Algeria's economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. In recent years the Algerian Government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy, pursuing an explicit import substitution policy.
Hydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 30% of GDP, 60% of budget revenues, and nearly 95% of export earnings. Algeria has the 10th-largest reserves of natural gas in the world - including the 3rd-largest reserves of shale gas - and is the 6th-largest gas exporter. It ranks 16th in proven oil reserves. Hydrocarbon exports enabled Algeria to maintain macroeconomic stability, amass large foreign currency reserves, and maintain low external debt while global oil prices were high. With lower oil prices since 2014, Algeria’s foreign exchange reserves have declined by more than half and its oil stabilization fund has decreased from about $20 billion at the end of 2013 to about $7 billion in 2017, which is the statutory minimum.
Declining oil prices have also reduced the government’s ability to use state-driven growth to distribute rents and fund generous public subsidies, and the government has been under pressure to reduce spending. Over the past three years, the government has enacted incremental increases in some taxes, resulting in modest increases in prices for gasoline, cigarettes, alcohol, and certain imported goods, but it has refrained from reducing subsidies, particularly for education, healthcare, and housing programs.
Algiers has increased protectionist measures since 2015 to limit its import bill and encourage domestic production of non-oil and gas industries. Since 2015, the government has imposed additional restrictions on access to foreign exchange for imports, and import quotas for specific products, such as cars. In January 2018 the government imposed an indefinite suspension on the importation of roughly 850 products, subject to periodic review.
President BOUTEFLIKA announced in fall 2017 that Algeria intends to develop its non-conventional energy resources. Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. Algeria has not increased non-hydrocarbon exports, and hydrocarbon exports have declined because of field depletion and increased domestic demand.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.2% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.7% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.9% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "4.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "5.6% (2017 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$495.564 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -664,8 +642,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$169.912 billion (2019 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "3.2% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "3.7% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -679,15 +665,18 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "38.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$169.912 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "1.9% (2019 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "37.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "4.2% (2018 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "36.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "5.6% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -721,20 +710,6 @@ "text": "-35.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "48.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "78 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "38.4 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "54.8 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "potatoes, wheat, milk, watermelons, barley, onions, tomatoes, oranges, dates, vegetables" }, @@ -790,9 +765,6 @@ "text": "70.2 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "32.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-9.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -805,6 +777,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "32.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1122,6 +1097,9 @@ "text": "Algerian People's National Army (ANP): Land Forces, Naval Forces (includes coast guard), Air Forces, Territorial Air Defense Forces, Republican Guard (under ANP, but responsible to the President), National Gendarmerie; Ministry of Interior: General Directorate of National Security (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "7% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "6% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1133,9 +1111,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "6.6% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "6.3% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/ao.json b/africa/ao.json index a0809f18..427705ef 100644 --- a/africa/ao.json +++ b/africa/ao.json @@ -654,6 +654,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Angola's economy is overwhelmingly driven by its oil sector. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 50% of GDP, more than 70% of government revenue, and more than 90% of the country's exports; Angola is an OPEC member and subject to its direction regarding oil production levels. Diamonds contribute an additional 5% to exports. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported.
Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Some of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war (1975-2002). However, the government since 2005 has used billions of dollars in credit from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to help rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, and as a result, the national military, international partners, and private Angolan firms all continue to remove them.
The global recession that started in 2008 stalled Angola’s economic growth and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued billions in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell. Lower prices for oil and diamonds also resulted in GDP falling 0.7% in 2016. Angola formally abandoned its currency peg in 2009 but reinstituted it in April 2016 and maintains an overvalued exchange rate. In late 2016, Angola lost the last of its correspondent relationships with foreign banks, further exacerbating hard currency problems. Since 2013 the central bank has consistently spent down reserves to defend the kwanza, gradually allowing a 40% depreciation since late 2014. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to less than 9% in 2014, before rising again to above 30% from 2015-2017.
Continued low oil prices, the depreciation of the kwanza, and slower than expected growth in non-oil GDP have reduced growth prospects, although several major international oil companies remain in Angola. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, is a major long-term challenge that poses an additional threat to the economy.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$212.285 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$213.619 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$217.987 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "-2.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -665,6 +677,21 @@ "text": "0.9% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$6,670 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$6,934 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$7,311 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$97.261 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "17.2% (2019 est.)" @@ -687,44 +714,6 @@ "text": "CCC+ (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$212.285 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$213.619 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$217.987 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$97.261 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$6,670 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$6,934 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$7,311 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "23.3% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "25.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "23.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "10.2% (2011 est.)" @@ -756,20 +745,6 @@ "text": "-30.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "41.3 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "79.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "36.2 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "28.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "cassava, bananas, maize, sweet potatoes, pineapples, sugar cane, potatoes, citrus fruit, vegetables, cabbage" }, @@ -822,9 +797,6 @@ "text": "45.44 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-6.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -836,6 +808,9 @@ "text": "75.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "29.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/bc.json b/africa/bc.json index ce87d9f9..ff81fb30 100644 --- a/africa/bc.json +++ b/africa/bc.json @@ -314,6 +314,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "18.9% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -638,6 +641,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Until the beginning of the global recession in 2008, Botswana maintained one of the world's highest economic growth rates since its independence in 1966. Botswana recovered from the global recession in 2010, but only grew modestly until 2017, primarily due to a downturn in the global diamond market, though water and power shortages also played a role. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world five decades ago into a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of approximately $18,100 in 2017. Botswana also ranks as one of the least corrupt and best places to do business in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Because of its heavy reliance on diamond exports, Botswana’s economy closely follows global price trends for that one commodity. Diamond mining fueled much of Botswana’s past economic expansion and currently accounts for one-quarter of GDP, approximately 85% of export earnings, and about one-third of the government's revenues. In 2017, Diamond exports increased to the highest levels since 2013 at about 22 million carats of output, driving Botswana’s economic growth to about 4.5% and increasing foreign exchange reserves to about 45% of GDP. De Beers, a major international diamond company, signed a 10-year deal with Botswana in 2012 and moved its rough stone sorting and trading division from London to Gaborone in 2013. The move was geared to support the development of Botswana's nascent downstream diamond industry.
Tourism is a secondary earner of foreign exchange and many Batswana engage in tourism-related services, subsistence farming, and cattle rearing. According to official government statistics, unemployment is around 20%, but unofficial estimates run much higher. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is second highest in the world and threatens the country's impressive economic gains.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$40.928 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$39.749 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$38.045 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "2.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -649,6 +664,21 @@ "text": "-1.7% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$17,767 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$17,634 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$17,253 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$18.335 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -668,44 +698,6 @@ "text": "BBB+ (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$40.928 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$39.749 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$38.045 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$18.335 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$17,767 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$17,634 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$17,253 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "32.5% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "34% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "38.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -737,20 +729,6 @@ "text": "-33.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "66.2 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "76.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "86.7 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "50 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, roots/tubers, vegetables, sorghum, beef, game meat, watermelons, cabbages, goat milk, onions" }, @@ -809,9 +787,6 @@ "text": "5.478 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "30.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -823,6 +798,9 @@ "text": "15.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "30.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, diff --git a/africa/bn.json b/africa/bn.json index 34673199..cea2e969 100644 --- a/africa/bn.json +++ b/africa/bn.json @@ -664,6 +664,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The free market economy of Benin has grown consecutively for four years, though growth slowed in 2017, as its close trade links to Nigeria expose Benin to risks from volatile commodity prices. Cotton is a key export commodity, with export earnings significantly impacted by the price of cotton in the broader market. The economy began deflating in 2017, with the consumer price index falling 0.8%.
During the first two years of President TALON’s administration, which began in April 2016, the government has followed an ambitious action plan to kickstart development through investments in infrastructure, education, agriculture, and governance. Electricity generation, which has constrained Benin’s economic growth, has increased and blackouts have been considerably reduced. Private foreign direct investment is small, and foreign aid accounts for a large proportion of investment in infrastructure projects.
Benin has appealed for international assistance to mitigate piracy against commercial shipping in its territory, and has used equipment from donors effectively against such piracy. Pilferage has significantly dropped at the Port of Cotonou, though the port is still struggling with effective implementation of the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code. Projects included in Benin's $307 million Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) first compact (2006-11) were designed to increase investment and private sector activity by improving key institutional and physical infrastructure. The four projects focused on access to land, access to financial services, access to justice, and access to markets (including modernization of the port). The Port of Cotonou is a major contributor to Benin’s economy, with revenues projected to account for more than 40% of Benin’s national budget.
Benin will need further efforts to upgrade infrastructure, stem corruption, and expand access to foreign markets to achieve its potential. In September 2015, Benin signed a second MCC Compact for $375 million that entered into force in June 2017 and is designed to strengthen the national utility service provider, attract private sector investment, fund infrastructure investments in electricity generation and distribution, and develop off-grid electrification for poor and unserved households. As part of the Government of Benin’s action plan to spur growth, Benin passed public private partnership legislation in 2017 to attract more foreign investment, place more emphasis on tourism, facilitate the development of new food processing systems and agricultural products, encourage new information and communication technology, and establish Independent Power Producers. In April 2017, the IMF approved a three year $150.4 million Extended Credit Facility agreement to maintain debt sustainability and boost donor confidence.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$38.794 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$36.301 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$34.023 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "5.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -675,6 +687,21 @@ "text": "2.1% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$3,287 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$3,161 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$3,045 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$10.315 billion (2018 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "-0.8% (2019 est.)" @@ -697,41 +724,6 @@ "text": "B+ (2018)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$38.794 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$36.301 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$34.023 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$10.315 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$3,287 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,161 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$3,045 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "19.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "17.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "26.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -763,20 +755,6 @@ "text": "-43% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "52.4 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "90.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "68.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "41.5 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "cassava, yams, maize, cotton, oil palm fruit, rice, pineapples, tomatoes, vegetables, soybeans" }, @@ -818,9 +796,6 @@ "text": "2.152 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-6.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -832,6 +807,9 @@ "text": "49.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "17.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/cd.json b/africa/cd.json index 5dd241e5..22c2de58 100644 --- a/africa/cd.json +++ b/africa/cd.json @@ -660,28 +660,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Chad’s landlocked location results in high transportation costs for imported goods and dependence on neighboring countries. Oil and agriculture are mainstays of Chad’s economy. Oil provides about 60% of export revenues, while cotton, cattle, livestock, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings. The services sector contributes less than one-third of GDP and has attracted foreign investment mostly through telecommunications and banking.
Nearly all of Chad’s fuel is provided by one domestic refinery, and unanticipated shutdowns occasionally result in shortages. The country regulates the price of domestic fuel, providing an incentive for black market sales.
Although high oil prices and strong local harvests supported the economy in the past, low oil prices now stress Chad’s fiscal position and have resulted in significant government cutbacks. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most of its public and private sector investment. Investment in Chad is difficult due to its limited infrastructure, lack of trained workers, extensive government bureaucracy, and corruption. Chad obtained a three-year extended credit facility from the IMF in 2014 and was granted debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative in April 2015.
In 2018, economic policy will be driven by efforts that started in 2016 to reverse the recession and to repair damage to public finances and exports. The government is implementing an emergency action plan to counterbalance the drop in oil revenue and to diversify the economy. Chad’s national development plan (NDP) cost just over $9 billion with a financing gap of $6.7 billion. The NDP emphasized the importance of private sector participation in Chad’s development, as well as the need to improve the business environment, particularly in priority sectors such as mining and agriculture.
The Government of Chad reached a deal with Glencore and four other banks on the restructuring of a $1.45 billion oil-backed loan in February 2018, after a long negotiation. The new terms include an extension of the maturity to 2030 from 2022, a two-year grace period on principal repayments, and a lower interest rate of the London Inter-bank Offer Rate (Libor) plus 2% - down from Libor plus 7.5%. The original Glencore loan was to be repaid with crude oil assets, however, Chad's oil sales were hit by the downturn in the price of oil. Chad had secured a $312 million credit from the IMF in June 2017, but release of those funds hinged on restructuring the Glencore debt. Chad had already cut public spending to try to meet the terms of the IMF program, but that prompted strikes and protests in a country where nearly 40% of the population lives below the poverty line. Multinational partners, such as the African Development Bank, the EU, and the World Bank are likely to continue budget support in 2018, but Chad will remain at high debt risk, given its dependence on oil revenue and pressure to spend on subsidies and security.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-3.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-6.4% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1.8% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "-0.9% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "4.2% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "-1.5% (2017 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$25.19 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -694,8 +672,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$10.912 billion (2019 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "-3.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "-6.4% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "1.8% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -709,15 +695,18 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "15.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$10.912 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "-0.9% (2019 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "7.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "4.2% (2018 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "13.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "-1.5% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -751,20 +740,6 @@ "text": "-39.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "36.9 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "52.5 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "37 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "45.5 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sorghum, groundnuts, millet, yams, cereals, sugar cane, beef, maize, cotton, cassava" }, @@ -812,9 +787,6 @@ "text": "1.481 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "13.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -826,6 +798,9 @@ "text": "52.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "13.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1151,7 +1126,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "373,080 (Sudan), 121,036 (Central African Republic), 16,895 (Nigeria) (2021), 7,956 (Cameroon)" + "text": "373,080 (Sudan), 121,036 (Central African Republic), 16,895 (Nigeria), 7,956 (Cameroon) (2021)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "401,511 (majority are in the east) (2021)" diff --git a/africa/cf.json b/africa/cf.json index 3ba7fde8..57f667a0 100644 --- a/africa/cf.json +++ b/africa/cf.json @@ -659,6 +659,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The Republic of the Congo’s economy is a mixture of subsistence farming, an industrial sector based largely on oil and support services, and government spending. Oil has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy, providing a major share of government revenues and exports. Natural gas is increasingly being converted to electricity rather than being flared, greatly improving energy prospects. New mining projects, particularly iron ore, which entered production in late 2013, may add as much as $1 billion to annual government revenue. The Republic of the Congo is a member of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) and shares a common currency – the Central African Franc – with five other member states in the region.
The current administration faces difficult economic challenges of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty. The drop in oil prices that began in 2014 has constrained government spending; lower oil prices forced the government to cut more than $1 billion in planned spending. The fiscal deficit amounted to 11% of GDP in 2017. The government’s inability to pay civil servant salaries has resulted in multiple rounds of strikes by many groups, including doctors, nurses, and teachers. In the wake of a multi-year recession, the country reached out to the IMF in 2017 for a new program; the IMF noted that the country’s continued dependence on oil, unsustainable debt, and significant governance weakness are key impediments to the country’s economy. In 2018, the country’s external debt level will approach 120% of GDP. The IMF urged the government to renegotiate debts levels to sustainable levels before it agreed to a new macroeconomic adjustment package.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$19.763 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$20.489 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$21.844 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "-3.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -670,6 +682,21 @@ "text": "2.6% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$3,673 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$3,907 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$4,274 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$8.718 billion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.2% (2019 est.)" @@ -692,44 +719,6 @@ "text": "CCC+ (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$19.763 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$20.489 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$21.844 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$8.718 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$3,673 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,907 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$4,274 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "19.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "-12.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "6.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "9.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -761,20 +750,6 @@ "text": "-62.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "39.5 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "65.8 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "19.7 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "44 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "cassava, sugar cane, oil palm fruit, cassava leaves, bananas, plantains, roots/tubers, game meat, vegetables, mangoes/guavas" }, @@ -827,9 +802,6 @@ "text": "2.578 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "22.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -841,6 +813,9 @@ "text": "128.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "22.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/cg.json b/africa/cg.json index d27a0903..8731d0b7 100644 --- a/africa/cg.json +++ b/africa/cg.json @@ -677,6 +677,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo - a nation endowed with vast natural resource wealth - continues to perform poorly. Systemic corruption since independence in 1960, combined with countrywide instability and intermittent conflict that began in the early-90s, has reduced national output and government revenue, and increased external debt. With the installation of a transitional government in 2003 after peace accords, economic conditions slowly began to improve as the government reopened relations with international financial institutions and international donors, and President KABILA began implementing reforms. Progress on implementing substantive economic reforms remains slow because of political instability, bureaucratic inefficiency, corruption, and patronage, which also dampen international investment prospects.
Renewed activity in the mining sector, the source of most export income, boosted Kinshasa's fiscal position and GDP growth until 2015, but low commodity prices have led to slower growth, volatile inflation, currency depreciation, and a growing fiscal deficit. An uncertain legal framework, corruption, and a lack of transparency in government policy are long-term problems for the large mining sector and for the economy as a whole. Much economic activity still occurs in the informal sector and is not reflected in GDP data.
Poverty remains widespread in DRC, and the country failed to meet any Millennium Development Goals by 2015. DRC also concluded its program with the IMF in 2015. The price of copper – the DRC’s primary export - plummeted in 2015 and remained at record lows during 2016-17, reducing government revenues, expenditures, and foreign exchange reserves, while inflation reached nearly 50% in mid-2017 – its highest level since the early 2000s.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$95.291 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$91.289 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$86.267 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "3.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -688,6 +700,21 @@ "text": "6.9% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$1,098 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$1,086 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$1,060 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$47.16 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "41.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -704,44 +731,6 @@ "text": "CCC+ (2017)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$95.291 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$91.289 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$86.267 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$47.16 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$1,098 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$1,086 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$1,060 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "21.3% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "18.3% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "21.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "19.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -773,20 +762,6 @@ "text": "-32.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "36.2 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "91.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "3.5 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "33.3 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "cassava, plantains, sugar cane, maize, oil palm fruit, rice, roots/tubers nes, bananas, sweet potatoes, groundnuts" }, @@ -837,9 +812,6 @@ "text": "5.009 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "11.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -851,6 +823,9 @@ "text": "19.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "11.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/cm.json b/africa/cm.json index 512afccf..201c068b 100644 --- a/africa/cm.json +++ b/africa/cm.json @@ -679,6 +679,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Cameroon’s market-based, diversified economy features oil and gas, timber, aluminum, agriculture, mining and the service sector. Oil remains Cameroon’s main export commodity, and despite falling global oil prices, still accounts for nearly 40% of exports. Cameroon’s economy suffers from factors that often impact underdeveloped countries, such as stagnant per capita income, a relatively inequitable distribution of income, a top-heavy civil service, endemic corruption, continuing inefficiencies of a large parastatal system in key sectors, and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise.
Since 1990, the government has embarked on various IMF and World Bank programs designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, improve trade, and recapitalize the nation's banks. The IMF continues to press for economic reforms, including increased budget transparency, privatization, and poverty reduction programs. The Government of Cameroon provides subsidies for electricity, food, and fuel that have strained the federal budget and diverted funds from education, healthcare, and infrastructure projects, as low oil prices have led to lower revenues.
Cameroon devotes significant resources to several large infrastructure projects currently under construction, including a deep seaport in Kribi and the Lom Pangar Hydropower Project. Cameroon’s energy sector continues to diversify, recently opening a natural gas-powered electricity generating plant. Cameroon continues to seek foreign investment to improve its inadequate infrastructure, create jobs, and improve its economic footprint, but its unfavorable business environment remains a significant deterrent to foreign investment.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$94.248 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$90.868 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$87.32 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -690,6 +702,21 @@ "text": "5.7% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$3,642 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$3,604 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$3,555 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$34.99 billion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.4% (2019 est.)" @@ -712,44 +739,6 @@ "text": "B- (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$94.248 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$90.868 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$87.32 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$34.99 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$3,642 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,604 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$3,555 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "17.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "18.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "23.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "16.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -781,20 +770,6 @@ "text": "-20.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "46.1 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "86.3 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "16 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "39.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "cassava, plantains, maize, oil palm fruit, taro, sugar cane, sorghum, tomatoes, bananas, vegetables" }, @@ -850,9 +825,6 @@ "text": "6.556 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -864,6 +836,9 @@ "text": "32.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "15.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, diff --git a/africa/ct.json b/africa/ct.json index 90e6f297..ebd81189 100644 --- a/africa/ct.json +++ b/africa/ct.json @@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "under the 2015 constitution, the president is elected by universal direct suffrage for a period of 5 years (eligible for a second term); election last held 27 December 2020 (next to be held in December 2025)" + "text": "under the 2015 constitution, the president is elected by universal direct suffrage for a period of 5 years (eligible for a second term); election last held 27 December 2020 (next to be held in December 2025); note - Central African Republic held presidential and partial legislative elections on December 27, 2020; voting was disrupted in some areas, so those constituencies held the first round of their legislative elections on March 14, 2021; some of the constituencies that did vote on December 27, 2020 held runoff elections for their legislators." }, "election results": { "text": "Faustin-Archange TOUADERA reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Faustin-Archange TOUADERA (independent) 59.3%, Anicet Georges DOLOGUELE (URCA) 21%, other 19.7%" @@ -649,28 +649,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Subsistence agriculture, together with forestry and mining, remains the backbone of the economy of the Central African Republic (CAR), with about 60% of the population living in outlying areas. The agricultural sector generates more than half of estimated GDP, although statistics are unreliable in the conflict-prone country. Timber and diamonds account for most export earnings, followed by cotton. Important constraints to economic development include the CAR's landlocked geography, poor transportation system, largely unskilled work force, and legacy of misdirected macroeconomic policies. Factional fighting between the government and its opponents remains a drag on economic revitalization. Distribution of income is highly unequal and grants from the international community can only partially meet humanitarian needs. CAR shares a common currency with the Central African Monetary Union. The currency is pegged to the Euro.
Since 2009, the IMF has worked closely with the government to institute reforms that have resulted in some improvement in budget transparency, but other problems remain. The government's additional spending in the run-up to the 2011 election worsened CAR's fiscal situation. In 2012, the World Bank approved $125 million in funding for transport infrastructure and regional trade, focused on the route between CAR's capital and the port of Douala in Cameroon. In July 2016, the IMF approved a three-year extended credit facility valued at $116 million; in mid-2017, the IMF completed a review of CAR’s fiscal performance and broadly approved of the government’s management, although issues with revenue collection, weak government capacity, and transparency remain. The World Bank in late 2016 approved a $20 million grant to restore basic fiscal management, improve transparency, and assist with economic recovery.
Participation in the Kimberley Process, a commitment to remove conflict diamonds from the global supply chain, led to a partially lifted the ban on diamond exports from CAR in 2015, but persistent insecurity is likely to constrain real GDP growth.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.5% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "4.8% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.6% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$4.483 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -683,8 +661,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.937 billion (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "4.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "4.5% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "4.8% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -698,15 +684,18 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "5.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1.937 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "2.7% (2019 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "8.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "1.6% (2018 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "4.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -740,20 +729,6 @@ "text": "-29.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "35.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "63.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "52.4 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "31.4 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "cassava, yams, groundnuts, taro, bananas, sugar cane, beef, maize, plantains, milk" }, @@ -798,9 +773,6 @@ "text": "300.1 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "14.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -812,6 +784,9 @@ "text": "56% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "14.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/cv.json b/africa/cv.json index fb5637bf..825db4f8 100644 --- a/africa/cv.json +++ b/africa/cv.json @@ -305,6 +305,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "11.8% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.2% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -609,6 +612,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Cabo Verde’s economy depends on development aid, foreign investment, remittances, and tourism. The economy is service-oriented with commerce, transport, tourism, and public services accounting for about three-fourths of GDP. Tourism is the mainstay of the economy and depends on conditions in the euro-zone countries. Cabo Verde annually runs a high trade deficit financed by foreign aid and remittances from its large pool of emigrants; remittances as a share of GDP are one of the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Although about 40% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of food production in GDP is low. The island economy suffers from a poor natural resource base, including serious water shortages, exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought, and poor soil for growing food on several of the islands, requiring it to import most of what it consumes. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited.
Economic reforms are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy and mitigate high unemployment. The government’s elevated debt levels have limited its capacity to finance any shortfalls.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$3.944 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$3.732 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$3.57 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "4% (2017 est.)" @@ -620,6 +635,21 @@ "text": "1% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$7,172 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$6,864 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$6,643 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1.971 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.1% (2019 est.)" @@ -639,44 +669,6 @@ "text": "B (2013)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$3.944 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$3.732 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$3.57 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.971 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$7,172 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$6,864 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$6,643 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "35% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "34.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "30.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "8.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -708,20 +700,6 @@ "text": "-51.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "55 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "84.5 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "69.1 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "64.8 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, tomatoes, bananas, cabbages, coconuts, cassava, pulses nes, vegetables, milk, goat milk" }, @@ -766,9 +744,6 @@ "text": "546.7 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -780,6 +755,9 @@ "text": "127.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "27.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/dj.json b/africa/dj.json index 850ede8c..4ea91c36 100644 --- a/africa/dj.json +++ b/africa/dj.json @@ -630,25 +630,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Djibouti's economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location as a deepwater port on the Red Sea. Three-fourths of Djibouti's inhabitants live in the capital city; the remainder are mostly nomadic herders. Scant rainfall and less than 4% arable land limits crop production to small quantities of fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported.
Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. Imports, exports, and reexports represent 70% of port activity at Djibouti's container terminal. Reexports consist primarily of coffee from landlocked neighbor Ethiopia. Djibouti has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An official unemployment rate of nearly 40% - with youth unemployment near 80% - continues to be a major problem. Inflation was a modest 3% in 2014-2017, due to low international food prices and a decline in electricity tariffs.
Djibouti’s reliance on diesel-generated electricity and imported food and water leave average consumers vulnerable to global price shocks, though in mid-2015 Djibouti passed new legislation to liberalize the energy sector. The government has emphasized infrastructure development for transportation and energy and Djibouti – with the help of foreign partners, particularly China – has begun to increase and modernize its port capacity. In 2017, Djibouti opened two of the largest projects in its history, the Doraleh Port and Djibouti-Addis Ababa Railway, funded by China as part of the \"Belt and Road Initiative,\" which will increase the country’s ability to capitalize on its strategic location.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "6.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "6.5% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "6.5% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "2.7% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$5.388 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -661,8 +642,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$3.323 billion (2019 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "6.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "6.5% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "6.5% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -676,15 +665,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "25.6% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$3.323 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "25.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "19% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "2.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -718,20 +707,6 @@ "text": "-66.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "60.5 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "84.3 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "59.4 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "48.4 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "vegetables, milk, beef, camel milk, lemons, limes, goat meat, mutton, beans, tomatoes" }, @@ -787,9 +762,6 @@ "text": "899.2 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "35.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -801,6 +773,9 @@ "text": "33.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "35.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/eg.json b/africa/eg.json index cf004b7f..25b1c081 100644 --- a/africa/eg.json +++ b/africa/eg.json @@ -660,6 +660,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Occupying the northeast corner of the African continent, Egypt is bisected by the highly fertile Nile valley where most economic activity takes place. Egypt's economy was highly centralized during the rule of former President Gamal Abdel NASSER but opened up considerably under former Presidents Anwar EL-SADAT and Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK. Agriculture, hydrocarbons, manufacturing, tourism, and other service sectors drove the country’s relatively diverse economic activity.
Despite Egypt’s mixed record for attracting foreign investment over the past two decades, poor living conditions and limited job opportunities have contributed to public discontent. These socioeconomic pressures were a major factor leading to the January 2011 revolution that ousted MUBARAK. The uncertain political, security, and policy environment since 2011 has restricted economic growth and failed to alleviate persistent unemployment, especially among the young.
In late 2016, persistent dollar shortages and waning aid from its Gulf allies led Cairo to turn to the IMF for a 3-year, $12 billion loan program. To secure the deal, Cairo floated its currency, introduced new taxes, and cut energy subsidies - all of which pushed inflation above 30% for most of 2017, a high that had not been seen in a generation. Since the currency float, foreign investment in Egypt’s high interest treasury bills has risen exponentially, boosting both dollar availability and central bank reserves. Cairo will be challenged to obtain foreign and local investment in manufacturing and other sectors without a sustained effort to implement a range of business reforms.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$1,180,890,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$1,118,715,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$1,062,265,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -671,6 +683,21 @@ "text": "4.4% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$11,763 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$11,366 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$11,014 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$323.763 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "9.3% (2019 est.)" @@ -693,44 +720,6 @@ "text": "B (2018)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1,180,890,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,118,715,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$1,062,265,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$323.763 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$11,763 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$11,366 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$11,014 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "14.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "13.9% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "10.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "11.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -762,20 +751,6 @@ "text": "-28.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "60.1 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "87.8 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "42.2 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "40 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, sugar beet, wheat, maize, tomatoes, rice, potatoes, oranges, onions, milk" }, @@ -834,9 +809,6 @@ "text": "62.61 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-8.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -849,6 +821,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "17.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, diff --git a/africa/ek.json b/africa/ek.json index 8361323a..e5280a03 100644 --- a/africa/ek.json +++ b/africa/ek.json @@ -625,28 +625,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Exploitation of oil and gas deposits, beginning in the 1990s, has driven economic growth in Equatorial Guinea; a recent rebasing of GDP resulted in an upward revision of the size of the economy by approximately 30%. Forestry and farming are minor components of GDP. Although preindependence Equatorial Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings, the neglect of the rural economy since independence has diminished the potential for agriculture-led growth. Subsistence farming is the dominant form of livelihood. Declining revenue from hydrocarbon production, high levels of infrastructure expenditures, lack of economic diversification, and corruption have pushed the economy into decline in recent years and limited improvements in the general population’s living conditions. Equatorial Guinea’s real GDP growth has been weak in recent years, averaging -0.5% per year from 2010 to 2014, because of a declining hydrocarbon sector. Inflation remained very low in 2016, down from an average of 4% in 2014.
As a middle income country, Equatorial Guinea is now ineligible for most low-income World Bank and the IMF funding. The government has been widely criticized for its lack of transparency and misuse of oil revenues and has attempted to address this issue by working toward compliance with the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. US foreign assistance to Equatorial Guinea is limited in part because of US restrictions pursuant to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act.
Equatorial Guinea hosted two economic diversification symposia in 2014 that focused on attracting investment in five sectors: agriculture and animal ranching, fishing, mining and petrochemicals, tourism, and financial services. Undeveloped mineral resources include gold, zinc, diamonds, columbite-tantalite, and other base metals. In 2017 Equatorial Guinea signed a preliminary agreement with Ghana to sell liquefied natural gas (LNG); as oil production wanes, the government believes LNG could provide a boost to revenues, but it will require large investments and long lead times to develop.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-3.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-8.6% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-9.1% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "1.2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$25.164 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -659,8 +637,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$10.634 billion (2019 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "-3.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "-8.6% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "-9.1% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -674,15 +660,18 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "6.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$10.634 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "1.2% (2019 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "1.3% (2018 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "8.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -716,20 +705,6 @@ "text": "-39% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "41.1 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "61 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "32 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "56.2 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sweet potatoes, cassava, roots/tubers nes, plantains, oil palm fruit, bananas, coconuts, coffee, cocoa, eggs" }, @@ -769,9 +744,6 @@ "text": "2.523 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -783,6 +755,9 @@ "text": "43.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "16.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1074,17 +1049,20 @@ "text": "Equatorial Guinea Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas de Guinea Ecuatorial, FAGE): Equatorial Guinea National Guard (Guardia Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial, GNGE (Army), Navy, Air Force; Guardia Civil (paramilitary force for internal security) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2019": { + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.1% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1.1% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { - "text": "1.2% of GDP (2016)" + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1% of GDP (2015)" + "text": "1% of GDP (2015 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/er.json b/africa/er.json index a56075c9..b095d792 100644 --- a/africa/er.json +++ b/africa/er.json @@ -320,6 +320,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "5% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -615,25 +618,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Since formal independence from Ethiopia in 1993, Eritrea has faced many economic problems, including lack of financial resources and chronic drought. Eritrea has a command economy under the control of the sole political party, the People's Front for Democracy and Justice. Like the economies of many African nations, a large share of the population - nearly 80% in Eritrea - is engaged in subsistence agriculture, but the sector only produces a small share of the country's total output. Mining accounts for the lion's share of output.
The government has strictly controlled the use of foreign currency by limiting access and availability; new regulations in 2013 aimed at relaxing currency controls have had little economic effect. Few large private enterprises exist in Eritrea and most operate in conjunction with government partners, including a number of large international mining ventures, which began production in 2013. In late 2015, the Government of Eritrea introduced a new currency, retaining the name nakfa, and restricted the amount of hard currency individuals could withdraw from banks per month. The changeover has resulted in exchange fluctuations and the scarcity of hard currency available in the market.
While reliable statistics on Eritrea are difficult to obtain, erratic rainfall and the large percentage of the labor force tied up in military service continue to interfere with agricultural production and economic development. Eritrea's harvests generally cannot meet the food needs of the country without supplemental grain purchases. Copper, potash, and gold production are likely to continue to drive limited economic growth and government revenue over the next few years, but military spending will continue to compete with development and investment plans.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1.9% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.6% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "9% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { "text": "$9.702 billion (2017 est.)" @@ -646,8 +630,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$5.813 billion (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "1.9% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "2.6% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2017": { @@ -661,15 +653,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "5.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$5.813 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "9% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "6% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "6.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -703,20 +695,6 @@ "text": "-22.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "21.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "52.9 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "0 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "55.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sorghum, milk, vegetables, barley, cereals, pulses nes, roots/tubers nes, wheat, millet, beef" }, @@ -764,9 +742,6 @@ "text": "2.601 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "34.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-9.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -778,6 +753,9 @@ "text": "132.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "34.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/et.json b/africa/et.json index 41a35c00..1d5c42b9 100644 --- a/africa/et.json +++ b/africa/et.json @@ -677,6 +677,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Ethiopia - the second most populous country in Africa - is a one-party state with a planned economy. For more than a decade before 2016, GDP grew at a rate between 8% and 11% annually – one of the fastest growing states among the 188 IMF member countries. This growth was driven by government investment in infrastructure, as well as sustained progress in the agricultural and service sectors. More than 70% of Ethiopia’s population is still employed in the agricultural sector, but services have surpassed agriculture as the principal source of GDP.
Ethiopia has the lowest level of income-inequality in Africa and one of the lowest in the world, with a Gini coefficient comparable to that of the Scandinavian countries. Yet despite progress toward eliminating extreme poverty, Ethiopia remains one of the poorest countries in the world, due both to rapid population growth and a low starting base. Changes in rainfall associated with world-wide weather patterns resulted in the worst drought in 30 years in 2015-16, creating food insecurity for millions of Ethiopians.
The state is heavily engaged in the economy. Ongoing infrastructure projects include power production and distribution, roads, rails, airports and industrial parks. Key sectors are state-owned, including telecommunications, banking and insurance, and power distribution. Under Ethiopia's constitution, the state owns all land and provides long-term leases to tenants. Title rights in urban areas, particularly Addis Ababa, are poorly regulated, and subject to corruption.
Ethiopia’s foreign exchange earnings are led by the services sector - primarily the state-run Ethiopian Airlines - followed by exports of several commodities. While coffee remains the largest foreign exchange earner, Ethiopia is diversifying exports, and commodities such as gold, sesame, khat, livestock and horticulture products are becoming increasingly important. Manufacturing represented less than 8% of total exports in 2016, but manufacturing exports should increase in future years due to a growing international presence.
The banking, insurance, telecommunications, and micro-credit industries are restricted to domestic investors, but Ethiopia has attracted roughly $8.5 billion in foreign direct investment (FDI), mostly from China, Turkey, India and the EU; US FDI is $567 million. Investment has been primarily in infrastructure, construction, agriculture/horticulture, agricultural processing, textiles, leather and leather products.
To support industrialization in sectors where Ethiopia has a comparative advantage, such as textiles and garments, leather goods, and processed agricultural products, Ethiopia plans to increase installed power generation capacity by 8,320 MW, up from a capacity of 2,000 MW, by building three more major dams and expanding to other sources of renewable energy. In 2017, the government devalued the birr by 15% to increase exports and alleviate a chronic foreign currency shortage in the country.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$248.972 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$229.755 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$215.094 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "10.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -688,6 +700,21 @@ "text": "10.4% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$2,221 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$2,104 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$2,022 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$92.154 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "15.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -710,44 +737,6 @@ "text": "B (2014)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$248.972 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$229.755 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$215.094 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$92.154 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$2,221 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$2,104 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$2,022 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "33.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "30.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "32.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "34.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -779,20 +768,6 @@ "text": "-31.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "48 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "71.7 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "56 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "62.8 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "maize, cereals, wheat, sorghum, milk, barley, sweet potatoes, roots/tubers nes, sugar cane, millet" }, @@ -851,9 +826,6 @@ "text": "13.79 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "13.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -865,6 +837,9 @@ "text": "53.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "13.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "8 July - 7 July" }, diff --git a/africa/ga.json b/africa/ga.json index 47cfc791..0ba39e33 100644 --- a/africa/ga.json +++ b/africa/ga.json @@ -657,28 +657,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The government has invested in the agriculture sector because three-quarters of the population depends on the sector for its livelihood and agriculture provides for about one-third of GDP, making The Gambia largely reliant on sufficient rainfall. The agricultural sector has untapped potential - less than half of arable land is cultivated and agricultural productivity is low. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of cashews, groundnuts, fish, and hides. The Gambia's reexport trade accounts for almost 80% of goods exports and China has been its largest trade partner for both exports and imports for several years.
The Gambia has sparse natural resource deposits. It relies heavily on remittances from workers overseas and tourist receipts. Remittance inflows to The Gambia amount to about one-fifth of the country’s GDP. The Gambia's location on the ocean and proximity to Europe has made it one of the most frequented tourist destinations in West Africa, boosted by private sector investments in eco-tourism and facilities. Tourism normally brings in about 20% of GDP, but it suffered in 2014 from tourists’ fears of Ebola virus in neighboring West African countries. Unemployment and underemployment remain high.
Economic progress depends on sustained bilateral and multilateral aid, on responsible government economic management, and on continued technical assistance from multilateral and bilateral donors. International donors and lenders were concerned about the quality of fiscal management under the administration of former President Yahya JAMMEH, who reportedly stole hundreds of millions of dollars of the country’s funds during his 22 years in power, but anticipate significant improvements under the new administration of President Adama BARROW, who assumed power in early 2017. As of April 2017, the IMF, the World Bank, the European Union, and the African Development Bank were all negotiating with the new government of The Gambia to provide financial support in the coming months to ease the country’s financial crisis.
The country faces a limited availability of foreign exchange, weak agricultural output, a border closure with Senegal, a slowdown in tourism, high inflation, a large fiscal deficit, and a high domestic debt burden that has crowded out private sector investment and driven interest rates to new highs. The government has committed to taking steps to reduce the deficit, including through expenditure caps, debt consolidation, and reform of state-owned enterprises.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "0.4% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "5.9% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "7.1% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "6.5% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "8% (2017 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$5.218 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -691,8 +669,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.746 billion (2019 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "4.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "0.4% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "5.9% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -706,15 +692,18 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "15.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1.746 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "7.1% (2019 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "17.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "6.5% (2018 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "3.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "8% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -748,20 +737,6 @@ "text": "-40% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "50.3 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "84.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "67.8 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "50.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "groundnuts, milk, oil palm fruit, millet, sorghum, rice, maize, vegetables, cassava, fruit" }, @@ -812,9 +787,6 @@ "text": "339 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -826,6 +798,9 @@ "text": "82.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "20.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/gb.json b/africa/gb.json index 555a0f9a..1bb18608 100644 --- a/africa/gb.json +++ b/africa/gb.json @@ -631,6 +631,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Gabon enjoys a per capita income four times that of most Sub-Saharan African nations, but because of high income inequality, a large proportion of the population remains poor. Gabon relied on timber and manganese exports until oil was discovered offshore in the early 1970s. From 2010 to 2016, oil accounted for approximately 80% of Gabon’s exports, 45% of its GDP, and 60% of its state budget revenues.
Gabon faces fluctuating international prices for its oil, timber, and manganese exports. A rebound of oil prices from 2001 to 2013 helped growth, but declining production, as some fields passed their peak production, has hampered Gabon from fully realizing potential gains. GDP grew nearly 6% per year over the 2010-14 period, but slowed significantly from 2014 to just 1% in 2017 as oil prices declined. Low oil prices also weakened government revenue and negatively affected the trade and current account balances. In the wake of lower revenue, Gabon signed a 3-year agreement with the IMF in June 2017.
Despite an abundance of natural wealth, poor fiscal management and over-reliance on oil has stifled the economy. Power cuts and water shortages are frequent. Gabon is reliant on imports and the government heavily subsidizes commodities, including food, but will be hard pressed to tamp down public frustration with unemployment and corruption.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$32.48 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$31.247 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$30.986 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "0.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -642,6 +654,21 @@ "text": "3.9% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$14,950 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$14,744 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$15,007 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$16.064 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.4% (2019 est.)" @@ -664,44 +691,6 @@ "text": "N/A (2016)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$32.48 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$31.247 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$30.986 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$16.064 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$14,950 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$14,744 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$15,007 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "25.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "24.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "29.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "5% (2017 est.)" @@ -733,20 +722,6 @@ "text": "-26.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "45 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "87 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "43.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "32.8 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "plantains, cassava, sugar cane, yams, taro, vegetables, maize, groundnuts, game meat, rubber" }, @@ -802,9 +777,6 @@ "text": "2.914 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -816,6 +788,9 @@ "text": "64.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "17.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/gv.json b/africa/gv.json index ff8db9b3..913c44d7 100644 --- a/africa/gv.json +++ b/africa/gv.json @@ -674,28 +674,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Guinea is a poor country of approximately 12.9 million people in 2016 that possesses the world's largest reserves of bauxite and largest untapped high-grade iron ore reserves, as well as gold and diamonds. In addition, Guinea has fertile soil, ample rainfall, and is the source of several West African rivers, including the Senegal, Niger, and Gambia. Guinea's hydro potential is enormous and the country could be a major exporter of electricity. The country also has tremendous agriculture potential. Gold, bauxite, and diamonds are Guinea’s main exports. International investors have shown interest in Guinea's unexplored mineral reserves, which have the potential to propel Guinea's future growth.
Following the death of long-term President Lansana CONTE in 2008 and the coup that followed, international donors, including the G-8, the IMF, and the World Bank, significantly curtailed their development programs in Guinea. However, the IMF approved a 3-year Extended Credit Facility arrangement in 2012, following the December 2010 presidential elections. In September 2012, Guinea achieved Heavily Indebted Poor Countries completion point status. Future access to international assistance and investment will depend on the government’s ability to be transparent, combat corruption, reform its banking system, improve its business environment, and build infrastructure. In April 2013, the government amended its mining code to reduce taxes and royalties. In 2014, Guinea complied with requirements of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative by publishing its mining contracts. Guinea completed its program with the IMF in October 2016 even though some targeted reforms have been delayed. Currently Guinea is negotiating a new IMF program which will be based on Guinea’s new five-year economic plan, focusing on the development of higher value-added products, including from the agro-business sector and development of the rural economy.
Political instability, a reintroduction of the Ebola virus epidemic, low international commodity prices, and an enduring legacy of corruption, inefficiency, and lack of government transparency are factors that could impact Guinea’s future growth. Economic recovery will be a long process while the government adjusts to lower inflows of international donor aid following the surge of Ebola-related emergency support. Ebola stalled promising economic growth in the 2014-15 period and impeded several projects, such as offshore oil exploration and the Simandou iron ore project. The economy, however, grew by 6.6% in 2016 and 6.7% in 2017, mainly due to growth from bauxite mining and thermal energy generation as well as the resiliency of the agricultural sector. The 240-megawatt Kaleta Dam, inaugurated in September 2015, has expanded access to electricity for residents of Conakry. An combined with fears of Ebola virus, continue to undermine Guinea's economic viability.
Guinea’s iron ore industry took a hit in 2016 when investors in the Simandou iron ore project announced plans to divest from the project. In 2017, agriculture output and public investment boosted economic growth, while the mining sector continued to play a prominent role in economic performance.
Successive governments have failed to address the country's crumbling infrastructure. Guinea suffers from chronic electricity shortages; poor roads, rail lines and bridges; and a lack of access to clean water - all of which continue to plague economic development. The present government, led by President Alpha CONDE, is working to create an environment to attract foreign investment and hopes to have greater participation from western countries and firms in Guinea's economic development.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "8.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "10.5% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "9.4% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "9.8% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "8.9% (2017 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$32.72 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -708,8 +686,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$13.55 billion (2019 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "8.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "10.5% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -723,15 +709,18 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "4.3% of GDP (2019 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$13.55 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "9.4% (2019 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "2.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "9.8% (2018 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "11.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "8.9% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -765,20 +754,6 @@ "text": "-36.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "49.4 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "84.5 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "47.8 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "53.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "rice, cassava, groundnuts, maize, oil palm fruit, fonio, plantains, sugar cane, sweet potatoes, vegetables" }, @@ -834,9 +809,6 @@ "text": "1.748 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -848,6 +820,9 @@ "text": "41.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "16.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1139,6 +1114,9 @@ "text": "National Armed Forces: Army, Guinean Navy (Armee de Mer or Marine Guineenne), Guinean Air Force (Force Aerienne de Guinee), Presidential Security Battalion (Battailon Autonome de la Sécurité Presidentielle, BASP), Gendarmerie (2020)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "2% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1150,9 +1128,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "2.5% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "3.3% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/iv.json b/africa/iv.json index 6b025faa..dcb97da7 100644 --- a/africa/iv.json +++ b/africa/iv.json @@ -674,6 +674,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "For the last 5 years Cote d'Ivoire's growth rate has been among the highest in the world. Cote d'Ivoire is heavily dependent on agriculture and related activities, which engage roughly two-thirds of the population. Cote d'Ivoire is the world's largest producer and exporter of cocoa beans and a significant producer and exporter of coffee and palm oil. Consequently, the economy is highly sensitive to fluctuations in international prices for these products and to climatic conditions. Cocoa, oil, and coffee are the country's top export revenue earners, but the country has targeted agricultural processing of cocoa, cashews, mangoes, and other commodities as a high priority. Mining gold and exporting electricity are growing industries outside agriculture.
Following the end of more than a decade of civil conflict in 2011, Cote d’Ivoire has experienced a boom in foreign investment and economic growth. In June 2012, the IMF and the World Bank announced $4.4 billion in debt relief for Cote d'Ivoire under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries Initiative.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$134.048 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$126.185 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$118.051 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "7.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -685,6 +697,21 @@ "text": "8.8% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$5,213 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$5,033 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$4,831 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$42.498 billion (2018 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "-1.1% (2019 est.)" @@ -704,44 +731,6 @@ "text": "Ba3 (2015)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$134.048 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$126.185 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$118.051 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$42.498 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$5,213 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$5,033 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$4,831 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "15.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "17.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "19.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "20.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -773,20 +762,6 @@ "text": "-30.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "60.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "93.7 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "52.4 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "57.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "yams, cassava, cocoa, oil palm fruit, sugar cane, rice, plantains, maize, cashew nuts, rubber" }, @@ -836,9 +811,6 @@ "text": "9.464 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "19.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-4.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -850,6 +822,9 @@ "text": "47% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "19.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/ke.json b/africa/ke.json index a9cdaa72..5163ce2a 100644 --- a/africa/ke.json +++ b/africa/ke.json @@ -678,6 +678,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Kenya is the economic, financial, and transport hub of East Africa. Kenya’s real GDP growth has averaged over 5% for the last decade. Since 2014, Kenya has been ranked as a lower middle income country because its per capita GDP crossed a World Bank threshold. While Kenya has a growing entrepreneurial middle class and steady growth, its economic development has been impaired by weak governance and corruption. Although reliable numbers are hard to find, unemployment and under-employment are extremely high, and could be near 40% of the population. In 2013, the country adopted a devolved system of government with the creation of 47 counties, and is in the process of devolving state revenues and responsibilities to the counties.
Agriculture remains the backbone of the Kenyan economy, contributing one-third of GDP. About 75% of Kenya’s population of roughly 48.5 million work at least part-time in the agricultural sector, including livestock and pastoral activities. Over 75% of agricultural output is from small-scale, rain-fed farming or livestock production. Tourism also holds a significant place in Kenya’s economy. In spite of political turmoil throughout the second half of 2017, tourism was up 20%, showcasing the strength of this sector. Kenya has long been a target of terrorist activity and has struggled with instability along its northeastern borders. Some high visibility terrorist attacks during 2013-2015 (e.g., at Nairobi’s Westgate Mall and Garissa University) affected the tourism industry severely, but the sector rebounded strongly in 2016-2017 and appears poised to continue growing.
Inadequate infrastructure continues to hamper Kenya’s efforts to improve its annual growth so that it can meaningfully address poverty and unemployment. The KENYATTA administration has been successful in courting external investment for infrastructure development. International financial institutions and donors remain important to Kenya's growth and development, but Kenya has also successfully raised capital in the global bond market issuing its first sovereign bond offering in mid-2014, with a second occurring in February 2018. The first phase of a Chinese-financed and constructed standard gauge railway connecting Mombasa and Nairobi opened in May 2017.
In 2016 the government was forced to take over three small and undercapitalized banks when underlying weaknesses were exposed. The government also enacted legislation that limits interest rates banks can charge on loans and set a rate that banks must pay their depositors. This measure led to a sharp shrinkage of credit in the economy. A prolonged election cycle in 2017 hurt the economy, drained government resources, and slowed GDP growth. Drought-like conditions in parts of the country pushed 2017 inflation above 8%, but the rate had fallen to 4.5% in February 2018.
The economy, however, is well placed to resume its decade-long 5%-6% growth rate. While fiscal deficits continue to pose risks in the medium term, other economic indicators, including foreign exchange reserves, interest rates, current account deficits, remittances and FDI are positive. The credit and drought-related impediments were temporary. Now In his second term, President KENYATTA has pledged to make economic growth and development a centerpiece of his second administration, focusing on his \"Big Four\" initiatives of universal healthcare, food security, affordable housing, and expansion of manufacturing.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$227.638 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$216.046 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$203.206 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "5.39% (2019 est.)" @@ -689,6 +701,21 @@ "text": "4.79% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$4,330 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$4,204 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$4,046 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$95.52 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "5.1% (2019 est.)" @@ -711,44 +738,6 @@ "text": "B+ (2010)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$227.638 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$216.046 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$203.206 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$95.52 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$4,330 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$4,204 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$4,046 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "8% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "8.6% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "9.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "34.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -780,20 +769,6 @@ "text": "-25.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "73.2 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "82.7 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "67.4 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "58.3 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, milk, maize, potatoes, bananas, camel milk, cassava, sweet potatoes, mangoes/guavas, cabbages" }, @@ -852,9 +827,6 @@ "text": "19.24 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-6.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -866,6 +838,9 @@ "text": "53.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "17.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, @@ -1234,7 +1209,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "269,870 (Somalia), 133,320 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 30,081 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,579 (Ethiopia), 7,108 (Burundi) (2021)" + "text": "272,246 (Somalia), 134,370 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 30,081 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,579 (Ethiopia), 7,108 (Burundi) (2021)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "190,000 (election-related violence, intercommunal violence, resource conflicts, al-Shabaab attacks in 2017 and 2018) (2020)" diff --git a/africa/li.json b/africa/li.json index c9e9e0ce..33c6b264 100644 --- a/africa/li.json +++ b/africa/li.json @@ -648,25 +648,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Liberia is a low-income country that relies heavily on foreign assistance and remittances from the diaspora. It is richly endowed with water, mineral resources, forests, and a climate favorable to agriculture. Its principal exports are iron ore, rubber, diamonds, and gold. Palm oil and cocoa are emerging as new export products. The government has attempted to revive raw timber extraction and is encouraging oil exploration.
In the 1990s and early 2000s, civil war and government mismanagement destroyed much of Liberia's economy, especially infrastructure in and around the capital. Much of the conflict was fueled by control over Liberia’s natural resources. With the conclusion of fighting and the installation of a democratically elected government in 2006, businesses that had fled the country began to return. The country achieved high growth during the period 2010-13 due to favorable world prices for its commodities. However, during the 2014-2015 Ebola crisis, the economy declined and many foreign-owned businesses departed with their capital and expertise. The epidemic forced the government to divert scarce resources to combat the spread of the virus, reducing funds available for needed public investment. The cost of addressing the Ebola epidemic coincided with decreased economic activity reducing government revenue, although higher donor support significantly offset this loss. During the same period, global commodities prices for key exports fell and have yet to recover to pre-Ebola levels.
In 2017, gold was a key driver of growth, as a new mining project began its first full year of production; iron ore exports are also increased as Arcelor Mittal opened new mines at Mount Gangra. The completion of the rehabilitation of the Mount Coffee Hydroelectric Dam increased electricity production to support ongoing and future economic activity, although electricity tariffs remain high relative to other countries in the region and transmission infrastructure is limited. Presidential and legislative elections in October 2017 generated election-related spending pressures.
Revitalizing the economy in the future will depend on economic diversification, increasing investment and trade, higher global commodity prices, sustained foreign aid and remittances, development of infrastructure and institutions, combating corruption, and maintaining political stability and security.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-1.6% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "12.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "8.8% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$7.049 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -679,8 +660,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$3.071 billion (2019 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "-1.6% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "0% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -694,15 +683,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "-58.3% of GDP NA% (2018 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$3.071 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "12.4% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "-48.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "-21.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "8.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -736,20 +725,6 @@ "text": "-89.2% (2016 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "43.2 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "88.9 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "19.2 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "35.2 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "cassava, sugar cane, oil palm fruit, rice, bananas, vegetables, plantains, rubber, taro, maize" }, @@ -805,9 +780,6 @@ "text": "693.8 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-4.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -819,6 +791,9 @@ "text": "28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "16.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1113,20 +1088,20 @@ "note": "note - an AFL Air Wing is under development; it was previously disbanded in 2005, but two Liberian pilots completed training by the Nigerian Air Force in 2018" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "0.5% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "0.5% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "0.4% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "0.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "0.4% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "0.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { - "text": "0.4% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.4% of GDP (2015)" + "text": "0.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/ly.json b/africa/ly.json index 78091487..d9120d94 100644 --- a/africa/ly.json +++ b/africa/ly.json @@ -262,6 +262,9 @@ "text": "total: 1.5% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Physicians density": { "text": "2.09 physicians/1,000 population (2017)" }, @@ -575,25 +578,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Libya's economy, almost entirely dependent on oil and gas exports, has struggled since 2014 given security and political instability, disruptions in oil production, and decline in global oil prices. The Libyan dinar has lost much of its value since 2014 and the resulting gap between official and black market exchange rates has spurred the growth of a shadow economy and contributed to inflation. The country suffers from widespread power outages, caused by shortages of fuel for power generation. Living conditions, including access to clean drinking water, medical services, and safe housing have all declined since 2011. Oil production in 2017 reached a five-year high, driving GDP growth, with daily average production rising to 879,000 barrels per day. However, oil production levels remain below the average pre-Revolution highs of 1.6 million barrels per day.
The Central Bank of Libya continued to pay government salaries to a majority of the Libyan workforce and to fund subsidies for fuel and food, resulting in an estimated budget deficit of about 17% of GDP in 2017. Low consumer confidence in the banking sector and the economy as a whole has driven a severe liquidity shortage.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "64% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-7.4% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-13% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "28.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "25.9% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$102.842 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -606,8 +590,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$52.259 billion (2019 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "64% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "-7.4% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "-13% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -621,15 +613,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$52.259 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "28.5% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "-9% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "-25.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "25.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -663,20 +655,6 @@ "text": "-33.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "32.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "73.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "64.7 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "48.4 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "potatoes, watermelons, tomatoes, onions, dates, milk, olives, wheat, poultry, vegetables" }, @@ -724,9 +702,6 @@ "text": "23.46 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "51.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-25.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -738,6 +713,9 @@ "text": "7.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "51.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1042,6 +1020,9 @@ "Military and security forces": { "text": "note - in transition; the Government of National Accord (GNA) has various ground, air, and naval/coast guard forces under its command; the forces are comprised of a mix of semi-regular military units, militias, civilian volunteers, and foreign troops and mercenariesAmong the 25 poorest countries in the world, landlocked Mali depends on gold mining and agricultural exports for revenue. The country's fiscal status fluctuates with gold and agricultural commodity prices and the harvest; cotton and gold exports make up around 80% of export earnings. Mali remains dependent on foreign aid.
Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger River; about 65% of Mali’s land area is desert or semidesert. About 10% of the population is nomadic and about 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. The government subsidizes the production of cereals to decrease the country’s dependence on imported foodstuffs and to reduce its vulnerability to food price shocks.
Mali is developing its iron ore extraction industry to diversify foreign exchange earnings away from gold, but the pace will depend on global price trends. Although the political coup in 2012 slowed Mali’s growth, the economy has since bounced back, with GDP growth above 5% in 2014-17, although physical insecurity, high population growth, corruption, weak infrastructure, and low levels of human capital continue to constrain economic development. Higher rainfall helped to boost cotton output in 2017, and the country’s 2017 budget increased spending more than 10%, much of which was devoted to infrastructure and agriculture. Corruption and political turmoil are strong downside risks in 2018 and beyond.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "5.8% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "6.2% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1.9% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.7% (2017 est.)" - } - }, - "Credit ratings": { - "Moody's rating": { - "text": "Caa1 (2020)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$45.637 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -696,8 +672,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$17.508 billion (2019 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "5.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "5.8% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "6.2% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -711,15 +695,20 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "15.6% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$17.508 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "1.9% (2018 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "14.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "15.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "1.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Caa1 (2020)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -753,20 +742,6 @@ "text": "-41.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "52.9 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "84.3 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "73.3 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "42.8 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "maize, rice, millet, sorghum, mangoes/guavas, cotton, watermelons, green onions/shallots, okra, sugar cane" }, @@ -822,9 +797,6 @@ "text": "3.513 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -836,6 +808,9 @@ "text": "36% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "20% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/mo.json b/africa/mo.json index e07531c8..7fb959eb 100644 --- a/africa/mo.json +++ b/africa/mo.json @@ -689,6 +689,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Morocco has capitalized on its proximity to Europe and relatively low labor costs to work towards building a diverse, open, market-oriented economy. Key sectors of the economy include agriculture, tourism, aerospace, automotive, phosphates, textiles, apparel, and subcomponents. Morocco has increased investment in its port, transportation, and industrial infrastructure to position itself as a center and broker for business throughout Africa. Industrial development strategies and infrastructure improvements - most visibly illustrated by a new port and free trade zone near Tangier - are improving Morocco's competitiveness.
In the 1980s, Morocco was a heavily indebted country before pursuing austerity measures and pro-market reforms, overseen by the IMF. Since taking the throne in 1999, King MOHAMMED VI has presided over a stable economy marked by steady growth, low inflation, and gradually falling unemployment, although poor harvests and economic difficulties in Europe contributed to an economic slowdown. To boost exports, Morocco entered into a bilateral Free Trade Agreement with the US in 2006 and an Advanced Status agreement with the EU in 2008. In late 2014, Morocco eliminated subsidies for gasoline, diesel, and fuel oil, dramatically reducing outlays that weighed on the country’s budget and current account. Subsidies on butane gas and certain food products remain in place. Morocco also seeks to expand its renewable energy capacity with a goal of making renewable more than 50% of installed electricity generation capacity by 2030.
Despite Morocco's economic progress, the country suffers from high unemployment, poverty, and illiteracy, particularly in rural areas. Key economic challenges for Morocco include reforming the education system and the judiciary.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$279.295 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$272.531 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$264.212 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.5% (2019 est.)" @@ -700,6 +712,21 @@ "text": "3.98% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$7,515 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$7,438 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$7,314 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$118.858 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.2% (2019 est.)" @@ -722,44 +749,6 @@ "text": "BBB- (2010)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$279.295 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$272.531 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$264.212 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$118.858 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$7,515 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$7,438 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$7,314 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "27.8% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "27.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "29.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "14% (2017 est.)" @@ -791,20 +780,6 @@ "text": "-46.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "73.4 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "93 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "85.6 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "63.7 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "wheat, sugar beet, milk, potatoes, olives, tangerines/mandarins, tomatoes, oranges, barley, onions" }, @@ -863,9 +838,6 @@ "text": "26.75 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -877,6 +849,9 @@ "text": "64.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "20.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1192,7 +1167,7 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "4.5% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "3.1% of GDP (2019)" diff --git a/africa/mp.json b/africa/mp.json index 54c0e53d..e3ae41f4 100644 --- a/africa/mp.json +++ b/africa/mp.json @@ -307,6 +307,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "10.8% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.7% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -610,6 +613,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has undergone a remarkable economic transformation from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a diversified, upper middle-income economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. Mauritius has achieved steady growth over the last several decades, resulting in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure.
The economy currently depends on sugar, tourism, textiles and apparel, and financial services, but is expanding into fish processing, information and communications technology, education, and hospitality and property development. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area but sugar makes up only around 3-4% of national GDP. Authorities plan to emphasize services and innovation in the coming years. After several years of slow growth, government policies now seek to stimulate economic growth in five areas: serving as a gateway for international investment into Africa; increasing the use of renewable energy; developing smart cities; growing the ocean economy; and upgrading and modernizing infrastructure, including public transportation, the port, and the airport.
Mauritius has attracted more than 32,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India, South Africa, and China. The Mauritius International Financial Center is under scrutiny by international bodies promoting fair tax competition and Mauritius has been cooperating with the European Union and the United states in the automatic exchange of account information. Mauritius is also a member of the OECD/G20’s Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting and is under pressure to review its Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements. The offshore sector is vulnerable to changes in the tax framework and authorities have been working on a Financial Services Sector Blueprint to enable Mauritius to transition to a jurisdiction of higher value added. Mauritius’ textile sector has taken advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act, a preferential trade program that allows duty free access to the US market, with Mauritian exports to the US growing by 35.6 % from 2000 to 2014. However, lack of local labor as well as rising labor costs eroding the competitiveness of textile firms in Mauritius.
Mauritius' sound economic policies and prudent banking practices helped mitigate negative effects of the global financial crisis in 2008-09. GDP grew in the 3-4% per year range in 2010-17, and the country continues to expand its trade and investment outreach around the globe. Growth in the US and Europe fostered goods and services exports, including tourism, while lower oil prices kept inflation low. Mauritius continues to rank as one of the most business-friendly environments on the continent and passed a Business Facilitation Act to improve competitiveness and long-term growth prospects. A new National Economic Development Board was set up in 2017-2018 to spearhead efforts to promote exports and attract inward investment.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$28.947 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$28.1 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$27.081 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "3.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -621,6 +636,21 @@ "text": "3.6% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$22,870 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$22,208 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$21,415 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$14.004 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.4% (2019 est.)" @@ -637,44 +667,6 @@ "text": "Baa1 (2012)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$28.947 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$28.1 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$27.081 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$14.004 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$22,870 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$22,208 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$21,415 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "18.5% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "18.1% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "17.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "4% (2017 est.)" @@ -706,20 +698,6 @@ "text": "-55.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "81.5 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "94.5 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "81 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "72.2 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, poultry, pumpkins, gourds, potatoes, eggs, tomatoes, pineapples, bananas, fruit" }, @@ -778,9 +756,6 @@ "text": "3.038 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "22.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -792,6 +767,9 @@ "text": "66.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "22.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, diff --git a/africa/mr.json b/africa/mr.json index e9aa53cd..a644ffde 100644 --- a/africa/mr.json +++ b/africa/mr.json @@ -665,28 +665,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Mauritania's economy is dominated by extractive industries (oil and mines), fisheries, livestock, agriculture, and services. Half the population still depends on farming and raising livestock, even though many nomads and subsistence farmers were forced into the cities by recurrent droughts in the 1970s, 1980s, 2000s, and 2017. Recently, GDP growth has been driven largely by foreign investment in the mining and oil sectors.
Mauritania's extensive mineral resources include iron ore, gold, copper, gypsum, and phosphate rock, and exploration is ongoing for tantalum, uranium, crude oil, and natural gas. Extractive commodities make up about three-quarters of Mauritania's total exports, subjecting the economy to price swings in world commodity markets. Mining is also a growing source of government revenue, rising from 13% to 30% of total revenue from 2006 to 2014. The nation's coastal waters are among the richest fishing areas in the world, and fishing accounts for about 15% of budget revenues, 45% of foreign currency earnings. Mauritania processes a total of 1,800,000 tons of fish per year, but overexploitation by foreign and national fleets threaten the sustainability of this key source of revenue.
The economy is highly sensitive to international food and extractive commodity prices. Other risks to Mauritania's economy include its recurring droughts, dependence on foreign aid and investment, and insecurity in neighboring Mali, as well as significant shortages of infrastructure, institutional capacity, and human capital. In December 2017, Mauritania and the IMF agreed to a three year agreement under the Extended Credit Facility to foster economic growth, maintain macroeconomic stability, and reduce poverty. Investment in agriculture and infrastructure are the largest components of the country’s public expenditures.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1.8% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.4% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "3.1% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$23.52 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -699,8 +677,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$706 million (2018 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "1.8% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "0.4% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -714,15 +700,18 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "33.5% of GDP (2019 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$706 million (2018 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "2.2% (2019 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "29.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "3.1% (2018 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "30.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -756,20 +745,6 @@ "text": "-78.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "51.1 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "92.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "60.3 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "66 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "rice, milk, goat milk, sheep milk, sorghum, mutton, beef, camel milk, camel meat, dates" }, @@ -829,9 +804,6 @@ "text": "1.396 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -843,6 +815,9 @@ "text": "100% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "27.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/mz.json b/africa/mz.json index 03aa5ea9..687fb6e8 100644 --- a/africa/mz.json +++ b/africa/mz.json @@ -665,6 +665,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist policies, economic mismanagement, and a brutal civil war from 1977 to 1992 further impoverished the country. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, propelled the country’s GDP, in purchasing power parity terms, from $4 billion in 1993 to about $37 billion in 2017. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, about half the population remains below the poverty line and subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's work force.
Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt was reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives. However, in 2016, information surfaced revealing that the Mozambican Government was responsible for over $2 billion in government-backed loans secured between 2012-14 by state-owned defense and security companies without parliamentary approval or national budget inclusion; this prompted the IMF and international donors to halt direct budget support to the Government of Mozambique. An international audit was performed on Mozambique’s debt in 2016-17, but debt restructuring and resumption of donor support have yet to occur.
Mozambique grew at an average annual rate of 6%-8% in the decade leading up to 2015, one of Africa's strongest performances, but the sizable external debt burden, donor withdrawal, elevated inflation, and currency depreciation contributed to slower growth in 2016-17.
Two major International consortiums, led by American companies ExxonMobil and Anadarko, are seeking approval to develop massive natural gas deposits off the coast of Cabo Delgado province, in what has the potential to become the largest infrastructure project in Africa. . The government predicts sales of liquefied natural gas from these projects could generate several billion dollars in revenues annually sometime after 2022.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$38.91 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$38.042 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$36.775 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { "text": "3.11% (2018 est.)" @@ -673,6 +685,21 @@ "text": "4.07% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$1,281 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$1,290 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$1,284 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$14.964 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -695,44 +722,6 @@ "text": "CCC+ (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$38.91 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$38.042 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$36.775 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$14.964 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$1,281 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$1,290 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$1,284 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "17.8% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "12.9% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "12.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "23.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -764,20 +753,6 @@ "text": "-70.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "55 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "69.3 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "73.8 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "39.8 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, cassava, maize, milk, bananas, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, rice, sorghum, potatoes" }, @@ -836,9 +811,6 @@ "text": "4.054 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-5.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -850,6 +822,9 @@ "text": "121.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "26.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1172,16 +1147,16 @@ "text": "1% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "1% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "1% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { - "text": "1% of GDP (2016)" + "text": "1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/ng.json b/africa/ng.json index bc44a29c..e8d1c8c2 100644 --- a/africa/ng.json +++ b/africa/ng.json @@ -664,6 +664,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Niger is a landlocked, Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence crops, livestock, and some of the world's largest uranium deposits. Agriculture contributes approximately 40% of GDP and provides livelihood for over 80% of the population. The UN ranked Niger as the second least developed country in the world in 2016 due to multiple factors such as food insecurity, lack of industry, high population growth, a weak educational sector, and few prospects for work outside of subsistence farming and herding.
Since 2011 public debt has increased due to efforts to scale-up public investment, particularly that related to infrastructure, as well as due to increased security spending. The government relies on foreign donor resources for a large portion of its fiscal budget. The economy in recent years has been hurt by terrorist activity near its uranium mines and by instability in Mali and in the Diffa region of the country; concerns about security have resulted in increased support from regional and international partners on defense. Low uranium prices, demographics, and security expenditures may continue to put pressure on the government’s finances.
The Government of Niger plans to exploit oil, gold, coal, and other mineral resources to sustain future growth. Although Niger has sizable reserves of oil, the prolonged drop in oil prices has reduced profitability. Food insecurity and drought remain perennial problems for Niger, and the government plans to invest more in irrigation. Niger’s three-year $131 million IMF Extended Credit Facility (ECF) agreement for the years 2012-15 was extended until the end of 2016. In February 2017, the IMF approved a new 3-year $134 million ECF. In June 2017, The World Bank’s International Development Association (IDA) granted Niger $1 billion over three years for IDA18, a program to boost the country’s development and alleviate poverty. A $437 million Millennium Challenge Account compact for Niger, commencing in FY18, will focus on large-scale irrigation infrastructure development and community-based, climate-resilient agriculture, while promoting sustainable increases in agricultural productivity and sales.
Formal private sector investment needed for economic diversification and growth remains a challenge, given the country’s limited domestic markets, access to credit, and competitiveness. Although President ISSOUFOU is courting foreign investors, including those from the US, as of April 2017, there were no US firms operating in Niger. In November 2017, the National Assembly passed the 2018 Finance Law that was geared towards raising government revenues and moving away from international support.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$28.544 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$26.953 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$25.138 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "4.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -675,6 +687,21 @@ "text": "4.3% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$1,225 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$1,201 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$1,164 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$12.926 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "-2.5% (2019 est.)" @@ -691,44 +718,6 @@ "text": "B3 (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$28.544 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$26.953 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$25.138 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$12.926 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$1,225 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$1,201 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$1,164 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "22.1% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "20.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "21.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "41.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -760,20 +749,6 @@ "text": "-34.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "56.8 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "91.5 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "65.4 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "54.7 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "millet, cow peas, sorghum, onions, milk, groundnuts, cassava, cabbages, goat milk, fruit" }, @@ -832,9 +807,6 @@ "text": "2.171 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -846,6 +818,9 @@ "text": "45.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "21.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/ni.json b/africa/ni.json index f50bf6cb..2a32fd10 100644 --- a/africa/ni.json +++ b/africa/ni.json @@ -670,6 +670,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Nigeria is Sub Saharan Africa’s largest economy and relies heavily on oil as its main source of foreign exchange earnings and government revenues. Following the 2008-09 global financial crises, the banking sector was effectively recapitalized and regulation enhanced. Since then, Nigeria’s economic growth has been driven by growth in agriculture, telecommunications, and services. Economic diversification and strong growth have not translated into a significant decline in poverty levels; over 62% of Nigeria's over 180 million people still live in extreme poverty.
Despite its strong fundamentals, oil-rich Nigeria has been hobbled by inadequate power supply, lack of infrastructure, delays in the passage of legislative reforms, an inefficient property registration system, restrictive trade policies, an inconsistent regulatory environment, a slow and ineffective judicial system, unreliable dispute resolution mechanisms, insecurity, and pervasive corruption. Regulatory constraints and security risks have limited new investment in oil and natural gas, and Nigeria's oil production had been contracting every year since 2012 until a slight rebound in 2017.
President BUHARI, elected in March 2015, has established a cabinet of economic ministers that includes several technocrats, and he has announced plans to increase transparency, diversify the economy away from oil, and improve fiscal management, but has taken a primarily protectionist approach that favors domestic producers at the expense of consumers. President BUHARI ran on an anti-corruption platform, and has made some headway in alleviating corruption, such as implementation of a Treasury Single Account that allows the government to better manage its resources and a more transparent government payroll and personnel system that eliminated duplicate and \"ghost workers.\" The government also is working to develop stronger public-private partnerships for roads, agriculture, and power.
Nigeria entered recession in 2016 as a result of lower oil prices and production, exacerbated by militant attacks on oil and gas infrastructure in the Niger Delta region, coupled with detrimental economic policies, including foreign exchange restrictions. GDP growth turned positive in 2017 as oil prices recovered and output stabilized.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$1,032,048,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$1,009,748,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$990.7 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "0.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -681,6 +693,21 @@ "text": "2.7% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$5,136 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$5,155 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$5,190 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$475.062 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "11.3% (2019 est.)" @@ -703,44 +730,6 @@ "text": "B- (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1,032,048,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,009,748,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$990.7 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$475.062 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$5,136 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$5,155 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$5,190 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "23.2% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "19.3% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "18.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "21.1% (2016 est.)" @@ -772,20 +761,6 @@ "text": "-13.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "56.9 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "86.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "29.2 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "61.5 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "cassava, yams, maize, oil palm fruit, rice, vegetables, sorghum, groundnuts, fruit, sweet potatoes" }, @@ -844,9 +819,6 @@ "text": "19.54 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "3.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -858,6 +830,9 @@ "text": "19.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "3.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index 579a750e..fd9323f0 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -235,6 +235,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "5.43 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 85.2% of population" @@ -310,6 +313,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "6.6% (2014)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2016)" }, @@ -603,25 +609,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Industry and infrastructure in landlocked South Sudan are severely underdeveloped and poverty is widespread, following several decades of civil war with Sudan. Continued fighting within the new nation is disrupting what remains of the economy. The vast majority of the population is dependent on subsistence agriculture and humanitarian assistance. Property rights are insecure and price signals are weak, because markets are not well-organized.
South Sudan has little infrastructure – about 10,000 kilometers of roads, but just 2% of them paved. Electricity is produced mostly by costly diesel generators, and indoor plumbing and potable water are scarce, so less than 2% of the population has access to electricity. About 90% of consumed goods, capital, and services are imported from neighboring countries – mainly Uganda, Kenya and Sudan. Chinese investment plays a growing role in the infrastructure and energy sectors.
Nevertheless, South Sudan does have abundant natural resources. South Sudan holds one of the richest agricultural areas in Africa, with fertile soils and abundant water supplies. Currently the region supports 10-20 million head of cattle. At independence in 2011, South Sudan produced nearly three-fourths of former Sudan's total oil output of nearly a half million barrels per day. The Government of South Sudan relies on oil for the vast majority of its budget revenues, although oil production has fallen sharply since independence. South Sudan is one of the most oil-dependent countries in the world, with 98% of the government’s annual operating budget and 80% of its gross domestic product (GDP) derived from oil. Oil is exported through a pipeline that runs to refineries and shipping facilities at Port Sudan on the Red Sea. The economy of South Sudan will remain linked to Sudan for some time, given the existing oil infrastructure. The outbreak of conflict in December 2013, combined with falling crude oil production and prices, meant that GDP fell significantly between 2014 and 2017. Since the second half of 2017 oil production has risen, and is currently about 130,000 barrels per day.
Poverty and food insecurity has risen due to displacement of people caused by the conflict. With famine spreading, 66% of the population in South Sudan is living on less than about $2 a day, up from 50.6% in 2009, according to the World Bank. About 80% of the population lives in rural areas, with agriculture, forestry and fishing providing the livelihood for a majority of the households. Much of rural sector activity is focused on low-input, low-output subsistence agriculture.
South Sudan is burdened by considerable debt because of increased military spending and high levels of government corruption. Economic mismanagement is prevalent. Civil servants, including police and the military, are not paid on time, creating incentives to engage in looting and banditry. South Sudan has received more than $11 billion in foreign aid since 2005, largely from the US, the UK, and the EU. Inflation peaked at over 800% per year in October 2016 but dropped to 118% in 2017. The government has funded its expenditures by borrowing from the central bank and foreign sources, using forward sales of oil as collateral. The central bank’s decision to adopt a managed floating exchange rate regime in December 2015 triggered a 97% depreciation of the currency and spawned a growing black market.
Long-term challenges include rooting out public sector corruption, improving agricultural productivity, alleviating poverty and unemployment, improving fiscal transparency - particularly in regard to oil revenues, taming inflation, improving government revenues, and creating a rules-based business environment.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-5.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-13.9% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-0.2% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "187.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "379.8% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { "text": "$20.01 billion (2017 est.)" @@ -634,8 +621,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$3.06 billion (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "-5.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "-13.9% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "-0.2% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2017": { @@ -649,15 +644,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$3.06 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "187.9% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "18.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "7.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "379.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { @@ -677,20 +672,6 @@ "text": "-27.2% (2011 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "34.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "71 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "26.2 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "59 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, sorghum, vegetables, cassava, goat milk, fruit, beef, sesame seed, sheep milk, mutton" }, @@ -710,9 +691,6 @@ "text": "298.6 million (FY2017/18 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "8.5% (of GDP) (FY2017/18 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.3% (of GDP) (FY2017/18 est.)" }, @@ -724,6 +702,9 @@ "text": "86.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "8.5% (of GDP) (FY2017/18 est.)" + }, "Current account balance": { "Current account balance 2017": { "text": "-$154 million (2017 est.)" diff --git a/africa/pu.json b/africa/pu.json index 1238152e..fb7e5e5a 100644 --- a/africa/pu.json +++ b/africa/pu.json @@ -606,28 +606,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Guinea-Bissau is highly dependent on subsistence agriculture, cashew nut exports, and foreign assistance. Two out of three Bissau-Guineans remain below the absolute poverty line. The legal economy is based on cashews and fishing. Illegal logging and trafficking in narcotics also play significant roles. The combination of limited economic prospects, weak institutions, and favorable geography have made this West African country a way station for drugs bound for Europe.
Guinea-Bissau has substantial potential for development of mineral resources, including phosphates, bauxite, and mineral sands. Offshore oil and gas exploration has begun. The country’s climate and soil make it feasible to grow a wide range of cash crops, fruit, vegetables, and tubers; however, cashews generate more than 80% of export receipts and are the main source of income for many rural communities.
The government was deposed in August 2015, and since then, a political stalemate has resulted in weak governance and reduced donor support.
The country is participating in a three-year, IMF extended credit facility program that was suspended because of a planned bank bailout. The program was renewed in 2017, but the major donors of direct budget support (the EU, World Bank, and African Development Bank) have halted their programs indefinitely. Diversification of the economy remains a key policy goal, but Guinea-Bissau’s poor infrastructure and business climate will constrain this effort.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "6.3% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "6.1% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "0.2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "0.3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$3.821 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -640,8 +618,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.339 billion (2019 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "5.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "6.3% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "6.1% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -655,15 +641,18 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "8.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1.339 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "0.2% (2019 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "8.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "0.3% (2018 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "10.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -697,20 +686,6 @@ "text": "-26.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "43.2 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "75.5 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "59.6 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "38.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "rice, cashew nuts, roots/tubers nes, oil palm fruit, plantains, cassava, groundnuts, vegetables, coconuts, fruit" }, @@ -758,9 +733,6 @@ "text": "263.5 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "18.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -772,6 +744,9 @@ "text": "57.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "18.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/se.json b/africa/se.json index 027f22b5..1c9d4f7a 100644 --- a/africa/se.json +++ b/africa/se.json @@ -240,6 +240,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.82 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 96.2% of population" @@ -569,6 +572,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Since independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the pre-independence, near-subsistence level, moving the island into the high income group of countries. Growth has been led by the tourism sector, which directly employs about 26% of the labor force and directly and indirectly accounts for more than 55% of GDP, and by tuna fishing. In recent years, the government has encouraged foreign investment to upgrade hotels and tourism industry services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the dependence on tourism by promoting the development of the offshore financial, information, and communication sectors and renewable energy.
In 2008, having depleted its foreign exchange reserves, Seychelles defaulted on interest payments due on a $230 million Eurobond, requested assistance from the IMF, and immediately enacted a number of significant structural reforms, including liberalization of the exchange rate, reform of the public sector to include layoffs, and the sale of some state assets. In December 2013, the IMF declared that Seychelles had successfully transitioned to a market-based economy with full employment and a fiscal surplus. However, state-owned enterprises still play a prominent role in the economy. Effective 1 January 2017, Seychelles was no longer eligible for trade benefits under the US African Growth and Opportunities Act after having gained developed country status. Seychelles grew at 5% in 2017 because of a strong tourism sector and low commodity prices. The Seychellois Government met the IMF’s performance criteria for 2017 but recognizes a need to make additional progress to reduce high income inequality, represented by a Gini coefficient of 46.8.
As a very small open economy dependent on tourism, Seychelles remains vulnerable to developments such as economic downturns in countries that supply tourists, natural disasters, and changes in local climatic conditions and ocean temperature. One of the main challenges facing the government is implementing strategies that will increase Seychelles' long-term resilience to climate change without weakening economic growth.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$2.852 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$2.709 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$2.611 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "5.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -580,6 +595,21 @@ "text": "4.9% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$29,223 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$27,997 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$27,243 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1.748 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.8% (2019 est.)" @@ -596,44 +626,6 @@ "text": "B+ (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$2.852 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$2.709 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$2.611 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.748 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$29,223 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$27,997 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$27,243 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "12.4% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "13.1% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "13.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -665,20 +657,6 @@ "text": "-93.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "61.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "78.8 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "71.8 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "51.2 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "coconuts, vegetables, bananas, fruit, eggs, poultry, tomatoes, pork, tropical fruit, cassava" }, @@ -734,9 +712,6 @@ "text": "600.7 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -748,6 +723,9 @@ "text": "69.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "39.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1031,7 +1009,7 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.6% of GDP (2020)" + "text": "1.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2019)" diff --git a/africa/sf.json b/africa/sf.json index 1b4639ab..29ab913a 100644 --- a/africa/sf.json +++ b/africa/sf.json @@ -657,6 +657,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "South Africa is a middle-income emerging market with an abundant supply of natural resources; well-developed financial, legal, communications, energy, and transport sectors; and a stock exchange that is Africa’s largest and among the top 20 in the world.
Economic growth has decelerated in recent years, slowing to an estimated 0.7% in 2017. Unemployment, poverty, and inequality - among the highest in the world - remain a challenge. Official unemployment is roughly 27% of the workforce, and runs significantly higher among black youth. Even though the country's modern infrastructure supports a relatively efficient distribution of goods to major urban centers throughout the region, unstable electricity supplies retard growth. Eskom, the state-run power company, is building three new power stations and is installing new power demand management programs to improve power grid reliability but has been plagued with accusations of mismanagement and corruption and faces an increasingly high debt burden.
South Africa's economic policy has focused on controlling inflation while empowering a broader economic base; however, the country faces structural constraints that also limit economic growth, such as skills shortages, declining global competitiveness, and frequent work stoppages due to strike action. The government faces growing pressure from urban constituencies to improve the delivery of basic services to low-income areas, to increase job growth, and to provide university level-education at affordable prices. Political infighting among South Africa’s ruling party and the volatility of the rand risks economic growth. International investors are concerned about the country’s long-term economic stability; in late 2016, most major international credit ratings agencies downgraded South Africa’s international debt to junk bond status.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$730.913 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$729.799 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$724.1 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "0.06% (2019 est.)" @@ -668,6 +680,21 @@ "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$12,482 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$12,631 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$12,703 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$350.032 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "4.1% (2019 est.)" @@ -690,44 +717,6 @@ "text": "BB- (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$730.913 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$729.799 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$724.1 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$350.032 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$12,482 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$12,631 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$12,703 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "14.9% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "14.9% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "16.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -759,20 +748,6 @@ "text": "-28.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "67 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "81.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "59.6 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "56.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, maize, milk, potatoes, grapes, poultry, oranges, wheat, soybeans, beef" }, @@ -831,9 +806,6 @@ "text": "108.3 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-4.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -845,6 +817,9 @@ "text": "51.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "26.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, diff --git a/africa/sg.json b/africa/sg.json index 8400ed87..6ac10c7c 100644 --- a/africa/sg.json +++ b/africa/sg.json @@ -670,6 +670,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Senegal’s economy is driven by mining, construction, tourism, fisheries and agriculture, which are the primary sources of employment in rural areas. The country's key export industries include phosphate mining, fertilizer production, agricultural products and commercial fishing and Senegal is also working on oil exploration projects. It relies heavily on donor assistance, remittances and foreign direct investment. Senegal reached a growth rate of 7% in 2017, due in part to strong performance in agriculture despite erratic rainfall.
President Macky SALL, who was elected in March 2012 under a reformist policy agenda, inherited an economy with high energy costs, a challenging business environment, and a culture of overspending. President SALL unveiled an ambitious economic plan, the Emerging Senegal Plan (ESP), which aims to implement priority economic reforms and investment projects to increase economic growth while preserving macroeconomic stability and debt sustainability. Bureaucratic bottlenecks and a challenging business climate are among the perennial challenges that may slow the implementation of this plan.
Senegal receives technical support from the IMF under a Policy Support Instrument (PSI) to assist with implementation of the ESP. The PSI implementation continues to be satisfactory as concluded by the IMF’s fifth review in December 2017. Financial markets have signaled confidence in Senegal through successful Eurobond issuances in 2014, 2017, and 2018.
The government is focusing on 19 projects under the ESP to continue The government’s goal under the ESP is structural transformation of the economy. Key projects include the Thiès-Touba Highway, the new international airport opened in December 2017, and upgrades to energy infrastructure. The cost of electricity is a chief constraint for Senegal’s development. Electricity prices in Senegal are among the highest in the world. Power Africa, a US presidential initiative led by USAID, supports Senegal’s plans to improve reliability and increase generating capacity.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$55.324 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$52.553 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$49.402 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "7.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -681,6 +693,21 @@ "text": "6.4% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$3,395 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$3,315 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$3,204 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$23.576 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "-0.8% (2019 est.)" @@ -700,44 +727,6 @@ "text": "B+ (2000)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$55.324 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$52.553 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$49.402 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$23.576 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$3,395 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,315 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$3,204 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "23.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "22.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "20.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "16.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -769,20 +758,6 @@ "text": "-42.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "59.3 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "91.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "60.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "50.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "groundnuts, watermelons, rice, sugar cane, cassava, millet, maize, onions, sorghum, vegetables" }, @@ -835,9 +810,6 @@ "text": "4.9 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "19.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -849,6 +821,9 @@ "text": "47.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "19.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/sh.json b/africa/sh.json index be8e3165..05bb41fb 100644 --- a/africa/sh.json +++ b/africa/sh.json @@ -224,6 +224,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.6 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -232,6 +235,9 @@ "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -249,6 +255,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" } @@ -410,27 +419,27 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which amounted to about $27 million in FY06/07 or more than twice the level of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, raising livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK." }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "text": "NA
" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2012": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2009": { "text": "$31.1 million (2009 est.)" } }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "NA" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "text": "NA
" }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita FY09/10": { "text": "$7,800 (FY09/10 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2012": { + "text": "4% (2012 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "NA" diff --git a/africa/so.json b/africa/so.json index cdca8720..5da7240a 100644 --- a/africa/so.json +++ b/africa/so.json @@ -272,6 +272,9 @@ "text": "total: 16.2% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Physicians density": { "text": "0.02 physicians/1,000 population (2014)" }, @@ -608,25 +611,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Despite the lack of effective national governance, Somalia maintains an informal economy largely based on livestock, remittance/money transfer companies, and telecommunications. Somalia's government lacks the ability to collect domestic revenue and external debt – mostly in arrears – was estimated at about 77% of GDP in 2017.
Agriculture is the most important sector, with livestock normally accounting for about 40% of GDP and more than 50% of export earnings. Nomads and semi-pastoralists, who are dependent upon livestock for their livelihood, make up a large portion of the population. Economic activity is estimated to have increased by 2.4% in 2017 because of growth in the agriculture, construction and telecommunications sector. Somalia's small industrial sector, based on the processing of agricultural products, has largely been looted and the machinery sold as scrap metal.
In recent years, Somalia's capital city, Mogadishu, has witnessed the development of the city's first gas stations, supermarkets, and airline flights to Turkey since the collapse of central authority in 1991. Mogadishu's main market offers a variety of goods from food to electronic gadgets. Hotels continue to operate and are supported with private-security militias. Formalized economic growth has yet to expand outside of Mogadishu and a few regional capitals, and within the city, security concerns dominate business. Telecommunication firms provide wireless services in most major cities and offer the lowest international call rates on the continent. In the absence of a formal banking sector, money transfer/remittance services have sprouted throughout the country, handling up to $1.6 billion in remittances annually, although international concerns over the money transfers into Somalia continues to threaten these services’ ability to operate in Western nations. In 2017, Somalia elected a new president and collected a record amount of foreign aid and investment, a positive sign for economic recovery.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.4% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.9% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-71.1% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { "text": "$20.44 billion (2017 est.)" @@ -639,9 +623,28 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2016 US dollars" }, + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "4.4% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "3.9% (2015 est.)" + } + }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$7.052 billion (2017 est.)" }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "1.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "-71.1% (2016 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "60.2% (2013 est.)" @@ -673,20 +676,6 @@ "text": "-1.6% (2015 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "20 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "46 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "51.6 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "54.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "camel milk, milk, sheep milk, goat milk, sugar cane, fruit, sorghum, cassava, vegetables, maize" }, @@ -732,9 +721,6 @@ "text": "151.1 million (2014 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "2.1% (of GDP) (2014 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.1% (of GDP) (2014 est.)" }, @@ -746,6 +732,9 @@ "text": "93% of GDP (2014 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "2.1% (of GDP) (2014 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -1025,7 +1014,8 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2013": { "text": "1.1% of GDP (2013 est.)" - } + }, + "note": "no figures available after 2017" }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "estimates for the size of the Somali National Army (SNA) vary widely, from a low of about 10,000 to a high of some 25,000 due to inconsistent internal reporting and the ongoing attempts to integrate various militias (2021)", diff --git a/africa/su.json b/africa/su.json index 2411a5a4..a1d0dcc2 100644 --- a/africa/su.json +++ b/africa/su.json @@ -663,28 +663,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Sudan has experienced protracted social conflict and the loss of three quarters of its oil production due to the secession of South Sudan. The oil sector had driven much of Sudan's GDP growth since 1999. For nearly a decade, the economy boomed on the back of rising oil production, high oil prices, and significant inflows of foreign direct investment. Since the economic shock of South Sudan's secession, Sudan has struggled to stabilize its economy and make up for the loss of foreign exchange earnings. The interruption of oil production in South Sudan in 2012 for over a year and the consequent loss of oil transit fees further exacerbated the fragile state of Sudan’s economy. Ongoing conflicts in Southern Kordofan, Darfur, and the Blue Nile states, lack of basic infrastructure in large areas, and reliance by much of the population on subsistence agriculture, keep close to half of the population at or below the poverty line.
Sudan was subject to comprehensive US sanctions, which were lifted in October 2017. Sudan is attempting to develop non-oil sources of revenues, such as gold mining and agriculture, while carrying out an austerity program to reduce expenditures. The world’s largest exporter of gum Arabic, Sudan produces 75-80% of the world’s total output. Agriculture continues to employ 80% of the work force.
Sudan introduced a new currency, still called the Sudanese pound, following South Sudan's secession, but the value of the currency has fallen since its introduction. Khartoum formally devalued the currency in June 2012, when it passed austerity measures that included gradually repealing fuel subsidies. Sudan also faces high inflation, which reached 47% on an annual basis in November 2012 but fell to about 35% per year in 2017.
(2017)" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1.3% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "50.2% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "62.8% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "32.5% (2017 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$168.28 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -697,8 +675,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$24.918 billion (2019 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "3% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "1.3% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -712,15 +698,18 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "43.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$24.918 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "50.2% (2019 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "29.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "62.8% (2018 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "12.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "32.5% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -754,20 +743,6 @@ "text": "-11.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "44.8 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "76.7 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "19 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "47.8 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, sorghum, milk, groundnuts, onions, sesame seed, goat milk, millet, bananas, wheat" }, @@ -823,9 +798,6 @@ "text": "13.36 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "18.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-10.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -837,6 +809,9 @@ "text": "99.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "18.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1150,20 +1125,20 @@ "note": "the RSF is an autonomous paramilitary force formed in 2013 to fight armed rebel groups in Sudan, with Mohammed Hamdan DAGALLO (aka Hemeti) as its commander (he is also Deputy Chairman of the Sovereignty Council), from the remnants of the Janjaweed militia that participated in suppressing the Darfur rebellion; it was initially placed under the National Intelligence and Security Service, then came under the direct command of former president Omar al-BASHIR, who boosted the RSF as his own personal security force; the RSF has been accused of committing rights abuses against civilians; it is also reportedly involved in business enterprises, such as gold mining; in late 2019, Sovereignty Council Chairman and SAF Commander-in-Chief General Abd-al-Fatah al-BURHAN said the RSF would be fully integrated into the SAF, but did not give a timeline" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "1.6% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "2.3% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "2.3% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "3.5% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "3.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { - "text": "2.9% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "2.4% of GDP (2015)" + "text": "2.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/to.json b/africa/to.json index c8e51da8..7c5653da 100644 --- a/africa/to.json +++ b/africa/to.json @@ -667,6 +667,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Togo has enjoyed a period of steady economic growth fueled by political stability and a concerted effort by the government to modernize the country’s commercial infrastructure, but discontent with President Faure GNASSINGBE has led to a rapid rise in protests, creating downside risks. The country completed an ambitious large-scale infrastructure improvement program, including new principal roads, a new airport terminal, and a new seaport. The economy depends heavily on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, providing employment for around 60% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton and other agricultural products generate about 20% of export earnings with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is among the world's largest producers of phosphate and seeks to develop its carbonate phosphate reserves, which provide more than 20% of export earnings.
Supported by the World Bank and the IMF, the government's decade-long effort to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Togo completed its IMF Extended Credit Facility in 2011 and reached a Heavily Indebted Poor Country debt relief completion point in 2010 at which 95% of the country's debt was forgiven. Togo continues to work with the IMF on structural reforms, and in January 2017, the IMF signed an Extended Credit Facility arrangement consisting of a three-year $238 million loan package. Progress depends on follow through on privatization, increased transparency in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors.
Togo’s 2017 economic growth probably remained steady at 5.0%, largely driven by infusions of foreign aid, infrastructure investment in its port and mineral industry, and improvements in the business climate. Foreign direct investment inflows have slowed in recent years.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$12.904 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$12.25 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$11.674 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "4.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -678,6 +690,21 @@ "text": "5.7% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$1,597 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$1,553 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$1,517 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$5.232 billion (2018 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.6% (2019 est.)" @@ -697,44 +724,6 @@ "text": "B (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$12.904 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$12.25 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$11.674 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$5.232 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$1,597 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$1,553 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$1,517 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "21.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "21.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "21.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "28.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -766,20 +755,6 @@ "text": "-61% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "62.3 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "95.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "63.7 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "49 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "cassava, maize, yams, sorghum, beans, oil palm fruit, rice, vegetables, cotton, groundnuts" }, @@ -832,9 +807,6 @@ "text": "1.203 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -846,6 +818,9 @@ "text": "81.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "21.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/ts.json b/africa/ts.json index 0a0120f4..a32198f3 100644 --- a/africa/ts.json +++ b/africa/ts.json @@ -627,6 +627,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Tunisia's economy – structurally designed to favor vested interests – faced an array of challenges exposed by the 2008 global financial crisis that helped precipitate the 2011 Arab Spring revolution. After the revolution and a series of terrorist attacks, including on the country’s tourism sector, barriers to economic inclusion continued to add to slow economic growth and high unemployment.
Following an ill-fated experiment with socialist economic policies in the 1960s, Tunisia focused on bolstering exports, foreign investment, and tourism, all of which have become central to the country's economy. Key exports now include textiles and apparel, food products, petroleum products, chemicals, and phosphates, with about 80% of exports bound for Tunisia's main economic partner, the EU. Tunisia's strategy, coupled with investments in education and infrastructure, fueled decades of 4-5% annual GDP growth and improved living standards. Former President Zine el Abidine BEN ALI (1987-2011) continued these policies, but as his reign wore on cronyism and corruption stymied economic performance, unemployment rose, and the informal economy grew. Tunisia’s economy became less and less inclusive. These grievances contributed to the January 2011 overthrow of BEN ALI, further depressing Tunisia's economy as tourism and investment declined sharply.
Tunisia’s government remains under pressure to boost economic growth quickly to mitigate chronic socio-economic challenges, especially high levels of youth unemployment, which has persisted since the 2011 revolution. Successive terrorist attacks against the tourism sector and worker strikes in the phosphate sector, which combined account for nearly 15% of GDP, slowed growth from 2015 to 2017. Tunis is seeking increased foreign investment and working with the IMF through an Extended Fund Facility agreement to fix fiscal deficiencies.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$125.783 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$124.485 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$121.254 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "2% (2017 est.)" @@ -638,6 +650,21 @@ "text": "1.2% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$10,756 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$10,764 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$10,605 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$38.884 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "6.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -660,44 +687,6 @@ "text": "N/A (2013)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$125.783 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$124.485 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$121.254 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$38.884 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$10,756 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$10,764 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$10,605 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "8.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "8.1% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "8.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "10.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -729,20 +718,6 @@ "text": "-55.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "68.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "94.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "74.6 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "58.4 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "wheat, milk, tomatoes, barley, olives, watermelons, green chillies/peppers, potatoes, dates, green onions/shallots" }, @@ -801,9 +776,6 @@ "text": "12.21 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "24.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-5.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -815,6 +787,9 @@ "text": "62.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "24.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1111,6 +1086,9 @@ "text": "Tunisian Armed Forces (Forces Armees Tunisiens, FAT): Tunisian Army (includes Tunisian Air Defense Force), Tunisian Navy, Republic of Tunisia Air Force; Ministry of Interior: Tunisian National Guard (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "2.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "2.5% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1122,9 +1100,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "2.4% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "2.3% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/africa/tz.json b/africa/tz.json index bb8a8977..bac72bd6 100644 --- a/africa/tz.json +++ b/africa/tz.json @@ -667,6 +667,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Tanzania has achieved high growth rates based on its vast natural resource wealth and tourism with GDP growth in 2009-17 averaging 6%-7% per year. Dar es Salaam used fiscal stimulus measures and easier monetary policies to lessen the impact of the global recession and in general, benefited from low oil prices. Tanzania has largely completed its transition to a market economy, though the government retains a presence in sectors such as telecommunications, banking, energy, and mining.
The economy depends on agriculture, which accounts for slightly less than one-quarter of GDP and employs about 65% of the work force, although gold production in recent years has increased to about 35% of exports. All land in Tanzania is owned by the government, which can lease land for up to 99 years. Proposed reforms to allow for land ownership, particularly foreign land ownership, remain unpopular.
The financial sector in Tanzania has expanded in recent years and foreign-owned banks account for about 48% of the banking industry's total assets. Competition among foreign commercial banks has resulted in significant improvements in the efficiency and quality of financial services, though interest rates are still relatively high, reflecting high fraud risk. Banking reforms have helped increase private-sector growth and investment.
The World Bank, the IMF, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's aging infrastructure, including rail and port, which provide important trade links for inland countries. In 2013, Tanzania completed the world's largest Millennium Challenge Compact (MCC) grant, worth $698 million, but in late 2015, the MCC Board of Directors deferred a decision to renew Tanzania’s eligibility because of irregularities in voting in Zanzibar and concerns over the government's use of a controversial cybercrime bill.
The new government elected in 2015 has developed an ambitious development agenda focused on creating a better business environment through improved infrastructure, access to financing, and education progress, but implementing budgets remains challenging for the government. Recent policy moves by President MAGUFULI are aimed at protecting domestic industry and have caused concern among foreign investors.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$149.785 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$141.585 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$134.274 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "6.98% (2019 est.)" @@ -678,6 +690,21 @@ "text": "6.78% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$2,660 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$2,590 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$2,530 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$60.633 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "3.4% (2019 est.)" @@ -694,44 +721,6 @@ "text": "B2 (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$149.785 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$141.585 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$134.274 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$60.633 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$2,660 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$2,590 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$2,530 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "30.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "23.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "24.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "23.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -763,20 +752,6 @@ "text": "-20.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "54.5 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "74.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "20.2 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "61.7 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "cassava, maize, sweet potatoes, sugar cane, rice, bananas, vegetables, milk, beans, sunflower seed" }, @@ -832,9 +807,6 @@ "text": "8.818 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -846,6 +818,9 @@ "text": "38% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "15.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index b908602f..41a078b4 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -647,6 +647,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, substantial reserves of recoverable oil, and small deposits of copper, gold, and other minerals. Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the economy, employing 72% of the work force. The country’s export market suffered a major slump following the outbreak of conflict in South Sudan, but has recovered lately, largely due to record coffee harvests, which account for 16% of exports, and increasing gold exports, which account for 10% of exports. Uganda has a small industrial sector that is dependent on imported inputs such as refined oil and heavy equipment. Overall, productivity is hampered by a number of supply-side constraints, including insufficient infrastructure, lack of modern technology in agriculture, and corruption.
Uganda’s economic growth has slowed since 2016 as government spending and public debt has grown. Uganda’s budget is dominated by energy and road infrastructure spending, while Uganda relies on donor support for long-term drivers of growth, including agriculture, health, and education. The largest infrastructure projects are externally financed through concessional loans, but at inflated costs. As a result, debt servicing for these loans is expected to rise.
Oil revenues and taxes are expected to become a larger source of government funding as oil production starts in the next three to 10 years. Over the next three to five years, foreign investors are planning to invest $9 billion in production facilities projects, $4 billion in an export pipeline, as well as in a $2-3 billion refinery to produce petroleum products for the domestic and East African Community markets. Furthermore, the government is looking to build several hundred million dollars’ worth of highway projects to the oil region.
Uganda faces many economic challenges. Instability in South Sudan has led to a sharp increase in Sudanese refugees and is disrupting Uganda's main export market. Additional economic risks include: poor economic management, endemic corruption, and the government’s failure to invest adequately in the health, education, and economic opportunities for a burgeoning young population. Uganda has one of the lowest electrification rates in Africa - only 22% of Ugandans have access to electricity, dropping to 10% in rural areas.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$96.838 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$90.669 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$85.406 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "4.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -658,6 +670,21 @@ "text": "5.7% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$2,187 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$2,122 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$2,075 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$34.683 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.8% (2019 est.)" @@ -680,44 +707,6 @@ "text": "B (2014)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$96.838 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$90.669 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$85.406 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$34.683 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$2,187 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$2,122 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$2,075 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "22.2% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "21.3% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "23.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "28.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -749,20 +738,6 @@ "text": "-25.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "60 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "71.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "66.7 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "60.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, plantains, cassava, maize, sweet potatoes, milk, vegetables, beans, bananas, sorghum" }, @@ -818,9 +793,6 @@ "text": "4.928 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "14.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-4.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -832,6 +804,9 @@ "text": "37.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "14.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, diff --git a/africa/uv.json b/africa/uv.json index 7e198102..a0b67af5 100644 --- a/africa/uv.json +++ b/africa/uv.json @@ -666,6 +666,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Burkina Faso is a poor, landlocked country that depends on adequate rainfall. Irregular patterns of rainfall, poor soil, and the lack of adequate communications and other infrastructure contribute to the economy’s vulnerability to external shocks. About 80% of the population is engaged in subsistence farming and cotton is the main cash crop. The country has few natural resources and a weak industrial base.
Cotton and gold are Burkina Faso’s key exports - gold has accounted for about three-quarters of the country’s total export revenues. Burkina Faso’s economic growth and revenue depends largely on production levels and global prices for the two commodities. The country has seen an upswing in gold exploration, production, and exports.
In 2016, the government adopted a new development strategy, set forth in the 2016-2020 National Plan for Economic and Social Development, that aims to reduce poverty, build human capital, and to satisfy basic needs. A new three-year IMF program (2018-2020), approved in 2018, will allow the government to reduce the budget deficit and preserve critical spending on social services and priority public investments.
While the end of the political crisis has allowed Burkina Faso’s economy to resume positive growth, the country’s fragile security situation could put these gains at risk. Political insecurity in neighboring Mali, unreliable energy supplies, and poor transportation links pose long-term challenges.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$44.266 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$41.879 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$39.238 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "6.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -677,6 +689,21 @@ "text": "3.9% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$2,178 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$2,120 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$2,044 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$14.271 billion (2018 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "-3.2% (2019 est.)" @@ -693,44 +720,6 @@ "text": "B (2017)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$44.266 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$41.879 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$39.238 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$14.271 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$2,178 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$2,120 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$2,044 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "17.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "14.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "8.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "31% (2017 est.)" @@ -762,20 +751,6 @@ "text": "-34.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "51.4 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "88.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "66.6 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "41.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sorghum, maize, millet, cotton, cow peas, sugar cane, groundnuts, rice, sesame seed, vegetables" }, @@ -829,9 +804,6 @@ "text": "3.655 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-7.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -843,6 +815,9 @@ "text": "38.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "21.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/wa.json b/africa/wa.json index 2da11fc6..44742559 100644 --- a/africa/wa.json +++ b/africa/wa.json @@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ "text": "National Council - elections for regional councils to determine members of the National Council held on 25 November 2020 (next to be held on 25 November 2025)Namibia’s economy is heavily dependent on the extraction and processing of minerals for export. Mining accounts for about 12.5% of GDP, but provides more than 50% of foreign exchange earnings. Rich alluvial diamond deposits make Namibia a primary source for gem-quality diamonds. Marine diamond mining is increasingly important as the terrestrial diamond supply has dwindled. The rising cost of mining diamonds, especially from the sea, combined with increased diamond production in Russia and China, has reduced profit margins. Namibian authorities have emphasized the need to add value to raw materials, do more in-country manufacturing, and exploit the services market, especially in the logistics and transportation sectors.
Namibia is one of the world’s largest producers of uranium. The Chinese-owned Husab uranium mine began producing uranium ore in 2017, and is expected to reach full production in August 2018 and produce 15 million pounds of uranium a year. Namibia also produces large quantities of zinc and is a smaller producer of gold and copper. Namibia's economy remains vulnerable to world commodity price fluctuations and drought.
Namibia normally imports about 50% of its cereal requirements; in drought years, food shortages are problematic in rural areas. A high per capita GDP, relative to the region, obscures one of the world's most unequal income distributions; the current government has prioritized exploring wealth redistribution schemes while trying to maintain a pro-business environment. GDP growth in 2017 slowed to about 1%, however, due to contractions in both the construction and mining sectors, as well as an ongoing drought. Growth is expected to recover modestly in 2018.
A five-year Millennium Challenge Corporation compact ended in September 2014. As an upper middle income country, Namibia is ineligible for a second compact. The Namibian economy is closely linked to South Africa with the Namibian dollar pegged one-to-one to the South African rand. Namibia receives 30%-40% of its revenues from the Southern African Customs Union (SACU); volatility in the size of Namibia's annual SACU allotment and global mineral prices complicates budget planning.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$24.04 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$24.316 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$24.147 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "-1.56% (2019 est.)" @@ -665,6 +677,21 @@ "text": "-1.02% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$9,637 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$9,932 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$10,051 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$12.372 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "3.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -684,44 +711,6 @@ "text": "Ba3 (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$24.04 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$24.316 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$24.147 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$12.372 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$9,637 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$9,932 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$10,051 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "8.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "12% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "12.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "6.7% (2016 est.)" @@ -753,20 +742,6 @@ "text": "-47.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "61.4 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "72.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "61.5 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "63.4 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "roots/tubers nes, milk, maize, onions, beef, grapes, fruit, pulses nes, vegetables, millet" }, @@ -826,9 +801,6 @@ "text": "5 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "32.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-5.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -840,6 +812,9 @@ "text": "39.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "32.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, diff --git a/africa/za.json b/africa/za.json index 4a7b7335..524e8d96 100644 --- a/africa/za.json +++ b/africa/za.json @@ -637,6 +637,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Zambia had one of the world’s fastest growing economies for the ten years up to 2014, with real GDP growth averaging roughly 6.7% per annum, though growth slowed during the period 2015 to 2017, due to falling copper prices, reduced power generation, and depreciation of the kwacha. Zambia’s lack of economic diversification and dependency on copper as its sole major export makes it vulnerable to fluctuations in the world commodities market and prices turned downward in 2015 due to declining demand from China; Zambia was overtaken by the Democratic Republic of Congo as Africa’s largest copper producer. GDP growth picked up in 2017 as mineral prices rose.
Despite recent strong economic growth and its status as a lower middle-income country, widespread and extreme rural poverty and high unemployment levels remain significant problems, made worse by a high birth rate, a relatively high HIV/AIDS burden, by market-distorting agricultural and energy policies, and growing government debt. Zambia raised $7 billion from international investors by issuing separate sovereign bonds in 2012, 2014, and 2015. Concurrently, it issued over $4 billion in domestic debt and agreed to Chinese-financed infrastructure projects, significantly increasing the country’s public debt burden to more than 60% of GDP. The government has considered refinancing $3 billion worth of Eurobonds and significant Chinese loans to cut debt servicing costs.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$61.985 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$61.104 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$58.735 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "3.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -648,6 +660,21 @@ "text": "2.9% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$3,470 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$3,522 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$3,485 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$25.71 billion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "9.1% (2019 est.)" @@ -670,44 +697,6 @@ "text": "SD (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$61.985 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$61.104 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$58.735 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$25.71 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$3,470 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,522 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$3,485 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "39.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "41.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "36.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "7.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -739,20 +728,6 @@ "text": "-44.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "66.9 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "84.9 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "56.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "50.8 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, cassava, maize, milk, vegetables, soybeans, beef, tobacco, wheat, groundnuts" }, @@ -811,9 +786,6 @@ "text": "6.357 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-7.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -825,6 +797,9 @@ "text": "60.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "17.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/africa/zi.json b/africa/zi.json index 816e9d3c..308b2dc2 100644 --- a/africa/zi.json +++ b/africa/zi.json @@ -653,28 +653,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Zimbabwe's economy depends heavily on its mining and agriculture sectors. Following a contraction from 1998 to 2008, the economy recorded real growth of more than 10% per year in the period 2010-13, before falling below 3% in the period 2014-17, due to poor harvests, low diamond revenues, and decreased investment. Lower mineral prices, infrastructure and regulatory deficiencies, a poor investment climate, a large public and external debt burden, and extremely high government wage expenses impede the country’s economic performance.
Until early 2009, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) routinely printed money to fund the budget deficit, causing hyperinflation. Adoption of a multi-currency basket in early 2009 - which allowed currencies such as the Botswana pula, the South Africa rand, and the US dollar to be used locally - reduced inflation below 10% per year. In January 2015, as part of the government’s effort to boost trade and attract foreign investment, the RBZ announced that the Chinese renmimbi, Indian rupee, Australian dollar, and Japanese yen would be accepted as legal tender in Zimbabwe, though transactions were predominantly carried out in US dollars and South African rand until 2016, when the rand’s devaluation and instability led to near-exclusive use of the US dollar. The government in November 2016 began releasing bond notes, a parallel currency legal only in Zimbabwe which the government claims will have a one-to-one exchange ratio with the US dollar, to ease cash shortages. Bond notes began trading at a discount of up to 10% in the black market by the end of 2016.
