From 15d42617785f3c6731b239fb212c23f987c3d3a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LukasiJan-komo Date: Sun, 17 May 2026 17:23:28 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 01/11] fix: replace broken CIA country-data-codes link with working archive --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 3d24e78f..794488aa 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ For example, to request the country profile (data) for Germany (`gm`) using the ### Q: Why not just use the ISO country codes? Not a bug, a feature request. A: The factbook has many more entities / countries than ISO and sometimes with a different definition - -it's NOT an easy 1:1 mapping, see [Cross-Reference List of Country Data Codes](https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/references/country-data-codes/). +it's NOT an easy 1:1 mapping, see [Cross-Reference List of Country Data Codes](https://simonw.github.io/cia-world-factbook-2020/appendix/appendix-d.html). ### Q: I noticed that you've got Zambian data under ZA for the African region... It should be South African data... From f0196fcd9a1f1f83f1371d6d99b952e81b352983 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LukasiJan-komo Date: Sun, 17 May 2026 17:44:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 02/11] chore: move am.json from Middle East to Central Asia (fixes #18) --- central-asia/am.json | 1144 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1144 insertions(+) create mode 100644 central-asia/am.json diff --git a/central-asia/am.json b/central-asia/am.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ee54068a --- /dev/null +++ b/central-asia/am.json @@ -0,0 +1,1144 @@ +{ + "Introduction": { + "Background": { + "text": "

Armenia prides itself on being the first state to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Armenia has existed as a political entity for centuries, but for much of its history it was under the sway of various empires, including the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, Ottoman, and Russian. During World War I, the Ottoman Empire instituted a policy of forced resettlement that, coupled with other harsh practices targeting its Armenian subjects, resulted in at least 1 million deaths; these actions have been widely recognized as constituting genocide. During the early 19th century, significant Armenian populations fell under Russian rule. Armenia declared its independence in 1918 in the wake of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, but it was conquered by the Soviet Red Army in 1920. Armenia, along with Azerbaijan and Georgia, was initially incorporated into the USSR as part of the Transcaucasian Federated Soviet Socialist Republic; in 1936, the republic was separated into its three constituent entities, which were maintained until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

For over three decades, Armenia had a longstanding conflict with neighboring Azerbaijan about the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh region, which historically had a mixed Armenian and Azerbaijani population, although ethnic Armenians have constituted the majority since the late 19th century. In 1921, Moscow placed Nagorno-Karabakh within Soviet Azerbaijan as an autonomous oblast. In the late Soviet period, a separatist movement developed that sought to end Azerbaijani control over the region. Fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh began in 1988 and escalated after Armenia and Azerbaijan declared independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By the time a cease-fire took effect in 1994, separatists with Armenian support controlled Nagorno‑Karabakh and seven surrounding Azerbaijani territories. Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in a second military conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020; Armenia lost control over much of the territory it had previously captured, returning the southern part of Nagorno-Karabakh and the territories around it to Azerbaijan. In September 2023, Azerbaijan took military action to regain control over Nagorno-Karabakh; after an armed conflict that lasted only one day, nearly the entire ethnic Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh fled to Armenia.

Turkey closed its border with Armenia in 1993 in support of Azerbaijan during the first period of conflict with Armenia and has since maintained a closed border, leaving Armenia with closed borders both in the west (with Turkey) and east (with Azerbaijan). Armenia and Turkey engaged in intensive diplomacy to normalize relations and open the border in 2009, but the signed agreement was not ratified in either country. In 2015, Armenia joined the Eurasian Economic Union alongside Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. In 2017, Armenia signed a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with the EU.

In 2018, former President of Armenia (2008-18) Serzh SARGSIAN of the Republican Party of Armenia (RPA) tried to extend his time in power, prompting protests that became known as the “Velvet Revolution.” After SARGSIAN resigned, the National Assembly elected the leader of the protests, Civil Contract party chief Nikol PASHINYAN, as the new prime minister. PASHINYAN’s party has prevailed in subsequent legislative elections, most recently in 2021. 

" + } + }, + "Geography": { + "Location": { + "text": "Southwestern Asia, between Turkey (to the west) and Azerbaijan; note - Armenia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both" + }, + "Geographic coordinates": { + "text": "40 00 N, 45 00 E" + }, + "Map references": { + "text": "Asia" + }, + "Area": { + "total ": { + "text": "29,743 sq km" + }, + "land": { + "text": "28,203 sq km" + }, + "water": { + "text": "1,540 sq km" + } + }, + "Area - comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" + }, + "Land boundaries": { + "total": { + "text": "1,570 km" + }, + "border countries": { + "text": "Azerbaijan 996 km; Georgia 219 km; Iran 44 km; Turkey 311 km" + } + }, + "Coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)" + }, + "Maritime claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "Climate": { + "text": "highland continental, hot summers, cold winters" + }, + "Terrain": { + "text": "Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley" + }, + "Elevation": { + "highest point": { + "text": "Aragats Lerrnagagat' 4,090 m" + }, + "lowest point": { + "text": "Debed River 400 m" + }, + "mean elevation": { + "text": "1,792 m" + } + }, + "Natural resources": { + "text": "small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, bauxite" + }, + "Land use": { + "agricultural land": { + "text": "58.6% (2023 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 15.7% (2023 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.2% (2023 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 41.5% (2023 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "11.8% (2023 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "13.5% (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Irrigated land": { + "text": "1,559 sq km (2022)" + }, + "Major lakes (area sq km)": { + "fresh water lake(s)": { + "text": "Lake Sevan - 1,360 sq km" + } + }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than five times as many people as Gyumri, the second-largest city in the country" + }, + "Natural hazards": { + "text": "occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts" + }, + "Geography - note": { + "text": "landlocked in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains; Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan) is the largest lake in this mountain range" + } + }, + "People and Society": { + "Population": { + "total": { + "text": "2,963,837 (2025 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "1,451,842" + }, + "female": { + "text": "1,511,995" + } + }, + "Nationality": { + "noun": { + "text": "Armenian(s)" + }, + "adjective": { + "text": "Armenian" + } + }, + "Ethnic groups": { + "text": "Armenian 98.1%, Yezidi 1.1%; less than 1%: Russian, other, Assyrian, Kurd, Ukrainian, Greek (2022 est.)" + }, + "Languages": { + "Languages": { + "text": "Armenian 97.2%, Russian 1.4%, Ezidian 1.0%; less than 1%: other, unknown (2022)" + }, + "major-language sample(s)": { + "text": "
Աշխարհի Փաստագիրք, Անփոխարինելի Աղբյւր Հիմնական Տեղեկատվւթյան. (Armenian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." + } + }, + "Religions": { + "text": "Armenian Apostolic 95.2%, not stated 1.7%; less than 1%: Catholic, no religion, Evangelical, Shar-fadinian, other, Armenian Orthodox, Jehovah's Witness, Pagan, Molokan (2022 est.)" + }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "17.7% (male 275,589/female 250,630)" + }, + "15-64 years": { + "text": "67% (male 991,490/female 1,004,101)" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "15.3% (2024 est.) (male 189,336/female 265,619)" + } + }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "50.4 (2025 est.)" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "26.1 (2025 est.)" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "24.3 (2025 est.)" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "4.1 (2025 est.)" + } + }, + "Median age": { + "total": { + "text": "39.5 years (2025 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "37.6 years" + }, + "female": { + "text": "40.3 years" + } + }, + "Population growth rate": { + "text": "-0.45% (2025 est.)" + }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "10.24 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "9.6 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)" + }, + "Net migration rate": { + "text": "-5.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)" + }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than five times as many people as Gyumri, the second-largest city in the country" + }, + "Urbanization": { + "urban population": { + "text": "63.7% of total population (2023)" + }, + "rate of urbanization": { + "text": "0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" + } + }, + "Major urban areas - population": { + "text": "1.095 million YEREVAN (capital) (2023)" + }, + "Sex ratio": { + "at birth": { + "text": "1.07 male(s)/female" + }, + "0-14 years": { + "text": "1.1 male(s)/female" + }, + "15-64 years": { + "text": "0.99 male(s)/female" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "0.71 male(s)/female" + }, + "total population": { + "text": "0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)" + } + }, + "Mother's mean age at first birth": { + "text": "25.2 years (2019 est.)" + }, + "Maternal mortality ratio": { + "text": "19 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)" + }, + "Infant mortality rate": { + "total": { + "text": "11.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "13.1 deaths/1,000 live births" + }, + "female": { + "text": "10 deaths/1,000 live births" + } + }, + "Life expectancy at birth": { + "total population": { + "text": "76.7 years (2024 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "73.4 years" + }, + "female": { + "text": "80.1 years" + } + }, + "Total fertility rate": { + "text": "1.66 children born/woman (2025 est.)" + }, + "Gross reproduction rate": { + "text": "0.8 (2025 est.)" + }, + "Drinking water source": { + "improved: urban": { + "text": "urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "improved: rural": { + "text": "rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "improved: total": { + "text": "total: 100% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "unimproved: urban": { + "text": "urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "unimproved: rural": { + "text": "rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "unimproved: total": { + "text": "total: 0% of population (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Health expenditure": { + "Health expenditure (as % of GDP)": { + "text": "12.3% of GDP (2021)" + }, + "Health expenditure (as % of national budget)": { + "text": "6.5% of national budget (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Physician density": { + "text": "3.36 physicians/1,000 population (2022)" + }, + "Hospital bed density": { + "text": "4.6 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)" + }, + "Sanitation facility access": { + "improved: urban": { + "text": "urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "improved: rural": { + "text": "rural: 84.6% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "improved: total": { + "text": "total: 94.4% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "unimproved: urban": { + "text": "urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "unimproved: rural": { + "text": "rural: 15.4% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "unimproved: total": { + "text": "total: 5.6% of population (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { + "text": "20.2% (2016)" + }, + "Alcohol consumption per capita": { + "total": { + "text": "3.77 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" + }, + "beer": { + "text": "0.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" + }, + "wine": { + "text": "0.46 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" + }, + "spirits": { + "text": "2.78 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" + }, + "other alcohols": { + "text": "0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" + } + }, + "Tobacco use": { + "total": { + "text": "21.5% (2025 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "47.6% (2025 est.)" + }, + "female": { + "text": "1.6% (2025 est.)" + } + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "2.6% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "61.5% (2022 est.)" + }, + "Child marriage": { + "women married by age 15": { + "text": "0% (2016)" + }, + "women married by age 18": { + "text": "5.3% (2016)" + }, + "men married by age 18": { + "text": "0.4% (2016)" + } + }, + "Education expenditure": { + "Education expenditure (% GDP)": { + "text": "2.4% of GDP (2023 est.)" + }, + "Education expenditure (% national budget)": { + "text": "8.7% national budget (2025 est.)" + } + }, + "Literacy": { + "total population": { + "text": "99.8% (2023 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "99.8% (2023 est.)" + }, + "female": { + "text": "99.9% (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { + "total": { + "text": "14 years (2023 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "14 years (2023 est.)" + }, + "female": { + "text": "14 years (2023 est.)" + } + } + }, + "Environment": { + "Environmental issues": { + "text": "soil pollution from toxic chemicals; deforestation; river pollution; threats to drinking water supplies from use of hydropower; nuclear power plant located in earthquake zone" + }, + "International environmental agreements": { + "party to": { + "text": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands" + }, + "signed, but not ratified": { + "text": "Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants" + } + }, + "Climate": { + "text": "highland continental, hot summers, cold winters" + }, + "Land use": { + "agricultural land": { + "text": "58.6% (2023 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 15.7% (2023 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 2.2% (2023 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 41.5% (2023 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "11.8% (2023 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "13.5% (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Urbanization": { + "urban population": { + "text": "63.7% of total population (2023)" + }, + "rate of urbanization": { + "text": "0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" + } + }, + "Carbon dioxide emissions": { + "total emissions": { + "text": "7.144 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" + }, + "from coal and metallurgical coke": { + "text": "48,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" + }, + "from petroleum and other liquids": { + "text": "1.934 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" + }, + "from consumed natural gas": { + "text": "5.162 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "28.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)" + }, + "Waste and recycling": { + "municipal solid waste generated annually": { + "text": "492,800 tons (2024 est.)" + }, + "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { + "text": "13.5% (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Total water withdrawal": { + "municipal": { + "text": "542 million cubic meters (2022)" + }, + "industrial": { + "text": "150 million cubic meters (2022)" + }, + "agricultural": { + "text": "2.38 billion cubic meters (2022)" + } + }, + "Total renewable water resources": { + "text": "7.769 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Government": { + "Country name": { + "conventional long form": { + "text": "Republic of Armenia" + }, + "conventional short form": { + "text": "Armenia" + }, + "local long form": { + "text": "Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun" + }, + "local short form": { + "text": "Hayastan" + }, + "former": { + "text": "Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "the etymology of the country's name remains obscure; according to tradition, the local name for the country, Hayastan, comes from Hayk, the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and the great-great-grandson of Noah; the name Armenia was first recorded in a rock inscription from A.D. 521 in modern-day Iran" + } + }, + "Government type": { + "text": "parliamentary democracy; note - constitutional changes adopted in December 2015 transformed the government to a parliamentary system" + }, + "Capital": { + "name": { + "text": "Yerevan" + }, + "geographic coordinates": { + "text": "40 10 N, 44 30 E" + }, + "time difference": { + "text": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "name origin is unclear; it may derive from the name of a local ethnic group, or from the ancient fortress of Erebuni that was built on the current site of Yerevan in 782 B.C." + } + }, + "Administrative divisions": { + "text": "11 provinces (marzer, singular - marz); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan" + }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, + "Constitution": { + "history": { + "text": "previous 1915, 1978; latest adopted 5 July 1995" + }, + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires approval by the president, the National Assembly, and a referendum with at least 25% registered-voter participation and more than 50% of votes; constitutional articles on the form of government and democratic procedures are not amendable" + } + }, + "International law organization participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "Citizenship": { + "citizenship by birth": { + "text": "no" + }, + "citizenship by descent only": { + "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Armenia" + }, + "dual citizenship recognized": { + "text": "yes" + }, + "residency requirement for naturalization": { + "text": "3 years" + } + }, + "Suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "Executive branch": { + "chief of state": { + "text": "President Vahagn KHACHATURYAN (since 13 March 2022)" + }, + "head of government": { + "text": "Prime Minister Nikol PASHINYAN (since 10 September 2021)" + }, + "cabinet": { + "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister" + }, + "election/appointment process": { + "text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly in 3 rounds, if needed, for a single 7-year term; prime minister indirectly elected by majority vote in two rounds, if needed, by the National Assembly" + }, + "most recent election date": { + "text": "3 March 2022" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
2022: Vahagn KHACHATURYAN elected president in second round; note - Vahagn KHACHATURYAN (independent) ran unopposed and won the Assembly vote 71-0

2018: Armen SARKISSIAN elected president in first round; note - Armen SARKISSIAN (indpendent) ran unopposed and won the Assembly vote 90-10" + }, + "expected date of next election": { + "text": "2029" + } + }, + "Legislative branch": { + "legislature name": { + "text": "National Assembly (Azgayin Zhoghov)" + }, + "legislative structure": { + "text": "unicameral" + }, + "number of seats": { + "text": "107 (all directly elected)" + }, + "electoral system": { + "text": "proportional representation" + }, + "scope of elections": { + "text": "full renewal" + }, + "term in office": { + "text": "5 years" + }, + "most recent election date": { + "text": "6/20/2021" + }, + "parties elected and seats per party": { + "text": "Civil Contract Party (71); Armenia Alliance (29); I Have the Honour Alliance (7)" + }, + "percentage of women in chamber": { + "text": "38.3%" + }, + "expected date of next election": { + "text": "June 2026" + }, + "note": "note 1: additional seats allocated as necessary; the numbers usually change with each parliamentary convocation

note 2: four mandates are reserved for national minorities; no more than 70% of the top membership of a party list can belong to the same sex; political parties must meet a 5% threshold and alliances a 7% threshold to win seats; at least three parties must be seated in the Parliament" + }, + "Judicial branch": { + "highest court(s)": { + "text": "Court of Cassation or Appeals Court (consists of the Criminal Chamber with a chairman and 5 judges and the Civil and Administrative Chamber with a chairman and 10 judges – with both civil and administrative specializations); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)" + }, + "judge selection and term of office": { + "text": "Court of Cassation judges nominated by the Supreme Judicial Council, a 10-member body of selected judges and legal scholars; judges appointed by the president; judges can serve until age 65; Constitutional Court judges - 4 appointed by the president, and 5 elected by the National Assembly; judges can serve until age 70" + }, + "subordinate courts": { + "text": "criminal and civil appellate courts; administrative appellate court; first instance courts; specialized administrative and bankruptcy courts" + } + }, + "Political parties": { + "text": "Armenia Alliance or HD
Armenian National Congress or ANC
Bright Armenia or BA
Civil Contract or KP
Hanrapetutyun Party or HP
Heritage
I Have Honor Alliance (formerly known as the Republican Party of Armenia) PUD
Orinats Yerkir or OY
Prosperous Armenia or PAP" + }, + "Diplomatic representation in the US": { + "chief of mission": { + "text": "Ambassador Narek MKRTCHYAN (since 19 September 2025)" + }, + "chancery": { + "text": "2225 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" + }, + "telephone": { + "text": "[1] (202) 319-1976" + }, + "FAX": { + "text": "[1] (202) 319-2982" + }, + "email address and website": { + "text": "armembassyusa@mfa.am

https://usa.mfa.am/en/" + }, + "consulate(s) general": { + "text": "Glendale (CA)" + } + }, + "Diplomatic representation from the US": { + "chief of mission": { + "text": "Ambassador Kristina A. KVIEN (since 21 February 2023)" + }, + "embassy": { + "text": "

1 American Ave., Yerevan 0082

" + }, + "mailing address": { + "text": "7020 Yerevan Place, Washington, DC  20521-7020" + }, + "telephone": { + "text": "[374] (10) 464-700" + }, + "FAX": { + "text": "[374] (10) 464-742" + }, + "email address and website": { + "text": "acsyerevan@state.gov

https://am.usembassy.gov/" + } + }, + "International organization participation": { + "text": "ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CIS, CSTO, EAEC (observer), EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "Independence": { + "text": "21 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 321 B.C. (Kingdom of Armenia established under the Orontid Dynasty), A.D. 884 (Armenian Kingdom reestablished under the Bagratid Dynasty); 1198 (Cilician Kingdom established); 28 May 1918 (Democratic Republic of Armenia declared)" + }, + "National holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 21 September (1991)" + }, + "Flag": { + "text": "description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange

meaning: red stands for the blood shed for liberty, blue for the Armenian skies and hope, and orange for the land and the courage of the workers who farm it" + }, + "National symbol(s)": { + "text": "Mount Ararat, eagle, lion" + }, + "National color(s)": { + "text": "red, blue, orange" + }, + "National anthem(s)": { + "title": { + "text": "\"Mer Hayrenik\" (Our Fatherland)" + }, + "lyrics/music": { + "text": "Mikael NALBANDIAN/Barsegh KANACHYAN" + }, + "history": { + "text": "adopted 1991; based on the anthem of the Democratic Republic of Armenia (1918-1922), but with different lyrics" + } + }, + "National heritage": { + "total World Heritage Sites": { + "text": "3 (3 cultural)" + }, + "selected World Heritage Site locales": { + "text": "Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin; Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat Valley; Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin" + } + } + }, + "Economy": { + "Economic overview": { + "text": "

upper-middle income, fast-growing Caucasus economy; stable fiscal and monetary regime but vulnerable to geopolitical shocks; economic and energy ties to Russia but seeking more EU and US trade; key copper and gold exporter; business-friendly and anti-corruption reforms; persistent unemployment; influx of migrants from Ukraine war easing

" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024": { + "text": "$60.909 billion (2024 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": { + "text": "$57.516 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": { + "text": "$53.108 billion (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data in 2021 dollars" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2024": { + "text": "5.9% (2024 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2023": { + "text": "8.3% (2023 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2022": { + "text": "12.6% (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency" + }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2024": { + "text": "$20,100 (2024 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2023": { + "text": "$19,400 (2023 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2022": { + "text": "$17,900 (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data in 2021 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$25.787 billion (2024 est.)", + "note": "note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024": { + "text": "0.3% (2024 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": { + "text": "2% (2023 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": { + "text": "8.6% (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: annual % change based on consumer prices" + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "7.9% (2024 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "23.2% (2024 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "61.5% (2024 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data" + }, + "GDP - composition, by end use": { + "household consumption": { + "text": "66.5% (2024 est.)" + }, + "government consumption": { + "text": "10.7% (2024 est.)" + }, + "investment in fixed capital": { + "text": "21.7% (2024 est.)" + }, + "investment in inventories": { + "text": "0.5% (2024 est.)" + }, + "exports of goods and services": { + "text": "76.3% (2024 est.)" + }, + "imports of goods and services": { + "text": "-75.8% (2024 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection" + }, + "Agricultural products": { + "text": "milk, potatoes, grapes, vegetables, wheat, tomatoes, watermelons, apricots, apples, barley (2023)", + "note": "note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage" + }, + "Industries": { + "text": "brandy, mining, diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machines, electric motors, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry, software, food processing" + }, + "Industrial production growth rate": { + "text": "6.2% (2024 est.)", + "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" + }, + "Labor force": { + "text": "1.51 million (2024 est.)", + "note": "note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work" + }, + "Unemployment rate": { + "Unemployment rate 2024": { + "text": "13.4% (2024 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2023": { + "text": "13.3% (2023 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2022": { + "text": "13.4% (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: % of labor force seeking employment" + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "26.2% (2024 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "24.8% (2024 est.)" + }, + "female": { + "text": "27.9% (2024 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" + }, + "Population below poverty line": { + "text": "24.8% (2022 est.)", + "note": "note: % of population with income below national poverty line" + }, + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023": { + "text": "27.2 (2023 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality" + }, + "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { + "lowest 10%": { + "text": "4% (2023 est.)" + }, + "highest 10%": { + "text": "22.9% (2023 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population" + }, + "Remittances": { + "Remittances 2024": { + "text": "4.6% of GDP (2024 est.)" + }, + "Remittances 2023": { + "text": "6% of GDP (2023 est.)" + }, + "Remittances 2022": { + "text": "10.4% of GDP (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities" + }, + "Budget": { + "revenues": { + "text": "$5.812 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "expenditures": { + "text": "$6.27 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated" + }, + "Public debt": { + "Public debt 2023": { + "text": "48.3% of GDP (2023 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" + }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "22.5% (of GDP) (2023 est.)", + "note": "note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP" + }, + "Current account balance": { + "Current account balance 2024": { + "text": "-$997.086 million (2024 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2023": { + "text": "-$556.329 million (2023 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2022": { + "text": "$64.725 million (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars" + }, + "Exports": { + "Exports 2024": { + "text": "$18.618 billion (2024 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2023": { + "text": "$14.338 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2022": { + "text": "$10.118 billion (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars" + }, + "Exports - partners": { + "text": "Russia 37%, UAE 25%, Hong Kong 7%, China 5%, Georgia 4% (2023)", + "note": "note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports" + }, + "Exports - commodities": { + "text": "gold, diamonds, copper ore, broadcasting equipment, jewelry (2023)", + "note": "note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars" + }, + "Imports": { + "Imports 2024": { + "text": "$19.087 billion (2024 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2023": { + "text": "$14.532 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2022": { + "text": "$10.265 billion (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars" + }, + "Imports - partners": { + "text": "Russia 29%, China 12%, Vietnam 6%, Georgia 5%, Iran 4% (2023)", + "note": "note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports" + }, + "Imports - commodities": { + "text": "cars, gold, diamonds, broadcasting equipment, natural gas (2023)", + "note": "note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024": { + "text": "$3.685 billion (2024 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": { + "text": "$3.607 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": { + "text": "$4.112 billion (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars" + }, + "Debt - external": { + "Debt - external 2023": { + "text": "$6.002 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: present value of external debt in current US dollars" + }, + "Exchange rates": { + "Currency": { + "text": "drams (AMD) per US dollar -" + }, + "Exchange rates 2024": { + "text": "392.73 (2024 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "392.476 (2023 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "435.666 (2022 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "503.77 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "489.009 (2020 est.)" + } + } + }, + "Energy": { + "Electricity access": { + "electrification - total population": { + "text": "100% (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Electricity": { + "installed generating capacity": { + "text": "4.265 million kW (2023 est.)" + }, + "consumption": { + "text": "7.012 billion kWh (2023 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "1.3 billion kWh (2023 est.)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "194.045 million kWh (2023 est.)" + }, + "transmission/distribution losses": { + "text": "530.327 million kWh (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Electricity generation sources": { + "fossil fuels": { + "text": "43% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" + }, + "nuclear": { + "text": "29% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" + }, + "solar": { + "text": "8.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" + }, + "hydroelectricity": { + "text": "19% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Nuclear energy": { + "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "1 (2025)" + }, + "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { + "text": "0.42GW (2025 est.)" + }, + "Percent of total electricity production": { + "text": "31.1% (2023 est.)" + }, + "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { + "text": "1 (2025)" + } + }, + "Coal": { + "production": { + "text": "300 metric tons (2023 est.)" + }, + "consumption": { + "text": "19,000 metric tons (2023 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "24 metric tons (2023 est.)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "23,000 metric tons (2023 est.)" + }, + "proven reserves": { + "text": "317 million metric tons (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Petroleum": { + "refined petroleum consumption": { + "text": "15,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Natural gas": { + "consumption": { + "text": "2.631 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "2.631 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Energy consumption per capita": { + "Total energy consumption per capita 2023": { + "text": "54.689 million Btu/person (2023 est.)" + } + } + }, + "Communications": { + "Telephones - fixed lines": { + "total subscriptions": { + "text": "297,000 (2024 est.)" + }, + "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { + "text": "10 (2024 est.)" + } + }, + "Telephones - mobile cellular": { + "total subscriptions": { + "text": "4.01 million (2024 est.)" + }, + "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { + "text": "135 (2024 est.)" + } + }, + "Broadcast media": { + "text": "government-run Public Television network operates alongside 100 privately owned TV stations that provide local to near-nationwide coverage; three Russian TV companies are broadcast under interstate agreements; subscription cable TV services are available in most regions; several major international broadcasters are available, including CNN; Armenian TV completed conversion from analog to digital broadcasting in 2016; Public Radio of Armenia is a national, state-run broadcast network that operates alongside 18 privately owned radio stations (2024)" + }, + "Internet country code": { + "text": ".am" + }, + "Internet users": { + "percent of population": { + "text": "80% (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { + "total": { + "text": "546,000 (2023 est.)" + }, + "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { + "text": "19 (2023 est.)" + } + } + }, + "Transportation": { + "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": { + "text": "EK" + }, + "Airports": { + "text": "11 (2025)" + }, + "Heliports": { + "text": "1 (2025)" + }, + "Railways": { + "total": { + "text": "686 km (2017)" + } + } + }, + "Military and Security": { + "Military and security forces": { + "text": "Armenian Republic Armed Forces: Armenian Army (includes land, air, air defense forces) (2025)", + "note": "note: the Police of the Republic of Armenia is responsible for internal security, while the National Security Service is responsible for national security, intelligence activities, and border control" + }, + "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2024": { + "text": "5.5% of GDP (2024 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2023": { + "text": "5.5% of GDP (2023 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2022": { + "text": "4.3% of GDP (2022 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2021": { + "text": "4.4% of GDP (2021 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "5% of GDP (2020 est.)" + } + }, + "Military and security service personnel strengths": { + "text": "approximately 40-50,000 active Armenian Armed Forces (2025)" + }, + "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { + "text": "the military's inventory includes mostly Russian and Soviet-era equipment; in recent years however, Armenia has looked to other countries besides Russia to provide military hardware, including France and India (2025)" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "18-27 for voluntary (men and women), contract (men and women) or compulsory (men) military service; contract military service is 3-12 months or up to 5 years; conscripts serve 24 months; all citizens aged 27-50 are registered in the military reserve and may be called to serve if mobilization is declared (2025)", + "note": "note: in 2023, Armenia approved six-month voluntary service for women, after which they have the option to switch to a five-year contract; previously, women served on a contract basis; as of 2021, women made up about 10% of the active-duty military" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "the Armenian Armed Forces were officially established in 1992, although their origins go back to 1918; the modern military’s missions include deterrence, territorial defense, crisis management, humanitarian assistance, and disaster response, as well as socio-economic development projects; territorial defense is its primary focus, particularly in regards to tensions with neighboring Azerbaijan; Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in open conflicts over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh enclave in 1991-94 and 2020; Azerbaijan seized the entire enclave in 2023 

Armenia has traditionally had close military ties with Russia; it has been a member of the Russian-led Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and committed troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force until suspending its engagement in 2024; Armenia has relations with NATO going back to 1992 when Armenia joined the North Atlantic Cooperation Council; in 1994, it joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program and has contributed to the NATO force in Kosovo, as well as the former NATO deployment in Afghanistan (2025)" + } + }, + "Transnational Issues": { + "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { + "refugees": { + "text": "145,354 (2024 est.)" + }, + "IDPs": { + "text": "4 (2024 est.)" + }, + "stateless persons": { + "text": "373 (2024 est.)" + } + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file From c09e9621332caac9cf3c3af2160ea45c4348e24d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LukasiJan-komo Date: Sun, 17 May 2026 17:44:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 03/11] chore: remove am.json from middle-east (moved to central-asia) --- middle-east/am.json | 1144 ------------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 1144 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 middle-east/am.json diff --git a/middle-east/am.json b/middle-east/am.json deleted file mode 100644 index ee54068a..00000000 --- a/middle-east/am.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1144 +0,0 @@ -{ - "Introduction": { - "Background": { - "text": "

Armenia prides itself on being the first state to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Armenia has existed as a political entity for centuries, but for much of its history it was under the sway of various empires, including the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, Ottoman, and Russian. During World War I, the Ottoman Empire instituted a policy of forced resettlement that, coupled with other harsh practices targeting its Armenian subjects, resulted in at least 1 million deaths; these actions have been widely recognized as constituting genocide. During the early 19th century, significant Armenian populations fell under Russian rule. Armenia declared its independence in 1918 in the wake of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, but it was conquered by the Soviet Red Army in 1920. Armenia, along with Azerbaijan and Georgia, was initially incorporated into the USSR as part of the Transcaucasian Federated Soviet Socialist Republic; in 1936, the republic was separated into its three constituent entities, which were maintained until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

For over three decades, Armenia had a longstanding conflict with neighboring Azerbaijan about the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh region, which historically had a mixed Armenian and Azerbaijani population, although ethnic Armenians have constituted the majority since the late 19th century. In 1921, Moscow placed Nagorno-Karabakh within Soviet Azerbaijan as an autonomous oblast. In the late Soviet period, a separatist movement developed that sought to end Azerbaijani control over the region. Fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh began in 1988 and escalated after Armenia and Azerbaijan declared independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By the time a cease-fire took effect in 1994, separatists with Armenian support controlled Nagorno‑Karabakh and seven surrounding Azerbaijani territories. Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in a second military conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020; Armenia lost control over much of the territory it had previously captured, returning the southern part of Nagorno-Karabakh and the territories around it to Azerbaijan. In September 2023, Azerbaijan took military action to regain control over Nagorno-Karabakh; after an armed conflict that lasted only one day, nearly the entire ethnic Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh fled to Armenia.

Turkey closed its border with Armenia in 1993 in support of Azerbaijan during the first period of conflict with Armenia and has since maintained a closed border, leaving Armenia with closed borders both in the west (with Turkey) and east (with Azerbaijan). Armenia and Turkey engaged in intensive diplomacy to normalize relations and open the border in 2009, but the signed agreement was not ratified in either country. In 2015, Armenia joined the Eurasian Economic Union alongside Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. In 2017, Armenia signed a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with the EU.

In 2018, former President of Armenia (2008-18) Serzh SARGSIAN of the Republican Party of Armenia (RPA) tried to extend his time in power, prompting protests that became known as the “Velvet Revolution.” After SARGSIAN resigned, the National Assembly elected the leader of the protests, Civil Contract party chief Nikol PASHINYAN, as the new prime minister. PASHINYAN’s party has prevailed in subsequent legislative elections, most recently in 2021. 

" - } - }, - "Geography": { - "Location": { - "text": "Southwestern Asia, between Turkey (to the west) and Azerbaijan; note - Armenia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both" - }, - "Geographic coordinates": { - "text": "40 00 N, 45 00 E" - }, - "Map references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "Area": { - "total ": { - "text": "29,743 sq km" - }, - "land": { - "text": "28,203 sq km" - }, - "water": { - "text": "1,540 sq km" - } - }, - "Area - comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" - }, - "Land boundaries": { - "total": { - "text": "1,570 km" - }, - "border countries": { - "text": "Azerbaijan 996 km; Georgia 219 km; Iran 44 km; Turkey 311 km" - } - }, - "Coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)" - }, - "Maritime claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "Climate": { - "text": "highland continental, hot summers, cold winters" - }, - "Terrain": { - "text": "Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley" - }, - "Elevation": { - "highest point": { - "text": "Aragats Lerrnagagat' 4,090 m" - }, - "lowest point": { - "text": "Debed River 400 m" - }, - "mean elevation": { - "text": "1,792 m" - } - }, - "Natural resources": { - "text": "small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, bauxite" - }, - "Land use": { - "agricultural land": { - "text": "58.6% (2023 est.)" - }, - "agricultural land: arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 15.7% (2023 est.)" - }, - "agricultural land: permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.2% (2023 est.)" - }, - "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 41.5% (2023 est.)" - }, - "forest": { - "text": "11.8% (2023 est.)" - }, - "other": { - "text": "13.5% (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Irrigated land": { - "text": "1,559 sq km (2022)" - }, - "Major lakes (area sq km)": { - "fresh water lake(s)": { - "text": "Lake Sevan - 1,360 sq km" - } - }, - "Population distribution": { - "text": "most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than five times as many people as Gyumri, the second-largest city in the country" - }, - "Natural hazards": { - "text": "occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts" - }, - "Geography - note": { - "text": "landlocked in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains; Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan) is the largest lake in this mountain range" - } - }, - "People and Society": { - "Population": { - "total": { - "text": "2,963,837 (2025 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "1,451,842" - }, - "female": { - "text": "1,511,995" - } - }, - "Nationality": { - "noun": { - "text": "Armenian(s)" - }, - "adjective": { - "text": "Armenian" - } - }, - "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Armenian 98.1%, Yezidi 1.1%; less than 1%: Russian, other, Assyrian, Kurd, Ukrainian, Greek (2022 est.)" - }, - "Languages": { - "Languages": { - "text": "Armenian 97.2%, Russian 1.4%, Ezidian 1.0%; less than 1%: other, unknown (2022)" - }, - "major-language sample(s)": { - "text": "
Աշխարհի Փաստագիրք, Անփոխարինելի Աղբյւր Հիմնական Տեղեկատվւթյան. (Armenian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } - }, - "Religions": { - "text": "Armenian Apostolic 95.2%, not stated 1.7%; less than 1%: Catholic, no religion, Evangelical, Shar-fadinian, other, Armenian Orthodox, Jehovah's Witness, Pagan, Molokan (2022 est.)" - }, - "Age structure": { - "0-14 years": { - "text": "17.7% (male 275,589/female 250,630)" - }, - "15-64 years": { - "text": "67% (male 991,490/female 1,004,101)" - }, - "65 years and over": { - "text": "15.3% (2024 est.) (male 189,336/female 265,619)" - } - }, - "Dependency ratios": { - "total dependency ratio": { - "text": "50.4 (2025 est.)" - }, - "youth dependency ratio": { - "text": "26.1 (2025 est.)" - }, - "elderly dependency ratio": { - "text": "24.3 (2025 est.)" - }, - "potential support ratio": { - "text": "4.1 (2025 est.)" - } - }, - "Median age": { - "total": { - "text": "39.5 years (2025 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "37.6 years" - }, - "female": { - "text": "40.3 years" - } - }, - "Population growth rate": { - "text": "-0.45% (2025 est.)" - }, - "Birth rate": { - "text": "10.24 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)" - }, - "Death rate": { - "text": "9.6 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)" - }, - "Net migration rate": { - "text": "-5.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)" - }, - "Population distribution": { - "text": "most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than five times as many people as Gyumri, the second-largest city in the country" - }, - "Urbanization": { - "urban population": { - "text": "63.7% of total population (2023)" - }, - "rate of urbanization": { - "text": "0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" - } - }, - "Major urban areas - population": { - "text": "1.095 million YEREVAN (capital) (2023)" - }, - "Sex ratio": { - "at birth": { - "text": "1.07 male(s)/female" - }, - "0-14 years": { - "text": "1.1 male(s)/female" - }, - "15-64 years": { - "text": "0.99 male(s)/female" - }, - "65 years and over": { - "text": "0.71 male(s)/female" - }, - "total population": { - "text": "0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)" - } - }, - "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "25.2 years (2019 est.)" - }, - "Maternal mortality ratio": { - "text": "19 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)" - }, - "Infant mortality rate": { - "total": { - "text": "11.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "13.1 deaths/1,000 live births" - }, - "female": { - "text": "10 deaths/1,000 live births" - } - }, - "Life expectancy at birth": { - "total population": { - "text": "76.7 years (2024 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "73.4 years" - }, - "female": { - "text": "80.1 years" - } - }, - "Total fertility rate": { - "text": "1.66 children born/woman (2025 est.)" - }, - "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.8 (2025 est.)" - }, - "Drinking water source": { - "improved: urban": { - "text": "urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "improved: rural": { - "text": "rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "improved: total": { - "text": "total: 100% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "unimproved: urban": { - "text": "urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "unimproved: rural": { - "text": "rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "unimproved: total": { - "text": "total: 0% of population (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Health expenditure": { - "Health expenditure (as % of GDP)": { - "text": "12.3% of GDP (2021)" - }, - "Health expenditure (as % of national budget)": { - "text": "6.5% of national budget (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Physician density": { - "text": "3.36 physicians/1,000 population (2022)" - }, - "Hospital bed density": { - "text": "4.6 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)" - }, - "Sanitation facility access": { - "improved: urban": { - "text": "urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "improved: rural": { - "text": "rural: 84.6% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "improved: total": { - "text": "total: 94.4% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "unimproved: urban": { - "text": "urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "unimproved: rural": { - "text": "rural: 15.4% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "unimproved: total": { - "text": "total: 5.6% of population (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { - "text": "20.2% (2016)" - }, - "Alcohol consumption per capita": { - "total": { - "text": "3.77 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" - }, - "beer": { - "text": "0.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" - }, - "wine": { - "text": "0.46 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" - }, - "spirits": { - "text": "2.78 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" - }, - "other alcohols": { - "text": "0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" - } - }, - "Tobacco use": { - "total": { - "text": "21.5% (2025 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "47.6% (2025 est.)" - }, - "female": { - "text": "1.6% (2025 est.)" - } - }, - "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { - "text": "2.6% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "61.5% (2022 est.)" - }, - "Child marriage": { - "women married by age 15": { - "text": "0% (2016)" - }, - "women married by age 18": { - "text": "5.3% (2016)" - }, - "men married by age 18": { - "text": "0.4% (2016)" - } - }, - "Education expenditure": { - "Education expenditure (% GDP)": { - "text": "2.4% of GDP (2023 est.)" - }, - "Education expenditure (% national budget)": { - "text": "8.7% national budget (2025 est.)" - } - }, - "Literacy": { - "total population": { - "text": "99.8% (2023 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "99.8% (2023 est.)" - }, - "female": { - "text": "99.9% (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { - "total": { - "text": "14 years (2023 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "14 years (2023 est.)" - }, - "female": { - "text": "14 years (2023 est.)" - } - } - }, - "Environment": { - "Environmental issues": { - "text": "soil pollution from toxic chemicals; deforestation; river pollution; threats to drinking water supplies from use of hydropower; nuclear power plant located in earthquake zone" - }, - "International environmental agreements": { - "party to": { - "text": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands" - }, - "signed, but not ratified": { - "text": "Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants" - } - }, - "Climate": { - "text": "highland continental, hot summers, cold winters" - }, - "Land use": { - "agricultural land": { - "text": "58.6% (2023 est.)" - }, - "agricultural land: arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 15.7% (2023 est.)" - }, - "agricultural land: permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 2.2% (2023 est.)" - }, - "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 41.5% (2023 est.)" - }, - "forest": { - "text": "11.8% (2023 est.)" - }, - "other": { - "text": "13.5% (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Urbanization": { - "urban population": { - "text": "63.7% of total population (2023)" - }, - "rate of urbanization": { - "text": "0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" - } - }, - "Carbon dioxide emissions": { - "total emissions": { - "text": "7.144 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" - }, - "from coal and metallurgical coke": { - "text": "48,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" - }, - "from petroleum and other liquids": { - "text": "1.934 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" - }, - "from consumed natural gas": { - "text": "5.162 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "28.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)" - }, - "Waste and recycling": { - "municipal solid waste generated annually": { - "text": "492,800 tons (2024 est.)" - }, - "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { - "text": "13.5% (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Total water withdrawal": { - "municipal": { - "text": "542 million cubic meters (2022)" - }, - "industrial": { - "text": "150 million cubic meters (2022)" - }, - "agricultural": { - "text": "2.38 billion cubic meters (2022)" - } - }, - "Total renewable water resources": { - "text": "7.769 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Government": { - "Country name": { - "conventional long form": { - "text": "Republic of Armenia" - }, - "conventional short form": { - "text": "Armenia" - }, - "local long form": { - "text": "Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun" - }, - "local short form": { - "text": "Hayastan" - }, - "former": { - "text": "Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic" - }, - "etymology": { - "text": "the etymology of the country's name remains obscure; according to tradition, the local name for the country, Hayastan, comes from Hayk, the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and the great-great-grandson of Noah; the name Armenia was first recorded in a rock inscription from A.D. 521 in modern-day Iran" - } - }, - "Government type": { - "text": "parliamentary democracy; note - constitutional changes adopted in December 2015 transformed the government to a parliamentary system" - }, - "Capital": { - "name": { - "text": "Yerevan" - }, - "geographic coordinates": { - "text": "40 10 N, 44 30 E" - }, - "time difference": { - "text": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" - }, - "etymology": { - "text": "name origin is unclear; it may derive from the name of a local ethnic group, or from the ancient fortress of Erebuni that was built on the current site of Yerevan in 782 B.C." - } - }, - "Administrative divisions": { - "text": "11 provinces (marzer, singular - marz); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan" - }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, - "Constitution": { - "history": { - "text": "previous 1915, 1978; latest adopted 5 July 1995" - }, - "amendment process": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires approval by the president, the National Assembly, and a referendum with at least 25% registered-voter participation and more than 50% of votes; constitutional articles on the form of government and democratic procedures are not amendable" - } - }, - "International law organization participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "Citizenship": { - "citizenship by birth": { - "text": "no" - }, - "citizenship by descent only": { - "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Armenia" - }, - "dual citizenship recognized": { - "text": "yes" - }, - "residency requirement for naturalization": { - "text": "3 years" - } - }, - "Suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "Executive branch": { - "chief of state": { - "text": "President Vahagn KHACHATURYAN (since 13 March 2022)" - }, - "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Nikol PASHINYAN (since 10 September 2021)" - }, - "cabinet": { - "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister" - }, - "election/appointment process": { - "text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly in 3 rounds, if needed, for a single 7-year term; prime minister indirectly elected by majority vote in two rounds, if needed, by the National Assembly" - }, - "most recent election date": { - "text": "3 March 2022" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
2022: Vahagn KHACHATURYAN elected president in second round; note - Vahagn KHACHATURYAN (independent) ran unopposed and won the Assembly vote 71-0

2018: Armen SARKISSIAN elected president in first round; note - Armen SARKISSIAN (indpendent) ran unopposed and won the Assembly vote 90-10" - }, - "expected date of next election": { - "text": "2029" - } - }, - "Legislative branch": { - "legislature name": { - "text": "National Assembly (Azgayin Zhoghov)" - }, - "legislative structure": { - "text": "unicameral" - }, - "number of seats": { - "text": "107 (all directly elected)" - }, - "electoral system": { - "text": "proportional representation" - }, - "scope of elections": { - "text": "full renewal" - }, - "term in office": { - "text": "5 years" - }, - "most recent election date": { - "text": "6/20/2021" - }, - "parties elected and seats per party": { - "text": "Civil Contract Party (71); Armenia Alliance (29); I Have the Honour Alliance (7)" - }, - "percentage of women in chamber": { - "text": "38.3%" - }, - "expected date of next election": { - "text": "June 2026" - }, - "note": "note 1: additional seats allocated as necessary; the numbers usually change with each parliamentary convocation

note 2: four mandates are reserved for national minorities; no more than 70% of the top membership of a party list can belong to the same sex; political parties must meet a 5% threshold and alliances a 7% threshold to win seats; at least three parties must be seated in the Parliament" - }, - "Judicial branch": { - "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Cassation or Appeals Court (consists of the Criminal Chamber with a chairman and 5 judges and the Civil and Administrative Chamber with a chairman and 10 judges – with both civil and administrative specializations); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)" - }, - "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Court of Cassation judges nominated by the Supreme Judicial Council, a 10-member body of selected judges and legal scholars; judges appointed by the president; judges can serve until age 65; Constitutional Court judges - 4 appointed by the president, and 5 elected by the National Assembly; judges can serve until age 70" - }, - "subordinate courts": { - "text": "criminal and civil appellate courts; administrative appellate court; first instance courts; specialized administrative and bankruptcy courts" - } - }, - "Political parties": { - "text": "Armenia Alliance or HD
Armenian National Congress or ANC
Bright Armenia or BA
Civil Contract or KP
Hanrapetutyun Party or HP
Heritage
I Have Honor Alliance (formerly known as the Republican Party of Armenia) PUD
Orinats Yerkir or OY
Prosperous Armenia or PAP" - }, - "Diplomatic representation in the US": { - "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Narek MKRTCHYAN (since 19 September 2025)" - }, - "chancery": { - "text": "2225 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" - }, - "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 319-1976" - }, - "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 319-2982" - }, - "email address and website": { - "text": "armembassyusa@mfa.am

https://usa.mfa.am/en/" - }, - "consulate(s) general": { - "text": "Glendale (CA)" - } - }, - "Diplomatic representation from the US": { - "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Kristina A. KVIEN (since 21 February 2023)" - }, - "embassy": { - "text": "

