions from 1902 until independence in the 1960s; the KAR conducted both military and internal security functions within the colonial territories, and served outside the territories during the World Wars (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports that shipping in territorial and offshore waters in the Indian Ocean remain at risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships" diff --git a/africa/ly.json b/africa/ly.json index 0d943014..48bf2aec 100644 --- a/africa/ly.json +++ b/africa/ly.json @@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Khaled DAIEF (since 27 August 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Khaled DAIEF (since 27 August 2021)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1460 Dahlia Street NW, Washington, DC 20012" diff --git a/africa/ma.json b/africa/ma.json index 84306b20..5ce552ec 100644 --- a/africa/ma.json +++ b/africa/ma.json @@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Amielle Pelenne NIRINIAVISOA MARCEDA (since 31 October 2019)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Amielle Pelenne NIRINIAVISOA MARCEDA (since 31 October 2019)" }, "chancery": { "text": "2374 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" diff --git a/africa/mo.json b/africa/mo.json index 6dd43516..d52988e5 100644 --- a/africa/mo.json +++ b/africa/mo.json @@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Lawrence M. RANDOLPH (since 4 January 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Lawrence M. RANDOLPH (since 4 January 2021)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Km 5.7 Avenue Mohammed VI, Souissi, Rabat 10170" diff --git a/africa/mp.json b/africa/mp.json index f11b1861..eb3b2a95 100644 --- a/africa/mp.json +++ b/africa/mp.json @@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Judes E. DEBAERE (since June 2019); note - also accredited to Seychelles" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Judes E. DEBAERE (since June 2019); note - also accredited to Seychelles" }, "embassy": { "text": "4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Avenue, Port Louis" diff --git a/africa/ni.json b/africa/ni.json index c4d6fe94..e71be86e 100644 --- a/africa/ni.json +++ b/africa/ni.json @@ -616,10 +616,10 @@ "text": "Federal Executive Council appointed by the president but constrained constitutionally to include at least one member from each of the 36 states" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by qualified majority popular vote and at least 25% of the votes cast in 24 of Nigeria's 36 states; president elected for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 February 2019 (next to be held on 25 February 2023)" + "text": "president directly elected by qualified majority popular vote and at least 25% of the votes cast in 24 of Nigeria's 36 states; president elected for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 25 February 2023 (next to be held on 25 February 2027)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Muhammadu BUHARI elected president; percent of vote - Muhammadu BUHARI (APC) 53%, Atiku ABUBAKAR (PDP) 39%, other 8% (2019)" + "text": "2023: Bola TINUBU elected president; percent of vote - Bola TINUBU (APC) 36%, Atiku ABUBAKAR (PDP) 29%, Peter OBI (LP) 25%, Rabiu KWANKWASO (NNPP) 6% (2019)" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -627,10 +627,10 @@ "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:
Senate (109 seats - 3 each for the 36 states and 1 for Abuja-Federal Capital Territory; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)
House of Representatives (360 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held on 23 February 2019 (next to be held on 25 February 2023)
House of Representatives - last held on 23 February 2019 (next to be held on 25 February 2023)" + "text": "Senate - last held on 25 February 2023 (next to be held on 25 February 2027)
House of Representatives - last held on 25 February 20239 (next to be held on 25 February 2027)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 65, PDP 39, YPP 1, TBD 3; composition - men 101, women 8, percent of women 7.3%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 217, PDP 115, other 20, TBD 8; composition - men 347, women 13, percent of women 3.6%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 4.5%" + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 64, PDP 39, YPP 1, APGA 1, NNPP 1; composition - men 101, women 8, percent of women 7.3%
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 209, PDP 126, NNPP 8, APGA 5, SDP 5, LP 3, ADC 1, PRP 1, Accord 1; composition - men 347, women 13, percent of women 3.6%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 4.5%" } }, "Judicial branch": { diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index c53f84ab..ac0feac6 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires William FLENS (since 4 June 2022)
" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires William FLENS (since 4 June 2022)
" }, "embassy": { "text": "Kololo Road adjacent to the EU's compound, Juba" diff --git a/africa/pu.json b/africa/pu.json index ed88d961..1ee621f5 100644 --- a/africa/pu.json +++ b/africa/pu.json @@ -1182,10 +1182,10 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Guinea-Bissau does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; efforts include identifying forced child begging victims, cooperating with Moroccan authorities on international crime investigations, and approving a new action plan; yet, the government has not convicted a trafficker, identified fewer trafficking victims, and lacked resources or the political will to fight trafficking or to enact its action plan, which would meet minimum standards; Guinea-Bissau was granted a waiver under the Trafficking Victims Protection Act from downgrade to Tier 3 (2020)" + "text": "Tier 3 — Guinea-Bissau does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so, therefore Guinea-Bissau remained on Tier 3; despite the lack of efforts, the government took some steps to address trafficking, including investigating cases, identifying potential victims, launching a national referral mechanism, and convening its anti-trafficking committee; however, Guinea-Bissau has never convicted a trafficker and failed to prosecute alleged traffickers for the third consecutive year; the government continued to lack adequate victim identification and services, and has lacked sufficient resources and political will to comprehensively combat trafficking (2022)" }, "trafficking profile": { - "text": "Guinea-Bissau is a country of origin and destination for children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; the scope of the problem of trafficking women or men for forced labor or forced prostitution is unknown; boys reportedly were transported to southern Senegal for forced manual and agricultural labor; girls may be subjected to forced domestic service and child prostitution in Senegal and Guinea; both boys and girls are forced to work as street vendors in cities in Guinea-Bissau and Senegal" + "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Guinea-Bissau and Bissau-Guineans abroad; forced child begging is the most prevalent form of trafficking; boys reportedly were transported to southern Senegal for forced manual and agricultural labor; girls may be subjected to forced domestic service and child prostitution in Guinea, Senegal and the Gambia; women are recruited and exploited in domestic servitude abroad; girls, and to a lesser extent boys, are exploited in child sex tourism in the Bijagos, an archipelago off the coast of Guinea-Bissau that is largely devoid of government and law enforcement presence; Cuban nationals in Guinea-Bissau may have been forced to work by the Cuban government (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/africa/rw.json b/africa/rw.json index 0fe9b72c..dcd26fd3 100644 --- a/africa/rw.json +++ b/africa/rw.json @@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Deb MacLEAN (since February 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Deb MacLEAN (since February 2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "2657 Avenue de la Gendarmerie (Kaciyiru), P. O. Box 28 Kigali" diff --git a/africa/sf.json b/africa/sf.json index 69159cd7..059eaaba 100644 --- a/africa/sf.json +++ b/africa/sf.json @@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Matamela Cyril RAMAPHOSA (since 15 February 2018); Deputy President David MABUZA (26 February 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; note- Jacob ZUMA resigned on 14 February 2018" + "text": "President Matamela Cyril RAMAPHOSA (since 15 February 2018); Deputy President VACANT; note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; note - Deputy President David MABUZA resigned 1 March 2023" }, "head of government": { "text": "President Matamela Cyril RAMAPHOSA (since 15 February 2018); deputy president David MABUZA (26 February 2018" @@ -1303,7 +1303,7 @@ "text": "1,150 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); up to 1,500 Mozambique (part of a Southern African Development Community force to help quell an insurgency) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the SANDF was created in 1994 to replace the South African Defense Force (SADF); the SANDF was opened to all South Africans who met military requirements, while the SADF was a mostly white force (only whites were subject to conscription) with non-whites only allowed to join in a voluntary capacity; the SANDF also absorbed members of the guerrilla and militia forces of the various anti-apartheid opposition groups, including the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress, and the Inkatha Freedom Party, as well as the security forces of the formerly independent Bantustan homelands; the SANDF is one of Africa’s most capable militaries; over the past decade, however, its operational readiness and modernization programs have been hampered by funding shortfalls; it participates regularly in African and UN peacekeeping missions and has the ability to independently deploy throughout Africa (2023)" + "text": "the SANDF was created in 1994 to replace the South African Defense Force (SADF); the SANDF was opened to all South Africans who met military requirements, while the SADF was a mostly white force (only whites were subject to conscription) with non-whites only allowed to join in a voluntary capacity; the SANDF also absorbed members of the guerrilla and militia forces of the various anti-apartheid opposition groups, including the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress, and the Inkatha Freedom Party, as well as the security forces of the formerly independent Bantustan homelands; the SANDF is one of Africa’s most capable militaries; over the past decade, however, its operational readiness and modernization programs have been hampered by funding shortfalls; it participates regularly in African and UN peacekeeping missions (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/so.json b/africa/so.json index 2d82b062..29e68589 100644 --- a/africa/so.json +++ b/africa/so.json @@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@ "note": "note 1: in January 2023, the Somali Government said the SNA would have 24,000 trained and equipped troops by 2024

note 2: as of 2022, there were estimates of up to 50,000 militia forces operating in the country" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the SNA is lightly armed with an inventory that includes a variety of older, secondhand equipment largely from Italy, Russia, South Africa, and the UK; in recent years, it has received small quantities of equipment as aid/donations from a variety of countries, including the US (2022)", + "text": "the SNA is lightly armed with an inventory that includes a variety of older, secondhand equipment largely from Italy, Russia, South Africa, and the UK; in recent years, it has received small quantities of equipment as aid/donations from a variety of countries, including the US (2023)", "note": "note: in 2022, the UN voted to maintain an arms embargo on Somali in place since 1992; however, the embargo was modified to reflect the Somali Government’s progress in improving its management of weapons and ammunition; it includes allowing Somalia to import portable surface-to-air missiles, higher-caliber mortars, anti-tank guided weapons, some aircraft and vessels designed or modified for military use, and combat drones for use by its security forces and police — unless the Security Council committee monitoring sanctions objects within five working days of receiving notification from the Somali Government" }, "Military service age and obligation": { diff --git a/africa/su.json b/africa/su.json index 731bf834..b4abed8b 100644 --- a/africa/su.json +++ b/africa/su.json @@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Lucy TAMLYN  (since 3 February  2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Lucy TAMLYN  (since 3 February  2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "P.O. Box 699, Kilo 10, Soba, Khartoum" diff --git a/africa/ts.json b/africa/ts.json index a9e55c46..e14ec7cf 100644 --- a/africa/ts.json +++ b/africa/ts.json @@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Natasha FRANCESCHI (since April 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Natasha FRANCESCHI (since April 2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Les Berges du Lac, 1053 Tunis" diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index f9230a53..23d796dd 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Santa Mary Laker KINYERA (since 20 May 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Santa Mary Laker KINYERA (since 20 May 2022)" }, "chancery": { "text": "5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011" diff --git a/africa/uv.json b/africa/uv.json index 5466fb29..32116f05 100644 --- a/africa/uv.json +++ b/africa/uv.json @@ -501,13 +501,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "375.6 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "380 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "21.7 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "20 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "420.7 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "420 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { @@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Charge d'Affaires Hermann Yirigouin TOE (since 27 September 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Hermann Yirigouin TOE (since 27 September 2022)" }, "chancery": { "text": "2340 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" diff --git a/africa/wa.json b/africa/wa.json index d5d6e1a7..51f816e4 100644 --- a/africa/wa.json +++ b/africa/wa.json @@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jessica LONG (since 2 July 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Jessica LONG (since 2 July 2021)" }, "embassy": { "text": "14 Lossen Street, Windhoek" diff --git a/africa/zi.json b/africa/zi.json index e82de5a3..a7c63795 100644 --- a/africa/zi.json +++ b/africa/zi.json @@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Thomas R. HASTINGS (since August 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Thomas R. HASTINGS (since August 2021)" }, "embassy": { "text": "2 Lorraine Drive, Bluffhill, Harare" diff --git a/australia-oceania/as.json b/australia-oceania/as.json index 4f2ca17a..26639759 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/as.json +++ b/australia-oceania/as.json @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ } }, "Natural resources": { - "text": "alumina, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, gold, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, rare earth elements, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, opals, natural gas, petroleum; note - Australia is the world's largest net exporter of coal accounting for 29% of global coal exports; as well, Australia is by far the world's largest supplier of opals" + "text": "alumina, coal, iron ore, copper, lithium, tin, gold, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, rare earth elements, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, opals, natural gas, petroleum; note - Australia is the world's largest net exporter of coal accounting for 26.5% of global coal exports in 2021; as well, Australia is by far the world's largest supplier of opals" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { @@ -483,13 +483,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "3.392 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.51 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "2.662 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.73 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "10.5 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "8.74 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { @@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@ "text": "note: since the 1990s, Australia has deployed more than 30,000 personnel on nearly 100 UN peacekeeping and coalition military operations, including in Cambodia, Rwanda, the Solomon Islands, Somalia, and East Timor" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Australia has been part of the Australia, New Zealand, and US Security (ANZUS) Treaty since 1951; Australia is also a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarily 