Zimbabwe’s government entered a second Staff Monitored Program with the IMF in 2014 and undertook other measures to reengage with international financial institutions. Zimbabwe repaid roughly $108 million in arrears to the IMF in October 2016, but financial observers note that Zimbabwe is unlikely to gain new financing because the government has not disclosed how it plans to repay more than $1.7 billion in arrears to the World Bank and African Development Bank. International financial institutions want Zimbabwe to implement significant fiscal and structural reforms before granting new loans. Foreign and domestic investment continues to be hindered by the lack of land tenure and titling, the inability to repatriate dividends to investors overseas, and the lack of clarity regarding the government’s Indigenization and Economic Empowerment Act.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "0.7% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1.4% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "241.7% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "10.6% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$41.533 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -687,8 +665,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$21.441 billion (2019 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "3.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "0.7% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "1.4% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -702,15 +688,18 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "-2.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$21.441 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "241.7% (2019 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "19.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "10.6% (2018 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -744,20 +733,6 @@ "text": "-39.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "54.5 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "72 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "54.3 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "39.7 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, maize, milk, tobacco, cassava, vegetables, bananas, beef, cotton, oranges" }, @@ -817,9 +792,6 @@ "text": "5.5 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-9.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -831,6 +803,9 @@ "text": "69.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "21.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/antarctica/bv.json b/antarctica/bv.json index ebf58dae..67793924 100644 --- a/antarctica/bv.json +++ b/antarctica/bv.json @@ -88,6 +88,38 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "uninhabited" + }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "15-24 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "25-54 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "55-64 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { diff --git a/antarctica/fs.json b/antarctica/fs.json index be0c7a42..df6d232e 100644 --- a/antarctica/fs.json +++ b/antarctica/fs.json @@ -66,6 +66,38 @@ "Population": { "text": "no indigenous inhabitants", "note": "Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): uninhabited but has a meteorological stationAmerican Samoa s a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned. Economic activity is strongly linked to the US with which American Samoa conducts most of its commerce. Tuna fishing and processing are the backbone of the private sector with processed fish products as the primary exports. The fish processing business accounted for 15.5% of employment in 2015.
In late September 2009, an earthquake and the resulting tsunami devastated American Samoa and nearby Samoa, disrupting transportation and power generation, and resulting in about 200 deaths. The US Federal Emergency Management Agency oversaw a relief program of nearly $25 million. Transfers from the US Government add substantially to American Samoa's economic well-being.
Attempts by the government to develop a larger and broader economy are restrained by Samoa's remote location, its limited transportation, and its devastating hurricanes. Tourism has some potential as a source of income and jobs.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-2.5% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1.2% (2015 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "1% (2014 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015": { - "text": "-0.5% (2015 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2014": { - "text": "1.4% (2014 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016": { "text": "$658 million (2016 est.)" @@ -458,8 +448,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2016 US dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$658 million (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "-2.5% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "1.2% (2015 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { + "text": "1% (2014 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2016": { @@ -472,6 +470,17 @@ "text": "$11,200 (2014 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$658 million (2016 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015": { + "text": "-0.5% (2015 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2014": { + "text": "1.4% (2014 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "27.4% (2012)" @@ -550,9 +559,6 @@ "text": "262.5 million (2016 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "37.8% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.1% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" }, @@ -561,6 +567,9 @@ "text": "12.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "37.8% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/as.json b/australia-oceania/as.json index 2d69bd09..2d61f635 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/as.json +++ b/australia-oceania/as.json @@ -305,6 +305,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "29% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.1% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -605,6 +608,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Australia is an open market with minimal restrictions on imports of goods and services. The process of opening up has increased productivity, stimulated growth, and made the economy more flexible and dynamic. Australia plays an active role in the WTO, APEC, the G20, and other trade forums. Australia’s free trade agreement (FTA) with China entered into force in 2015, adding to existing FTAs with the Republic of Korea, Japan, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, and the US, and a regional FTA with ASEAN and New Zealand. Australia continues to negotiate bilateral agreements with Indonesia, as well as larger agreements with its Pacific neighbors and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, and an Asia-wide Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership that includes the 10 ASEAN countries and China, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, and India.
Australia is a significant exporter of natural resources, energy, and food. Australia's abundant and diverse natural resources attract high levels of foreign investment and include extensive reserves of coal, iron, copper, gold, natural gas, uranium, and renewable energy sources. A series of major investments, such as the US$40 billion Gorgon Liquid Natural Gas Project, will significantly expand the resources sector.
For nearly two decades up till 2017, Australia had benefited from a dramatic surge in its terms of trade. As export prices increased faster than import prices, the economy experienced continuous growth, low unemployment, contained inflation, very low public debt, and a strong and stable financial system. Australia entered 2018 facing a range of growth constraints, principally driven by the sharp fall in global prices of key export commodities. Demand for resources and energy from Asia and especially China is growing at a slower pace and sharp drops in export prices have impacted growth.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$1,264,514,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$1,237,766,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$1,202,307,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "1.84% (2019 est.)" @@ -616,6 +631,21 @@ "text": "2.45% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$49,854 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$49,545 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$48,871 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1,390,790,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.6% (2019 est.)" @@ -638,44 +668,6 @@ "text": "AAA (2003)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1,264,514,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,237,766,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$1,202,307,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1,390,790,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$49,854 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$49,545 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$48,871 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "22.5% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "21.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "21.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "3.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -707,20 +699,6 @@ "text": "-21% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "81.2 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "96.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "70.3 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "79 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, wheat, barley, milk, rapeseed, beef, cotton, grapes, poultry, potatoes" }, @@ -776,9 +754,6 @@ "text": "496.9 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "35.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -790,6 +765,9 @@ "text": "40.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "35.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/at.json b/australia-oceania/at.json index d5c5b36c..f2467c4c 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/at.json +++ b/australia-oceania/at.json @@ -86,8 +86,40 @@ "text": "no indigenous inhabitants (July 2021 est.)", "note": "note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island; access to East and Middle Islands is by permit only" }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "15-24 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "25-54 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "55-64 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.32% (2021 est.)" + }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "NA (2021 est.)" + }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ck.json b/australia-oceania/ck.json index 12edacba..b1d910fb 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ck.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ck.json @@ -112,6 +112,23 @@ "Religions": { "text": "Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 75%, Anglican 3.5%, Roman Catholic 2.2%, none 12.9%, unspecified 6.3% (2016 est.)" }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "15-24 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "25-54 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "55-64 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "NA (2021 est.)" }, @@ -119,7 +136,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Death rate": { - "text": "8.89 deaths/1,000 population NA (2021 est.)" + "text": "8.89 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)" }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "NA (2021 est.)" @@ -152,6 +169,12 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "NA (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -160,6 +183,9 @@ }, "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { @@ -291,14 +317,14 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Coconuts, grown throughout the islands, are the sole cash crop. Small local gardens and fishing contribute to the food supply, but additional food and most other necessities must be imported from Australia. There is a small tourist industry." }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "text": "NA
" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2003": { "text": "1% (2003)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "NA
" - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "vegetables, bananas, pawpaws, coconuts" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/cq.json b/australia-oceania/cq.json index 0a98b75b..5794978b 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cq.json @@ -218,6 +218,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.66 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -226,6 +229,9 @@ "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 97.7% of population" @@ -243,6 +249,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" } @@ -434,25 +443,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands(CNMI) has been on the rebound in the last few years, mainly on the strength of its tourism industry. In 2016, the CNMI’s real GDP increased 28.6% over the previous year, following two years of relatively rapid growth in 2014 and 2015. Chinese and Korean tourists have supplanted Japanese tourists in the last few years. The Commonwealth is making a concerted effort to broaden its tourism by extending casino gambling from the small Islands of Tinian and Rota to the main Island of Saipan, its political and commercial center. Investment is concentrated on hotels and casinos in Saipan, the CNMI’s largest island and home to about 90% of its population.
Federal grants have also contributed to economic growth and stability. In 2016, federal grants amounted to $101.4 billion which made up 26% of the CNMI government’s total revenues. A small agriculture sector consists of cattle ranches and small farms producing coconuts, breadfruit, tomatoes, and melons.
Legislation is pending in the US Congress to extend the transition period to allow foreign workers to work in the CNMI on temporary visas.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "28.6% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "3.5% (2014 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0.3% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015": { - "text": "0.1% (2015 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016": { "text": "$1.242 billion (2016 est.)" @@ -465,8 +455,16 @@ }, "note": "note: GDP estimate includes US subsidy; data are in 2013 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.242 billion (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "28.6% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { + "text": "3.5% (2014 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2016": { @@ -479,6 +477,17 @@ "text": "$16,600 (2014 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1.242 billion (2016 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "0.3% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015": { + "text": "0.1% (2015 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.7% (2016)" @@ -561,9 +570,6 @@ "text": "344 million (2015 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "31.4% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "3.7% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" }, @@ -572,6 +578,9 @@ "text": "7.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "31.4% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/cr.json b/australia-oceania/cr.json index d1291ebc..8af14250 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cr.json @@ -81,6 +81,38 @@ "Population": { "text": "no indigenous inhabitants (July 2021 est.)", "note": "note: there is a staff of four at the meteorological station on Willis Island" + }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "15-24 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "25-54 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "55-64 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "NA (2021 est.)" + }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/cw.json b/australia-oceania/cw.json index ff01b9aa..31979c69 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cw.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cw.json @@ -219,6 +219,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.09 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -264,6 +267,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "55.9% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.7% of GDP (2016)" }, @@ -473,16 +479,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Like many other South Pacific island nations, the Cook Islands' economic development is hindered by the isolation of the country from foreign markets, the limited size of domestic markets, lack of natural resources, periodic devastation from natural disasters, and inadequate infrastructure. Agriculture, employing more than one-quarter of the working population, provides the economic base with major exports of copra and citrus fruit. Black pearls are the Cook Islands' leading export. Manufacturing activities are limited to fruit processing, clothing, and handicrafts. Trade deficits are offset by remittances from emigrants and by foreign aid overwhelmingly from New Zealand. In the 1980s and 1990s, the country became overextended, maintaining a bloated public service and accumulating a large foreign debt. Subsequent reforms, including the sale of state assets, the strengthening of economic management, the encouragement of tourism, and a debt restructuring agreement, have rekindled investment and growth. The government is targeting fisheries and seabed mining as sectors for future economic growth." }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2005": { - "text": "0.1% (2005 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2011": { - "text": "2.2% (2011 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016": { "text": "$299.9 million (2016 est.)" @@ -491,8 +487,10 @@ "text": "$183.2 million (2015 est.)" } }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$299.9 million (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2005": { + "text": "0.1% (2005 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2016": { @@ -502,6 +500,14 @@ "text": "$9,100 (2005 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$299.9 million (2016 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2011": { + "text": "2.2% (2011 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "5.1% (2010 est.)" @@ -560,12 +566,12 @@ "text": "77.9 million (2010)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29% (of GDP) (2010 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "3% (of GDP) (2010 est.)" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "29% (of GDP) (2010 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/fj.json b/australia-oceania/fj.json index 0a40dceb..41150203 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fj.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fj.json @@ -242,6 +242,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.28 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 97.8% of population" @@ -314,6 +317,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "30.2% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.9% of GDP (2013)" }, @@ -621,6 +627,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Fiji, endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, is one of the most developed and connected of the Pacific island economies. Earnings from the tourism industry, with an estimated 842,884 tourists visiting in 2017, and remittances from Fijian’s working abroad are the country’s largest foreign exchange earners.
Bottled water exports to the US is Fiji’s largest domestic export. Fiji's sugar sector remains a significant industry and a major export, but crops and one of the sugar mills suffered damage during Cyclone Winston in 2016. Fiji’s trade imbalance continues to widen with increased imports and sluggish performance of domestic exports.
The return to parliamentary democracy and successful elections in September 2014 improved investor confidence, but increasing bureaucratic regulation, new taxes, and lack of consultation with relevant stakeholders brought four consecutive years of decline for Fiji on the World Bank Ease of Doing Business index. Private sector investment in 2017 approached 20% of GDP, compared to 13% in 2013.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$12.178 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$12.232 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$11.783 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "3% (2017 est.)" @@ -632,6 +650,21 @@ "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$13,684 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$13,846 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$13,429 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$4.891 billion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "3.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -648,44 +681,6 @@ "text": "BB- (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$12.178 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$12.232 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$11.783 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.891 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$13,684 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$13,846 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$13,429 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "19% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "18.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "16.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "13.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -717,20 +712,6 @@ "text": "-51.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "61.5 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "73.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "77.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "57.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, cassava, taro, poultry, vegetables, coconuts, eggs, milk, ginger, sweet potatoes" }, @@ -786,9 +767,6 @@ "text": "1.648 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -800,6 +778,9 @@ "text": "47.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "29.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1097,6 +1078,9 @@ "text": "Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF): Land Force Command, Maritime Command (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.6% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1108,9 +1092,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.2% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/fm.json b/australia-oceania/fm.json index f454cff2..9e5135b2 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fm.json @@ -235,6 +235,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.27 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 78.6% of population" @@ -280,6 +283,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "45.8% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "12.5% of GDP (2015)" }, @@ -561,6 +567,15 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Economic activity consists largely of subsistence farming and fishing, and government, which employs two-thirds of the adult working population and receives funding largely - 58% in 2013 – from Compact of Free Association assistance provided by the US. The islands have few commercially valuable mineral deposits. The potential for tourism is limited by isolation, lack of adequate facilities, and limited internal air and water transportation.
Under the terms of the original Compact, the US provided $1.3 billion in grants and aid from 1986 to 2001. The US and the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) negotiated a second (amended) Compact agreement in 2002-03 that took effect in 2004. The amended Compact runs for a 20-year period to 2023; during which the US will provide roughly $2.1 billion to the FSM. The amended Compact also develops a trust fund for the FSM that will provide a comparable income stream beyond 2024 when Compact grants end.
The country's medium-term economic outlook appears fragile because of dependence on US assistance and lackluster performance of its small and stagnant private sector.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$390 million (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$389 million (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "2% (2017 est.)" @@ -572,26 +587,6 @@ "text": "3.9% (2015 est.)" } }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0.5% (2016 est.)" - } - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$390 million (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$389 million (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$328 million (2017 est.)" - }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2018": { "text": "$3,464 (2018 est.)" @@ -604,6 +599,17 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$328 million (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "0.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "0.5% (2016 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "26.3% (2013 est.)" @@ -635,20 +641,6 @@ "text": "-77% (2016 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "48.1 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "69.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "84 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "29.4 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "coconuts, cassava, vegetables, sweet potatoes, bananas, pork, plantains, fruit, eggs, beef" }, @@ -702,9 +694,6 @@ "text": "192.1 million (FY12/13 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "65.2% (of GDP) (FY12/13 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "6.6% (of GDP) (FY12/13 est.)" }, @@ -716,6 +705,9 @@ "text": "25.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "65.2% (of GDP) (FY12/13 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/fp.json b/australia-oceania/fp.json index 4a821d65..1a23b80a 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fp.json @@ -236,6 +236,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.82 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -244,6 +247,9 @@ "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Physicians density": { "text": "2.13 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" }, @@ -275,6 +281,9 @@ "text": "malaria" } }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": { "total": { "text": "56.7%" @@ -491,25 +500,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Since 1962, when France stationed military personnel in the region, French Polynesia has changed from a subsistence agricultural economy to one in which a high proportion of the work force is either employed by the military or supports the tourist industry. With the halt of French nuclear testing in 1996, the military contribution to the economy fell sharply.
After growing at an average yearly rate of 4.2% from 1997-2007, the economic and financial crisis in 2008 marked French Polynesia’s entry into recession. However, since 2014, French Polynesia has shown signs of recovery. Business turnover reached 1.8% year-on-year in September 2016, tourism increased 1.8% in 2015, and GDP grew 2.0% in 2015.
French Polynesia’s tourism-dominated service sector accounted for 85% of total value added for the economy in 2012. Tourism employs 17% of the workforce. Pearl farming is the second biggest industry, accounting for 54% of exports in 2015; however, the output has decreased to 12.5 tons – the lowest level since 2008. A small manufacturing sector predominantly processes commodities from French Polynesia’s primary sector - 8% of total economy in 2012 - including agriculture and fishing.
France has agreed to finance infrastructure, marine businesses, and cultural and ecological sites at roughly $80 million per year between 2015 and 2020. Japan, the US, and China are French Polynesia’s three largest trade partners.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2% (2015 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "-2.7% (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2010": { - "text": "-2.5% (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015": { - "text": "0% (2015 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2014": { - "text": "0.3% (2014 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { "text": "$5.49 billion (2017 est.)" @@ -521,8 +511,16 @@ "text": "$6.963 billion (2015 est.)" } }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.795 billion (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "2% (2015 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { + "text": "-2.7% (2014 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2010": { + "text": "-2.5% (2010 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2015": { @@ -535,6 +533,17 @@ "text": "$22,700 (2010)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$4.795 billion (2015 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015": { + "text": "0% (2015 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2014": { + "text": "0.3% (2014 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2.5% (2009)" @@ -616,12 +625,12 @@ "text": "1.833 billion (2011)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.4% (of GDP) (2012)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.2% (of GDP) (2012)" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "39.4% (of GDP) (2012)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/gq.json b/australia-oceania/gq.json index 3dbfae4b..16522de7 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/gq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/gq.json @@ -231,6 +231,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.81 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -239,6 +242,9 @@ "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 89.8% of population (2015 est.)" @@ -268,6 +274,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -482,25 +491,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "US national defense spending is the main driver of Guam’s economy, followed closely by tourism and other services. Guam serves as a forward US base for the Western Pacific and is home to thousands of American military personnel. Total federal spending (defense and non-defense) amounted to $1.988 billion in 2016, or 34.2 of Guam’s GDP. Of that total, federal grants and cover-over payments amounted to $3444.1 million in 2016, or 35.8% of Guam’s total revenues for the fiscal year. In 2016, Guam’s economy grew 0.3%. Despite slow growth, Guam’s economy has been stable over the last decade. National defense spending cushions the island’s economy against fluctuations in tourism. Service exports, mainly spending by foreign tourists in Guam, amounted to over $1 billion for the first time in 2016, or 17.8% of GDP." }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "0.4% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.5% (2015 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "1.6% (2014 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016": { "text": "$5.793 billion (2016 est.)" @@ -512,8 +502,16 @@ "text": "$5.531 billion (2014 est.)" } }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$5.793 billion (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "0.4% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "0.5% (2015 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { + "text": "1.6% (2014 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2016": { @@ -526,6 +524,17 @@ "text": "$34,400 (2014 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$5.793 billion (2016 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "0% (2016 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "NA" @@ -534,7 +543,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "services": { - "text": "58.4% NA (2015 est.)" + "text": "58.4% (2015 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { @@ -608,9 +617,6 @@ "text": "1.299 billion (2016 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.4% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" }, @@ -622,6 +628,9 @@ "text": "32.1% of GDP (2013)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "21.4% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/kt.json b/australia-oceania/kt.json index a18bfd2f..d9597c91 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kt.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kt.json @@ -128,6 +128,12 @@ "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.11% (2014 est.)" }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Population distribution": { "text": "majority of the population lives on the northern tip of the island" }, @@ -159,6 +165,12 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "NA" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -167,6 +179,9 @@ }, "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nc.json b/australia-oceania/nc.json index bf3fa196..9c8f2b31 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nc.json @@ -237,6 +237,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.87 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -245,6 +248,9 @@ "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Physicians density": { "text": "2.22 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" }, @@ -276,6 +282,9 @@ "text": "malaria" } }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -499,25 +508,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "New Caledonia has 11% of the world's nickel reserves, representing the second largest reserves on the planet. Only a small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, substantial financial support from France - equal to more than 15% of GDP - and tourism are keys to the health of the economy.
With the gradual increase in the production of two new nickel plants in 2015, average production of metallurgical goods stood at a record level of 94 thousand tons. However, the sector is exposed to the high volatility of nickel prices, which have been in decline since 2016. In 2017, one of the three major mining firms on the island, Vale, put its operations up for sale, triggering concerns of layoffs ahead of the 2018 independence referendum.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1.1% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.2% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0.6% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { "text": "$11.11 billion (2017 est.)" @@ -530,8 +520,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2015 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$9.77 billion (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "1.1% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "3.2% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2015": { @@ -544,6 +542,17 @@ "text": "$29,800 (2012 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$9.77 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "0.6% (2016 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -625,9 +634,6 @@ "text": "1.993 billion (2015 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.4% (of GDP) (2015 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "0% (of GDP) (2015 est.)" }, @@ -639,6 +645,9 @@ "text": "6.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "20.4% (of GDP) (2015 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/ne.json b/australia-oceania/ne.json index fc2e1e99..bf50344e 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ne.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ne.json @@ -117,9 +117,32 @@ "Religions": { "text": "Ekalesia Niue (Congregational Christian Church of Niue - a Protestant church founded by missionaries from the London Missionary Society) 61.7%, Mormon 8.7%, Roman Catholic 8.4%, Jehovah's Witness 2.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.4%, other 8.2%, none 8.9% (2017 est.)" }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "15-24 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "25-54 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "55-64 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.03% (2021 est.)" }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "NA (2021 est.)" + }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population distributed around the peripheral coastal areas of the island" }, @@ -162,6 +185,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "NA (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 98.2% of population" @@ -204,6 +230,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "50% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" } @@ -401,29 +430,29 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories for processing passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue.
Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Economic aid allocation from New Zealand in FY13/14 was US$10.1 million. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half.
The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of emigration to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and financial services, although the International Banking Repeal Act of 2002 resulted in the termination of all offshore banking licenses.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2003": { - "text": "6.2% (2003 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2005": { - "text": "4% (2005)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2003": { "text": "$10.01 million (2003 est.)" } }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$10.01 million (2003) (2003)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2003": { + "text": "6.2% (2003 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2003": { "text": "$5,800 (2003 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$10.01 million (2003) (2003)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2005": { + "text": "4% (2005)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "23.5% (2003)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/nf.json b/australia-oceania/nf.json index f874d2f3..0efe3285 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nf.json @@ -120,9 +120,32 @@ "Religions": { "text": "Protestant 46.8% (Anglican 29.2%, Uniting Church in Australia 9.8%, Presbyterian 2.9%, Seventh Day Adventist 2.7%, other 2.2%), Roman Catholic 12.6%, other Christian 2.9%, other 1.4%, none 26.7%, unspecified 9.5% (2016 est.)" }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "15-24 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "25-54 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "55-64 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.01% (2014 est.)" }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population concentrated around the capital of Kingston" }, @@ -154,6 +177,12 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "NA" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -163,6 +192,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" } diff --git a/australia-oceania/nr.json b/australia-oceania/nr.json index 1b16e12c..50ea1606 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nr.json @@ -218,6 +218,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.65 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -278,6 +281,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "61% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -528,25 +534,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Revenues of this tiny island - a coral atoll with a land area of 21 square kilometers - traditionally have come from exports of phosphates. Few other resources exist, with most necessities being imported, mainly from Australia, its former occupier and later major source of support. Primary reserves of phosphates were exhausted and mining ceased in 2006, but mining of a deeper layer of \"secondary phosphate\" in the interior of the island began the following year. The secondary phosphate deposits may last another 30 years. Earnings from Nauru’s export of phosphate remains an important source of income. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist; estimates of Nauru's GDP vary widely.
The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income were invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future.
Although revenue sources for government are limited, the opening of the Australian Regional Processing Center for asylum seekers since 2012 has sparked growth in the economy. Revenue derived from fishing licenses under the \"vessel day scheme\" has also boosted government income. Housing, hospitals, and other capital plant are deteriorating. The cost to Australia of keeping the Nauruan government and economy afloat continues to climb.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "10.4% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.8% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "5.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "8.2% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$145 million (2019 est.)" @@ -559,8 +546,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2015 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$114 million (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "10.4% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "2.8% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -574,6 +569,17 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars" }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$114 million (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "5.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "8.2% (2016 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "6.1% (2009 est.)" @@ -644,9 +650,6 @@ "text": "113.4 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "90.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-9.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -658,6 +661,9 @@ "text": "65% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "90.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/nz.json b/australia-oceania/nz.json index c6820ac0..fba71e1e 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nz.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nz.json @@ -318,6 +318,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "30.8% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.3% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -614,6 +617,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Over the past 40 years, the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy, dependent on concessionary British market access, to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes, but left behind some at the bottom of the ladder and broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector.
Per capita income rose for 10 consecutive years until 2007 in purchasing power parity terms, but fell in 2008-09. Debt-driven consumer spending drove robust growth in the first half of the decade, fueling a large balance of payments deficit that posed a challenge for policymakers. Inflationary pressures caused the central bank to raise its key rate steadily from January 2004 until it was among the highest in the OECD in 2007 and 2008. The higher rate attracted international capital inflows, which strengthened the currency and housing market while aggravating the current account deficit. Rising house prices, especially in Auckland, have become a political issue in recent years, as well as a policy challenge in 2016 and 2017, as the ability to afford housing has declined for many.
Expanding New Zealand’s network of free trade agreements remains a top foreign policy priority. New Zealand was an early promoter of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and was the second country to ratify the agreement in May 2017. Following the United States’ withdrawal from the TPP in January 2017, on 10 November 2017 the remaining 11 countries agreed on the core elements of a modified agreement, which they renamed the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). In November 2016, New Zealand opened negotiations to upgrade its FTA with China; China is one of New Zealand’s most important trading partners.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$210.877 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$205.112 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$198.913 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.22% (2019 est.)" @@ -625,6 +640,21 @@ "text": "3.8% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$42,888 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$42,370 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$41,493 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$205.202 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.6% (2019 est.)" @@ -647,44 +677,6 @@ "text": "AA (2011)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$210.877 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$205.112 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$198.913 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$205.202 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$42,888 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$42,370 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$41,493 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "21.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "21% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "20.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "5.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -716,20 +708,6 @@ "text": "-26.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "86.8 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "100 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "84.6 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "71.5 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, beef, kiwi fruit, apples, potatoes, mutton, grapes, wheat, barley, green onions/shallots" }, @@ -785,9 +763,6 @@ "text": "70.97 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "36.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -799,6 +774,9 @@ "text": "33.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "36.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March", "note": "note: this is the fiscal year for tax purposes" @@ -1105,6 +1083,9 @@ "text": "New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF): New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2020)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1116,9 +1097,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.2% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.2% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/pc.json b/australia-oceania/pc.json index 3ff7fd6d..738df4cf 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/pc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/pc.json @@ -106,9 +106,32 @@ "Religions": { "text": "Seventh Day Adventist 100%" }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "15-24 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "25-54 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "55-64 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0% (2014 est.)" }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Population distribution": { "text": "less than 50 inhabitants on Pitcairn Island, most reside near the village of Adamstown" }, @@ -148,6 +171,12 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "NA" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -167,6 +196,9 @@ "vectorborne diseases": { "text": "malaria" } + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ps.json b/australia-oceania/ps.json index a452d53a..15dd704f 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ps.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ps.json @@ -224,6 +224,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.7 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -296,6 +299,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "55.3% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -593,25 +599,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy is dominated by tourism, fishing, and subsistence agriculture. Government is a major employer of the work force relying on financial assistance from the US under the Compact of Free Association (Compact) with the US that took effect after the end of the UN trusteeship on 1 October 1994. The US provided Palau with roughly $700 million in aid for the first 15 years following commencement of the Compact in 1994 in return for unrestricted access to its land and waterways for strategic purposes. The population enjoys a per capita income roughly double that of the Philippines and much of Micronesia.
Business and leisure tourist arrivals reached a record 167,966 in 2015, a 14.4% increase over the previous year, but fell to 138,408 in 2016. Long-run prospects for tourism have been bolstered by the expansion of air travel in the Pacific, the rising prosperity of industrial East Asia, and the willingness of foreigners to finance infrastructure development. Proximity to Guam, the region's major destination for tourists from East Asia, and a regionally competitive tourist infrastructure enhance Palau's advantage as a destination.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-3.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "0% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "10.1% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-1% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$316 million (2019 est.)" @@ -624,8 +611,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$292 million (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "-3.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "0% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "10.1% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -639,12 +634,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "12.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$292 million (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "50.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "-1% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -678,20 +676,6 @@ "text": "-67.6% (2016 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "53.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "82.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "61 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "52.2 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "coconuts, cassava (manioc, tapioca), sweet potatoes; fish, pigs, chickens, eggs, bananas, papaya, breadfruit, calamansi, soursop, Polynesian chestnuts, Polynesian almonds, mangoes, taro, guava, beans, cucumbers, squash/pumpkins (various), eggplant, green onions, kangkong (watercress), cabbages (various), radishes, betel nuts, melons, peppers, noni, okra" }, @@ -742,9 +726,6 @@ "text": "167.3 million (2012 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "66.1% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "8.8% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" }, @@ -756,6 +737,9 @@ "text": "21.6% of GDP (2015)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "66.1% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/rm.json b/australia-oceania/rm.json index aade5e9a..d76785b2 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/rm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/rm.json @@ -230,6 +230,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.81 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 99.8% of population" @@ -613,6 +616,15 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "US assistance and lease payments for the use of Kwajalein Atoll as a US military base are the mainstay of this small island country. Agricultural production, primarily subsistence, is concentrated on small farms; the most important commercial crops are coconuts and breadfruit. Industry is limited to handicrafts, tuna processing, and copra. Tourism holds some potential. The islands and atolls have few natural resources, and imports exceed exports.
The Marshall Islands received roughly $1 billion in aid from the US during the period 1986-2001 under the original Compact of Free Association (Compact). In 2002 and 2003, the US and the Marshall Islands renegotiated the Compact's financial package for a 20-year period, 2004 to 2024. Under the amended Compact, the Marshall Islands will receive roughly $1.5 billion in direct US assistance. Under the amended Compact, the US and Marshall Islands are also jointly funding a Trust Fund for the people of the Marshall Islands that will provide an income stream beyond 2024, when direct Compact aid ends.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$227 million (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$219 million (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -624,26 +636,6 @@ "text": "2% (2015 est.)" } }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-1.5% (2016 est.)" - } - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$227 million (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$219 million (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$222 million (2017 est.)" - }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2018": { "text": "$3,889 (2018 est.)" @@ -653,12 +645,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "17.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$222 million (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "0% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "18.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "-1.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -689,20 +684,6 @@ "text": "-102.3% (2016 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "50.9 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "88.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "78.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "55.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "coconuts" }, @@ -753,9 +734,6 @@ "text": "113.9 million (2013 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "52.6% (of GDP) (2013 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.3% (of GDP) (2013 est.)" }, @@ -767,6 +745,9 @@ "text": "30% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "52.6% (of GDP) (2013 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/tl.json b/australia-oceania/tl.json index bdff761e..160feb73 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tl.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tl.json @@ -116,9 +116,29 @@ "Religions": { "text": "Congregational Christian Church 50.4%, Roman Catholic 38.7%, Presbyterian 5.9%, other Christian 4.2%, unspecified 0.8% (2016 est.)" }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "15-24 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "25-54 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "55-64 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.01% (2019 est.)" }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-3.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)" }, @@ -161,6 +181,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "NA (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: rural": { "text": "rural: 100% of population" @@ -175,6 +198,9 @@ "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Physicians density": { "text": "2.72 physicians/1,000 population (2010)" }, @@ -212,6 +238,9 @@ "text": "malaria" } }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" } @@ -388,30 +417,14 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The principal sources of revenue are from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand.
The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $15 million annually in FY12/13 and FY13/14 - to maintain public services. New Zealand's support amounts to 80% of Tokelau's recurrent government budget. An international trust fund, currently worth nearly $32 million, was established in 2004 by New Zealand to provide Tokelau an independent source of revenue.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "text": "NA
" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { - "text": "4% (2020 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.5% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "11% (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: Tokelau notes that its wide inflation swings are due almost entirely due to cigarette prices, a chief import." - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { "text": "$7,711,583 (2017 est.)" }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars." }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$12.658 million (2017 est.)", - "note": "note: data uses New Zealand Dollar (NZD) as the currency of exchange." + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "text": "NA
" }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2017": { @@ -425,6 +438,22 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars." }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$12.658 million (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data uses New Zealand Dollar (NZD) as the currency of exchange." + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { + "text": "4% (2020 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "2.5% (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "11% (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: Tokelau notes that its wide inflation swings are due almost entirely due to cigarette prices, a chief import." + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "NA" diff --git a/australia-oceania/tn.json b/australia-oceania/tn.json index 12e5924e..6a5ea87d 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tn.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tn.json @@ -605,25 +605,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Tonga has a small, open island economy and is the last constitutional monarchy among the Pacific Island countries. It has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, vanilla beans, and yams are the main crops. Agricultural exports, including fish, make up two-thirds of total exports. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. Tonga had 53,800 visitors in 2015. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand.
The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from overseas Tongans to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, encouraging investment, and is committing increased funds for health care and education. Tonga's English-speaking and educated workforce offers a viable labor market, and the tropical climate provides fertile soil. Renewable energy and deep-sea mining also offer opportunities for investment.
Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well developed social services. But the government faces high unemployment among the young, moderate inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.2% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.5% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "7.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "2.6% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$667 million (2019 est.)" @@ -636,8 +617,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$455 million (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "4.2% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "3.5% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -651,6 +640,17 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$455 million (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "7.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "2.6% (2016 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "19.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -682,20 +682,6 @@ "text": "-68.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "61.4 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "90.9 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "72.6 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "57.3 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "coconuts, gourds, cassava, sweet potatoes, vegetables, yams, taro, roots/tubers nes, plantains, lemons/limes" }, @@ -751,9 +737,6 @@ "text": "181.2 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "0% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -765,6 +748,9 @@ "text": "51.8% of GDP (FY2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "39.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/tv.json b/australia-oceania/tv.json index efdf1031..eae249de 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tv.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tv.json @@ -223,6 +223,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.86 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -281,6 +284,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "51.6% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -523,25 +529,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Tuvalu consists of a densely populated, scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. Only eight of the atolls are inhabited. It is one of the smallest countries in the world, with its highest point at 4.6 meters above sea level. The country is isolated, almost entirely dependent on imports, particularly of food and fuel, and vulnerable to climate change and rising sea levels, which pose significant challenges to development.
The public sector dominates economic activity. Tuvalu has few natural resources, except for its fisheries. Earnings from fish exports and fishing licenses for Tuvalu’s territorial waters are a significant source of government revenue. In 2013, revenue from fishing licenses doubled and totaled more than 45% of GDP.
Official aid from foreign development partners has also increased. Tuvalu has substantial assets abroad. The Tuvalu Trust Fund, an international trust fund established in 1987 by development partners, has grown to $104 million (A$141 million) in 2014 and is an important cushion for meeting shortfalls in the government's budget. While remittances are another substantial source of income, the value of remittances has declined since the 2008-09 global financial crisis, but has stabilized at nearly $4 million per year. The financial impact of climate change and the cost of climate related adaptation projects is one of many concerns for the nation.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "9.1% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "4.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "3.5% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$49 million (2019 est.)" @@ -554,8 +541,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$40 million (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "3.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "3% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "9.1% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -569,6 +564,17 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$40 million (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "4.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "3.5% (2016 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "24.5% (2012 est.)" @@ -637,10 +643,6 @@ }, "note": "note: revenue data include Official Development Assistance from Australia" }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "106.7% (of GDP) (2013 est.)", - "note": "note: revenue data include Official Development Assistance from Australia" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "25.6% (of GDP) (2013 est.)" }, @@ -652,6 +654,10 @@ "text": "47.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "106.7% (of GDP) (2013 est.)", + "note": "note: revenue data include Official Development Assistance from Australia" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/um.json b/australia-oceania/um.json index a8dfaf52..504d6e01 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/um.json +++ b/australia-oceania/um.json @@ -72,6 +72,35 @@ "Population": { "text": "no indigenous inhabitants", "note": "note: public entry is only by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service and generally restricted to scientists and educators; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service\r\nThe economy is limited to traditional subsistence agriculture, with about 80% of labor force earnings coming from agriculture (coconuts and vegetables), livestock (mostly pigs), and fishing. However, roughly 70% of the labor force is employed in the public sector, although only about a third of the population is in salaried employment.
Revenues come from French Government subsidies, licensing of fishing rights to Japan and South Korea, import taxes, and remittances from expatriate workers in New Caledonia. France directly finances the public sector and health-care and education services. It also provides funding for key development projects in a range of areas, including infrastructure, economic development, environmental management, and health-care facilities.
A key concern for Wallis and Futuna is an aging population with consequent economic development issues. Very few people aged 18-30 live on the islands due to the limited formal employment opportunities. Improving job creation is a current priority for the territorial government.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2004": { + "text": "$60 million (2004 est.)" + } + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "text": "NA
" }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2004": { + "text": "$3,800 (2004 est.)" + } + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$195 million (2005) (2005)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015": { "text": "0.9% (2015)" @@ -452,19 +474,6 @@ "text": "2.8% (2005)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2004": { - "text": "$60 million (2004 est.)" - } - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$195 million (2005) (2005)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2004": { - "text": "$3,800 (2004 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "NA" @@ -534,9 +543,6 @@ "text": "34.18 million NA (2015 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.7% (of GDP) NA (2015 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.8% (of GDP) NA (2015 est.)" }, @@ -546,6 +552,9 @@ }, "note": "note: offical data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "16.7% (of GDP) NA (2015 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/wq.json b/australia-oceania/wq.json index 52c24f55..322ccb30 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/wq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/wq.json @@ -83,6 +83,38 @@ "Population": { "text": "no indigenous inhabitants (2018 est.)", "note": "note: approximately 100 military personnel and civilian contractors maintain and operate the airfield and communications facilities" + }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "15-24 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "25-54 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "55-64 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json index 3372a024..39e01df0 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json @@ -232,6 +232,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.83 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 98.1% of population" @@ -252,6 +255,9 @@ "text": "total: 1.9% of population (2015 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 97.7% of population" @@ -281,6 +287,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.5% of GDP (2016)" }, @@ -440,10 +449,10 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers elected by the Legislature (Staten)" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch for a 6-year term; prime minister and deputy prime minister indirectly elected by the Staten for 4-year term; election last held on 22 September 2017 (next to be held by September 2021)Tourism, petroleum bunkering, hospitality, and financial and business services are the mainstays of the small open Aruban economy.
Tourism accounts for a majority of economic activity; as of 2017, over 2 million tourists visited Aruba annually, with the large majority (80-85%) of those from the US. The rapid growth of the tourism sector has resulted in a substantial expansion of other activities. Construction continues to boom, especially in the hospitality sector.
Aruba is heavily dependent on imports and is making efforts to expand exports to improve its trade balance. Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, with the US, the Netherlands, and Panama being the major suppliers.
In 2016, Citgo Petroleum Corporation, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Petroleos de Venezuela SA, and the Government of Aruba signed an agreement to restart Valero Energy Corp.'s former 235,000-b/d refinery. Tourism and related industries have continued to grow, and the Aruban Government is working to attract more diverse industries. Aruba's banking sector continues to be a strong sector; unemployment has significantly decreased.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$4.05 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016": { + "text": "$4.107 billion (2016 est.)" + } + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -516,6 +533,17 @@ "text": "-0.4% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$38,442 (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2016": { + "text": "$37,300 (2016 est.)" + } + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2.7 billion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "-0.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -532,36 +560,6 @@ "text": "BBB+ (2013)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$4.05 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016": { - "text": "$4.107 billion (2016 est.)" - } - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.7 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$38,442 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2016": { - "text": "$37,300 (2016 est.)" - } - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "14.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "17.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "15.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.4% (2002 est.)" @@ -642,9 +640,6 @@ "text": "755.5 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "25.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -656,6 +651,9 @@ "text": "84.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "25.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json index b2d382fa..b0459ec0 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json @@ -239,6 +239,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.96 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 96.7% of population" @@ -276,6 +279,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "18.9% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -545,25 +551,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Tourism continues to dominate Antigua and Barbuda's economy, accounting for nearly 60% of GDP and 40% of investment. The dual-island nation's agricultural production is focused on the domestic market and constrained by a limited water supply and a labor shortage stemming from the lure of higher wages in tourism and construction. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic components.
Like other countries in the region, Antigua's economy was severely hit by effects of the global economic recession in 2009. The country suffered from the collapse of its largest private sector employer, a steep decline in tourism, a rise in debt, and a sharp economic contraction between 2009 and 2011. Antigua has not yet returned to its pre-crisis growth levels. Barbuda suffered significant damages after hurricanes Irma and Maria passed through the Caribbean in 2017.
Prospects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to depend on tourist arrivals from the US, Canada, and Europe and could be disrupted by potential damage from natural disasters. The new government, elected in 2014 and led by Prime Minister Gaston Browne, continues to face significant fiscal challenges. The government places some hope in a new Citizenship by Investment Program, to both reduce public debt levels and spur growth, and a resolution of a WTO dispute with the US.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "5.3% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "4.1% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-0.5% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$2.127 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -576,8 +563,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.524 billion (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "2.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "5.3% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "4.1% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -591,15 +586,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "19.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1.524 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "17.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "24.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "-0.5% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -633,20 +628,6 @@ "text": "-66.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "60.3 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "82.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "68.7 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "68.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "tropical fruit, milk, mangoes/guavas, melons, tomatoes, pineapples, lemons, limes, eggplants, onions" }, @@ -694,9 +675,6 @@ "text": "334 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "19.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -708,6 +686,9 @@ "text": "86.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "19.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json index e0e3937d..861f8900 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json @@ -221,6 +221,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.72 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 97.5% of population" @@ -235,6 +238,9 @@ "text": "total: 2.5% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 99.1% of population" @@ -258,6 +264,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" } @@ -426,19 +435,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Anguilla has few natural resources, is unsuited for agriculture, and the economy depends heavily on luxury tourism, offshore banking, lobster fishing, and remittances from emigrants. Increased activity in the tourism industry has spurred the growth of the construction sector contributing to economic growth. Anguillan officials have put substantial effort into developing the offshore financial sector, which is small but growing. In the medium term, prospects for the economy will depend largely on the recovery of the tourism sector and, therefore, on revived income growth in the industrialized nations as well as on favorable weather conditions." }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2009": { - "text": "-8.5% (2009 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-0.6% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2009": { "text": "$175.4 million (2009 est.)" @@ -450,14 +446,27 @@ "text": "$108.9 million (2004 est.)" } }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$175.4 million (2009 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2009": { + "text": "-8.5% (2009 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2008": { "text": "$12,200 (2008 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$175.4 million (2009 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "-0.6% (2016 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "3% (2017 est.)" @@ -551,9 +560,6 @@ "text": "80.32 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "46.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "0.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -565,6 +571,9 @@ "text": "20.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "46.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json index 73bb76ca..9e427495 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json @@ -579,6 +579,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Barbados is the wealthiest and one of the most developed countries in the Eastern Caribbean and enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the region. Historically, the Barbadian economy was dependent on sugarcane cultivation and related activities. However, in recent years the economy has diversified into light industry and tourism. Offshore finance and information services are important foreign exchange earners, boosted by being in the same time zone as eastern US financial centers and by a relatively highly educated workforce. Following the 2008-09 recession, external vulnerabilities such as fluctuations in international oil prices have hurt economic growth, raised Barbados' already high public debt to GDP ratio - which stood at 105% of GDP in 2016 - and cut into its international reserves." }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$4.488 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$4.493 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$4.519 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "-0.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -590,6 +602,21 @@ "text": "2.2% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$15,639 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$15,675 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$15,789 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$4.99 billion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "4.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -606,44 +633,6 @@ "text": "B- (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$4.488 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$4.493 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$4.519 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.99 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$15,639 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$15,675 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$15,789 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "7.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "11.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "10.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -675,20 +664,6 @@ "text": "-47% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "57.9 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "86.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "62.8 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "38.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, poultry, vegetables, milk, eggs, pork, coconuts, pulses nes, sweet potatoes, tropical fruit" }, @@ -739,9 +714,6 @@ "text": "1.664 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -753,6 +725,9 @@ "text": "149.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "29.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, @@ -1002,20 +977,20 @@ "text": "Royal Barbados Defense Force: The Barbados Regiment, The Barbados Coast Guard (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2019": { + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2019)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2018": { + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2018)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { "text": "0.9% of GDP (2017)" }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.9% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2015)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2014": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2014)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2013": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2013)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json index 38afedec..f91af015 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json @@ -273,6 +273,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "31.6% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -542,6 +545,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The Bahamas has the second highest per capita GDP in the English-speaking Caribbean with an economy heavily dependent on tourism and financial services. Tourism accounts for approximately 50% of GDP and directly or indirectly employs half of the archipelago's labor force. Financial services constitute the second-most important sector of the Bahamian economy, accounting for about 15% of GDP. Manufacturing and agriculture combined contribute less than 7% of GDP and show little growth, despite government incentives aimed at those sectors. The new government led by Prime Minister Hubert MINNIS has prioritized addressing fiscal imbalances and rising debt, which stood at 75% of GDP in 2016. Large capital projects like the Baha Mar Casino and Hotel are driving growth. Public debt increased in 2017 in large part due to hurricane reconstruction and relief financing. The primary fiscal balance was a deficit of 0.4% of GDP in 2016. The Bahamas is the only country in the Western Hemisphere that is not a member of the World Trade Organization." }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$14.45 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$14.276 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$13.856 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -553,6 +568,21 @@ "text": "1% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$37,101 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$37,020 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$36,297 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$12.16 billion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -569,44 +599,6 @@ "text": "BB- (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$14.45 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$14.276 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$13.856 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$12.16 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$37,101 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$37,020 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$36,297 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "29% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "18% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "19.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -638,20 +630,6 @@ "text": "-41.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "59.9 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "87 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "53.1 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "59.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, grapefruit, vegetables, bananas, tomatoes, poultry, tropical fruit, oranges, coconuts, mangoes/guavas" }, @@ -705,9 +683,6 @@ "text": "2.46 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -719,6 +694,9 @@ "text": "50.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "17.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json index 5aa8364e..2ab9143c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json @@ -605,6 +605,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Tourism is the number one foreign exchange earner in this small economy, followed by exports of sugar, bananas, citrus, marine products, and crude oil.
The government's expansionary monetary and fiscal policies, initiated in September 1998, led to GDP growth averaging nearly 4% in 1999-2007, but GPD growth has averaged only 2.1% from 2007-2016, with 2.5% growth estimated for 2017. Belize’s dependence on energy imports makes it susceptible to energy price shocks.
Although Belize has the third highest per capita income in Central America, the average income figure masks a huge income disparity between rich and poor, and a key government objective remains reducing poverty and inequality with the help of international donors. High unemployment, a growing trade deficit and heavy foreign debt burden continue to be major concerns. Belize faces continued pressure from rising sovereign debt, and a growing trade imbalance.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$2.734 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$2.726 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$2.671 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "0.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -616,6 +628,21 @@ "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$7,005 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$7,118 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$7,109 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1.854 billion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "1.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -632,44 +659,6 @@ "text": "CCC+ (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$2.734 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$2.726 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$2.671 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.854 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$7,005 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$7,118 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$7,109 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "10.1% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "8.5% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "10.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "10.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -701,20 +690,6 @@ "text": "-63.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "55.5 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "72 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "68.2 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "50.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar care, oranges, bananas, maize, poultry, rice, sorghum, papayas, grapefruit, soybeans" }, @@ -766,9 +741,6 @@ "text": "572 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -780,6 +752,9 @@ "text": "95.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "29.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, @@ -1071,6 +1046,9 @@ "text": "Belize Defense Force (BDF): Army, Air Wing; Belize Coast Guard (independent from the BDF, but under the Ministry of Defense) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.2% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1082,9 +1060,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.2% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json index 83b853b3..548af322 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json @@ -77,6 +77,38 @@ "Population": { "text": "uninhabited; transient Haitian fishermen and others camp on the island" }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "15-24 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "25-54 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "55-64 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" } diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json index 69002977..f47f97c5 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json @@ -222,6 +222,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.83 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 97.4% of population" @@ -236,6 +239,9 @@ "text": "total: 2.6% of population (2015 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 95.6% of population" @@ -259,6 +265,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -478,6 +487,17 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "With no direct taxation, the islands are a thriving offshore financial center. More than 65,000 companies were registered in the Cayman Islands as of 2017, including more than 280 banks, 700 insurers, and 10,500 mutual funds. A stock exchange was opened in 1997. Nearly 90% of the islands' food and consumer goods must be imported. The Caymanians enjoy a standard of living comparable to that of Switzerland.
Tourism is also a mainstay, accounting for about 70% of GDP and 75% of foreign currency earnings. The tourist industry is aimed at the luxury market and caters mainly to visitors from North America. Total tourist arrivals exceeded 2.1 million in 2016, with more than three-quarters from the US.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$4.591 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$4.409 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": { + "text": "$2.507 billion (2014 est.)" + } + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { "text": "1.7% (2014 est.)" @@ -489,6 +509,20 @@ "text": "1.6% (2012 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$71,549 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$69,573 (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2004": { + "text": "$43,800 (2004 est.)" + } + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2.25 billion (2008 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "2% (2017 est.)" @@ -502,31 +536,6 @@ "text": "Aa3 (1997)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$4.591 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$4.409 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": { - "text": "$2.507 billion (2014 est.)" - } - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.25 billion (2008 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$71,549 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$69,573 (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2004": { - "text": "$43,800 (2004 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -609,12 +618,12 @@ "text": "766.6 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "38.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "4.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "38.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json index 4bfa02a8..307d8305 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json @@ -644,30 +644,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The government continues to balance the need for loosening its socialist economic system against a desire for firm political control. In April 2011, the government held the first Cuban Communist Party Congress in almost 13 years, during which leaders approved a plan for wide-ranging economic changes. Since then, the government has slowly and incrementally implemented limited economic reforms, including allowing Cubans to buy electronic appliances and cell phones, stay in hotels, and buy and sell used cars. The government has cut state sector jobs as part of the reform process, and it has opened up some retail services to \"self-employment,\" leading to the rise of so-called \"cuentapropistas\" or entrepreneurs. More than 500,000 Cuban workers are currently registered as self-employed.
The Cuban regime has updated its economic model to include permitting the private ownership and sale of real estate and new vehicles, allowing private farmers to sell agricultural goods directly to hotels, allowing the creation of non-agricultural cooperatives, adopting a new foreign investment law, and launching a \"Special Development Zone\" around the Mariel port.
Since 2016, Cuba has attributed slowed economic growth in part to problems with petroleum product deliveries from Venezuela. Since late 2000, Venezuela provided petroleum products to Cuba on preferential terms, supplying at times nearly 100,000 barrels per day. Cuba paid for the oil, in part, with the services of Cuban personnel in Venezuela, including some 30,000 medical professionals.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "0.5% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "4.4% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "5.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "4.5% (2016 est.)" - } - }, - "Credit ratings": { - "Moody's rating": { - "text": "Caa2 (2014)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { "text": "$137 billion (2017 est.)" @@ -680,9 +656,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2016 US dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$93.79 billion (2017 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in Cuban Pesos at 1 CUP = 1 US$; official exchange rate" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "0.5% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "4.4% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2016": { @@ -696,15 +679,21 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2016 US dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "11.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$93.79 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in Cuban Pesos at 1 CUP = 1 US$; official exchange rate" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "5.5% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "12.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "12.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "4.5% (2016 est.)" + } + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Caa2 (2014)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -790,9 +779,6 @@ "text": "64.64 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "58.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-10.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -804,6 +790,9 @@ "text": "42.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "58.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1109,16 +1098,16 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "2.9% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "2.9% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "2.9% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "2.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { - "text": "3.1% of GDP (2016)" + "text": "3.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "3.1% of GDP (2015)" + "text": "3.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2014": { "text": "3.5% of GDP (2014)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json index 7a0d29e1..370d55cd 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json @@ -220,6 +220,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.02 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 95.7% of population" @@ -249,6 +252,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "27.9% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.6% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -499,25 +505,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The Dominican economy was dependent on agriculture - primarily bananas - in years past, but increasingly has been driven by tourism, as the government seeks to promote Dominica as an \"ecotourism\" destination. However, Hurricane Maria, which passed through the island in September 2017, destroyed much of the country’s agricultural sector and caused damage to all of the country’s transportation and physical infrastructure. Before Hurricane Maria, the government had attempted to foster an offshore financial industry and planned to sign agreements with the private sector to develop geothermal energy resources. At a time when government finances are fragile, the government’s focus has been to get the country back in shape to service cruise ships. The economy contracted in 2015 and recovered to positive growth in 2016 due to a recovery of agriculture and tourism. Dominica suffers from high debt levels, which increased from 67% of GDP in 2010 to 77% in 2016. Dominica is one of five countries in the East Caribbean that have citizenship by investment programs whereby foreigners can obtain passports for a fee and revenue from this contribute to government budgets." }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-4.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.6% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-3.7% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$855 million (2019 est.)" @@ -530,8 +517,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$557 million (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "-4.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "2.6% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "-3.7% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -545,15 +540,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "10.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$557 million (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "0.6% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "20% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "14.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "0% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -587,20 +582,6 @@ "text": "-62.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "60.5 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "89.3 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "74.3 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "57.5 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "bananas, yams, grapefruit, taro, milk, coconuts, oranges, yautia, plantains, sugar cane", "note": "note: forest and fishery potential not exploited" @@ -649,9 +630,6 @@ "text": "260.4 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "40.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-5.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -663,6 +641,9 @@ "text": "71.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "40.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json index 59d27ac9..7b3c9d37 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json @@ -656,6 +656,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The Dominican Republic was for most of its history primarily an exporter of sugar, coffee, and tobacco, but over the last three decades the economy has become more diversified as the service sector has overtaken agriculture as the economy's largest employer, due to growth in construction, tourism, and free trade zones. The mining sector has also played a greater role in the export market since late 2012 with the commencement of the extraction phase of the Pueblo Viejo Gold and Silver mine, one of the largest gold mines in the world.
For the last 20 years, the Dominican Republic has been one of the fastest growing economies in Latin America. The economy rebounded from the global recession in 2010-16, and the fiscal situation is improving. A tax reform package passed in November 2012, a reduction in government spending, and lower energy costs helped to narrow the central government budget deficit from 6.6% of GDP in 2012 to 2.6% in 2016, and public debt is declining. Marked income inequality, high unemployment, and underemployment remain important long-term challenges; the poorest half of the population receives less than one-fifth of GDP, while the richest 10% enjoys nearly 40% of GDP.
The economy is highly dependent upon the US, the destination for approximately half of exports and the source of 40% of imports. Remittances from the US amount to about 7% of GDP, equivalent to about a third of exports and two-thirds of tourism receipts. The Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement came into force in March 2007, boosting investment and manufacturing exports.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$197.735 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$188.225 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$175.94 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "4.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -667,6 +679,21 @@ "text": "7% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$18,413 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$17,712 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$16,735 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$88.956 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.8% (2019 est.)" @@ -689,44 +716,6 @@ "text": "BB- (2015)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$197.735 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$188.225 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$175.94 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$88.956 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$18,413 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$17,712 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$16,735 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "23.8% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "23.5% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "22% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "5.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -758,20 +747,6 @@ "text": "-28.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "60 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "85.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "83.5 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "50.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, bananas, papayas, rice, plantains, milk, avocados, fruit, pineapples, coconuts" }, @@ -830,9 +805,6 @@ "text": "13.62 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "14.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -844,6 +816,9 @@ "text": "34.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "14.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1150,6 +1125,9 @@ "note": "note: in addition to the military, the Ministry of Armed Forces directs the Airport Security Authority and Civil Aviation, Port Security Authority, and Border Security Corps" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1161,9 +1139,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.7% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json index b4d486bc..5d222391 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json @@ -652,6 +652,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The smallest country in Central America geographically, El Salvador has the fourth largest economy in the region. With the global recession, real GDP contracted in 2009 and economic growth has since remained low, averaging less than 2% from 2010 to 2014, but recovered somewhat in 2015-17 with an average annual growth rate of 2.4%. Remittances accounted for approximately 18% of GDP in 2017 and were received by about a third of all households.
In 2006, El Salvador was the first country to ratify the Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement, which has bolstered the export of processed foods, sugar, and ethanol, and supported investment in the apparel sector amid increased Asian competition. In September 2015, El Salvador kicked off a five-year $277 million second compact with the Millennium Challenge Corporation - a US Government agency aimed at stimulating economic growth and reducing poverty - to improve El Salvador's competitiveness and productivity in international markets.