1 American Ave., Yerevan 0082

" - }, - "mailing address": { - "text": "7020 Yerevan Place, Washington, DC  20521-7020" - }, - "telephone": { - "text": "[374] (10) 464-700" - }, - "FAX": { - "text": "[374] (10) 464-742" - }, - "email address and website": { - "text": "acsyerevan@state.gov

https://am.usembassy.gov/" - } - }, - "International organization participation": { - "text": "ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CIS, CSTO, EAEC (observer), EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "Independence": { - "text": "21 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 321 B.C. (Kingdom of Armenia established under the Orontid Dynasty), A.D. 884 (Armenian Kingdom reestablished under the Bagratid Dynasty); 1198 (Cilician Kingdom established); 28 May 1918 (Democratic Republic of Armenia declared)" - }, - "National holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 21 September (1991)" - }, - "Flag": { - "text": "description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange

meaning: red stands for the blood shed for liberty, blue for the Armenian skies and hope, and orange for the land and the courage of the workers who farm it" - }, - "National symbol(s)": { - "text": "Mount Ararat, eagle, lion" - }, - "National color(s)": { - "text": "red, blue, orange" - }, - "National anthem(s)": { - "title": { - "text": "\"Mer Hayrenik\" (Our Fatherland)" - }, - "lyrics/music": { - "text": "Mikael NALBANDIAN/Barsegh KANACHYAN" - }, - "history": { - "text": "adopted 1991; based on the anthem of the Democratic Republic of Armenia (1918-1922), but with different lyrics" - } - }, - "National heritage": { - "total World Heritage Sites": { - "text": "3 (3 cultural)" - }, - "selected World Heritage Site locales": { - "text": "Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin; Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat Valley; Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin" - } - } - }, - "Economy": { - "Economic overview": { - "text": "

upper-middle income, fast-growing Caucasus economy; stable fiscal and monetary regime but vulnerable to geopolitical shocks; economic and energy ties to Russia but seeking more EU and US trade; key copper and gold exporter; business-friendly and anti-corruption reforms; persistent unemployment; influx of migrants from Ukraine war easing

" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024": { - "text": "$60.909 billion (2024 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": { - "text": "$57.516 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": { - "text": "$53.108 billion (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data in 2021 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2024": { - "text": "5.9% (2024 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2023": { - "text": "8.3% (2023 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2022": { - "text": "12.6% (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2024": { - "text": "$20,100 (2024 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2023": { - "text": "$19,400 (2023 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2022": { - "text": "$17,900 (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data in 2021 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$25.787 billion (2024 est.)", - "note": "note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024": { - "text": "0.3% (2024 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": { - "text": "2% (2023 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": { - "text": "8.6% (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: annual % change based on consumer prices" - }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "7.9% (2024 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "23.2% (2024 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "61.5% (2024 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data" - }, - "GDP - composition, by end use": { - "household consumption": { - "text": "66.5% (2024 est.)" - }, - "government consumption": { - "text": "10.7% (2024 est.)" - }, - "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "21.7% (2024 est.)" - }, - "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.5% (2024 est.)" - }, - "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "76.3% (2024 est.)" - }, - "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-75.8% (2024 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection" - }, - "Agricultural products": { - "text": "milk, potatoes, grapes, vegetables, wheat, tomatoes, watermelons, apricots, apples, barley (2023)", - "note": "note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage" - }, - "Industries": { - "text": "brandy, mining, diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machines, electric motors, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry, software, food processing" - }, - "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "6.2% (2024 est.)", - "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" - }, - "Labor force": { - "text": "1.51 million (2024 est.)", - "note": "note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work" - }, - "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2024": { - "text": "13.4% (2024 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2023": { - "text": "13.3% (2023 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2022": { - "text": "13.4% (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: % of labor force seeking employment" - }, - "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { - "total": { - "text": "26.2% (2024 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "24.8% (2024 est.)" - }, - "female": { - "text": "27.9% (2024 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" - }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "24.8% (2022 est.)", - "note": "note: % of population with income below national poverty line" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023": { - "text": "27.2 (2023 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality" - }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "4% (2023 est.)" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "22.9% (2023 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population" - }, - "Remittances": { - "Remittances 2024": { - "text": "4.6% of GDP (2024 est.)" - }, - "Remittances 2023": { - "text": "6% of GDP (2023 est.)" - }, - "Remittances 2022": { - "text": "10.4% of GDP (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities" - }, - "Budget": { - "revenues": { - "text": "$5.812 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "expenditures": { - "text": "$6.27 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated" - }, - "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2023": { - "text": "48.3% of GDP (2023 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" - }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "22.5% (of GDP) (2023 est.)", - "note": "note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP" - }, - "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2024": { - "text": "-$997.086 million (2024 est.)" - }, - "Current account balance 2023": { - "text": "-$556.329 million (2023 est.)" - }, - "Current account balance 2022": { - "text": "$64.725 million (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars" - }, - "Exports": { - "Exports 2024": { - "text": "$18.618 billion (2024 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2023": { - "text": "$14.338 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2022": { - "text": "$10.118 billion (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars" - }, - "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Russia 37%, UAE 25%, Hong Kong 7%, China 5%, Georgia 4% (2023)", - "note": "note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports" - }, - "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "gold, diamonds, copper ore, broadcasting equipment, jewelry (2023)", - "note": "note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars" - }, - "Imports": { - "Imports 2024": { - "text": "$19.087 billion (2024 est.)" - }, - "Imports 2023": { - "text": "$14.532 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "Imports 2022": { - "text": "$10.265 billion (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars" - }, - "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Russia 29%, China 12%, Vietnam 6%, Georgia 5%, Iran 4% (2023)", - "note": "note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports" - }, - "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "cars, gold, diamonds, broadcasting equipment, natural gas (2023)", - "note": "note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars" - }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024": { - "text": "$3.685 billion (2024 est.)" - }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": { - "text": "$3.607 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": { - "text": "$4.112 billion (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars" - }, - "Debt - external": { - "Debt - external 2023": { - "text": "$6.002 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: present value of external debt in current US dollars" - }, - "Exchange rates": { - "Currency": { - "text": "drams (AMD) per US dollar -" - }, - "Exchange rates 2024": { - "text": "392.73 (2024 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2023": { - "text": "392.476 (2023 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2022": { - "text": "435.666 (2022 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2021": { - "text": "503.77 (2021 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "489.009 (2020 est.)" - } - } - }, - "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Electricity": { - "installed generating capacity": { - "text": "4.265 million kW (2023 est.)" - }, - "consumption": { - "text": "7.012 billion kWh (2023 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "1.3 billion kWh (2023 est.)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "194.045 million kWh (2023 est.)" - }, - "transmission/distribution losses": { - "text": "530.327 million kWh (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Electricity generation sources": { - "fossil fuels": { - "text": "43% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" - }, - "nuclear": { - "text": "29% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" - }, - "solar": { - "text": "8.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" - }, - "hydroelectricity": { - "text": "19% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Nuclear energy": { - "Number of operational nuclear reactors": { - "text": "1 (2025)" - }, - "Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors": { - "text": "0.42GW (2025 est.)" - }, - "Percent of total electricity production": { - "text": "31.1% (2023 est.)" - }, - "Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down": { - "text": "1 (2025)" - } - }, - "Coal": { - "production": { - "text": "300 metric tons (2023 est.)" - }, - "consumption": { - "text": "19,000 metric tons (2023 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "24 metric tons (2023 est.)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "23,000 metric tons (2023 est.)" - }, - "proven reserves": { - "text": "317 million metric tons (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Petroleum": { - "refined petroleum consumption": { - "text": "15,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Natural gas": { - "consumption": { - "text": "2.631 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "2.631 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Energy consumption per capita": { - "Total energy consumption per capita 2023": { - "text": "54.689 million Btu/person (2023 est.)" - } - } - }, - "Communications": { - "Telephones - fixed lines": { - "total subscriptions": { - "text": "297,000 (2024 est.)" - }, - "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "10 (2024 est.)" - } - }, - "Telephones - mobile cellular": { - "total subscriptions": { - "text": "4.01 million (2024 est.)" - }, - "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "135 (2024 est.)" - } - }, - "Broadcast media": { - "text": "government-run Public Television network operates alongside 100 privately owned TV stations that provide local to near-nationwide coverage; three Russian TV companies are broadcast under interstate agreements; subscription cable TV services are available in most regions; several major international broadcasters are available, including CNN; Armenian TV completed conversion from analog to digital broadcasting in 2016; Public Radio of Armenia is a national, state-run broadcast network that operates alongside 18 privately owned radio stations (2024)" - }, - "Internet country code": { - "text": ".am" - }, - "Internet users": { - "percent of population": { - "text": "80% (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { - "total": { - "text": "546,000 (2023 est.)" - }, - "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "19 (2023 est.)" - } - } - }, - "Transportation": { - "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": { - "text": "EK" - }, - "Airports": { - "text": "11 (2025)" - }, - "Heliports": { - "text": "1 (2025)" - }, - "Railways": { - "total": { - "text": "686 km (2017)" - } - } - }, - "Military and Security": { - "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Armenian Republic Armed Forces: Armenian Army (includes land, air, air defense forces) (2025)", - "note": "note: the Police of the Republic of Armenia is responsible for internal security, while the National Security Service is responsible for national security, intelligence activities, and border control" - }, - "Military expenditures": { - "Military Expenditures 2024": { - "text": "5.5% of GDP (2024 est.)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2023": { - "text": "5.5% of GDP (2023 est.)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2022": { - "text": "4.3% of GDP (2022 est.)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "4.4% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2020 est.)" - } - }, - "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "approximately 40-50,000 active Armenian Armed Forces (2025)" - }, - "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military's inventory includes mostly Russian and Soviet-era equipment; in recent years however, Armenia has looked to other countries besides Russia to provide military hardware, including France and India (2025)" - }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-27 for voluntary (men and women), contract (men and women) or compulsory (men) military service; contract military service is 3-12 months or up to 5 years; conscripts serve 24 months; all citizens aged 27-50 are registered in the military reserve and may be called to serve if mobilization is declared (2025)", - "note": "note: in 2023, Armenia approved six-month voluntary service for women, after which they have the option to switch to a five-year contract; previously, women served on a contract basis; as of 2021, women made up about 10% of the active-duty military" - }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "the Armenian Armed Forces were officially established in 1992, although their origins go back to 1918; the modern military’s missions include deterrence, territorial defense, crisis management, humanitarian assistance, and disaster response, as well as socio-economic development projects; territorial defense is its primary focus, particularly in regards to tensions with neighboring Azerbaijan; Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in open conflicts over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh enclave in 1991-94 and 2020; Azerbaijan seized the entire enclave in 2023 

Armenia has traditionally had close military ties with Russia; it has been a member of the Russian-led Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and committed troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force until suspending its engagement in 2024; Armenia has relations with NATO going back to 1992 when Armenia joined the North Atlantic Cooperation Council; in 1994, it joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program and has contributed to the NATO force in Kosovo, as well as the former NATO deployment in Afghanistan (2025)" - } - }, - "Transnational Issues": { - "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { - "refugees": { - "text": "145,354 (2024 est.)" - }, - "IDPs": { - "text": "4 (2024 est.)" - }, - "stateless persons": { - "text": "373 (2024 est.)" - } - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file From df7daaa12bc74c6767cac16f5e2d625350db6d20 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LukasiJan-komo Date: Sun, 17 May 2026 17:50:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 04/11] chore: move aj.json to central-asia (fixes #18) --- central-asia/aj.json | Bin 0 -> 68 bytes 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) create mode 100644 central-asia/aj.json diff --git a/central-asia/aj.json b/central-asia/aj.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2ed8db1ad2fb343b6750a7594c6aab5edb95dd55 GIT binary patch literal 68 zcmb2|=3oE==G4Bkd`$)dt?AC(x^MaZH7LAu^G{kFyQ}b_+PYmOkMG55i0s-h^UR(~ UNCfEx06MA~IRF3v literal 0 HcmV?d00001 From 1ff390ec2239f0c98218af069cf04b4a0beb0405 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LukasiJan-komo Date: Sun, 17 May 2026 17:51:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 05/11] remove incorrect file --- central-asia/aj.json | Bin 68 -> 0 bytes 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 central-asia/aj.json diff --git a/central-asia/aj.json b/central-asia/aj.json deleted file mode 100644 index 2ed8db1ad2fb343b6750a7594c6aab5edb95dd55..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 GIT binary patch literal 0 HcmV?d00001 literal 68 zcmb2|=3oE==G4Bkd`$)dt?AC(x^MaZH7LAu^G{kFyQ}b_+PYmOkMG55i0s-h^UR(~ UNCfEx06MA~IRF3v From 26d36ea7b08c5dce2d05ab33711ecd5cff13343b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LukasiJan-komo Date: Sun, 17 May 2026 17:51:51 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 06/11] chore: move aj.json to central-asia (fixes #18) --- central-asia/aj.json | 1156 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1156 insertions(+) create mode 100644 central-asia/aj.json diff --git a/central-asia/aj.json b/central-asia/aj.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cf6eda30 --- /dev/null +++ b/central-asia/aj.json @@ -0,0 +1,1156 @@ +{ + "Introduction": { + "Background": { + "text": "

Azerbaijan -- a secular nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-Shia Muslim population -- was briefly independent (from 1918 to 1920) following the collapse of the Russian Empire; it was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union for seven decades.

Beginning in 1988, Azerbaijan and Armenia fought over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, which was populated largely by ethnic Armenians but incorporated into Soviet Azerbaijan as an autonomous oblast in the early 1920s. In the late Soviet period, an ethnic-Armenian separatist movement sought to end Azerbaijani control over the region. Fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh escalated after Armenia and Azerbaijan gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By the time a ceasefire took effect in 1994, separatists with Armenian support controlled Nagorno‑Karabakh and seven surrounding Azerbaijani territories. After decades of cease-fire violations and sporadic flare-ups, a second sustained conflict began in 2020 when Azerbaijan tried to win back the territories it had lost in the 1990s. After significant Azerbaijani gains, Armenia returned the southern part of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding territories to Azerbaijan. In September 2023, Azerbaijan took military action to regain the rest of Nagorno-Karabakh; after a conflict that lasted only one day, nearly the entire ethnic Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh fled to Armenia.

Since gaining its independence in 1991, Azerbaijan has significantly reduced the poverty rate and has directed some revenue from its oil and gas production to develop the country’s infrastructure. However, corruption remains a burden on the economy, and Western observers and members of the country’s political opposition have accused the government of authoritarianism. The country’s leadership has remained in the ALIYEV family since Heydar ALIYEV, the most highly ranked Azerbaijani member of the Communist Party during the Soviet period, became president during the first Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1993. 

" + } + }, + "Geography": { + "Location": { + "text": "Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range" + }, + "Geographic coordinates": { + "text": "40 30 N, 47 30 E" + }, + "Map references": { + "text": "Asia" + }, + "Area": { + "total ": { + "text": "86,600 sq km" + }, + "land": { + "text": "82,629 sq km" + }, + "water": { + "text": "3,971 sq km" + }, + "note": "note: includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the final status of the region has yet to be determined" + }, + "Area - comparative": { + "text": "about three-quarters the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Maine" + }, + "Land boundaries": { + "total": { + "text": "2,468 km" + }, + "border countries": { + "text": "Armenia 996 km; Georgia 428 km; Iran 689 km; Russia 338 km; Turkey 17 km" + } + }, + "Coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)", + "note": "note: Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (713 km)" + }, + "Maritime claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "Climate": { + "text": "dry, semiarid steppe" + }, + "Terrain": { + "text": "large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland, much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) to the west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea" + }, + "Elevation": { + "highest point": { + "text": "Bazarduzu Dagi 4,466 m" + }, + "lowest point": { + "text": "Caspian Sea -28 m" + }, + "mean elevation": { + "text": "384 m" + } + }, + "Natural resources": { + "text": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, bauxite" + }, + "Land use": { + "agricultural land": { + "text": "57.8% (2023 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 25.3% (2023 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3.3% (2023 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 29.2% (2023 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "14.4% (2023 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "27.7% (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Irrigated land": { + "text": "14,693 sq km (2022)" + }, + "Major lakes (area sq km)": { + "salt water lake(s)": { + "text": "Caspian Sea (shared with Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan) - 374,000 sq km" + } + }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the country, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly light and evenly distributed population" + }, + "Natural hazards": { + "text": "droughts" + }, + "Geography - note": { + "text": "both the main area of the country and the Naxcivan exclave are landlocked" + } + }, + "People and Society": { + "Population": { + "total": { + "text": "10,694,370 (2025 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "5,354,376" + }, + "female": { + "text": "5,339,994" + } + }, + "Nationality": { + "noun": { + "text": "Azerbaijani(s)" + }, + "adjective": { + "text": "Azerbaijani" + } + }, + "Ethnic groups": { + "text": "Azerbaijani 94.8%, other 1.8%; less than 1%: Talish, Russian, Avar, Sakhur, Tartar, Georgian, Jewish, Kurd
(2019 est.)", + "note": "note: Nagorno-Karabakh, which is part of Azerbaijan on the basis of the borders recognized when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991, was populated almost entirely by ethnic Armenians; Azerbaijan has over 80 ethnic groups" + }, + "Languages": { + "Languages": { + "text": "Azerbaijani 96.1%, other 1.4%; less than 1%: Russian, Avar, Talyshi, Turkish, Tatar, Sakhur, Tat, Ukrainian, Georgian, Hebrew (2019 est.)" + }, + "major-language sample(s)": { + "text": "
Dünya fakt kitabı, əsas məlumatlar üçün əvəz olunmaz mənbədir (Azerbaijani)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." + }, + "note": "note: Russian is widely spoken" + }, + "Religions": { + "text": "Muslim 97.3% (predominantly Shia), Christian 2.6%, other <0.1, unaffiliated <0.1 (2020 est.)", + "note": "note: religious affiliation for the majority of Azerbaijanis is largely nominal, percentages for actual practicing adherents are probably much lower" + }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "22.3% (male 1,269,241/female 1,104,529)" + }, + "15-64 years": { + "text": "68.7% (male 3,659,441/female 3,656,493)" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "9% (2024 est.) (male 401,551/female 558,984)" + } + }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "45.6 (2025 est.)" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "31.6 (2025 est.)" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "14 (2025 est.)" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "7.1 (2025 est.)" + } + }, + "Median age": { + "total": { + "text": "34.8 years (2025 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "32.8 years" + }, + "female": { + "text": "36 years" + } + }, + "Population growth rate": { + "text": "0.4% (2025 est.)" + }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "11.13 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "6.44 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)" + }, + "Net migration rate": { + "text": "-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)" + }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the country, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly light and evenly distributed population" + }, + "Urbanization": { + "urban population": { + "text": "57.6% of total population (2023)" + }, + "rate of urbanization": { + "text": "1.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data include Nagorno-Karabakh" + }, + "Major urban areas - population": { + "text": "2.432 million BAKU (capital) (2023)" + }, + "Sex ratio": { + "at birth": { + "text": "1.15 male(s)/female" + }, + "0-14 years": { + "text": "1.15 male(s)/female" + }, + "15-64 years": { + "text": "1 male(s)/female" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "0.72 male(s)/female" + }, + "total population": { + "text": "1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)" + } + }, + "Mother's mean age at first birth": { + "text": "24 years (2019 est.)" + }, + "Maternal mortality ratio": { + "text": "18 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)" + }, + "Infant mortality rate": { + "total": { + "text": "10.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "12.6 deaths/1,000 live births" + }, + "female": { + "text": "9 deaths/1,000 live births" + } + }, + "Life expectancy at birth": { + "total population": { + "text": "75.9 years (2024 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "73.5 years" + }, + "female": { + "text": "78.6 years" + } + }, + "Total fertility rate": { + "text": "1.69 children born/woman (2025 est.)" + }, + "Gross reproduction rate": { + "text": "0.79 (2025 est.)" + }, + "Drinking water source": { + "improved: urban": { + "text": "urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "improved: rural": { + "text": "rural: 94.5% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "improved: total": { + "text": "total: 97.6% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "unimproved: urban": { + "text": "urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "unimproved: rural": { + "text": "rural: 5.5% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "unimproved: total": { + "text": "total: 2.4% of population (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Health expenditure": { + "Health expenditure (as % of GDP)": { + "text": "4.7% of GDP (2021)" + }, + "Health expenditure (as % of national budget)": { + "text": "4.6% of national budget (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Physician density": { + "text": "3.19 physicians/1,000 population (2022)" + }, + "Hospital bed density": { + "text": "3.9 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)" + }, + "Sanitation facility access": { + "improved: urban": { + "text": "urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "unimproved: urban": { + "text": "urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { + "text": "19.9% (2016)" + }, + "Alcohol consumption per capita": { + "total": { + "text": "1.38 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" + }, + "beer": { + "text": "0.36 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" + }, + "wine": { + "text": "0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" + }, + "spirits": { + "text": "0.94 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" + }, + "other alcohols": { + "text": "0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" + } + }, + "Tobacco use": { + "total": { + "text": "18.4% (2025 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "37.9% (2025 est.)" + }, + "female": { + "text": "0.1% (2025 est.)" + } + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "3% (2023 est.)" + }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "59.7% (2019 est.)" + }, + "Education expenditure": { + "Education expenditure (% GDP)": { + "text": "3.7% of GDP (2023 est.)" + }, + "Education expenditure (% national budget)": { + "text": "11.9% national budget (2025 est.)" + } + }, + "Literacy": { + "total population": { + "text": "99.8% (2023 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "99.8% (2023 est.)" + }, + "female": { + "text": "99.7% (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { + "total": { + "text": "13 years (2023 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "13 years (2023 est.)" + }, + "female": { + "text": "13 years (2023 est.)" + } + } + }, + "Environment": { + "Environmental issues": { + "text": "severe air, soil, and water pollution; soil pollution from oil spills, pesticides, and toxic defoliants used in producing cotton; surface and underground water pollution from untreated municipal and industrial wastewater and agricultural run-off" + }, + "International environmental agreements": { + "party to": { + "text": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands" + }, + "signed, but not ratified": { + "text": "none of the selected agreements" + } + }, + "Climate": { + "text": "dry, semiarid steppe" + }, + "Land use": { + "agricultural land": { + "text": "57.8% (2023 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 25.3% (2023 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 3.3% (2023 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 29.2% (2023 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "14.4% (2023 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "27.7% (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Urbanization": { + "urban population": { + "text": "57.6% of total population (2023)" + }, + "rate of urbanization": { + "text": "1.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data include Nagorno-Karabakh" + }, + "Carbon dioxide emissions": { + "total emissions": { + "text": "38.892 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" + }, + "from coal and metallurgical coke": { + "text": "17,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" + }, + "from petroleum and other liquids": { + "text": "13.954 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" + }, + "from consumed natural gas": { + "text": "24.921 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "27.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)" + }, + "Methane emissions": { + "energy": { + "text": "268.8 kt (2022-2024 est.)" + }, + "agriculture": { + "text": "188.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)" + }, + "waste": { + "text": "93.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "1 kt (2019-2021 est.)" + } + }, + "Waste and recycling": { + "municipal solid waste generated annually": { + "text": "2.93 million tons (2024 est.)" + }, + "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { + "text": "14.4% (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Total water withdrawal": { + "municipal": { + "text": "408 million cubic meters (2022 est.)" + }, + "industrial": { + "text": "598 million cubic meters (2022 est.)" + }, + "agricultural": { + "text": "11.962 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Total renewable water resources": { + "text": "34.675 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Government": { + "Country name": { + "conventional long form": { + "text": "Republic of Azerbaijan" + }, + "conventional short form": { + "text": "Azerbaijan" + }, + "local long form": { + "text": "Azarbaycan Respublikasi" + }, + "local short form": { + "text": "Azarbaycan" + }, + "former": { + "text": "Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "the name can be translated as \"Fire Keeper\" or \"The Land of Fire,\" from the local word azer, or \"fire,\" and baydjan, a word derived from the Iranian word baykan, or \"guardian;\" may refer to fire worshippers who lived in the region" + } + }, + "Government type": { + "text": "presidential republic" + }, + "Capital": { + "name": { + "text": "Baku (Baki, Baky)" + }, + "geographic coordinates": { + "text": "40 23 N, 49 52 E" + }, + "time difference": { + "text": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" + }, + "daylight saving time": { + "text": "does not observe daylight savings time" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "the name may derive from the Old Persian word badkuba, meaning \"windward\" and referring to its windy location on the shore of the Caspian Sea" + }, + "note": "note: at approximately 28 m below sea level, Baku's elevation makes it the lowest capital city in the world" + }, + "Administrative divisions": { + "text": "66 districts (rayonlar; singular - rayon), 11 cities (saharlar; sahar - singular)