Australia has a long-standing military relationship with the US; Australian and US forces first fought together in France in 1918 at the Battle of Hamel, and have fought together in every major US conflict since; Australia and the US signed an agreement in 2014 that allowed for closer bi-lateral defense and security cooperation, including annual rotations of US Marines and enhanced rotations of US Air Force aircraft to Australia; Australian military forces train often with US forces; Australia has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation 

Australia also has long-standing defense and security ties to the UK, including a Defense and Security Cooperation Treaty signed in 2013; in 2020, Australia and the UK signed a memorandum of understanding to cooperate on the building of a next generation of frigates for their respective navies; the Australia-UK Ministerial Consultations (AUKMIN) is their premier bilateral forum on foreign policy, defense, and security issues 

in 2021, Australia, the UK, and the US announced an enhanced trilateral security partnership called “AUKUS” which would build on existing bilateral ties, including deeper integration of defense and security-related science, technology, industrial bases, and supply chains, as well as deeper cooperation on a range of defense and security capabilities; the first initiative under AUKUS was a commitment to support Australia in acquiring conventionally armed nuclear-powered submarines for the Royal Australian Navy (2022)" + "text": "Australia has been part of the Australia, New Zealand, and US Security (ANZUS) Treaty since 1951; Australia is also a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarily 

Australia has a long-standing military relationship with the US; Australian and US forces first fought together in France in 1918 at the Battle of Hamel, and have fought together in every major US conflict since; Australia and the US signed an agreement in 2014 that allowed for closer bi-lateral defense and security cooperation, including annual rotations of US Marines and enhanced rotations of US Air Force aircraft to Australia; Australian military forces train often with US forces; Australia has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation 

Australia also has long-standing defense and security ties to the UK, including a Defense and Security Cooperation Treaty signed in 2013; in 2020, Australia and the UK signed a memorandum of understanding to cooperate on the building of a next generation of frigates for their respective navies; the Australia-UK Ministerial Consultations (AUKMIN) is their premier bilateral forum on foreign policy, defense, and security issues 

in 2021, Australia, the UK, and the US announced an enhanced trilateral security partnership called “AUKUS” which would build on existing bilateral ties, including deeper integration of defense and security-related science, technology, industrial bases, and supply chains, as well as deeper cooperation on a range of defense and security capabilities; the first initiative under AUKUS was a commitment to support Australia in acquiring conventionally armed nuclear-powered submarines for the Royal Australian Navy (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/fj.json b/australia-oceania/fj.json index 9ccf77af..da7c7ae8 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fj.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fj.json @@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Akuila VUIRA" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Akuila VUIRA" }, "chancery": { "text": "1707 L Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20036" @@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Tony GREUBEL (since 20 January 2021); note - also accredited to Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Tony GREUBEL (since 20 January 2021); note - also accredited to Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu" }, "embassy": { "text": "158 Princes Road, Tamavua, Suva" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json index 4b26ed82..1cb16641 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json @@ -423,13 +423,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "20 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "20 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "6.2 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "1 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "54.8 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "5 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json index 8bf34978..7ade1e26 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json @@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "31 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "30 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json index ae900789..f88efdde 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json @@ -451,13 +451,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "11.4 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "10 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "21.2 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "20 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "68.4 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "70 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { @@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d’Affaires Leyla MOSES-ONES (since August 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Leyla MOSES-ONES (since August 2021)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Floral Park Road, Belmopan, Cayo" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json index a0cdc5f6..fef0f5ac 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json @@ -482,13 +482,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "652 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "240 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "240 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "220 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "2.302 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.96 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { @@ -1248,7 +1248,7 @@ "text": "12,500 Public Force personnel; approximately 500-600 Air, 500-600 Coast Guard, and 300-400 Border Police personnel (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Public Force is lightly armed with an inventory that includes mostly second-hand US equipment (2022)" + "text": "the Public Force is lightly armed with an inventory that includes mostly secondhand US equipment (2023)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Costa Rica relies on specialized paramilitary units within the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) for internal security missions and countering transnational threats such as narcotics smuggling and organized crime, as well as for participating in regional security operations and exercises; MPS forces have received advisory and training support from both Colombia and the US; since 2012, the US has also provided some military equipment, including aircraft and patrol boats (2022)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json index 50f45fc2..21c00fc3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json @@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Lianys TORRES RIVERA (since 14 January 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Lianys TORRES RIVERA (since 14 January 2021)" }, "chancery": { "text": "2630 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009" @@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Timothy ZUNIGA-BROWN (since 31 July 2020)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Timothy ZUNIGA-BROWN (since 31 July 2020)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Calzada between L & M Streets, Vedado, Havana" @@ -1250,10 +1250,10 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "

Tier 3 — Cuba does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government made some efforts to investigate, prosecute, and convict sex traffickers and sex tourists and identified and provided assistance to some victims; however, no efforts were made to address forced labor; there was a government policy or pattern to profit from labor export programs with strong indications of forced labor, particularly in foreign medical missions; authorities did not protect potential trafficking victims, leaving them at risk of being detained or charged for crimes their traffickers forced them to commit (2020)

" + "text": "

Tier 3 — Cuba does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government made some efforts to investigate, prosecute, and convict sex traffickers, and identify victims; however, there was a government policy or pattern to profit from labor export programs with strong indications of forced labor, particularly in its foreign medical missions program; the government continued to deploy Cuban workers to foreign countries using deceptive and coercive tactics, and failed to address an increasing number of allegations from credible NGOs and foreign governments of labor violations and trafficking, and of Cuban officials’ involvement in abuses; Cuban law did not explicitly prohibit labor trafficking as defined in international law (2022)

" }, "trafficking profile": { - "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Cuba and Cubans abroad; individuals are forced or coerced into participating and threatened to stay in labor export programs, most notably foreign medical missions; sex trafficking and sex tourism occur within Cuba; traffickers exploit Cubans in sex trafficking and forced labor in South America, the Caribbean, Asia, Africa, the Mediterranean, and the US; foreigners from Africa and Asia are subject to sex trafficking and forced labor in Cuba to pay off travel debts; the government uses high school students in some rural areas to harvest crops without pay, claiming that the work is voluntary" + "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Cuba and Cubans abroad; individuals are forced or coerced into participating and threatened to stay in labor export programs, most notably foreign medical missions; sex trafficking and sex tourism, including child victims, occur within Cuba; traffickers exploit Cubans in sex trafficking and forced labor in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, the Mediterranean, Latin America, and the United States; foreigners from Africa and Asia are subject to sex trafficking and forced labor in Cuba to pay off travel debts; officials identified children, young women, elderly, and disabled persons as the most vulnerable to trafficking; the government uses high school students in some rural areas to harvest crops without pay, claiming that the work is voluntary (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json index 6ba1fa43..48891c34 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json @@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Judith-Anne ROLLE (since 16 December 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Judith-Anne ROLLE (since 16 December 2021)" }, "chancery": { "text": "3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json index 481d18b2..71a3bb41 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json @@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Robert W. THOMAS (since 20 January 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Robert W. THOMAS (since 20 January 2021)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Av. Republica de Colombia #57, Santo Domingo" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json index 7c0a3f92..4a274d3f 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json @@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Patrick H. VENTRELL" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Patrick H. VENTRELL" }, "embassy": { "text": "Final Boulevard Santa Elena, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json index ba4bf232..861bd540 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json @@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant), Charge d'Affaires Stewart TUTTLE (since August 2020)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant), Chargé d'Affaires Stewart TUTTLE (since August 2020)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Building 783, Demetrio Basilio Lakas Avenue, Clayton" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json index 86360c00..cacebf86 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json @@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d’Affaires Shanelle Natasha SIMMONDS (since 26 August 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Shanelle Natasha SIMMONDS (since 26 August 2022)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1203 19th St. NW, 5th Floor, Washington, DC 20036" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json index d74333ce..d0762ab3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json @@ -829,10 +829,10 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Curacao does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but it is making significant efforts to do so; the government prosecuted and convicted more traffickers than in the previous reporting period; however, authorities identified fewer victims, and assistance to victims was contingent upon their cooperation with law enforcement in prosecuting traffickers; victims who were in the country illegally, including Venezuelans, were at risk of deportation if they did not participate in trials against their traffickers; the government did not operate centers for trafficking victims but provided some funding to NGOs and international organizations to care for victims (2020)" + "text": "Tier 3 — Curacao does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so, therefore Curacao was downgraded to Tier 3; the government took some steps to address trafficking, including providing pre-trial support to three victims participating in legal proceedings against traffickers, awarding restitution to two victims, and extending the national action plan that expired in December 2021; however, authorities did not convict any traffickers or identify any victims, and continued to condition assistance to foreign victims on their cooperation with law enforcement in cases against traffickers; officials conflated trafficking with migrant smuggling, and the lack of funding remained a primary obstacle to anti-trafficking efforts; limited judiciary familiarity with trafficking contributed to frequent acquittals in trafficking cases (2022)" }, "trafficking profile": { - "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Curacao; undocumented migrants, including the growing population of Venezuelans, are vulnerable to sex and labor trafficking; Curacaoan and foreign women and girls, mostly Dominican and Venezuelan, are exploited in sex trafficking; migrants from other Caribbean countries, South America, China, and India are subject to forced labor in construction, domestic servitude, landscaping, minimarkets, retail, and restaurants" + "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Curacao; undocumented migrants, especially the substantial population of Venezuelans, are vulnerable to sex and labor trafficking; traffickers exploit women and girls, particularly from Curacao, Dominican Republic, and Venezuela, in sex trafficking; migrants from other Caribbean countries, South America, China, and India are subject to forced labor in construction, domestic servitude, landscaping, minimarkets, retail, and restaurants (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/central-asia/rs.json b/central-asia/rs.json index 0099773a..4c9e07a9 100644 --- a/central-asia/rs.json +++ b/central-asia/rs.json @@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Elizabeth ROOD (since 5 September 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Elizabeth ROOD (since 5 September 2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "55,75566° N, 37,58028° E" diff --git a/central-asia/ti.json b/central-asia/ti.json index 7b72b9be..c529591e 100644 --- a/central-asia/ti.json +++ b/central-asia/ti.json @@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service for men; women may volunteer; 24-month conscript service obligation; in August 2021, the Tajik Government began allowing men to pay a fee in order to avoid conscription (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Tajikistan has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and contributes troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force (2022)" + "text": "Tajikistan has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and contributes troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/central-asia/tx.json b/central-asia/tx.json index 9bac335e..13b23e47 100644 --- a/central-asia/tx.json +++ b/central-asia/tx.json @@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Armed Forces of Turkmenistan: Land Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces; Federal Border Guard Service; Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Troops, national police (2022)" + "text": "Armed Forces of Turkmenistan (aka Turkmen National Army): Land Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces; Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Troops, national police, Federal/State Border Guard Service (2022)" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2019": { @@ -1213,7 +1213,7 @@ "text": "the inventory for Turkmenistan's military is comprised largely of older Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems; in recent years however, it has attempted to diversify and purchased equipment from more than a dozen countries, with Turkey as the top supplier (2022)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-30 years of age for compulsory male military service; 24-month conscript service obligation (30 months for the Navy); 20 years of age for voluntary service (including females); males may enroll in military schools from age 15 (2022)" + "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory male military service; 24-month conscript service obligation (30 months for the Navy); 20 years of age for voluntary service (including females); males may enroll in military schools from age 15 (2022)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "Turkmenistan has a policy of permanent neutrality and has declined to participate in post-Soviet military groupings such as the Collective Security Treaty Organization military alliance (CSTO) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO); however, in September 2020, it participated in a Russian-led multinational military exercise held in southern Russia’s Astrakhan region alongside the forces of more than a dozen other countries; Turkmenistan joined NATO's Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and officials from Turkmenistan participate in a range of courses provided by NATO and NATO member states, but it does not offer any armed forces units to NATO-led operations