The Salvadoran Government maintained fiscal discipline during reconstruction and rebuilding following earthquakes in 2001 and hurricanes in 1998 and 2005, but El Salvador's public debt, estimated at 59.3% of GDP in 2017, has been growing over the last several years.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$56.636 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$55.318 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$54.005 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -663,6 +675,21 @@ "text": "2.4% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$8,776 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$8,616 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$8,454 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$27.023 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0% (2019 est.)" @@ -685,44 +712,6 @@ "text": "B- (2018)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$56.636 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$55.318 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$54.005 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$27.023 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$8,776 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$8,616 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$8,454 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "17% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "15.6% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "15% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "12% (2017 est.)" @@ -754,20 +743,6 @@ "text": "-44.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "65.3 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "78.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "89.8 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "51.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, maize, milk, poultry, sorghum, beans, coconuts, eggs, apples, oranges" }, @@ -827,9 +802,6 @@ "text": "6.517 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -842,6 +814,9 @@ }, "note": "note: El Salvador's total public debt includes non-financial public sector debt, financial public sector debt, and central bank debt" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "23.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1138,6 +1113,9 @@ "text": "the Armed Force of El Salvador (La Fuerza Armada de El Salvador, FAES): Army of El Salvador (Ejercito de El Salvador, ES), Navy of El Salvador (Fuerza Naval de El Salvador, FNES), Salvadoran Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Salvadorena, FAS); Ministry of Justice and Public Security: National Civil Police (Policia Nacional Civil, PNC) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.2% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1149,9 +1127,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json index 14f3b50a..5769a5a0 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json @@ -234,6 +234,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.95 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 96.8% of population" @@ -271,6 +274,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "21.3% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.2% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -555,30 +561,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Grenada relies on tourism and revenue generated by St. George’s University - a private university offering degrees in medicine, veterinary medicine, public health, the health sciences, nursing, arts and sciences, and business - as its main source of foreign exchange. In the past two years the country expanded its sources of revenue, including from selling passports under its citizenship by investment program. These projects produced a resurgence in the construction and manufacturing sectors of the economy.
In 2017, Grenada experienced its fifth consecutive year of growth and the government successfully marked the completion of its five-year structural adjustment program that included among other things austerity measures, increased tax revenue and debt restructuring. Public debt-to-GDP was reduced from 100% of GDP in 2013 to 71.8% in 2017.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.7% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "6.4% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "1.7% (2016 est.)" - } - }, - "Credit ratings": { - "Standard & Poors rating": { - "text": "SD (2013)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$1.908 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -591,8 +573,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.119 billion (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "5.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "3.7% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "6.4% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -606,15 +596,20 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "11.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1.119 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "17% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "13.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "1.7% (2016 est.)" + } + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "SD (2013)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -648,20 +643,6 @@ "text": "-55% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "53.4 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "88 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "61.5 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "59.3 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "bananas, watermelons, sweet potatoes, sugar cane, tomatoes, plantains, coconuts, melons, cucumbers, cabbages" }, @@ -712,9 +693,6 @@ "text": "252.3 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "25.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -726,6 +704,9 @@ "text": "82% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "25.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json index 6581d0c7..d3671370 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json @@ -653,6 +653,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Guatemala is the most populous country in Central America with a GDP per capita roughly half the average for Latin America and the Caribbean. The agricultural sector accounts for 13.5% of GDP and 31% of the labor force; key agricultural exports include sugar, coffee, bananas, and vegetables. Guatemala is the top remittance recipient in Central America as a result of Guatemala's large expatriate community in the US. These inflows are a primary source of foreign income, equivalent to two-thirds of the country's exports and about a tenth of its GDP.
The 1996 peace accords, which ended 36 years of civil war, removed a major obstacle to foreign investment, and Guatemala has since pursued important reforms and macroeconomic stabilization. The Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) entered into force in July 2006, spurring increased investment and diversification of exports, with the largest increases in ethanol and non-traditional agricultural exports. While CAFTA-DR has helped improve the investment climate, concerns over security, the lack of skilled workers, and poor infrastructure continue to hamper foreign direct investment.
The distribution of income remains highly unequal with the richest 20% of the population accounting for more than 51% of Guatemala's overall consumption. More than half of the population is below the national poverty line, and 23% of the population lives in extreme poverty. Poverty among indigenous groups, which make up more than 40% of the population, averages 79%, with 40% of the indigenous population living in extreme poverty. Nearly one-half of Guatemala's children under age five are chronically malnourished, one of the highest malnutrition rates in the world.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$143.416 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$138.106 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$133.804 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "2.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -664,6 +676,21 @@ "text": "4.1% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$8,637 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$8,448 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$8,317 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$76.678 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "3.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -686,44 +713,6 @@ "text": "BB- (2017)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$143.416 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$138.106 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$133.804 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$76.678 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$8,637 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$8,448 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$8,317 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "16.9% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "14.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "14.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "13.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -755,20 +744,6 @@ "text": "-26.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "62.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "86.8 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "77.2 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "34.5 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, bananas, oil palm fruit, maize, melons, potatoes, milk, plantains, pineapples, rubber" }, @@ -827,9 +802,6 @@ "text": "9.156 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "10.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -841,6 +813,9 @@ "text": "24.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "10.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1153,6 +1128,9 @@ "text": "Army of Guatemala (Ejercito de Guatemala): Land Forces (Fuerzas de Tierra), Naval Forces (Fuerza de Mar), and Air Force (Fuerza de Aire); Ministry of Interior: National Civil Police (Policia Nacional Civil; includes paramilitary units) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.5% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.4% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1164,9 +1142,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.4% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.4% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json index 0f03d62d..4895bb97 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json @@ -656,6 +656,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Honduras, the second poorest country in Central America, suffers from extraordinarily unequal distribution of income, as well as high underemployment. While historically dependent on the export of bananas and coffee, Honduras has diversified its export base to include apparel and automobile wire harnessing.
Honduras’s economy depends heavily on US trade and remittances. The US-Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement came into force in 2006 and has helped foster foreign direct investment, but physical and political insecurity, as well as crime and perceptions of corruption, may deter potential investors; about 15% of foreign direct investment is from US firms.
The economy registered modest economic growth of 3.1%-4.0% from 2010 to 2017, insufficient to improve living standards for the nearly 65% of the population in poverty. In 2017, Honduras faced rising public debt, but its economy has performed better than expected due to low oil prices and improved investor confidence. Honduras signed a three-year standby arrangement with the IMF in December 2014, aimed at easing Honduras’s poor fiscal position.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$55.825 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$54.382 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$52.444 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "4.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -667,6 +679,21 @@ "text": "3.8% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$5,728 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$5,672 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$5,562 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$25.145 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "4.3% (2019 est.)" @@ -686,44 +713,6 @@ "text": "BB- (2017)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$55.825 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$54.382 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$52.444 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$25.145 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$5,728 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$5,672 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$5,562 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "22% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "20.5% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "23.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "14.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -755,22 +744,8 @@ "text": "-58.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "56.3 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "71.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "64.3 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "44.2 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { - "text": "sugar cane, oil palm fruit, milk, bananas, maize, coffee, melons, oranges, poultry, beans" + "text": "sugarcane, oil palm fruit, milk, bananas, maize, coffee, melons, oranges, poultry, beans" }, "Industries": { "text": "sugar processing, coffee, woven and knit apparel, wood products, cigars" @@ -828,9 +803,6 @@ "text": "5.283 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -842,6 +814,9 @@ "text": "38.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "20.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1147,6 +1122,9 @@ "note": "note - the PMOP reports to military authorities, but conducts operations sanctioned by civilian security officials as well as by military leaders" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.6% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1158,9 +1136,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.7% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.7% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json index af5f20ca..1d91aeff 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json @@ -248,6 +248,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.06 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 98.5% of population" @@ -611,6 +614,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The Jamaican economy is heavily dependent on services, which accounts for more than 70% of GDP. The country derives most of its foreign exchange from tourism, remittances, and bauxite/alumina. Earnings from remittances and tourism each account for 14% and 20% of GDP, while bauxite/alumina exports have declined to less than 5% of GDP.
Jamaica's economy has grown on average less than 1% a year for the last three decades and many impediments remain to growth: a bloated public sector which crowds out spending on important projects; high crime and corruption; red-tape; and a high debt-to-GDP ratio. Jamaica, however, has made steady progress in reducing its debt-to-GDP ratio from a high of almost 150% in 2012 to less than 110% in 2017, in close collaboration with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The current IMF Stand-By Agreement requires Jamaica to produce an annual primary surplus of 7%, in an attempt to reduce its debt burden below 60% by 2025.
Economic growth reached 1.6% in 2016, but declined to 0.9% in 2017 after intense rainfall, demonstrating the vulnerability of the economy to weather-related events. The HOLNESS administration therefore faces the difficult prospect of maintaining fiscal discipline to reduce the debt load while simultaneously implementing growth inducing policies and attacking a serious crime problem. High unemployment exacerbates the crime problem, including gang violence fueled by advanced fee fraud (lottery scamming) and the drug trade.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$28.779 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$28.579 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$28.035 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -622,6 +637,21 @@ "text": "0.9% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$9,762 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$9,738 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$9,598 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$15.847 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "3.9% (2019 est.)" @@ -644,44 +674,6 @@ "text": "B+ (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$28.779 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$28.579 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$28.035 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$15.847 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$9,762 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$9,738 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$9,598 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "22% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "21.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "18% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "7% (2017 est.)" @@ -713,20 +705,6 @@ "text": "-47.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "69.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "97.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "61.5 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "53.7 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, goat milk, yams, poultry, coconuts, oranges, bananas, gourds, plantains, grapefruit" }, @@ -785,9 +763,6 @@ "text": "4.314 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -799,6 +774,9 @@ "text": "113.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "29.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, @@ -1079,6 +1057,9 @@ "note": "note - both the JDF and JCF are under the Ministry of National Security" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.6% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1090,9 +1071,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.9% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json index ec1ceb8a..7c84c5f9 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json @@ -215,6 +215,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.31 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 99% of population" @@ -235,6 +238,9 @@ "text": "total: 1% of population (2015 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -244,6 +250,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "8.8% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -414,6 +423,17 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Severe volcanic activity, which began in July 1995, has put a damper on this small, open economy. A catastrophic eruption in June 1997 closed the airport and seaports, causing further economic and social dislocation. Two-thirds of the 12,000 inhabitants fled the island. Some began to return in 1998 but lack of housing limited the number. The agriculture sector continued to be affected by the lack of suitable land for farming and the destruction of crops.
Prospects for the economy depend largely on developments in relation to the volcanic activity and on public sector construction activity. Half of the island remains uninhabitable. In January 2013, the EU announced the disbursement of a $55.2 million aid package to Montserrat in order to boost the country's economic recovery, with a specific focus on public finance management, public sector reform, and prudent economic management. Montserrat is tied to the EU through the UK. Although the UK is leaving the EU, Montserrat’s aid will not be affected as Montserrat maintains a direct agreement with the EU regarding aid.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2011": { + "text": "$167.4 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2010": { + "text": "$155.9 billion (2010 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2009": { + "text": "$162.7 billion (2009 est.)" + } + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2011": { "text": "7.4% (2011 est.)" @@ -422,6 +442,20 @@ "text": "-4.2% (2010 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2011": { + "text": "$34,000 (2011 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2010": { + "text": "$31,100 (2010 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2009": { + "text": "$32,300 (2009 est.)" + } + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$167.4 million (2011 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -435,31 +469,6 @@ "text": "BBB- (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2011": { - "text": "$167.4 billion (2011 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2010": { - "text": "$155.9 billion (2010 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2009": { - "text": "$162.7 billion (2009 est.)" - } - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$167.4 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2011": { - "text": "$34,000 (2011 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2010": { - "text": "$31,100 (2010 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2009": { - "text": "$32,300 (2009 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json index 16fd39d4..70983f2c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json @@ -191,6 +191,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 95.1% of population" @@ -199,6 +202,9 @@ "text": "total: 4.9% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 98.8% of population" @@ -216,6 +222,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -387,25 +396,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy of Sint Maarten centers around tourism with nearly four-fifths of the labor force engaged in this sector. Nearly 1.8 million visitors came to the island by cruise ship and roughly 500,000 visitors arrived through Princess Juliana International Airport in 2013. Cruise ships and yachts also call on Sint Maarten's numerous ports and harbors. Limited agriculture and local fishing means that almost all food must be imported. Energy resources and manufactured goods are also imported. Sint Maarten had the highest per capita income among the five islands that formerly comprised the Netherlands Antilles." }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "3.6% (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { - "text": "4.1% (2013 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2012": { - "text": "1.9% (2012 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2012": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2009": { - "text": "0.7% (2009 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { "text": "$1.436 billion (2018 est.)" @@ -418,8 +408,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2014 US dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$304.1 million (2014 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { + "text": "3.6% (2014 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { + "text": "4.1% (2013 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2012": { + "text": "1.9% (2012 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2018": { @@ -433,12 +431,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "44.6% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$304.1 million (2014 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2012": { + "text": "4% (2012 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "25.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2009": { + "text": "0.7% (2009 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json index 8e12a838..a840ab20 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json @@ -635,6 +635,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Nicaragua, the poorest country in Central America and the second poorest in the Western Hemisphere, has widespread underemployment and poverty. GDP growth of 4.5% in 2017 was insufficient to make a significant difference. Textiles and agriculture combined account for nearly 50% of Nicaragua's exports. Beef, coffee, and gold are Nicaragua’s top three export commodities.
The Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement has been in effect since April 2006 and has expanded export opportunities for many Nicaraguan agricultural and manufactured goods.
In 2013, the government granted a 50-year concession with the option for an additional 50 years to a newly formed Chinese-run company to finance and build an inter-oceanic canal and related projects, at an estimated cost of $50 billion. The canal construction has not started.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$35.392 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$36.82 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$38.334 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "4.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -646,6 +658,21 @@ "text": "4.8% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$5,407 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$5,695 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$6,004 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$12.57 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "5.3% (2019 est.)" @@ -668,44 +695,6 @@ "text": "B- (2018)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$35.392 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$36.82 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$38.334 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$12.57 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$5,407 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$5,695 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$6,004 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "22.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "21.9% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "22.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "15.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -737,20 +726,6 @@ "text": "-55.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "54.4 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "79.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "77 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "58.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, milk, rice, maize, plantains, groundnuts, cassava, beans, coffee, poultry" }, @@ -810,9 +785,6 @@ "text": "4.15 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -825,6 +797,9 @@ }, "note": "note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; Nicaragua rebased its GDP figures in 2012, which reduced the figures for debt as a percentage of GDP" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "28% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1116,6 +1091,9 @@ "text": "Army of Nicaragua (Ejercito de Nicaragua, EN): Land Forces (Fuerza Terrestre); Naval Forces (Fuerza Naval); Air Forces (Fuerza Aérea); Special Operations Command (Comando de Operaciones Especiales) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1127,9 +1105,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.5% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.8% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json index 471515f1..d2339f09 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json @@ -172,12 +172,21 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.8 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" } @@ -325,14 +334,14 @@ "text": "$561.5 million (2005 est.)" } }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$561.5 million (2005 est.)" - }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2005": { "text": "$19,300 (2005 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$561.5 million (2005 est.)" + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1% (2000)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json index 78221c20..1b73d381 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json @@ -243,6 +243,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.23 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 97% of population" @@ -251,6 +254,9 @@ "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Physicians density": { "text": "3.06 physicians/1,000 population (2018)" }, @@ -271,6 +277,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.1% of GDP (2014)" }, @@ -519,6 +528,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Puerto Rico had one of the most dynamic economies in the Caribbean region until 2006; however, growth has been negative for each of the last 11 years. The downturn coincided with the phaseout of tax preferences that had led US firms to invest heavily in the Commonwealth since the 1950s, and a steep rise in the price of oil, which generates most of the island's electricity.
Diminished job opportunities prompted a sharp rise in outmigration, as many Puerto Ricans sought jobs on the US mainland. Unemployment reached 16% in 2011, but declined to 11.5% in December 2017. US minimum wage laws apply in Puerto Rico, hampering job expansion. Per capita income is about two-thirds that of the US mainland.
The industrial sector greatly exceeds agriculture as the locus of economic activity and income. Tourism has traditionally been an important source of income with estimated arrivals of more than 3.6 million tourists in 2008. Puerto Rico's merchandise trade surplus is exceptionally strong, with exports nearly 50% greater than imports, and its current account surplus about 10% of GDP.
Closing the budget deficit while restoring economic growth and employment remain the central concerns of the government. The gap between revenues and expenditures amounted to 0.6% of GDP in 2016, although analysts believe that not all expenditures have been accounted for in the budget and a better accounting of costs would yield an overall deficit of roughly 5% of GDP. Public debt remained steady at 92.5% of GDP in 2017, about $17,000 per person, or nearly three times the per capita debt of the State of Connecticut, the highest in the US. Much of that debt was issued by state-run schools and public corporations, including water and electric utilities. In June 2015, Governor Alejandro GARCIA Padilla announced that the island could not pay back at least $73 billion in debt and that it would seek a deal with its creditors.
Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico square on in September 2017, causing electrical power outages to 90% of the territory, as well as extensive loss of housing and infrastructure and contamination of potable water. Despite massive efforts, more than 40% of the territory remained without electricity as of yearend 2017. As a result of the destruction, many Puerto Ricans have emigrated to the US mainland.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$110.238 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$108.944 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$114.269 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "-2.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -530,6 +551,21 @@ "text": "-1% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$34,518 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$34,116 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$34,364 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$104.2 billion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -543,33 +579,6 @@ "text": "D (2015)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$110.238 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$108.944 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$114.269 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$104.2 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$34,518 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$34,116 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$34,364 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -601,20 +610,6 @@ "text": "-129.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "70.1 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "91.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "81.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "61.8 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, plantains, bananas, poultry, tomatoes, mangoes/guavas, eggs, oranges, gourds, papayas" }, @@ -665,9 +660,6 @@ "text": "9.974 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "8.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -679,6 +671,9 @@ "text": "50.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "8.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json index e90bb6c8..d5281d0c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json @@ -223,6 +223,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.77 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 98.3% of population" @@ -284,6 +287,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "22.9% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.6% of GDP (2015)" }, @@ -540,25 +546,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy of Saint Kitts and Nevis depends on tourism; since the 1970s, tourism has replaced sugar as the economy’s traditional mainstay. Roughly 200,000 tourists visited the islands in 2009, but reduced tourism arrivals and foreign investment led to an economic contraction in the 2009-2013 period, and the economy returned to growth only in 2014. Like other tourist destinations in the Caribbean, Saint Kitts and Nevis is vulnerable to damage from natural disasters and shifts in tourism demand.
Following the 2005 harvest, the government closed the sugar industry after several decades of losses. To compensate for lost jobs, the government has embarked on a program to diversify the agricultural sector and to stimulate other sectors of the economy, such as export-oriented manufacturing and offshore banking. The government has made notable progress in reducing its public debt, from 154% of GDP in 2011 to 83% in 2013, although it still faces one of the highest levels in the world, largely attributable to public enterprise losses. Saint Kitts and Nevis is among other countries in the Caribbean that supplement their economic activity through economic citizenship programs, whereby foreigners can obtain citizenship from Saint Kitts and Nevis by investing there.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "2.9% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.7% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-0.3% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$1.396 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -571,8 +558,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$964 million (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "2.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "2.9% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "2.7% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -586,15 +581,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "19.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$964 million (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "0% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "19.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "15.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "-0.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -628,20 +623,6 @@ "text": "-60.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "54.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "85.9 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "81 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "65.5 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "coconuts, tropical fruit, roots/tubers nes, vegetables, sweet potatoes, pulses nes, watermelons, carrots/turnips, eggs, tomatoes" }, @@ -678,9 +659,6 @@ "text": "291.1 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "31.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -692,6 +670,9 @@ "text": "61.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "31.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json index 871e4d81..1cbb1f3a 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json @@ -166,9 +166,18 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.64 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" } diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json index 43e60287..be389d5f 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json @@ -578,6 +578,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Trinidad and Tobago relies on its energy sector for much of its economic activity, and has one of the highest per capita incomes in Latin America. Economic growth between 2000 and 2007 averaged slightly over 8% per year, significantly above the regional average of about 3.7% for that same period; however, GDP has slowed down since then, contracting during 2009-12, making small gains in 2013 and contracting again in 2014-17. Trinidad and Tobago is buffered by considerable foreign reserves and a sovereign wealth fund that equals about one-and-a-half times the national budget, but the country is still in a recession and the government faces the dual challenge of gas shortages and a low price environment. Large-scale energy projects in the last quarter of 2017 are helping to mitigate the gas shortages.
Energy production and downstream industrial use dominate the economy. Oil and gas typically account for about 40% of GDP and 80% of exports but less than 5% of employment. Trinidad and Tobago is home to one of the largest natural gas liquefaction facilities in the Western Hemisphere. The country produces about nine times more natural gas than crude oil on an energy equivalent basis with gas contributing about two-thirds of energy sector government revenue. The US is the country’s largest trading partner, accounting for 28% of its total imports and 48% of its exports.
Economic diversification is a longstanding government talking point, and Trinidad and Tobago has much potential due to its stable, democratic government and its educated, English speaking workforce. The country is also a regional financial center with a well-regulated and stable financial system. Other sectors the Government of Trinidad and Tobago has targeted for increased investment and projected growth include tourism, agriculture, information and communications technology, and shipping. Unfortunately, a host of other factors, including low labor productivity, inefficient government bureaucracy, and corruption, have hampered economic development.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$36.514 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$36.515 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$36.605 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "-2.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -589,6 +601,21 @@ "text": "1.7% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$26,176 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$26,273 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$26,448 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$24.031 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -605,44 +632,6 @@ "text": "BBB- (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$36.514 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$36.515 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$36.605 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$24.031 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$26,176 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$26,273 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$26,448 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "26.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "16.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "29% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -674,20 +663,6 @@ "text": "-48.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "61.3 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "88.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "62.6 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "35.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "poultry, fruit, coconuts, citrus fruit, milk, plantains, maize, oranges, eggs, gourds" }, @@ -738,9 +713,6 @@ "text": "7.446 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "24.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-8.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -752,6 +724,9 @@ "text": "37% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "24.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, @@ -1026,6 +1001,9 @@ "text": "Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (TTDF): Army/Land Forces (Trinidad and Tobago Regiment), Coast Guard, Air Guard, Defense Force Reserves (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1037,9 +1015,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.4% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.2% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json index 3b57cf0c..bfc53c86 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json @@ -217,6 +217,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.7 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 94.3% of population" @@ -225,6 +228,9 @@ "text": "total: 5.7% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 88% of population" @@ -242,6 +248,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.9% of GDP (2018)" }, @@ -442,25 +451,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The Turks and Caicos economy is based on tourism, offshore financial services, and fishing. Most capital goods and food for domestic consumption are imported. The US is the leading source of tourists, accounting for more than three-quarters of the more than 1 million visitors that arrive annually. Three-quarters of the visitors come by ship. Major sources of government revenue also include fees from offshore financial activities and customs receipts." }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { - "text": "5.3% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "4.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.4% (2016 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0.7% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$1.117 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -472,8 +462,16 @@ "text": "$1.004 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.02 billion (2018 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { + "text": "5.3% (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "4.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "4.4% (2016 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -486,6 +484,17 @@ "text": "$27,061 (2017 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1.02 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "0.7% (2016 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.5% (2017 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json index a271bf6f..c17c8d15 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json @@ -221,6 +221,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.99 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -229,6 +232,9 @@ "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -246,6 +252,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.9% of GDP (2013)" }, @@ -478,25 +487,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Most of Curacao's GDP results from services. Tourism, petroleum refining and bunkering, offshore finance, and transportation and communications are the mainstays of this small island economy, which is closely tied to the outside world. Curacao has limited natural resources, poor soil, and inadequate water supplies, and budgetary problems complicate reform of the health and education systems. Although GDP grew only slightly during the past decade, Curacao enjoys a high per capita income and a well-developed infrastructure compared to other countries in the region.
Curacao has an excellent natural harbor that can accommodate large oil tankers, and the port of Willemstad hosts a free trade zone and a dry dock. Venezuelan state-owned oil company PdVSA, under a contract in effect until 2019, leases the single refinery on the island from the government, directly employing some 1,000 people. Most of the oil for the refinery is imported from Venezuela and most of the refined products are exported to the US and Asia. Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, with the US, the Netherlands, and Venezuela being the major suppliers.
The government is attempting to diversify its industry and trade. Curacao is an Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT) of the European Union. Nationals of Curacao are citizens of the European Union, even though it is not a member. Based on its OCT status, products that originate in Curacao have preferential access to the EU and are exempt from import duties. Curacao is a beneficiary of the Caribbean Basin Initiative and, as a result, products originating in Curacao can be imported tax free into the US if at least 35% has been added to the value of these products in Curacao. The island has state-of-the-art information and communication technology connectivity with the rest of the world, including a Tier IV datacenter. With several direct satellite and submarine optic fiber cables, Curacao has one of the best Internet speeds and reliability in the Western Hemisphere.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2012": { - "text": "3.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2011": { - "text": "2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2010": { - "text": "0.1% (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2013": { - "text": "2.6% (2013 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2012": { - "text": "2.8% (2012 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$3.856 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -509,8 +499,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2012 US dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$5.6 billion (2012 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2012": { + "text": "3.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2011": { + "text": "2% (2011 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2010": { + "text": "0.1% (2010 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -523,6 +521,17 @@ "text": "$25,475 (2017 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$5.6 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2013": { + "text": "2.6% (2013 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2012": { + "text": "2.8% (2012 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.7% (2012 est.)" @@ -585,9 +594,6 @@ "text": "9.8% (2011 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.6% (of GDP) (2012 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.4% (of GDP) (2012 est.)" }, @@ -599,6 +605,9 @@ "text": "40.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "16.6% (of GDP) (2012 est.)" + }, "Current account balance": { "Current account balance 2011": { "text": "-$400 million (2011 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json index 951f5d0b..a543ca17 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json @@ -240,6 +240,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.75 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 95.1% of population" @@ -277,6 +280,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "23.7% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.7% of GDP (2018)" }, @@ -532,30 +538,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Success of the economy hinges upon seasonal variations in agriculture, tourism, and construction activity, as well as remittances. Much of the workforce is employed in banana production and tourism. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is home to a small offshore banking sector and continues to fully adopt international regulatory standards.
This lower-middle-income country remains vulnerable to natural and external shocks. The economy has shown some signs of recovery due to increased tourist arrivals, falling oil prices and renewed growth in the construction sector. The much anticipated international airport opened in early 2017 with hopes for increased airlift and tourism activity. The government's ability to invest in social programs and respond to external shocks is constrained by its high public debt burden, which was 67% of GDP at the end of 2013.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "0.8% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.8% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-0.2% (2016 est.)" - } - }, - "Credit ratings": { - "Moody's rating": { - "text": "B3 (2014)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$1.38 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -568,8 +550,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$785 million (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "0.8% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "0.8% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -583,15 +573,20 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "12.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$785 million (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "10.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "10.4% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "-0.2% (2016 est.)" + } + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B3 (2014)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -625,20 +620,6 @@ "text": "-51.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "57.1 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "87 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "77.4 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "63.7 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "bananas, sugar cane, roots/tubers nes, plantains, vegetables, fruit, coconuts, sweet potatoes, yams, mangoes/guavas" }, @@ -686,9 +667,6 @@ "text": "230 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -700,6 +678,9 @@ "text": "82.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "28.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json index 10cae6c1..d0fcdd8b 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json @@ -218,6 +218,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.34 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -226,6 +229,9 @@ "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 97.5% of population" @@ -255,6 +261,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.5% of GDP (2018)" }, @@ -441,25 +450,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy, one of the most stable and prosperous in the Caribbean, is highly dependent on tourism, which generates an estimated 45% of the national income. More than 934,000 tourists, mainly from the US, visited the islands in 2008. Because of traditionally close links with the US Virgin Islands, the British Virgin Islands has used the US dollar as its currency since 1959.
Livestock raising is the most important agricultural activity; poor soils limit the islands' ability to meet domestic food requirements.
In the mid-1980s, the government began offering offshore registration to companies wishing to incorporate in the islands, and incorporation fees now generate substantial revenues. Roughly 400,000 companies were on the offshore registry by yearend 2000. The adoption of a comprehensive insurance law in late 1994, which provides a blanket of confidentiality with regulated statutory gateways for investigation of criminal offenses, made the British Virgin Islands even more attractive to international business.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1.9% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1.8% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "1.1% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { "text": "$500 million (2017 est.)" @@ -471,14 +461,33 @@ "text": "$481.1 million (2015 est.)" } }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.028 billion (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "1.9% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "1.8% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2017": { "text": "$34,200 (2017 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1.028 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "1.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "1.1% (2016 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -557,12 +566,12 @@ "text": "400 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "38.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "0% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "38.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json index 42dca5a6..7f8c8c08 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json @@ -232,6 +232,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.01 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 98.7% of population" @@ -240,6 +243,9 @@ "text": "total: 1.3% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -257,6 +263,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" } @@ -440,25 +449,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Tourism, trade, other services, and rum production are the primary economic activities of the US Virgin Islands (USVI), accounting for most of its GDP and employment. The USVI receives between 2.5 and 3 million tourists a year, mostly from visiting cruise ships. The islands are vulnerable to damage from storms, as evidenced by the destruction from two major hurricanes in 2017. Recovery and rebuilding have continued, but full recovery from these back-to-back hurricanes is years away. The USVI government estimates it will need $7.5 billion, almost twice the territory’s GDP, to rebuild the territory.
The agriculture sector is small and most food is imported. In 2016, government spending (both federal and territorial together) accounted for about 27% of GDP while exports of goods and services, including spending by tourists, accounted for nearly 47%. Federal programs and grants, including rum tax cover-over totaling $482.3 million in 2016, contributed 32.2% of the territory’s total revenues. The economy picked up 0.9% in 2016 and had appeared to be progressing before the 2017 hurricanes severely damaged the territory’s infrastructure and the economy.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "0.9% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.3% (2015 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "-1% (2014 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "1% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015": { - "text": "2.6% (2015 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016": { "text": "$3.872 billion (2016 est.)" @@ -471,8 +461,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2013 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$5.182 billion (2016 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "0.9% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "0.3% (2015 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { + "text": "-1% (2014 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2016": { @@ -485,6 +483,17 @@ "text": "$34,500 (2014 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$5.182 billion (2016 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "1% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015": { + "text": "2.6% (2015 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2% (2012 est.)" @@ -566,9 +575,6 @@ "text": "1.518 billion (2016 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.9% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.4% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" }, @@ -580,6 +586,9 @@ "text": "45.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "28.9% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, diff --git a/central-asia/kg.json b/central-asia/kg.json index 97f65d22..9fa65fee 100644 --- a/central-asia/kg.json +++ b/central-asia/kg.json @@ -111,7 +111,12 @@ "text": "Kyrgyz 73.5%, Uzbek 14.7%, Russian 5.5%, Dungan 1.1%, other 5.2% (includes Uyghur, Tajik, Turk, Kazakh, Tatar, Ukrainian, Korean, German) (2019 est.)" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Kyrgyz (official) 71.4%, Uzbek 14.4%, Russian (official) 9%, other 5.2% (2009 est.)" + "Languages": { + "text": "Kyrgyz (official) 71.4%, Uzbek 14.4%, Russian (official) 9%, other 5.2% (2009 est.)" + }, + "major-language sample(s)": { + "text": "Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked, mountainous, lower middle income country with an economy dominated by minerals extraction, agriculture, and reliance on remittances from citizens working abroad. Cotton, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products, although only cotton is exported in any quantity. Other exports include gold, mercury, uranium, natural gas, and - in some years - electricity. The country has sought to attract foreign investment to expand its export base, including construction of hydroelectric dams, but a difficult investment climate and an ongoing legal battle with a Canadian firm over the joint ownership structure of the nation’s largest gold mine deter potential investors. Remittances from Kyrgyz migrant workers, predominantly in Russia and Kazakhstan, are equivalent to more than one-quarter of Kyrgyzstan’s GDP.
Following independence, Kyrgyzstan rapidly implemented market reforms, such as improving the regulatory system and instituting land reform. In 1998, Kyrgyzstan was the first Commonwealth of Independent States country to be accepted into the World Trade Organization. The government has privatized much of its ownership shares in public enterprises. Despite these reforms, the country suffered a severe drop in production in the early 1990s and has again faced slow growth in recent years as the global financial crisis and declining oil prices have dampened economies across Central Asia. The Kyrgyz government remains dependent on foreign donor support to finance its annual budget deficit of approximately 3 to 5% of GDP.
Kyrgyz leaders hope the country’s August 2015 accession to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) will bolster trade and investment, but slowing economies in Russia and China and low commodity prices continue to hamper economic growth. Large-scale trade and investment pledged by Kyrgyz leaders has been slow to develop. Many Kyrgyz entrepreneurs and politicians complain that non-tariff measures imposed by other EAEU member states are hurting certain sectors of the Kyrgyz economy, such as meat and dairy production, in which they have comparative advantage. Since acceding to the EAEU, the Kyrgyz Republic has continued harmonizing its laws and regulations to meet EAEU standards, though many local entrepreneurs believe this process as disjointed and incomplete. Kyrgyzstan’s economic development continues to be hampered by corruption, lack of administrative transparency, lack of diversity in domestic industries, and difficulty attracting foreign aid and investment.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$33.918 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$32.455 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$31.28 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "4.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -624,6 +641,21 @@ "text": "3.9% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$5,253 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$5,133 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$5,047 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$8.442 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.1% (2019 est.)" @@ -643,44 +675,6 @@ "text": "NR (2016)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$33.918 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$32.455 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$31.28 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$8.442 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$5,253 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$5,133 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$5,047 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "19.5% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "26.6% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "26.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "14.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -712,20 +706,6 @@ "text": "-79% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "67.8 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "93 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "74.7 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "50.4 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, potatoes, sugar beet, maize, wheat, barley, tomatoes, watermelons, onions, carrots/turnips" }, @@ -784,9 +764,6 @@ "text": "2.409 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -798,6 +775,9 @@ "text": "55.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "28.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/central-asia/rs.json b/central-asia/rs.json index 2b27f206..f8e5d9da 100644 --- a/central-asia/rs.json +++ b/central-asia/rs.json @@ -333,6 +333,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "23.1% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.7% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -672,6 +675,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Russia has undergone significant changes since the collapse of the Soviet Union, moving from a centrally planned economy towards a more market-based system. Both economic growth and reform have stalled in recent years, however, and Russia remains a predominantly statist economy with a high concentration of wealth in officials' hands. Economic reforms in the 1990s privatized most industry, with notable exceptions in the energy, transportation, banking, and defense-related sectors. The protection of property rights is still weak, and the state continues to interfere in the free operation of the private sector.
Russia is one of the world's leading producers of oil and natural gas, and is also a top exporter of metals such as steel and primary aluminum. Russia is heavily dependent on the movement of world commodity prices as reliance on commodity exports makes it vulnerable to boom and bust cycles that follow the volatile swings in global prices. The economy, which had averaged 7% growth during the 1998-2008 period as oil prices rose rapidly, has seen diminishing growth rates since then due to the exhaustion of Russia’s commodity-based growth model.
A combination of falling oil prices, international sanctions, and structural limitations pushed Russia into a deep recession in 2015, with GDP falling by close to 2.8%. The downturn continued through 2016, with GDP contracting another 0.2%, but was reversed in 2017 as world demand picked up. Government support for import substitution has increased recently in an effort to diversify the economy away from extractive industries.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$3,968,180,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$3,915,637,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$3,818,780,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "1.34% (2019 est.)" @@ -683,6 +698,21 @@ "text": "1.83% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$27,044 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$26,668 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$26,006 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1,702,361,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "4.4% (2019 est.)" @@ -705,44 +735,6 @@ "text": "BBB- (2018)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$3,968,180,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$3,915,637,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$3,818,780,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1,702,361,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$27,044 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$26,668 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$26,006 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "27.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "30% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "25.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "4.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -774,20 +766,6 @@ "text": "-20.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "78.2 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "93.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "71.8 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "72.2 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "wheat, sugar beet, milk, potatoes, barley, sunflower seed, maize, poultry, oats, soybeans" }, @@ -846,9 +824,6 @@ "text": "281.4 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -861,6 +836,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "16.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/central-asia/ti.json b/central-asia/ti.json index 6c3b1792..672a1201 100644 --- a/central-asia/ti.json +++ b/central-asia/ti.json @@ -628,6 +628,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Tajikistan is a poor, mountainous country with an economy dominated by minerals extraction, metals processing, agriculture, and reliance on remittances from citizens working abroad. Mineral resources include silver, gold, uranium, antimony, tungsten, and coal. Industry consists mainly of small obsolete factories in food processing and light industry, substantial hydropower facilities, and a large aluminum plant - currently operating well below its capacity. The 1992-97 civil war severely damaged an already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Today, Tajikistan is the poorest among the former Soviet republics. Because less than 7% of the land area is arable and cotton is the predominant crop, Tajikistan imports approximately 70% of its food.
Since the end of the civil war, the country has pursued half-hearted reforms and privatizations in the economic sphere, but its poor business climate remains a hindrance to attracting foreign investment. Some experts estimate the value of narcotics transiting Tajikistan is equivalent to 30%-50% of GDP.
Because of a lack of employment opportunities in Tajikistan, more than one million Tajik citizens work abroad - roughly 90% in Russia - supporting families back home through remittances that in 2017 were equivalent to nearly 35% of GDP. Tajikistan’s large remittances from migrant workers in Russia exposes it to monetary shocks. Tajikistan often delays devaluation of its currency for fear of inflationary pressures on food and other consumables. Recent slowdowns in the Russian and Chinese economies, low commodity prices, and currency fluctuations have hampered economic growth. The dollar value of remittances from Russia to Tajikistan dropped by almost 65% in 2015, and the government spent almost $500 million in 2016 to bail out the country’s still troubled banking sector.
Tajikistan’s growing public debt – currently about 50% of GDP – could result in financial difficulties. Remittances from Russia increased in 2017, however, bolstering the economy somewhat. China owns about 50% of Tajikistan’s outstanding debt. Tajikistan has borrowed heavily to finance investment in the country’s vast hydropower potential. In 2016, Tajikistan contracted with the Italian firm Salini Impregilo to build the Roghun dam over a 13-year period for $3.9 billion. A 2017 Eurobond has largely funded Roghun’s first phase, after which sales from Roghun’s output are expected to fund the rest of its construction. The government has not ruled out issuing another Eurobond to generate auxiliary funding for its second phase.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$31.502 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$29.438 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$27.435 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "7.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -639,6 +651,21 @@ "text": "6% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$3,380 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$3,235 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$3,090 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2.522 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "7.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -658,44 +685,6 @@ "text": "B- (2017)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$31.502 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$29.438 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$27.435 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.522 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$3,380 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$3,235 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$3,090 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "24.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "15.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "11.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "28.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -727,20 +716,6 @@ "text": "-36.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "61.3 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "93.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "60.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "60.7 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, potatoes, wheat, watermelons, onions, tomatoes, vegetables, cotton, carrots/turnips, beef" }, @@ -800,9 +775,6 @@ "text": "2.374 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "31.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -814,6 +786,9 @@ "text": "42% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "31.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/central-asia/tx.json b/central-asia/tx.json index 916f888b..2f59244b 100644 --- a/central-asia/tx.json +++ b/central-asia/tx.json @@ -607,6 +607,15 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Turkmenistan is largely a desert country with intensive agriculture in irrigated oases and significant natural gas and oil resources. The two largest crops are cotton, most of which is produced for export, and wheat, which is domestically consumed. Although agriculture accounts for almost 8% of GDP, it continues to employ nearly half of the country's workforce. Hydrocarbon exports, the bulk of which is natural gas going to China, make up 25% of Turkmenistan’s GDP. Ashgabat has explored two initiatives to bring gas to new markets: a trans-Caspian pipeline that would carry gas to Europe and the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India gas pipeline. Both face major financing, political, and security hurdles and are unlikely to be completed soon.
Turkmenistan’s autocratic governments under presidents NIYAZOW (1991-2006) and BERDIMUHAMEDOW (since 2007) have made little progress improving the business climate, privatizing state-owned industries, combatting corruption, and limiting economic development outside the energy sector. High energy prices in the mid-2000s allowed the government to undertake extensive development and social spending, including providing heavy utility subsidies.
Low energy prices since mid-2014 are hampering Turkmenistan’s economic growth and reducing government revenues. The government has cut subsidies in several areas, and wage arrears have increased. In January 2014, the Central Bank of Turkmenistan devalued the manat by 19%, and downward pressure on the currency continues. There is a widening spread between the official exchange rate (3.5 TMM per US dollar) and the black market exchange rate (approximately 14 TMM per US dollar). Currency depreciation and conversion restrictions, corruption, isolationist policies, and declining spending on public services have resulted in a stagnate economy that is nearing crisis. Turkmenistan claims substantial foreign currency reserves, but non-transparent data limit international institutions’ ability to verify this information.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$86.858 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$81.787 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "6.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -618,26 +627,6 @@ "text": "6.5% (2015 est.)" } }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "3.6% (2016 est.)" - } - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$86.858 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$81.787 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$40.819 billion (2018 est.)" - }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2018": { "text": "$14,845 (2018 est.)" @@ -647,15 +636,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "23.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$40.819 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "8% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "24.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "18.9% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "3.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -744,9 +733,6 @@ "text": "6.714 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "14.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -758,6 +744,9 @@ "text": "24.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "14.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/central-asia/uz.json b/central-asia/uz.json index 560e7bff..69f24788 100644 --- a/central-asia/uz.json +++ b/central-asia/uz.json @@ -241,6 +241,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.73 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -603,6 +606,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in which 51% of the population lives in urban settlements; the agriculture-rich Fergana Valley, in which Uzbekistan’s eastern borders are situated, has been counted among the most densely populated parts of Central Asia. Since its independence in September 1991, the government has largely maintained its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production, prices, and access to foreign currency. Despite ongoing efforts to diversify crops, Uzbek agriculture remains largely centered on cotton; Uzbekistan is the world's fifth-largest cotton exporter and seventh-largest producer. Uzbekistan's growth has been driven primarily by state-led investments, and export of natural gas, gold, and cotton provides a significant share of foreign exchange earnings.
Recently, lower global commodity prices and economic slowdowns in neighboring Russia and China have hurt Uzbekistan's trade and investment and worsened its foreign currency shortage. Aware of the need to improve the investment climate, the government is taking incremental steps to reform the business sector and address impediments to foreign investment in the country. Since the death of first President Islam KARIMOV and election of President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV, emphasis on such initiatives and government efforts to improve the private sector have increased. In the past, Uzbek authorities accused US and other foreign companies operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbek laws and have frozen and seized their assets.
As a part of its economic reform efforts, the Uzbek Government is looking to expand opportunities for small and medium enterprises and prioritizes increasing foreign direct investment. In September 2017, the government devalued the official currency rate by almost 50% and announced the loosening of currency restrictions to eliminate the currency black market, increase access to hard currency, and boost investment.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$235.021 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$222.634 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$211.134 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "5.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -614,6 +629,21 @@ "text": "7.9% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$6,999 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$6,755 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$6,519 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$57.789 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "12.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -634,44 +664,6 @@ "text": "BB- (2018)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$235.021 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$222.634 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$211.134 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$57.789 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$6,999 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$6,755 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$6,519 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "40.1% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "41.3% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "36.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "17.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -703,20 +695,6 @@ "text": "-20% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "69.9 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "96.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "58.2 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "71.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, wheat, potatoes, carrots/turnips, cotton, tomatoes, vegetables, grapes, onions, watermelons" }, @@ -776,9 +754,6 @@ "text": "15.08 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "31.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -790,6 +765,9 @@ "text": "10.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "31.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json index 070c17bc..b05cff64 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json @@ -674,28 +674,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Since Burma began the transition to a civilian-led government in 2011, the country initiated economic reforms aimed at attracting foreign investment and reintegrating into the global economy. Burma established a managed float of the Burmese kyat in 2012, granted the Central Bank operational independence in July 2013, enacted a new anti-corruption law in September 2013, and granted licenses to 13 foreign banks in 2014-16. State Counsellor AUNG SAN SUU KYI and the ruling National League for Democracy, who took power in March 2016, have sought to improve Burma’s investment climate following the US sanctions lift in October 2016 and reinstatement of Generalized System of Preferences trade benefits in November 2016. In October 2016, Burma passed a foreign investment law that consolidates investment regulations and eases rules on foreign ownership of businesses.
Burma’s economic growth rate recovered from a low growth under 6% in 2011 but has been volatile between 6% and 8% between 2014 and 2018. Burma’s abundant natural resources and young labor force have the potential to attract foreign investment in the energy, garment, information technology, and food and beverage sectors. The government is focusing on accelerating agricultural productivity and land reforms, modernizing and opening the financial sector, and developing transportation and electricity infrastructure. The government has also taken steps to improve transparency in the mining and oil sectors through publication of reports under the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) in 2016 and 2018.
Despite these improvements, living standards have not improved for the majority of the people residing in rural areas. Burma remains one of the poorest countries in Asia – approximately 26% of the country’s 51 million people live in poverty. The isolationist policies and economic mismanagement of previous governments have left Burma with poor infrastructure, endemic corruption, underdeveloped human resources, and inadequate access to capital, which will require a major commitment to reverse. The Burmese Government has been slow to address impediments to economic development such as unclear land rights, a restrictive trade licensing system, an opaque revenue collection system, and an antiquated banking system.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "6.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "5.9% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "7% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "8.8% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "6.8% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "4.6% (2017 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$277.909 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -708,8 +686,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$76.606 billion (2019 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "6.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "5.9% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "7% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -723,15 +709,18 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "29.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$76.606 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "8.8% (2019 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "26.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "6.8% (2018 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "17.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "4.6% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -765,20 +754,6 @@ "text": "-28.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "46.8 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "89.3 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "47.7 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "26.4 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "rice, sugar cane, beans, vegetables, milk, maize, poultry, groundnuts, fruit, plantains" }, @@ -834,9 +809,6 @@ "text": "11.23 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "13.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -848,6 +820,9 @@ "text": "35.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "13.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, @@ -1165,6 +1140,9 @@ "note": "note: the Burmese military controls the People's Militia, Border Guard Forces, and the Ministry of Home Affairs" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "3% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "2.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -1176,9 +1154,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "3.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "4.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json index f83e6556..e1f8a91e 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json @@ -244,6 +244,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.75 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -273,6 +276,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "14.1% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.4% of GDP (2016)" }, @@ -572,25 +578,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Brunei is an energy-rich sultanate on the northern coast of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Brunei boasts a well-educated, largely English-speaking population; excellent infrastructure; and a stable government intent on attracting foreign investment. Crude oil and natural gas production account for approximately 65% of GDP and 95% of exports, with Japan as the primary export market.
Per capita GDP is among the highest in the world, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic hydrocarbon production. Bruneian citizens pay no personal income taxes, and the government provides free medical services and free education through the university level.
The Bruneian Government wants to diversify its economy away from hydrocarbon exports to other industries such as information and communications technology and halal manufacturing, permissible under Islamic law. Brunei’s trade increased in 2016 and 2017, following its regional economic integration in the ASEAN Economic Community, and the expected ratification of the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-2.5% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-0.4% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "-0.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-0.7% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$26.906 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -603,8 +590,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$12.13 billion (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "-2.5% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "-0.4% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -618,15 +613,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "53.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$12.13 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "-0.2% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "53.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "55.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "-0.7% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -660,20 +655,6 @@ "text": "-36.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "70.1 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "94.9 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "58.7 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "62.8 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "poultry, eggs, fruit, cassava, bananas, legumes, cucumbers, rice, pineapples, beef" }, @@ -724,9 +705,6 @@ "text": "4.345 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "18.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-17.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -738,6 +716,9 @@ "text": "3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "18.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, @@ -1016,6 +997,9 @@ "text": "Royal Brunei Armed Forces: Royal Brunei Land Force, Royal Brunei Navy, Royal Brunei Air Force (2020)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "3.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "3.3% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1027,9 +1011,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "3.5% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "3.3% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json index c2ba23e2..7efb3536 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json @@ -649,6 +649,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Cambodia has experienced strong economic growth over the last decade; GDP grew at an average annual rate of over 8% between 2000 and 2010 and about 7% since 2011. The tourism, garment, construction and real estate, and agriculture sectors accounted for the bulk of growth. Around 700,000 people, the majority of whom are women, are employed in the garment and footwear sector. An additional 500,000 Cambodians are employed in the tourism sector, and a further 200,000 people in construction. Tourism has continued to grow rapidly with foreign arrivals exceeding 2 million per year in 2007 and reaching 5.6 million visitors in 2017. Mining also is attracting some investor interest and the government has touted opportunities for mining bauxite, gold, iron and gems.
Still, Cambodia remains one of the poorest countries in Asia, and long-term economic development remains a daunting challenge, inhibited by corruption, limited human resources, high income inequality, and poor job prospects. According to the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the percentage of the population living in poverty decreased to 13.5% in 2016. More than 50% of the population is less than 25 years old. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the impoverished countryside, which also lacks basic infrastructure.
The World Bank in 2016 formally reclassified Cambodia as a lower middle-income country as a result of continued rapid economic growth over the past several years. Cambodia’s graduation from a low-income country will reduce its eligibility for foreign assistance and will challenge the government to seek new sources of financing. The Cambodian Government has been working with bilateral and multilateral donors, including the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank and IMF, to address the country's many pressing needs; more than 20% of the government budget will come from donor assistance in 2018. A major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance.
Textile exports, which accounted for 68% of total exports in 2017, have driven much of Cambodia’s growth over the past several years. The textile sector relies on exports to the United States and European Union, and Cambodia’s dependence on its comparative advantage in textile production is a key vulnerability for the economy, especially because Cambodia has continued to run a current account deficit above 9% of GDP since 2014.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$72.356 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$67.588 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$62.89 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "6.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -660,6 +672,21 @@ "text": "7% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$4,389 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$4,159 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$3,928 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$22.09 billion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "2.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -676,44 +703,6 @@ "text": "N/A (2014)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$72.356 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$67.588 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$62.89 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$22.09 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$4,389 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$4,159 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$3,928 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "27.2% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "25.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "23.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "25.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -745,20 +734,6 @@ "text": "-73% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "53.8 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "52.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "67.3 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "31.7 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "cassava, rice, maize, vegetables, sugar cane, soybeans, rubber, oil palm fruit, bananas, pork" }, @@ -818,9 +793,6 @@ "text": "4.354 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -832,6 +804,9 @@ "text": "29.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "17.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1138,6 +1113,9 @@ "text": "Royal Cambodian Armed Forces: High Command Headquarters, Royal Cambodian Army, Royal Khmer Navy, Royal Cambodian Air Force, Royal Gendarmerie; the National Committee for Maritime Security (performs Coast Guard functions and has representation from military and civilian agencies) (2020)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "2.5% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "2.3% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -1149,9 +1127,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "2% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.8% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json index 707de979..0b5950cd 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json @@ -661,6 +661,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Since the late 1970s, China has moved from a closed, centrally planned system to a more market-oriented one that plays a major global role. China has implemented reforms in a gradualist fashion, resulting in efficiency gains that have contributed to a more than tenfold increase in GDP since 1978. Reforms began with the phaseout of collectivized agriculture, and expanded to include the gradual liberalization of prices, fiscal decentralization, increased autonomy for state enterprises, growth of the private sector, development of stock markets and a modern banking system, and opening to foreign trade and investment. China continues to pursue an industrial policy, state support of key sectors, and a restrictive investment regime. From 2013 to 2017, China had one of the fastest growing economies in the world, averaging slightly more than 7% real growth per year. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, China in 2017 stood as the largest economy in the world, surpassing the US in 2014 for the first time in modern history. China became the world's largest exporter in 2010, and the largest trading nation in 2013. Still, China's per capita income is below the world average.
In July 2005 moved to an exchange rate system that references a basket of currencies. From mid-2005 to late 2008, the renminbi (RMB) appreciated more than 20% against the US dollar, but the exchange rate remained virtually pegged to the dollar from the onset of the global financial crisis until June 2010, when Beijing announced it would resume a gradual appreciation. From 2013 until early 2015, the renminbi held steady against the dollar, but it depreciated 13% from mid-2015 until end-2016 amid strong capital outflows; in 2017 the RMB resumed appreciating against the dollar – roughly 7% from end-of-2016 to end-of-2017. In 2015, the People’s Bank of China announced it would continue to carefully push for full convertibility of the renminbi, after the currency was accepted as part of the IMF’s special drawing rights basket. However, since late 2015 the Chinese Government has strengthened capital controls and oversight of overseas investments to better manage the exchange rate and maintain financial stability.
The Chinese Government faces numerous economic challenges including: (a) reducing its high domestic savings rate and correspondingly low domestic household consumption; (b) managing its high corporate debt burden to maintain financial stability; (c) controlling off-balance sheet local government debt used to finance infrastructure stimulus; (d) facilitating higher-wage job opportunities for the aspiring middle class, including rural migrants and college graduates, while maintaining competitiveness; (e) dampening speculative investment in the real estate sector without sharply slowing the economy; (f) reducing industrial overcapacity; and (g) raising productivity growth rates through the more efficient allocation of capital and state-support for innovation. Economic development has progressed further in coastal provinces than in the interior, and by 2016 more than 169.3 million migrant workers and their dependents had relocated to urban areas to find work. One consequence of China’s population control policy known as the \"one-child policy\" - which was relaxed in 2016 to permit all families to have two children - is that China is now one of the most rapidly aging countries in the world. Deterioration in the environment - notably air pollution, soil erosion, and the steady fall of the water table, especially in the North - is another long-term problem. China continues to lose arable land because of erosion and urbanization. The Chinese Government is seeking to add energy production capacity from sources other than coal and oil, focusing on natural gas, nuclear, and clean energy development. In 2016, China ratified the Paris Agreement, a multilateral agreement to combat climate change, and committed to peak its carbon dioxide emissions between 2025 and 2030.
The government's 13th Five-Year Plan, unveiled in March 2016, emphasizes the need to increase innovation and boost domestic consumption to make the economy less dependent on government investment, exports, and heavy industry. However, China has made more progress on subsidizing innovation than rebalancing the economy. Beijing has committed to giving the market a more decisive role in allocating resources, but the Chinese Government’s policies continue to favor state-owned enterprises and emphasize stability. Chinese leaders in 2010 pledged to double China’s GDP by 2020, and the 13th Five Year Plan includes annual economic growth targets of at least 6.5% through 2020 to achieve that goal. In recent years, China has renewed its support for state-owned enterprises in sectors considered important to \"economic security,\" explicitly looking to foster globally competitive industries. Chinese leaders also have undermined some market-oriented reforms by reaffirming the \"dominant\" role of the state in the economy, a stance that threatens to discourage private initiative and make the economy less efficient over time. The slight acceleration in economic growth in 2017—the first such uptick since 2010—gives Beijing more latitude to pursue its economic reforms, focusing on financial sector deleveraging and its Supply-Side Structural Reform agenda, first announced in late 2015.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$22,526,502,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$21,229,363,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$19,887,033,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "6.14% (2019 est.)" @@ -672,6 +684,22 @@ "text": "6.92% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$16,117 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$15,243 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$14,344 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$14,327,359,000,000 (2019 est.)", + "note": "note: because China's exchange rate is determined by fiat rather than by market forces, the official exchange rate measure of GDP is not an accurate measure of China's output; GDP at the official exchange rate substantially understates the actual level of China's output vis-a-vis the rest of the world; in China's situation, GDP at purchasing power parity provides the best measure for comparing output across countries" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.8% (2019 est.)" @@ -694,45 +722,6 @@ "text": "A+ (2017)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$22,526,502,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$21,229,363,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$19,887,033,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$14,327,359,000,000 (2019 est.)", - "note": "note: because China's exchange rate is determined by fiat rather than by market forces, the official exchange rate measure of GDP is not an accurate measure of China's output; GDP at the official exchange rate substantially understates the actual level of China's output vis-a-vis the rest of the world; in China's situation, GDP at purchasing power parity provides the best measure for comparing output across countries" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$16,117 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$15,243 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$14,344 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "44.2% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "44.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "45% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "7.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -764,20 +753,6 @@ "text": "-18.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "77.9 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "94.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "86.5 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "80.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "maize, rice, vegetables, wheat, sugar cane, potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes, watermelons, sweet potatoes" }, @@ -839,9 +814,6 @@ "text": "3.008 trillion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -854,6 +826,9 @@ }, "note": "note: official data; data cover both central and local government debt, including debt officially recognized by China's National Audit Office report in 2011; data exclude policy bank bonds, Ministry of Railway debt, and China Asset Management Company debt" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "21.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json index 9b08b08a..b7bfcd45 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json @@ -257,6 +257,9 @@ "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Physicians density": { "text": "2 physicians/1,000 population (2019)" }, @@ -286,6 +289,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.8% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -516,6 +522,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Hong Kong has a free market economy, highly dependent on international trade and finance - the value of goods and services trade, including the sizable share of reexports, is about four times GDP. Hong Kong has no tariffs on imported goods, and it levies excise duties on only four commodities, whether imported or produced locally: hard alcohol, tobacco, oil, and methyl alcohol. There are no quotas or dumping laws. Hong Kong continues to link its currency closely to the US dollar, maintaining an arrangement established in 1983.