districts: Abseron, Agcabadi, Agdam, Agdas, Agstafa, Agsu, Astara, Babak, Balakan, Barda, Beylaqan, Bilasuvar, Cabrayil, Calilabad, Culfa, Daskasan, Fuzuli, Gadabay, Goranboy, Goycay, Goygol, Haciqabul, Imisli, Ismayilli, Kalbacar, Kangarli, Kurdamir, Lacin, Lankaran, Lerik, Masalli, Neftcala, Oguz, Ordubad, Qabala, Qax, Qazax, Qobustan, Quba, Qubadli, Qusar, Saatli, Sabirabad, Sabran, Sadarak, Sahbuz, Saki, Salyan, Samaxi, Samkir, Samux, Sarur, Siyazan, Susa, Tartar, Tovuz, Ucar, Xacmaz, Xizi, Xocali, Xocavand, Yardimli, Yevlax, Zangilan, Zaqatala, Zardab

cities: Baku, Ganca, Lankaran, Mingacevir, Naftalan, Naxcivan (Nakhichevan), Saki, Sirvan, Sumqayit, Xankandi, Yevlax" + }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, + "Constitution": { + "history": { + "text": "several previous; latest adopted 12 November 1995" + }, + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by at least 63 members of the National Assembly; passage requires at least 95 votes of Assembly members in two separate readings of the draft amendment six months apart and requires presidential approval after each of the two Assembly votes, followed by presidential signature; constitutional articles on the authority, sovereignty, and unity of the people cannot be amended" + } + }, + "International law organization participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "Citizenship": { + "citizenship by birth": { + "text": "yes" + }, + "citizenship by descent only": { + "text": "yes" + }, + "dual citizenship recognized": { + "text": "no" + }, + "residency requirement for naturalization": { + "text": "5 years" + } + }, + "Suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "Executive branch": { + "chief of state": { + "text": "President Ilham ALIYEV (since 31 October 2003)" + }, + "head of government": { + "text": "Prime Minister Ali ASADOV (since 8 October 2019)" + }, + "cabinet": { + "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly" + }, + "election/appointment process": { + "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds (if needed) for a 7-year term; a single individual is eligible for unlimited terms; prime minister and first deputy prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly" + }, + "most recent election date": { + "text": "7 February 2024" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
2024: Ilham ALIYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 92.1%, Zahid ORUJ (independent) 2.2%; on 16 February 2024, Ali ASADOV reappointed prime minister by parliamentary vote, 105-1

2018: Ilham ALIYEV reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 86%, Zahid ORUJ (independent) 3.1%, other 10.9%" + }, + "expected date of next election": { + "text": "2031" + } + }, + "Legislative branch": { + "legislature name": { + "text": "National Assembly (Milli Majlis)" + }, + "legislative structure": { + "text": "unicameral" + }, + "number of seats": { + "text": "125 (all directly elected)" + }, + "electoral system": { + "text": "plurality/majority" + }, + "scope of elections": { + "text": "full renewal" + }, + "term in office": { + "text": "5 years" + }, + "most recent election date": { + "text": "9/1/2024" + }, + "parties elected and seats per party": { + "text": "New Azerbaidjan Party (YAP) (68); Independents (44); Other (13)" + }, + "percentage of women in chamber": { + "text": "20.8%" + }, + "expected date of next election": { + "text": "November 2029" + } + }, + "Judicial branch": { + "highest court(s)": { + "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, vice chairman, and 23 judges in plenum sessions and organized into civil, economic affairs, criminal, and rights violations chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)" + }, + "judge selection and term of office": { + "text": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Milli Majlis; judges appointed for 10 years; Constitutional Court chairman and deputy chairman appointed by the president; other court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Milli Majlis to serve single 15-year terms" + }, + "subordinate courts": { + "text": "Courts of Appeal (replaced the Economic Court in 2002); district and municipal courts" + } + }, + "Political parties": { + "text": "Azerbaijan Hope Party or ÜMİD
Azerbaijan Democratic Enlightenment Party or ADMP
Azerbaijan National Independence Party or AMİP
Civic Solidarity Party or VHP
Democratic Reforms Party or DiP
Great Order Party or BAP
Justice, Law, Democracy Party or ƏHD
Great Order Party or BQP
Motherland Party or AVP
National Front Party or MCP
National Revival Movement Party or MDHP
New Azerbaijan Party or YAP
Republican Alternative Party or REAL
Unity Party or VƏHDƏT" + }, + "Diplomatic representation in the US": { + "chief of mission": { + "text": "Ambassador Khazar IBRAHIM (since 15 September 2021)" + }, + "chancery": { + "text": "2741 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" + }, + "telephone": { + "text": "[1] (202) 337-3500" + }, + "FAX": { + "text": "[1] (202) 337-5911" + }, + "email address and website": { + "text": "
azerbaijan@azembassy.us

https://washington.mfa.gov.az/en" + }, + "consulate(s) general": { + "text": "Los Angeles" + } + }, + "Diplomatic representation from the US": { + "chief of mission": { + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Amy CARLON (since 23 June 2025)" + }, + "embassy": { + "text": "111 Azadlig Avenue, AZ1007 Baku" + }, + "mailing address": { + "text": "7050 Baku Place, Washington, DC 20521-7050" + }, + "telephone": { + "text": "[994] (12) 488-3300" + }, + "FAX": { + "text": "[994] (12) 488-3330" + }, + "email address and website": { + "text": "
BakuACS@state.gov

https://az.usembassy.gov/" + } + }, + "International organization participation": { + "text": "ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CICA, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" + }, + "Independence": { + "text": "30 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union); 18 October 1991 (adopted by the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan)" + }, + "National holiday": { + "text": "Republic Day (founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan), 28 May (1918)" + }, + "Flag": { + "text": "description: three equal horizontal bands of sky blue (top), red, and green; a vertical crescent moon and an eight-pointed star in white are centered in the red band

meaning: the blue band stands for Azerbaijan's Turkic heritage, red for modernization and progress, and green for Islam; the crescent moon and star are a Turkic insignia; the eight star points represent the eight Turkic peoples of the world" + }, + "National symbol(s)": { + "text": "flames of fire" + }, + "National color(s)": { + "text": "blue, red, green" + }, + "National anthem(s)": { + "title": { + "text": "\"Azerbaijan Marsi\" (March of Azerbaijan)" + }, + "lyrics/music": { + "text": "Ahmed JAVAD/Uzeyir HAJIBEYOV" + }, + "history": { + "text": "adopted 1992; originally written in 1919 during a brief period of independence, but did not become the official anthem until after the dissolution of the Soviet Union" + } + }, + "National heritage": { + "total World Heritage Sites": { + "text": "5 (4 cultural, 1 natural)" + }, + "selected World Heritage Site locales": { + "text": "Walled City of Baku; Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape; Historic Center of Sheki; Cultural Landscape of Khinalig People and \"Koc Yolu\" Transhumance Route" + } + } + }, + "Economy": { + "Economic overview": { + "text": "

upper-middle income, oil-dependent Caucasus economy; minimal economic diversification and dominance of state-owned enterprises; growth and fiscal consolidation supported by oil revenues, but risks remain from demand shocks; potential economic gains from Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire; education investments to diversify and retain human capital

" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024": { + "text": "$225.198 billion (2024 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": { + "text": "$216.388 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": { + "text": "$213.497 billion (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data in 2021 dollars" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2024": { + "text": "4.1% (2024 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2023": { + "text": "1.4% (2023 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2022": { + "text": "4.7% (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency" + }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2024": { + "text": "$22,100 (2024 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2023": { + "text": "$21,300 (2023 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2022": { + "text": "$21,100 (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data in 2021 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$74.316 billion (2024 est.)", + "note": "note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024": { + "text": "2.2% (2024 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": { + "text": "8.8% (2023 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": { + "text": "13.9% (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: annual % change based on consumer prices" + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "5.7% (2024 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "42.6% (2024 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "42.3% (2024 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data" + }, + "GDP - composition, by end use": { + "household consumption": { + "text": "55.4% (2024 est.)" + }, + "government consumption": { + "text": "14.4% (2024 est.)" + }, + "investment in fixed capital": { + "text": "16.8% (2024 est.)" + }, + "investment in inventories": { + "text": "4.3% (2024 est.)" + }, + "exports of goods and services": { + "text": "45.9% (2024 est.)" + }, + "imports of goods and services": { + "text": "-36.8% (2024 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection" + }, + "Agricultural products": { + "text": "milk, wheat, barley, potatoes, tomatoes, watermelons, onions, apples, maize, cotton (2023)", + "note": "note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage" + }, + "Industries": { + "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles" + }, + "Industrial production growth rate": { + "text": "2.1% (2024 est.)", + "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" + }, + "Labor force": { + "text": "5.02 million (2024 est.)", + "note": "note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work" + }, + "Unemployment rate": { + "Unemployment rate 2024": { + "text": "5.6% (2024 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2023": { + "text": "5.7% (2023 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2022": { + "text": "5.7% (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: % of labor force seeking employment" + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "13.7% (2024 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "12.3% (2024 est.)" + }, + "female": { + "text": "15.3% (2024 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" + }, + "Average household expenditures": { + "on food": { + "text": "42.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)" + }, + "on alcohol and tobacco": { + "text": "2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Remittances": { + "Remittances 2024": { + "text": "1.8% of GDP (2024 est.)" + }, + "Remittances 2023": { + "text": "2.6% of GDP (2023 est.)" + }, + "Remittances 2022": { + "text": "5% of GDP (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities" + }, + "Budget": { + "revenues": { + "text": "$30.966 billion (2022 est.)" + }, + "expenditures": { + "text": "$22.95 billion (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated" + }, + "Public debt": { + "Public debt 2021": { + "text": "16.8% of GDP (2021 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" + }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "15.4% (of GDP) (2022 est.)", + "note": "note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP" + }, + "Current account balance": { + "Current account balance 2024": { + "text": "$4.671 billion (2024 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2023": { + "text": "$8.329 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2022": { + "text": "$23.478 billion (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars" + }, + "Exports": { + "Exports 2024": { + "text": "$34.113 billion (2024 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2023": { + "text": "$35.487 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2022": { + "text": "$47.274 billion (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars" + }, + "Exports - partners": { + "text": "Italy 37%, Turkey 19%, Israel 5%, Greece 4%, Russia 4% (2023)", + "note": "note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports" + }, + "Exports - commodities": { + "text": "crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, plastics, electricity (2023)", + "note": "note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars" + }, + "Imports": { + "Imports 2024": { + "text": "$27.339 billion (2024 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2023": { + "text": "$25.016 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2022": { + "text": "$21.274 billion (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars" + }, + "Imports - partners": { + "text": "Russia 17%, China 16%, Turkey 14%, Georgia 4%, Germany 4% (2023)", + "note": "note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports" + }, + "Imports - commodities": { + "text": "cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, garments (2023)", + "note": "note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024": { + "text": "$12.699 billion (2024 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": { + "text": "$13.749 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": { + "text": "$11.338 billion (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars" + }, + "Debt - external": { + "Debt - external 2023": { + "text": "$12.378 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: present value of external debt in current US dollars" + }, + "Exchange rates": { + "Currency": { + "text": "Azerbaijani manats (AZN) per US dollar -" + }, + "Exchange rates 2024": { + "text": "1.7 (2024 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "1.7 (2023 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "1.7 (2022 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.7 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1.7 (2020 est.)" + } + } + }, + "Energy": { + "Electricity access": { + "electrification - total population": { + "text": "100% (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Electricity": { + "installed generating capacity": { + "text": "8.383 million kW (2023 est.)" + }, + "consumption": { + "text": "23.857 billion kWh (2023 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "3.246 billion kWh (2023 est.)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "212 million kWh (2023 est.)" + }, + "transmission/distribution losses": { + "text": "2.197 billion kWh (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Electricity generation sources": { + "fossil fuels": { + "text": "93.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" + }, + "solar": { + "text": "0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" + }, + "wind": { + "text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" + }, + "hydroelectricity": { + "text": "5.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" + }, + "biomass and waste": { + "text": "0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Coal": { + "consumption": { + "text": "6,000 metric tons (2023 est.)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "10,000 metric tons (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Petroleum": { + "total petroleum production": { + "text": "618,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)" + }, + "refined petroleum consumption": { + "text": "109,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)" + }, + "crude oil estimated reserves": { + "text": "7 billion barrels (2021 est.)" + } + }, + "Natural gas": { + "production": { + "text": "35.775 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)" + }, + "consumption": { + "text": "12.703 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "23.65 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "2.173 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)" + }, + "proven reserves": { + "text": "1.699 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)" + } + }, + "Energy consumption per capita": { + "Total energy consumption per capita 2023": { + "text": "66.467 million Btu/person (2023 est.)" + } + } + }, + "Communications": { + "Telephones - fixed lines": { + "total subscriptions": { + "text": "1.33 million (2024 est.)" + }, + "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { + "text": "13 (2024 est.)" + } + }, + "Telephones - mobile cellular": { + "total subscriptions": { + "text": "11.3 million (2024 est.)" + }, + "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { + "text": "110 (2024 est.)" + } + }, + "Broadcast media": { + "text": "TV is the most popular medium; many homes are hooked up to satellite; all Azerbaijan-based channels promote government positions; state-owned AzTV runs three national channels, and state-funded iTV is a national public service broadcaster; 4 national privately-owned stations; Turkish, Russian, and western TV is available on cable; analog terrestrial TV was phased out in 2016-17; radio outlets focus on entertainment, with around a dozen stations on FM in Baku; newspaper distribution is largely limited to Baku (2023)" + }, + "Internet country code": { + "text": ".az" + }, + "Internet users": { + "percent of population": { + "text": "89% (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { + "total": { + "text": "2.15 million (2023 est.)" + }, + "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { + "text": "21 (2023 est.)" + } + } + }, + "Transportation": { + "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": { + "text": "4K" + }, + "Airports": { + "text": "32 (2025)" + }, + "Heliports": { + "text": "5 (2025)" + }, + "Railways": { + "total": { + "text": "2,944.3 km (2017)" + }, + "broad gauge": { + "text": "2,944.3 km (2017) 1.520-m gauge (approx. 1,767 km electrified)" + } + }, + "Merchant marine": { + "total": { + "text": "312 (2023)" + }, + "by type": { + "text": "general cargo 40, oil tanker 44, other 228" + } + } + }, + "Military and Security": { + "Military and security forces": { + "text": "Azerbaijan Armed Forces: Land Forces, Air Forces, Navy Forces, Special Forces, State Border Service, Coast Guard

Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Troops, local police forces; Special State Protection Service (SSPS): National Guard (2025)", + "note": "note: the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the State Security Service (intelligence, counterterrorism) are responsible for internal security; the SSPS is under the president and provides protective services to senior officials, foreign missions, significant state assets, government buildings, etc; the National Guard also serves as a reserve for the Army" + }, + "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2024": { + "text": "5.1% of GDP (2024 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2023": { + "text": "4.5% of GDP (2023 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2022": { + "text": "4.5% of GDP (2022 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2021": { + "text": "5% of GDP (2021 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "5% of GDP (2020 est.)" + } + }, + "Military and security service personnel strengths": { + "text": "information varies widely; estimated 100,000 active Armed Forces personnel (2025)" + }, + "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { + "text": "Baku has been actively upgrading the military's inventory for over a decade with equipment acquisitions from several sources, including Belarus, China, Israel, Russia, and Türkiye; while most of the military's equipment was once Soviet-era material, it now fields quantities of modern armaments, including armored vehicles, artillery systems, air defense systems, fighter aircraft, tanks, and UAVs (2025)" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "18-30 years of age for compulsory military service for men; 18-35 years of age voluntary/contractual service for men (18-40 for women volunteers); 18 months service for conscripts, 36 months for voluntary/contractual service (2025)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "the Azerbaijani military was established in 1991, although its origins go back to 1918; much of the military’s original equipment was acquired from former Soviet military forces that departed Azerbaijan by 1992; territorial defense is the military’s primary focus, particularly with regards to neighboring Armenia; a secondary focus is guarding against Iran; Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in open conflicts over the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave in 1991-94 and 2020; tensions continued following the 2020 conflict, and Azerbaijan seized the entire enclave in 2023 

key bilateral security relationships include Israel, Russia, and Turkiye; Azerbaijan's ties with Turkiye have included weapons transfers, technical advice, bilateral training exercises, and military support during its conflicts with Armenia; Azerbaijan is not part of NATO but has had a cooperative relationship with it dating back to when it joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and has provided troops to NATO-led missions in Kosovo (1999-2008) and Afghanistan (2002-2014) (2025)" + } + }, + "Space": { + "Space agency/agencies": { + "text": "Space Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azercosmos; established 2010 as a state-owned satellite operating company); Azerbaijan National Aerospace Agency (NASA; Azərbaycan Milli Aerokosmik Agentliyi, MAKA; established 1992; since 2006, has operated under the Ministry of Defense Industry) (2025)" + }, + "Space program overview": { + "text": "largely focused on the acquisition and operation of satellites; operates foreign-built communications and remote sensing (RS) satellites; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of China, the ESA (bilaterally with individual member states such as France), Israel, Russia, Turkey, and the US; Azercosmos is the largest satellite operator in the Caucasus region (2025)" + }, + "Key space-program milestones": { + "text": "2013 - first communications satellite (Azerspace-1) built by US company and launched on European rocket

2014 - took operational control over remote sensing (RS) satellite (SPOT-7, now Azersky) from a French company (satellite ceased operations in 2023)

2017 - second communications satellite (Azerspace-2) built by US company and launched on European rocket

2023 - agreed to participate in China's International Lunar Research Station Cooperation project, which aims to establish a base on the Moon in the 2030s; signed agreement with Israel to jointly develop two multi-spectral RS satellites (Azersky-2 program) for scheduled launches in 2026 and 2028 (2025)" + } + }, + "Terrorism": { + "Terrorist group(s)": { + "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Force", + "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide" + } + }, + "Transnational Issues": { + "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { + "refugees": { + "text": "6,698 (2024 est.)" + }, + "IDPs": { + "text": "657,996 (2024 est.)" + }, + "stateless persons": { + "text": "271 (2024 est.)" + } + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file From 245f24d6875197d023efa934702792e80ce04d14 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LukasiJan-komo Date: Sun, 17 May 2026 17:52:27 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 07/11] chore: remove from middle-east --- middle-east/aj.json | 1156 ------------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 1156 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 middle-east/aj.json diff --git a/middle-east/aj.json b/middle-east/aj.json deleted file mode 100644 index cf6eda30..00000000 --- a/middle-east/aj.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1156 +0,0 @@ -{ - "Introduction": { - "Background": { - "text": "

Azerbaijan -- a secular nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-Shia Muslim population -- was briefly independent (from 1918 to 1920) following the collapse of the Russian Empire; it was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union for seven decades.

Beginning in 1988, Azerbaijan and Armenia fought over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, which was populated largely by ethnic Armenians but incorporated into Soviet Azerbaijan as an autonomous oblast in the early 1920s. In the late Soviet period, an ethnic-Armenian separatist movement sought to end Azerbaijani control over the region. Fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh escalated after Armenia and Azerbaijan gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By the time a ceasefire took effect in 1994, separatists with Armenian support controlled Nagorno‑Karabakh and seven surrounding Azerbaijani territories. After decades of cease-fire violations and sporadic flare-ups, a second sustained conflict began in 2020 when Azerbaijan tried to win back the territories it had lost in the 1990s. After significant Azerbaijani gains, Armenia returned the southern part of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding territories to Azerbaijan. In September 2023, Azerbaijan took military action to regain the rest of Nagorno-Karabakh; after a conflict that lasted only one day, nearly the entire ethnic Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh fled to Armenia.

Since gaining its independence in 1991, Azerbaijan has significantly reduced the poverty rate and has directed some revenue from its oil and gas production to develop the country’s infrastructure. However, corruption remains a burden on the economy, and Western observers and members of the country’s political opposition have accused the government of authoritarianism. The country’s leadership has remained in the ALIYEV family since Heydar ALIYEV, the most highly ranked Azerbaijani member of the Communist Party during the Soviet period, became president during the first Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1993. 