in recent years, Turkmenistan has made efforts to improve its naval capabilities on the Caspian Sea, including expanding ship building capabilities and adding larger vessels to the Navy’s inventory; in 2018, it opened its first naval shipyard and in August 2021, the Navy commissioned its largest warship, a corvette that was jointly constructed with Turkey (2023)" diff --git a/central-asia/uz.json b/central-asia/uz.json index af956993..c50de322 100644 --- a/central-asia/uz.json +++ b/central-asia/uz.json @@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory military service; 12-month conscript service obligation for men (those conscripted have the option of paying for a shorter service of 1 month while remaining in the reserves until the age of 27); Uzbek citizens who have completed their service terms in the armed forces have privileges in employment and admission to higher educational institutions (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "

the Uzbek armed forces were established in January 1992, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, when the newly-established Ministry for Defense Affairs assumed jurisdiction over all former Soviet ground, air, and air defense units, formations, and installations then deployed on its soil; the building hosting the headquarters for the ex-Soviet Turkestan Military District became the headquarters for the Uzbek armed forces; all former Soviet troops departed Uzbekistan by 1995; as of 2022, Uzbekistan continued to maintain bilateral defense ties with Russia based on a 2005 mutual security agreement

as of 2022, Uzbekistan was not part of the Russian-sponsored Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) that is comprised of former Soviet Republics; Uzbekistan joined in the 1990s but withdrew in 1999; it returned in 2006 but left again in 2012

" + "text": "the Uzbek armed forces were established in January 1992, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, when the newly-established Ministry for Defense Affairs assumed jurisdiction over all former Soviet ground, air, and air defense units, formations, and installations then deployed on its soil; the building hosting the headquarters for the ex-Soviet Turkestan Military District became the headquarters for the Uzbek armed forces; all former Soviet troops departed Uzbekistan by 1995; Uzbekistan continues to maintain bilateral defense ties with Russia based on a 2005 mutual security agreement

Uzbekistan is not part of the Russian-sponsored Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) that is comprised of former Soviet Republics; Uzbekistan joined in the 1990s but withdrew in 1999; it returned in 2006 but left again in 2012 (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json index e433f7ba..c3805c39 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json @@ -511,13 +511,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "3.323 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.32 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "498.4 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "500 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "29.57 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "29.57 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { @@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires HTWE Hteik Tin Lwin (since 5 February 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires HTWE Hteik Tin Lwin (since 5 February 2022)" }, "chancery": { "text": "2300 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" @@ -1305,7 +1305,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "IDPs": { - "text": "671,011 (government offensives against armed ethnic minority groups near its borders with China and Thailand, natural disasters, forced land evictions) (2021)" + "text": "1.66 million (government offensives against armed ethnic minority groups near its borders with China and Thailand, natural disasters, forced land evictions) (2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "600,000 (2022); note - Rohingya Muslims, living predominantly in Rakhine State, are Burma's main group of stateless people; the Burmese Government does not recognize the Rohingya as a \"national race\" and stripped them of their citizenship under the 1982 Citizenship Law, categorizing them as \"non-nationals\" or \"foreign residents;\" under the Rakhine State Action Plan drafted in October 2014, the Rohingya must demonstrate their family has lived in Burma for at least 60 years to qualify for a lesser naturalized citizenship and the classification of Bengali or be put in detention camps and face deportation; native-born but non-indigenous people, such as Indians, are also stateless; the Burmese Government does not grant citizenship to children born outside of the country to Burmese parents who left the country illegally or fled persecution, such as those born in Thailand; the number of stateless persons has decreased dramatically because hundreds of thousands of Rohingya have fled to Bangladesh since 25 August 2017 to escape violence" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json index 44e68b42..e0f819e7 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json @@ -438,10 +438,10 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "151.5 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "150 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "5.3 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "1 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json index 24b653f5..cacf2d2e 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json @@ -485,13 +485,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "98 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "100 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "33 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "30 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "2.053 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.05 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json index 118a1dfe..e594f9f0 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json @@ -517,13 +517,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "79.4 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "79.4 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "133.5 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "133.5 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "385.2 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "385.2 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json index d43a3d35..2e134b60 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json @@ -1064,10 +1064,10 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 2 Watch List —  Hong Kong does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; Hong Kong is hiring and training 98 new employees within the immigration, customs, labor, and justice departments dedicated to trafficking issues; authorities screened more than 7,000 vulnerable individuals for trafficking; the labor department introduced a victim identification mechanism to its division offices; the government provided anti-trafficking training to various officials; the government did not investigate, prosecute, or convict any cases of labor trafficking, investigated fewer sex trafficking cases, and did not provide victims any government-funded services; the government continued to penalize victims for unlawful acts traffickers compelled them to commit; no legislation was enacted to fully criminalize all forms of trafficking (2020)" + "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Hong Kong does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; the government trained more officials, prosecuted more employers of foreign domestic workers for crimes including assault, and reported increased actions against illegal brothels and perpetrators who solicit child sex trafficking victims; however, officials did not demonstrate overall increased efforts in anti-trafficking capacity and did not prosecute or convict any traffickers; criminals convicted for sex trafficking crimes received inadequate penalties, and the government did not enact legislation to fully criminalize all forms of trafficking; fewer victims were identified, and ineffective implementation of victim identification continued to result in inadequate victim identification and penalizing victims for unlawful acts traffickers compelled them to commit; because the government has devoted sufficient resources to a written plan that, if implemented, would constitute significant efforts to meet the minimum standards, Hong Kong was granted a waiver per the TVPA from an otherwise required downgrade to Tier 3; therefore, Hong Kong remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year (2022)" }, "trafficking profile": { - "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Hong Kong, and traffickers also exploit victims from Hong Kong abroad; traffickers exploit women from Eastern Europe, Africa, and Southeast Asia in sex trafficking; some women in Hong Kong – often with the assistance of their families – deceive Indian and Pakistani men into arranged marriages involving forced domestic service, bonded labor in construction and other physically demanding industries, and other forms of abuse via exploitative contracts; drug trafficking syndicates coerced South American women to carry drugs into Hong Kong; employment agencies hired foreign domestic workers under false pretenses and forced them into commercial sex, sometimes through debt-based coercion" + "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Hong Kong, and traffickers exploit victims from Hong Kong abroad; victims include citizens from mainland China, Indonesia, Kenya, the Philippines, Thailand, Uganda, and other Southeast Asian countries, as well as countries in South Asia, Africa, and South America; foreign women, including from Eastern Europe, Africa, and Southeast Asia are exploited in sex trafficking; traffickers exploit migrant workers in shipping, construction, electronic recycling, nursing homes, and private homes; foreign women are coerced to carry drugs into Hong Kong; some women in Hong Kong–often with the assistance of their families–deceive Indian and Pakistani men into arranged marriages involving forced domestic service, bonded labor in construction, and other physically demanding industries; traffickers recruit victims from the Philippines, South America, and mainland China under false pretenses and forced them into commercial sex (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json index b05e2cd9..8f3e548d 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json @@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Fairuz Adli Mohd ROZALI (since 28 August 2021)" + "text": "ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Fairuz Adli Mohd ROZALI (since 28 August 2021)" }, "chancery": { "text": "3516 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json index 438760a6..83da4389 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json @@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d’Affaires Cephas KAYO, Minister (since 31 January 2018)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Cephas KAYO, Minister (since 31 January 2018)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1825 K Street NW, Suite 1010, Washington, DC 20006" @@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Joe ZADROZNY (since 14 April 2022); note - also accredited to the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Joe ZADROZNY (since 14 April 2022); note - also accredited to the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu" }, "embassy": { "text": "P.O. Box 1492, Port Moresby" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json index b7380a26..664b0e89 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json @@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant), Charge d'Affaires Thomas DALEY (since August 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant), Chargé d'Affaires Thomas DALEY (since August 2021)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Avenida de Portugal, Praia dos Coqueiros, Dili" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json index f57dab2c..89cc8c00 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json @@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Interim President Vo Thi Anh XUAN (President Nguyen Xuan PHUC resigned on 17 January 2023)" + "text": "President Vo Van THUONG (since March 2023)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Pham Minh CHINH (since 26 July 2021)" diff --git a/europe/al.json b/europe/al.json index 5a34655d..b4ce3daa 100644 --- a/europe/al.json +++ b/europe/al.json @@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "1,948 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 42,608 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-January 2023)" + "note": "note: 42,822 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-February 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

active transshipment point for Albanian narco-trafficking organizations moving illicit drugs such as cocaine and heroin from Turkey and countries in South America and Asia throughout Europe; significant source country for cannabis production

" diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index 99e6c111..aaf1f056 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -462,13 +462,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "720 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "720 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "2.695 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "2.7 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "77.1 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "720 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { @@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Charge d'Affaires Guenther SALZMANN (since 1 August 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Guenther SALZMANN (since 1 August 2022)" }, "chancery": { "text": "3524 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008-3035" diff --git a/europe/be.json b/europe/be.json index 65863d7e..05ed5e5c 100644 --- a/europe/be.json +++ b/europe/be.json @@ -457,13 +457,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "739 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "740 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "3.21 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.47 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "45 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "50 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { diff --git a/europe/bk.json b/europe/bk.json index 0d26a89f..f2edb8e0 100644 --- a/europe/bk.json +++ b/europe/bk.json @@ -450,10 +450,10 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "360.8 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "310 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "71.8 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "50 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { @@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "48 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 115,525 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-February 2023)" + "note": "note: 116,264 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-February 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine  destined for  European markets

" diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index 21180d2a..46c757c7 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -466,13 +466,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "523 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "550 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "443 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "440 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "431 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "370 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { @@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant; recalled by Belarus in 2008); Charge d'Affaires Pavel SHIDLOVSKY (since 9 August 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant; recalled by Belarus in 2008); Chargé d'Affaires Pavel SHIDLOVSKY (since 9 August 2022)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1619 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009" diff --git a/europe/bu.json b/europe/bu.json index b716c08d..1beb7835 100644 --- a/europe/bu.json +++ b/europe/bu.json @@ -464,13 +464,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "882 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "870 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "3.942 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.76 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "834.5 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "800 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { diff --git a/europe/cy.json b/europe/cy.json index 3912165f..3950808a 100644 --- a/europe/cy.json +++ b/europe/cy.json @@ -553,19 +553,19 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Nikos ANASTASIADIS (since 28 February 2013); the president is both chief of state and head of government; note - vice presidency reserved for a Turkish Cypriot, but vacant since 1974 because Turkish Cypriots do not participate in the Republic of Cyprus Government" + "text": "President Nikos CHRISTODOULIDES (since 28 February 2023); the president is both chief of state and head of government; note - vice presidency reserved for a Turkish Cypriot, but vacant since 1974 because Turkish Cypriots do not participate in the Republic of Cyprus Government" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Nikos ANASTASIADIS (since 28 February 2013)" + "text": "President Nikos CHRISTODOULIDES (since 28 February 2023)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - under the 1960 constitution, 3 of the ministerial posts reserved for Turkish Cypriots, appointed by the vice president; positions currently filled by Greek Cypriots" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term; election last held on 28 January 2018 with a runoff on 4 February 2018 (next to be held 5 February 2023 with a runoff on 12 February 2023)" + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term; election last held on held 5 February 2023 with a runoff on 12 February 2023 (next to be held in 2028)" }, "election results": { - "text": "2018: Nikos ANASTASIADIS reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS (DISY) 35.5%, Stavros MALAS (AKEL) 30.2%, Nicolas PAPADOPOULOS (DIKO) 25.7%, other 8.6%; percent of vote in second round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS 56%, Stavros MALAS 44%