Excess liquidity, low interest rates and a tight housing supply have caused Hong Kong property prices to rise rapidly. The lower and middle-income segments of the population increasingly find housing unaffordable.
Hong Kong's open economy has left it exposed to the global economic situation. Its continued reliance on foreign trade and investment makes it vulnerable to renewed global financial market volatility or a slowdown in the global economy.
Mainland China has long been Hong Kong's largest trading partner, accounting for about half of Hong Kong's total trade by value. Hong Kong's natural resources are limited, and food and raw materials must be imported. As a result of China's easing of travel restrictions, the number of mainland tourists to the territory surged from 4.5 million in 2001 to 47.3 million in 2014, outnumbering visitors from all other countries combined. After peaking in 2014, overall tourist arrivals dropped 2.5% in 2015 and 4.5% in 2016. The tourism sector rebounded in 2017, with visitor arrivals rising 3.2% to 58.47 million. Travelers from Mainland China totaled 44.45 million, accounting for 76% of the total.
The Hong Kong Government is promoting the Special Administrative Region (SAR) as the preferred business hub for renminbi (RMB) internationalization. Hong Kong residents are allowed to establish RMB-denominated savings accounts, RMB-denominated corporate and Chinese government bonds have been issued in Hong Kong, RMB trade settlement is allowed, and investment schemes such as the Renminbi Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (RQFII) Program was first launched in Hong Kong. Offshore RMB activities experienced a setback, however, after the People’s Bank of China changed the way it set the central parity rate in August 2015. RMB deposits in Hong Kong fell from 1.0 trillion RMB at the end of 2014 to 559 billion RMB at the end of 2017, while RMB trade settlement handled by banks in Hong Kong also shrank from 6.8 trillion RMB in 2015 to 3.9 trillion RMB in 2017.
Hong Kong has also established itself as the premier stock market for Chinese firms seeking to list abroad. In 2015, mainland Chinese companies constituted about 50% of the firms listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and accounted for about 66% of the exchange's market capitalization.
During the past decade, as Hong Kong's manufacturing industry moved to the mainland, its service industry has grown rapidly. In 2014, Hong Kong and China signed a new agreement on achieving basic liberalization of trade in services in Guangdong Province under the Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), adopted in 2003 to forge closer ties between Hong Kong and the mainland. The new measures, which took effect in March 2015, cover a negative list and a most-favored treatment provision. On the basis of the Guangdong Agreement, the Agreement on Trade in Services signed in November 2015 further enhanced liberalization, including extending the implementation of the majority of Guangdong pilot liberalization measures to the whole Mainland, reducing the restrictive measures in the negative list, and adding measures in the positive lists for cross-border services as well as cultural and telecommunications services. In June 2017, the Investment Agreement and the Agreement on Economic and Technical Cooperation (Ecotech Agreement) were signed under the framework of CEPA.
Hong Kong’s economic integration with the mainland continues to be most evident in the banking and finance sector. Initiatives like the Hong Kong-Shanghai Stock Connect, the Hong Kong- Shenzhen Stock Connect the Mutual Recognition of Funds, and the Bond Connect scheme are all important steps towards opening up the Mainland’s capital markets and have reinforced Hong Kong’s role as China’s leading offshore RMB market. Additional connect schemes such as ETF Connect (for exchange-traded fund products) are also under exploration by Hong Kong authorities. In 2017, Chief Executive Carrie LAM announced plans to increase government spending on research and development, education, and technological innovation with the aim of spurring continued economic growth through greater sector diversification.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$449.299 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$454.984 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$442.387 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "-1.25% (2019 est.)" @@ -527,6 +545,21 @@ "text": "3.8% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$59,848 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$61,064 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$59,849 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$365.753 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.8% (2019 est.)" @@ -549,44 +582,6 @@ "text": "AA+ (2017)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$449.299 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$454.984 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$442.387 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$365.753 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$59,848 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$61,064 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$59,849 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "25% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "25.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "26.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -618,20 +613,6 @@ "text": "-187.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "85.3 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "98.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "95 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "69.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "pork, poultry, spinach, vegetables, pork offals, game meat, fruit, lettuce, green onions, pig fat" }, @@ -700,9 +681,6 @@ "text": "61.64 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "5.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -714,6 +692,9 @@ "text": "0.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "23.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json index 1b3a233f..8cebfc09 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json @@ -668,6 +668,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Indonesia, the largest economy in Southeast Asia, has seen a slowdown in growth since 2012, mostly due to the end of the commodities export boom. During the global financial crisis, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth. Indonesia’s annual budget deficit is capped at 3% of GDP, and the Government of Indonesia lowered its debt-to-GDP ratio from a peak of 100% shortly after the Asian financial crisis in 1999 to 34% today. In May 2017 Standard & Poor’s became the last major ratings agency to upgrade Indonesia’s sovereign credit rating to investment grade.
Poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among its regions are still part of Indonesia’s economic landscape. President Joko WIDODO - elected in July 2014 – seeks to develop Indonesia’s maritime resources and pursue other infrastructure development, including significantly increasing its electrical power generation capacity. Fuel subsidies were significantly reduced in early 2015, a move which has helped the government redirect its spending to development priorities. Indonesia, with the nine other ASEAN members, will continue to move towards participation in the ASEAN Economic Community, though full implementation of economic integration has not yet materialized.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$3,196,682,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$3,043,743,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$2,894,125,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "5.03% (2019 est.)" @@ -679,6 +691,21 @@ "text": "5.07% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$11,812 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$11,372 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$10,936 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1,119,720,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.8% (2019 est.)" @@ -701,44 +728,6 @@ "text": "BBB (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$3,196,682,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$3,043,743,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$2,894,125,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1,119,720,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$11,812 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$11,372 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$10,936 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "31% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "31.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "30.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "13.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -770,20 +759,6 @@ "text": "-19.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "69.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "81.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "67.5 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "49.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "oil palm fruit, rice, maize, sugar cane, coconuts, cassava, bananas, eggs, poultry, rubber" }, @@ -842,9 +817,6 @@ "text": "159.6 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "13% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -856,6 +828,9 @@ "text": "28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "13% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1182,7 +1157,7 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json index 33c76441..4be47a3d 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json @@ -300,6 +300,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "4.3% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.2% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -606,6 +609,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Over the past 70 years, government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation (slightly less than 1% of GDP) have helped Japan develop an advanced economy. Two notable characteristics of the post-World War II economy were the close interlocking structures of manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors, known as keiretsu, and the guarantee of lifetime employment for a substantial portion of the urban labor force. Both features have significantly eroded under the dual pressures of global competition and domestic demographic change.
Measured on a purchasing power parity basis that adjusts for price differences, Japan in 2017 stood as the fourth-largest economy in the world after first-place China, which surpassed Japan in 2001, and third-place India, which edged out Japan in 2012. For three postwar decades, overall real economic growth was impressive - averaging 10% in the 1960s, 5% in the 1970s, and 4% in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, averaging just 1.7%, largely because of the aftereffects of inefficient investment and the collapse of an asset price bubble in the late 1980s, which resulted in several years of economic stagnation as firms sought to reduce excess debt, capital, and labor. Modest economic growth continued after 2000, but the economy has fallen into recession four times since 2008.
Japan enjoyed an uptick in growth since 2013, supported by Prime Minister Shinzo ABE’s \"Three Arrows\" economic revitalization agenda - dubbed \"Abenomics\" - of monetary easing, \"flexible\" fiscal policy, and structural reform. Led by the Bank of Japan’s aggressive monetary easing, Japan is making modest progress in ending deflation, but demographic decline – a low birthrate and an aging, shrinking population – poses a major long-term challenge for the economy. The government currently faces the quandary of balancing its efforts to stimulate growth and institute economic reforms with the need to address its sizable public debt, which stands at 235% of GDP. To help raise government revenue, Japan adopted legislation in 2012 to gradually raise the consumption tax rate. However, the first such increase, in April 2014, led to a sharp contraction, so Prime Minister ABE has twice postponed the next increase, which is now scheduled for October 2019. Structural reforms to unlock productivity are seen as central to strengthening the economy in the long-run.
Scarce in critical natural resources, Japan has long been dependent on imported energy and raw materials. After the complete shutdown of Japan’s nuclear reactors following the earthquake and tsunami disaster in 2011, Japan's industrial sector has become even more dependent than before on imported fossil fuels. However, ABE’s government is seeking to restart nuclear power plants that meet strict new safety standards and is emphasizing nuclear energy’s importance as a base-load electricity source. In August 2015, Japan successfully restarted one nuclear reactor at the Sendai Nuclear Power Plant in Kagoshima prefecture, and several other reactors around the country have since resumed operations; however, opposition from local governments has delayed several more restarts that remain pending. Reforms of the electricity and gas sectors, including full liberalization of Japan’s energy market in April 2016 and gas market in April 2017, constitute an important part of Prime Minister Abe’s economic program.
Under the Abe Administration, Japan’s government sought to open the country’s economy to greater foreign competition and create new export opportunities for Japanese businesses, including by joining 11 trading partners in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Japan became the first country to ratify the TPP in December 2016, but the United States signaled its withdrawal from the agreement in January 2017. In November 2017 the remaining 11 countries agreed on the core elements of a modified agreement, which they renamed the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). Japan also reached agreement with the European Union on an Economic Partnership Agreement in July 2017, and is likely seek to ratify both agreements in the Diet this year.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$5,231,066,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$5,197,069,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$5,180,326,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "0.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -617,6 +632,21 @@ "text": "2.19% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$41,429 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$41,074 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$40,859 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$5,078,679,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.4% (2019 est.)" @@ -639,44 +669,6 @@ "text": "A+ (2015)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$5,231,066,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$5,197,069,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$5,180,326,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$5,078,679,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$41,429 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$41,074 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$40,859 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "27.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "28.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "27.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -708,20 +700,6 @@ "text": "-16.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "78 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "86.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "85.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "65.3 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "rice, milk, sugar beet, vegetables, eggs, poultry, potatoes, cabbages, onions, pork" }, @@ -780,9 +758,6 @@ "text": "1.885 trillion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "35.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -794,6 +769,9 @@ "text": "235.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "35.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json index ad9d6cdd..a7023b9b 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json @@ -270,6 +270,9 @@ "text": "total: 5.5% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Physicians density": { "text": "3.68 physicians/1,000 population (2017)" }, @@ -572,20 +575,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "North Korea, one of the world's most centrally directed and least open economies, faces chronic economic problems. Industrial capital stock is nearly beyond repair as a result of decades of mismanagement, underinvestment, shortages of spare parts, and poor maintenance. Corruption and resource misallocation, including show projects, large-scale military spending, and development of its ballistic missile and nuclear programs, severely draws off resources needed for investment and civilian consumption. Industrial and power outputs have stagnated for years at a fraction of pre-1990 levels. Frequent weather-related crop failures aggravated chronic food shortages caused by on-going systemic problems, including a lack of arable land, collective farming practices, poor soil quality, insufficient fertilization, and persistent shortages of tractors and fuel.
The mid 1990s through mid-2000s were marked by severe famine and widespread starvation. Significant food aid was provided by the international community through 2009. Since that time, food assistance has declined significantly. In the last few years, domestic corn and rice production has improved, although domestic production does not fully satisfy demand. A large portion of the population continues to suffer from prolonged malnutrition and poor living conditions. Since 2002, the government has allowed semi-private markets to begin selling a wider range of goods, allowing North Koreans to partially make up for diminished public distribution system rations. It also implemented changes in the management process of communal farms in an effort to boost agricultural output.
In December 2009, North Korea carried out a redenomination of its currency, capping the amount of North Korean won that could be exchanged for the new notes, and limiting the exchange to a one-week window. A concurrent crackdown on markets and foreign currency use yielded severe shortages and inflation, forcing Pyongyang to ease the restrictions by February 2010. In response to the sinking of the South Korean warship Cheonan and the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island in 2010, South Korea’s government cut off most aid, trade, and bilateral cooperation activities. In February 2016, South Korea ceased its remaining bilateral economic activity by closing the Kaesong Industrial Complex in response to North Korea’s fourth nuclear test a month earlier. This nuclear test and another in September 2016 resulted in two United Nations Security Council Resolutions that targeted North Korea’s foreign currency earnings, particularly coal and other mineral exports. Throughout 2017, North Korea’s continued nuclear and missile tests led to a tightening of UN sanctions, resulting in full sectoral bans on DPRK exports and drastically limited key imports. Over the last decade, China has been North Korea’s primary trading partner.
The North Korean Government continues to stress its goal of improving the overall standard of living, but has taken few steps to make that goal a reality for its populace. In 2016, the regime used two mass mobilizations — one totaling 70 days and another 200 days — to spur the population to increase production and complete construction projects quickly. The regime released a five-year economic development strategy in May 2016 that outlined plans for promoting growth across sectors. Firm political control remains the government’s overriding concern, which likely will inhibit formal changes to North Korea’s current economic system.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-1.1% (2015 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "1% (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { - "text": "1.1% (2013 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "NA
" - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015": { "text": "$40 billion (2015 est.)" @@ -598,8 +587,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollarsNA
" }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -695,13 +695,13 @@ "text": "3.3 billion (2007 est.)" } }, + "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { + "text": "-0.4% (of GDP) (2007 est.)" + }, "Taxes and other revenues": { "text": "11.4% (of GDP) (2007 est.)", "note": "note: excludes earnings from state-operated enterprises" }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.4% (of GDP) (2007 est.)" - }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json index 0147cb62..8a6177c5 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json @@ -302,6 +302,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "4.7% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.3% of GDP (2016)" }, @@ -624,6 +627,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "After emerging from the 1950-53 war with North Korea, South Korea emerged as one of the 20th century’s most remarkable economic success stories, becoming a developed, globally connected, high-technology society within decades. In the 1960s, GDP per capita was comparable with levels in the poorest countries in the world. In 2004, South Korea's GDP surpassed one trillion dollars.
Beginning in the 1960s under President PARK Chung-hee, the government promoted the import of raw materials and technology, encouraged saving and investment over consumption, kept wages low, and directed resources to export-oriented industries that remain important to the economy to this day. Growth surged under these policies, and frequently reached double-digits in the 1960s and 1970s. Growth gradually moderated in the 1990s as the economy matured, but remained strong enough to propel South Korea into the ranks of the advanced economies of the OECD by 1997. These policies also led to the emergence of family-owned chaebol conglomerates such as Daewoo, Hyundai, and Samsung, which retained their dominant positions even as the government loosened its grip on the economy amid the political changes of the 1980s and 1990s.
The Asian financial crisis of 1997-98 hit South Korea’s companies hard because of their excessive reliance on short-term borrowing, and GDP ultimately plunged by 7% in 1998. South Korea tackled difficult economic reforms following the crisis, including restructuring some chaebols, increasing labor market flexibility, and opening up to more foreign investment and imports. These steps lead to a relatively rapid economic recovery. South Korea also began expanding its network of free trade agreements to help bolster exports, and has since implemented 16 free trade agreements covering 58 countries—including the United State and China—that collectively cover more than three-quarters of global GDP.
In 2017, the election of President MOON Jae-in brought a surge in consumer confidence, in part, because of his successful efforts to increase wages and government spending. These factors combined with an uptick in export growth to drive real GDP growth to more than 3%, despite disruptions in South Korea’s trade with China over the deployment of a US missile defense system in South Korea.
In 2018 and beyond, South Korea will contend with gradually slowing economic growth - in the 2-3% range - not uncommon for advanced economies. This could be partially offset by efforts to address challenges arising from its rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, continued dominance of the chaebols, and heavy reliance on exports rather than domestic consumption. Socioeconomic problems also persist, and include rising inequality, poverty among the elderly, high youth unemployment, long working hours, low worker productivity, and corruption.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$2,211,315,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$2,167,119,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$2,105,893,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.04% (2019 est.)" @@ -635,6 +650,21 @@ "text": "3.16% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$42,765 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$41,993 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$41,001 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1,646,604,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.3% (2019 est.)" @@ -657,44 +687,6 @@ "text": "AA (2016)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$2,211,315,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$2,167,119,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$2,105,893,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1,646,604,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$42,765 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$41,993 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$41,001 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "34.8% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "35.9% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "37% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -726,20 +718,6 @@ "text": "-37.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "84 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "93.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "92.5 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "84.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "rice, vegetables, cabbages, milk, onions, pork, poultry, eggs, tangerines/mandarins, potatoes" }, @@ -798,9 +776,6 @@ "text": "335.8 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -812,6 +787,9 @@ "text": "39.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "23.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json index 94932c21..dddafb04 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json @@ -219,6 +219,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.21 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -233,6 +236,9 @@ "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Physicians density": { "text": "2.41 physicians/1,000 population (2010)" }, @@ -245,6 +251,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.7% of GDP (2018)" }, @@ -453,6 +462,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Since opening up its locally-controlled casino industry to foreign competition in 2001, Macau has attracted tens of billions of dollars in foreign investment, transforming the territory into one of the world's largest gaming centers. Macau's gaming and tourism businesses were fueled by China's decision to relax travel restrictions on Chinese citizens wishing to visit Macau. In 2016, Macau's gaming-related taxes accounted for more than 76% of total government revenue.
Macau's economy slowed dramatically in 2009 as a result of the global economic slowdown, but strong growth resumed in the 2010-13 period, largely on the back of tourism from mainland China and the gaming sectors. In 2015, this city of 646,800 hosted nearly 30.7 million visitors. Almost 67% came from mainland China. Macau's traditional manufacturing industry has slowed greatly since the termination of the Multi-Fiber Agreement in 2005. Services export — primarily gaming — increasingly has driven Macau’s economic performance. Mainland China’s anti-corruption campaign brought Macau’s gambling boom to a halt in 2014, with spending in casinos contracting 34.3% in 2015. As a result, Macau's inflation-adjusted GDP contracted 21.5% in 2015 and another 2.1% in 2016 - down from double-digit expansion rates in the period 2010-13 - but the economy recovered handsomely in 2017.
Macau continues to face the challenges of managing its growing casino industry, risks from money-laundering activities, and the need to diversify the economy away from heavy dependence on gaming revenues. Macau's currency, the pataca, is closely tied to the Hong Kong dollar, which is also freely accepted in the territory.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$79.392 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$83.317 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$79.017 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "9.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -464,6 +485,20 @@ "text": "-21.6% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$123,965 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$131,908 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$126,918 (2017 est.)" + } + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$53.841 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -483,40 +518,6 @@ "text": "Aa3 (2016)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$79.392 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$83.317 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$79.017 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$53.841 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$123,965 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$131,908 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$126,918 (2017 est.)" - } - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "53.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "53.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0% (2016 est.)" @@ -624,9 +625,6 @@ "text": "9.684 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "10% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -638,6 +636,9 @@ "text": "0% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "29.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json index c0f38214..d8a7f8b5 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json @@ -659,6 +659,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Malaysia, an upper middle-income country, has transformed itself since the 1970s from a producer of raw materials into a multi-sector economy. Under current Prime Minister NAJIB, Malaysia is attempting to achieve high-income status by 2020 and to move further up the value-added production chain by attracting investments in high technology, knowledge-based industries and services. NAJIB's Economic Transformation Program is a series of projects and policy measures intended to accelerate the country's economic growth. The government has also taken steps to liberalize some services sub-sectors. Malaysia is vulnerable to a fall in world commodity prices or a general slowdown in global economic activity.
The NAJIB administration is continuing efforts to boost domestic demand and reduce the economy's dependence on exports. Domestic demand continues to anchor economic growth, supported mainly by private consumption, which accounts for 53% of GDP. Nevertheless, exports - particularly of electronics, oil and gas, and palm oil - remain a significant driver of the economy. In 2015, gross exports of goods and services were equivalent to 73% of GDP. The oil and gas sector supplied about 22% of government revenue in 2015, down significantly from prior years amid a decline in commodity prices and diversification of government revenues. Malaysia has embarked on a fiscal reform program aimed at achieving a balanced budget by 2020, including rationalization of subsidies and the 2015 introduction of a 6% value added tax. Sustained low commodity prices throughout the period not only strained government finances, but also shrunk Malaysia’s current account surplus and weighed heavily on the Malaysian ringgit, which was among the region’s worst performing currencies during 2013-17. The ringgit hit new lows following the US presidential election amid a broader selloff of emerging market assets.
Bank Negara Malaysia (the central bank) maintains adequate foreign exchange reserves; a well-developed regulatory regime has limited Malaysia's exposure to riskier financial instruments, although it remains vulnerable to volatile global capital flows. In order to increase Malaysia’s competitiveness, Prime Minister NAJIB raised possible revisions to the special economic and social preferences accorded to ethnic Malays under the New Economic Policy of 1970, but retreated in 2013 after he encountered significant opposition from Malay nationalists and other vested interests. In September 2013 NAJIB launched the new Bumiputra Economic Empowerment Program, policies that favor and advance the economic condition of ethnic Malays.
Malaysia signed the 12-nation Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) free trade agreement in February 2016, although the future of the TPP remains unclear following the US withdrawal from the agreement. Along with nine other ASEAN members, Malaysia established the ASEAN Economic Community in 2015, which aims to advance regional economic integration.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$906.239 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$868.853 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$829.296 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "4.31% (2019 est.)" @@ -670,6 +682,21 @@ "text": "5.81% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$28,364 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$27,558 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$26,661 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$364.631 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.6% (2019 est.)" @@ -693,44 +720,6 @@ "text": "A- (2003)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$906.239 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$868.853 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$829.296 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$364.631 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$28,364 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$27,558 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$26,661 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "26.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "28.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "28.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "8.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -762,20 +751,6 @@ "text": "-64.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "81.5 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "83.3 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "88.5 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "68.2 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "oil palm fruit, rice, poultry, eggs, vegetables, rubber, coconuts, bananas, pineapples, pork" }, @@ -834,9 +809,6 @@ "text": "60.63 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -849,6 +821,9 @@ }, "note": "note: this figure is based on the amount of federal government debt, RM501.6 billion ($167.2 billion) in 2012; this includes Malaysian Treasury bills and other government securities, as well as loans raised externally and bonds and notes issued overseas; this figure excludes debt issued by non-financial public enterprises and guaranteed by the federal government, which was an additional $47.7 billion in 2012" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "16.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1171,7 +1146,7 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "0.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1% of GDP (2019)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json index 14b8e18c..2a7dcc9e 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json @@ -79,14 +79,46 @@ "text": "1,440 (July 2014 est.)", "note": "note: Chinese activity has increased in recent years, particularly on Woody Island, where the population exceeds 1,000; there are scattered Chinese garrisons on some other islands" }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "15-24 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "25-54 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "55-64 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.75% (2021 est.)" }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "NA (2021 est.)" + }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "a population of over 1,000 Chinese resides on Woody Island, the largest of the Paracels; there are scattered Chinese garrisons on some other islands" + }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json index e176ca53..115410d6 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json @@ -73,6 +73,38 @@ "Population": { "text": "no indigenous inhabitants (July 2021 est.)", "note": "note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by military personnel of several claimant states" + }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "15-24 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "25-54 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "55-64 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "NA (2021 est.)" + }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json index 849e1ccf..862e3a5f 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json @@ -629,6 +629,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Papua New Guinea (PNG) is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by rugged terrain, land tenure issues, and the high cost of developing infrastructure. The economy has a small formal sector, focused mainly on the export of those natural resources, and an informal sector, employing the majority of the population. Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for 85% of the people. The global financial crisis had little impact because of continued foreign demand for PNG's commodities.
Mineral deposits, including copper, gold, and oil, account for nearly two-thirds of export earnings. Natural gas reserves amount to an estimated 155 billion cubic meters. Following construction of a $19 billion liquefied natural gas (LNG) project, PNG LNG, a consortium led by ExxonMobil, began exporting liquefied natural gas to Asian markets in May 2014. The project was delivered on time and only slightly above budget. The success of the project has encouraged other companies to look at similar LNG projects. French supermajor Total is hopes to begin construction on the Papua LNG project by 2020. Due to lower global commodity prices, resource revenues of all types have fallen dramatically. PNG’s government has recently been forced to adjust spending levels downward.
Numerous challenges still face the government of Peter O'NEILL, including providing physical security for foreign investors, regaining investor confidence, restoring integrity to state institutions, promoting economic efficiency by privatizing moribund state institutions, and maintaining good relations with Australia, its former colonial ruler. Other socio-cultural challenges could upend the economy including chronic law and order and land tenure issues. In August, 2017, PNG launched its first-ever national trade policy, PNG Trade Policy 2017-2032. The policy goal is to maximize trade and investment by increasing exports, to reduce imports, and to increase foreign direct investment (FDI).
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$38.218 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$36.089 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$36.19 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -640,6 +652,21 @@ "text": "5.3% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$4,355 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$4,193 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$4,289 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$19.82 billion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "5.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -656,44 +683,6 @@ "text": "B- (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$38.218 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$36.089 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$36.19 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$19.82 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$4,355 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$4,193 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$4,289 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "36.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "38% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "33.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "22.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -725,20 +714,6 @@ "text": "-22.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "59.8 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "80.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "65.8 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "36.2 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "oil palm fruit, bananas, coconuts, fruit, sweet potatoes, game meat, yams, roots/tubers nes, vegetables, taro" }, @@ -794,9 +769,6 @@ "text": "4.591 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "18.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-4.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -808,6 +780,9 @@ "text": "36.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "18.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1114,6 +1089,9 @@ "text": "Papua New Guinea Defense Force (PNGDF; includes land, maritime, and air elements) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.4% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1125,9 +1103,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.4% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.5% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json index 243c986f..abd978e7 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json @@ -663,6 +663,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy has been relatively resilient to global economic shocks due to less exposure to troubled international securities, lower dependence on exports, relatively resilient domestic consumption, large remittances from about 10 million overseas Filipino workers and migrants, and a rapidly expanding services industry. During 2017, the current account balance fell into the negative range, the first time since the 2008 global financial crisis, in part due to an ambitious new infrastructure spending program announced this year. However, international reserves remain at comfortable levels and the banking system is stable.
Efforts to improve tax administration and expenditures management have helped ease the Philippines' debt burden and tight fiscal situation. The Philippines received investment-grade credit ratings on its sovereign debt under the former AQUINO administration and has had little difficulty financing its budget deficits. However, weak absorptive capacity and implementation bottlenecks have prevented the government from maximizing its expenditure plans. Although it has improved, the low tax-to-GDP ratio remains a constraint to supporting increasingly higher spending levels and sustaining high and inclusive growth over the longer term.
Economic growth has accelerated, averaging over 6% per year from 2011 to 2017, compared with 4.5% under the MACAPAGAL-ARROYO government; and competitiveness rankings have improved. Although 2017 saw a new record year for net foreign direct investment inflows, FDI to the Philippines has continued to lag regional peers, in part because the Philippine constitution and other laws limit foreign investment and restrict foreign ownership in important activities/sectors - such as land ownership and public utilities.
Although the economy grew at a rapid pace under the AQUINO government, challenges to achieving more inclusive growth remain. Wealth is concentrated in the hands of the rich. The unemployment rate declined from 7.3% to 5.7% between 2010 and 2017; while there has been some improvement, underemployment remains high at around 17% to 18% of the employed population. At least 40% of the employed work in the informal sector. Poverty afflicts more than a fifth of the total population but is as high as 75% in some areas of the southern Philippines. More than 60% of the poor reside in rural areas, where the incidence of poverty (about 30%) is more severe - a challenge to raising rural farm and non-farm incomes. Continued efforts are needed to improve governance, the judicial system, the regulatory environment, the infrastructure, and the overall ease of doing business.
2016 saw the election of President Rodrigo DUTERTE, who has pledged to make inclusive growth and poverty reduction his top priority. DUTERTE believes that illegal drug use, crime and corruption are key barriers to economic development. The administration wants to reduce the poverty rate to 17% and graduate the economy to upper-middle income status by the end of President DUTERTE’s term in 2022. Key themes under the government’s Ten-Point Socioeconomic Agenda include continuity of macroeconomic policy, tax reform, higher investments in infrastructure and human capital development, and improving competitiveness and the overall ease of doing business. The administration sees infrastructure shortcomings as a key barrier to sustained economic growth and has pledged to spend $165 billion on infrastructure by 2022. Although the final outcome has yet to be seen, the current administration is shepherding legislation for a comprehensive tax reform program to raise revenues for its ambitious infrastructure spending plan and to promote a more equitable and efficient tax system. However, the need to finance rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts in the southern region of Mindanao following the 2017 Marawi City siege may compete with other spending on infrastructure.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$963.121 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$908.257 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$854.095 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "6.04% (2019 est.)" @@ -674,6 +686,21 @@ "text": "6.94% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$8,908 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$8,516 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$8,121 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$377.205 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.4% (2019 est.)" @@ -696,44 +723,6 @@ "text": "BBB+ (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$963.121 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$908.257 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$854.095 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$377.205 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$8,908 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$8,516 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$8,121 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "31.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "33.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "35.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "9.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -765,20 +754,6 @@ "text": "-40.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "62.8 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "71.3 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "68.4 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "46 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, rice, coconuts, maize, bananas, vegetables, tropical fruit, plantains, pineapples, cassava" }, @@ -837,9 +812,6 @@ "text": "56.02 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -851,6 +823,9 @@ "text": "39% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "15.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json index 8c3f072b..3bc22cb8 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json @@ -247,6 +247,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.15 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -298,6 +301,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "6.1% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.9% of GDP (2013)" }, @@ -611,6 +617,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Singapore has a highly developed and successful free-market economy. It enjoys an open and corruption-free environment, stable prices, and a per capita GDP higher than that of most developed countries. Unemployment is very low. The economy depends heavily on exports, particularly of electronics, petroleum products, chemicals, medical and optical devices, pharmaceuticals, and on Singapore’s vibrant transportation, business, and financial services sectors.
The economy contracted 0.6% in 2009 as a result of the global financial crisis, but has continued to grow since 2010. Growth from 2012-2017 was slower than during the previous decade, a result of slowing structural growth - as Singapore reached high-income levels - and soft global demand for exports. Growth recovered to 3.6% in 2017 with a strengthening global economy.
The government is attempting to restructure Singapore’s economy to reduce its dependence on foreign labor, raise productivity growth, and increase wages amid slowing labor force growth and an aging population. Singapore has attracted major investments in advanced manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and medical technology production and will continue efforts to strengthen its position as Southeast Asia's leading financial and technology hub. Singapore is a signatory of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and a party to the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) negotiations with nine other ASEAN members plus Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea, and New Zealand. In 2015, Singapore formed, with the other ASEAN members, the ASEAN Economic Community.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$555.193 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$551.152 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$532.832 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "0.73% (2019 est.)" @@ -622,6 +640,21 @@ "text": "4.34% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$97,341 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$97,745 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$94,941 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$372.088 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.5% (2019 est.)" @@ -644,44 +677,6 @@ "text": "AAA (1995)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$555.193 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$551.152 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$532.832 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$372.088 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$97,341 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$97,745 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$94,941 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "42.8% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "43.9% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "45.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0% (2017 est.)" @@ -713,20 +708,6 @@ "text": "-149.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "86.2 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "98.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "89.6 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "84.5 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "poultry, eggs, vegetables, pork, duck meat, spinach, pig offals, bird eggs, pig fat, cabbages" }, @@ -788,9 +769,6 @@ }, "note": "note: expenditures include both operational and development expenditures" }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -803,6 +781,9 @@ }, "note": "note: Singapore's public debt consists largely of Singapore Government Securities (SGS) issued to assist the Central Provident Fund (CPF), which administers Singapore's defined contribution pension fund; special issues of SGS are held by the CPF, and are non-tradable; the government has not borrowed to finance deficit expenditures since the 1980s; Singapore has no external public debt" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "15.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json index 63747143..55a8bfee 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json @@ -660,6 +660,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "With a relatively well-developed infrastructure, a free-enterprise economy, and generally pro-investment policies, Thailand is highly dependent on international trade, with exports accounting for about two thirds of GDP. Thailand’s exports include electronics, agricultural commodities, automobiles and parts, and processed foods. The industry and service sectors produce about 90% of GDP. The agricultural sector, comprised mostly of small-scale farms, contributes only 10% of GDP but employs about one third of the labor force. Thailand has attracted an estimated 3.0-4.5 million migrant workers, mostly from neighboring countries.
Over the last few decades, Thailand has reduced poverty substantially. In 2013, the Thai Government implemented a nationwide 300 baht (roughly $10) per day minimum wage policy and deployed new tax reforms designed to lower rates on middle-income earners.
Thailand’s economy is recovering from slow growth during the years since the 2014 coup. Thailand’s economic fundamentals are sound, with low inflation, low unemployment, and reasonable public and external debt levels. Tourism and government spending - mostly on infrastructure and short-term stimulus measures – have helped to boost the economy, and The Bank of Thailand has been supportive, with several interest rate reductions.
Over the longer-term, household debt levels, political uncertainty, and an aging population pose risks to growth.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$1,285,287,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$1,255,719,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$1,205,674,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.62% (2019 est.)" @@ -671,6 +683,21 @@ "text": "4.26% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$18,460 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$18,087 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$17,421 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$543.798 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -693,44 +720,6 @@ "text": "BBB+ (2004)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1,285,287,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,255,719,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$1,205,674,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$543.798 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$18,460 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$18,087 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$17,421 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "31.5% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "31.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "31.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "8.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -762,20 +751,6 @@ "text": "-54.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "80.1 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "92.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "84.6 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "67.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, cassava, rice, oil palm fruit, rubber, maize, tropical fruit, poultry, pineapples, mangoes/guavas" }, @@ -834,9 +809,6 @@ "text": "85.12 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "15.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -849,6 +821,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "15.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json index dbd68ab1..29e616e8 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json @@ -641,25 +641,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Since independence in 1999, Timor-Leste has faced great challenges in rebuilding its infrastructure, strengthening the civil administration, and generating jobs for young people entering the work force. The development of offshore oil and gas resources has greatly supplemented government revenues. This technology-intensive industry, however, has done little to create jobs in part because there are no production facilities in Timor-Leste. Gas is currently piped to Australia for processing, but Timor-Leste has expressed interest in developing a domestic processing capability.
In June 2005, the National Parliament unanimously approved the creation of the Timor-Leste Petroleum Fund to serve as a repository for all petroleum revenues and to preserve the value of Timor-Leste's petroleum wealth for future generations. The Fund held assets of $16 billion, as of mid-2016. Oil accounts for over 90% of government revenues, and the drop in the price of oil in 2014-16 has led to concerns about the long-term sustainability of government spending. Timor-Leste compensated for the decline in price by exporting more oil. The Ministry of Finance maintains that the Petroleum Fund is sufficient to sustain government operations for the foreseeable future.
Annual government budget expenditures increased markedly between 2009 and 2012 but dropped significantly through 2016. Historically, the government failed to spend as much as its budget allowed. The government has focused significant resources on basic infrastructure, including electricity and roads, but limited experience in procurement and infrastructure building has hampered these projects. The underlying economic policy challenge the country faces remains how best to use oil-and-gas wealth to lift the non-oil economy onto a higher growth path and to reduce poverty.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-4.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "5.3% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "4% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-1.3% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$4.593 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -672,9 +653,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.775 billion (2017 est.)", - "note": "note: non-oil GDP" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "-4.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "5.3% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "4% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -688,15 +676,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "28.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2.775 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: non-oil GDP" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "0.6% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "14.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "20.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "-1.3% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -730,20 +719,6 @@ "text": "-52% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "39.4 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "89.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "69.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "6.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "rice, maize, vegetables, coffee, roots/tubers nes, other meats, cassava, pork, beans, mangoes/guavas" }, @@ -802,9 +777,6 @@ "text": "2.4 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "10.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-75.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -816,6 +788,9 @@ "text": "3.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "10.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1079,6 +1054,9 @@ "text": "Timor-Leste Defense Force (Falintil-Forcas de Defesa de Timor-L'este, Falintil (F-FDTL)): Joint Headquarters with Land, Air, Naval, Service Support, and Education/Training components (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1090,9 +1068,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.2% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json index 80cdda8a..11831f35 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json @@ -236,6 +236,12 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.07 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -245,6 +251,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -475,6 +484,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Taiwan has a dynamic capitalist economy that is driven largely by industrial manufacturing, and especially exports of electronics, machinery, and petrochemicals. This heavy dependence on exports exposes the economy to fluctuations in global demand. Taiwan's diplomatic isolation, low birth rate, rapidly aging population, and increasing competition from China and other Asia Pacific markets are other major long-term challenges.
Following the landmark Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) signed with China in June 2010, Taiwan in July 2013 signed a free trade deal with New Zealand - Taipei’s first-ever with a country with which it does not maintain diplomatic relations - and, in November of that year, inked a trade pact with Singapore. However, follow-on components of the ECFA, including a signed agreement on trade in services and negotiations on trade in goods and dispute resolution, have stalled. In early 2014, the government bowed to public demand and proposed a new law governing the oversight of cross-Strait agreements, before any additional deals with China are implemented; the legislature has yet to vote on such legislation, leaving the future of ECFA uncertain. President TSAI since taking office in May 2016 has promoted greater economic integration with South and Southeast Asia through the New Southbound Policy initiative and has also expressed interest in Taiwan joining the Trans-Pacific Partnership as well as bilateral trade deals with partners such as the US. These overtures have likely played a role in increasing Taiwan’s total exports, which rose 11% during the first half of 2017, buoyed by strong demand for semiconductors.
Taiwan's total fertility rate of just over one child per woman is among the lowest in the world, raising the prospect of future labor shortages, falling domestic demand, and declining tax revenues. Taiwan's population is aging quickly, with the number of people over 65 expected to account for nearly 20% of the island's total population by 2025.
The island runs a trade surplus with many economies, including China and the US, and its foreign reserves are the world's fifth largest, behind those of China, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Switzerland. In 2006, China overtook the US to become Taiwan's second-largest source of imports after Japan. China is also the island's number one destination for foreign direct investment. Taiwan since 2009 has gradually loosened rules governing Chinese investment and has also secured greater market access for its investors on the mainland. In August 2012, the Taiwan Central Bank signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) on cross-Strait currency settlement with its Chinese counterpart. The MOU allows for the direct settlement of Chinese renminbi (RMB) and the New Taiwan dollar across the Strait, which has helped Taiwan develop into a local RMB hub.
Closer economic links with the mainland bring opportunities for Taiwan’s economy but also pose challenges as political differences remain unresolved and China’s economic growth is slowing. President TSAI’s administration has made little progress on the domestic economic issues that loomed large when she was elected, including concerns about stagnant wages, high housing prices, youth unemployment, job security, and financial security in retirement. TSAI has made more progress on boosting trade with South and Southeast Asia, which may help insulate Taiwan’s economy from a fall in mainland demand should China’s growth slow in 2018.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$1,143,277,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$1,113,126,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$1,083,384,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.71% (2019 est.)" @@ -486,6 +507,18 @@ "text": "3.31% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$24,502 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$23,865 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$611.391 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.5% (2019 est.)" @@ -508,41 +541,6 @@ "text": "AA- (2002)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1,143,277,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,113,126,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$1,083,384,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$611.391 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$24,502 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$23,865 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "34.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "35.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "36.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -574,20 +572,6 @@ "text": "-52.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "80.9 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "94.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "84.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "75.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "rice, vegetables, pork, cabbages, poultry, sugar cane, milk, eggs, pineapples, tropical fruit" }, @@ -646,9 +630,6 @@ "text": "92.03 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -661,6 +642,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data for central government" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "16% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json index ef0e2ed2..2d80e3bf 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json @@ -653,6 +653,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Vietnam is a densely populated developing country that has been transitioning since 1986 from the rigidities of a centrally planned, highly agrarian economy to a more industrial and market based economy, and it has raised incomes substantially. Vietnam exceeded its 2017 GDP growth target of 6.7% with growth of 6.8%, primarily due to unexpected increases in domestic demand, and strong manufacturing exports.
Vietnam has a young population, stable political system, commitment to sustainable growth, relatively low inflation, stable currency, strong FDI inflows, and strong manufacturing sector. In addition, the country is committed to continuing its global economic integration. Vietnam joined the WTO in January 2007 and concluded several free trade agreements in 2015-16, including the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (which the EU has not yet ratified), the Korean Free Trade Agreement, and the Eurasian Economic Union Free Trade Agreement. In 2017, Vietnam successfully chaired the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Conference with its key priorities including inclusive growth, innovation, strengthening small and medium enterprises, food security, and climate change. Seeking to diversify its opportunities, Vietnam also signed the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for the Transpacific Partnership in 2018 and continued to pursue the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.
To continue its trajectory of strong economic growth, the government acknowledges the need to spark a ‘second wave’ of reforms, including reforming state-owned-enterprises, reducing red tape, increasing business sector transparency, reducing the level of non-performing loans in the banking sector, and increasing financial sector transparency. Vietnam’s public debt to GDP ratio is nearing the government mandated ceiling of 65%.
In 2016, Vietnam cancelled its civilian nuclear energy development program, citing public concerns about safety and the high cost of the program; it faces growing pressure on energy infrastructure. Overall, the country’s infrastructure fails to meet the needs of an expanding middle class. Vietnam has demonstrated a commitment to sustainable growth over the last several years, but despite the recent speed-up in economic growth the government remains cautious about the risk of external shocks.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$775.669 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$724.806 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$676.909 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "7.16% (2017 est.)" @@ -661,6 +673,21 @@ "text": "6.2% (2016 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$8,041 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$7,586 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$7,156 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$259.957 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -683,44 +710,6 @@ "text": "BB (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$775.669 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$724.806 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$676.909 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$259.957 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$8,041 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$7,586 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$7,156 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "23.1% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "23.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "22.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "15.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -752,20 +741,6 @@ "text": "-101% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "69.8 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "85.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "70.8 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "62.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "rice, vegetables, sugar cane, cassava, maize, pork, fruit, bananas, coffee, coconuts" }, @@ -824,9 +799,6 @@ "text": "69.37 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "24.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-6.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -839,6 +811,9 @@ }, "note": "note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "24.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1156,20 +1131,20 @@ "text": "People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN; aka Vietnam People's Army, VPA): Ground Forces, Navy (includes naval infantry), Air Force and Air Defense, Border Defense Force, and Vietnam Coast Guard; Vietnam People's Public Security; Vietnam Civil Defense Force (2020)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "2.3% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2019": { + "text": "2.3% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "2.36% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "text": "2.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "2.3% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "2.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "2.4% of GDP (2015)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2014": { - "text": "2.3% of GDP (2014)" + "text": "2.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/europe/an.json b/europe/an.json index 19da35e0..c57600b9 100644 --- a/europe/an.json +++ b/europe/an.json @@ -222,6 +222,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.44 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -283,6 +286,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "25.6% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.2% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -536,6 +542,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Andorra has a developed economy and a free market, with per capita income above the European average and above the level of its neighbors, Spain and France. The country has developed a sophisticated infrastructure including a one-of-a-kind micro-fiber-optic network for the entire country. Tourism, retail sales, and finance comprise more than three-quarters of GDP. Duty-free shopping for some products and the country’s summer and winter resorts attract millions of visitors annually. Andorra uses the euro and is effectively subject to the monetary policy of the European Central Bank. Andorra's comparative advantage as a tax haven eroded when the borders of neighboring France and Spain opened and the government eased bank secrecy laws under pressure from the EU and OECD.
Agricultural production is limited - only about 5% of the land is arable - and most food has to be imported, making the economy vulnerable to changes in fuel and food prices. The principal livestock is sheep. Manufacturing output and exports consist mainly of perfumes and cosmetic products, products of the printing industry, electrical machinery and equipment, clothing, tobacco products, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products.
To provide incentives for growth and diversification in the economy, the Andorran government began sweeping economic reforms in 2006. The Parliament approved three laws to complement the first phase of economic openness: on companies (October 2007), on business accounting (December 2007), and on foreign investment (April 2008 and June 2012). From 2011 to 2015, the Parliament also approved direct taxes in the form of taxes on corporations, on individual incomes of residents and non-residents, and on capital gains, savings, and economic activities. These regulations aim to establish a transparent, modern, and internationally comparable regulatory framework, in order to attract foreign investment and businesses that offer higher value added.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015": { + "text": "$3.327 billion (2015 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": { + "text": "$3.363 billion (2014 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2013": { + "text": "$3.273 billion (2013 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { "text": "-1.1% (2015 est.)" @@ -547,6 +565,20 @@ "text": "-0.1% (2013 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2015": { + "text": "$49,900 (2015 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2014": { + "text": "$51,300 (2014 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2013": { + "text": "$50,300 (2013 est.)" + } + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2.712 billion (2016 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015": { "text": "-0.9% (2015 est.)" @@ -563,32 +595,6 @@ "text": "BBB (2017)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015": { - "text": "$3.327 billion (2015 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": { - "text": "$3.363 billion (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2013": { - "text": "$3.273 billion (2013 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2012 US dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.712 billion (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2015": { - "text": "$49,900 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2014": { - "text": "$51,300 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2013": { - "text": "$50,300 (2013 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "11.9% (2015 est.)" @@ -647,9 +653,6 @@ "text": "2.06 billion (2016)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "69% (of GDP) (2016)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-6.9% (of GDP) (2016)" }, @@ -661,6 +664,9 @@ "text": "41.4% of GDP (2013 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "69% (of GDP) (2016)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index 748d15da..f5f29419 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -310,6 +310,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "20.1% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.4% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -612,6 +615,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Austria is a well-developed market economy with skilled labor force and high standard of living. It is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's, but also the US’, its third-largest trade partner. Its economy features a large service sector, a sound industrial sector, and a small, but highly developed agricultural sector.
Austrian economic growth strengthen in 2017, with a 2.9% increase in GDP. Austrian exports, accounting for around 60% of the GDP, were up 8.2% in 2017. Austria’s unemployment rate fell by 0.3% to 5.5%, which is low by European standards, but still at its second highest rate since the end of World War II, driven by an increased number of refugees and EU migrants entering the labor market.
Austria's fiscal position compares favorably with other euro-zone countries. The budget deficit stood at a low 0.7% of GDP in 2017 and public debt declined again to 78.4% of GDP in 2017, after reaching a post-war high 84.6% in 2015. The Austrian government has announced it plans to balance the fiscal budget in 2019. Several external risks, such as Austrian banks' exposure to Central and Eastern Europe, the refugee crisis, and continued unrest in Russia/Ukraine, eased in 2017, but are still a factor for the Austrian economy. Exposure to the Russian banking sector and a deep energy relationship with Russia present additional risks.
Austria elected a new pro-business government in October 2017 that campaigned on promises to reduce bureaucracy, improve public sector efficiency, reduce labor market protections, and provide positive investment incentives.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$498.78 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$491.803 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$479.433 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "1.42% (2019 est.)" @@ -623,6 +638,21 @@ "text": "2.4% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$56,188 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$55,631 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$54,496 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$445.025 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.5% (2019 est.)" @@ -645,44 +675,6 @@ "text": "AA+ (2012)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$498.78 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$491.803 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$479.433 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$445.025 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$56,188 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$55,631 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$54,496 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "28.5% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "26.9% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "26.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -714,20 +706,6 @@ "text": "-50.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "78.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "83.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "100 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "75.5 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, maize, sugar beet, wheat, barley, potatoes, pork, triticale, grapes, apples" }, @@ -786,9 +764,6 @@ "text": "204.6 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "48.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -801,6 +776,9 @@ }, "note": "note: this is general government gross debt, defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year; it covers the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; as a percentage of GDP, the GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product in current year prices" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "48.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1108,7 +1086,7 @@ "text": "0.8% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "0.8% of GDP (2020)" + "text": "0.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019)" diff --git a/europe/ax.json b/europe/ax.json index 26b0879e..4ca09982 100644 --- a/europe/ax.json +++ b/europe/ax.json @@ -53,8 +53,40 @@ "text": "Belgium’s central geographic location and highly developed transport network have helped develop a well-diversified economy, with a broad mix of transport, services, manufacturing, and high tech. Service and high-tech industries are concentrated in the northern Flanders region while the southern region of Wallonia is home to industries like coal and steel manufacturing. Belgium is completely reliant on foreign sources of fossil fuels, and the planned closure of its seven nuclear plants by 2025 should increase its dependence on foreign energy. Its role as a regional logistical hub makes its economy vulnerable to shifts in foreign demand, particularly with EU trading partners. Roughly three-quarters of Belgium's trade is with other EU countries, and the port of Zeebrugge conducts almost half its trade with the United Kingdom alone, leaving Belgium’s economy vulnerable to the outcome of negotiations on the UK’s exit from the EU.
Belgium’s GDP grew by 1.7% in 2017 and the budget deficit was 1.5% of GDP. Unemployment stood at 7.3%, however the unemployment rate is lower in Flanders than Wallonia, 4.4% compared to 9.4%, because of industrial differences between the regions. The economy largely recovered from the March 2016 terrorist attacks that mainly impacted the Brussels region tourist and hospitality industry. Prime Minister Charles MICHEL's center-right government has pledged to further reduce the deficit in response to EU pressure to decrease Belgium's high public debt of about 104% of GDP, but such efforts would also dampen economic growth. In addition to restrained public spending, low wage growth and higher inflation promise to curtail a more robust recovery in private consumption.
The government has pledged to pursue a reform program to improve Belgium’s competitiveness, including changes to labor market rules and welfare benefits. These changes have generally made Belgian wages more competitive regionally, but have raised tensions with trade unions, which have called for extended strikes. In 2017, Belgium approved a tax reform plan to ease corporate rates from 33% to 29% by 2018 and down to 25% by 2020. The tax plan also included benefits for innovation and SMEs, intended to spur competitiveness and private investment.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$596.414 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$586.192 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$575.757 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "1.41% (2019 est.)" @@ -630,6 +642,21 @@ "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$51,934 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$51,299 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$50,615 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$533.028 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.4% (2019 est.)" @@ -652,44 +679,6 @@ "text": "AA (2011)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$596.414 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$586.192 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$575.757 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$533.028 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$51,934 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$51,299 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$50,615 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "25.3% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "24.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "25.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -721,20 +710,6 @@ "text": "-84.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "75 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "92.3 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "100 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "64.3 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar beet, milk, potatoes, wheat, pork, lettuce, poultry, maize, barley, pears" }, @@ -793,9 +768,6 @@ "text": "258.6 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "51.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -808,6 +780,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; general government debt is defined by the Maastricht definition and calculated by the National Bank of Belgium as consolidated gross debt; the debt is defined in European Regulation EC479/2009 concerning the implementation of the protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the Treaty on European Union (Treaty of Maastricht) of 7 February 1992; the sub-sectors of consolidated gross debt are: federal government, communities and regions, local government, and social security funds" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "51.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/bk.json b/europe/bk.json index b34a5157..4d0d2cb8 100644 --- a/europe/bk.json +++ b/europe/bk.json @@ -633,6 +633,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Bosnia and Herzegovina has a transitional economy with limited market reforms. The economy relies heavily on the export of metals, energy, textiles, and furniture as well as on remittances and foreign aid. A highly decentralized government hampers economic policy coordination and reform, while excessive bureaucracy and a segmented market discourage foreign investment. The economy is among the least competitive in the region. Foreign banks, primarily from Austria and Italy, control much of the banking sector, though the largest bank is a private domestic one. The konvertibilna marka (convertible mark) - the national currency introduced in 1998 - is pegged to the euro through a currency board arrangement, which has maintained confidence in the currency and has facilitated reliable trade links with European partners. Bosnia and Herzegovina became a full member of the Central European Free Trade Agreement in September 2007. In 2016, Bosnia began a three-year IMF loan program, but it has struggled to meet the economic reform benchmarks required to receive all funding installments.
Bosnia and Herzegovina's private sector is growing slowly, but foreign investment dropped sharply after 2007 and remains low. High unemployment remains the most serious macroeconomic problem. Successful implementation of a value-added tax in 2006 provided a steady source of revenue for the government and helped rein in gray-market activity, though public perceptions of government corruption and misuse of taxpayer money has encouraged a large informal economy to persist. National-level statistics have improved over time, but a large share of economic activity remains unofficial and unrecorded.
Bosnia and Herzegovina's top economic priorities are: acceleration of integration into the EU; strengthening the fiscal system; public administration reform; World Trade Organization membership; and securing economic growth by fostering a dynamic, competitive private sector.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$49.224 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$47.94 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$46.212 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "3% (2017 est.)" @@ -644,6 +656,21 @@ "text": "3.1% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$14,912 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$14,423 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$13,788 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$20.078 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -660,44 +687,6 @@ "text": "B (2011)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$49.224 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$47.94 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$46.212 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$20.078 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$14,912 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$14,423 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$13,788 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "16.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "15.9% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "13.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "6.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -729,20 +718,6 @@ "text": "-55.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "65.4 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "60 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "95.7 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "57.8 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "maize, milk, vegetables, potatoes, wheat, plums/sloes, apples, barley, cabbages, poultry" }, @@ -802,9 +777,6 @@ "text": "7.607 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "44% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "2.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -817,6 +789,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions." }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "44% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index b26ad654..d255a8fe 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -310,6 +310,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "24.5% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.8% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -625,6 +628,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "As part of the former Soviet Union, Belarus had a relatively well-developed industrial base, but it is now outdated, inefficient, and dependent on subsidized Russian energy and preferential access to Russian markets. The country’s agricultural base is largely dependent on government subsidies. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, an initial burst of economic reforms included privatization of state enterprises, creation of private property rights, and the acceptance of private entrepreneurship, but by 1994 the reform effort dissipated. About 80% of industry remains in state hands, and foreign investment has virtually disappeared. Several businesses have been renationalized. State-owned entities account for 70-75% of GDP, and state banks make up 75% of the banking sector.
Economic output declined for several years following the break-up of the Soviet Union, but revived in the mid-2000s. Belarus has only small reserves of crude oil and imports crude oil and natural gas from Russia at subsidized, below market, prices. Belarus derives export revenue by refining Russian crude and selling it at market prices. Russia and Belarus have had serious disagreements over prices and quantities for Russian energy. Beginning in early 2016, Russia claimed Belarus began accumulating debt – reaching $740 million by April 2017 – for paying below the agreed price for Russian natural gas and Russia cut back its export of crude oil as a result of the debt. In April 2017, Belarus agreed to pay its gas debt and Russia restored the flow of crude.