" - } - }, - "Geography": { - "Location": { - "text": "Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range" - }, - "Geographic coordinates": { - "text": "40 30 N, 47 30 E" - }, - "Map references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "Area": { - "total ": { - "text": "86,600 sq km" - }, - "land": { - "text": "82,629 sq km" - }, - "water": { - "text": "3,971 sq km" - }, - "note": "note: includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the final status of the region has yet to be determined" - }, - "Area - comparative": { - "text": "about three-quarters the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Maine" - }, - "Land boundaries": { - "total": { - "text": "2,468 km" - }, - "border countries": { - "text": "Armenia 996 km; Georgia 428 km; Iran 689 km; Russia 338 km; Turkey 17 km" - } - }, - "Coastline": { - "text": "0 km (landlocked)", - "note": "note: Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (713 km)" - }, - "Maritime claims": { - "text": "none (landlocked)" - }, - "Climate": { - "text": "dry, semiarid steppe" - }, - "Terrain": { - "text": "large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland, much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) to the west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea" - }, - "Elevation": { - "highest point": { - "text": "Bazarduzu Dagi 4,466 m" - }, - "lowest point": { - "text": "Caspian Sea -28 m" - }, - "mean elevation": { - "text": "384 m" - } - }, - "Natural resources": { - "text": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, bauxite" - }, - "Land use": { - "agricultural land": { - "text": "57.8% (2023 est.)" - }, - "agricultural land: arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 25.3% (2023 est.)" - }, - "agricultural land: permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.3% (2023 est.)" - }, - "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 29.2% (2023 est.)" - }, - "forest": { - "text": "14.4% (2023 est.)" - }, - "other": { - "text": "27.7% (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Irrigated land": { - "text": "14,693 sq km (2022)" - }, - "Major lakes (area sq km)": { - "salt water lake(s)": { - "text": "Caspian Sea (shared with Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan) - 374,000 sq km" - } - }, - "Population distribution": { - "text": "highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the country, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly light and evenly distributed population" - }, - "Natural hazards": { - "text": "droughts" - }, - "Geography - note": { - "text": "both the main area of the country and the Naxcivan exclave are landlocked" - } - }, - "People and Society": { - "Population": { - "total": { - "text": "10,694,370 (2025 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "5,354,376" - }, - "female": { - "text": "5,339,994" - } - }, - "Nationality": { - "noun": { - "text": "Azerbaijani(s)" - }, - "adjective": { - "text": "Azerbaijani" - } - }, - "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Azerbaijani 94.8%, other 1.8%; less than 1%: Talish, Russian, Avar, Sakhur, Tartar, Georgian, Jewish, Kurd
(2019 est.)", - "note": "note: Nagorno-Karabakh, which is part of Azerbaijan on the basis of the borders recognized when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991, was populated almost entirely by ethnic Armenians; Azerbaijan has over 80 ethnic groups" - }, - "Languages": { - "Languages": { - "text": "Azerbaijani 96.1%, other 1.4%; less than 1%: Russian, Avar, Talyshi, Turkish, Tatar, Sakhur, Tat, Ukrainian, Georgian, Hebrew (2019 est.)" - }, - "major-language sample(s)": { - "text": "
Dünya fakt kitabı, əsas məlumatlar üçün əvəz olunmaz mənbədir (Azerbaijani)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - }, - "note": "note: Russian is widely spoken" - }, - "Religions": { - "text": "Muslim 97.3% (predominantly Shia), Christian 2.6%, other <0.1, unaffiliated <0.1 (2020 est.)", - "note": "note: religious affiliation for the majority of Azerbaijanis is largely nominal, percentages for actual practicing adherents are probably much lower" - }, - "Age structure": { - "0-14 years": { - "text": "22.3% (male 1,269,241/female 1,104,529)" - }, - "15-64 years": { - "text": "68.7% (male 3,659,441/female 3,656,493)" - }, - "65 years and over": { - "text": "9% (2024 est.) (male 401,551/female 558,984)" - } - }, - "Dependency ratios": { - "total dependency ratio": { - "text": "45.6 (2025 est.)" - }, - "youth dependency ratio": { - "text": "31.6 (2025 est.)" - }, - "elderly dependency ratio": { - "text": "14 (2025 est.)" - }, - "potential support ratio": { - "text": "7.1 (2025 est.)" - } - }, - "Median age": { - "total": { - "text": "34.8 years (2025 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "32.8 years" - }, - "female": { - "text": "36 years" - } - }, - "Population growth rate": { - "text": "0.4% (2025 est.)" - }, - "Birth rate": { - "text": "11.13 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)" - }, - "Death rate": { - "text": "6.44 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)" - }, - "Net migration rate": { - "text": "-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)" - }, - "Population distribution": { - "text": "highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the country, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly light and evenly distributed population" - }, - "Urbanization": { - "urban population": { - "text": "57.6% of total population (2023)" - }, - "rate of urbanization": { - "text": "1.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data include Nagorno-Karabakh" - }, - "Major urban areas - population": { - "text": "2.432 million BAKU (capital) (2023)" - }, - "Sex ratio": { - "at birth": { - "text": "1.15 male(s)/female" - }, - "0-14 years": { - "text": "1.15 male(s)/female" - }, - "15-64 years": { - "text": "1 male(s)/female" - }, - "65 years and over": { - "text": "0.72 male(s)/female" - }, - "total population": { - "text": "1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)" - } - }, - "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "24 years (2019 est.)" - }, - "Maternal mortality ratio": { - "text": "18 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)" - }, - "Infant mortality rate": { - "total": { - "text": "10.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "12.6 deaths/1,000 live births" - }, - "female": { - "text": "9 deaths/1,000 live births" - } - }, - "Life expectancy at birth": { - "total population": { - "text": "75.9 years (2024 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "73.5 years" - }, - "female": { - "text": "78.6 years" - } - }, - "Total fertility rate": { - "text": "1.69 children born/woman (2025 est.)" - }, - "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.79 (2025 est.)" - }, - "Drinking water source": { - "improved: urban": { - "text": "urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "improved: rural": { - "text": "rural: 94.5% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "improved: total": { - "text": "total: 97.6% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "unimproved: urban": { - "text": "urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "unimproved: rural": { - "text": "rural: 5.5% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "unimproved: total": { - "text": "total: 2.4% of population (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Health expenditure": { - "Health expenditure (as % of GDP)": { - "text": "4.7% of GDP (2021)" - }, - "Health expenditure (as % of national budget)": { - "text": "4.6% of national budget (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Physician density": { - "text": "3.19 physicians/1,000 population (2022)" - }, - "Hospital bed density": { - "text": "3.9 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)" - }, - "Sanitation facility access": { - "improved: urban": { - "text": "urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "unimproved: urban": { - "text": "urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { - "text": "19.9% (2016)" - }, - "Alcohol consumption per capita": { - "total": { - "text": "1.38 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" - }, - "beer": { - "text": "0.36 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" - }, - "wine": { - "text": "0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" - }, - "spirits": { - "text": "0.94 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" - }, - "other alcohols": { - "text": "0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" - } - }, - "Tobacco use": { - "total": { - "text": "18.4% (2025 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "37.9% (2025 est.)" - }, - "female": { - "text": "0.1% (2025 est.)" - } - }, - "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { - "text": "3% (2023 est.)" - }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "59.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Education expenditure": { - "Education expenditure (% GDP)": { - "text": "3.7% of GDP (2023 est.)" - }, - "Education expenditure (% national budget)": { - "text": "11.9% national budget (2025 est.)" - } - }, - "Literacy": { - "total population": { - "text": "99.8% (2023 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "99.8% (2023 est.)" - }, - "female": { - "text": "99.7% (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { - "total": { - "text": "13 years (2023 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "13 years (2023 est.)" - }, - "female": { - "text": "13 years (2023 est.)" - } - } - }, - "Environment": { - "Environmental issues": { - "text": "severe air, soil, and water pollution; soil pollution from oil spills, pesticides, and toxic defoliants used in producing cotton; surface and underground water pollution from untreated municipal and industrial wastewater and agricultural run-off" - }, - "International environmental agreements": { - "party to": { - "text": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands" - }, - "signed, but not ratified": { - "text": "none of the selected agreements" - } - }, - "Climate": { - "text": "dry, semiarid steppe" - }, - "Land use": { - "agricultural land": { - "text": "57.8% (2023 est.)" - }, - "agricultural land: arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 25.3% (2023 est.)" - }, - "agricultural land: permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 3.3% (2023 est.)" - }, - "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 29.2% (2023 est.)" - }, - "forest": { - "text": "14.4% (2023 est.)" - }, - "other": { - "text": "27.7% (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Urbanization": { - "urban population": { - "text": "57.6% of total population (2023)" - }, - "rate of urbanization": { - "text": "1.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data include Nagorno-Karabakh" - }, - "Carbon dioxide emissions": { - "total emissions": { - "text": "38.892 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" - }, - "from coal and metallurgical coke": { - "text": "17,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" - }, - "from petroleum and other liquids": { - "text": "13.954 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" - }, - "from consumed natural gas": { - "text": "24.921 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "27.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)" - }, - "Methane emissions": { - "energy": { - "text": "268.8 kt (2022-2024 est.)" - }, - "agriculture": { - "text": "188.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)" - }, - "waste": { - "text": "93.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)" - }, - "other": { - "text": "1 kt (2019-2021 est.)" - } - }, - "Waste and recycling": { - "municipal solid waste generated annually": { - "text": "2.93 million tons (2024 est.)" - }, - "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { - "text": "14.4% (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Total water withdrawal": { - "municipal": { - "text": "408 million cubic meters (2022 est.)" - }, - "industrial": { - "text": "598 million cubic meters (2022 est.)" - }, - "agricultural": { - "text": "11.962 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Total renewable water resources": { - "text": "34.675 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Government": { - "Country name": { - "conventional long form": { - "text": "Republic of Azerbaijan" - }, - "conventional short form": { - "text": "Azerbaijan" - }, - "local long form": { - "text": "Azarbaycan Respublikasi" - }, - "local short form": { - "text": "Azarbaycan" - }, - "former": { - "text": "Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic" - }, - "etymology": { - "text": "the name can be translated as \"Fire Keeper\" or \"The Land of Fire,\" from the local word azer, or \"fire,\" and baydjan, a word derived from the Iranian word baykan, or \"guardian;\" may refer to fire worshippers who lived in the region" - } - }, - "Government type": { - "text": "presidential republic" - }, - "Capital": { - "name": { - "text": "Baku (Baki, Baky)" - }, - "geographic coordinates": { - "text": "40 23 N, 49 52 E" - }, - "time difference": { - "text": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" - }, - "daylight saving time": { - "text": "does not observe daylight savings time" - }, - "etymology": { - "text": "the name may derive from the Old Persian word badkuba, meaning \"windward\" and referring to its windy location on the shore of the Caspian Sea" - }, - "note": "note: at approximately 28 m below sea level, Baku's elevation makes it the lowest capital city in the world" - }, - "Administrative divisions": { - "text": "66 districts (rayonlar; singular - rayon), 11 cities (saharlar; sahar - singular)

districts: Abseron, Agcabadi, Agdam, Agdas, Agstafa, Agsu, Astara, Babak, Balakan, Barda, Beylaqan, Bilasuvar, Cabrayil, Calilabad, Culfa, Daskasan, Fuzuli, Gadabay, Goranboy, Goycay, Goygol, Haciqabul, Imisli, Ismayilli, Kalbacar, Kangarli, Kurdamir, Lacin, Lankaran, Lerik, Masalli, Neftcala, Oguz, Ordubad, Qabala, Qax, Qazax, Qobustan, Quba, Qubadli, Qusar, Saatli, Sabirabad, Sabran, Sadarak, Sahbuz, Saki, Salyan, Samaxi, Samkir, Samux, Sarur, Siyazan, Susa, Tartar, Tovuz, Ucar, Xacmaz, Xizi, Xocali, Xocavand, Yardimli, Yevlax, Zangilan, Zaqatala, Zardab

cities: Baku, Ganca, Lankaran, Mingacevir, Naftalan, Naxcivan (Nakhichevan), Saki, Sirvan, Sumqayit, Xankandi, Yevlax" - }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, - "Constitution": { - "history": { - "text": "several previous; latest adopted 12 November 1995" - }, - "amendment process": { - "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by at least 63 members of the National Assembly; passage requires at least 95 votes of Assembly members in two separate readings of the draft amendment six months apart and requires presidential approval after each of the two Assembly votes, followed by presidential signature; constitutional articles on the authority, sovereignty, and unity of the people cannot be amended" - } - }, - "International law organization participation": { - "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" - }, - "Citizenship": { - "citizenship by birth": { - "text": "yes" - }, - "citizenship by descent only": { - "text": "yes" - }, - "dual citizenship recognized": { - "text": "no" - }, - "residency requirement for naturalization": { - "text": "5 years" - } - }, - "Suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "Executive branch": { - "chief of state": { - "text": "President Ilham ALIYEV (since 31 October 2003)" - }, - "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Ali ASADOV (since 8 October 2019)" - }, - "cabinet": { - "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly" - }, - "election/appointment process": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds (if needed) for a 7-year term; a single individual is eligible for unlimited terms; prime minister and first deputy prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly" - }, - "most recent election date": { - "text": "7 February 2024" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
2024: Ilham ALIYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 92.1%, Zahid ORUJ (independent) 2.2%; on 16 February 2024, Ali ASADOV reappointed prime minister by parliamentary vote, 105-1

2018: Ilham ALIYEV reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 86%, Zahid ORUJ (independent) 3.1%, other 10.9%" - }, - "expected date of next election": { - "text": "2031" - } - }, - "Legislative branch": { - "legislature name": { - "text": "National Assembly (Milli Majlis)" - }, - "legislative structure": { - "text": "unicameral" - }, - "number of seats": { - "text": "125 (all directly elected)" - }, - "electoral system": { - "text": "plurality/majority" - }, - "scope of elections": { - "text": "full renewal" - }, - "term in office": { - "text": "5 years" - }, - "most recent election date": { - "text": "9/1/2024" - }, - "parties elected and seats per party": { - "text": "New Azerbaidjan Party (YAP) (68); Independents (44); Other (13)" - }, - "percentage of women in chamber": { - "text": "20.8%" - }, - "expected date of next election": { - "text": "November 2029" - } - }, - "Judicial branch": { - "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, vice chairman, and 23 judges in plenum sessions and organized into civil, economic affairs, criminal, and rights violations chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)" - }, - "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Milli Majlis; judges appointed for 10 years; Constitutional Court chairman and deputy chairman appointed by the president; other court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Milli Majlis to serve single 15-year terms" - }, - "subordinate courts": { - "text": "Courts of Appeal (replaced the Economic Court in 2002); district and municipal courts" - } - }, - "Political parties": { - "text": "Azerbaijan Hope Party or ÜMİD
Azerbaijan Democratic Enlightenment Party or ADMP
Azerbaijan National Independence Party or AMİP
Civic Solidarity Party or VHP
Democratic Reforms Party or DiP
Great Order Party or BAP
Justice, Law, Democracy Party or ƏHD
Great Order Party or BQP
Motherland Party or AVP
National Front Party or MCP
National Revival Movement Party or MDHP
New Azerbaijan Party or YAP
Republican Alternative Party or REAL
Unity Party or VƏHDƏT" - }, - "Diplomatic representation in the US": { - "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Khazar IBRAHIM (since 15 September 2021)" - }, - "chancery": { - "text": "2741 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" - }, - "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 337-3500" - }, - "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 337-5911" - }, - "email address and website": { - "text": "
azerbaijan@azembassy.us

https://washington.mfa.gov.az/en" - }, - "consulate(s) general": { - "text": "Los Angeles" - } - }, - "Diplomatic representation from the US": { - "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Amy CARLON (since 23 June 2025)" - }, - "embassy": { - "text": "111 Azadlig Avenue, AZ1007 Baku" - }, - "mailing address": { - "text": "7050 Baku Place, Washington, DC 20521-7050" - }, - "telephone": { - "text": "[994] (12) 488-3300" - }, - "FAX": { - "text": "[994] (12) 488-3330" - }, - "email address and website": { - "text": "
BakuACS@state.gov

https://az.usembassy.gov/" - } - }, - "International organization participation": { - "text": "ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CICA, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" - }, - "Independence": { - "text": "30 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union); 18 October 1991 (adopted by the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan)" - }, - "National holiday": { - "text": "Republic Day (founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan), 28 May (1918)" - }, - "Flag": { - "text": "description: three equal horizontal bands of sky blue (top), red, and green; a vertical crescent moon and an eight-pointed star in white are centered in the red band

meaning: the blue band stands for Azerbaijan's Turkic heritage, red for modernization and progress, and green for Islam; the crescent moon and star are a Turkic insignia; the eight star points represent the eight Turkic peoples of the world" - }, - "National symbol(s)": { - "text": "flames of fire" - }, - "National color(s)": { - "text": "blue, red, green" - }, - "National anthem(s)": { - "title": { - "text": "\"Azerbaijan Marsi\" (March of Azerbaijan)" - }, - "lyrics/music": { - "text": "Ahmed JAVAD/Uzeyir HAJIBEYOV" - }, - "history": { - "text": "adopted 1992; originally written in 1919 during a brief period of independence, but did not become the official anthem until after the dissolution of the Soviet Union" - } - }, - "National heritage": { - "total World Heritage Sites": { - "text": "5 (4 cultural, 1 natural)" - }, - "selected World Heritage Site locales": { - "text": "Walled City of Baku; Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape; Historic Center of Sheki; Cultural Landscape of Khinalig People and \"Koc Yolu\" Transhumance Route" - } - } - }, - "Economy": { - "Economic overview": { - "text": "

upper-middle income, oil-dependent Caucasus economy; minimal economic diversification and dominance of state-owned enterprises; growth and fiscal consolidation supported by oil revenues, but risks remain from demand shocks; potential economic gains from Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire; education investments to diversify and retain human capital

" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024": { - "text": "$225.198 billion (2024 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": { - "text": "$216.388 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": { - "text": "$213.497 billion (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data in 2021 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2024": { - "text": "4.1% (2024 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2023": { - "text": "1.4% (2023 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2022": { - "text": "4.7% (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2024": { - "text": "$22,100 (2024 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2023": { - "text": "$21,300 (2023 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2022": { - "text": "$21,100 (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data in 2021 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$74.316 billion (2024 est.)", - "note": "note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024": { - "text": "2.2% (2024 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": { - "text": "8.8% (2023 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": { - "text": "13.9% (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: annual % change based on consumer prices" - }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "5.7% (2024 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "42.6% (2024 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "42.3% (2024 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data" - }, - "GDP - composition, by end use": { - "household consumption": { - "text": "55.4% (2024 est.)" - }, - "government consumption": { - "text": "14.4% (2024 est.)" - }, - "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "16.8% (2024 est.)" - }, - "investment in inventories": { - "text": "4.3% (2024 est.)" - }, - "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "45.9% (2024 est.)" - }, - "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-36.8% (2024 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection" - }, - "Agricultural products": { - "text": "milk, wheat, barley, potatoes, tomatoes, watermelons, onions, apples, maize, cotton (2023)", - "note": "note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage" - }, - "Industries": { - "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles" - }, - "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "2.1% (2024 est.)", - "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" - }, - "Labor force": { - "text": "5.02 million (2024 est.)", - "note": "note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work" - }, - "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2024": { - "text": "5.6% (2024 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2023": { - "text": "5.7% (2023 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2022": { - "text": "5.7% (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: % of labor force seeking employment" - }, - "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { - "total": { - "text": "13.7% (2024 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "12.3% (2024 est.)" - }, - "female": { - "text": "15.3% (2024 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" - }, - "Average household expenditures": { - "on food": { - "text": "42.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)" - }, - "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Remittances": { - "Remittances 2024": { - "text": "1.8% of GDP (2024 est.)" - }, - "Remittances 2023": { - "text": "2.6% of GDP (2023 est.)" - }, - "Remittances 2022": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities" - }, - "Budget": { - "revenues": { - "text": "$30.966 billion (2022 est.)" - }, - "expenditures": { - "text": "$22.95 billion (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated" - }, - "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "16.8% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" - }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.4% (of GDP) (2022 est.)", - "note": "note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP" - }, - "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2024": { - "text": "$4.671 billion (2024 est.)" - }, - "Current account balance 2023": { - "text": "$8.329 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "Current account balance 2022": { - "text": "$23.478 billion (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars" - }, - "Exports": { - "Exports 2024": { - "text": "$34.113 billion (2024 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2023": { - "text": "$35.487 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2022": { - "text": "$47.274 billion (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars" - }, - "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Italy 37%, Turkey 19%, Israel 5%, Greece 4%, Russia 4% (2023)", - "note": "note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports" - }, - "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, plastics, electricity (2023)", - "note": "note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars" - }, - "Imports": { - "Imports 2024": { - "text": "$27.339 billion (2024 est.)" - }, - "Imports 2023": { - "text": "$25.016 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "Imports 2022": { - "text": "$21.274 billion (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars" - }, - "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Russia 17%, China 16%, Turkey 14%, Georgia 4%, Germany 4% (2023)", - "note": "note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports" - }, - "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, garments (2023)", - "note": "note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars" - }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024": { - "text": "$12.699 billion (2024 est.)" - }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": { - "text": "$13.749 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": { - "text": "$11.338 billion (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars" - }, - "Debt - external": { - "Debt - external 2023": { - "text": "$12.378 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: present value of external debt in current US dollars" - }, - "Exchange rates": { - "Currency": { - "text": "Azerbaijani manats (AZN) per US dollar -" - }, - "Exchange rates 2024": { - "text": "1.7 (2024 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2023": { - "text": "1.7 (2023 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2022": { - "text": "1.7 (2022 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2021": { - "text": "1.7 (2021 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "1.7 (2020 est.)" - } - } - }, - "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Electricity": { - "installed generating capacity": { - "text": "8.383 million kW (2023 est.)" - }, - "consumption": { - "text": "23.857 billion kWh (2023 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "3.246 billion kWh (2023 est.)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "212 million kWh (2023 est.)" - }, - "transmission/distribution losses": { - "text": "2.197 billion kWh (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Electricity generation sources": { - "fossil fuels": { - "text": "93.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" - }, - "solar": { - "text": "0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" - }, - "wind": { - "text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" - }, - "hydroelectricity": { - "text": "5.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" - }, - "biomass and waste": { - "text": "0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Coal": { - "consumption": { - "text": "6,000 metric tons (2023 est.)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "10,000 metric tons (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Petroleum": { - "total petroleum production": { - "text": "618,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)" - }, - "refined petroleum consumption": { - "text": "109,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)" - }, - "crude oil estimated reserves": { - "text": "7 billion barrels (2021 est.)" - } - }, - "Natural gas": { - "production": { - "text": "35.775 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)" - }, - "consumption": { - "text": "12.703 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "23.65 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "2.173 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)" - }, - "proven reserves": { - "text": "1.699 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)" - } - }, - "Energy consumption per capita": { - "Total energy consumption per capita 2023": { - "text": "66.467 million Btu/person (2023 est.)" - } - } - }, - "Communications": { - "Telephones - fixed lines": { - "total subscriptions": { - "text": "1.33 million (2024 est.)" - }, - "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "13 (2024 est.)" - } - }, - "Telephones - mobile cellular": { - "total subscriptions": { - "text": "11.3 million (2024 est.)" - }, - "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "110 (2024 est.)" - } - }, - "Broadcast media": { - "text": "TV is the most popular medium; many homes are hooked up to satellite; all Azerbaijan-based channels promote government positions; state-owned AzTV runs three national channels, and state-funded iTV is a national public service broadcaster; 4 national privately-owned stations; Turkish, Russian, and western TV is available on cable; analog terrestrial TV was phased out in 2016-17; radio outlets focus on entertainment, with around a dozen stations on FM in Baku; newspaper distribution is largely limited to Baku (2023)" - }, - "Internet country code": { - "text": ".az" - }, - "Internet users": { - "percent of population": { - "text": "89% (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { - "total": { - "text": "2.15 million (2023 est.)" - }, - "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "21 (2023 est.)" - } - } - }, - "Transportation": { - "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": { - "text": "4K" - }, - "Airports": { - "text": "32 (2025)" - }, - "Heliports": { - "text": "5 (2025)" - }, - "Railways": { - "total": { - "text": "2,944.3 km (2017)" - }, - "broad gauge": { - "text": "2,944.3 km (2017) 1.520-m gauge (approx. 1,767 km electrified)" - } - }, - "Merchant marine": { - "total": { - "text": "312 (2023)" - }, - "by type": { - "text": "general cargo 40, oil tanker 44, other 228" - } - } - }, - "Military and Security": { - "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Azerbaijan Armed Forces: Land Forces, Air Forces, Navy Forces, Special Forces, State Border Service, Coast Guard

Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Troops, local police forces; Special State Protection Service (SSPS): National Guard (2025)", - "note": "note: the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the State Security Service (intelligence, counterterrorism) are responsible for internal security; the SSPS is under the president and provides protective services to senior officials, foreign missions, significant state assets, government buildings, etc; the National Guard also serves as a reserve for the Army" - }, - "Military expenditures": { - "Military Expenditures 2024": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2024 est.)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2023": { - "text": "4.5% of GDP (2023 est.)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2022": { - "text": "4.5% of GDP (2022 est.)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2020 est.)" - } - }, - "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "information varies widely; estimated 100,000 active Armed Forces personnel (2025)" - }, - "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "Baku has been actively upgrading the military's inventory for over a decade with equipment acquisitions from several sources, including Belarus, China, Israel, Russia, and Türkiye; while most of the military's equipment was once Soviet-era material, it now fields quantities of modern armaments, including armored vehicles, artillery systems, air defense systems, fighter aircraft, tanks, and UAVs (2025)" - }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-30 years of age for compulsory military service for men; 18-35 years of age voluntary/contractual service for men (18-40 for women volunteers); 18 months service for conscripts, 36 months for voluntary/contractual service (2025)" - }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "the Azerbaijani military was established in 1991, although its origins go back to 1918; much of the military’s original equipment was acquired from former Soviet military forces that departed Azerbaijan by 1992; territorial defense is the military’s primary focus, particularly with regards to neighboring Armenia; a secondary focus is guarding against Iran; Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in open conflicts over the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave in 1991-94 and 2020; tensions continued following the 2020 conflict, and Azerbaijan seized the entire enclave in 2023 

key bilateral security relationships include Israel, Russia, and Turkiye; Azerbaijan's ties with Turkiye have included weapons transfers, technical advice, bilateral training exercises, and military support during its conflicts with Armenia; Azerbaijan is not part of NATO but has had a cooperative relationship with it dating back to when it joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and has provided troops to NATO-led missions in Kosovo (1999-2008) and Afghanistan (2002-2014) (2025)" - } - }, - "Space": { - "Space agency/agencies": { - "text": "Space Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azercosmos; established 2010 as a state-owned satellite operating company); Azerbaijan National Aerospace Agency (NASA; Azərbaycan Milli Aerokosmik Agentliyi, MAKA; established 1992; since 2006, has operated under the Ministry of Defense Industry) (2025)" - }, - "Space program overview": { - "text": "largely focused on the acquisition and operation of satellites; operates foreign-built communications and remote sensing (RS) satellites; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of China, the ESA (bilaterally with individual member states such as France), Israel, Russia, Turkey, and the US; Azercosmos is the largest satellite operator in the Caucasus region (2025)" - }, - "Key space-program milestones": { - "text": "2013 - first communications satellite (Azerspace-1) built by US company and launched on European rocket

2014 - took operational control over remote sensing (RS) satellite (SPOT-7, now Azersky) from a French company (satellite ceased operations in 2023)

2017 - second communications satellite (Azerspace-2) built by US company and launched on European rocket

2023 - agreed to participate in China's International Lunar Research Station Cooperation project, which aims to establish a base on the Moon in the 2030s; signed agreement with Israel to jointly develop two multi-spectral RS satellites (Azersky-2 program) for scheduled launches in 2026 and 2028 (2025)" - } - }, - "Terrorism": { - "Terrorist group(s)": { - "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Force", - "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide" - } - }, - "Transnational Issues": { - "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { - "refugees": { - "text": "6,698 (2024 est.)" - }, - "IDPs": { - "text": "657,996 (2024 est.)" - }, - "stateless persons": { - "text": "271 (2024 est.)" - } - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file From 3c3514fb9a61c6e3191e394b99871fb038684d99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LukasiJan-komo Date: Sun, 17 May 2026 17:58:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 08/11] chore: move gg.json to central-asia (fixes #18) --- central-asia/gg.json | 4 ++++ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+) create mode 100644 central-asia/gg.json diff --git a/central-asia/gg.json b/central-asia/gg.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..86465e55 --- /dev/null +++ b/central-asia/gg.json @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +{ + "Introduction": { + "Background": { + \ No newline at end of file From e4bdeaec908cea8ebb9f1456caa2d35022fb7a98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LukasiJan-komo Date: Sun, 17 May 2026 18:05:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 09/11] chore: remove incorrect gg.json --- central-asia/gg.json | 4 ---- 1 file changed, 4 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 central-asia/gg.json diff --git a/central-asia/gg.json b/central-asia/gg.json deleted file mode 100644 index 86465e55..00000000 --- a/central-asia/gg.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -{ - "Introduction": { - "Background": { - \ No newline at end of file From 5670ab964413d7a0837f93e8ebc4b964867e8b9b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LukasiJan-komo Date: Sun, 17 May 2026 18:05:20 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 10/11] chore: move gg.json to central-asia (fixes #18) --- central-asia/gg.json | 1189 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1189 insertions(+) create mode 100644 central-asia/gg.json diff --git a/central-asia/gg.json b/central-asia/gg.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4c890e8e --- /dev/null +++ b/central-asia/gg.json @@ -0,0 +1,1189 @@ +{ + "Introduction": { + "Background": { + "text": "The region of present-day Georgia once contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis (known as Egrisi locally) and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D., and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Persian, Arab, and Turk domination was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short when the Mongols invaded in 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1921 and regained its independence when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991.

In 2003, mounting public discontent over rampant corruption, ineffective government services, and a government attempt to manipulate parliamentary elections touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, who had been president since 1995. In the aftermath of this \"Rose Revolution,\" new elections in 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI and his United National Movement (UNM) party into power. SAAKASHVILI made progress on market reforms and governance, but he faced accusations of abuse of office. Progress was further complicated when Russian support for the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia led to a five-day conflict between Russia and Georgia in August 2008, which included Russia invading large portions of Georgian territory. Russia initially pledged to pull back from most Georgian territory but then unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and Russian military forces have remained in those regions.

Billionaire Bidzina IVANISHVILI's unexpected entry into politics in 2011 brought the divided opposition together under his Georgian Dream coalition, which won a majority of seats in the 2012 parliamentary elections and removed UNM from power. Conceding defeat, SAAKASHVILI named IVANISHVILI as prime minister and left the country after his presidential term ended in 2013. IVANISHVILI voluntarily resigned from office after the presidential succession, and in the years since, the prime minister position has seen frequent turnover. In 2021, SAAKASHVILI returned to Georgia, where he was immediately arrested to serve six years in prison on outstanding abuse-of-office convictions.

Popular support for integration with the West is high in Georgia. Joining the EU and NATO are among the country's top foreign policy goals, and Georgia applied for EU membership in 2022, becoming a candidate country in December 2023. Georgia and the EU have a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement, and since 2017, Georgian citizens have been able to travel to the Schengen area without a visa." + } + }, + "Geography": { + "Location": { + "text": "Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, with a sliver of land north of the Caucasus extending into Europe; note - Georgia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both" + }, + "Geographic coordinates": { + "text": "42 00 N, 43 30 E" + }, + "Map references": { + "text": "Asia" + }, + "Area": { + "total ": { + "text": "69,700 sq km" + }, + "land": { + "text": "69,700 sq km" + }, + "water": { + "text": "0 sq km" + }, + "note": "note: approximately 12,560 sq km, or about 18% of Georgia's area, is Russian-occupied; the seized area includes all of Abkhazia and the breakaway region of South Ossetia, which consists of the northern part of Shida Kartli, eastern slivers of the Imereti region, Racha-Lechkhumi, Kvemo Svaneti, and part of western Mtskheta-Mtianeti" + }, + "Area - comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than South Carolina; slightly larger than West Virginia" + }, + "Land boundaries": { + "total": { + "text": "1,814 km" + }, + "border countries": { + "text": "Armenia 219 km; Azerbaijan 428 km; Russia 894 km; Turkey 273 km" + } + }, + "Coastline": { + "text": "310 km" + }, + "Maritime claims": { + "territorial sea": { + "text": "12 nm" + }, + "exclusive economic zone": { + "text": "200 nm" + } + }, + "Climate": { + "text": "warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast" + }, + "Terrain": { + "text": "largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; fertile soils in river valley flood plains and foothills of Kolkhida Lowland" + }, + "Elevation": { + "highest point": { + "text": "Mt'a Shkhara 5,193 m" + }, + "lowest point": { + "text": "Black Sea 0 m" + }, + "mean elevation": { + "text": "1,432 m" + } + }, + "Natural resources": { + "text": "timber, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth" + }, + "Land use": { + "agricultural land": { + "text": "34.1% (2023 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.4% (2023 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2023 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 27.9% (2023 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "44.6% (2023 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "21.2% (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Irrigated land": { + "text": "4,330 sq km (2012)" + }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest" + }, + "Natural hazards": { + "text": "earthquakes" + }, + "Geography - note": { + "text": "note 1: strategically located east of the Black Sea, Georgia controls much of the Caucasus Mountains and the routes through them

note 2: the world's four deepest caves are all in Georgia, including two that are the only known caves on earth deeper than 2,000 m: Krubera Cave at -2,197 m (-7,208 ft; reached in 2012) and Veryovkina Cave at -2,212 (-7,257 ft; reached in 2018)" + } + }, + "People and Society": { + "Population": { + "total": { + "text": "4,900,961 (2024 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "2,343,068" + }, + "female": { + "text": "2,557,893" + } + }, + "Nationality": { + "noun": { + "text": "Georgian(s)" + }, + "adjective": { + "text": "Georgian" + } + }, + "Ethnic groups": { + "text": "Georgian 86.8%, Azeri 6.3%, Armenian 4.5%, other 2.3% (includes Russian, Ossetian, Yazidi, Ukrainian, Kist, Greek) (2014 est.)" + }, + "Languages": { + "Languages": { + "text": "Georgian (official) 87.6%, Azeri 6.2%, Armenian 3.9%, Russian 1.2%, other 1% (including Abkhaz, the official language in Abkhazia) (2014 est.)" + }, + "major-language sample(s)": { + "text": "
მსოფლიო ფაქტების წიგნი, ძირითადი ინფორმაციის აუცილებელი წყარო. (Georgian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." + } + }, + "Religions": { + "text": "Eastern Orthodox Christian (official) 83.4%, Muslim 10.7%, Armenian Apostolic Christian 2.9%, other 1.2% (includes Roman Catholic Christian, Jehovah's Witness, Yazidi, Protestant Christian, Jewish), none 0.5%, unspecified/no answer 1.2% (2014 est.)" + }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "20.6% (male 520,091/female 489,882)" + }, + "15-64 years": { + "text": "62.7% (male 1,500,036/female 1,572,637)" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "16.7% (2024 est.) (male 322,941/female 495,374)" + } + }, + "Dependency ratios": { + "total dependency ratio": { + "text": "59.5 (2024 est.)" + }, + "youth dependency ratio": { + "text": "32.9 (2024 est.)" + }, + "elderly dependency ratio": { + "text": "26.6 (2024 est.)" + }, + "potential support ratio": { + "text": "3.8 (2024 est.)" + } + }, + "Median age": { + "total": { + "text": "38.6 years (2025 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "35.9 years" + }, + "female": { + "text": "40.6 years" + } + }, + "Population growth rate": { + "text": "-0.45% (2025 est.)" + }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "11.74 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "12.89 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)" + }, + "Net migration rate": { + "text": "-3.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)" + }, + "Population distribution": { + "text": "settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest" + }, + "Urbanization": { + "urban population": { + "text": "60.7% of total population (2023)" + }, + "rate of urbanization": { + "text": "0.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data include Abkhazia and South Ossetia" + }, + "Major urban areas - population": { + "text": "1.082 million TBILISI (capital) (2023)" + }, + "Sex ratio": { + "at birth": { + "text": "1.07 male(s)/female" + }, + "0-14 years": { + "text": "1.06 male(s)/female" + }, + "15-64 years": { + "text": "0.95 male(s)/female" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "0.65 male(s)/female" + }, + "total population": { + "text": "0.92 male(s)/female (2024 est.)" + } + }, + "Mother's mean age at first birth": { + "text": "25.9 years (2019 est.)", + "note": "note: data does not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia" + }, + "Maternal mortality ratio": { + "text": "20 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)" + }, + "Infant mortality rate": { + "total": { + "text": "20.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "23.6 deaths/1,000 live births" + }, + "female": { + "text": "19.7 deaths/1,000 live births" + } + }, + "Life expectancy at birth": { + "total population": { + "text": "72.8 years (2024 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "68.7 years" + }, + "female": { + "text": "77.2 years" + } + }, + "Total fertility rate": { + "text": "1.94 children born/woman (2025 est.)" + }, + "Gross reproduction rate": { + "text": "0.94 (2025 est.)" + }, + "Drinking water source": { + "improved: urban": { + "text": "urban: 99.2% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "improved: rural": { + "text": "rural: 88.5% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "improved: total": { + "text": "total: 95% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "unimproved: urban": { + "text": "urban: 0.8% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "unimproved: rural": { + "text": "rural: 11.5% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "unimproved: total": { + "text": "total: 5% of population (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Health expenditure": { + "Health expenditure (as % of GDP)": { + "text": "7.4% of GDP (2022)" + }, + "Health expenditure (as % of national budget)": { + "text": "10.5% of national budget (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Physician density": { + "text": "5.64 physicians/1,000 population (2023)" + }, + "Hospital bed density": { + "text": "4.9 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)" + }, + "Sanitation facility access": { + "improved: urban": { + "text": "urban: 96.6% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "improved: rural": { + "text": "rural: 72.5% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "improved: total": { + "text": "total: 87.1% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "unimproved: urban": { + "text": "urban: 3.4% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "unimproved: rural": { + "text": "rural: 27.5% of population (2022 est.)" + }, + "unimproved: total": { + "text": "total: 12.9% of population (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { + "text": "21.7% (2016)" + }, + "Alcohol consumption per capita": { + "total": { + "text": "7.45 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" + }, + "beer": { + "text": "1.71 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" + }, + "wine": { + "text": "3.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" + }, + "spirits": { + "text": "2.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" + }, + "other alcohols": { + "text": "0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" + } + }, + "Tobacco use": { + "total": { + "text": "28.7% (2025 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "53.9% (2025 est.)" + }, + "female": { + "text": "7.5% (2025 est.)" + } + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "2.1% (2018 est.)" + }, + "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { + "text": "65.3% (2018 est.)" + }, + "Child marriage": { + "women married by age 15": { + "text": "0.3% (2018)" + }, + "women married by age 18": { + "text": "13.9% (2018)" + }, + "men married by age 18": { + "text": "0.5% (2018)" + } + }, + "Education expenditure": { + "Education expenditure (% GDP)": { + "text": "4% of GDP (2024 est.)" + }, + "Education expenditure (% national budget)": { + "text": "12.2% national budget (2024 est.)" + } + }, + "Literacy": { + "total population": { + "text": "99.7% (2024 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "99.8% (2024 est.)" + }, + "female": { + "text": "99.6% (2024 est.)" + } + }, + "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { + "total": { + "text": "16 years (2023 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "16 years (2023 est.)" + }, + "female": { + "text": "17 years (2023 est.)" + } + } + }, + "Environment": { + "Environmental issues": { + "text": "air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy water pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals; land and forest degradation; biodiversity loss; waste management" + }, + "International environmental agreements": { + "party to": { + "text": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands" + }, + "signed, but not ratified": { + "text": "none of the selected agreements" + } + }, + "Climate": { + "text": "warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast" + }, + "Land use": { + "agricultural land": { + "text": "34.1% (2023 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: arable land": { + "text": "arable land: 4.4% (2023 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent crops": { + "text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2023 est.)" + }, + "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { + "text": "permanent pasture: 27.9% (2023 est.)" + }, + "forest": { + "text": "44.6% (2023 est.)" + }, + "other": { + "text": "21.2% (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Urbanization": { + "urban population": { + "text": "60.7% of total population (2023)" + }, + "rate of urbanization": { + "text": "0.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data include Abkhazia and South Ossetia" + }, + "Carbon dioxide emissions": { + "total emissions": { + "text": "10.7 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" + }, + "from coal and metallurgical coke": { + "text": "812,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" + }, + "from petroleum and other liquids": { + "text": "4.469 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" + }, + "from consumed natural gas": { + "text": "5.419 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "18.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)" + }, + "Waste and recycling": { + "municipal solid waste generated annually": { + "text": "800,000 tons (2024 est.)" + }, + "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { + "text": "19.6% (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Total water withdrawal": { + "municipal": { + "text": "504.96 million cubic meters (2022)" + }, + "industrial": { + "text": "354.46 million cubic meters (2022)" + }, + "agricultural": { + "text": "433.96 million cubic meters (2022)" + } + }, + "Total renewable water resources": { + "text": "63.33 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Government": { + "Country name": { + "conventional long form": { + "text": "none" + }, + "conventional short form": { + "text": "Georgia" + }, + "local long form": { + "text": "Republic of Georgia" + }, + "local short form": { + "text": "Sak'art'velo" + }, + "former": { + "text": "Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "the Western name probably derives from the name of the local people, the Gurz, whose name origin is uncertain; the native name \"Sak'art'velo\" means \"Land of the Kartvelians\" and refers to the core central Georgian region of Kartli" + } + }, + "Government type": { + "text": "semi-presidential republic" + }, + "Capital": { + "name": { + "text": "Tbilisi" + }, + "geographic coordinates": { + "text": "41 41 N, 44 50 E" + }, + "time difference": { + "text": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" + }, + "etymology": { + "text": "the name comes from the Georgian word tbili, meaning \"warm\" and referring to the hot sulfur springs in the area" + } + }, + "Administrative divisions": { + "text": "9 regions (mkharebi, singular - mkhare), 1 city (kalaki), and 2 autonomous republics (avtomnoy respubliki, singular - avtom respublika)

regions: Guria, Imereti, Kakheti, Kvemo Kartli, Mtskheta Mtianeti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Samegrelo and Zemo Svaneti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Shida Kartli; note - the breakaway region of South Ossetia consists of the northern part of Shida Kartli, eastern slivers of the Imereti region and Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, and part of western Mtskheta-Mtianeti

city: Tbilisi

autonomous republics: Abkhazia or Ap'khazet'is Avtonomiuri Respublika (Sokhumi), Ajaria or Acharis Avtonomiuri Respublika (Bat'umi)", + "note": "note 1: the administrative centers of the two autonomous republics are shown in parentheses

note 2: the United States recognizes the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia as part of Georgia" + }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, + "Constitution": { + "history": { + "text": "previous 1921, 1978 (based on 1977 Soviet Union constitution); latest approved 24 August 1995, effective 17 October 1995" + }, + "amendment process": { + "text": "proposed as a draft law supported by more than one half of the Parliament membership or by petition of at least 200,000 voters; passage requires support by at least three fourths of the Parliament membership in two successive sessions three months apart and the signature and promulgation by the president of Georgia" + } + }, + "International law organization participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "Citizenship": { + "citizenship by birth": { + "text": "no" + }, + "citizenship by descent only": { + "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Georgia" + }, + "dual citizenship recognized": { + "text": "no" + }, + "residency requirement for naturalization": { + "text": "10 years" + } + }, + "Suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "Executive branch": { + "chief of state": { + "text": "President Mikheil KAVELASHVILI (since 29 December 2024)" + }, + "head of government": { + "text": "Prime Minister Irakli KOBAKHIDZE (since 8 February 2024)" + }, + "cabinet": { + "text": "Cabinet of Ministers" + }, + "election/appointment process": { + "text": "president elected by a 300-member College of Electors; prime minister nominated by Parliament, appointed by the president" + }, + "most recent election date": { + "text": "14 December 2024" + }, + "election results": { + "text": "
2024: Mikheil KAVELASHVILI (Georgian Dream Party) was formally inaugurated on 29 December 2024

2024: Irakli KOBAKHIDZE approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 84-10