2013: Nikos ANASTASIADIS elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS 45.5% (DISY), Stavros  MALAS 26.9% (AKEL), Georgos LILLIKAS 24.9% (SP), other 2.7%; percent of vote in second round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS 57.5%, Savros MALAS 42.5%" + "text": "2023: Nikos CHRISTODOULIDES elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Nikos CHRISTODOULIDES (independent) 32%, Andreas MAVROYIANNIS (independent) 29.6%, Averof NEOFYTOU (DISY) 26.1%, Christos CHRISTOU (ELAM) 6%, other 6.3%; percent of vote in second round - Nikos CHRISTODOULIDES 52%, Andreas MAVROYIANNIS 48%

2018: Nikos ANASTASIADIS reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS (DISY) 35.5%, Stavros MALAS (AKEL) 30.2%, Nicolas PAPADOPOULOS (DIKO) 25.7%, other 8.6%; percent of vote in second round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS 56%, Stavros MALAS 44%

2013: Nikos ANASTASIADIS elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS 45.5% (DISY), Stavros  MALAS 26.9% (AKEL), Georgos LILLIKAS 24.9% (SP), other 2.7%; percent of vote in second round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS 57.5%, Savros MALAS 42.5%" }, "note": "note: the first round of the TRNC presidential election, originally scheduled for 26 April 2020, was postponed to 11 October 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic; the second round was held on 18 October 2020; percent of vote in the first round - Ersin TATAR (UBP) 32.4%, Mustafa AKINCI (independent) 29.8%, Tufan ERHURMAN (RTP) 21.7%, Kudret OZERSAY (independent) 5.7%, Erhan ARIKLI (YDP) 5.4%, Serdar DENKTAS (independent) 4.2%, other 0.8%; percent of vote in the second round - Ersin TATAR 51.7%, Mustafa AKINCI 48.3%" }, diff --git a/europe/fr.json b/europe/fr.json index 7ab03a78..0ee05245 100644 --- a/europe/fr.json +++ b/europe/fr.json @@ -1319,7 +1319,7 @@ "note": "note 1: France has been a contributing member of the EuroCorps since 1992

note 2: in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including France, have sent additional troops to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "France was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty), which created NATO in 1949; in 1966, President Charles DE GAULLE decided to withdraw France from NATO’s integrated military structure, reflecting his desire for greater military independence, particularly vis-à-vis the US, and the refusal to integrate France’s nuclear deterrent or accept any form of control over its armed forces; it did, however, sign agreements with NATO setting out procedures in the event of Soviet aggression; beginning with the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, France distanced itself from the 1966 decision and has regularly contributed troops to NATO’s military operations, being one of the largest troop-contributing states; in 2009 it officially announced its decision to fully participate in NATO structures

in 2010, France and the UK signed a declaration on defense and security cooperation that included greater military interoperability and a Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF), a deployable, combined Anglo-French military force for use in a wide range of crisis scenarios, up to and including high intensity combat operations; the CJEF has no standing forces, but would be available at short notice for French-UK bilateral, NATO, EU, UN, or other operations; combined training exercises began in 2011; as of 2020, the CJEF was assessed as having full operating capacity with the ability to rapidly deploy over 10,000 personnel capable of high intensity operations, peacekeeping, disaster relief, and humanitarian assistance

the French Foreign Legion, established in 1831, is a military force that is open to foreign recruits willing to serve in the French Armed Forces for service in France and abroad; the Foreign Legion is an integrated part of the French Army and is comprised of approximately 8,000 personnel in eight regiments, a regiment-sized demi-brigade, a battalion-sized overseas detachment, a battalion-sized recruiting group, and a command staff; the combat units are a mix of armored cavalry and airborne, light, mechanized, and motorized infantry (2022)" + "text": "France was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty), which created NATO in 1949; in 1966, President Charles DE GAULLE decided to withdraw France from NATO’s integrated military structure, reflecting his desire for greater military independence, particularly vis-à-vis the US, and the refusal to integrate France’s nuclear deterrent or accept any form of control over its armed forces; it did, however, sign agreements with NATO setting out procedures in the event of Soviet aggression; beginning with the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, France distanced itself from the 1966 decision and has regularly contributed troops to NATO’s military operations, being one of the largest troop-contributing states; in 2009 it officially announced its decision to fully participate in NATO structures

in 2010, France and the UK signed a declaration on defense and security cooperation that included greater military interoperability and a Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF), a deployable, combined Anglo-French military force for use in a wide range of crisis scenarios, up to and including high intensity combat operations; the CJEF has no standing forces, but would be available at short notice for French-UK bilateral, NATO, EU, UN, or other operations; combined training exercises began in 2011; as of 2020, the CJEF was assessed as having full operating capacity with the ability to rapidly deploy over 10,000 personnel capable of high intensity operations, peacekeeping, disaster relief, and humanitarian assistance

the French Foreign Legion, established in 1831, is a military force that is open to foreign recruits willing to serve in the French Armed Forces for service in France and abroad; the Foreign Legion is an integrated part of the French Army and is comprised of approximately 8,000 personnel in eight regiments, a regiment-sized demi-brigade, a battalion-sized overseas detachment, a battalion-sized recruiting group, and a command staff; the combat units are a mix of armored cavalry and airborne, light, mechanized, and motorized infantry (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/gr.json b/europe/gr.json index 878d51c5..fcdcfdb7 100644 --- a/europe/gr.json +++ b/europe/gr.json @@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "4,488 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 1,235,370 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-February 2023)" + "note": "note: 1,235,454 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-February 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis products and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime" diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index af29319d..8cc074bf 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Mark FLEMING (since May 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Mark FLEMING (since May 2021)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Ulica Thomasa Jeffersona 2, 10010 Zagreb" diff --git a/europe/it.json b/europe/it.json index 7289deca..135527b8 100644 --- a/europe/it.json +++ b/europe/it.json @@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Shawn CROWLEY (since July 2022); note - also accredited to San Marino" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Shawn CROWLEY (since July 2022); note - also accredited to San Marino" }, "embassy": { "text": "via Vittorio Veneto 121, 00187 Roma" @@ -1282,7 +1282,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "3,000 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 708,346 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-February 2023)" + "note": "note: 710,687 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-February 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "important gateway for drug trafficking; organized crime groups allied with Colombian and Spanish groups trafficking cocaine to Europe" diff --git a/europe/kv.json b/europe/kv.json index 0fd85b03..a19103bd 100644 --- a/europe/kv.json +++ b/europe/kv.json @@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@ "IDPs": { "text": "16,000 (primarily ethnic Serbs displaced during the 1998-1999 war fearing reprisals from the majority ethnic-Albanian population; a smaller number of ethnic Serbs, Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptians fled their homes in 2004 as a result of violence) (2021)" }, - "note": "note: 8,409 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2022)" + "note": "note: 8,655 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-January 2023)" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/md.json b/europe/md.json index 4092291a..4d234a25 100644 --- a/europe/md.json +++ b/europe/md.json @@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Carolina PEREBINOS (since 27 July 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Carolina PEREBINOS (since 27 July 2022)" }, "chancery": { "text": "2101 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index fe316024..497f4655 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Nebojsa TODOROVIC (since 7 December 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Nebojsa TODOROVIC (since 7 December 2022)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1610 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20009" @@ -1268,7 +1268,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "468 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 29,537 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-February 2023)" + "note": "note: 29,594 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-February 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine  destined for  European markets

" diff --git a/europe/mt.json b/europe/mt.json index e3bbd490..e5f4438d 100644 --- a/europe/mt.json +++ b/europe/mt.json @@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Gwendolyn \"Wendy\" GREEN (since August 2020)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Gwendolyn \"Wendy\" GREEN (since August 2020)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Ta' Qali National Park, Attard, ATD 4000" diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index ec7e1323..e2ce8884 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -1274,7 +1274,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "2,594 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 943,817 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-February 2023); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 7,271 migrants and asylum seekers as of November 2022" + "note": "note: 944,624 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-February 2023); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 7,271 migrants and asylum seekers as of November 2022" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine destined for European markets

" diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index 406ed7ba..b5548371 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires David MUNIZ (since 20 January 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires David MUNIZ (since 20 January 2021)" }, "embassy": { "text": "4-6, Dr. Liviu Librescu Blvd., District 1, Bucharest, 015118" diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index e9d302d7..26946307 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Andrej MEDICA (since 25 October 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Andrej MEDICA (since 25 October 2022)" }, "chancery": { "text": "2410 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index 076e6968..8e7df23a 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "6,489 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 281,682 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals, including Canary Islands (January 2015-February 2023)" + "note": "note: 281,945 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals, including Canary Islands (January 2015-February 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "primary transit point in Europe for cocaine from South America and for hashish from Morocco; cocaine is shipped in raw or liquid form with mixed cargo to avoid detection; traffickers ship methamphetamine via express mail; increasing indoor cannabis production; illegal labs cutting, mixing, and reconstituting cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine labs; synthetic drugs, including ketamine and MDMA (ecstasy) transit from Spain to the US" diff --git a/europe/up.json b/europe/up.json index 07fe4f2d..b1458619 100644 --- a/europe/up.json +++ b/europe/up.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20) but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.

A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.

Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel driving an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government that continues to this day. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. By early 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.

On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by invading the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion has received near universal international condemnation, and many countries have imposed sanctions on Russia and supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. Russia made substantial gains in the early weeks of the invasion but underestimated Ukrainian resolve and combat capabilities. By the end of 2022, Ukrainian forces had regained all territories in the north and northeast and made some advances in the east and south. Nonetheless, Russia in late September 2022 unilaterally declared its annexation of four Ukrainian oblasts - Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia - even though none was fully under Russian control. The annexations remain unrecognized by the international community.

The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. As of 21 February, 2023, approximately 18.84 million people had fled Ukraine, and 5.35 million people were internally displaced as of January 2023.  Nearly 19,000 civilian casualties had been reported, as of 12 February 2023. The invasion of Ukraine remains one of the two largest displacement crises worldwide (the other is the conflict in Syria).

 

" + "text": "

Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20) but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.

A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.

Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel driving an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government that continues to this day. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. By early 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.

On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by invading the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion has received near universal international condemnation, and many countries have imposed sanctions on Russia and supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. Russia made substantial gains in the early weeks of the invasion but underestimated Ukrainian resolve and combat capabilities. By the end of 2022, Ukrainian forces had regained all territories in the north and northeast and made some advances in the east and south. Nonetheless, Russia in late September 2022 unilaterally declared its annexation of four Ukrainian oblasts - Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia - even though none was fully under Russian control. The annexations remain unrecognized by the international community.

The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. As of 28 February, 2023, approximately 19.08 million people had fled Ukraine, and 5.35 million people were internally displaced as of January 2023.  Nearly 19,000 civilian casualties had been reported, as of 12 February 2023. The invasion of Ukraine remains one of the two largest displacement crises worldwide (the other is the conflict in Syria).