New non-Russian foreign investment has been limited in recent years, largely because of an unfavorable financial climate. In 2011, a financial crisis lead to a nearly three-fold devaluation of the Belarusian ruble. The Belarusian economy has continued to struggle under the weight of high external debt servicing payments and a trade deficit. In mid-December 2014, the devaluation of the Russian ruble triggered a near 40% devaluation of the Belarusian ruble.
Belarus’s economy stagnated between 2012 and 2016, widening productivity and income gaps between Belarus and neighboring countries. Budget revenues dropped because of falling global prices on key Belarusian export commodities. Since 2015, the Belarusian government has tightened its macro-economic policies, allowed more flexibility to its exchange rate, taken some steps towards price liberalization, and reduced subsidized government lending to state-owned enterprises. Belarus returned to modest growth in 2017, largely driven by improvement of external conditions and Belarus issued sovereign debt for the first time since 2011, which provided the country with badly-needed liquidity, and issued $600 million worth of Eurobonds in February 2018, predominantly to US and British investors.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$181.286 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$179.098 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$173.63 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "1.22% (2019 est.)" @@ -636,6 +651,21 @@ "text": "2.53% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$19,150 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$18,885 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$18,280 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$63.168 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "5.6% (2019 est.)" @@ -658,44 +688,6 @@ "text": "B (2017)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$181.286 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$179.098 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$173.63 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$63.168 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$19,150 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$18,885 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$18,280 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "27.8% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "29.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "28% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "8.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -727,20 +719,6 @@ "text": "-67% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "74.3 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "93.5 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "96.5 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "67.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, potatoes, sugar beet, wheat, triticale, barley, maize, rye, rapeseed, poultry" }, @@ -800,9 +778,6 @@ "text": "20.57 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "40.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "2.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -814,6 +789,9 @@ "text": "53.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "40.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/bu.json b/europe/bu.json index fd798bf1..6e47aea8 100644 --- a/europe/bu.json +++ b/europe/bu.json @@ -252,6 +252,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.49 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -633,6 +636,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Bulgaria, a former communist country that entered the EU in 2007, has an open economy that historically has demonstrated strong growth, but its per-capita income remains the lowest among EU members and its reliance on energy imports and foreign demand for its exports makes its growth sensitive to external market conditions.
The government undertook significant structural economic reforms in the 1990s to move the economy from a centralized, planned economy to a more liberal, market-driven economy. These reforms included privatization of state-owned enterprises, liberalization of trade, and strengthening of the tax system - changes that initially caused some economic hardships but later helped to attract investment, spur growth, and make gradual improvements to living conditions. From 2000 through 2008, Bulgaria maintained robust, average annual real GDP growth in excess of 6%, which was followed by a deep recession in 2009 as the financial crisis caused domestic demand, exports, capital inflows and industrial production to contract, prompting the government to rein in spending. Real GDP growth remained slow - less than 2% annually - until 2015, when demand from EU countries for Bulgarian exports, plus an inflow of EU development funds, boosted growth to more than 3%. In recent years, strong domestic demand combined with low international energy prices have contributed to Bulgaria’s economic growth approaching 4% and have also helped to ease inflation. Bulgaria’s prudent public financial management contributed to budget surpluses both in 2016 and 2017.
Bulgaria is heavily reliant on energy imports from Russia, a potential vulnerability, and is a participant in EU-backed efforts to diversify regional natural gas supplies. In late 2016, the Bulgarian Government provided funding to Bulgaria’s National Electric Company to cover the $695 million compensation owed to Russian nuclear equipment manufacturer Atomstroyexport for the cancellation of the Belene Nuclear Power Plant project, which the Bulgarian Government terminated in 2012. As of early 2018, the government was floating the possibility of resurrecting the Belene project. The natural gas market, dominated by state-owned Bulgargaz, is also almost entirely supplied by Russia. Infrastructure projects such as the Inter-Connector Greece-Bulgaria and Inter-Connector Bulgaria-Serbia, which would enable Bulgaria to have access to non-Russian gas, have either stalled or made limited progress. In 2016, the Bulgarian Government established the State eGovernment Agency. This new agency is responsible for the electronic governance, coordinating national policies with the EU, and strengthening cybersecurity.
Despite a favorable investment regime, including low, flat corporate income taxes, significant challenges remain. Corruption in public administration, a weak judiciary, low productivity, lack of transparency in public procurements, and the presence of organized crime continue to hamper the country's investment climate and economic prospects.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$161.654 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$155.894 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$151.218 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "3.39% (2019 est.)" @@ -644,6 +659,21 @@ "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$23,174 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$22,191 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$21,371 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$68.49 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "3.1% (2019 est.)" @@ -666,44 +696,6 @@ "text": "BBB (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$161.654 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$155.894 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$151.218 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$68.49 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$23,174 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$22,191 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$21,371 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "26.1% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "24.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "25.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "4.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -735,20 +727,6 @@ "text": "-64.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "72 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "85.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "97.4 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "67 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "wheat, maize, sunflower seed, milk, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, grapes, tomatoes, watermelons" }, @@ -808,9 +786,6 @@ "text": "19.35 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "35.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -823,6 +798,9 @@ }, "note": "note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "35.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/cy.json b/europe/cy.json index 0aa41884..e81db5ca 100644 --- a/europe/cy.json +++ b/europe/cy.json @@ -255,6 +255,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.48 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -316,6 +319,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "21.8% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.8% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -640,6 +646,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The area of the Republic of Cyprus under government control has a market economy dominated by a services sector that accounts for more than four-fifths of GDP. Tourism, finance, shipping, and real estate have traditionally been the most important services. Cyprus has been a member of the EU since May 2004 and adopted the euro as its national currency in January 2008.
During the first five years of EU membership, the Cyprus economy grew at an average rate of about 4%, with unemployment between 2004 and 2008 averaging about 4%. However, the economy tipped into recession in 2009 as the ongoing global financial crisis and resulting low demand hit the tourism and construction sectors. An overextended banking sector with excessive exposure to Greek debt added to the contraction. Cyprus’ biggest two banks were among the largest holders of Greek bonds in Europe and had a substantial presence in Greece through bank branches and subsidiaries. Following numerous downgrades of its credit rating, Cyprus lost access to international capital markets in May 2011. In July 2012, Cyprus became the fifth euro-zone government to request an economic bailout program from the European Commission, European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund - known collectively as the \"Troika.\"
Shortly after the election of President Nikos ANASTASIADES in February 2013, Cyprus reached an agreement with the Troika on a $13 billion bailout that triggered a two-week bank closure and the imposition of capital controls that remained partially in place until April 2015. Cyprus' two largest banks merged and the combined entity was recapitalized through conversion of some large bank deposits to shares and imposition of losses on bank bondholders. As with other EU countries, the Troika conditioned the bailout on passing financial and structural reforms and privatizing state-owned enterprises. Despite downsizing and restructuring, the Cypriot financial sector remains burdened by the largest stock of non-performing loans in the euro zone, equal to nearly half of all loans. Since the bailout, Cyprus has received positive appraisals by the Troika and outperformed fiscal targets but has struggled to overcome political opposition to bailout-mandated legislation, particularly regarding privatizations. The rate of non-performing loans (NPLs) is still very high at around 49%, and growth would accelerate if Cypriot banks could increase the pace of resolution of the NPLs.
In October 2013, a US-Israeli consortium completed preliminary appraisals of hydrocarbon deposits in Cyprus’ exclusive economic zone (EEZ), which estimated gross mean reserves of about 130 billion cubic meters. Though exploration continues in Cyprus’ EEZ, no additional commercially exploitable reserves have been identified. Developing offshore hydrocarbon resources remains a critical component of the government’s economic recovery efforts, but development has been delayed as a result of regional developments and disagreements about exploitation methods.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$35.353 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$34.299 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$32.591 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "3.08% (2019 est.)" @@ -651,6 +669,21 @@ "text": "5.16% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$39,545 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$38,822 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$37,767 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$24.946 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.2% (2019 est.)" @@ -673,44 +706,6 @@ "text": "BBB- (2018)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$35.353 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$34.299 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$32.591 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$24.946 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$39,545 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$38,822 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$37,767 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "13.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "14.6% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "14.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2% (2017 est.)" @@ -742,20 +737,6 @@ "text": "-67.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "73.4 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "92 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "88.4 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "48.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, potatoes, pork, sheep milk, goat milk, barley, wheat, poultry, olives, tangerines/mandarins" }, @@ -814,9 +795,6 @@ "text": "8.275 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -829,6 +807,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "39.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1131,7 +1112,7 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "1.75% of GDP (2020)" + "text": "1.75% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.6% of GDP (2019)" diff --git a/europe/da.json b/europe/da.json index 210fd3d0..8006b607 100644 --- a/europe/da.json +++ b/europe/da.json @@ -257,6 +257,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.77 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -320,6 +323,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "19.7% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "7.8% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -618,6 +624,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "This thoroughly modern market economy features advanced industry with world-leading firms in pharmaceuticals, maritime shipping, and renewable energy, and a high-tech agricultural sector. Danes enjoy a high standard of living, and the Danish economy is characterized by extensive government welfare measures and an equitable distribution of income. An aging population will be a long-term issue.
Denmark’s small open economy is highly dependent on foreign trade, and the government strongly supports trade liberalization. Denmark is a net exporter of food, oil, and gas and enjoys a comfortable balance of payments surplus, but depends on imports of raw materials for the manufacturing sector.
Denmark is a member of the EU but not the eurozone. Despite previously meeting the criteria to join the European Economic and Monetary Union, Denmark has negotiated an opt-out with the EU and is not required to adopt the euro.
Denmark is experiencing a modest economic expansion. The economy grew by 2.0% in 2016 and 2.1% in 2017. The expansion is expected to decline slightly in 2018. Unemployment stood at 5.5% in 2017, based on the national labor survey. The labor market was tight in 2017, with corporations experiencing some difficulty finding appropriately-skilled workers to fill billets. The Danish Government offers extensive programs to train unemployed persons to work in sectors that need qualified workers.
Denmark maintained a healthy budget surplus for many years up to 2008, but the global financial crisis swung the budget balance into deficit. Since 2014 the balance has shifted between surplus and deficit. In 2017 there was a surplus of 1.0%. The government projects a lower deficit in 2018 and 2019 of 0.7%, and public debt (EMU debt) as a share of GDP is expected to decline to 35.6% in 2018 and 34.8% in 2019. The Danish Government plans to address increasing municipal, public housing and integration spending in 2018.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$336.335 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$327.017 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$320.053 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.85% (2019 est.)" @@ -629,6 +647,21 @@ "text": "2.83% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$57,804 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$56,444 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$55,517 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$350.037 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -651,44 +684,6 @@ "text": "AAA (2001)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$336.335 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$327.017 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$320.053 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$350.037 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$57,804 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$56,444 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$55,517 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "31.5% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "29.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "29.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -720,20 +715,6 @@ "text": "-47.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "85.3 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "92.7 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "100 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "73.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, wheat, barley, potatoes, sugar beet, pork, rye, rapeseed, oats, poultry" }, @@ -792,9 +773,6 @@ "text": "168.9 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "53% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -807,6 +785,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "53% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/dx.json b/europe/dx.json index dabb71c9..af7d996b 100644 --- a/europe/dx.json +++ b/europe/dx.json @@ -53,8 +53,40 @@ "text": "The 27 member states that make up the EU have adopted an internal single market with free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor. The EU, which is also a customs union, aims to bolster Europe's trade position and its political and economic weight in international affairs.
Despite great differences in per capita income among member states (from $28,000 to $109,000) and in national attitudes toward issues like inflation, debt, and foreign trade, the EU has achieved a high degree of coordination of monetary and fiscal policies. A common currency – the euro – circulates among 19 of the member states that make up the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Eleven member states introduced the euro as their common currency on 1 January 1999 (Greece did so two years later). Since 2004, 13 states acceded to the EU. Of the 13, Slovenia (2007), Cyprus and Malta (2008), Slovakia (2009), Estonia (2011), Latvia (2014), and Lithuania (2015) have adopted the euro; seven other member states - excluding Denmark, which has a formal opt-out - are required by EU treaties to adopt the common currency upon meeting fiscal and monetary convergence criteria.
The EU economy posted moderate GDP growth for 2014 through 2017, capping five years of sustained growth since the 2008-09 global economic crisis and the ensuing sovereign debt crisis in the euro zone in 2011. However, the bloc’s recovery was uneven. Some EU member states (Czechia, Ireland, Malta, Romania, Sweden, and Spain) recorded strong growth, others (Italy) experienced modest expansion, and Greece finally ended its EU rescue program in August 2018. Overall, the EU’s recovery was buoyed by lower commodities prices and accommodative monetary policy, which lowered interest rates and stimulated demand. The euro zone, which makes up about 70% of the total EU economy, performed well, achieving a growth rate not seen in a decade. In October 2017 the European Central Bank (ECB) announced it would extend its bond-buying program through September 2018, and possibly beyond that date, to keep the euro zone recovery on track. The ECB’s efforts to spur more lending and investment through its asset-buying program, negative interest rates, and long-term loan refinancing programs have not yet raised inflation in line with the ECB’s statutory target of just under 2%.
Despite its performance, high unemployment in some member states, high levels of public and private debt, muted productivity, an incomplete single market in services, and an aging population remain sources of potential drag on the EU’s future growth. Moreover, the EU economy remains vulnerable to a slowdown of global trade and bouts of political and financial turmoil. In June 2016, the UK voted to withdraw from the EU, the first member country ever to attempt to secede. Continued uncertainty about the implications of the UK’s exit from the EU (concluded January 2020) could hurt consumer and investor confidence and dampen EU growth, particularly if trade and cross-border investment significantly declines. Political disagreements between EU member states on reforms to fiscal and economic policy also may impair the EU’s ability to bolster its crisis-prevention and resolution mechanisms. International investors’ fears of a broad dissolution of the single currency area have largely dissipated, but these concerns could resurface if elected leaders implement policies that contravene euro-zone budget or banking rules. State interventions in ailing banks, including rescue of banks in Italy and resolution of banks in Spain, have eased financial vulnerabilities in the European banking sector even though some banks are struggling with low profitability and a large stock of bad loans, fragilities that could precipitate localized crises. Externally, the EU has continued to pursue comprehensive free trade agreements to expand EU external market share, particularly with Asian countries; EU and Japanese leaders reached a political-level agreement on a free trade agreement in July 2017, and agreement with Mexico in April 2018 on updates to an existing free trade agreement.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$19,885,625,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$19,551,328,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$19,115,988,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -378,6 +396,21 @@ "text": "2.3% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$44,436 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$43,761 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$42,848 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$17.11 trillion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.1% (2019 est.)" @@ -400,44 +433,6 @@ "text": "AA (2016)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$19,885,625,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$19,551,328,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$19,115,988,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$17.11 trillion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$44,436 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$43,761 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$42,848 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "22.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "22.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "22% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -520,9 +515,6 @@ "text": "23.8% (2016 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "45.2% (of GDP) (2014)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3% (of GDP) (2014)" }, @@ -534,6 +526,9 @@ "text": "85.5% of GDP (2013)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "45.2% (of GDP) (2014)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -797,11 +792,14 @@ "text": "the EU's Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) provides the civilian, military, and political structures for EU crisis management and security issues; the highest bodies are:
the Political and Security Committee (PSC), which meets at the ambassadorial level as a preparatory body for the Council of the EU; it assists with defining policies and preparing a crisis response
the European Union Military Committee (EUMC) is the EU's highest military body; it is composed of the chiefs of defense (CHODs) of the Member States, who are regularly represented by their permanent Military Representatives; the EUMC provides the PSC with advice and recommendations on all military matters within the EU
the Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management (CIVCOM) provides advice and recommendations to the PSC in parallel with the EUMC on civilian aspects of crisis management
the Politico-Military Group (PMG) provides advice and recommendations to the PSC on political aspects of EU military and civil-military issues, including concepts, capabilities and operations and missions, and monitors implementation
other bodies set up under the CSDP include; the Security and Defense Policy Directorate (SECDEFPOL), the Integrated approach for Security and Peace Directorate (ISP), the EU Military Staff (EUMS), the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC), the Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC), the European Defense Agency, the European Security and Defense College (ESDC), the EU Institute for Security Studies, and the EU Satellite Center
" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.4% of GDP (2019)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { - "text": "1.36% of GDP (2018)" + "text": "1.4% of GDP (2018)" }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { "text": "1.35% of GDP (2017)" @@ -814,7 +812,7 @@ "text": "since 2003, the EU has launched more than 30 civilian and military crisis-management, advisory, and training missions in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East, as well as counter-piracy operations off the coast of Somalia and a naval operation in the Mediterranean to disrupt human smuggling and trafficking networks and prevent the loss of life at sea" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the EU partners with NATOIreland is a small, modern, trade-dependent economy. It was among the initial group of 12 EU nations that began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002. GDP growth averaged 6% in 1995-2007, but economic activity dropped sharply during the world financial crisis and the subsequent collapse of its domestic property market and construction industry during 2008-11. Faced with sharply reduced revenues and a burgeoning budget deficit from efforts to stabilize its fragile banking sector, the Irish Government introduced the first in a series of draconian budgets in 2009. These measures were not sufficient to stabilize Ireland’s public finances. In 2010, the budget deficit reached 32.4% of GDP - the world's largest deficit, as a percentage of GDP. In late 2010, the former COWEN government agreed to a $92 billion loan package from the EU and IMF to help Dublin recapitalize Ireland’s banking sector and avoid defaulting on its sovereign debt. In March 2011, the KENNY government intensified austerity measures to meet the deficit targets under Ireland's EU-IMF bailout program.
In late 2013, Ireland formally exited its EU-IMF bailout program, benefiting from its strict adherence to deficit-reduction targets and success in refinancing a large amount of banking-related debt. In 2014, the economy rapidly picked up. In late 2014, the government introduced a fiscally neutral budget, marking the end of the austerity program. Continued growth of tax receipts has allowed the government to lower some taxes and increase public spending while keeping to its deficit-reduction targets. In 2015, GDP growth exceeded 26%. The magnitude of the increase reflected one-off statistical revisions, multinational corporate restructurings in intellectual property, and the aircraft leasing sector, rather than real gains in the domestic economy, which was still growing. Growth moderated to around 4.1% in 2017, but the recovering economy assisted lowering the deficit to 0.6% of GDP.
In the wake of the collapse of the construction sector and the downturn in consumer spending and business investment during the 2008-11 economic crisis, the export sector, dominated by foreign multinationals, has become an even more important component of Ireland's economy. Ireland’s low corporation tax of 12.5% and a talented pool of high-tech laborers have been some of the key factors in encouraging business investment. Loose tax residency requirements made Ireland a common destination for international firms seeking to pay less tax or, in the case of U.S. multinationals, defer taxation owed to the United States. In 2014, amid growing international pressure, the Irish government announced it would phase in more stringent tax laws, effectively closing a commonly used loophole. The Irish economy continued to grow in 2017 and is forecast to do so through 2019, supported by a strong export sector, robust job growth, and low inflation, to the point that the Government must now address concerns about overheating and potential loss of competitiveness. The greatest risks to the economy are the UK’s scheduled departure from the European Union (\"Brexit\") in March 2019, possible changes to international taxation policies that could affect Ireland’s revenues, and global trade pressures.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$428.825 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$406.277 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$375.592 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "5.86% (2019 est.)" @@ -617,6 +635,21 @@ "text": "9.49% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$86,781 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$83,471 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$78,128 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$398.476 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.9% (2019 est.)" @@ -639,44 +672,6 @@ "text": "AA- (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$428.825 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$406.277 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$375.592 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$398.476 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$86,781 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$83,471 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$78,128 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "35.9% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "34.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "34.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -708,20 +703,6 @@ "text": "-89.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "79.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "94.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "87.2 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "57.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, barley, beef, wheat, potatoes, pork, oats, poultry, mushrooms/truffles, mutton" }, @@ -780,9 +761,6 @@ "text": "87.19 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -795,6 +773,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "26% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index 03da69bd..6dda8c39 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -244,6 +244,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.61 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -642,6 +645,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Estonia, a member of the EU since 2004 and the euro zone since 2011, has a modern market-based economy and one of the higher per capita income levels in Central Europe and the Baltic region, but its economy is highly dependent on trade, leaving it vulnerable to external shocks. Estonia's successive governments have pursued a free market, pro-business economic agenda, and sound fiscal policies that have resulted in balanced budgets and the lowest debt-to-GDP ratio in the EU.
The economy benefits from strong electronics and telecommunications sectors and strong trade ties with Finland, Sweden, Germany, and Russia. The economy’s 4.9% GDP growth in 2017 was the fastest in the past six years, leaving the Estonian economy in its best position since the financial crisis 10 years ago. For the first time in many years, labor productivity increased faster than labor costs in 2017. Inflation also rose in 2017 to 3.5% alongside increased global prices for food and energy, which make up a large share of Estonia’s consumption.
Estonia is challenged by a shortage of labor, both skilled and unskilled, although the government has amended its immigration law to allow easier hiring of highly qualified foreign workers, and wage growth that outpaces productivity gains. The government is also pursuing efforts to boost productivity growth with a focus on innovations that emphasize technology start-ups and e-commerce.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$48.987 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$46.655 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$44.708 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "5% (2019 est.)" @@ -653,6 +668,21 @@ "text": "5.51% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$36,927 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$35,293 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$33,937 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$31.461 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.2% (2019 est.)" @@ -675,44 +705,6 @@ "text": "AA- (2011)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$48.987 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$46.655 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$44.708 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$31.461 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$36,927 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$35,293 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$33,937 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "29.1% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "28.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "28.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -744,20 +736,6 @@ "text": "-74% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "80.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "95.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "99.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "76.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "wheat, milk, barley, rapeseed, rye, oats, peas, potatoes, pork, triticale" }, @@ -816,9 +794,6 @@ "text": "10.44 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -831,6 +806,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "39.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index 0f48ee2a..32092c37 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -243,6 +243,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.49 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -304,6 +307,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "26% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.9% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -618,6 +624,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Czechia is a prosperous market economy that boasts one of the highest GDP growth rates and lowest unemployment levels in the EU, but its dependence on exports makes economic growth vulnerable to contractions in external demand. Czechia’s exports comprise some 80% of GDP and largely consist of automobiles, the country’s single largest industry. Czechia acceded to the EU in 2004 but has yet to join the euro-zone. While the flexible koruna helps Czechia weather external shocks, it was one of the world’s strongest performing currencies in 2017, appreciating approximately 16% relative to the US dollar after the central bank (Czech National Bank - CNB) ended its cap on the currency’s value in early April 2017, which it had maintained since November 2013. The CNB hiked rates in August and November 2017 - the first rate changes in nine years - to address rising inflationary pressures brought by strong economic growth and a tight labor market.
Since coming to power in 2014, the new government has undertaken some reforms to try to reduce corruption, attract investment, and improve social welfare programs, which could help increase the government’s revenues and improve living conditions for Czechs. The government introduced in December 2016 an online tax reporting system intended to reduce tax evasion and increase revenues. The government also plans to remove labor market rigidities to improve the business climate, bring procurement procedures in line with EU best practices, and boost wages. The country's low unemployment rate has led to steady increases in salaries, and the government is facing pressure from businesses to allow greater migration of qualified workers, at least from Ukraine and neighboring Central European countries.
Long-term challenges include dealing with a rapidly aging population, a shortage of skilled workers, a lagging education system, funding an unsustainable pension and health care system, and diversifying away from manufacturing and toward a more high-tech, services-based, knowledge economy.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$435.987 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$426.038 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$412.902 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.27% (2019 est.)" @@ -629,6 +647,21 @@ "text": "5.35% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$40,862 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$40,079 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$38,974 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$250.631 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.8% (2019 est.)" @@ -651,44 +684,6 @@ "text": "AA- (2011)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$435.987 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$426.038 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$412.902 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$250.631 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$40,862 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$40,079 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$38,974 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "26.2% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "26.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "27.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -720,20 +715,6 @@ "text": "-72.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "76.3 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "82.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "100 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "56.4 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "wheat, sugar beet, milk, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, maize, pork, triticale, poultry" }, @@ -792,9 +773,6 @@ "text": "83.92 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "40.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -806,6 +784,9 @@ "text": "36.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "40.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/fi.json b/europe/fi.json index f576d828..01a13f52 100644 --- a/europe/fi.json +++ b/europe/fi.json @@ -319,6 +319,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "22.2% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.4% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -618,6 +621,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy with per capita GDP almost as high as that of Austria and the Netherlands and slightly above that of Germany and Belgium. Trade is important, with exports accounting for over one-third of GDP in recent years. The government is open to, and actively takes steps to attract, foreign direct investment.
Finland is historically competitive in manufacturing, particularly in the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Finland excels in export of technology as well as promotion of startups in the information and communications technology, gaming, cleantech, and biotechnology sectors. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the cold climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export industry, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population.
Finland had been one of the best performing economies within the EU before 2009 and its banks and financial markets avoided the worst of global financial crisis. However, the world slowdown hit exports and domestic demand hard in that year, causing Finland’s economy to contract from 2012 to 2014. The recession affected general government finances and the debt ratio. The economy returned to growth in 2016, posting a 1.9% GDP increase before growing an estimated 3.3% in 2017, supported by a strong increase in investment, private consumption, and net exports. Finnish economists expect GDP to grow a rate of 2-3% in the next few years.
Finland's main challenges will be reducing high labor costs and boosting demand for its exports. In June 2016, the government enacted a Competitiveness Pact aimed at reducing labor costs, increasing hours worked, and introducing more flexibility into the wage bargaining system. As a result, wage growth was nearly flat in 2017. The Government was also seeking to reform the health care system and social services. In the long term, Finland must address a rapidly aging population and decreasing productivity in traditional industries that threaten competitiveness, fiscal sustainability, and economic growth.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$268.662 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$265.619 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$261.649 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "1.15% (2019 est.)" @@ -629,6 +644,21 @@ "text": "3.27% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$48,668 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$48,159 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$47,502 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$269.259 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1% (2019 est.)" @@ -651,44 +681,6 @@ "text": "AA+ (2014)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$268.662 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$265.619 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$261.649 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$269.259 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$48,668 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$48,159 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$47,502 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "24.1% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "23.5% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "23% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -720,20 +712,6 @@ "text": "-38.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "80.2 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "93.5 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "92.4 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "66.4 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, barley, oats, wheat, potatoes, sugar beet, rye, pork, poultry, beef" }, @@ -793,9 +771,6 @@ }, "note": "note: Central Government Budget data; these numbers represent a significant reduction from previous official reporting" }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "53.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -808,6 +783,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "53.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/fo.json b/europe/fo.json index 5b430d02..472dd4b1 100644 --- a/europe/fo.json +++ b/europe/fo.json @@ -219,6 +219,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.3 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 99% of population" @@ -227,6 +230,9 @@ "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Physicians density": { "text": "2.62 physicians/1,000 population (2016)" }, @@ -249,6 +255,9 @@ }, "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { @@ -449,25 +458,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The Faroese economy has experienced a period of significant growth since 2011, due to higher fish prices and increased salmon farming and catches in the pelagic fisheries. Fishing has been the main source of income for the Faroe Islands since the late 19th century, but dependence on fishing makes the economy vulnerable to price fluctuations. Nominal GDP, measured in current prices, grew 5.6% in 2015 and 6.8% in 2016. GDP growth was forecast at 6.2% in 2017, slowing to 0.5% in 2018, due to lower fisheries quotas, higher oil prices and fewer farmed salmon combined with lower salmon prices. The fisheries sector accounts for about 97% of exports, and half of GDP. Unemployment is low, estimated at 2.1% in early 2018. Aided by an annual subsidy from Denmark, which amounts to about 11% of Faroese GDP , Faroese have a standard of living equal to that of Denmark. The Faroe Islands have bilateral free trade agreements with the EU, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and Turkey.
For the first time in 8 years, the Faroe Islands managed to generate a public budget surplus in 2016, a trend which continued in 2017. The local government intends to use this to reduce public debt, which reached 38% of GDP in 2015. A fiscal sustainability analysis of the Faroese economy shows that a long-term tightening of fiscal policy of 5% of GDP is required for fiscal sustainability.
Increasing public infrastructure investments are likely to lead to continued growth in the short term, and the Faroese economy is becoming somewhat more diversified. Growing industries include financial services, petroleum-related businesses, shipping, maritime manufacturing services, civil aviation, IT, telecommunications, and tourism.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "5.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "7.5% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "2.4% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-0.3% (2016)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015": { - "text": "-1.7% (2015)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": { "text": "$2.001 billion (2014 est.)" @@ -479,23 +469,31 @@ "text": "$1.608 billion (2012 est.)" } }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.765 billion (2014 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "5.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "7.5% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "2.4% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2014": { "text": "$40,000 (2014 est.)" } }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2012": { - "text": "25.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2.765 billion (2014 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "-0.3% (2016)" }, - "Gross national saving 2011": { - "text": "25.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2010": { - "text": "25.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015": { + "text": "-1.7% (2015)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -579,9 +577,6 @@ }, "note": "note: Denmark supplies the Faroe Islands with almost one-third of its public funds" }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "30.2% (of GDP) (2014 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.7% (of GDP) (2014 est.)" }, @@ -590,6 +585,9 @@ "text": "35% of GDP (2014 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "30.2% (of GDP) (2014 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/fr.json b/europe/fr.json index a0ec50f4..414ba9f5 100644 --- a/europe/fr.json +++ b/europe/fr.json @@ -334,6 +334,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "21.6% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.5% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -649,6 +652,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The French economy is diversified across all sectors. The government has partially or fully privatized many large companies, including Air France, France Telecom, Renault, and Thales. However, the government maintains a strong presence in some sectors, particularly power, public transport, and defense industries. France is the most visited country in the world with 89 million foreign tourists in 2017. France's leaders remain committed to a capitalism in which they maintain social equity by means of laws, tax policies, and social spending that mitigate economic inequality.
France's real GDP grew by 1.9% in 2017, up from 1.2% the year before. The unemployment rate (including overseas territories) increased from 7.8% in 2008 to 10.2% in 2015, before falling to 9.0% in 2017. Youth unemployment in metropolitan France decreased from 24.6% in the fourth quarter of 2014 to 20.6% in the fourth quarter of 2017.
France’s public finances have historically been strained by high spending and low growth. In 2017, the budget deficit improved to 2.7% of GDP, bringing it in compliance with the EU-mandated 3% deficit target. Meanwhile, France's public debt rose from 89.5% of GDP in 2012 to 97% in 2017.
Since entering office in May 2017, President Emmanuel MACRON launched a series of economic reforms to improve competitiveness and boost economic growth. President MACRON campaigned on reforming France’s labor code and in late 2017 implemented a range of reforms to increase flexibility in the labor market by making it easier for firms to hire and fire and simplifying negotiations between employers and employees. In addition to labor reforms, President MACRON’s 2018 budget cuts public spending, taxes, and social security contributions to spur private investment and increase purchasing power. The government plans to gradually reduce corporate tax rate for businesses from 33.3% to 25% by 2022.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$3,097,061,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$3,051,034,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$2,997,296,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "1.49% (2019 est.)" @@ -660,6 +675,21 @@ "text": "2.42% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$46,184 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$45,561 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$44,827 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2,715,574,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.1% (2019 est.)" @@ -682,44 +712,6 @@ "text": "AA (2013)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$3,097,061,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$3,051,034,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$2,997,296,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2,715,574,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$46,184 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$45,561 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$44,827 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "23.4% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "23.1% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "22.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -751,20 +743,6 @@ "text": "-32% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "76.8 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "93.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "100 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "73.5 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "wheat, sugar beet, milk, barley, maize, potatoes, grapes, rapeseed, pork, apples" }, @@ -824,9 +802,6 @@ "text": "1.459 trillion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "53.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -839,6 +814,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "53.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/gi.json b/europe/gi.json index dab3c88f..ace0ff74 100644 --- a/europe/gi.json +++ b/europe/gi.json @@ -200,6 +200,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.91 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -214,6 +217,9 @@ "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -237,6 +243,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" } @@ -406,14 +415,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Self-sufficient Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. Tax rates are low to attract foreign investment. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 7% to the local economy, compared with 60% in 1984. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment.
The financial sector, tourism (over 11 million visitors in 2012), gaming revenues, shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. The financial sector, tourism, and the shipping sector contribute 30%, 30%, and 25%, respectively, of GDP. Telecommunications, e-commerce, and e-gaming account for the remaining 15%.
" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2013": { - "text": "2.5% (2013 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2012": { - "text": "2.2% (2012 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": { "text": "$2.044 billion (2014 est.)" @@ -426,9 +427,6 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2014 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.044 billion (2014 est.)" - }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2014": { "text": "$61,700 (2014 est.)" @@ -440,6 +438,17 @@ "text": "$41,200 (2007 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2.044 billion (2014 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2013": { + "text": "2.5% (2013 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2012": { + "text": "2.2% (2012 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0% (2016 est.)" @@ -498,9 +507,6 @@ "text": "452.3 million (2008 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.3% (of GDP) (2008 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.1% (of GDP) (2008 est.)" }, @@ -512,6 +518,9 @@ "text": "8.4% of GDP (2006 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "23.3% (of GDP) (2008 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, diff --git a/europe/gk.json b/europe/gk.json index 94df9d96..ffed4f89 100644 --- a/europe/gk.json +++ b/europe/gk.json @@ -209,6 +209,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.58 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 94.2% of population" @@ -218,6 +221,9 @@ }, "note": "note: includes data for Jersey" }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 98% of population" @@ -236,6 +242,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" } @@ -407,22 +416,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Financial services accounted for about 21% of employment and about 32% of total income in 2016 in this tiny, prosperous Channel Island economy. Construction, manufacturing, and horticulture, mainly tomatoes and cut flowers, have been declining. Financial services, professional services, tourism, retail, and the public sector have been growing. Light tax and death duties make Guernsey a popular offshore financial center." }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "0.4% (2015 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "1.2% (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2012": { - "text": "4.2% (2012 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) June 2006": { - "text": "3.4% (June 2006 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015": { "text": "$3.465 billion (2015 est.)" @@ -435,14 +428,30 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2015 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.742 billion (2005 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "0.4% (2015 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { + "text": "1.2% (2014 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2012": { + "text": "4.2% (2012 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2014": { "text": "$52,500 (2014 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2.742 billion (2005 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) June 2006": { + "text": "3.4% (June 2006 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "3% (2000)" @@ -490,12 +499,12 @@ "text": "530.9 million (2005 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.6% (of GDP) (2005)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.2% (of GDP) (2005)" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "20.6% (of GDP) (2005)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index 3d1406ad..cfb66c31 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -538,13 +538,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:The German economy - the fifth largest economy in the world in PPP terms and Europe's largest - is a leading exporter of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, and household equipment. Germany benefits from a highly skilled labor force, but, like its Western European neighbors, faces significant demographic challenges to sustained long-term growth. Low fertility rates and a large increase in net immigration are increasing pressure on the country's social welfare system and necessitate structural reforms.
Reforms launched by the government of Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (1998-2005), deemed necessary to address chronically high unemployment and low average growth, contributed to strong economic growth and falling unemployment. These advances, as well as a government subsidized, reduced working hour scheme, help explain the relatively modest increase in unemployment during the 2008-09 recession - the deepest since World War II. The German Government introduced a minimum wage in 2015 that increased to $9.79 (8.84 euros) in January 2017.
Stimulus and stabilization efforts initiated in 2008 and 2009 and tax cuts introduced in Chancellor Angela MERKEL's second term increased Germany's total budget deficit - including federal, state, and municipal - to 4.1% in 2010, but slower spending and higher tax revenues reduced the deficit to 0.8% in 2011 and in 2017 Germany reached a budget surplus of 0.7%. A constitutional amendment approved in 2009 limits the federal government to structural deficits of no more than 0.35% of GDP per annum as of 2016, though the target was already reached in 2012.
Following the March 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, Chancellor Angela MERKEL announced in May 2011 that eight of the country's 17 nuclear reactors would be shut down immediately and the remaining plants would close by 2022. Germany plans to replace nuclear power largely with renewable energy, which accounted for 29.5% of gross electricity consumption in 2016, up from 9% in 2000. Before the shutdown of the eight reactors, Germany relied on nuclear power for 23% of its electricity generating capacity and 46% of its base-load electricity production.
The German economy suffers from low levels of investment, and a government plan to invest 15 billion euros during 2016-18, largely in infrastructure, is intended to spur needed private investment. Domestic consumption, investment, and exports are likely to drive German GDP growth in 2018, and the country’s budget and trade surpluses are likely to remain high.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$4,482,448,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$4,457,688,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$4,401,873,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "0.59% (2019 est.)" @@ -638,6 +650,21 @@ "text": "2.91% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$53,919 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$53,768 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$53,255 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$3,860,923,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.4% (2019 est.)" @@ -661,44 +688,6 @@ }, "note": "Credit ratings prior to 1989 refer to West Germany." }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$4,482,448,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$4,457,688,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$4,401,873,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$3,860,923,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$53,919 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$53,768 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$53,255 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "28.5% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "28.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "28.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -730,20 +719,6 @@ "text": "-39.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "79.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "83.7 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "91.8 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "74.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, sugar beet, wheat, barley, potatoes, pork, maize, rye, rapeseed, triticale" }, @@ -802,9 +777,6 @@ "text": "1.619 trillion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "45% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -817,6 +789,9 @@ }, "note": "note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euros; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euro using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "45% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/gr.json b/europe/gr.json index d042c466..8fb1f59d 100644 --- a/europe/gr.json +++ b/europe/gr.json @@ -250,6 +250,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.39 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -313,6 +316,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "24.9% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -636,6 +642,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Greece has a capitalist economy with a public sector accounting for about 40% of GDP and with per capita GDP about two-thirds that of the leading euro-zone economies. Tourism provides 18% of GDP. Immigrants make up nearly one-fifth of the work force, mainly in agricultural and unskilled jobs. Greece is a major beneficiary of EU aid, equal to about 3.3% of annual GDP.
The Greek economy averaged growth of about 4% per year between 2003 and 2007, but the economy went into recession in 2009 as a result of the world financial crisis, tightening credit conditions, and Athens' failure to address a growing budget deficit. By 2013, the economy had contracted 26%, compared with the pre-crisis level of 2007. Greece met the EU's Growth and Stability Pact budget deficit criterion of no more than 3% of GDP in 2007-08, but violated it in 2009, when the deficit reached 15% of GDP. Deteriorating public finances, inaccurate and misreported statistics, and consistent underperformance on reforms prompted major credit rating agencies to downgrade Greece's international debt rating in late 2009 and led the country into a financial crisis. Under intense pressure from the EU and international market participants, the government accepted a bailout program that called on Athens to cut government spending, decrease tax evasion, overhaul the civil-service, health-care, and pension systems, and reform the labor and product markets. Austerity measures reduced the deficit to 1.3% in 2017. Successive Greek governments, however, failed to push through many of the most unpopular reforms in the face of widespread political opposition, including from the country's powerful labor unions and the general public.
In April 2010, a leading credit agency assigned Greek debt its lowest possible credit rating, and in May 2010, the IMF and euro-zone governments provided Greece emergency short- and medium-term loans worth $147 billion so that the country could make debt repayments to creditors. Greece, however, struggled to meet the targets set by the EU and the IMF, especially after Eurostat - the EU's statistical office - revised upward Greece's deficit and debt numbers for 2009 and 2010. European leaders and the IMF agreed in October 2011 to provide Athens a second bailout package of $169 billion. The second deal called for holders of Greek government bonds to write down a significant portion of their holdings to try to alleviate Greece’s government debt burden. However, Greek banks, saddled with a significant portion of sovereign debt, were adversely affected by the write down and $60 billion of the second bailout package was set aside to ensure the banking system was adequately capitalized.
In 2014, the Greek economy began to turn the corner on the recession. Greece achieved three significant milestones: balancing the budget - not including debt repayments; issuing government debt in financial markets for the first time since 2010; and generating 0.7% GDP growth — the first economic expansion since 2007.
Despite the nascent recovery, widespread discontent with austerity measures helped propel the far-left Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA) party into government in national legislative elections in January 2015. Between January and July 2015, frustrations grew between the SYRIZA-led government and Greece’s EU and IMF creditors over the implementation of bailout measures and disbursement of funds. The Greek government began running up significant arrears to suppliers, while Greek banks relied on emergency lending, and Greece’s future in the euro zone was called into question. To stave off a collapse of the banking system, Greece imposed capital controls in June 2015, then became the first developed nation to miss a loan payment to the IMF, rattling international financial markets. Unable to reach an agreement with creditors, Prime Minister Alexios TSIPRAS held a nationwide referendum on 5 July on whether to accept the terms of Greece’s bailout, campaigning for the ultimately successful \"no\" vote. The TSIPRAS government subsequently agreed, however, to a new $96 billion bailout in order to avert Greece’s exit from the monetary bloc. On 20 August 2015, Greece signed its third bailout, allowing it to cover significant debt payments to its EU and IMF creditors and to ensure the banking sector retained access to emergency liquidity. The TSIPRAS government — which retook office on 20 September 2015 after calling new elections in late August — successfully secured disbursal of two delayed tranches of bailout funds. Despite the economic turmoil, Greek GDP did not contract as sharply as feared, boosted in part by a strong tourist season.
In 2017, Greece saw improvements in GDP and unemployment. Unfinished economic reforms, a massive non-performing loan problem, and ongoing uncertainty regarding the political direction of the country hold the economy back. Some estimates put Greece’s black market at 20- to 25% of GDP, as more people have stopped reporting their income to avoid paying taxes that, in some cases, have risen to 70% of an individual’s gross income.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$319.334 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$313.469 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$307.521 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "1.87% (2019 est.)" @@ -647,6 +665,21 @@ "text": "1.44% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$29,799 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$29,206 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$28,594 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$209.79 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.2% (2019 est.)" @@ -669,44 +702,6 @@ "text": "BB- (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$319.334 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$313.469 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$307.521 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$209.79 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$29,799 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$29,206 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$28,594 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "9.9% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "8.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "8.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "4.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -738,20 +733,6 @@ "text": "-34.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "68.4 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "96 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "93.7 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "48.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "maize, olives, wheat, milk, peaches/nectarines, oranges, tomatoes, grapes, milk, potatoes" }, @@ -810,9 +791,6 @@ "text": "96.35 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "48.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "0.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -824,6 +802,9 @@ "text": "183.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "48.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1189,7 +1170,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "5,557 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 1,210,227 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); as of the end of December 2020, an estimated 119,700 migrants and refugees were stranded in Greece since 2015-16" + "note": "note: 1,210,240 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); as of the end of December 2020, an estimated 119,700 migrants and refugees were stranded in Greece since 2015-16" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime" diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index 742165da..89f26c83 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -249,6 +249,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.44 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -320,6 +323,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "24.4% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.9% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -650,6 +656,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Though still one of the wealthiest of the former Yugoslav republics, Croatia’s economy suffered badly during the 1991-95 war. The country's output during that time collapsed, and Croatia missed the early waves of investment in Central and Eastern Europe that followed the fall of the Berlin Wall. Between 2000 and 2007, however, Croatia's economic fortunes began to improve with moderate but steady GDP growth between 4% and 6%, led by a rebound in tourism and credit-driven consumer spending. Inflation over the same period remained tame and the currency, the kuna, stable.
Croatia experienced an abrupt slowdown in the economy in 2008; economic growth was stagnant or negative in each year between 2009 and 2014, but has picked up since the third quarter of 2014, ending 2017 with an average of 2.8% growth. Challenges remain including uneven regional development, a difficult investment climate, an inefficient judiciary, and loss of educated young professionals seeking higher salaries elsewhere in the EU. In 2016, Croatia revised its tax code to stimulate growth from domestic consumption and foreign investment. Income tax reduction began in 2017, and in 2018 various business costs were removed from income tax calculations. At the start of 2018, the government announced its economic reform plan, slated for implementation in 2019.
Tourism is one of the main pillars of the Croatian economy, comprising 19.6% of Croatia’s GDP. Croatia is working to become a regional energy hub, and is undertaking plans to open a floating liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification terminal by the end of 2019 or early in 2020 to import LNG for re-distribution in southeast Europe.
Croatia joined the EU on July 1, 2013, following a decade-long accession process. Croatia has developed a plan for Eurozone accession, and the government projects Croatia will adopt the Euro by 2024. In 2017, the Croatian government decreased public debt to 78% of GDP, from an all-time high of 84% in 2014, and realized a 0.8% budget surplus - the first surplus since independence in 1991. The government has also sought to accelerate privatization of non-strategic assets with mixed success. Croatia’s economic recovery is still somewhat fragile; Croatia’s largest private company narrowly avoided collapse in 2017, thanks to a capital infusion from an American investor. Restructuring is ongoing, and projected to finish by mid-July 2018.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$116.339 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$113.105 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$110.016 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.94% (2019 est.)" @@ -661,6 +679,21 @@ "text": "3.14% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$28,602 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$27,669 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$26,674 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$60.687 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -683,44 +716,6 @@ "text": "BBB- (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$116.339 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$113.105 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$110.016 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$60.687 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$28,602 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$27,669 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$26,674 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "25.3% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "25.3% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "25.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "3.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -752,20 +747,6 @@ "text": "-48.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "73.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "85.3 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "100 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "70.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "maize, wheat, sugar beet, milk, barley, soybeans, potatoes, pork, grapes, sunflower seed" }, @@ -824,9 +805,6 @@ "text": "24.83 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "46.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "0.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -838,6 +816,9 @@ "text": "82.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "46.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/hu.json b/europe/hu.json index ea58d71b..6ab15480 100644 --- a/europe/hu.json +++ b/europe/hu.json @@ -241,6 +241,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.48 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -310,6 +313,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "26.4% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.7% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -634,6 +640,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Hungary has transitioned from a centrally planned to a market-driven economy with a per capita income approximately two thirds of the EU-28 average; however, in recent years the government has become more involved in managing the economy. Budapest has implemented unorthodox economic policies to boost household consumption and has relied on EU-funded development projects to generate growth.
Following the fall of communism in 1990, Hungary experienced a drop-off in exports and financial assistance from the former Soviet Union. Hungary embarked on a series of economic reforms, including privatization of state-owned enterprises and reduction of social spending programs, to shift from a centrally planned to a market-driven economy, and to reorient its economy towards trade with the West. These efforts helped to spur growth, attract investment, and reduce Hungary’s debt burden and fiscal deficits. Despite these reforms, living conditions for the average Hungarian initially deteriorated as inflation increased and unemployment reached double digits. Conditions slowly improved over the 1990s as the reforms came to fruition and export growth accelerated. Economic policies instituted during that decade helped position Hungary to join the European Union in 2004. Hungary has not yet joined the euro-zone. Hungary suffered a historic economic contraction as a result of the global economic slowdown in 2008-09 as export demand and domestic consumption dropped, prompting it to take an IMF-EU financial assistance package.
Since 2010, the government has backpedaled on many economic reforms and taken a more populist approach towards economic management. The government has favored national industries and government-linked businesses through legislation, regulation, and public procurements. In 2011 and 2014, Hungary nationalized private pension funds, which squeezed financial service providers out of the system, but also helped Hungary curb its public debt and lower its budget deficit to below 3% of GDP, as subsequent pension contributions have been channeled into the state-managed pension fund. Hungary’s public debt (at 74.5% of GDP) is still high compared to EU peers in Central Europe. Real GDP growth has been robust in the past few years due to increased EU funding, higher EU demand for Hungarian exports, and a rebound in domestic household consumption. To further boost household consumption ahead of the 2018 election, the government embarked on a six-year phased increase to minimum wages and public sector salaries, decreased taxes on foodstuffs and services, cut the personal income tax from 16% to 15%, and implemented a uniform 9% business tax for small and medium-sized enterprises and large companies. Real GDP growth slowed in 2016 due to a cyclical decrease in EU funding, but increased to 3.8% in 2017 as the government pre-financed EU funded projects ahead of the 2018 election.
Systemic economic challenges include pervasive corruption, labor shortages driven by demographic declines and migration, widespread poverty in rural areas, vulnerabilities to changes in demand for exports, and a heavy reliance on Russian energy imports.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$321.869 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$307.778 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$291.995 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "4.58% (2019 est.)" @@ -645,6 +663,21 @@ "text": "4.45% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$32,945 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$31,485 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$29,832 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$163.251 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "3.3% (2019 est.)" @@ -667,44 +700,6 @@ "text": "BBB (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$321.869 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$307.778 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$291.995 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$163.251 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$32,945 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$31,485 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$29,832 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "27.8% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "26.9% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "24.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "3.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -736,20 +731,6 @@ "text": "-82.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "73.4 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "88.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "100 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "71 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "maize, wheat, milk, sunflower seed, barley, rapeseed, sugar beet, apples, pork, grapes" }, @@ -808,9 +789,6 @@ "text": "64.7 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "44.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)", "note": "note: Hungary has been under the EU Excessive Deficit Procedure since it joined the EU in 2004; in March 2012, the EU elevated its Excessive Deficit Procedure against Hungary and proposed freezing 30% of the country's Cohesion Funds because 2011 deficit reductions were not achieved in a sustainable manner; in June 2012, the EU lifted the freeze, recognizing that steps had been taken to reduce the deficit; the Hungarian deficit increased above 3% both in 2013 and in 2014 due to sluggish growth and the government's fiscal tightening" @@ -824,6 +802,9 @@ }, "note": "note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and national, state, and local government and social security funds." }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "44.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/ic.json b/europe/ic.json index 1f421edb..f9400b65 100644 --- a/europe/ic.json +++ b/europe/ic.json @@ -244,6 +244,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.96 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -307,6 +310,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "21.9% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "7.7% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -520,10 +526,10 @@ "text": "unicameral Althingi or Parliament (63 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 28 October 2017 (next to be held in 2021)" + "text": "last held on 25 September 2021 (next to be held in 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - IP 25.2%, LGM 16.9%, SDA 12.1%, CP 10.9%, PP 10.7%, Pirate Party 9.2%, People's Party 6.9%, Reform Party 6.7%. other 1.5%; seats by party - IP 16, LGM 11, SDA 7, CP 7, PP 8, Pirate Party 6, Reform Party 4, People's Party 4" + "text": "percent of vote by party - IP 24.4%, PP 17.3%, LGM 12.6%, SDA 9.9%, People's Party 8.8%, Pirate Party 8.6%, Reform Party 8.3%. CP 5.4%, other 4.7%; seats by party - IP 16, PP 13, LGM 8, SDA 6, People's Party 6, Pirate Party 6, Reform Party 5, CP 3
" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -538,7 +544,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Centrist Party (Midflokkurinn) or CP [Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON]Centrist Party (Midflokkurinn) or CP [Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON]
Independence Party (Sjalfstaedisflokkurinn) or IP [Bjarni BENEDIKTSSON]
Left-Green Movement (Vinstrihreyfingin-graent frambod) or LGM [Katrin JAKOBSDOTTIR]
People's Party (Flokkur Folksins) [Inga SAELAND]
Pirate Party (Piratar) [Halldora MOGENSEN]
Progressive Party (Framsoknarflokkurinn) or PP [Sigurdur Ingi JOHANNSSON]
Reform Party (Vidreisn) [Thorgerdur Katrin GUNNARSDOTTIR]
Social Democratic Alliance (Samfylkingin) or SDA [Logi Mar EINARSSON]
Iceland's economy combines a capitalist structure and free-market principles with an extensive welfare system. Except for a brief period during the 2008 crisis, Iceland has in recent years achieved high growth, low unemployment, and a remarkably even distribution of income. Iceland's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries in the last decade, particularly within the fields of tourism, software production, and biotechnology. Abundant geothermal and hydropower sources have attracted substantial foreign investment in the aluminum sector, boosted economic growth, and sparked some interest from high-tech firms looking to establish data centers using cheap green energy.
Tourism, aluminum smelting, and fishing are the pillars of the economy. For decades the Icelandic economy depended heavily on fisheries, but tourism has now surpassed fishing and aluminum as Iceland’s main export industry. Tourism accounted for 8.6% of Iceland’s GDP in 2016, and 39% of total exports of merchandise and services. From 2010 to 2017, the number of tourists visiting Iceland increased by nearly 400%. Since 2010, tourism has become a main driver of Icelandic economic growth, with the number of tourists reaching 4.5 times the Icelandic population in 2016. Iceland remains sensitive to fluctuations in world prices for its main exports, and to fluctuations in the exchange rate of the Icelandic Krona.
Following the privatization of the banking sector in the early 2000s, domestic banks expanded aggressively in foreign markets, and consumers and businesses borrowed heavily in foreign currencies. Worsening global financial conditions throughout 2008 resulted in a sharp depreciation of the krona vis-a-vis other major currencies. The foreign exposure of Icelandic banks, whose loans and other assets totaled nearly nine times the country's GDP, became unsustainable. Iceland's three largest banks collapsed in late 2008. GDP fell 6.8% in 2009, and unemployment peaked at 9.4% in February 2009. Three new banks were established to take over the domestic assets of the collapsed banks. Two of them have majority ownership by the state, which intends to re-privatize them.
Since the collapse of Iceland's financial sector, government economic priorities have included stabilizing the krona, implementing capital controls, reducing Iceland's high budget deficit, containing inflation, addressing high household debt, restructuring the financial sector, and diversifying the economy. Capital controls were lifted in March 2017, but some financial protections, such as reserve requirements for specified investments connected to new inflows of foreign currency, remain in place.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$20.187 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$19.807 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$19.08 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "1.94% (2019 est.)" @@ -614,6 +632,21 @@ "text": "4.57% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$55,874 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$56,158 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$55,562 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$24.614 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "3% (2019 est.)" @@ -636,44 +669,6 @@ "text": "A (2017)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$20.187 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$19.807 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$19.08 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$24.614 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$55,874 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$56,158 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$55,562 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "26% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "21% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "23.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "5.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -705,20 +700,6 @@ "text": "-42.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "79 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "90.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "86.7 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "69.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, mutton, poultry, potatoes, barley, pork, eggs, beef, other meat, sheep skins" }, @@ -777,9 +758,6 @@ "text": "10.02 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "42.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -791,6 +769,9 @@ "text": "51.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "42.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/im.json b/europe/im.json index 222e0326..2f415ae6 100644 --- a/europe/im.json +++ b/europe/im.json @@ -218,6 +218,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.9 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -226,6 +229,9 @@ "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -235,6 +241,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -388,12 +397,11 @@ "text": "bicameral Tynwald or the High Court of Tynwald consists of:Legislative Council - composition - men 6, women 5; percent of women 45.5%
House of Keys - percent of vote by party - Liberal Vannin 5.3%, Manx Labour Prty 5.1%, Green Party 3.3% independent 86.3%; seats by party - independent 21; Manx Labour Party 2, Liberal Vannin 1, Green Party 0; composition – men 14, women 10, percent of women 41.7%
" + } }, "Judicial branch": { "highest courts": { @@ -407,7 +415,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Liberal Vannin Party [Kate BEECROFT]Green Party [Andrew LANGAN-NEWTON]
Liberal Vannin Party [Lawrie HOOPER]
Manx Labor Party [Joney FARAGHER]
Mec Vannin [Mark KERMODE] (sometimes referred to as the Manx Nationalist Party)
Italy’s economy comprises a developed industrial north, dominated by private companies, and a less-developed, highly subsidized, agricultural south, with a legacy of unemployment and underdevelopment. The Italian economy is driven in large part by the manufacture of high-quality consumer goods produced by small and medium-sized enterprises, many of them family-owned. Italy also has a sizable underground economy, which by some estimates accounts for as much as 17% of GDP. These activities are most common within the agriculture, construction, and service sectors.