2018: Salome ZOURABICHVILI elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Salome ZOURABICHVILI (independent, backed by Georgian Dream) 59.5%, Grigol VASHADZE (UNM) 40.5%; Irakli GARIBASHVILI approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 89-2" + }, + "expected date of next election": { + "text": "2029" + } + }, + "Legislative branch": { + "legislature name": { + "text": "Parliament (Sakartvelos Parlamenti)" + }, + "legislative structure": { + "text": "unicameral" + }, + "number of seats": { + "text": "150 (all directly elected)" + }, + "electoral system": { + "text": "proportional representation" + }, + "scope of elections": { + "text": "full renewal" + }, + "term in office": { + "text": "4 years" + }, + "most recent election date": { + "text": "10/26/2024" + }, + "parties elected and seats per party": { + "text": "Georgian Dream (89); Coalition for Changes (19); Unity - National Movement (16); Strong Georgia – Lelo, For people, For Liberty! (14); For Georgia (12)" + }, + "percentage of women in chamber": { + "text": "16.8%" + }, + "expected date of next election": { + "text": "October 2028" + } + }, + "Judicial branch": { + "highest court(s)": { + "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges organized into several specialized judicial chambers; number of judges determined by the president of Georgia); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges) " + }, + "judge selection and term of office": { + "text": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the High Council of Justice (a 14-member body consisting of the Supreme Court chairperson, common court judges, and appointees of the president of Georgia) and appointed by Parliament; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed 3 each by the president, by Parliament, and by the Supreme Court judges; judges appointed for 10-year terms" + }, + "subordinate courts": { + "text": "Courts of Appeal; regional (town) and district courts" + }, + "note": "note: the Abkhazian and Ajarian Autonomous republics each have a supreme court and a hierarchy of lower courts" + }, + "Political parties": { + "text": "Ahali
Citizens
Conservative Party
Droa
European Georgia - Movement for Liberty
For Georgia
For the People
Freedom Square
Georgian Dream
Girchi - More Freedom
Law and Justice
Lelo for Georgia
National Democratic Party
People's Power
Progress and Freedom
Republican Party
State for the People
Strategy Aghmashenebeli
United National Movement or UNM" + }, + "Diplomatic representation in the US": { + "chief of mission": { + "text": "Ambassador Tamar TALIASHVILI (since 24 July 2025)" + }, + "chancery": { + "text": "1824 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009" + }, + "telephone": { + "text": "[1] (202) 387-2390" + }, + "FAX": { + "text": "[1] (202) 387-0864" + }, + "email address and website": { + "text": "
embgeo.usa@mfa.gov.ge

https://georgiaembassyusa.org/contact/" + }, + "consulate(s) general": { + "text": "New York, San Francisco" + } + }, + "Diplomatic representation from the US": { + "chief of mission": { + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Alan S. PURCELL (since 16 July 2025)" + }, + "embassy": { + "text": "29 Georgian-American Friendship Avenue, Didi Dighomi, Tbilisi, 0131" + }, + "mailing address": { + "text": "7060 Tbilisi Place, Washington, DC  20521-7060" + }, + "telephone": { + "text": "[995] (32) 227-70-00" + }, + "FAX": { + "text": "[995] (32) 253-23-10" + }, + "email address and website": { + "text": "
askconsultbilisi@state.gov

https://ge.usembassy.gov/" + } + }, + "International organization participation": { + "text": "ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CPLP (associate), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-11, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "Independence": { + "text": "9 April 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier date: A.D. 1008 (Georgia unified under King BAGRAT III)" + }, + "National holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 26 May (1918)", + "note": "note: 26 May 1918 was the date of independence from Soviet Russia; 9 April 1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union" + }, + "Flag": { + "text": "description: white rectangle with a central red cross extending to all four sides of the flag; each of the four quadrants displays a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross (also known as Bolnisi cross), which has equal-length arms that are slightly wider at the end than in the center

history: sometimes referred to as the Five-Cross Flag, the design is based on a 14th-century banner of the Kingdom of Georgia" + }, + "National symbol(s)": { + "text": "Saint George, lion" + }, + "National color(s)": { + "text": "red, white" + }, + "National anthem(s)": { + "title": { + "text": "\"Tavisupleba\" (Liberty)" + }, + "lyrics/music": { + "text": "Davit MAGRADSE/Zakaria PALIASHVILI (adapted by Joseb KETSCHAKMADSE)" + }, + "history": { + "text": "adopted 2004, after the Rose Revolution; based on music from the operas \"Abesalom da Eteri\" and \"Daisi\"" + } + }, + "National heritage": { + "total World Heritage Sites": { + "text": "4 (3 cultural, 1 natural)" + }, + "selected World Heritage Site locales": { + "text": "Gelati Monastery (c); Historical Monuments of Mtskheta (c); Upper Svaneti (c); Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands (n)" + } + } + }, + "Economy": { + "Economic overview": { + "text": "

upper-middle income, fast-growing South Caucasus economy; regionally focused exporter of cars, metal ores, and energy; financial and migrant inflows resulting from Ukraine conflict; EU accession talks suspended over disputed election and foreign influence law; low inflation but persistent high unemployment

" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024": { + "text": "$91.849 billion (2024 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": { + "text": "$83.935 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": { + "text": "$77.838 billion (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data in 2021 dollars" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2024": { + "text": "9.4% (2024 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2023": { + "text": "7.8% (2023 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2022": { + "text": "11% (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency" + }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2024": { + "text": "$25,000 (2024 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2023": { + "text": "$22,600 (2023 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2022": { + "text": "$21,000 (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data in 2021 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$33.776 billion (2024 est.)", + "note": "note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024": { + "text": "1.1% (2024 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": { + "text": "2.5% (2023 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": { + "text": "11.9% (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: annual % change based on consumer prices" + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "5.4% (2024 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "19.1% (2024 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "62.8% (2024 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data" + }, + "GDP - composition, by end use": { + "household consumption": { + "text": "71.3% (2024 est.)" + }, + "government consumption": { + "text": "13.4% (2024 est.)" + }, + "investment in fixed capital": { + "text": "22% (2024 est.)" + }, + "investment in inventories": { + "text": "0.8% (2024 est.)" + }, + "exports of goods and services": { + "text": "48.4% (2024 est.)" + }, + "imports of goods and services": { + "text": "-56% (2024 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection" + }, + "Agricultural products": { + "text": "milk, grapes, potatoes, maize, wheat, tangerines/mandarins, tomatoes, barley, apples, eggs (2023)", + "note": "note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage" + }, + "Industries": { + "text": "steel, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese, copper, gold), chemicals, wood products, wine" + }, + "Industrial production growth rate": { + "text": "5.4% (2024 est.)", + "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" + }, + "Labor force": { + "text": "1.833 million (2024 est.)", + "note": "note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work" + }, + "Unemployment rate": { + "Unemployment rate 2024": { + "text": "11.5% (2024 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2023": { + "text": "11.6% (2023 est.)" + }, + "Unemployment rate 2022": { + "text": "11.7% (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: % of labor force seeking employment" + }, + "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { + "total": { + "text": "29.9% (2024 est.)" + }, + "male": { + "text": "28.4% (2024 est.)" + }, + "female": { + "text": "32.4% (2024 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" + }, + "Population below poverty line": { + "text": "11.8% (2023 est.)", + "note": "note: % of population with income below national poverty line" + }, + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { + "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023": { + "text": "34.8 (2023 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality" + }, + "Average household expenditures": { + "on food": { + "text": "39% of household expenditures (2023 est.)" + }, + "on alcohol and tobacco": { + "text": "3.8% of household expenditures (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { + "lowest 10%": { + "text": "2.7% (2023 est.)" + }, + "highest 10%": { + "text": "26.9% (2023 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population" + }, + "Remittances": { + "Remittances 2024": { + "text": "11.8% of GDP (2024 est.)" + }, + "Remittances 2023": { + "text": "13.7% of GDP (2023 est.)" + }, + "Remittances 2022": { + "text": "15.4% of GDP (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities" + }, + "Budget": { + "revenues": { + "text": "$8.686 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "expenditures": { + "text": "$9.307 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated" + }, + "Public debt": { + "Public debt 2023": { + "text": "43.4% of GDP (2023 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" + }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "23.6% (of GDP) (2023 est.)", + "note": "note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP" + }, + "Current account balance": { + "Current account balance 2024": { + "text": "-$1.491 billion (2024 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2023": { + "text": "-$1.709 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "Current account balance 2022": { + "text": "-$1.105 billion (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars" + }, + "Exports": { + "Exports 2024": { + "text": "$16.321 billion (2024 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2023": { + "text": "$15.173 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "Exports 2022": { + "text": "$13.24 billion (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars" + }, + "Exports - partners": { + "text": "Azerbaijan 13%, Turkey 11%, Armenia 11%, Russia 10%, Kyrgyzstan 8% (2023)", + "note": "note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports" + }, + "Exports - commodities": { + "text": "cars, copper ore, electricity, garments, wine (2023)", + "note": "note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars" + }, + "Imports": { + "Imports 2024": { + "text": "$18.915 billion (2024 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2023": { + "text": "$17.816 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "Imports 2022": { + "text": "$15.665 billion (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars" + }, + "Imports - partners": { + "text": "Turkey 16%, USA 13%, Russia 11%, China 8%, Germany 6% (2023)", + "note": "note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports" + }, + "Imports - commodities": { + "text": "cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, natural gas, garments (2023)", + "note": "note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024": { + "text": "$4.447 billion (2024 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": { + "text": "$5.002 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": { + "text": "$4.886 billion (2022 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars" + }, + "Debt - external": { + "Debt - external 2023": { + "text": "$9.085 billion (2023 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: present value of external debt in current US dollars" + }, + "Exchange rates": { + "Currency": { + "text": "laris (GEL) per US dollar -" + }, + "Exchange rates 2024": { + "text": "2.721 (2024 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "2.628 (2023 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "2.916 (2022 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "3.222 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "3.109 (2020 est.)" + } + } + }, + "Energy": { + "Electricity access": { + "electrification - total population": { + "text": "100% (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Electricity": { + "installed generating capacity": { + "text": "4.526 million kW (2023 est.)" + }, + "consumption": { + "text": "12.569 billion kWh (2023 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "4.913 billion kWh (2023 est.)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "4.234 billion kWh (2023 est.)" + }, + "transmission/distribution losses": { + "text": "1.148 billion kWh (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Electricity generation sources": { + "fossil fuels": { + "text": "23.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" + }, + "wind": { + "text": "0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" + }, + "hydroelectricity": { + "text": "75.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Coal": { + "production": { + "text": "148,000 metric tons (2023 est.)" + }, + "consumption": { + "text": "384,000 metric tons (2023 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "80 metric tons (2023 est.)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "223,000 metric tons (2023 est.)" + }, + "proven reserves": { + "text": "900.999 million metric tons (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Petroleum": { + "total petroleum production": { + "text": "300 bbl/day (2023 est.)" + }, + "refined petroleum consumption": { + "text": "34,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)" + }, + "crude oil estimated reserves": { + "text": "35 million barrels (2021 est.)" + } + }, + "Natural gas": { + "production": { + "text": "10.77 million cubic meters (2023 est.)" + }, + "consumption": { + "text": "2.775 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "2.764 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)" + }, + "proven reserves": { + "text": "8.495 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)" + } + }, + "Energy consumption per capita": { + "Total energy consumption per capita 2023": { + "text": "56.076 million Btu/person (2023 est.)" + } + } + }, + "Communications": { + "Telephones - fixed lines": { + "total subscriptions": { + "text": "278,000 (2023 est.)" + }, + "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { + "text": "7 (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Telephones - mobile cellular": { + "total subscriptions": { + "text": "5.91 million (2023 est.)" + }, + "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { + "text": "156 (2022 est.)" + } + }, + "Broadcast media": { + "text": "state-owned Georgian Public Broadcaster (GPB) includes Channel 1, Channel 2, and Adjara TV; independent commercial TV broadcasters include Imedi, Rustavi 2, Pirveli TV, Maestro, Kavkasia, Georgian Dream Studios (GDS), Obiektivi, Mtavari Arkhi, and TOK TV (Russian language); Tabula and Post TV are web-based TV outlets; Georgian Orthodox Church operates a satellite-based television station called Unanimity; 26 regional TV broadcasters; TV shifted to digital in 2015; several dozen private radio stations; GPB operates 2 radio stations (2019)" + }, + "Internet country code": { + "text": ".ge" + }, + "Internet users": { + "percent of population": { + "text": "82% (2023 est.)" + } + }, + "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { + "total": { + "text": "1.1 million (2023 est.)" + }, + "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { + "text": "29 (2023 est.)" + } + } + }, + "Transportation": { + "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": { + "text": "4L" + }, + "Airports": { + "text": "21 (2025)" + }, + "Heliports": { + "text": "4 (2025)" + }, + "Railways": { + "total": { + "text": "1,363 km (2014)" + }, + "narrow gauge": { + "text": "37 km (2014) 0.912-m gauge (37 km electrified)" + }, + "broad gauge": { + "text": "1,326 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge (1,251 km electrified)" + } + }, + "Merchant marine": { + "total": { + "text": "26 (2023)" + }, + "by type": { + "text": "general cargo 3, other 23" + } + }, + "Ports": { + "total ports": { + "text": "3 (2024)" + }, + "large": { + "text": "0" + }, + "medium": { + "text": "0" + }, + "small": { + "text": "1" + }, + "very small": { + "text": "2" + }, + "ports with oil terminals": { + "text": "2" + }, + "key ports": { + "text": "Batumi, Sokhumi, Supsa Marine Terminal" + } + } + }, + "Military and Security": { + "Military and security forces": { + "text": "Georgian Defense Forces (GDF; aka Defense Forces of Georgia, DFG): Ground Forces, Air Force, Special Operations Forces, National Guard

Ministry of Internal Affairs: Police, Border Police of Georgia, Coast Guard of Georgia (includes naval forces, which were merged with the Coast Guard in 2009) (2025)" + }, + "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2024": { + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2024 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2023": { + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2023 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2022": { + "text": "1.6% of GDP (2022 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2021": { + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2021 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" + } + }, + "Military and security service personnel strengths": { + "text": "the Georgia Defense Forces are authorized up to 37,000 personnel (2025)" + }, + "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { + "text": "the majority of the military's inventory consists of Soviet-era weapons and equipment, some of which has been upgraded; it has smaller quantities of mostly secondhand material from such countries as Israel, Poland, Türkiye, and the US, as well as some domestically produced equipment; Georgia has a small defense industry which produces such items as small arms and light armored vehicles (2025)" + }, + "Military service age and obligation": { + "text": "18-35 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription was abolished in 2016, but reinstated in 2017 for men 18-27 years of age; conscript service obligation is up to 11 months depending on the assigned ministry, job specialty, and if the service is carried out in a combat unit (2025)", + "note": "note: conscripts serve in the Defense Forces, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, or the Ministry of Corrections" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "the Defense Forces of Georgia (DFG) are responsible for protecting the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the country; the DFG also provides units for multinational military operations abroad and supports the Border Police in border protection and civil authorities in counter-terrorist operations, if requested; it is focused primarily on Russia, which maintains military bases and troops in occupied Abkhazia and South Ossetia; a five-day conflict with Russian forces in 2008 resulted in the defeat and expulsion of Georgian forces from the breakaway regions 

Georgia is not a member of NATO but has had a relationship with the Alliance since 1992 and declared its aspiration to join in 2002; the military is working to make itself more compatible with NATO and has participated in multinational exercises and security operations abroad with NATO, such as Afghanistan, where it was one of the top non-NATO contributors, and Kosovo; the DFG has also contributed troops to EU and UN missions (2025)" + } + }, + "Transnational Issues": { + "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { + "refugees": { + "text": "31,791 (2024 est.)" + }, + "IDPs": { + "text": "347,754 (2024 est.)" + }, + "stateless persons": { + "text": "488 (2024 est.)" + } + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file From 360ddc1bb5c6633bf6be1a92aff528fc96ccba42 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: LukasiJan-komo Date: Sun, 17 May 2026 18:05:34 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 11/11] chore: remove gg.json from middle-east (moved to central-asia) --- middle-east/gg.json | 1189 ------------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 1189 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 middle-east/gg.json diff --git a/middle-east/gg.json b/middle-east/gg.json deleted file mode 100644 index 4c890e8e..00000000 --- a/middle-east/gg.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1189 +0,0 @@ -{ - "Introduction": { - "Background": { - "text": "The region of present-day Georgia once contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis (known as Egrisi locally) and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D., and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Persian, Arab, and Turk domination was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short when the Mongols invaded in 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1921 and regained its independence when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991.

In 2003, mounting public discontent over rampant corruption, ineffective government services, and a government attempt to manipulate parliamentary elections touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, who had been president since 1995. In the aftermath of this \"Rose Revolution,\" new elections in 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI and his United National Movement (UNM) party into power. SAAKASHVILI made progress on market reforms and governance, but he faced accusations of abuse of office. Progress was further complicated when Russian support for the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia led to a five-day conflict between Russia and Georgia in August 2008, which included Russia invading large portions of Georgian territory. Russia initially pledged to pull back from most Georgian territory but then unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and Russian military forces have remained in those regions.

Billionaire Bidzina IVANISHVILI's unexpected entry into politics in 2011 brought the divided opposition together under his Georgian Dream coalition, which won a majority of seats in the 2012 parliamentary elections and removed UNM from power. Conceding defeat, SAAKASHVILI named IVANISHVILI as prime minister and left the country after his presidential term ended in 2013. IVANISHVILI voluntarily resigned from office after the presidential succession, and in the years since, the prime minister position has seen frequent turnover. In 2021, SAAKASHVILI returned to Georgia, where he was immediately arrested to serve six years in prison on outstanding abuse-of-office convictions.

Popular support for integration with the West is high in Georgia. Joining the EU and NATO are among the country's top foreign policy goals, and Georgia applied for EU membership in 2022, becoming a candidate country in December 2023. Georgia and the EU have a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement, and since 2017, Georgian citizens have been able to travel to the Schengen area without a visa." - } - }, - "Geography": { - "Location": { - "text": "Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, with a sliver of land north of the Caucasus extending into Europe; note - Georgia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both" - }, - "Geographic coordinates": { - "text": "42 00 N, 43 30 E" - }, - "Map references": { - "text": "Asia" - }, - "Area": { - "total ": { - "text": "69,700 sq km" - }, - "land": { - "text": "69,700 sq km" - }, - "water": { - "text": "0 sq km" - }, - "note": "note: approximately 12,560 sq km, or about 18% of Georgia's area, is Russian-occupied; the seized area includes all of Abkhazia and the breakaway region of South Ossetia, which consists of the northern part of Shida Kartli, eastern slivers of the Imereti region, Racha-Lechkhumi, Kvemo Svaneti, and part of western Mtskheta-Mtianeti" - }, - "Area - comparative": { - "text": "slightly smaller than South Carolina; slightly larger than West Virginia" - }, - "Land boundaries": { - "total": { - "text": "1,814 km" - }, - "border countries": { - "text": "Armenia 219 km; Azerbaijan 428 km; Russia 894 km; Turkey 273 km" - } - }, - "Coastline": { - "text": "310 km" - }, - "Maritime claims": { - "territorial sea": { - "text": "12 nm" - }, - "exclusive economic zone": { - "text": "200 nm" - } - }, - "Climate": { - "text": "warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast" - }, - "Terrain": { - "text": "largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; fertile soils in river valley flood plains and foothills of Kolkhida Lowland" - }, - "Elevation": { - "highest point": { - "text": "Mt'a Shkhara 5,193 m" - }, - "lowest point": { - "text": "Black Sea 0 m" - }, - "mean elevation": { - "text": "1,432 m" - } - }, - "Natural resources": { - "text": "timber, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth" - }, - "Land use": { - "agricultural land": { - "text": "34.1% (2023 est.)" - }, - "agricultural land: arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.4% (2023 est.)" - }, - "agricultural land: permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2023 est.)" - }, - "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 27.9% (2023 est.)" - }, - "forest": { - "text": "44.6% (2023 est.)" - }, - "other": { - "text": "21.2% (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Irrigated land": { - "text": "4,330 sq km (2012)" - }, - "Population distribution": { - "text": "settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest" - }, - "Natural hazards": { - "text": "earthquakes" - }, - "Geography - note": { - "text": "note 1: strategically located east of the Black Sea, Georgia controls much of the Caucasus Mountains and the routes through them