 

" } }, "Geography": { diff --git a/middle-east/ae.json b/middle-east/ae.json index 3ed2e584..3d6d2277 100644 --- a/middle-east/ae.json +++ b/middle-east/ae.json @@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Sean MURPHY (since January 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Sean MURPHY (since January 2021)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Embassies District, Plot 38, Sector W59-02, Street No. 4, Abu Dhabi" diff --git a/middle-east/aj.json b/middle-east/aj.json index 1ba5cf3b..adb4e414 100644 --- a/middle-east/aj.json +++ b/middle-east/aj.json @@ -456,13 +456,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "449.6 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "400 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "3.062 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "570 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "9.27 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "11.6 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { diff --git a/middle-east/ba.json b/middle-east/ba.json index ec747a2e..9433c93e 100644 --- a/middle-east/ba.json +++ b/middle-east/ba.json @@ -449,13 +449,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "275.6 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "280 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "14.1 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "10 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "144.7 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "140 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { diff --git a/middle-east/ir.json b/middle-east/ir.json index df94ea1b..1b3b4476 100644 --- a/middle-east/ir.json +++ b/middle-east/ir.json @@ -1273,10 +1273,10 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 3 — Iran does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; therefore, Iran remained in Tier 3; the government continued a policy of recruiting and using child soldiers, government officials perpetrated sex trafficking of adults and children and continued trafficking both in Iran and overseas; the government continued to force or coerce children and adults to fight for Iranian-led militias operating in Syria and provided financial support to militias fighting in armed conflicts in the region using child soldiers; authorities failed to identify and protect trafficking victims among vulnerable populations; law enforcement treated trafficking victims as criminals, facing severe punishment or death for unlawful acts traffickers compelled them to commit (2020)" + "text": "Tier 3 — Iran does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; therefore, Iran remained in Tier 3; the government took some steps to address trafficking, including forming an anti-trafficking committee to develop strategies and programs to combat trafficking; however, the government continued a policy of recruiting and using child soldiers and coercing adults to fight for Iranian-led militias in Syria; officials continued to perpetrate and condone trafficking crimes; authorities failed to identify and protect trafficking victims among vulnerable populations and continued to treat trafficking victims as criminals; victims continued to face severe punishment or death for unlawful acts traffickers compelled them to commit (2022)" }, "trafficking profile": { - "text": "Iran is a presumed source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; Iranian and Afghan boys and girls are forced into prostitution domestically; Iranian women are subjected to sex trafficking in Iran, Pakistan, the Persian Gulf, and Europe; Azerbaijani women and children are also sexually exploited in Iran; Afghan migrants and refugees and Pakistani men and women are subjected to conditions of forced labor in Iran; NGO reports indicate that criminal organizations play a significant role in human trafficking in Iran" + "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Iran, and Iranians are exploited abroad; the continuing decline of the Iranian economy has significantly exacerbated human trafficking, particularly for vulnerable and marginalized groups such as ethnic minorities, refugee and migrants, women, and children; women and girls, as well as some men, are highly vulnerable to sex trafficking in Iran; Iranian and Afghan boys and girls are forced into prostitution domestically; Iranian women, boys, and girls are vulnerable to sex trafficking in Afghanistan, Armenia, Georgia, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates; Iranian and Afghan refugee and migrant children, orphans, and homeless children increasingly are vulnerable to forced labor in Iran; criminal groups reportedly play a significant role in human trafficking in Iran, including kidnaping or purchasing Iranian and migrant children for forced labor and sexual exploitation; Afghan refugees and migrants, as well as Pakistani migrants, are vulnerable to abuse and labor exploitation (2022)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/middle-east/is.json b/middle-east/is.json index 2c9dc799..8e388659 100644 --- a/middle-east/is.json +++ b/middle-east/is.json @@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "ambassador Thomas NIDES (since 5 December 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador Thomas NIDES (since 5 December 2021)" }, "embassy": { "text": "14 David Flusser Street, Jerusalem, 9378322" diff --git a/middle-east/iz.json b/middle-east/iz.json index 74c9dc80..f3ec0b48 100644 --- a/middle-east/iz.json +++ b/middle-east/iz.json @@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Mohammed Husham Malik AL FITYAN (since 22 March 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Mohammed Husham Malik AL FITYAN (since 22 March 2022)" }, "chancery": { "text": "3421 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007" diff --git a/middle-east/jo.json b/middle-east/jo.json index 1c81df49..042c35c2 100644 --- a/middle-east/jo.json +++ b/middle-east/jo.json @@ -1269,7 +1269,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "2,307,011 (Palestinian refugees) (2020); 12,866 (Yemen), 6,013 Sudan (2021); 33,951 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 661,670 (Syria) (2023)" + "text": "2,307,011 (Palestinian refugees) (2020); 12,866 (Yemen), 6,013 Sudan (2021); 33,951 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 661,854 (Syria) (2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "64 (2022)" diff --git a/middle-east/ku.json b/middle-east/ku.json index 21cb96e9..c17b3a36 100644 --- a/middle-east/ku.json +++ b/middle-east/ku.json @@ -540,10 +540,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Ahmad al-NAWAF al-Sabah (since 24 July 2022); Crown Prince Mishal al-AHMAD al-Sabah, born in 1940, is the brother of Amir Nawaf al-AHMAD al-Jabir al-Sabah" + "text": "Amir NAWAF al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah (since 24 July 2022); Crown Prince Mishal al-AHMAD al-Sabah, born in 1940, is the brother of Amir NAWAF al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Sheikh Muhammad al-Sabah al-SALIM al-Sabah (since 19 July 2022); First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior Sheikh Ahmed al-NAWAF al-Sabah (since 22 March 2022), Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defense Sheikh Talal al-KHALID al-Sabah (since 1 August 2022), and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Oil and Minister of State for Cabinet Affairs Dr. Mohammed al-FARIS (since 22 March 2022)" + "text": "Prime Minister Sheikh Ahmad NAWAF Al-Ahmad al-Sabah (reappointed 5 March 2023); First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior Sheikh Talal Khalid Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah (since 16 October 2022); Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of State for Cabinet Affairs Barak Ali Barak Al-Sheton (since 16 October 2022); Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Oil Bader Hamed Yusef Al-Mula (since 16 October 2022)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, approved by the amir" diff --git a/middle-east/le.json b/middle-east/le.json index 86e98c49..cfa9b7ea 100644 --- a/middle-east/le.json +++ b/middle-east/le.json @@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Wael HACHEM, Counselor (since 15 March 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Wael HACHEM, Counselor (since 15 March 2021)" }, "chancery": { "text": "2560 28th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" diff --git a/middle-east/qa.json b/middle-east/qa.json index 890c0429..ee1f0988 100644 --- a/middle-east/qa.json +++ b/middle-east/qa.json @@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ "text": "Amir TAMIM bin Hamad Al Thani (since 25 June 2013)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister and Minister of Interior Sheikh KHALID bin Khalifa bin Abdul Aziz Al Thani (since 28 January 2020);  Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of State for Defense Affairs KHALID bin Mohamed AL Attiyah (since 14 November 2017); Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs MOHAMED bin Abdulrahman Al Thani (since 14 November 2017)" + "text": "Prime Minister and Foreign Minister MUHAMMAD bin Abd al-Rahman Al Thani (since 7 March 2023); Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of State for Defense Affairs KHALID bin Mohamed AL Attiyah (since 14 November 2017)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the amir" @@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Evyenia SIDEREAS" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Evyenia SIDEREAS" }, "embassy": { "text": "22 February Street, Al Luqta District, P.O. Box 2399, Doha" diff --git a/middle-east/sa.json b/middle-east/sa.json index 85f21cc3..c282b7f0 100644 --- a/middle-east/sa.json +++ b/middle-east/sa.json @@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Martina STRONG (since February 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Martina STRONG (since February 2021)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Riyadh 11564" diff --git a/north-america/bd.json b/north-america/bd.json index 798d2a0c..57557dce 100644 --- a/north-america/bd.json +++ b/north-america/bd.json @@ -919,7 +919,7 @@ "text": "25,000 (2020 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "40 (2020 est.)" + "text": "39 (2020 est.)" } }, "Telephones - mobile cellular": { @@ -927,7 +927,7 @@ "text": "68,000 (2020 est.)" }, "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "109 (2020 est.)" + "text": "103 (2020 est.)" } }, "Telecommunication systems": { @@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ "text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage (2021)" }, "domestic": { - "text": "the system has a high fixed-line teledensity nearing 40 per 100, coupled with a mobile-cellular teledensity of roughly 109 per 100 persons (2020)" + "text": "the system has a fixed-line teledensity of 39 per 100, coupled with a mobile-cellular teledensity of roughly 106 per 100 persons (2020)" }, "international": { "text": "country code - 1-441; landing points for the GlobeNet, Gemini Bermuda, CBUS, and the CB-1 submarine cables to the Caribbean, South America and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 (2019)" diff --git a/north-america/ca.json b/north-america/ca.json index 34a1b1c1..86a5aed8 100644 --- a/north-america/ca.json +++ b/north-america/ca.json @@ -482,13 +482,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "4.888 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "4.87 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "28.07 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "27.51 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "2.639 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.8 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { diff --git a/south-america/ar.json b/south-america/ar.json index 3ddc072e..89b7a24a 100644 --- a/south-america/ar.json +++ b/south-america/ar.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

In 1816, the United Provinces of the Rio Plata declared their independence from Spain. After Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay went their separate ways, the area that remained became Argentina. The country's population and culture were heavily shaped by immigrants from throughout Europe, with Italy and Spain providing the largest percentage of newcomers from 1860 to 1930. Up until about the mid-20th century, much of Argentina's history was dominated by periods of internal political unrest and conflict between civilian and military factions.

After World War II, an era of populism under former President Juan Domingo PERON - the founder of the Peronist political movement - and direct and indirect military interference in subsequent governments was followed by a military junta that took power in 1976. Democracy returned in 1983 after a failed bid to seize the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) by force, and has persisted despite numerous challenges, the most formidable of which was a severe economic crisis in 2001-02 that led to violent public protests and the successive resignations of several presidents. The years 2003-15 saw Peronist rule by Nestor KIRCHNER (2003-07) and his spouse Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER (2007-15), who oversaw several years of strong economic growth (2003-11) followed by a gradual deterioration in the government’s fiscal situation and eventual economic stagnation and isolation. Argentina underwent a brief period of economic reform and international reintegration under Mauricio MACRI (2015-19), but a recession in 2018-19 and frustration with MACRI’s economic policies ushered in a new Peronist government in 2019 led by President Alberto FERNANDEZ and Vice President FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER. Presidential elections will take place next in 2023.

" + "text": "

In 1816, the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata declared their independence from Spain. After Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay went their separate ways, the area that remained became Argentina. The country's population and culture were heavily shaped by immigrants from throughout Europe, with Italy and Spain providing the largest percentage of newcomers from 1860 to 1930. Up until about the mid-20th century, much of Argentina's history was dominated by periods of internal political unrest and conflict between civilian and military factions.