Italy is the third-largest economy in the euro zone, but its exceptionally high public debt and structural impediments to growth have rendered it vulnerable to scrutiny by financial markets. Public debt has increased steadily since 2007, reaching 131% of GDP in 2017. Investor concerns about Italy and the broader euro-zone crisis eased in 2013, bringing down Italy's borrowing costs on sovereign government debt from euro-era records. The government still faces pressure from investors and European partners to sustain its efforts to address Italy's longstanding structural economic problems, including labor market inefficiencies, a sluggish judicial system, and a weak banking sector. Italy’s economy returned to modest growth in late 2014 for the first time since 2011. In 2015-16, Italy’s economy grew at about 1% each year, and in 2017 growth accelerated to 1.5% of GDP. In 2017, overall unemployment was 11.4%, but youth unemployment remained high at 37.1%. GDP growth is projected to slow slightly in 2018.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$2,562,135,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$2,553,384,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$2,529,503,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "0.34% (2019 est.)" @@ -659,6 +674,21 @@ "text": "1.73% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$42,492 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$42,259 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$41,785 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2,002,763,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.6% (2019 est.)" @@ -681,44 +711,6 @@ "text": "BBB (2017)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$2,562,135,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$2,553,384,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$2,529,503,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2,002,763,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$42,492 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$42,259 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$41,785 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "21% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "21% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "20.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -750,20 +742,6 @@ "text": "-28.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "72.9 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "86.8 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "100 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "53.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, grapes, wheat, maize, tomatoes, apples, olives, sugar beet, oranges, rice" }, @@ -822,9 +800,6 @@ "text": "948.1 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "46.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -837,6 +812,9 @@ }, "note": "note: Italy reports its data on public debt according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty; general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year, in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises central, state, and local government and social security funds" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "46.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1207,7 +1185,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "3,000 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 566,393 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" + "note": "note: 567,404 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; money laundering by organized crime and from smuggling" diff --git a/europe/je.json b/europe/je.json index ff321e53..500c5ff3 100644 --- a/europe/je.json +++ b/europe/je.json @@ -234,6 +234,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.66 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 94.2% of population" @@ -243,6 +246,9 @@ }, "note": "note: includes data for Guernsey" }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 98.5% of population" @@ -260,6 +266,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" } @@ -451,19 +460,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Jersey's economy is based on international financial services, agriculture, and tourism. In 2016, the financial services sector accounted for about 41% of the island's output. Agriculture represented about 1% of Jersey’s economy in 2016. Potatoes are an important export crop, shipped mostly to the UK. The Jersey breed of dairy cattle originated on the island and is known worldwide. The dairy industry remains important to the island with approximately $8.8 million gallons of milk produced in 2015. Tourism accounts for a significant portion of Jersey’s economy, with more than 700,000 total visitors in 2015. Living standards come close to those of the UK. All raw material and energy requirements are imported as well as a large share of Jersey's food needs. Light taxes and death duties make the island a popular offshore financial center. Jersey maintains its relationship with the EU through the UK. Therefore, in light of the UK’s decision to leave the EU, Jersey will also need to renegotiate its ties to the EU." }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "1% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "10.7% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2006": { - "text": "3.7% (2006)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2016": { "text": "$5.569 billion (2016 est.)" @@ -476,8 +472,13 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$5.004 billion (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "1% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "10.7% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2016": { @@ -487,6 +488,14 @@ "text": "$49,500 (2015 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$5.004 billion (2015 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2006": { + "text": "3.7% (2006)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2% (2010)" @@ -556,12 +565,12 @@ "text": "851 million (2005)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.6% (of GDP) (2005)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.4% (of GDP) (2005)" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "16.6% (of GDP) (2005)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, diff --git a/europe/jn.json b/europe/jn.json index ec2e1603..f322dfee 100644 --- a/europe/jn.json +++ b/europe/jn.json @@ -90,6 +90,38 @@ "Population": { "text": "no indigenous inhabitants", "note": "note: military personnel operate the the weather and coastal services radio station" + }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "15-24 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "25-54 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "55-64 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { diff --git a/europe/kv.json b/europe/kv.json index 19e871e7..5227df5e 100644 --- a/europe/kv.json +++ b/europe/kv.json @@ -214,6 +214,12 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.92 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -223,6 +229,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -477,28 +486,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Kosovo's economy has shown progress in transitioning to a market-based system and maintaining macroeconomic stability, but it is still highly dependent on the international community and the diaspora for financial and technical assistance. Remittances from the diaspora - located mainly in Germany, Switzerland, and the Nordic countries - are estimated to account for about 17% of GDP and international donor assistance accounts for approximately 10% of GDP. With international assistance, Kosovo has been able to privatize a majority of its state-owned enterprises.
Kosovo's citizens are the second poorest in Europe, after Moldova, with a per capita GDP (PPP) of $10,400 in 2017. An unemployment rate of 33%, and a youth unemployment rate near 60%, in a country where the average age is 26, encourages emigration and fuels a significant informal, unreported economy. Most of Kosovo's population lives in rural towns outside of the capital, Pristina. Inefficient, near-subsistence farming is common - the result of small plots, limited mechanization, and a lack of technical expertise. Kosovo enjoys lower labor costs than the rest of the region. However, high levels of corruption, little contract enforcement, and unreliable electricity supply have discouraged potential investors. The official currency of Kosovo is the euro, but the Serbian dinar is also used illegally in Serb majority communities. Kosovo's tie to the euro has helped keep core inflation low.
Minerals and metals production - including lignite, lead, zinc, nickel, chrome, aluminum, magnesium, and a wide variety of construction materials - once the backbone of industry, has declined because of aging equipment and insufficient investment, problems exacerbated by competing and unresolved ownership claims of Kosovo’s largest mines. A limited and unreliable electricity supply is a major impediment to economic development. The US Government is cooperating with the Ministry of Economic Development (MED) and the World Bank to conclude a commercial tender for the construction of Kosovo C, a new lignite-fired power plant that would leverage Kosovo’s large lignite reserves. MED also has plans for the rehabilitation of an older bituminous-fired power plant, Kosovo B, and the development of a coal mine that could supply both plants.
In June 2009, Kosovo joined the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, the Central Europe Free Trade Area (CEFTA) in 2006, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 2012, and the Council of Europe Development Bank in 2013. In 2016, Kosovo implemented the Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) negotiations with the EU, focused on trade liberalization. In 2014, nearly 60% of customs duty-eligible imports into Kosovo were EU goods. In August 2015, as part of its EU-facilitated normalization process with Serbia, Kosovo signed agreements on telecommunications and energy distribution, but disagreements over who owns economic assets, such as the Trepca mining conglomerate, within Kosovo continue.
Kosovo experienced its first federal budget deficit in 2012, when government expenditures climbed sharply. In May 2014, the government introduced a 25% salary increase for public sector employees and an equal increase in certain social benefits. Central revenues could not sustain these increases, and the government was forced to reduce its planned capital investments. The government, led by Prime Minister MUSTAFA - a trained economist - recently made several changes to its fiscal policy, expanding the list of duty-free imports, decreasing the Value Added Tax (VAT) for basic food items and public utilities, and increasing the VAT for all other goods.
While Kosovo’s economy continued to make progress, unemployment has not been reduced, nor living standards raised, due to lack of economic reforms and investment.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "4.1% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "4.1% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { - "text": "2.6% (2019 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { - "text": "1% (2018 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$20.396 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -511,8 +498,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$7.926 billion (2019 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "3.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "4.1% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "4.1% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -526,15 +521,18 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2016 US dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "24.4% of GDP (2019 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$7.926 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { + "text": "2.6% (2019 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "20.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2018": { + "text": "1% (2018 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "22.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -568,20 +566,6 @@ "text": "-53.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "73.2 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "95.9 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "94.2 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "64.7 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "wheat, corn, berries, potatoes, peppers, fruit; dairy, livestock; fish" }, @@ -642,9 +626,6 @@ "text": "2.203 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -656,6 +637,9 @@ "text": "19.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "29% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Current account balance": { "Current account balance 2017": { "text": "-$467 million (2017 est.)" diff --git a/europe/lg.json b/europe/lg.json index 6847b6a7..69047a7c 100644 --- a/europe/lg.json +++ b/europe/lg.json @@ -252,6 +252,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.54 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 98.8% of population" @@ -321,6 +324,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "23.6% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.4% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -642,6 +648,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Latvia is a small, open economy with exports contributing more than half of GDP. Due to its geographical location, transit services are highly-developed, along with timber and wood-processing, agriculture and food products, and manufacturing of machinery and electronics industries. Corruption continues to be an impediment to attracting foreign direct investment and Latvia's low birth rate and decreasing population are major challenges to its long-term economic vitality.
Latvia's economy experienced GDP growth of more than 10% per year during 2006-07, but entered a severe recession in 2008 as a result of an unsustainable current account deficit and large debt exposure amid the slowing world economy. Triggered by the collapse of the second largest bank, GDP plunged by more than 14% in 2009 and, despite strong growth since 2011, the economy took until 2017 return to pre-crisis levels in real terms. Strong investment and consumption, the latter stoked by rising wages, helped the economy grow by more than 4% in 2017, while inflation rose to 3%. Continued gains in competitiveness and investment will be key to maintaining economic growth, especially in light of unfavorable demographic trends, including the emigration of skilled workers, and one of the highest levels of income inequality in the EU.
In the wake of the 2008-09 crisis, the IMF, EU, and other international donors provided substantial financial assistance to Latvia as part of an agreement to defend the currency's peg to the euro in exchange for the government's commitment to stringent austerity measures. The IMF/EU program successfully concluded in December 2011, although, the austerity measures imposed large social costs. The majority of companies, banks, and real estate have been privatized, although the state still holds sizable stakes in a few large enterprises, including 80% ownership of the Latvian national airline. Latvia officially joined the World Trade Organization in February 1999 and the EU in May 2004. Latvia also joined the euro zone in 2014 and the OECD in 2016.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$59.102 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$57.912 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$55.672 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.08% (2019 est.)" @@ -653,6 +671,21 @@ "text": "3.23% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$30,898 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$30,050 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$28,664 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$34.084 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.8% (2019 est.)" @@ -675,44 +708,6 @@ "text": "A+ (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$59.102 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$57.912 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$55.672 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$34.084 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$30,898 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$30,050 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$28,664 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "21.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "23.5% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "23.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "3.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -744,20 +739,6 @@ "text": "-61.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "80.3 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "94.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "95.3 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "73.5 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "wheat, milk, rapeseed, barley, oats, potatoes, rye, beans, pork, poultry" }, @@ -816,9 +797,6 @@ "text": "11.53 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "37.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -831,6 +809,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "37.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/lh.json b/europe/lh.json index c3aa54b4..c3eb0e4a 100644 --- a/europe/lh.json +++ b/europe/lh.json @@ -245,6 +245,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.61 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -314,6 +317,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "26.3% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.8% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -638,6 +644,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "After the country declared independence from the Soviet Union in 1990, Lithuania faced an initial dislocation that is typical during transitions from a planned economy to a free-market economy. Macroeconomic stabilization policies, including privatization of most state-owned enterprises, and a strong commitment to a currency board arrangement led to an open and rapidly growing economy and rising consumer demand. Foreign investment and EU funding aided in the transition. Lithuania joined the WTO in May 2001, the EU in May 2004, and the euro zone in January 2015, and is now working to complete the OECD accession roadmap it received in July 2015. In 2017, joined the OECD Working Group on Bribery, an important step in the OECD accession process.
The Lithuanian economy was severely hit by the 2008-09 global financial crisis, but it has rebounded and become one of the fastest growing in the EU. Increases in exports, investment, and wage growth that supported consumption helped the economy grow by 3.6% in 2017. In 2015, Russia was Lithuania’s largest trading partner, followed by Poland, Germany, and Latvia; goods and services trade between the US and Lithuania totaled $2.2 billion. Lithuania opened a self-financed liquefied natural gas terminal in January 2015, providing the first non-Russian supply of natural gas to the Baltic States and reducing Lithuania’s dependence on Russian gas from 100% to approximately 30% in 2016.
Lithuania’s ongoing recovery hinges on improving the business environment, especially by liberalizing labor laws, and improving competitiveness and export growth, the latter hampered by economic slowdowns in the EU and Russia. In addition, a steady outflow of young and highly educated people is causing a shortage of skilled labor, which, combined with a rapidly aging population, could stress public finances and constrain long-term growth.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$103.756 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$99.442 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$95.675 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "4.33% (2019 est.)" @@ -649,6 +667,21 @@ "text": "4.37% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$37,231 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$35,496 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$33,827 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$54.597 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.3% (2019 est.)" @@ -671,44 +704,6 @@ "text": "A+ (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$103.756 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$99.442 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$95.675 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$54.597 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$37,231 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$35,496 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$33,827 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "20.8% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "20.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "20% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -740,20 +735,6 @@ "text": "-79.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "81.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "93.3 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "97.8 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "78.8 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "wheat, milk, sugar beet, rapeseed, barley, triticale, potatoes, oats, peas, beans" }, @@ -812,9 +793,6 @@ "text": "15.7 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "33.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -827,6 +805,9 @@ }, "note": "note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "33.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/lo.json b/europe/lo.json index 66d14912..4e296094 100644 --- a/europe/lo.json +++ b/europe/lo.json @@ -244,6 +244,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.45 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -305,6 +308,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "20.5% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.9% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -605,6 +611,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Slovakia’s economy suffered from a slow start in the first years after its separation from the Czech Republic in 1993, due to the country’s authoritarian leadership and high levels of corruption, but economic reforms implemented after 1998 have placed Slovakia on a path of strong growth. With a population of 5.4 million, the Slovak Republic has a small, open economy driven mainly by automobile and electronics exports, which account for more than 80% of GDP. Slovakia joined the EU in 2004 and the euro zone in 2009. The country’s banking sector is sound and predominantly foreign owned.
Slovakia has been a regional FDI champion for several years, attractive due to a relatively low-cost yet skilled labor force, and a favorable geographic location in the heart of Central Europe. Exports and investment have been key drivers of Slovakia’s robust growth in recent years. The unemployment rate fell to historical lows in 2017, and rising wages fueled increased consumption, which played a more prominent role in 2017 GDP growth. A favorable outlook for the Eurozone suggests continued strong growth prospects for Slovakia during the next few years, although inflation is also expected to pick up.
Among the most pressing domestic issues potentially threatening the attractiveness of the Slovak market are shortages in the qualified labor force, persistent corruption issues, and an inadequate judiciary, as well as a slow transition to an innovation-based economy. The energy sector in particular is characterized by unpredictable regulatory oversight and high costs, in part driven by government interference in regulated tariffs. Moreover, the government’s attempts to maintain low household energy prices could harm the profitability of domestic energy firms while undercutting energy efficiency initiatives.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$178.513 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$174.47 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$168.134 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.4% (2019 est.)" @@ -616,6 +634,21 @@ "text": "3.04% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$32,730 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$32,032 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$30,911 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$105.388 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.6% (2019 est.)" @@ -638,44 +671,6 @@ "text": "A+ (2015)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$178.513 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$174.47 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$168.134 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$105.388 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$32,730 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$32,032 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$30,911 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "21.3% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "22.5% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "21.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "3.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -707,20 +702,6 @@ "text": "-92.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "75.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "84.8 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "100 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "66.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "wheat, maize, sugar beet, milk, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, sunflower seed, soybeans, pork" }, @@ -779,9 +760,6 @@ "text": "38.79 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -794,6 +772,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general Government Gross Debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities, including sub-sectors of central, state, local government, and social security funds" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "39.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/ls.json b/europe/ls.json index 4c3df99e..ad3b83c7 100644 --- a/europe/ls.json +++ b/europe/ls.json @@ -225,6 +225,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.69 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -233,6 +236,9 @@ "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 98% of population" @@ -250,6 +256,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.6% of GDP (2011)" }, @@ -503,6 +512,17 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Despite its small size and lack of natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial services sector and one of the highest per capita income levels in the world. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small and medium-sized businesses, particularly in the services sector. Low business taxes - a flat tax of 12.5% on income is applied - and easy incorporation rules have induced many holding companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues.
The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between the European Free Trade Association and the EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated EU. As of 2015, 54% of Liechtenstein’s workforce consisted of cross-border commuters, largely from Austria, Germany, and Switzerland.
Since 2008, Liechtenstein has faced renewed international pressure - particularly from Germany and the US - to improve transparency in its banking and tax systems. In December 2008, Liechtenstein signed a Tax Information Exchange Agreement with the US. Upon Liechtenstein's conclusion of 12 bilateral information-sharing agreements, the OECD in October 2009 removed the principality from its \"grey list\" of countries that had yet to implement the organization's Model Tax Convention. By the end of 2010, Liechtenstein had signed 25 Tax Information Exchange Agreements or Double Tax Agreements. In 2011, Liechtenstein joined the Schengen area, which allows passport-free travel across 26 European countries. In 2015, Liechtenstein and the EU agreed to clamp down on tax fraud and evasion and in 2018 will start automatically exchanging information on the bank accounts of each other’s residents.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": { + "text": "$4.978 billion (2014 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2009": { + "text": "$3.2 billion (2009 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2008": { + "text": "$3.216 billion (2008 est.)" + } + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2012": { "text": "1.8% (2012 est.)" @@ -514,6 +534,20 @@ "text": "3.1% (2007 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2009": { + "text": "$139,100 (2009 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2008": { + "text": "$90,100 (2008 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2007": { + "text": "$91,300 (2007 est.)" + } + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$6.672 billion (2014 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { "text": "-0.4% (2016 est.)" @@ -527,31 +561,6 @@ "text": "AAA (1996)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": { - "text": "$4.978 billion (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2009": { - "text": "$3.2 billion (2009 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2008": { - "text": "$3.216 billion (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$6.672 billion (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2009": { - "text": "$139,100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2008": { - "text": "$90,100 (2008 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2007": { - "text": "$91,300 (2007 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "7% (2014)" @@ -563,20 +572,6 @@ "text": "52% (2014)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "64.8 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "73 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "96.1 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "59.8 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products" }, @@ -628,12 +623,12 @@ "text": "890.4 million (2011 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "14.9% (of GDP) (2012 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.6% (of GDP) (2012 est.)" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "14.9% (of GDP) (2012 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/lu.json b/europe/lu.json index 99c76c91..95520a9b 100644 --- a/europe/lu.json +++ b/europe/lu.json @@ -239,6 +239,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.63 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -300,6 +303,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "22.6% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.6% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -596,6 +602,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "This small, stable, high-income economy has historically featured solid growth, low inflation, and low unemployment. Luxembourg, the only Grand Duchy in the world, is a landlocked country in northwestern Europe surrounded by Belgium, France, and Germany. Despite its small landmass and small population, Luxembourg is the fifth-wealthiest country in the world when measured on a gross domestic product (PPP) per capita basis. Luxembourg has one of the highest current account surpluses as a share of GDP in the euro zone, and it maintains a healthy budgetary position, with a 2017 surplus of 0.5% of GDP, and the lowest public debt level in the region.
Since 2002, Luxembourg’s government has proactively implemented policies and programs to support economic diversification and to attract foreign direct investment. The government focused on key innovative industries that showed promise for supporting economic growth: logistics, information and communications technology (ICT); health technologies, including biotechnology and biomedical research; clean energy technologies, and more recently, space technology and financial services technologies. The economy has evolved and flourished, posting strong GDP growth of 3.4% in 2017, far outpacing the European average of 1.8%.
Luxembourg remains a financial powerhouse – the financial sector accounts for more than 35% of GDP - because of the exponential growth of the investment fund sector through the launch and development of cross-border funds (UCITS) in the 1990s. Luxembourg is the world’s second-largest investment fund asset domicile, after the US, with $4 trillion of assets in custody in financial institutions.
Luxembourg has lost some of its advantage as a favorable tax location because of OECD and EU pressure, as well as the \"LuxLeaks\" scandal, which revealed advantageous tax treatments offered to foreign corporations. In 2015, the government’s compliance with EU requirements to implement automatic exchange of tax information on savings accounts - thus ending banking secrecy - has constricted banking activity. Likewise, changes to the way EU members collect taxes from e-commerce has cut Luxembourg’s sales tax revenues, requiring the government to raise additional levies and to reduce some direct social benefits as part of the tax reform package of 2017. The tax reform package also included reductions in the corporate tax rate and increases in deductions for families, both intended to increase purchasing power and increase competitiveness.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$70.966 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$69.373 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$67.28 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.31% (2019 est.)" @@ -607,6 +625,21 @@ "text": "1.81% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$114,482 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$114,110 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$112,823 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$71.089 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -629,44 +662,6 @@ "text": "AAA (1994)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$70.966 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$69.373 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$67.28 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$71.089 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$114,482 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$114,110 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$112,823 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "16.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "17.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "17.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -698,20 +693,6 @@ "text": "-194% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "69.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "88.8 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "100 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "73.3 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, wheat, barley, triticale, potatoes, pork, beef, grapes, rapeseed, oats" }, @@ -771,9 +752,6 @@ "text": "26.8 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "44.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -786,6 +764,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "44.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index e60359d4..93c64d5e 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -652,6 +652,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Montenegro's economy is transitioning to a market system. Around 90% of Montenegrin state-owned companies have been privatized, including 100% of banking, telecommunications, and oil distribution. Tourism, which accounts for more than 20% of Montenegro’s GDP, brings in three times as many visitors as Montenegro’s total population every year. Several new luxury tourism complexes are in various stages of development along the coast, and a number are being offered in connection with nearby boating and yachting facilities. In addition to tourism, energy and agriculture are considered two distinct pillars of the economy. Only 20% of Montenegro’s hydropower potential is utilized. Montenegro plans to become a net energy exporter, and the construction of an underwater cable to Italy, which will be completed by the end of 2018, will help meet its goal.
Montenegro uses the euro as its domestic currency, though it is not an official member of the euro zone. In January 2007, Montenegro joined the World Bank and IMF, and in December 2011, the WTO. Montenegro began negotiations to join the EU in 2012, having met the conditions set down by the European Council, which called on Montenegro to take steps to fight corruption and organized crime.
The government recognizes the need to remove impediments in order to remain competitive and open the economy to foreign investors. Net foreign direct investment in 2017 reached $848 million and investment per capita is one of the highest in Europe, due to a low corporate tax rate. The biggest foreign investors in Montenegro in 2017 were Norway, Russia, Italy, Azerbaijan and Hungary.
Montenegro is currently planning major overhauls of its road and rail networks, and possible expansions of its air transportation system. In 2014, the Government of Montenegro selected two Chinese companies to construct a 41 km-long section of the country’s highway system, which will become part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Cheaper borrowing costs have stimulated Montenegro’s growing debt, which currently sits at 65.9% of GDP, with a forecast, absent fiscal consolidation, to increase to 80% once the repayment to China’s Ex/Im Bank of a €800 million highway loan begins in 2019. Montenegro first instituted a value-added tax (VAT) in April 2003, and introduced differentiated VAT rates of 17% and 7% (for tourism) in January 2006. The Montenegrin Government increased the non-tourism Value Added Tax (VAT) rate to 21% as of January 2018, with the goal of reducing its public debt.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$13.357 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$12.835 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$12.215 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "4.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -663,6 +675,21 @@ "text": "3.4% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$21,470 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$20,629 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$19,627 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$5.486 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.3% (2019 est.)" @@ -682,44 +709,6 @@ "text": "B+ (2014)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$13.357 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$12.835 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$12.215 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$5.486 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$21,470 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$20,629 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$19,627 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "16.9% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "14.9% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "14.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "7.5% (2016 est.)" @@ -751,20 +740,6 @@ "text": "-63% (2016 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "73.8 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "86.7 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "91.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "66.8 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, potatoes, grapes, vegetables, tomatoes, watermelons, wheat, apples, cabbages, barley" }, @@ -823,9 +798,6 @@ "text": "2.05 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "37.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-5.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -838,6 +810,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "37.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1159,7 +1134,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "472 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 19,792 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" + "note": "note: 19,887 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/mn.json b/europe/mn.json index 5888b3ed..1961e3f9 100644 --- a/europe/mn.json +++ b/europe/mn.json @@ -227,6 +227,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.52 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -273,6 +276,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -530,22 +536,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The principality also is a banking center and has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas.
The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. Monaco, however, is not a tax-free shelter; it charges nearly 20% value-added tax, collects stamp duties, and companies face a 33% tax on profits unless they can show that three-quarters of profits are generated within the principality. Monaco was formally removed from the OECD's \"grey list\" of uncooperative tax jurisdictions in late 2009, but continues to face international pressure to abandon its banking secrecy laws and help combat tax evasion. In October 2014, Monaco officially became the 84th jurisdiction participating in the OECD’s Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters, an effort to combat offshore tax avoidance and evasion.
Monaco's reliance on tourism and banking for its economic growth has left it vulnerable to downturns in France and other European economies which are the principality's main trade partners. In 2009, Monaco's GDP fell by 11.5% as the euro-zone crisis precipitated a sharp drop in tourism and retail activity and home sales. A modest recovery ensued in 2010 and intensified in 2013, with GDP growth of more than 9%, but Monaco's economic prospects remain uncertain.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "5.4% (2015 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "7.2% (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { - "text": "9.6% (2013 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2010": { - "text": "1.5% (2010)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015": { "text": "$7.672 billion (2015 est.)" @@ -558,8 +548,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$6.006 billion (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "5.4% (2015 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { + "text": "7.2% (2014 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { + "text": "9.6% (2013 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2015": { @@ -572,6 +570,14 @@ "text": "$101,900 (2013 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$6.006 billion (2015 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2010": { + "text": "1.5% (2010)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0% (2013)" @@ -631,12 +637,12 @@ "text": "953.6 million (2011 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "14.9% (of GDP) (2011 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2011 est.)" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "14.9% (of GDP) (2011 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/mt.json b/europe/mt.json index 755f7053..25308c8f 100644 --- a/europe/mt.json +++ b/europe/mt.json @@ -244,6 +244,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.5 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -305,6 +308,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "28.9% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.8% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -612,6 +618,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Malta’s free market economy – the smallest economy in the euro-zone – relies heavily on trade in both goods and services, principally with Europe. Malta produces less than a quarter of its food needs, has limited fresh water supplies, and has few domestic energy sources. Malta's economy is dependent on foreign trade, manufacturing, and tourism. Malta joined the EU in 2004 and adopted the euro on 1 January 2008.
Malta has weathered the euro-zone crisis better than most EU member states due to a low debt-to-GDP ratio and financially sound banking sector. It maintains one of the lowest unemployment rates in Europe, and growth has fully recovered since the 2009 recession. In 2014 through 2016, Malta led the euro zone in growth, expanding more than 4.5% per year.
Malta’s services sector continues to grow, with sustained growth in the financial services and online gaming sectors. Advantageous tax schemes remained attractive to foreign investors, though EU discussions of anti-tax avoidance measures have raised concerns among Malta’s financial services and insurance providers, as the measures could have a significant impact on those sectors. The tourism sector also continued to grow, with 2016 showing record-breaking numbers of both air and cruise passenger arrivals.
Malta’s GDP growth remains strong and is supported by a strong labor market. The government has implemented new programs, including free childcare, to encourage increased labor participation. The high cost of borrowing and small labor market remain potential constraints to future economic growth. Increasingly, other EU and European migrants are relocating to Malta for employment, though wages have remained low compared to other European countries. Inflation remains low.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$22.133 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$21.095 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$20.056 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "4.94% (2019 est.)" @@ -623,6 +641,21 @@ "text": "8.03% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$44,032 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$43,528 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$42,856 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$14.986 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.6% (2019 est.)" @@ -645,44 +678,6 @@ "text": "A- (2016)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$22.133 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$21.095 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$20.056 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$14.986 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$44,032 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$43,528 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$42,856 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "27.5% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "28.6% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "27.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -714,20 +709,6 @@ "text": "-117.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "66.1 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "88.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "88.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "67.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, tomatoes, potatoes, onions, cauliflowers, broccoli, eggplants, pork, cabbages, poultry" }, @@ -786,9 +767,6 @@ "text": "4.583 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "40.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "3.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -801,6 +779,9 @@ }, "note": "note: Malta reports public debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of the year, according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty for general government gross debt; the data include the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); general government comprises the central, state, and local governments, and social security funds" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "40.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/nl.json b/europe/nl.json index b13e89bd..3ae56078 100644 --- a/europe/nl.json +++ b/europe/nl.json @@ -319,6 +319,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "20.4% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.2% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -628,6 +631,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The Netherlands, the sixth-largest economy in the European Union, plays an important role as a European transportation hub, with a consistently high trade surplus, stable industrial relations, and low unemployment. Industry focuses on food processing, chemicals, petroleum refining, and electrical machinery. A highly mechanized agricultural sector employs only 2% of the labor force but provides large surpluses for food-processing and underpins the country’s status as the world’s second largest agricultural exporter.
The Netherlands is part of the euro zone, and as such, its monetary policy is controlled by the European Central Bank. The Dutch financial sector is highly concentrated, with four commercial banks possessing over 80% of banking assets, and is four times the size of Dutch GDP.
In 2008, during the financial crisis, the government budget deficit hit 5.3% of GDP. Following a protracted recession from 2009 to 2013, during which unemployment doubled to 7.4% and household consumption contracted for four consecutive years, economic growth began inching forward in 2014. Since 2010, Prime Minister Mark RUTTE’s government has implemented significant austerity measures to improve public finances and has instituted broad structural reforms in key policy areas, including the labor market, the housing sector, the energy market, and the pension system. In 2017, the government budget returned to a surplus of 0.7% of GDP, with economic growth of 3.2%, and GDP per capita finally surpassed pre-crisis levels. The fiscal policy announced by the new government in the 2018-2021 coalition plans for increases in government consumption and public investment, fueling domestic demand and household consumption and investment. The new government’s policy also plans to increase demand for workers in the public and private sector, forecasting a further decline in the unemployment rate, which hit 4.8% in 2017.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$986.847 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$970.567 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$948.181 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "1.63% (2019 est.)" @@ -639,6 +654,21 @@ "text": "3.02% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$56,935 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$56,325 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$55,348 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$907.042 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.6% (2019 est.)" @@ -661,44 +691,6 @@ "text": "AAA (2015)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$986.847 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$970.567 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$948.181 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$907.042 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$56,935 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$56,325 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$55,348 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "31.2% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "31.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "31.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -730,20 +722,6 @@ "text": "-72.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "76.1 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "94.3 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "100 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "59.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, potatoes, sugar beet, pork, onions, wheat, poultry, tomatoes, carrots/turnips, beef" }, @@ -802,9 +780,6 @@ "text": "352.4 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "43.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -817,6 +792,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "43.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/no.json b/europe/no.json index d477d51d..d59e6f0e 100644 --- a/europe/no.json +++ b/europe/no.json @@ -257,6 +257,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.84 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -319,6 +322,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "23.1% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "7.9% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -619,6 +625,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Norway has a stable economy with a vibrant private sector, a large state sector, and an extensive social safety net. Norway opted out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994. However, as a member of the European Economic Area, Norway partially participates in the EU’s single market and contributes sizably to the EU budget.
The country is richly endowed with natural resources such as oil and gas, fish, forests, and minerals. Norway is a leading producer and the world’s second largest exporter of seafood, after China. The government manages the country’s petroleum resources through extensive regulation. The petroleum sector provides about 9% of jobs, 12% of GDP, 13% of the state’s revenue, and 37% of exports, according to official national estimates. Norway is one of the world's leading petroleum exporters, although oil production is close to 50% below its peak in 2000. Gas production, conversely, has more than doubled since 2000. Although oil production is historically low, it rose in 2016 for the third consecutive year due to the higher production of existing oil fields and to new fields coming on stream. Norway’s domestic electricity production relies almost entirely on hydropower.
In anticipation of eventual declines in oil and gas production, Norway saves state revenue from petroleum sector activities in the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, valued at over $1 trillion at the end of 2017. To help balance the federal budget each year, the government follows a \"fiscal rule,\" which states that spending of revenues from petroleum and fund investments shall correspond to the expected real rate of return on the fund, an amount it estimates is sustainable over time. In February 2017, the government revised the expected rate of return for the fund downward from 4% to 3%.
After solid GDP growth in the 2004-07 period, the economy slowed in 2008, and contracted in 2009, before returning to modest, positive growth from 2010 to 2017. The Norwegian economy has been adjusting to lower energy prices, as demonstrated by growth in labor force participation and employment in 2017. GDP growth was about 1.5% in 2017, driven largely by domestic demand, which has been boosted by the rebound in the labor market and supportive fiscal policies. Economic growth is expected to remain constant or improve slightly in the next few years.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$340.303 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$336.418 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$332.135 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "0.86% (2019 est.)" @@ -630,6 +648,21 @@ "text": "2.75% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$63,633 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$63,333 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$62,941 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$405.695 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.1% (2019 est.)" @@ -652,44 +685,6 @@ "text": "AAA (1975)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$340.303 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$336.418 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$332.135 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$405.695 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$63,633 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$63,333 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$62,941 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "33.3% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "35.9% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "34.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -721,20 +716,6 @@ "text": "-33.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "82.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "94.3 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "97 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "81.3 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, barley, wheat, potatoes, oats, pork, poultry, beef, eggs, rye" }, @@ -793,9 +774,6 @@ "text": "199.5 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "54.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "4.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -808,6 +786,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "54.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index 3e68d5e5..e29fa401 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -654,6 +654,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Serbia has a transitional economy largely dominated by market forces, but the state sector remains significant in certain areas. The economy relies on manufacturing and exports, driven largely by foreign investment. MILOSEVIC-era mismanagement of the economy, an extended period of international economic sanctions, civil war, and the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry during the NATO airstrikes in 1999 left the economy worse off than it was in 1990. In 2015, Serbia’s GDP was 27.5% below where it was in 1989.
After former Federal Yugoslav President MILOSEVIC was ousted in September 2000, the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) coalition government implemented stabilization measures and embarked on a market reform program. Serbia renewed its membership in the IMF in December 2000 and rejoined the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Serbia has made progress in trade liberalization and enterprise restructuring and privatization, but many large enterprises - including the power utilities, telecommunications company, natural gas company, and others - remain state-owned. Serbia has made some progress towards EU membership, gaining candidate status in March 2012. In January 2014, Serbia's EU accession talks officially opened and, as of December 2017, Serbia had opened 12 negotiating chapters including one on foreign trade. Serbia's negotiations with the WTO are advanced, with the country's complete ban on the trade and cultivation of agricultural biotechnology products representing the primary remaining obstacle to accession. Serbia maintains a three-year Stand-by Arrangement with the IMF worth approximately $1.3 billion that is scheduled to end in February 2018. The government has shown progress implementing economic reforms, such as fiscal consolidation, privatization, and reducing public spending.
Unemployment in Serbia, while relatively low (16% in 2017) compared with its Balkan neighbors, remains significantly above the European average. Serbia is slowly implementing structural economic reforms needed to ensure the country's long-term prosperity. Serbia reduced its budget deficit to 1.7% of GDP and its public debt to 71% of GDP in 2017. Public debt had more than doubled between 2008 and 2015. Serbia's concerns about inflation and exchange-rate stability preclude the use of expansionary monetary policy.
Major economic challenges ahead include: stagnant household incomes; the need for private sector job creation; structural reforms of state-owned companies; strategic public sector reforms; and the need for new foreign direct investment. Other serious longer-term challenges include an inefficient judicial system, high levels of corruption, and an aging population. Factors favorable to Serbia's economic growth include the economic reforms it is undergoing as part of its EU accession process and IMF agreement, its strategic location, a relatively inexpensive and skilled labor force, and free trade agreements with the EU, Russia, Turkey, and countries that are members of the Central European Free Trade Agreement.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$126.625 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$121.464 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$116.239 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "4.18% (2019 est.)" @@ -665,6 +677,21 @@ "text": "2.05% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$18,233 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$17,395 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$16,556 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$51.449 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "-0.1% (2019 est.)" @@ -687,44 +714,6 @@ "text": "BB+ (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$126.625 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$121.464 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$116.239 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$51.449 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$18,233 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$17,395 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$16,556 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "18.2% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "18.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "15.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "9.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -756,20 +745,6 @@ "text": "-61.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "75.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "89.3 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "96.6 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "63.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "maize, wheat, sugar beet, milk, sunflower seed, potatoes, soybeans, plums/sloes, apples, barley" }, @@ -829,9 +804,6 @@ }, "note": "note: data include both central government and local goverment budgets" }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "42.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "0.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -843,6 +815,9 @@ "text": "73.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "42.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Current account balance": { "Current account balance 2017": { "text": "-$2.354 billion (2017 est.)" @@ -1175,7 +1150,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "2,144 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 789,409 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 5,255 migrants and asylum seekers as of May 2021" + "note": "note: 791,850 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 5,255 migrants and asylum seekers as of May 2021" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money laundering" diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index 52c2a999..0b1a12f8 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -255,6 +255,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.38 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -318,6 +321,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "22.5% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.1% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -635,6 +641,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Romania, which joined the EU on 1 January 2007, began the transition from communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial base and a pattern of output unsuited to the country's needs. Romania's macroeconomic gains have only recently started to spur creation of a middle class and to address Romania's widespread poverty. Corruption and red tape continue to permeate the business environment.
In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, Romania signed a $26 billion emergency assistance package from the IMF, the EU, and other international lenders, but GDP contracted until 2011. In March 2011, Romania and the IMF/EU/World Bank signed a 24-month precautionary standby agreement, worth $6.6 billion, to promote fiscal discipline, encourage progress on structural reforms, and strengthen financial sector stability; no funds were drawn. In September 2013, Romanian authorities and the IMF/EU agreed to a follow-on standby agreement, worth $5.4 billion, to continue with reforms. This agreement expired in September 2015, and no funds were drawn. Progress on structural reforms has been uneven, and the economy still is vulnerable to external shocks.
Economic growth rebounded in the 2013-17 period, driven by strong industrial exports, excellent agricultural harvests, and, more recently, expansionary fiscal policies in 2016-2017 that nearly quadrupled Bucharest’s annual fiscal deficit, from +0.8% of GDP in 2015 to -3% of GDP in 2016 and an estimated -3.4% in 2017. Industry outperformed other sectors of the economy in 2017. Exports remained an engine of economic growth, led by trade with the EU, which accounts for roughly 70% of Romania trade. Domestic demand was the major driver, due to tax cuts and large wage increases that began last year and are set to continue in 2018.
An aging population, emigration of skilled labor, significant tax evasion, insufficient health care, and an aggressive loosening of the fiscal package compromise Romania’s long-term growth and economic stability and are the economy's top vulnerabilities.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$579.549 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$556.442 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$532.611 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "4.2% (2019 est.)" @@ -646,6 +664,21 @@ "text": "7.11% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$29,941 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$28,576 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$27,192 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$249.543 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "3.8% (2019 est.)" @@ -668,44 +701,6 @@ "text": "BBB- (2014)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$579.549 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$556.442 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$532.611 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$249.543 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$29,941 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$28,576 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$27,192 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "18.3% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "18.1% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "20.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -737,20 +732,6 @@ "text": "-43.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "73.3 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "87.7 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "100 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "72.2 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "maize, wheat, milk, sunflower seed, potatoes, barley, grapes, sugar beet, rapeseed, plums/sloes" }, @@ -809,9 +790,6 @@ "text": "68.13 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "29.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -824,6 +802,9 @@ }, "note": "note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "29.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1184,7 +1165,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "275 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 8,046 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2021)" + "note": "note: 8,184 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2021)" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "current situation": { diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index cbcb66d9..d9cfd4ce 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -245,6 +245,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.59 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -307,6 +310,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "20.2% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.8% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -623,6 +629,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "With excellent infrastructure, a well-educated work force, and a strategic location between the Balkans and Western Europe, Slovenia has one of the highest per capita GDPs in Central Europe, despite having suffered a protracted recession in the 2008-09 period in the wake of the global financial crisis. Slovenia became the first 2004 EU entrant to adopt the euro (on 1 January 2007) and has experienced a stable political and economic transition.
In March 2004, Slovenia became the first transition country to graduate from borrower status to donor partner at the World Bank. In 2007, Slovenia was invited to begin the process for joining the OECD; it became a member in 2012. From 2014 to 2016, export-led growth, fueled by demand in larger European markets, pushed annual GDP growth above 2.3%. Growth reached 5.0% in 2017 and is projected to near or reach 5% in 2018. What used to be stubbornly high unemployment fell below 5.5% in early 2018, driven by strong exports and increasing consumption that boosted labor demand. Continued fiscal consolidation through increased tax collection and social security contributions will likely result in a balanced government budget in 2019.
Prime Minister CERAR’s government took office in September 2014, pledging to press ahead with commitments to privatize a select group of state-run companies, rationalize public spending, and further stabilize the banking sector. Efforts to privatize Slovenia’s largely state-owned banking sector have largely stalled, however, amid concerns about an ongoing dispute over Yugoslav-era foreign currency deposits.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$81.614 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$79.095 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$75.773 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.4% (2019 est.)" @@ -634,6 +652,21 @@ "text": "5.14% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$39,088 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$38,139 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$36,670 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$54.16 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.6% (2019 est.)" @@ -656,44 +689,6 @@ "text": "AA- (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$81.614 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$79.095 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$75.773 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$54.16 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$39,088 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$38,139 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$36,670 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "26.5% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "27.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "26.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -725,20 +720,6 @@ "text": "-72.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "76.5 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "93 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "100 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "54.8 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, maize, wheat, grapes, barley, potatoes, poultry, apples, beef, pork" }, @@ -797,9 +778,6 @@ "text": "21.06 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "43.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "0% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -812,6 +790,9 @@ }, "note": "note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "43.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/sm.json b/europe/sm.json index e37a1f9a..2a4bd9aa 100644 --- a/europe/sm.json +++ b/europe/sm.json @@ -217,6 +217,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.52 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -251,6 +254,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.6% of GDP (2018)" }, @@ -522,6 +528,15 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "San Marino's economy relies heavily on tourism, banking, and the manufacture and export of ceramics, clothing, fabrics, furniture, paints, spirits, tiles, and wine. The manufacturing and financial sectors account for more than half of San Marino's GDP. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy.
San Marino's economy contracted considerably in the years since 2008, largely due to weakened demand from Italy - which accounts for nearly 90% of its export market - and financial sector consolidation. Difficulties in the banking sector, the global economic downturn, and the sizable decline in tax revenues all contributed to negative real GDP growth. The government adopted measures to counter the downturn, including subsidized credit to businesses and is seeking to shift its growth model away from a reliance on bank and tax secrecy. San Marino does not issue public debt securities; when necessary, it finances deficits by drawing down central bank deposits.
The economy benefits from foreign investment due to its relatively low corporate taxes and low taxes on interest earnings. The income tax rate is also very low, about one-third the average EU level. San Marino continues to work towards harmonizing its fiscal laws with EU and international standards. In September 2009, the OECD removed San Marino from its list of tax havens that have yet to fully adopt global tax standards, and in 2010 San Marino signed Tax Information Exchange Agreements with most major countries. In 2013, the San Marino Government signed a Double Taxation Agreement with Italy, but a referendum on EU membership failed to reach the quorum needed to bring it to a vote.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$2.008 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$1.982 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -533,6 +548,18 @@ "text": "0.6% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$59,439 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$58,867 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1.643 billion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "1% (2017 est.)" @@ -546,27 +573,6 @@ "text": "BB+ (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$2.008 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$1.982 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.643 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$59,439 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$58,867 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.1% (2009)" @@ -598,20 +604,6 @@ "text": "-153.3% (2011)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "64.2 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "87.3 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "97.5 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "59.2 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides" }, @@ -662,9 +654,6 @@ "text": "715.3 million (2011 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "40.6% (of GDP) (2011 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.9% (of GDP) (2011 est.)" }, @@ -676,6 +665,9 @@ "text": "22.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "40.6% (of GDP) (2011 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index e829b66f..768a03f3 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -328,6 +328,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "23.8% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.2% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -657,6 +660,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "After a prolonged recession that began in 2008 in the wake of the global financial crisis, Spain marked the fourth full year of positive economic growth in 2017, with economic activity surpassing its pre-crisis peak, largely because of increased private consumption. The financial crisis of 2008 broke 16 consecutive years of economic growth for Spain, leading to an economic contraction that lasted until late 2013. In that year, the government successfully shored up its struggling banking sector - heavily exposed to the collapse of Spain’s real estate boom - with the help of an EU-funded restructuring and recapitalization program.
Until 2014, contraction in bank lending, fiscal austerity, and high unemployment constrained domestic consumption and investment. The unemployment rate rose from a low of about 8% in 2007 to more than 26% in 2013, but labor reforms prompted a modest reduction to 16.4% in 2017. High unemployment strained Spain's public finances, as spending on social benefits increased while tax revenues fell. Spain’s budget deficit peaked at 11.4% of GDP in 2010, but Spain gradually reduced the deficit to about 3.3% of GDP in 2017. Public debt has increased substantially – from 60.1% of GDP in 2010 to nearly 96.7% in 2017.
Strong export growth helped bring Spain's current account into surplus in 2013 for the first time since 1986 and sustain Spain’s economic growth. Increasing labor productivity and an internal devaluation resulting from moderating labor costs and lower inflation have improved Spain’s export competitiveness and generated foreign investor interest in the economy, restoring FDI flows.
In 2017, the Spanish Government’s minority status constrained its ability to implement controversial labor, pension, health care, tax, and education reforms. The European Commission expects the government to meet its 2017 budget deficit target and anticipates that expected economic growth in 2018 will help the government meet its deficit target. Spain’s borrowing costs are dramatically lower since their peak in mid-2012, and increased economic activity has generated a modest level of inflation, at 2% in 2017.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$1,925,576,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$1,888,743,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$1,843,934,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "1.95% (2019 est.)" @@ -668,6 +683,21 @@ "text": "2.97% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$40,903 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$40,360 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$39,575 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1,393,351,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -690,44 +720,6 @@ "text": "A (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1,925,576,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,888,743,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$1,843,934,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1,393,351,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$40,903 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$40,360 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$39,575 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "22.9% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "22.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "22.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -759,20 +751,6 @@ "text": "-31.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "77.9 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "86.9 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "100 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "70.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "barley, milk, wheat, olives, grapes, tomatoes, pork, maize, oranges, sugar beet" }, @@ -831,9 +809,6 @@ "text": "539 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "37.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -845,6 +820,9 @@ "text": "99% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "37.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1216,7 +1194,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "5,914 (2020)" }, - "note": "note: 193,257 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" + "note": "note: 194,432 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2021)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "despite rigorous law enforcement efforts, North African, Latin American, Galician, and other European traffickers take advantage of Spain's long coastline to land large shipments of cocaine and hashish for distribution to the European market; consumer for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish; destination and minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering site for Colombian narcotics trafficking organizations and organized crime" diff --git a/europe/sv.json b/europe/sv.json index 2398a711..cef7dab8 100644 --- a/europe/sv.json +++ b/europe/sv.json @@ -102,9 +102,32 @@ "text": "Sweden’s small, open, and competitive economy has been thriving and Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living with its combination of free-market capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. Sweden remains outside the euro zone largely out of concern that joining the European Economic and Monetary Union would diminish the country’s sovereignty over its welfare system.
Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of a manufacturing economy that relies heavily on foreign trade. Exports, including engines and other machines, motor vehicles, and telecommunications equipment, account for more than 44% of GDP. Sweden enjoys a current account surplus of about 5% of GDP, which is one of the highest margins in Europe.
GDP grew an estimated 3.3% in 2016 and 2017 driven largely by investment in the construction sector. Swedish economists expect economic growth to ease slightly in the coming years as this investment subsides. Global economic growth boosted exports of Swedish manufactures further, helping drive domestic economic growth in 2017. The Central Bank is keeping an eye on deflationary pressures and bank observers expect it to maintain an expansionary monetary policy in 2018. Swedish prices and wages have grown only slightly over the past few years, helping to support the country’s competitiveness.
In the short and medium term, Sweden’s economic challenges include providing affordable housing and successfully integrating migrants into the labor market.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$547.595 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$540.776 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$530.433 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "1.29% (2019 est.)" @@ -626,6 +641,21 @@ "text": "2.82% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$53,240 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$53,146 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$52,739 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$531.35 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -648,44 +678,6 @@ "text": "AAA (2004)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$547.595 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$540.776 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$530.433 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$531.35 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$53,240 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$53,146 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$52,739 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "29.4% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "28.5% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "28.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -717,20 +709,6 @@ "text": "-41.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "82 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "93.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "98 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "67.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "wheat, milk, sugar beet, barley, potatoes, oats, rapeseed, pork, rye, triticale" }, @@ -789,9 +767,6 @@ "text": "264.4 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "50.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -804,6 +779,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "50.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/sz.json b/europe/sz.json index 849a056b..526e0281 100644 --- a/europe/sz.json +++ b/europe/sz.json @@ -310,6 +310,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "19.5% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.1% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -615,6 +618,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Switzerland, a country that espouses neutrality, is a prosperous and modern market economy with low unemployment, a highly skilled labor force, and a per capita GDP among the highest in the world. Switzerland's economy benefits from a highly developed service sector, led by financial services, and a manufacturing industry that specializes in high-technology, knowledge-based production. Its economic and political stability, transparent legal system, exceptional infrastructure, efficient capital markets, and low corporate tax rates also make Switzerland one of the world's most competitive economies.
The Swiss have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the EU's to gain access to the Union’s Single Market and enhance the country’s international competitiveness. Some trade protectionism remains, however, particularly for its small agricultural sector. The fate of the Swiss economy is tightly linked to that of its neighbors in the euro zone, which purchases half of Swiss exports. The global financial crisis of 2008 and resulting economic downturn in 2009 stalled demand for Swiss exports and put Switzerland into a recession. During this period, the Swiss National Bank (SNB) implemented a zero-interest rate policy to boost the economy, as well as to prevent appreciation of the franc, and Switzerland's economy began to recover in 2010.
The sovereign debt crises unfolding in neighboring euro-zone countries, however, coupled with economic instability in Russia and other Eastern European economies drove up demand for the Swiss franc by investors seeking a safehaven currency. In January 2015, the SNB abandoned the Swiss franc’s peg to the euro, roiling global currency markets and making active SNB intervention a necessary hallmark of present-day Swiss monetary policy. The independent SNB has upheld its zero interest rate policy and conducted major market interventions to prevent further appreciation of the Swiss franc, but parliamentarians have urged it to do more to weaken the currency. The franc's strength has made Swiss exports less competitive and weakened the country's growth outlook; GDP growth fell below 2% per year from 2011 through 2017.
In recent years, Switzerland has responded to increasing pressure from neighboring countries and trading partners to reform its banking secrecy laws, by agreeing to conform to OECD regulations on administrative assistance in tax matters, including tax evasion. The Swiss Government has also renegotiated its double taxation agreements with numerous countries, including the US, to incorporate OECD standards.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$588.472 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$583.056 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$567.448 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "1.11% (2019 est.)" @@ -626,6 +641,21 @@ "text": "1.65% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$68,628 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$68,479 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$67,139 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$731.502 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.3% (2019 est.)" @@ -648,44 +678,6 @@ "text": "AAA (1988)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$588.472 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$583.056 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$567.448 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$731.502 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$68,628 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$68,479 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$67,139 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "35.3% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "33.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "30.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -717,20 +709,6 @@ "text": "-54% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "76.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "88.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "96.1 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "64.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, sugar beet, wheat, potatoes, pork, barley, apples, maize, beef, grapes" }, @@ -790,9 +768,6 @@ }, "note": "note: includes federal, cantonal, and municipal budgets" }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "35.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -805,6 +780,9 @@ }, "note": "note: general government gross debt; gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future; includes debt liabilities in the form of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), currency and deposits, debt securities, loans, insurance, pensions and standardized guarantee schemes, and other accounts payable; all liabilities in the GFSM (Government Financial Systems Manual) 2001 system are debt, except for equity and investment fund shares and financial derivatives and employee stock options" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "35.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/uk.json b/europe/uk.json index 03922fc0..3d36356b 100644 --- a/europe/uk.json +++ b/europe/uk.json @@ -321,6 +321,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "27.8% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.4% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -633,6 +636,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, is the third largest economy in Europe after Germany and France. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with less than 2% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil resources, but its oil and natural gas reserves are declining; the UK has been a net importer of energy since 2005. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, are key drivers of British GDP growth. Manufacturing, meanwhile, has declined in importance but still accounts for about 10% of economic output.
In 2008, the global financial crisis hit the economy particularly hard, due to the importance of its financial sector. Falling home prices, high consumer debt, and the global economic slowdown compounded the UK’s economic problems, pushing the economy into recession in the latter half of 2008 and prompting the then BROWN (Labour) government to implement a number of measures to stimulate the economy and stabilize the financial markets. Facing burgeoning public deficits and debt levels, in 2010 the then CAMERON-led coalition government (between Conservatives and Liberal Democrats) initiated an austerity program, which has continued under the Conservative government. However, the deficit still remains one of the highest in the G7, standing at 3.6% of GDP as of 2017, and the UK has pledged to lower its corporation tax from 20% to 17% by 2020. The UK had a debt burden of 90.4% GDP at the end of 2017.
The UK economy has begun to slow since the referendum vote to leave the EU in June 2016. A sustained depreciation of the British pound has increased consumer and producer prices, weighing on consumer spending without spurring a meaningful increase in exports. The UK has an extensive trade relationship with other EU members through its single market membership, and economic observers have warned the exit will jeopardize its position as the central location for European financial services. The UK is slated to leave the EU at the end of January 2020.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$3,118,396,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$3,073,442,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$3,032,781,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "1.26% (2019 est.)" @@ -644,6 +659,21 @@ "text": "1.74% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$46,659 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$46,245 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$45,910 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2,827,918,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -666,44 +696,6 @@ "text": "AA (2016)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$3,118,396,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$3,073,442,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$3,032,781,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2,827,918,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$46,659 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$46,245 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$45,910 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "13.3% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "13.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "13.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -735,20 +727,6 @@ "text": "-31.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "83.5 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "94.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "93.8 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "68.7 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "wheat, milk, barley, sugar beet, potatoes, rapeseed, poultry, oats, pork, beef" }, @@ -807,9 +785,6 @@ "text": "1.079 trillion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -822,6 +797,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "39.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "6 April - 5 April" }, @@ -1146,7 +1124,7 @@ "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { "text": "British Army, Royal Navy (includes Royal Marines), Royal Air Force (2021)", - "note": "note: in 2021 the UK formed a Space Command as a joint command staffed by Army, Navy, and Air Force personnel, as well as civilians and key members of the commercial sector to manage space operations, training, and capabilities; in 2019, the UK formed the Strategic Command (formerly Joint Forces Command) to develop and manage the British military's medical services, training and education, intelligence, and information systems across the land, sea, air, space, and cyber domains; it also manages joint overseas operations" + "note": "note: in 2021 the UK formed a joint service Space Command staffed by Army, Navy, and Air Force personnel, as well as civilians and key members of the commercial sector to manage space operations, training, and capabilities; in 2019, the UK formed the Strategic Command (formerly Joint Forces Command) to develop and manage the British military's medical services, training and education, defense intelligence, and information systems across the land, sea, air, space, and cyber domains; national-level special forces (UK Special Forces, UKSF) also fall under Strategic Command; in addition, the command manages joint overseas operations" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { @@ -1166,7 +1144,8 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "the British military has approximately 150,000 total active duty troops (82,000 Army; 34,000 Navy, including 7,000 marines; 33,000 Air Force) (2021)" + "text": "the British military has approximately 199,000 total active troops (120,500 Army, including about 4,000 Gurkhas; 40,500 Navy, including about 7,000 Royal Marines; 38,000 Air Force) (2021)", + "note": "note(s) - the total includes 149,000 Regular Forces and about 37,000 Volunteer Reserves (30,000 Army; 4,000 Navy; 3000 Air Force) and about 8,000 \"Other Personnel\" (4,500 Army; 2,500 Navy; 1,000 Air Force)After Russia, the Ukrainian Republic was the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil accounted for more than one fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied unique equipment such as large diameter pipes and vertical drilling apparatus, and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the former USSR.