note 2: the world's four deepest caves are all in Georgia, including two that are the only known caves on earth deeper than 2,000 m: Krubera Cave at -2,197 m (-7,208 ft; reached in 2012) and Veryovkina Cave at -2,212 (-7,257 ft; reached in 2018)" - } - }, - "People and Society": { - "Population": { - "total": { - "text": "4,900,961 (2024 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "2,343,068" - }, - "female": { - "text": "2,557,893" - } - }, - "Nationality": { - "noun": { - "text": "Georgian(s)" - }, - "adjective": { - "text": "Georgian" - } - }, - "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Georgian 86.8%, Azeri 6.3%, Armenian 4.5%, other 2.3% (includes Russian, Ossetian, Yazidi, Ukrainian, Kist, Greek) (2014 est.)" - }, - "Languages": { - "Languages": { - "text": "Georgian (official) 87.6%, Azeri 6.2%, Armenian 3.9%, Russian 1.2%, other 1% (including Abkhaz, the official language in Abkhazia) (2014 est.)" - }, - "major-language sample(s)": { - "text": "
მსოფლიო ფაქტების წიგნი, ძირითადი ინფორმაციის აუცილებელი წყარო. (Georgian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } - }, - "Religions": { - "text": "Eastern Orthodox Christian (official) 83.4%, Muslim 10.7%, Armenian Apostolic Christian 2.9%, other 1.2% (includes Roman Catholic Christian, Jehovah's Witness, Yazidi, Protestant Christian, Jewish), none 0.5%, unspecified/no answer 1.2% (2014 est.)" - }, - "Age structure": { - "0-14 years": { - "text": "20.6% (male 520,091/female 489,882)" - }, - "15-64 years": { - "text": "62.7% (male 1,500,036/female 1,572,637)" - }, - "65 years and over": { - "text": "16.7% (2024 est.) (male 322,941/female 495,374)" - } - }, - "Dependency ratios": { - "total dependency ratio": { - "text": "59.5 (2024 est.)" - }, - "youth dependency ratio": { - "text": "32.9 (2024 est.)" - }, - "elderly dependency ratio": { - "text": "26.6 (2024 est.)" - }, - "potential support ratio": { - "text": "3.8 (2024 est.)" - } - }, - "Median age": { - "total": { - "text": "38.6 years (2025 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "35.9 years" - }, - "female": { - "text": "40.6 years" - } - }, - "Population growth rate": { - "text": "-0.45% (2025 est.)" - }, - "Birth rate": { - "text": "11.74 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)" - }, - "Death rate": { - "text": "12.89 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)" - }, - "Net migration rate": { - "text": "-3.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)" - }, - "Population distribution": { - "text": "settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest" - }, - "Urbanization": { - "urban population": { - "text": "60.7% of total population (2023)" - }, - "rate of urbanization": { - "text": "0.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data include Abkhazia and South Ossetia" - }, - "Major urban areas - population": { - "text": "1.082 million TBILISI (capital) (2023)" - }, - "Sex ratio": { - "at birth": { - "text": "1.07 male(s)/female" - }, - "0-14 years": { - "text": "1.06 male(s)/female" - }, - "15-64 years": { - "text": "0.95 male(s)/female" - }, - "65 years and over": { - "text": "0.65 male(s)/female" - }, - "total population": { - "text": "0.92 male(s)/female (2024 est.)" - } - }, - "Mother's mean age at first birth": { - "text": "25.9 years (2019 est.)", - "note": "note: data does not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia" - }, - "Maternal mortality ratio": { - "text": "20 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)" - }, - "Infant mortality rate": { - "total": { - "text": "20.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "23.6 deaths/1,000 live births" - }, - "female": { - "text": "19.7 deaths/1,000 live births" - } - }, - "Life expectancy at birth": { - "total population": { - "text": "72.8 years (2024 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "68.7 years" - }, - "female": { - "text": "77.2 years" - } - }, - "Total fertility rate": { - "text": "1.94 children born/woman (2025 est.)" - }, - "Gross reproduction rate": { - "text": "0.94 (2025 est.)" - }, - "Drinking water source": { - "improved: urban": { - "text": "urban: 99.2% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "improved: rural": { - "text": "rural: 88.5% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "improved: total": { - "text": "total: 95% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "unimproved: urban": { - "text": "urban: 0.8% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "unimproved: rural": { - "text": "rural: 11.5% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "unimproved: total": { - "text": "total: 5% of population (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Health expenditure": { - "Health expenditure (as % of GDP)": { - "text": "7.4% of GDP (2022)" - }, - "Health expenditure (as % of national budget)": { - "text": "10.5% of national budget (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Physician density": { - "text": "5.64 physicians/1,000 population (2023)" - }, - "Hospital bed density": { - "text": "4.9 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)" - }, - "Sanitation facility access": { - "improved: urban": { - "text": "urban: 96.6% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "improved: rural": { - "text": "rural: 72.5% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "improved: total": { - "text": "total: 87.1% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "unimproved: urban": { - "text": "urban: 3.4% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "unimproved: rural": { - "text": "rural: 27.5% of population (2022 est.)" - }, - "unimproved: total": { - "text": "total: 12.9% of population (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { - "text": "21.7% (2016)" - }, - "Alcohol consumption per capita": { - "total": { - "text": "7.45 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" - }, - "beer": { - "text": "1.71 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" - }, - "wine": { - "text": "3.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" - }, - "spirits": { - "text": "2.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" - }, - "other alcohols": { - "text": "0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)" - } - }, - "Tobacco use": { - "total": { - "text": "28.7% (2025 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "53.9% (2025 est.)" - }, - "female": { - "text": "7.5% (2025 est.)" - } - }, - "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { - "text": "2.1% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Currently married women (ages 15-49)": { - "text": "65.3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Child marriage": { - "women married by age 15": { - "text": "0.3% (2018)" - }, - "women married by age 18": { - "text": "13.9% (2018)" - }, - "men married by age 18": { - "text": "0.5% (2018)" - } - }, - "Education expenditure": { - "Education expenditure (% GDP)": { - "text": "4% of GDP (2024 est.)" - }, - "Education expenditure (% national budget)": { - "text": "12.2% national budget (2024 est.)" - } - }, - "Literacy": { - "total population": { - "text": "99.7% (2024 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "99.8% (2024 est.)" - }, - "female": { - "text": "99.6% (2024 est.)" - } - }, - "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { - "total": { - "text": "16 years (2023 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "16 years (2023 est.)" - }, - "female": { - "text": "17 years (2023 est.)" - } - } - }, - "Environment": { - "Environmental issues": { - "text": "air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy water pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals; land and forest degradation; biodiversity loss; waste management" - }, - "International environmental agreements": { - "party to": { - "text": "Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands" - }, - "signed, but not ratified": { - "text": "none of the selected agreements" - } - }, - "Climate": { - "text": "warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast" - }, - "Land use": { - "agricultural land": { - "text": "34.1% (2023 est.)" - }, - "agricultural land: arable land": { - "text": "arable land: 4.4% (2023 est.)" - }, - "agricultural land: permanent crops": { - "text": "permanent crops: 1.8% (2023 est.)" - }, - "agricultural land: permanent pasture": { - "text": "permanent pasture: 27.9% (2023 est.)" - }, - "forest": { - "text": "44.6% (2023 est.)" - }, - "other": { - "text": "21.2% (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Urbanization": { - "urban population": { - "text": "60.7% of total population (2023)" - }, - "rate of urbanization": { - "text": "0.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data include Abkhazia and South Ossetia" - }, - "Carbon dioxide emissions": { - "total emissions": { - "text": "10.7 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" - }, - "from coal and metallurgical coke": { - "text": "812,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" - }, - "from petroleum and other liquids": { - "text": "4.469 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" - }, - "from consumed natural gas": { - "text": "5.419 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "18.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)" - }, - "Waste and recycling": { - "municipal solid waste generated annually": { - "text": "800,000 tons (2024 est.)" - }, - "percent of municipal solid waste recycled": { - "text": "19.6% (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Total water withdrawal": { - "municipal": { - "text": "504.96 million cubic meters (2022)" - }, - "industrial": { - "text": "354.46 million cubic meters (2022)" - }, - "agricultural": { - "text": "433.96 million cubic meters (2022)" - } - }, - "Total renewable water resources": { - "text": "63.33 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Government": { - "Country name": { - "conventional long form": { - "text": "none" - }, - "conventional short form": { - "text": "Georgia" - }, - "local long form": { - "text": "Republic of Georgia" - }, - "local short form": { - "text": "Sak'art'velo" - }, - "former": { - "text": "Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic" - }, - "etymology": { - "text": "the Western name probably derives from the name of the local people, the Gurz, whose name origin is uncertain; the native name \"Sak'art'velo\" means \"Land of the Kartvelians\" and refers to the core central Georgian region of Kartli" - } - }, - "Government type": { - "text": "semi-presidential republic" - }, - "Capital": { - "name": { - "text": "Tbilisi" - }, - "geographic coordinates": { - "text": "41 41 N, 44 50 E" - }, - "time difference": { - "text": "UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)" - }, - "etymology": { - "text": "the name comes from the Georgian word tbili, meaning \"warm\" and referring to the hot sulfur springs in the area" - } - }, - "Administrative divisions": { - "text": "9 regions (mkharebi, singular - mkhare), 1 city (kalaki), and 2 autonomous republics (avtomnoy respubliki, singular - avtom respublika)

regions: Guria, Imereti, Kakheti, Kvemo Kartli, Mtskheta Mtianeti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Samegrelo and Zemo Svaneti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Shida Kartli; note - the breakaway region of South Ossetia consists of the northern part of Shida Kartli, eastern slivers of the Imereti region and Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, and part of western Mtskheta-Mtianeti

city: Tbilisi

autonomous republics: Abkhazia or Ap'khazet'is Avtonomiuri Respublika (Sokhumi), Ajaria or Acharis Avtonomiuri Respublika (Bat'umi)", - "note": "note 1: the administrative centers of the two autonomous republics are shown in parentheses

note 2: the United States recognizes the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia as part of Georgia" - }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, - "Constitution": { - "history": { - "text": "previous 1921, 1978 (based on 1977 Soviet Union constitution); latest approved 24 August 1995, effective 17 October 1995" - }, - "amendment process": { - "text": "proposed as a draft law supported by more than one half of the Parliament membership or by petition of at least 200,000 voters; passage requires support by at least three fourths of the Parliament membership in two successive sessions three months apart and the signature and promulgation by the president of Georgia" - } - }, - "International law organization participation": { - "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" - }, - "Citizenship": { - "citizenship by birth": { - "text": "no" - }, - "citizenship by descent only": { - "text": "at least one parent must be a citizen of Georgia" - }, - "dual citizenship recognized": { - "text": "no" - }, - "residency requirement for naturalization": { - "text": "10 years" - } - }, - "Suffrage": { - "text": "18 years of age; universal" - }, - "Executive branch": { - "chief of state": { - "text": "President Mikheil KAVELASHVILI (since 29 December 2024)" - }, - "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Irakli KOBAKHIDZE (since 8 February 2024)" - }, - "cabinet": { - "text": "Cabinet of Ministers" - }, - "election/appointment process": { - "text": "president elected by a 300-member College of Electors; prime minister nominated by Parliament, appointed by the president" - }, - "most recent election date": { - "text": "14 December 2024" - }, - "election results": { - "text": "
2024: Mikheil KAVELASHVILI (Georgian Dream Party) was formally inaugurated on 29 December 2024

2024: Irakli KOBAKHIDZE approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 84-10

2018: Salome ZOURABICHVILI elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Salome ZOURABICHVILI (independent, backed by Georgian Dream) 59.5%, Grigol VASHADZE (UNM) 40.5%; Irakli GARIBASHVILI approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 89-2" - }, - "expected date of next election": { - "text": "2029" - } - }, - "Legislative branch": { - "legislature name": { - "text": "Parliament (Sakartvelos Parlamenti)" - }, - "legislative structure": { - "text": "unicameral" - }, - "number of seats": { - "text": "150 (all directly elected)" - }, - "electoral system": { - "text": "proportional representation" - }, - "scope of elections": { - "text": "full renewal" - }, - "term in office": { - "text": "4 years" - }, - "most recent election date": { - "text": "10/26/2024" - }, - "parties elected and seats per party": { - "text": "Georgian Dream (89); Coalition for Changes (19); Unity - National Movement (16); Strong Georgia – Lelo, For people, For Liberty! (14); For Georgia (12)" - }, - "percentage of women in chamber": { - "text": "16.8%" - }, - "expected date of next election": { - "text": "October 2028" - } - }, - "Judicial branch": { - "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges organized into several specialized judicial chambers; number of judges determined by the president of Georgia); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges) " - }, - "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "Supreme Court judges nominated by the High Council of Justice (a 14-member body consisting of the Supreme Court chairperson, common court judges, and appointees of the president of Georgia) and appointed by Parliament; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed 3 each by the president, by Parliament, and by the Supreme Court judges; judges appointed for 10-year terms" - }, - "subordinate courts": { - "text": "Courts of Appeal; regional (town) and district courts" - }, - "note": "note: the Abkhazian and Ajarian Autonomous republics each have a supreme court and a hierarchy of lower courts" - }, - "Political parties": { - "text": "Ahali
Citizens
Conservative Party
Droa
European Georgia - Movement for Liberty
For Georgia
For the People
Freedom Square
Georgian Dream
Girchi - More Freedom
Law and Justice
Lelo for Georgia
National Democratic Party
People's Power
Progress and Freedom
Republican Party
State for the People
Strategy Aghmashenebeli
United National Movement or UNM" - }, - "Diplomatic representation in the US": { - "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Tamar TALIASHVILI (since 24 July 2025)" - }, - "chancery": { - "text": "1824 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009" - }, - "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 387-2390" - }, - "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 387-0864" - }, - "email address and website": { - "text": "
embgeo.usa@mfa.gov.ge

https://georgiaembassyusa.org/contact/" - }, - "consulate(s) general": { - "text": "New York, San Francisco" - } - }, - "Diplomatic representation from the US": { - "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Alan S. PURCELL (since 16 July 2025)" - }, - "embassy": { - "text": "29 Georgian-American Friendship Avenue, Didi Dighomi, Tbilisi, 0131" - }, - "mailing address": { - "text": "7060 Tbilisi Place, Washington, DC  20521-7060" - }, - "telephone": { - "text": "[995] (32) 227-70-00" - }, - "FAX": { - "text": "[995] (32) 253-23-10" - }, - "email address and website": { - "text": "
askconsultbilisi@state.gov

https://ge.usembassy.gov/" - } - }, - "International organization participation": { - "text": "ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CPLP (associate), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-11, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" - }, - "Independence": { - "text": "9 April 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier date: A.D. 1008 (Georgia unified under King BAGRAT III)" - }, - "National holiday": { - "text": "Independence Day, 26 May (1918)", - "note": "note: 26 May 1918 was the date of independence from Soviet Russia; 9 April 1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union" - }, - "Flag": { - "text": "description: white rectangle with a central red cross extending to all four sides of the flag; each of the four quadrants displays a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross (also known as Bolnisi cross), which has equal-length arms that are slightly wider at the end than in the center

history: sometimes referred to as the Five-Cross Flag, the design is based on a 14th-century banner of the Kingdom of Georgia" - }, - "National symbol(s)": { - "text": "Saint George, lion" - }, - "National color(s)": { - "text": "red, white" - }, - "National anthem(s)": { - "title": { - "text": "\"Tavisupleba\" (Liberty)" - }, - "lyrics/music": { - "text": "Davit MAGRADSE/Zakaria PALIASHVILI (adapted by Joseb KETSCHAKMADSE)" - }, - "history": { - "text": "adopted 2004, after the Rose Revolution; based on music from the operas \"Abesalom da Eteri\" and \"Daisi\"" - } - }, - "National heritage": { - "total World Heritage Sites": { - "text": "4 (3 cultural, 1 natural)" - }, - "selected World Heritage Site locales": { - "text": "Gelati Monastery (c); Historical Monuments of Mtskheta (c); Upper Svaneti (c); Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands (n)" - } - } - }, - "Economy": { - "Economic overview": { - "text": "

upper-middle income, fast-growing South Caucasus economy; regionally focused exporter of cars, metal ores, and energy; financial and migrant inflows resulting from Ukraine conflict; EU accession talks suspended over disputed election and foreign influence law; low inflation but persistent high unemployment

" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024": { - "text": "$91.849 billion (2024 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": { - "text": "$83.935 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": { - "text": "$77.838 billion (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data in 2021 dollars" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2024": { - "text": "9.4% (2024 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2023": { - "text": "7.8% (2023 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2022": { - "text": "11% (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2024": { - "text": "$25,000 (2024 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2023": { - "text": "$22,600 (2023 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2022": { - "text": "$21,000 (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data in 2021 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$33.776 billion (2024 est.)", - "note": "note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2024": { - "text": "1.1% (2024 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": { - "text": "2.5% (2023 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": { - "text": "11.9% (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: annual % change based on consumer prices" - }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "5.4% (2024 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "19.1% (2024 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "62.8% (2024 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data" - }, - "GDP - composition, by end use": { - "household consumption": { - "text": "71.3% (2024 est.)" - }, - "government consumption": { - "text": "13.4% (2024 est.)" - }, - "investment in fixed capital": { - "text": "22% (2024 est.)" - }, - "investment in inventories": { - "text": "0.8% (2024 est.)" - }, - "exports of goods and services": { - "text": "48.4% (2024 est.)" - }, - "imports of goods and services": { - "text": "-56% (2024 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection" - }, - "Agricultural products": { - "text": "milk, grapes, potatoes, maize, wheat, tangerines/mandarins, tomatoes, barley, apples, eggs (2023)", - "note": "note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage" - }, - "Industries": { - "text": "steel, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese, copper, gold), chemicals, wood products, wine" - }, - "Industrial production growth rate": { - "text": "5.4% (2024 est.)", - "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" - }, - "Labor force": { - "text": "1.833 million (2024 est.)", - "note": "note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work" - }, - "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2024": { - "text": "11.5% (2024 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2023": { - "text": "11.6% (2023 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2022": { - "text": "11.7% (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: % of labor force seeking employment" - }, - "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { - "total": { - "text": "29.9% (2024 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "28.4% (2024 est.)" - }, - "female": { - "text": "32.4% (2024 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" - }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "11.8% (2023 est.)", - "note": "note: % of population with income below national poverty line" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2023": { - "text": "34.8 (2023 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality" - }, - "Average household expenditures": { - "on food": { - "text": "39% of household expenditures (2023 est.)" - }, - "on alcohol and tobacco": { - "text": "3.8% of household expenditures (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "2.7% (2023 est.)" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "26.9% (2023 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population" - }, - "Remittances": { - "Remittances 2024": { - "text": "11.8% of GDP (2024 est.)" - }, - "Remittances 2023": { - "text": "13.7% of GDP (2023 est.)" - }, - "Remittances 2022": { - "text": "15.4% of GDP (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities" - }, - "Budget": { - "revenues": { - "text": "$8.686 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "expenditures": { - "text": "$9.307 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated" - }, - "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2023": { - "text": "43.4% of GDP (2023 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" - }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.6% (of GDP) (2023 est.)", - "note": "note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP" - }, - "Current account balance": { - "Current account balance 2024": { - "text": "-$1.491 billion (2024 est.)" - }, - "Current account balance 2023": { - "text": "-$1.709 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "Current account balance 2022": { - "text": "-$1.105 billion (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars" - }, - "Exports": { - "Exports 2024": { - "text": "$16.321 billion (2024 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2023": { - "text": "$15.173 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2022": { - "text": "$13.24 billion (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars" - }, - "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Azerbaijan 13%, Turkey 11%, Armenia 11%, Russia 10%, Kyrgyzstan 8% (2023)", - "note": "note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports" - }, - "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "cars, copper ore, electricity, garments, wine (2023)", - "note": "note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars" - }, - "Imports": { - "Imports 2024": { - "text": "$18.915 billion (2024 est.)" - }, - "Imports 2023": { - "text": "$17.816 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "Imports 2022": { - "text": "$15.665 billion (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars" - }, - "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Turkey 16%, USA 13%, Russia 11%, China 8%, Germany 6% (2023)", - "note": "note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports" - }, - "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, natural gas, garments (2023)", - "note": "note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars" - }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024": { - "text": "$4.447 billion (2024 est.)" - }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": { - "text": "$5.002 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": { - "text": "$4.886 billion (2022 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars" - }, - "Debt - external": { - "Debt - external 2023": { - "text": "$9.085 billion (2023 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: present value of external debt in current US dollars" - }, - "Exchange rates": { - "Currency": { - "text": "laris (GEL) per US dollar -" - }, - "Exchange rates 2024": { - "text": "2.721 (2024 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2023": { - "text": "2.628 (2023 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2022": { - "text": "2.916 (2022 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2021": { - "text": "3.222 (2021 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "3.109 (2020 est.)" - } - } - }, - "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Electricity": { - "installed generating capacity": { - "text": "4.526 million kW (2023 est.)" - }, - "consumption": { - "text": "12.569 billion kWh (2023 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "4.913 billion kWh (2023 est.)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "4.234 billion kWh (2023 est.)" - }, - "transmission/distribution losses": { - "text": "1.148 billion kWh (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Electricity generation sources": { - "fossil fuels": { - "text": "23.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" - }, - "wind": { - "text": "0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" - }, - "hydroelectricity": { - "text": "75.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Coal": { - "production": { - "text": "148,000 metric tons (2023 est.)" - }, - "consumption": { - "text": "384,000 metric tons (2023 est.)" - }, - "exports": { - "text": "80 metric tons (2023 est.)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "223,000 metric tons (2023 est.)" - }, - "proven reserves": { - "text": "900.999 million metric tons (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Petroleum": { - "total petroleum production": { - "text": "300 bbl/day (2023 est.)" - }, - "refined petroleum consumption": { - "text": "34,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)" - }, - "crude oil estimated reserves": { - "text": "35 million barrels (2021 est.)" - } - }, - "Natural gas": { - "production": { - "text": "10.77 million cubic meters (2023 est.)" - }, - "consumption": { - "text": "2.775 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)" - }, - "imports": { - "text": "2.764 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)" - }, - "proven reserves": { - "text": "8.495 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)" - } - }, - "Energy consumption per capita": { - "Total energy consumption per capita 2023": { - "text": "56.076 million Btu/person (2023 est.)" - } - } - }, - "Communications": { - "Telephones - fixed lines": { - "total subscriptions": { - "text": "278,000 (2023 est.)" - }, - "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "7 (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Telephones - mobile cellular": { - "total subscriptions": { - "text": "5.91 million (2023 est.)" - }, - "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "156 (2022 est.)" - } - }, - "Broadcast media": { - "text": "state-owned Georgian Public Broadcaster (GPB) includes Channel 1, Channel 2, and Adjara TV; independent commercial TV broadcasters include Imedi, Rustavi 2, Pirveli TV, Maestro, Kavkasia, Georgian Dream Studios (GDS), Obiektivi, Mtavari Arkhi, and TOK TV (Russian language); Tabula and Post TV are web-based TV outlets; Georgian Orthodox Church operates a satellite-based television station called Unanimity; 26 regional TV broadcasters; TV shifted to digital in 2015; several dozen private radio stations; GPB operates 2 radio stations (2019)" - }, - "Internet country code": { - "text": ".ge" - }, - "Internet users": { - "percent of population": { - "text": "82% (2023 est.)" - } - }, - "Broadband - fixed subscriptions": { - "total": { - "text": "1.1 million (2023 est.)" - }, - "subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": { - "text": "29 (2023 est.)" - } - } - }, - "Transportation": { - "Civil aircraft registration country code prefix": { - "text": "4L" - }, - "Airports": { - "text": "21 (2025)" - }, - "Heliports": { - "text": "4 (2025)" - }, - "Railways": { - "total": { - "text": "1,363 km (2014)" - }, - "narrow gauge": { - "text": "37 km (2014) 0.912-m gauge (37 km electrified)" - }, - "broad gauge": { - "text": "1,326 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge (1,251 km electrified)" - } - }, - "Merchant marine": { - "total": { - "text": "26 (2023)" - }, - "by type": { - "text": "general cargo 3, other 23" - } - }, - "Ports": { - "total ports": { - "text": "3 (2024)" - }, - "large": { - "text": "0" - }, - "medium": { - "text": "0" - }, - "small": { - "text": "1" - }, - "very small": { - "text": "2" - }, - "ports with oil terminals": { - "text": "2" - }, - "key ports": { - "text": "Batumi, Sokhumi, Supsa Marine Terminal" - } - } - }, - "Military and Security": { - "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Georgian Defense Forces (GDF; aka Defense Forces of Georgia, DFG): Ground Forces, Air Force, Special Operations Forces, National Guard

Ministry of Internal Affairs: Police, Border Police of Georgia, Coast Guard of Georgia (includes naval forces, which were merged with the Coast Guard in 2009) (2025)" - }, - "Military expenditures": { - "Military Expenditures 2024": { - "text": "1.7% of GDP (2024 est.)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2023": { - "text": "1.7% of GDP (2023 est.)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2022": { - "text": "1.6% of GDP (2022 est.)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2021": { - "text": "1.5% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" - } - }, - "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "the Georgia Defense Forces are authorized up to 37,000 personnel (2025)" - }, - "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the majority of the military's inventory consists of Soviet-era weapons and equipment, some of which has been upgraded; it has smaller quantities of mostly secondhand material from such countries as Israel, Poland, Türkiye, and the US, as well as some domestically produced equipment; Georgia has a small defense industry which produces such items as small arms and light armored vehicles (2025)" - }, - "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "18-35 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription was abolished in 2016, but reinstated in 2017 for men 18-27 years of age; conscript service obligation is up to 11 months depending on the assigned ministry, job specialty, and if the service is carried out in a combat unit (2025)", - "note": "note: conscripts serve in the Defense Forces, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, or the Ministry of Corrections" - }, - "Military - note": { - "text": "the Defense Forces of Georgia (DFG) are responsible for protecting the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the country; the DFG also provides units for multinational military operations abroad and supports the Border Police in border protection and civil authorities in counter-terrorist operations, if requested; it is focused primarily on Russia, which maintains military bases and troops in occupied Abkhazia and South Ossetia; a five-day conflict with Russian forces in 2008 resulted in the defeat and expulsion of Georgian forces from the breakaway regions 

Georgia is not a member of NATO but has had a relationship with the Alliance since 1992 and declared its aspiration to join in 2002; the military is working to make itself more compatible with NATO and has participated in multinational exercises and security operations abroad with NATO, such as Afghanistan, where it was one of the top non-NATO contributors, and Kosovo; the DFG has also contributed troops to EU and UN missions (2025)" - } - }, - "Transnational Issues": { - "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { - "refugees": { - "text": "31,791 (2024 est.)" - }, - "IDPs": { - "text": "347,754 (2024 est.)" - }, - "stateless persons": { - "text": "488 (2024 est.)" - } - } - } -} \ No newline at end of file