After World War II, an era of populism under former President Juan Domingo PERÓN - the founder of the Peronist political movement - and direct and indirect military interference in subsequent governments was followed by a military junta that took power in 1976. Democracy returned in 1983 after a failed bid to seize the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) by force, and has persisted despite numerous challenges, the most formidable of which was a severe economic crisis in 2001-02 that led to violent public protests and the successive resignations of several presidents. The years 2003-15 saw Peronist rule by Néstor KIRCHNER (2003-07) and his spouse Cristina FERNÁNDEZ DE KIRCHNER (2007-15), who oversaw several years of strong economic growth (2003-11) followed by a gradual deterioration in the government’s fiscal situation and eventual economic stagnation and isolation. Argentina underwent a brief period of economic reform and international reintegration under Mauricio MACRI (2015-19), but a recession in 2018-19 and frustration with MACRI’s economic policies ushered in a new Peronist government in 2019 led by President Alberto FERNÁNDEZ and Vice President FERNÁNDEZ DE KIRCHNER. Presidential elections will take place next in 2023.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ "text": "Cerro Aconcagua (located in the northwestern corner of the province of Mendoza; highest point in South America) 6,962 m" }, "lowest point": { - "text": "Laguna del Carbon (located between Puerto San Julian and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz) -105 m" + "text": "Laguna del Carbón (located between Puerto San Julián and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz) -105 m" }, "mean elevation": { "text": "595 m" @@ -98,29 +98,29 @@ }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { - "text": "Lago Buenos Aires (shared with Chile) - 2,240 sq km; Lago Argentino - 1,410 sq km; Lago Viedma - 1,090 sq km; Lago San Martin (shared with Chile) - 1,010 sq km; Lago Colhue Huapi - 800 sq km; Lago Fagnano (shared with Chile) - 590 sq km; Lago Nahuel Huapi - 550 sq km" + "text": "Lago Buenos Aires (shared with Chile) - 2,240 sq km; Lago Argentino - 1,410 sq km; Lago Viedma - 1,090 sq km; Lago San Martín (shared with Chile) - 1,010 sq km; Lago Colhué Huapi - 800 sq km; Lago Fagnano (shared with Chile) - 590 sq km; Lago Nahuel Huapi - 550 sq km" }, "salt water lake(s)": { "text": "Laguna Mar Chiquita - 1,850 sq km;" } }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { - "text": "Rio de la Plata/Parana river mouth (shared with Brazil [s], Paraguay, and Uruguay) - 4,880 km; Paraguay (shared with Brazil [s], and Paraguay [m]) - 2,549 km; Uruguay (shared with Brazil [s] and Uruguay [m]) - 1,610 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" + "text": "Río de la Plata/Paraná river mouth (shared with Brazil [s], Paraguay, and Uruguay) - 4,880 km; Paraguay (shared with Brazil [s], and Paraguay [m]) - 2,549 km; Uruguay (shared with Brazil [s] and Uruguay [m]) - 1,610 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Paraná (2,582,704 sq km)" }, "Major aquifers": { - "text": "Guarani Aquifer System" + "text": "Guaraní Aquifer System" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "one-third of the population lives in Buenos Aires; pockets of agglomeration occur throughout the northern and central parts of the country; Patagonia to the south remains sparsely populated" }, "Natural hazards": { - "text": "

San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding in some areas

volcanism: volcanic activity in the Andes Mountains along the Chilean border; Copahue (2,997 m) last erupted in 2000; other historically active volcanoes include Llullaillaco, Maipo, Planchon-Peteroa, San Jose, Tromen, Tupungatito, and Viedma

" + "text": "

San Miguel de Tucumán and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding in some areas

volcanism: volcanic activity in the Andes Mountains along the Chilean border; Copahue (2,997 m) last erupted in 2000; other historically active volcanoes include Llullaillaco, Maipo, Planchón-Peteroa, San José, Tromen, Tupungatito, and Viedma

" }, "Geography - note": { - "text": "note 1: second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between the South Atlantic and the South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); diverse geophysical landscapes range from tropical climates in the north to tundra in the far south; Cerro Aconcagua is the Western Hemisphere's tallest mountain, while Laguna del Carbon is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere; shares Iguazu Falls, the world's largest waterfalls system, with Brazil

note 2: southeast Bolivia and northwest Argentina seem to be the original development site for peanuts" + "text": "note 1: second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between the South Atlantic and the South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); diverse geophysical landscapes range from tropical climates in the north to tundra in the far south; Cerro Aconcagua is the Western Hemisphere's tallest mountain, while Laguna del Carbón is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere; shares Iguazú Falls, the world's largest waterfalls system, with Brazil

note 2: southeast Bolivia and northwest Argentina seem to be the original development site for peanuts" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ } }, "Major urban areas - population": { - "text": "15.490 million BUENOS AIRES (capital), 1.612 million Cordoba, 1.594 million Rosario, 1.226 million Mendoza, 1.027 million San Miguel de Tucuman, 914,000 La Plata (2023)" + "text": "15.490 million BUENOS AIRES (capital), 1.612 million Córdoba, 1.594 million Rosario, 1.226 million Mendoza, 1.027 million San Miguel de Tucumán, 914,000 La Plata (2023)" }, "Sex ratio": { "at birth": { @@ -474,20 +474,20 @@ }, "Major lakes (area sq km)": { "fresh water lake(s)": { - "text": "Lago Buenos Aires (shared with Chile) - 2,240 sq km; Lago Argentino - 1,410 sq km; Lago Viedma - 1,090 sq km; Lago San Martin (shared with Chile) - 1,010 sq km; Lago Colhue Huapi - 800 sq km; Lago Fagnano (shared with Chile) - 590 sq km; Lago Nahuel Huapi - 550 sq km" + "text": "Lago Buenos Aires (shared with Chile) - 2,240 sq km; Lago Argentino - 1,410 sq km; Lago Viedma - 1,090 sq km; Lago San Martín (shared with Chile) - 1,010 sq km; Lago Colhué Huapi - 800 sq km; Lago Fagnano (shared with Chile) - 590 sq km; Lago Nahuel Huapi - 550 sq km" }, "salt water lake(s)": { "text": "Laguna Mar Chiquita - 1,850 sq km;" } }, "Major rivers (by length in km)": { - "text": "Rio de la Plata/Parana river mouth (shared with Brazil [s], Paraguay, and Uruguay) - 4,880 km; Paraguay (shared with Brazil [s], and Paraguay [m]) - 2,549 km; Uruguay (shared with Brazil [s] and Uruguay [m]) - 1,610 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" + "text": "Río de la Plata/Paraná river mouth (shared with Brazil [s], Paraguay, and Uruguay) - 4,880 km; Paraguay (shared with Brazil [s], and Paraguay [m]) - 2,549 km; Uruguay (shared with Brazil [s] and Uruguay [m]) - 1,610 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth" }, "Major watersheds (area sq km)": { "text": "Atlantic Ocean drainage: Paraná (2,582,704 sq km)" }, "Major aquifers": { - "text": "Guarani Aquifer System" + "text": "Guaraní Aquifer System" }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { @@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ "text": "Argentina" }, "etymology": { - "text": "originally the area was referred to as Tierra Argentina, i.e., \"Land beside the Silvery River\" or \"silvery land,\" which referred to the massive estuary in the east of the country, the Rio de la Plata (River of Silver); over time the name shortened to simply Argentina or \"silvery\"" + "text": "originally the area was referred to as Tierra Argentina, i.e., \"Land beside the Silvery River\" or \"silvery land,\" which referred to the massive estuary in the east of the country, the Río de la Plata (River of Silver); over time the name shortened to simply Argentina or \"silvery\"" } }, "Government type": { @@ -582,10 +582,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ (since 10 December 2019); Vice President Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER (since 10 December 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" + "text": "President Alberto Ángel FERNÁNDEZ (since 10 December 2019); Vice President Cristina FERNÁNDEZ DE KIRCHNER (since 10 December 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ (since 10 December 2019); Vice President Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER (since 10 December 2019)" + "text": "President Alberto Ángel FERNÁNDEZ (since 10 December 2019); Vice President Cristina FERNÁNDEZ DE KIRCHNER (since 10 December 2019)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" @@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified majority vote (to win, a candidate must receive at least 45% of votes or 40% of votes and a 10-point lead over the second place candidate; if neither occurs, a second round is held ); the president serves a 4-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); election last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
2019: Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ elected president; percent of vote - Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ (TODOS) 48.1%, Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 40.4%, Roberto LAVAGNA (independent) 6.2%, other 5.3%

2015: Mauricio MACRI elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Daniel SCIOLI (PJ) 37.1%, Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 34.2%, Sergio MASSA (FR/PJ) 21.4%, other 7.3%; percent of vote in second round - Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 51.4%, Daniel SCIOLI (PJ) 48.6%" + "text": "
2019: Alberto Ángel FERNÁNDEZ elected president; percent of vote - Alberto Angel FERNÁNDEZ (TODOS) 48.1%, Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 40.4%, Roberto LAVAGNA (independent) 6.2%, other 5.3%

2015: Mauricio MACRI elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Daniel SCIOLI (PJ) 37.1%, Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 34.2%, Sergio MASSA (FR/PJ) 21.4%, other 7.3%; percent of vote in second round - Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 51.4%, Daniel SCIOLI (PJ) 48.6%" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "

Avanza Libertad or AL [Jose Luis ESPERT]
Civic Coalition ARI or CC-ARI [Elisa CARRIO, Maximiliano FERRARO]
Federal Consensus or CF [Roberto LAVAGNA, Juan Manuel URTUBEY]
Frente Civico por Santiago (Civic Front for Santiago) [Gerardo ZAMORA]
Frente de Izquierda (Workers' Left Front) or FIT-U [Nicolas DEL CANO, Miriam BREGMAN] (coalition of leftist parties in lower house; includes PTS, PO, and MST)
Frente de la Concordia Misionero (Front for the Renewal of Social Concord) or FRCS [Carlos Eduardo ROVIRA]
Frente de Todos (Everyone's Front) or FdT [Alberto FERNANDEZ] (includes FR, La Campora, and PJ); note - ruling coalition since 2019; includes several national and provincial Peronist political parties
Frente Renovador (Renewal Front) or FR [Sergio MASSA, Pablo MIROLO]
Generacion por un Encuentro Nacional (Generation for a National Encounter) or GEN [Margarita STOLBIZER]
Hacemos por Cordoba (We do for Cordoba) or HC [Juan SCHIARETTI]
Juntos por el Cambio (Together for Change) or JxC [Horacio Rodríguez LARRETA] (includes CC-ARI, PRO, and UCR); note - primary opposition coalition since 2019
Juntos Somos Rio Negro (Together We Are Rio Negro) or JSRN [Alberto WERETILNECK]   
Justicialist Party or PJ [Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ]
La Campora [Maximo KIRCHNER]
La Libertad Avanza or LLA [Javier MILEI]
Movimiento Popular Neuquino (Neuquen People's Movement) or MPN [Omar GUTIERREZ]
Partido Socialista or PS [Monica Haydee FEIN]
Propuesta Republicana or PRO [Mauricio MACRI]
Radical Civic Union or UCR [Gerardo MORALES]
Socialist Workers' Party or PTS [Nicolas DEL CANO]
Unidad Federal (coalition of provencial parties in the lower house; includes FRCS and JSRN)
Workers' Party or PO [Gabriel SOLANO]
Workers' Socialist Movement or MST [Alejandro BODART]
Vamos con Vos (Let's Go with You) or VcV [Florencio RANDAZZO]

" + "text": "

Avanza Libertad or AL [José Luis ESPERT]
Civic Coalition ARI or CC-ARI [Elisa CARRIÓ, Maximiliano FERRARO]
Consenso Federal (Federal Consensus) or CF [Roberto LAVAGNA, Juan Manuel URTUBEY]
Frente Cívico por Santiago (Civic Front for Santiago) [Gerardo ZAMORA]
Frente de Izquierda y de los Trabajadores – Unidad (Workers' Left Front) or FIT-U [Nicolás DEL CAÑO, Miriam BREGMAN] (coalition of leftist parties in lower house; includes PTS, PO, and MST)
Frente de la Concordia Misionero (Front for the Renewal of Social Concord) or FRCS [Carlos Eduardo ROVIRA]
Frente de Todos (Everyone's Front) or FdT [Alberto FERNÁNDEZ] (includes FR, La Campora, and PJ); note - ruling coalition since 2019; includes several national and provincial Peronist political parties
Frente Renovador (Renewal Front) or FR [Sergio MASSA, Pablo MIROLO]
Generación por un Encuentro Nacional (Generation for a National Encounter) or GEN [Margarita STOLBIZER]
Hacemos por Córdoba (We do for Cordoba) or HC [Juan SCHIARETTI]
Juntos por el Cambio (Together for Change) or JxC [Horacio Rodríguez LARRETA] (includes CC-ARI, PRO, and UCR); note - primary opposition coalition since 2019
Juntos Somos Río Negro (Together We Are Rio Negro) or JSRN [Alberto WERETILNECK]   
Justicialist Party or PJ [Alberto Angel FERNÁNDEZ]
La Cámpora [Maximo KIRCHNER]
La Libertad Avanza (The Liberty Advances) or LLA [Javier MILEI]
Movimiento Popular Neuquino (Neuquén People's Movement) or MPN [Omar GUTIÉRREZ]
Movimiento Socialista de los Trabajadores (Workers' Socialist Movement) or MST [Vilma RIPOLL, Alejandro BODART]
Partido de los Trabajadores Socialistas (Socialist Workers' Party) or PTS [Nicolás DEL CAÑO]
Partido Obrero (Workers' Party) or PO [Gabriel SOLANO]
Partido Socialista or PS [Mónica Haydée FEIN]
Propuesta Republicana (Republican Proposal) or PRO [Mauricio MACRI]
Unidad Federal (coalition of provencial parties in the lower house; includes FRCS and JSRN)
Unión Cívica Radical (Radical Civic Union) or UCR [Gerardo Rubén MORALES]
Vamos con Vos (Let's Go with You) or VcV [Florencio RANDAZZO]

" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, PROSUR, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina (observer), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" diff --git a/south-america/bl.json b/south-america/bl.json index e4f07e86..f45ac4d8 100644 --- a/south-america/bl.json +++ b/south-america/bl.json @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ } }, "Natural resources": { - "text": "tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower" + "text": "lithium, tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower" }, "Land use": { "agricultural land": { @@ -498,13 +498,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "136 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "140 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "32 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "30 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "1.92 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.92 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { @@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Maysa Rossana URENA MENACHO (since 1 September 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Maysa Rossana URENA MENACHO (since 1 September 2022)" }, "chancery": { "text": "3014 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20008" @@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Charisse PHILLIPS (since August 2020)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Charisse PHILLIPS (since August 2020)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Avenida Arce 2780, La Paz" diff --git a/south-america/br.json b/south-america/br.json index 5d19bfda..a36c74b7 100644 --- a/south-america/br.json +++ b/south-america/br.json @@ -519,13 +519,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "16.74 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "16.96 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "9.511 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "10.44 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "39.43 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "43.03 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { @@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Douglas A. KONEFF (since July 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Douglas A. KONEFF (since July 2021)" }, "embassy": { "text": "SES - Avenida das Nações, Quadra 801, Lote 3, 70403-900 - Brasília, DF" @@ -1334,7 +1334,7 @@ "note": "note: in 2020, women comprised approximately 9% of the Brazilian military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the origins of Brazil's military stretch back to the 1640s

the three national police forces – the Federal Police, Federal Highway Police, and Federal Railway Police – have domestic security responsibilities and report to the Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Ministry of Justice); there are two distinct units within the state police forces: the civil police, which performs an investigative role, and the military police, charged with maintaining law and order in the states and the Federal District; despite the name, military police forces report to the Ministry of Justice, not the Ministry of Defense; the National Public Security Force (Forca Nacional de Seguranca Publica or SENASP) is a national police force made up of Military Police from various states; the armed forces also have some domestic security responsibilities and report to the Ministry of Defense

Brazil has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments (2022)" + "text": "the origins of Brazil's military stretch back to the 1640s

the three national police forces – the Federal Police, Federal Highway Police, and Federal Railway Police – have domestic security responsibilities and report to the Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Ministry of Justice); there are two distinct units within the state police forces: the civil police, which performs an investigative role, and the military police, charged with maintaining law and order in the states and the Federal District; despite the name, military police forces report to the Ministry of Justice, not the Ministry of Defense; the National Public Security Force (Forca Nacional de Seguranca Publica or SENASP) is a national police force made up of Military Police from various states; the armed forces also have some domestic security responsibilities and report to the Ministry of Defense

Brazil has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of Brazil are a risk for armed robbery against ships; in 2021, three attacks against commercial vessels were reported, a decrease from the seven attacks in 2020; all of these occurred in the port of Macapa while ships were berthed or at anchor" diff --git a/south-america/ci.json b/south-america/ci.json index e7410010..257c621f 100644 --- a/south-america/ci.json +++ b/south-america/ci.json @@ -465,13 +465,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "1.267 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.29 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "4.744 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "1.6 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "29.42 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "29.42 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { @@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Richard H. GLENN (since August 2020)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Richard H. GLENN (since August 2020)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Avenida Andres Bello 2800, Las Condes, Santiago" diff --git a/south-america/co.json b/south-america/co.json index 4ab3599c..cc31d793 100644 --- a/south-america/co.json +++ b/south-america/co.json @@ -498,13 +498,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "3.49 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.61 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "3.73 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.3 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "6.391 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "21 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { @@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Francisco L. PALMIERI (since 1 June 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Francisco L. PALMIERI (since 1 June 2022)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Carrera 45, No. 24B-27, Bogota" diff --git a/south-america/uy.json b/south-america/uy.json index 22a72857..3d1aba99 100644 --- a/south-america/uy.json +++ b/south-america/uy.json @@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jennifer SAVAGE (since 20 January 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Jennifer SAVAGE (since 20 January 2021)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo 11200" diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index bedfd94b..f95cb6c8 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d’Affaires: Ian McCARY (since August 2021); note – since 15 August 2021, the United States has not yet made a decision whether to recognize the Taliban or any other entity as the Government of Afghanistan" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires: Ian McCARY (since August 2021); note – since 15 August 2021, the United States has not yet made a decision whether to recognize the Taliban or any other entity as the Government of Afghanistan" }, "embassy": { "text": "Embassy Kabul, operations have been suspended; Department of State’s Afghanistan Affairs Unit operates from Doha, Qatar.

 

 

 

 

" diff --git a/south-asia/bg.json b/south-asia/bg.json index 97b5a968..e9162634 100644 --- a/south-asia/bg.json +++ b/south-asia/bg.json @@ -511,13 +511,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "3.6 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "3.6 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "770 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "770 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "31.5 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "31.5 billion cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { diff --git a/south-asia/bt.json b/south-asia/bt.json index 6b8e0f92..3676fafa 100644 --- a/south-asia/bt.json +++ b/south-asia/bt.json @@ -418,13 +418,13 @@ }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { - "text": "17 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "20 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "industrial": { - "text": "3 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "3 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" }, "agricultural": { - "text": "318 million cubic meters (2017 est.)" + "text": "320 million cubic meters (2019 est.)" } }, "Total renewable water resources": { @@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament or Chi Tshog consists of:
non-partisan National Council or Gyelyong Tshogde (25 seats; 20 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 5 members appointed by the king; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly or Tshogdu (47 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies in a two-round majoritarian voting system; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "
National Council election last held on 20 April 2018 (next to be held in 2023)
National Assembly - first round held on 15 September 2018 and second round held on 18 October 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" + "text": "
National Council election last held on 20 April 2018 (next to be held in April 2023)
National Assembly - first round held on 15 September 2018 and second round held on 18 October 2018 (next to be held in 2023)" }, "election results": { "text": "
National Council - seats by party - independent 20 (all candidates ran as independents); composition - men 23, women 2, percent of women 8%
National Assembly - first round - percent of vote by party - DNT 31.9%, DPT 30.9%, PDP 27.4%, BKP 9.8%; second round - percent of vote by party -  NA; seats by party - DNT 30, DPT 17; composition - men 40, women 7, percent of women 14.9%; note - total Parliament percent of women 12.5%" diff --git a/south-asia/in.json b/south-asia/in.json index cf607867..d7c2b5fb 100644 --- a/south-asia/in.json +++ b/south-asia/in.json @@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Patricia A. LACINA (since 9 September 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Patricia A. LACINA (since 9 September 2021)" }, "embassy": { "text": "Shantipath, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi - 110021" @@ -1352,7 +1352,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "92,131 (Sri Lanka), 72,315 (Tibet/China), 64,380 (Burma), 10,064 (Afghanistan) (mid-year 2022)" + "text": "92,131 (Sri Lanka), 72,315 (Tibet/China), 64,380 (Burma) (refugees and asylum seekers), 10,064 (Afghanistan) (mid-year 2022)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "506,000 (armed conflict and intercommunal violence) (2021)" diff --git a/south-asia/np.json b/south-asia/np.json index 0105d361..e53b88f5 100644 --- a/south-asia/np.json +++ b/south-asia/np.json @@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral Federal Parliament consists of:
National Assembly (59 seats; 56 members, including at least 3 women, 1 Dalit, 1 member with disabilities, or 1 minority indirectly elected by an electoral college of state and municipal government leaders, and 3 members, including 1 woman, nominated by the president of Nepal on the recommendation of the government; members serve 5-year terms with renewal of one-third of the membership every 2 years)
House of Representatives (275 seats; 165 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 110 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed-list proportional representation vote, with a threshold of 3% overall valid vote to be allocated a seat; members serve 5-year terms); note - the House of Representatives was dissolved on 22 May 2021, but on 13 July, the Supreme Court directed its reinstatement" + "text": "bicameral Federal Parliament consists of:
National Assembly (59 seats; 56 members, including at least 3 women, 1 Dalit, 1 member with disabilities, or 1 minority indirectly elected by an electoral college of state and municipal government leaders, and 3 members, including 1 woman, nominated by the president of Nepal on the recommendation of the government; members serve 6-year terms with renewal of one-third of the membership every 2 years)
House of Representatives (275 seats; 165 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 110 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed-list proportional representation vote, with a threshold of 3% overall valid vote to be allocated a seat; members serve 5-year terms); note - the House of Representatives was dissolved on 22 May 2021, but on 13 July, the Supreme Court directed its reinstatement" }, "elections": { "text": "
2022: National Assembly - last held on 26 January 2022 (next to be held in 2024)

2022: House of Representatives - last held on 20 November 2022 (next to be held in November 2027)
2017: House of Representatives held on 26 November and 7 December 2017" diff --git a/south-asia/pk.json b/south-asia/pk.json index 687e307f..8434a9fc 100644 --- a/south-asia/pk.json +++ b/south-asia/pk.json @@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament or Majlis-e-Shoora consists of:
Senate (100 seats; members indirectly elected by the 4 provincial assemblies and the territories' representatives by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)
National Assembly (342 seats; 272 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 70 members - 60 women and 10 non-Muslims - directly elected by proportional representation vote; all members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "
Senate - last held on 3 March 2021 (next to be held in March 2024)
National Assembly - last held on 25 July 2018 (next to be held on 25 July 2023)" + "text": "
Senate - last held on 3 March 2021 (next to be held in March 2024)
National Assembly - last held on 25 July 2018 (next to be held in July 2023)" }, "election results": { "text": "
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PTI 25, PPP 21, PML-N 18, BAP 13, JU-F 5, other 13, independent 5; composition - men 81, women 19, percent of women 19%

National Assembly - percent of votes by party - NA; seats by party - PTI 156, PML-N 83, PPP 55, MMA 16, MQM-P 7, BAP 5, PML-Q 5, BNP 4, GDA 3, AML 1, ANP 1, JWP 1, independent 4; composition - men 272, women 70, percent of women 20.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20.1%" @@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Angela AGGELER" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Angela AGGELER" }, "embassy": { "text": "Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad" diff --git a/world/xx.json b/world/xx.json index 1d4ac340..6dcd54a9 100644 --- a/world/xx.json +++ b/world/xx.json @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ }, "Geography": { "Geographic overview": { - "text": "

The surface of the Earth is approximately 70.9% water and 29.1% land. The former portion is divided into large bodies termed oceans. The World Factbook recognizes and describes five oceans, which are in decreasing order of size: the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean. Because of their immense size, the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans are generally divided at the equator into the North and South Pacific Oceans and the North and South Atlantic Oceans, thus creating seven major water bodies - the so-called \"Seven Seas.\"

Some 97.5% of the Earth's water is saltwater. Of the 2.5% that is fresh, about two-thirds is frozen mostly locked up in the Antarctic ice sheets and mountain glaciers worldwide. If all the surface ice on earth fully melted, the sea level would rise about 70 m (230 ft).

In a 100-year period, a water molecule spends 98 years in the ocean, 20 months as ice, about two weeks in lakes and rivers, and less than a week in the atmosphere. Groundwater can take 50 years to just traverse 1 km (0.6 mi).

Earth's land portion is generally divided into several, large, discrete landmasses termed continents. Depending on the convention used, the number of continents can vary from five to seven. The most common classification recognizes seven, which are (from largest to smallest): Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. Asia and Europe are sometimes lumped together into a Eurasian continent resulting in six continents. Alternatively, North and South America are sometimes grouped as simply the Americas, resulting in a continent total of six (or five, if the Eurasia designation is used).

North America is commonly understood to include the island of Greenland, the isles of the Caribbean, and to extend south all the way to the Isthmus of Panama. The easternmost extent of Europe is generally defined as being the Ural Mountains and the Ural River; on the southeast the Caspian Sea; and on the south the Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea, and the Mediterranean. Portions of five countries - Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey - fall within both Europe and Asia, but in every instance the larger section is in Asia. These countries are considered part of both continents. Armenia and Cyprus, which lie completely in Western Asia, are geopolitically European countries.

Asia usually incorporates all the islands of the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The islands of the Pacific are often lumped with Australia into a \"land mass\" termed Oceania or Australasia. Africa's northeast extremity is frequently delimited at the Isthmus of Suez, but for geopolitical purposes, the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula is often included as part of Africa.

Although the above groupings are the most common, different continental dispositions are recognized or taught in certain parts of the world, with some arrangements more heavily based on cultural spheres rather than physical geographic considerations.

Based on the seven-continent model, and grouping islands with adjacent continents, Africa has the most countries with 54. Europe contains 49 countries and Asia 48, but these two continents share five countries: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey. North America consists of 23 sovereign states, Oceania has 14, and South America 12.

countries by continent: Africa (54): Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe;

Europe (49): Albania, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan*, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia*, Germany, Greece, Holy See (Vatican City), Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan*, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia*, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey*, Ukraine, United Kingdom (* indicates part of the country is also in Asia);

Asia (48): Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan*, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Georgia*, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan*, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Russia*, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkey*, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen (* indicates part of the country is also in Europe);

North America (23): Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States;

Oceania (14): Australia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu;

South America (12): Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela

Three of the states described above – France, Netherlands, and the United Kingdom – consist of smaller political entities that are referred to as countries. France considers French Polynesia an overseas country; the Kingdom of the Netherlands refers to all four of its constituent parts (Netherlands [proper], and the islands of Aruba, Curacao, and Sint Maarten) as countries; and the United Kingdom comprises the countries of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. While not recognized as sovereign states, The World Factbook does includes descriptive entries for the French and Dutch island \"countries.\"

the world from space: Earth is the only planet in the Solar System to have water in its three states of matter: liquid (oceans, lakes, and rivers), solid (ice), and gas (water vapor in clouds); from a distance, Earth would be the brightest of the eight planets in the Solar System; this luminous effect would be because of the sunlight reflected by the planet's water

Earth is also the only planet in the Solar System known to be active with earthquakes and volcanoes; these events form the landscape, replenish carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and erase impact craters caused by meteors

Earth has a slight equatorial bulge - a difference between its equatorial and polar diameters - because of the centrifugal force exerted by the rotation of the planet about its axis. The equatorial diameter is 12,756 km, but the polar diameter is 12,714 km. This results in the Earth's circumference at the equator being 40,075 km, while the polar circumference is 40,008 km.

" + "text": "

The surface of the Earth is approximately 70.9% water and 29.1% land. The former portion is divided into large bodies termed oceans. The World Factbook recognizes and describes five oceans, which are in decreasing order of size: the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean. Because of their immense size, the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans are generally divided at the equator into the North and South Pacific Oceans and the North and South Atlantic Oceans, thus creating seven major water bodies - the so-called \"Seven Seas.\"

Some 97.5% of the Earth's water is saltwater. Of the 2.5% that is fresh, about two-thirds is frozen mostly locked up in the Antarctic ice sheets and mountain glaciers worldwide. If all the surface ice on earth fully melted, the sea level would rise about 70 m (230 ft).

In a 100-year period, a water molecule spends 98 years in the ocean, 20 months as ice, about two weeks in lakes and rivers, and less than a week in the atmosphere. Groundwater can take 50 years to just traverse 1 km (0.6 mi).

Earth's land portion is generally divided into several, large, discrete landmasses termed continents. Depending on the convention used, the number of continents can vary from five to seven. The most common classification recognizes seven, which are (from largest to smallest): Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. Asia and Europe are sometimes lumped together into a Eurasian continent resulting in six continents. Alternatively, North and South America are sometimes grouped as simply the Americas, resulting in a continent total of six (or five, if the Eurasia designation is used).

North America is commonly understood to include the island of Greenland, the isles of the Caribbean, and to extend south all the way to the Isthmus of Panama. The easternmost extent of Europe is generally defined as being the Ural Mountains and the Ural River; on the southeast the Caspian Sea; and on the south the Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea, and the Mediterranean. Portions of five countries - Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey - fall within both Europe and Asia, but in every instance the larger section is in Asia. These countries are considered part of both continents. Armenia and Cyprus, which lie completely in Western Asia, are geopolitically European countries.

Asia usually incorporates all the islands of the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The islands of the Pacific are often lumped with Australia into a \"land mass\" termed Oceania or Australasia. Africa's northeast extremity is frequently delimited at the Isthmus of Suez, but for geopolitical purposes, the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula is often included as part of Africa.

Although the above groupings are the most common, different continental dispositions are recognized or taught in certain parts of the world, with some arrangements more heavily based on cultural spheres rather than physical geographic considerations.

Based on the seven-continent model, and grouping islands with adjacent continents, Africa has the most countries with 54. Europe contains 49 countries and Asia 48, but these two continents share five countries: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey. North America consists of 23 sovereign states, Oceania has 14, and South America 12.

countries by continent: Africa (54): Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe;

Europe (49): Albania, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan*, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia*, Germany, Greece, Holy See (Vatican City), Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan*, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia*, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey*, Ukraine, United Kingdom (* indicates part of the country is also in Asia);

Asia (48): Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan*, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Georgia*, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan*, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Russia*, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkey*, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen (* indicates part of the country is also in Europe);

North America (23): Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States;

Oceania (14): Australia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu;

South America (12): Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Three of the states described above – France, Netherlands, and the United Kingdom – consist of smaller political entities that are referred to as countries. France considers French Polynesia an overseas country; the Kingdom of the Netherlands refers to all four of its constituent parts (Netherlands [proper], and the islands of Aruba, Curacao, and Sint Maarten) as countries; and the United Kingdom comprises the countries of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. While not recognized as sovereign states, The World Factbook does includes descriptive entries for the French and Dutch island \"countries.\"

the world from space: Earth is the only planet in the Solar System to have water in its three states of matter: liquid (oceans, lakes, and rivers), solid (ice), and gas (water vapor in clouds). From a distance, Earth would be the brightest of the eight planets in the Solar System; this luminous effect would be because of the sunlight reflected by the planet's water.

Earth is also the only planet in the Solar System known to be active with earthquakes and volcanoes due to plate tectonics; these events form the landscape, replenish carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and erase impact craters caused by meteors.

Earth has a slight equatorial bulge - a difference between its equatorial and polar diameters - because of the centrifugal force exerted by the rotation of the planet about its axis. The equatorial diameter is 12,756 km, but the polar diameter is 12,714 km; this results in the Earth's circumference at the equator being 40,075 km, while the polar circumference is 40,008 km.

" }, "Map references": { "text": "Physical Map of the World" @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ }, "Natural hazards": { "text": "

large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones); natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions)

volcanism: volcanism is a fundamental driver and consequence of plate tectonics, the physical process reshaping the Earth's lithosphere; the world is home to more than 1,500 potentially active volcanoes, with over 500 of these having erupted in historical times; an estimated 500 million people live near these volcanoes; associated dangers include lava flows, lahars (mudflows), pyroclastic flows, ash clouds, ash fall, ballistic projectiles, gas emissions, landslides, earthquakes, and tsunamis; in the 1990s, the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, created a list of 16 Decade Volcanoes worthy of special study because of their great potential for destruction: Avachinsky-Koryaksky (Russia), Colima (Mexico), Etna (Italy), Galeras (Colombia), Mauna Loa (United States), Merapi (Indonesia), Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of the Congo), Rainier (United States), Sakurajima (Japan), Santa Maria (Guatemala), Santorini (Greece), Taal (Philippines), Teide (Spain), Ulawun (Papua New Guinea), Unzen (Japan), Vesuvius (Italy); see second note under \"Geography - note\"

", - "note": "Volcano superlatives: 

longest erupting volcano: Santa Maria volcano in Guatemala has been constantly erupting since 22 June 1922; note - the Yasur volcano on Tanna Island in Vanuatu was observed to be erupting by Captain Cook in 1774 and has been in constant activity since then, but it is not cited since it has no clear start date; research (tephra stratigraphy and radiocarbon dating) shows that activity may have begun on Yasur ca. A.D. 1270 and so has persisted for over 750 years

highest volcano (above sea level): Nevado Ojos del Salado (6,879 m; 22,569 ft) on the Chile-Argentina border is the World's highest volcano above sea level and the highest peak in Chile

highest volcano (from base):" + "note": "Volcano statistics and superlatives: 

countries with the most volcanoes (Holocene Epoch, the past 12,000 years): United States (162), Japan (122), Indonesia (120), Russia (117), Chile (91); note - roughly 1,350 volcanoes have erupted over this time period; about 40-50 eruptions are ongoing at any one time; the frequency of volcanoes has not increased

longest erupting volcano: Santa Maria volcano in Guatemala has been constantly erupting since 22 June 1922; note - the Yasur volcano on Tanna Island in Vanuatu was observed to be erupting by Captain Cook in 1774 and has been in constant activity since then, but it is not cited since it has no clear start date; research (tephra stratigraphy and radiocarbon dating) shows that activity may have begun on Yasur ca. A.D. 1270 and so has persisted for over 750 years

highest volcano (above sea level): Nevado Ojos del Salado (6,893 m; 22,615 ft) on the Chile-Argentina border is the World's highest volcano above sea level and the highest peak in Chile

highest volcano (from base): Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m
" }, "Geography - note": { "text": "

note 1: the world is now thought to be about 4.55 billion years old, just about one-third of the 13.8-billion-year age estimated for the universe; the earliest widely accepted date for life appearing on earth is 3.48 billion years ago, but this date is conservative and may get pushed back further

note 2: although earthquakes can strike anywhere at any time, the vast majority occur in three large zones of the earth; the world's greatest earthquake belt, the Circum-Pacific Belt (popularly referred to as the Ring of Fire), is the zone of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; about 90% of the world's earthquakes (81% of the largest earthquakes) and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire; the belt extends northward from Chile, along the South American coast, through Central America, Mexico, the western US, southern Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, to Japan, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, island groups in the southwestern Pacific, and New Zealand

the second prominent belt, the Alpide, extends from Java to Sumatra, northward along the mountains of Burma, then eastward through the Himalayas, the Mediterranean, and out into the Atlantic Ocean; it accounts for about 17% of the world's largest earthquakes; the third important belt follows the long Mid-Atlantic Ridge

note 3: information on the origin sites for many of the world's major food crops may be found in the \"Geography - note\" for the following countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, China, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, and the United States

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