Shortly after independence in August 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Output by 1999 had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991 level. Outside institutions - particularly the IMF encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms to foster economic growth. Ukrainian Government officials eliminated most tax and customs privileges in a March 2005 budget law, bringing more economic activity out of Ukraine's large shadow economy. From 2000 until mid-2008, Ukraine's economy was buoyant despite political turmoil between the prime minister and president. The economy contracted nearly 15% in 2009, among the worst economic performances in the world. In April 2010, Ukraine negotiated a price discount on Russian gas imports in exchange for extending Russia's lease on its naval base in Crimea.
Ukraine’s oligarch-dominated economy grew slowly from 2010 to 2013 but remained behind peers in the region and among Europe’s poorest. After former President YANUKOVYCH fled the country during the Revolution of Dignity, Ukraine’s economy fell into crisis because of Russia’s annexation of Crimea, military conflict in the eastern part of the country, and a trade war with Russia, resulting in a 17% decline in GDP, inflation at nearly 60%, and dwindling foreign currency reserves. The international community began efforts to stabilize the Ukrainian economy, including a March 2014 IMF assistance package of $17.5 billion, of which Ukraine has received four disbursements, most recently in April 2017, bringing the total disbursed as of that date to approximately $8.4 billion. Ukraine has made progress on reforms designed to make the country prosperous, democratic, and transparent, including creation of a national anti-corruption agency, overhaul of the banking sector, establishment of a transparent VAT refund system, and increased transparency in government procurement. But more improvements are needed, including fighting corruption, developing capital markets, improving the business environment to attract foreign investment, privatizing state-owned enterprises, and land reform. The fifth tranche of the IMF program, valued at $1.9 billion, was delayed in mid-2017 due to lack of progress on outstanding reforms, including adjustment of gas tariffs to import parity levels and adoption of legislation establishing an independent anti-corruption court.
Russia’s occupation of Crimea in March 2014 and ongoing Russian aggression in eastern Ukraine have hurt economic growth. With the loss of a major portion of Ukraine’s heavy industry in Donbas and ongoing violence, the economy contracted by 6.6% in 2014 and by 9.8% in 2015, but it returned to low growth in in 2016 and 2017, reaching 2.3% and 2.0%, respectively, as key reforms took hold. Ukraine also redirected trade activity towards the EU following the implementation of a bilateral Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement, displacing Russia as its largest trading partner. A prohibition on commercial trade with separatist-controlled territories in early 2017 has not impacted Ukraine’s key industrial sectors as much as expected, largely because of favorable external conditions. Ukraine returned to international debt markets in September 2017, issuing a $3 billion sovereign bond.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$538.388 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$521.524 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$504.35 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "3.24% (2019 est.)" @@ -649,6 +664,21 @@ "text": "2.48% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$12,810 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$12,338 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$11,871 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$155.082 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "7.9% (2019 est.)" @@ -672,44 +702,6 @@ "text": "B (2019)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$538.388 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$521.524 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$504.35 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$155.082 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$12,810 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$12,338 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$11,871 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "12.1% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "15.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "17.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "12.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -741,20 +733,6 @@ "text": "-55.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "70.2 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "91.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "80.1 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "63.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "maize, wheat, potatoes, sunflower seed, sugar beet, milk, barley, soybeans, rapeseed, tomatoes" }, @@ -815,9 +793,6 @@ }, "note": "note: this is the planned, consolidated budget" }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -830,6 +805,9 @@ }, "note": "note: the total public debt of $64.5 billion consists of: domestic public debt ($23.8 billion); external public debt ($26.1 billion); and sovereign guarantees ($14.6 billion)" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "26.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/europe/vt.json b/europe/vt.json index 366b60a5..0bc8ff27 100644 --- a/europe/vt.json +++ b/europe/vt.json @@ -100,9 +100,32 @@ "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic" }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "15-24 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "25-54 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "55-64 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0% (2014 est.)" }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { "text": "100% of total population (2021)" @@ -114,6 +137,9 @@ "Major urban areas - population": { "text": "1,000 VATICAN CITY (capital) (2018)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -122,6 +148,9 @@ "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -131,6 +160,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" } @@ -376,10 +408,10 @@ "text": "348 million (2013)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { + "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "NA" }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { + "Taxes and other revenues": { "text": "NA" }, "Fiscal year": { diff --git a/middle-east/ae.json b/middle-east/ae.json index 68609b2d..256524d6 100644 --- a/middle-east/ae.json +++ b/middle-east/ae.json @@ -253,6 +253,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.65 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -293,6 +296,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "31.7% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -616,6 +622,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The UAE has an open economy with a high per capita income and a sizable annual trade surplus. Successful efforts at economic diversification have reduced the portion of GDP from the oil and gas sector to 30%.
Since the discovery of oil in the UAE nearly 60 years ago, the country has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. The government has increased spending on job creation and infrastructure expansion and is opening up utilities to greater private sector involvement. The country's free trade zones - offering 100% foreign ownership and zero taxes - are helping to attract foreign investors.
The global financial crisis of 2008-09, tight international credit, and deflated asset prices constricted the economy in 2009. UAE authorities tried to blunt the crisis by increasing spending and boosting liquidity in the banking sector. The crisis hit Dubai hardest, as it was heavily exposed to depressed real estate prices. Dubai lacked sufficient cash to meet its debt obligations, prompting global concern about its solvency and ultimately a $20 billion bailout from the UAE Central Bank and Abu Dhabi Government that was refinanced in March 2014.
The UAE’s dependence on oil is a significant long-term challenge, although the UAE is one of the most diversified countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council. Low oil prices have prompted the UAE to cut expenditures, including on some social programs, but the UAE has sufficient assets in its sovereign investment funds to cover its deficits. The government reduced fuel subsidies in August 2015, and introduced excise taxes (50% on sweetened carbonated beverages and 100% on energy drinks and tobacco) in October 2017. A five-percent value-added tax was introduced in January 2018. The UAE's strategic plan for the next few years focuses on economic diversification, promoting the UAE as a global trade and tourism hub, developing industry, and creating more job opportunities for nationals through improved education and increased private sector employment.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$655.789 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$644.968 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$637.384 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "0.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -627,6 +645,21 @@ "text": "5.1% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$67,119 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$66,968 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$67,184 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$421.077 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "-1.9% (2019 est.)" @@ -649,44 +682,6 @@ "text": "AA (2007)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$655.789 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$644.968 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$637.384 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$421.077 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$67,119 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$66,968 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$67,184 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "28.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "30.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "30.7% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -718,20 +713,6 @@ "text": "-72.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "80.9 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "94.8 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "74.1 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "75.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "dates, cucumbers, tomatoes, goat meat, eggs, milk, poultry, carrots/turnips, goat milk, milk" }, @@ -789,9 +770,6 @@ }, "note": "note: the UAE federal budget does not account for emirate-level spending in Abu Dhabi and Dubai" }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -803,6 +781,9 @@ "text": "20.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "28.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1106,20 +1087,20 @@ "text": "United Arab Emirates Armed Forces: Land Forces, Navy Forces, Air Force, Presidential Guard; Ministry of Interior: Critical Infrastructure Coastal Patrol Agency (CICPA) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "6% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2019": { + "text": "5% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2018": { + "text": "5% of GDP (2018 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { "text": "5.2% of GDP (2017)" }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "6% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "7% of GDP (2015)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2014": { - "text": "5.8% of GDP (2014)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2013": { - "text": "6.1% of GDP (2013)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/middle-east/aj.json b/middle-east/aj.json index e570a976..755fa531 100644 --- a/middle-east/aj.json +++ b/middle-east/aj.json @@ -628,6 +628,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Prior to the decline in global oil prices since 2014, Azerbaijan's high economic growth was attributable to rising energy exports and to some non-export sectors. Oil exports through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline, the Baku-Novorossiysk, and the Baku-Supsa Pipelines remain the main economic driver, but efforts to boost Azerbaijan's gas production are underway. The expected completion of the geopolitically important Southern Gas Corridor (SGC) between Azerbaijan and Europe will open up another source of revenue from gas exports. First gas to Turkey through the SGC is expected in 2018 with project completion expected by 2020-21.
Declining oil prices caused a 3.1% contraction in GDP in 2016, and a 0.8% decline in 2017, highlighted by a sharp reduction in the construction sector. The economic decline was accompanied by higher inflation, a weakened banking sector, and two sharp currency devaluations in 2015. Azerbaijan’s financial sector continued to struggle. In May 2017, Baku allowed the majority state-owed International Bank of Azerbaijan (IBA), the nation’s largest bank, to default on some of its outstanding debt and file for restructuring in Azerbaijani courts; IBA also filed in US and UK bankruptcy courts to have its restructuring recognized in their respective jurisdictions.
Azerbaijan has made limited progress with market-based economic reforms. Pervasive public and private sector corruption and structural economic inefficiencies remain a drag on long-term growth, particularly in non-energy sectors. The government has, however, made efforts to combat corruption, particularly in customs and government services. Several other obstacles impede Azerbaijan's economic progress, including the need for more foreign investment in the non-energy sector and the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. While trade with Russia and the other former Soviet republics remains important, Azerbaijan has expanded trade with Turkey and Europe and is seeking new markets for non-oil/gas exports - mainly in the agricultural sector - with Gulf Cooperation Council member countries, the US, and others. It is also improving Baku airport and the Caspian Sea port of Alat for use as a regional transportation and logistics hub.
Long-term prospects depend on world oil prices, Azerbaijan's ability to develop export routes for its growing gas production, and its ability to improve the business environment and diversify the economy. In late 2016, the president approved a strategic roadmap for economic reforms that identified key non-energy segments of the economy for development, such as agriculture, logistics, information technology, and tourism. In October 2017, the long-awaited Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway, stretching from the Azerbaijani capital to Kars in north-eastern Turkey, began limited service.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$144.374 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$141.24 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$139.152 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "0.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -639,6 +651,21 @@ "text": "0.6% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$14,404 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$14,210 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$14,121 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$48.104 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.6% (2019 est.)" @@ -661,44 +688,6 @@ "text": "BB+ (2016)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$144.374 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$141.24 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$139.152 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$48.104 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$14,404 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$14,210 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$14,121 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "29.2% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "31.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "28.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "6.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -730,20 +719,6 @@ "text": "-42% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "76.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "96.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "77 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "70.3 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, wheat, potatoes, barley, tomatoes, watermelons, cotton, apples, maize, onions" }, @@ -802,9 +777,6 @@ "text": "10.22 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -816,6 +788,9 @@ "text": "50.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "23.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/middle-east/ba.json b/middle-east/ba.json index fc85bc53..0b114a87 100644 --- a/middle-east/ba.json +++ b/middle-east/ba.json @@ -243,6 +243,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.68 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -280,6 +283,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "29.8% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.3% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -593,6 +599,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Oil and natural gas play a dominant role in Bahrain’s economy. Despite the Government’s past efforts to diversify the economy, oil still comprises 85% of Bahraini budget revenues. In the last few years lower world energy prices have generated sizable budget deficits - about 10% of GDP in 2017 alone. Bahrain has few options for covering these deficits, with low foreign assets and fewer oil resources compared to its GCC neighbors. The three major US credit agencies downgraded Bahrain’s sovereign debt rating to \"junk\" status in 2016, citing persistently low oil prices and the government’s high debt levels. Nevertheless, Bahrain was able to raise about $4 billion by issuing foreign currency denominated debt in 2017.
Other major economic activities are production of aluminum - Bahrain's second biggest export after oil and gas –finance, and construction. Bahrain continues to seek new natural gas supplies as feedstock to support its expanding petrochemical and aluminum industries. In April 2018 Bahrain announced it had found a significant oil field off the country’s west coast, but is still assessing how much of the oil can be extracted profitably.
In addition to addressing its current fiscal woes, Bahraini authorities face the long-term challenge of boosting Bahrain’s regional competitiveness — especially regarding industry, finance, and tourism — and reconciling revenue constraints with popular pressure to maintain generous state subsidies and a large public sector. Since 2015, the government lifted subsidies on meat, diesel, kerosene, and gasoline and has begun to phase in higher prices for electricity and water. As part of its diversification plans, Bahrain implemented a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the US in August 2006, the first FTA between the US and a Gulf state. It plans to introduce a Value Added Tax (VAT) by the end of 2018.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$73.87 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$72.55 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$71.282 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.49% (2019 est.)" @@ -604,6 +622,21 @@ "text": "3.85% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$45,011 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$46,227 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$47,710 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$38.472 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -623,44 +656,6 @@ "text": "B+ (2017)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$73.87 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$72.55 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$71.282 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$38.472 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$45,011 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$46,227 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$47,710 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "29.9% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "28.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "21.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -692,20 +687,6 @@ "text": "-67.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "76 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "89.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "78.7 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "63.8 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "mutton, dates, milk, poultry, tomatoes, fruit, sheep offals, sheep skins, eggs, pumpkins" }, @@ -758,9 +739,6 @@ "text": "9.407 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-10.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -772,6 +750,9 @@ "text": "81.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "16.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1045,7 +1026,7 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "4% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "4.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "3.7% of GDP (2019)" diff --git a/middle-east/gz.json b/middle-east/gz.json index 2a0164d8..0f810813 100644 --- a/middle-east/gz.json +++ b/middle-east/gz.json @@ -243,6 +243,9 @@ }, "note": "note: includes Gaza Strip and the West Bank" }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Physicians density": { "text": "2.77 physicians/1,000 population (2018)" }, @@ -406,6 +409,9 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Movement and access restrictions, violent attacks, and the slow pace of post-conflict reconstruction continue to degrade economic conditions in the Gaza Strip, the smaller of the two areas comprising the Palestinian territories. Israeli controls became more restrictive after HAMAS seized control of the territory in June 2007. Under Hamas control, Gaza has suffered from rising unemployment, elevated poverty rates, and a sharp contraction of the private sector, which had relied primarily on export markets.
Since April 2017, the Palestinian Authority has reduced payments for electricity supplied to Gaza and cut salaries for its employees there, exacerbating poor economic conditions. Since 2014, Egypt’s crackdown on the Gaza Strip’s extensive tunnel-based smuggling network has exacerbated fuel, construction material, and consumer goods shortages in the territory. Donor support for reconstruction following the 51-day conflict in 2014 between Israel and HAMAS and other Gaza-based militant groups has fallen short of post-conflict needs.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "text": "see entry for the West Bank
" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { "text": "-15.2% (2014 est.)" @@ -418,22 +424,6 @@ }, "note": "note: excludes the West Bank" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-0.2% (2016 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: excludes the West Bank" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "see entry for the West Bank
" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.938 billion (2014 est.)", - "note": "note: excludes the West Bank" - }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { "text": "$6,220 (2019 est.)" @@ -446,13 +436,18 @@ }, "note": "see entry for the the West Bank" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "15.5% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2.938 billion (2014 est.)", + "note": "note: excludes the West Bank" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "0.2% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "14.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "-0.2% (2016 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: excludes the West Bank" }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { diff --git a/middle-east/ir.json b/middle-east/ir.json index f76bda05..d06c0344 100644 --- a/middle-east/ir.json +++ b/middle-east/ir.json @@ -629,26 +629,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Iran's economy is marked by statist policies, inefficiencies, and reliance on oil and gas exports, but Iran also possesses significant agricultural, industrial, and service sectors. The Iranian government directly owns and operates hundreds of state-owned enterprises and indirectly controls many companies affiliated with the country's security forces. Distortions - including corruption, price controls, subsidies, and a banking system holding billions of dollars of non-performing loans - weigh down the economy, undermining the potential for private-sector-led growth.
Private sector activity includes small-scale workshops, farming, some manufacturing, and services, in addition to medium-scale construction, cement production, mining, and metalworking. Significant informal market activity flourishes and corruption is widespread.
The lifting of most nuclear-related sanctions under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in January 2016 sparked a restoration of Iran’s oil production and revenue that drove rapid GDP growth, but economic growth declined in 2017 as oil production plateaued. The economy continues to suffer from low levels of investment and declines in productivity since before the JCPOA, and from high levels of unemployment, especially among women and college-educated Iranian youth.
In May 2017, the re-election of President Hasan RUHANI generated widespread public expectations that the economic benefits of the JCPOA would expand and reach all levels of society. RUHANI will need to implement structural reforms that strengthen the banking sector and improve Iran’s business climate to attract foreign investment and encourage the growth of the private sector. Sanctions that are not related to Iran’s nuclear program remain in effect, and these—plus fears over the possible re-imposition of nuclear-related sanctions—will continue to deter foreign investors from engaging with Iran.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "12.5% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-1.6% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "9.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "9.1% (2016 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: official Iranian estimate" - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$1,027,238,000,000 (2019 est.)" @@ -661,8 +641,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$581.252 billion (2019 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "3.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "12.5% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "-1.6% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -676,16 +664,17 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "37.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$581.252 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "9.6% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "37.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "9.1% (2016 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "35.2% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } + "note": "note: official Iranian estimate" }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -718,20 +707,6 @@ "text": "-24.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "58.5 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "67.8 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "66.2 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "58.2 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "wheat, sugar cane, milk, sugar beet, tomatoes, barley, potatoes, oranges, poultry, apples" }, @@ -789,9 +764,6 @@ "text": "84.45 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -804,6 +776,9 @@ }, "note": "note: includes publicly guaranteed debt" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "17.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "21 March - 20 March" }, @@ -1122,6 +1097,9 @@ "note": "note: the Iranian Navy operates Iran’s larger warships and operates in the Gulf of Oman, the Caspian Sea, and deep waters in the region and beyond; the IRGC Navy has responsibility for the closer-in Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "2.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "3.8% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, @@ -1134,9 +1112,6 @@ "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "4.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "4.3% of GDP (2015 est.)" - }, "note": "(Estimates)" }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/middle-east/is.json b/middle-east/is.json index 3cacc589..3b5e89de 100644 --- a/middle-east/is.json +++ b/middle-east/is.json @@ -249,6 +249,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.57 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -310,6 +313,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "26.1% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.1% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -629,6 +635,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Israel has a technologically advanced free market economy. Cut diamonds, high-technology equipment, and pharmaceuticals are among its leading exports. Its major imports include crude oil, grains, raw materials, and military equipment. Israel usually posts sizable trade deficits, which are offset by tourism and other service exports, as well as significant foreign investment inflows.
Since March 2020, economic growth has slowed compared to recent historical averages, but Israel's slump has been less severe than in other Middle Eastern countries because of its swift vaccine roll-out and diversified economic base. Between 2016 and 2019, growth averaged 3.6% per year, led by exports. Israel's new government is hoping to pass the country's first budget in two years, which, combined with prudent fiscal policy and strong global trade ties would probably enable Israel to recover from economic challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Natural gas fields discovered off Israel's coast since 2009 have brightened Israel's energy security outlook. The Tamar and Leviathan fields were some of the world's largest offshore natural gas finds in the last decade. In 2020, Israel began exporting gas to Egypt and Jordan.
Income inequality and high housing and commodity prices continue to be a concern for many Israelis. Israel's income inequality and poverty rates are among the highest of OECD countries, and there is a broad perception among the public that a small number of \"tycoons\" have a cartel-like grip over the major parts of the economy. Government officials have called for reforms to boost the housing supply and to increase competition in the banking sector to address these public grievances. Despite calls for reforms, the restricted housing supply continues to impact younger Israelis seeking to purchase homes. Tariffs and non-tariff barriers, coupled with guaranteed prices and customs tariffs for farmers kept food prices high. Private consumption is expected to drive growth through 2021, with consumers benefitting from low inflation and a strong currency.
In the long term, Israel faces structural issues including low labor participation rates for its fastest growing social segments - the ultraorthodox and Arab-Israeli communities. Also, Israel's progressive, globally competitive, knowledge-based technology sector employs only about 8% of the workforce, with the rest mostly employed in manufacturing and services - sectors which face downward wage pressures from global competition. Expenditures on educational institutions remain low compared to most other OECD countries with similar GDP per capita.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$394.7 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$351.254 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$339.528 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2020": { "text": "-2.6% (2020 est.)" @@ -640,6 +658,21 @@ "text": "3.69% (2018 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2020": { + "text": "$41,953 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$40,145 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$39,543 (2018 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$394.93 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": { "text": "1.8% (2020 est.)" @@ -663,44 +696,6 @@ }, "note": "Note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained." }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$394.7 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$351.254 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$339.528 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$394.93 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2020": { - "text": "$41,953 (2020 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$40,145 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$39,543 (2018 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "24.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "24.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "24.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -732,20 +727,6 @@ "text": "-27.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "76.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "94.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "83.4 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "58.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, potatoes, poultry, tomatoes, carrots, turnips, tangerines/mandarins, green chillies/peppers, eggs, vegetables" }, @@ -811,9 +792,6 @@ "text": "100.2 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -828,6 +806,9 @@ "text": "60.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "26.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1143,6 +1124,9 @@ "note": "note: the Border Police is a unit within the Israel Police with its own organizational and command structure; it works both independently as well as in cooperation with or in support of the Israel Police and Israel Defense Force" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "4.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "5% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1154,9 +1138,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "5.5% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "5.5% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/middle-east/iz.json b/middle-east/iz.json index da30ac28..62ca867e 100644 --- a/middle-east/iz.json +++ b/middle-east/iz.json @@ -631,6 +631,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Iraq's GDP growth slowed to 1.1% in 2017, a marked decline compared to the previous two years as domestic consumption and investment fell because of civil violence and a sluggish oil market. The Iraqi Government received its third tranche of funding from its 2016 Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) with the IMF in August 2017, which is intended to stabilize its finances by encouraging improved fiscal management, needed economic reform, and expenditure reduction. Additionally, in late 2017 Iraq received more than $1.4 billion in financing from international lenders, part of which was generated by issuing a $1 billion bond for reconstruction and rehabilitation in areas liberated from ISIL. Investment and key sector diversification are crucial components to Iraq’s long-term economic development and require a strengthened business climate with enhanced legal and regulatory oversight to bolster private-sector engagement. The overall standard of living depends on global oil prices, the central government passage of major policy reforms, a stable security environment post-ISIS, and the resolution of civil discord with the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG).
Iraq's largely state-run economy is dominated by the oil sector, which provides roughly 85% of government revenue and 80% of foreign exchange earnings, and is a major determinant of the economy's fortunes. Iraq's contracts with major oil companies have the potential to further expand oil exports and revenues, but Iraq will need to make significant upgrades to its oil processing, pipeline, and export infrastructure to enable these deals to reach their economic potential.
In 2017, Iraqi oil exports from northern fields were disrupted following a KRG referendum that resulted in the Iraqi Government reasserting federal control over disputed oil fields and energy infrastructure in Kirkuk. The Iraqi government and the KRG dispute the role of federal and regional authorities in the development and export of natural resources. In 2007, the KRG passed an oil law to develop IKR oil and gas reserves independent of the federal government. The KRG has signed about 50 contracts with foreign energy companies to develop its reserves, some of which lie in territories taken by Baghdad in October 2017. The KRG is able to unilaterally export oil from the fields it retains control of through its own pipeline to Turkey, which Baghdad claims is illegal. In the absence of a national hydrocarbons law, the two sides have entered into five provisional oil- and revenue-sharing deals since 2009, all of which collapsed.
Iraq is making slow progress enacting laws and developing the institutions needed to implement economic policy, and political reforms are still needed to assuage investors' concerns regarding the uncertain business climate. The Government of Iraq is eager to attract additional foreign direct investment, but it faces a number of obstacles, including a tenuous political system and concerns about security and societal stability. Rampant corruption, outdated infrastructure, insufficient essential services, skilled labor shortages, and antiquated commercial laws stifle investment and continue to constrain growth of private, nonoil sectors. Under the Iraqi constitution, some competencies relevant to the overall investment climate are either shared by the federal government and the regions or are devolved entirely to local governments. Investment in the IKR operates within the framework of the Kurdistan Region Investment Law (Law 4 of 2006) and the Kurdistan Board of Investment, which is designed to provide incentives to help economic development in areas under the authority of the KRG.
Inflation has remained under control since 2006. However, Iraqi leaders remain hard-pressed to translate macroeconomic gains into an improved standard of living for the Iraqi populace. Unemployment remains a problem throughout the country despite a bloated public sector. Overregulation has made it difficult for Iraqi citizens and foreign investors to start new businesses. Corruption and lack of economic reforms - such as restructuring banks and developing the private sector – have inhibited the growth of the private sector.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$427.736 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$409.705 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$412.027 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "-2.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -642,6 +654,21 @@ "text": "2.5% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$10,881 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$10,660 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$10,972 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$231.994 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "-0.1% (2019 est.)" @@ -664,44 +691,6 @@ "text": "B- (2015)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$427.736 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$409.705 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$412.027 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$231.994 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$10,881 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$10,660 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$10,972 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "13.3% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "20.6% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "18.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "3.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -733,20 +722,6 @@ "text": "-40.9% (2016 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "44.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "77.3 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "25.3 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "48 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "wheat, barley, dates, tomatoes, rice, maize, grapes, potatoes, rice, watermelons" }, @@ -802,9 +777,6 @@ "text": "76.82 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "35.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-4.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -816,6 +788,9 @@ "text": "66% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "35.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1126,10 +1101,10 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "4% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "4.1% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { - "text": "3.9% of GDP (2019)" + "text": "3.9% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2018": { "text": "2.9% of GDP (2018)" diff --git a/middle-east/jo.json b/middle-east/jo.json index d7b52618..3985a0bd 100644 --- a/middle-east/jo.json +++ b/middle-east/jo.json @@ -631,6 +631,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Jordan's economy is among the smallest in the Middle East, with insufficient supplies of water, oil, and other natural resources, underlying the government's heavy reliance on foreign assistance. Other economic challenges for the government include chronic high rates of unemployment and underemployment, budget and current account deficits, and government debt.
King ABDALLAH, during the first decade of the 2000s, implemented significant economic reforms, such as expanding foreign trade and privatizing state-owned companies that attracted foreign investment and contributed to average annual economic growth of 8% for 2004 through 2008. The global economic slowdown and regional turmoil contributed to slower growth from 2010 to 2017 - with growth averaging about 2.5% per year - and hurt export-oriented sectors, construction/real estate, and tourism. Since the onset of the civil war in Syria and resulting refugee crisis, one of Jordan’s most pressing socioeconomic challenges has been managing the influx of approximately 660,000 UN-registered refugees, more than 80% of whom live in Jordan’s urban areas. Jordan’s own official census estimated the refugee number at 1.3 million Syrians as of early 2016.
Jordan is nearly completely dependent on imported energy—mostly natural gas—and energy consistently makes up 25-30% of Jordan’s imports. To diversify its energy mix, Jordan has secured several contracts for liquefied and pipeline natural gas, developed several major renewables projects, and is currently exploring nuclear power generation and exploitation of abundant oil shale reserves. In August 2016, Jordan and the IMF agreed to a $723 million Extended Fund Facility that aims to build on the three-year, $2.1 billion IMF program that ended in August 2015 with the goal of helping Jordan correct budgetary and balance of payments imbalances.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$101.738 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$99.786 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$97.893 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2% (2019 est.)" @@ -642,6 +654,21 @@ "text": "2.12% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$10,071 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$10,023 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$10,010 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$44.568 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.3% (2019 est.)" @@ -664,44 +691,6 @@ "text": "B+ (2017)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$101.738 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$99.786 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$97.893 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$44.568 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$10,071 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$10,023 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$10,010 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "15.8% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "12% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "8.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "4.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -733,20 +722,6 @@ "text": "-58% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "69 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "84.5 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "79 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "55.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "tomatoes, poultry, olives, milk, potatoes, cucumbers, vegetables, watermelons, green chillies/peppers, peaches/nectarines" }, @@ -806,9 +781,6 @@ "text": "11.51 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-5.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -821,6 +793,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "23.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1112,7 +1087,7 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "4.7% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "4.7% of GDP (2019)" diff --git a/middle-east/ku.json b/middle-east/ku.json index b6823a19..db5cce64 100644 --- a/middle-east/ku.json +++ b/middle-east/ku.json @@ -244,6 +244,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.25 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -586,6 +589,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Kuwait has a geographically small, but wealthy, relatively open economy with crude oil reserves of about 102 billion barrels - more than 6% of world reserves. Kuwaiti officials plan to increase production to 4 million barrels of oil equivalent per day by 2020. Petroleum accounts for over half of GDP, 92% of export revenues, and 90% of government income.
With world oil prices declining, Kuwait realized a budget deficit in 2015 for the first time more than a decade; in 2016, the deficit grew to 16.5% of GDP. Kuwaiti authorities announced cuts to fuel subsidies in August 2016, provoking outrage among the public and National Assembly, and the Amir dissolved the government for the seventh time in ten years. In 2017 the deficit was reduced to 7.2% of GDP, and the government raised $8 billion by issuing international bonds. Despite Kuwait’s dependence on oil, the government has cushioned itself against the impact of lower oil prices, by saving annually at least 10% of government revenue in the Fund for Future Generations.
Kuwait has failed to diversify its economy or bolster the private sector, because of a poor business climate, a large public sector that employs about 74% of citizens, and an acrimonious relationship between the National Assembly and the executive branch that has stymied most economic reforms. The Kuwaiti Government has made little progress on its long-term economic development plan first passed in 2010. While the government planned to spend up to $104 billion over four years to diversify the economy, attract more investment, and boost private sector participation in the economy, many of the projects did not materialize because of an uncertain political situation or delays in awarding contracts. To increase non-oil revenues, the Kuwaiti Government in August 2017 approved draft bills supporting a Gulf Cooperation Council-wide value added tax scheduled to take effect in 2018.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$209.738 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$208.845 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$206.274 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "-3.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -597,6 +612,21 @@ "text": "-1% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$49,854 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$50,479 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$50,856 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$134.638 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "1.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -616,44 +646,6 @@ "text": "AA- (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$209.738 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$208.845 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$206.274 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$134.638 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$49,854 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$50,479 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$50,856 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "40.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "35.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "37.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -685,20 +677,6 @@ "text": "-47% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "67.4 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "88.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "52.6 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "61.4 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "eggs, dates, tomatoes, cucumbers, poultry, milk, mutton, potatoes, vegetables, eggplants" }, @@ -750,9 +728,6 @@ "text": "62.6 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "41.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-10% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -764,6 +739,9 @@ "text": "9.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "41.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, @@ -1051,7 +1029,7 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "6.3% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "5.6% of GDP (2019)" diff --git a/middle-east/le.json b/middle-east/le.json index 4a03482c..cab800a8 100644 --- a/middle-east/le.json +++ b/middle-east/le.json @@ -244,6 +244,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.71 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -284,6 +287,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "32% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.5% of GDP (2013)" }, @@ -609,6 +615,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Lebanon has a free-market economy and a strong laissez-faire commercial tradition. The government does not restrict foreign investment; however, the investment climate suffers from red tape, corruption, arbitrary licensing decisions, complex customs procedures, high taxes, tariffs, and fees, archaic legislation, and inadequate intellectual property rights protection. The Lebanese economy is service-oriented; main growth sectors include banking and tourism.
The 1975-90 civil war seriously damaged Lebanon's economic infrastructure, cut national output by half, and derailed Lebanon's position as a Middle Eastern banking hub. Following the civil war, Lebanon rebuilt much of its war-torn physical and financial infrastructure by borrowing heavily, mostly from domestic banks, which saddled the government with a huge debt burden. Pledges of economic and financial reforms made at separate international donor conferences during the 2000s have mostly gone unfulfilled, including those made during the Paris III Donor Conference in 2007, following the July 2006 war. The \"CEDRE\" investment event hosted by France in April 2018 again rallied the international community to assist Lebanon with concessional financing and some grants for capital infrastructure improvements, conditioned upon long-delayed structural economic reforms in fiscal management, electricity tariffs, and transparent public procurement, among many others.
The Syria conflict cut off one of Lebanon's major markets and a transport corridor through the Levant. The influx of nearly one million registered and an estimated 300,000 unregistered Syrian refugees has increased social tensions and heightened competition for low-skill jobs and public services. Lebanon continues to face several long-term structural weaknesses that predate the Syria crisis, notably, weak infrastructure, poor service delivery, institutionalized corruption, and bureaucratic over-regulation. Chronic fiscal deficits have increased Lebanon’s debt-to-GDP ratio, the third highest in the world; most of the debt is held internally by Lebanese banks. These factors combined to slow economic growth to the 1-2% range in 2011-17, after four years of averaging 8% growth. Weak economic growth limits tax revenues, while the largest government expenditures remain debt servicing, salaries for government workers, and transfers to the electricity sector. These limitations constrain other government spending, limiting its ability to invest in necessary infrastructure improvements, such as water, electricity, and transportation. In early 2018, the Lebanese government signed long-awaited contract agreements with an international consortium for petroleum exploration and production as part of the country’s first offshore licensing round. Exploration is expected to begin in 2019.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$99.761 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$106.925 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$109.025 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "1.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -620,6 +638,21 @@ "text": "0.2% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$14,552 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$15,612 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$16,005 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$53.253 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.8% (2019 est.)" @@ -642,44 +675,6 @@ "text": "D (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$99.761 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$106.925 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$109.025 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$53.253 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$14,552 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$15,612 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$16,005 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "-3.1% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "-4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "-1.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "3.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -711,20 +706,6 @@ "text": "-46.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "54.3 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "78.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "57.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "50.8 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "potatoes, milk, tomatoes, apples, oranges, olives, wheat, cucumbers, poultry, lemons" }, @@ -778,9 +759,6 @@ "text": "15.38 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "21.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-6.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -793,6 +771,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover central government debt and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "21.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/middle-east/mu.json b/middle-east/mu.json index 26791287..c4c9b263 100644 --- a/middle-east/mu.json +++ b/middle-east/mu.json @@ -618,6 +618,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Oman is heavily dependent on oil and gas resources, which can generate between and 68% and 85% of government revenue, depending on fluctuations in commodity prices. In 2016, low global oil prices drove Oman’s budget deficit to $13.8 billion, or approximately 20% of GDP, but the budget deficit is estimated to have reduced to 12% of GDP in 2017 as Oman reduced government subsidies. As of January 2018, Oman has sufficient foreign assets to support its currency’s fixed exchange rates. It is issuing debt to cover its deficit.
Oman is using enhanced oil recovery techniques to boost production, but it has simultaneously pursued a development plan that focuses on diversification, industrialization, and privatization, with the objective of reducing the oil sector's contribution to GDP. The key components of the government's diversification strategy are tourism, shipping and logistics, mining, manufacturing, and aquaculture.
Muscat also has notably focused on creating more Omani jobs to employ the rising number of nationals entering the workforce. However, high social welfare benefits - that had increased in the wake of the 2011 Arab Spring - have made it impossible for the government to balance its budget in light of current oil prices. In response, Omani officials imposed austerity measures on its gasoline and diesel subsidies in 2016. These spending cuts have had only a moderate effect on the government’s budget, which is projected to again face a deficit of $7.8 billion in 2018.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$135.814 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$138.089 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$135.696 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "-0.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -629,6 +641,21 @@ "text": "4.7% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$27,299 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$28,593 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$29,082 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$76.883 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.1% (2019 est.)" @@ -651,44 +678,6 @@ "text": "B+ (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$135.814 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$138.089 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$135.696 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$76.883 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$27,299 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$28,593 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$29,082 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "14.8% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "19% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "12% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -720,20 +709,6 @@ "text": "-46.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "70 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "93.5 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "84.1 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "61.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "dates, tomatoes, vegetables, goat milk, milk, cucumbers, green chillies/peppers, watermelons, sorghum, melons" }, @@ -780,9 +755,6 @@ "text": "31.92 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "31.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-13.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -795,6 +767,9 @@ }, "note": "note: excludes indebtedness of state-owned enterprises" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "31.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1102,7 +1077,7 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "10.5% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "11% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "8.8% of GDP (2019)" diff --git a/middle-east/qa.json b/middle-east/qa.json index 959e7f3d..261293ca 100644 --- a/middle-east/qa.json +++ b/middle-east/qa.json @@ -288,6 +288,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "35.1% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.7% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -597,6 +600,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Qatar’s oil and natural gas resources are the country’s main economic engine and government revenue source, driving Qatar’s high economic growth and per capita income levels, robust state spending on public entitlements, and booming construction spending, particularly as Qatar prepares to host the World Cup in 2022. Although the government has maintained high capital spending levels for ongoing infrastructure projects, low oil and natural gas prices in recent years have led the Qatari Government to tighten some spending to help stem its budget deficit.
Qatar’s reliance on oil and natural gas is likely to persist for the foreseeable future. Proved natural gas reserves exceed 25 trillion cubic meters - 13% of the world total and, among countries, third largest in the world. Proved oil reserves exceed 25 billion barrels, allowing production to continue at current levels for about 56 years. Despite the dominance of oil and natural gas, Qatar has made significant gains in strengthening non-oil sectors, such as manufacturing, construction, and financial services, leading non-oil GDP to steadily rise in recent years to just over half the total.
Following trade restriction imposed by Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain, and Egypt in 2017, Qatar established new trade routes with other countries to maintain access to imports.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$255.01 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$253.049 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$249.963 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -608,6 +623,21 @@ "text": "3.7% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$90,044 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$90,970 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$91,739 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$191.29 billion (2018 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "-0.6% (2019 est.)" @@ -630,44 +660,6 @@ "text": "AA- (2017)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$255.01 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$253.049 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$249.963 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$191.29 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$90,044 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$90,970 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$91,739 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "45% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "49.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "46.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -699,20 +691,6 @@ "text": "-37.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "68.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "86.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "71.5 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "54.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "tomatoes, dates, camel milk, sheep milk, goat milk, pumpkins/gourds, mutton, poultry, milk, eggplants" }, @@ -757,9 +735,6 @@ "text": "53.82 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-5.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -771,6 +746,9 @@ "text": "46.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "26.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, @@ -1050,20 +1028,20 @@ "text": "Qatari Amiri Land Force (QALF, includes Emiri Guard), Qatari Amiri Navy (QAN, includes Coast Guard), Qatari Amiri Air Force (QAAF); Internal Security Forces: Mobile Gendarmerie (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "4% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2019": { + "text": "3.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" + }, + "Military Expenditures 2018": { + "text": "3.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2017": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2017)" + "text": "2.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { - "text": "3.1% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "3.2% of GDP (2015)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2014": { - "text": "2.6% of GDP (2014)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2013": { - "text": "2.4% of GDP (2013)" + "text": "3.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/middle-east/sa.json b/middle-east/sa.json index 4dbcc81c..9560eec4 100644 --- a/middle-east/sa.json +++ b/middle-east/sa.json @@ -290,6 +290,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "35.4% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -596,6 +599,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Saudi Arabia has an oil-based economy with strong government controls over major economic activities. It possesses about 16% of the world's proven petroleum reserves, ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum, and plays a leading role in OPEC. The petroleum sector accounts for roughly 87% of budget revenues, 42% of GDP, and 90% of export earnings.
Saudi Arabia is encouraging the growth of the private sector in order to diversify its economy and to employ more Saudi nationals. Approximately 6 million foreign workers play an important role in the Saudi economy, particularly in the oil and service sectors; at the same time, however, Riyadh is struggling to reduce unemployment among its own nationals. Saudi officials are particularly focused on employing its large youth population.
In 2017, the Kingdom incurred a budget deficit estimated at 8.3% of GDP, which was financed by bond sales and drawing down reserves. Although the Kingdom can finance high deficits for several years by drawing down its considerable foreign assets or by borrowing, it has cut capital spending and reduced subsidies on electricity, water, and petroleum products and recently introduced a value-added tax of 5%. In January 2016, Crown Prince and Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN announced that Saudi Arabia intends to list shares of its state-owned petroleum company, ARAMCO - another move to increase revenue and outside investment. The government has also looked at privatization and diversification of the economy more closely in the wake of a diminished oil market. Historically, Saudi Arabia has focused diversification efforts on power generation, telecommunications, natural gas exploration, and petrochemical sectors. More recently, the government has approached investors about expanding the role of the private sector in the health care, education and tourism industries. While Saudi Arabia has emphasized their goals of diversification for some time, current low oil prices may force the government to make more drastic changes ahead of their long-run timeline.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$1,609,323,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$1,604,007,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$1,565,891,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "-0.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -607,6 +622,21 @@ "text": "4.1% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$46,962 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$47,597 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$47,309 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$792.849 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "-2% (2019 est.)" @@ -629,44 +659,6 @@ "text": "A- (2016)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1,609,323,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,604,007,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$1,565,891,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$792.849 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$46,962 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$47,597 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$47,309 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "33.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "33.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "30.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -698,20 +690,6 @@ "text": "-28.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "71.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "93.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "76 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "65.3 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, dates, poultry, fruit, watermelons, barley, wheat, potatoes, eggs, tomatoes" }, @@ -769,9 +747,6 @@ "text": "241.8 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-8.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -783,6 +758,9 @@ "text": "13.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "26.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1096,7 +1074,7 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "7% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "7.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "8% of GDP (2019)" diff --git a/middle-east/sy.json b/middle-east/sy.json index 696bf1f5..fed5de83 100644 --- a/middle-east/sy.json +++ b/middle-east/sy.json @@ -250,6 +250,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.85 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 99% of population" @@ -270,6 +273,9 @@ "text": "total: 0.6% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Physicians density": { "text": "1.29 physicians/1,000 population (2016)" }, @@ -308,6 +314,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "27.8% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -606,23 +615,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Syria's economy has deeply deteriorated amid the ongoing conflict that began in 2011, declining by more than 70% from 2010 to 2017. The government has struggled to fully address the effects of international sanctions, widespread infrastructure damage, diminished domestic consumption and production, reduced subsidies, and high inflation, which have caused dwindling foreign exchange reserves, rising budget and trade deficits, a decreasing value of the Syrian pound, and falling household purchasing power. In 2017, some economic indicators began to stabilize, including the exchange rate and inflation, but economic activity remains depressed and GDP almost certainly fell.
During 2017, the ongoing conflict and continued unrest and economic decline worsened the humanitarian crisis, necessitating high levels of international assistance, as more than 13 million people remain in need inside Syria, and the number of registered Syrian refugees increased from 4.8 million in 2016 to more than 5.4 million.
Prior to the turmoil, Damascus had begun liberalizing economic policies, including cutting lending interest rates, opening private banks, consolidating multiple exchange rates, raising prices on some subsidized items, and establishing the Damascus Stock Exchange, but the economy remains highly regulated. Long-run economic constraints include foreign trade barriers, declining oil production, high unemployment, rising budget deficits, increasing pressure on water supplies caused by heavy use in agriculture, industrial contaction, water pollution, and widespread infrastructure damage.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "-36.5% (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { - "text": "-30.9% (2013 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2015 dollars" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "28.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "47.3% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015": { "text": "$50.28 billion (2015 est.)" @@ -635,8 +627,14 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollarsTurkey's largely free-market economy is driven by its industry and, increasingly, service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. The automotive, petrochemical, and electronics industries have risen in importance and surpassed the traditional textiles and clothing sectors within Turkey's export mix. However, the recent period of political stability and economic dynamism has given way to domestic uncertainty and security concerns, which are generating financial market volatility and weighing on Turkey’s economic outlook.
Current government policies emphasize populist spending measures and credit breaks, while implementation of structural economic reforms has slowed. The government is playing a more active role in some strategic sectors and has used economic institutions and regulators to target political opponents, undermining private sector confidence in the judicial system. Between July 2016 and March 2017, three credit ratings agencies downgraded Turkey’s sovereign credit ratings, citing concerns about the rule of law and the pace of economic reforms.
Turkey remains highly dependent on imported oil and gas but is pursuing energy relationships with a broader set of international partners and taking steps to increase use of domestic energy sources including renewables, nuclear, and coal. The joint Turkish-Azerbaijani Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline is moving forward to increase transport of Caspian gas to Turkey and Europe, and when completed will help diversify Turkey's sources of imported gas.
After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms strengthened the country's economic fundamentals and ushered in an era of strong growth, averaging more than 6% annually until 2008. An aggressive privatization program also reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, power generation, and communication. Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused GDP to contract in 2009, but Turkey's well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country weather the global financial crisis, and GDP growth rebounded to around 9% in 2010 and 2011, as exports and investment recovered following the crisis.
The growth of Turkish GDP since 2016 has revealed the persistent underlying imbalances in the Turkish economy. In particular, Turkey’s large current account deficit means it must rely on external investment inflows to finance growth, leaving the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence. Other troublesome trends include rising unemployment and inflation, which increased in 2017, given the Turkish lira’s continuing depreciation against the dollar. Although government debt remains low at about 30% of GDP, bank and corporate borrowing has almost tripled as a percent of GDP during the past decade, outpacing its emerging-market peers and prompting investor concerns about its long-term sustainability.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$2,371,374,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$2,349,836,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$2,282,304,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "0.98% (2019 est.)" @@ -650,6 +662,21 @@ "text": "7.54% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$28,424 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$28,545 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$28,141 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$760.028 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "15.4% (2019 est.)" @@ -672,44 +699,6 @@ "text": "B+ (2018)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$2,371,374,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$2,349,836,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$2,282,304,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$760.028 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$28,424 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$28,545 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$28,141 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "26% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "27.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "26% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "6.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -741,20 +730,6 @@ "text": "-29.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "76.8 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "88.8 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "91.6 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "71.4 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, wheat, sugar beet, tomatoes, barley, maize, potatoes, grapes, watermelons, apples" }, @@ -814,9 +789,6 @@ "text": "185.8 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -828,6 +800,9 @@ "text": "28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "20.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1173,7 +1148,7 @@ "note": "note(s): between 2016 and 2020, Turkey conducted four major military campaigns in northern Syria; Turkey has deployed troops into northern Iraq on numerous occasions to combat the Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK), including large operations involving thousands of troops in 2007, 2011, and 2018; its most recent incursions were smaller-scale raids in April and February of 2021; in 2020, Turkey deployed an undetermined number of Turkish military troops and an estimated 3,500-5,000 Syrian fighters to Libya to support the Libyan Government of National Accord (GNA)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) has actively pursued the goal of asserting civilian control over the military since first taking power in 2002; the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) role in internal security has been significantly reduced; the TSK leadership continues to be an influential institution within Turkey, but plays a much smaller role in politics; the Turkish military remains focused on the threats emanating from the Syrian civil war, Russia's actions in Ukraine, and the PKK insurgency; primary domestic threats are listed as fundamentalism (with the definition in some dispute with the civilian government), separatism (Kurdish discontent), and the extreme left wing; Ankara strongly opposed establishment of an autonomous Kurdish region in Iraq; an overhaul of the Turkish Land Forces Command (TLFC) taking place under the \"Force 2014\" program is to produce 20-30% smaller, more highly trained forces characterized by greater mobility and firepower and capable of joint and combined operations; the TLFC has taken on increasing international peacekeeping responsibilities including in Afghanistan; the Turkish Navy is a regional naval power that wants to develop the capability to project power beyond Turkey's coastal waters; the Navy is heavily involved in NATO, multinational, and UN operations; its roles include control of territorial waters and security for sea lines of communications; the Turkish Air Force adopted an \"Aerospace and Missile Defense Concept\" in 2002 and has initiated project work on an integrated missile defense system; in a controversial move, it purchased the Russian S-400 air defense system for an estimated $2.5 billion in July 2019; Air Force priorities include attaining a modern deployable, survivable, and sustainable force structure, and establishing a sustainable command and control system; Turkey is a NATO ally (joined 1952) and hosts NATO's Land Forces Command in Izmir, as well as the AN/TPY-2 radar as part of NATO Missile Defense" + "text": "the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) has actively pursued the goal of asserting civilian control over the military since first taking power in 2002; the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) role in internal security has been significantly reduced; the TSK leadership continues to be an influential institution within Turkey, but plays a much smaller role in politics; the Turkish military remains focused on the threats emanating from the Syrian civil war, Russia's actions in Ukraine, and the PKK insurgency; primary domestic threats are listed as fundamentalism (with the definition in some dispute with the civilian government), separatism (Kurdish discontent), and the extreme left wing; Ankara strongly opposed establishment of an autonomous Kurdish region in Iraq; an overhaul of the Turkish Land Forces Command (TLFC) taking place under the \"Force 2014\" program is to produce 20-30% smaller, more highly trained forces characterized by greater mobility and firepower and capable of joint and combined operations; the TLFC has taken on increasing international peacekeeping responsibilities, including keeping a substantial force under NATO in Afghanistan until withdrawing in 2021; the Turkish Navy is a regional naval power that wants to develop the capability to project power beyond Turkey's coastal waters; it is planning to launch new frigates, submarines, and a light aircraft carrier/amphibious assault ship in the next few years, adding to its current force of about 16 frigates and 12 submarines (as of 2021); the Navy is heavily involved in NATO, multinational, and UN operations; its roles include control of territorial waters and security for sea lines of communications; the Turkish Air Force adopted an \"Aerospace and Missile Defense Concept\" in 2002 and has initiated project work on an integrated missile defense system; in a controversial move, it purchased the Russian S-400 air defense system for an estimated $2.5 billion in July 2019; Air Force priorities include attaining a modern deployable, survivable, and sustainable force structure, and establishing a sustainable command and control system; Turkey is a NATO ally (joined 1952) and hosts NATO's Land Forces Command in Izmir, as well as the AN/TPY-2 radar as part of NATO Missile Defense; Turkey in recent years has built expeditionary military bases in Qatar, Somalia, northern Cyprus, and Sudan" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "President Erdoğan on 25 June 2019 signed a new law cutting the men’s mandatory military service period in half, as well as making paid military service permanent; with the new system, the period of conscription was reduced from 12 months to six months for privates and non-commissioned soldiers (the service term for reserve officers chosen among university or college graduates will remain 12 months); after completing six months of service, if a conscripted soldier wants to and is suitable for extending his military service, he may do so for an additional six months in return for a monthly salary; under the new law, all male Turkish citizens over the age of 20 will be required to undergo a one month military training period, but they can obtain an exemption from the remaining five months of their mandatory service by paying 31,000 Turkish Liras (2019)" @@ -1191,7 +1166,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "3,710,497 (Syria) (2021); 173,250 (Iraq) (asylum seekers), 116,400 (Afghanistan) (asylum seekers), 27,000 (Iran) (asylum seekers) (2020)" + "text": "3,713,344 (Syria) (2021); 173,250 (Iraq) (asylum seekers), 116,400 (Afghanistan) (asylum seekers), 27,000 (Iran) (asylum seekers) (2020)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1.099 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2020)" diff --git a/middle-east/we.json b/middle-east/we.json index bb9f58f4..c0906fdb 100644 --- a/middle-east/we.json +++ b/middle-east/we.json @@ -265,6 +265,9 @@ }, "note": "note: includes Gaza Strip and the West Bank" }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Physicians density": { "text": "1.45 physicians/1,000 population (2017)" }, @@ -443,27 +446,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "In 2017, the economic outlook in the West Bank - the larger of the two areas comprising the Palestinian Territories – remained fragile, as security concerns and political friction slowed economic growth. Unemployment in the West Bank remained high at 19.0% in the third quarter of 2017, only slightly better than 19.6% at the same point the previous year, while the labor force participation rate remained flat, year-on-year.
Longstanding Israeli restrictions on imports, exports, and movement of goods and people continue to disrupt labor and trade flows and the territory’s industrial capacity, and constrain private sector development. The PA’s budget benefited from an effort to improve tax collection, coupled with lower spending in 2017, but the PA for the foreseeable future will continue to rely heavily on donor aid for its budgetary needs and infrastructure development.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "5.3% (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { - "text": "1% (2013 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2012": { - "text": "6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "0.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-0.2% (2016 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip" - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": { "text": "$21.22 billion (2014 est.)" @@ -476,8 +458,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2014 US dollars; includes Gaza Strip" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$9.828 billion (2014 est.)", + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { + "text": "5.3% (2014 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { + "text": "1% (2013 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2012": { + "text": "6% (2012 est.)" + }, "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip" }, "Real GDP per capita": { @@ -492,17 +482,18 @@ }, "note": "note: includes Gaza Strip" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "15.5% of GDP (2018 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$9.828 billion (2014 est.)", + "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "0.2% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "14.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "-0.2% (2016 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2012": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: includes Gaza Strip" + "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip" }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -602,9 +593,6 @@ }, "note": "note: includes Palestinian Authority expenditures in the Gaza Strip" }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "13.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "0.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -616,6 +604,9 @@ "text": "23.8% of GDP (2013 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "13.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/middle-east/ym.json b/middle-east/ym.json index 78b1ff41..c09cbc9b 100644 --- a/middle-east/ym.json +++ b/middle-east/ym.json @@ -668,25 +668,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Yemen is a low-income country that faces difficult long-term challenges to stabilizing and growing its economy, and the current conflict has only exacerbated those issues. The ongoing war has halted Yemen’s exports, pressured the currency’s exchange rate, accelerated inflation, severely limited food and fuel imports, and caused widespread damage to infrastructure. The conflict has also created a severe humanitarian crisis - the world’s largest cholera outbreak currently at nearly 1 million cases, more than 7 million people at risk of famine, and more than 80% of the population in need of humanitarian assistance.
Prior to the start of the conflict in 2014, Yemen was highly dependent on declining oil and gas resources for revenue. Oil and gas earnings accounted for roughly 25% of GDP and 65% of government revenue. The Yemeni Government regularly faced annual budget shortfalls and tried to diversify the Yemeni economy through a reform program designed to bolster non-oil sectors of the economy and foreign investment. In July 2014, the government continued reform efforts by eliminating some fuel subsidies and in August 2014, the IMF approved a three-year, $570 million Extended Credit Facility for Yemen.
However, the conflict that began in 2014 stalled these reform efforts and ongoing fighting continues to accelerate the country’s economic decline. In September 2016, President HADI announced the move of the main branch of Central Bank of Yemen from Sanaa to Aden where his government could exert greater control over the central bank’s dwindling resources. Regardless of which group controls the main branch, the central bank system is struggling to function. Yemen’s Central Bank’s foreign reserves, which stood at roughly $5.2 billion prior to the conflict, have declined to negligible amounts. The Central Bank can no longer fully support imports of critical goods or the country’s exchange rate. The country also is facing a growing liquidity crisis and rising inflation. The private sector is hemorrhaging, with almost all businesses making substantial layoffs. Access to food and other critical commodities such as medical equipment is limited across the country due to security issues on the ground. The Social Welfare Fund, a cash transfer program for Yemen’s neediest, is no longer operational and has not made any disbursements since late 2014.
Yemen will require significant international assistance during and after the protracted conflict to stabilize its economy. Long-term challenges include a high population growth rate, high unemployment, declining water resources, and severe food scarcity.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "-5.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "-13.6% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "-16.7% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "24.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "-12.6% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { "text": "$73.63 billion (2017 est.)" @@ -699,8 +680,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$54.356 billion (2018 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "-5.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "-13.6% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "-16.7% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2017": { @@ -714,15 +703,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "-1.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$54.356 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "24.7% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "-3.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "-4.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "-12.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -756,20 +745,6 @@ "text": "-43.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "31.8 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "76.8 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "0 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "48.5 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "mangoes/guavas, potatoes, sorghum, onions, milk, poultry, watermelons, grapes, oranges, bananas" }, @@ -820,9 +795,6 @@ "text": "4.458 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-5.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -834,6 +806,9 @@ "text": "68.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -912,6 +887,9 @@ }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { + "population without electricity": { + "text": "16 million (2019)" + }, "electrification - total population": { "text": "47% (2019)" }, @@ -1177,7 +1155,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "112,865 (Somalia), 16,447 (Ethiopia) (2021)" + "text": "113,549 (Somalia), 16,447 (Ethiopia) (2021)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "4,002,012 (conflict in Sa'ada Governorate; clashes between al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula and government forces) (2020)" diff --git a/north-america/bd.json b/north-america/bd.json index 5423f474..bd3b91ce 100644 --- a/north-america/bd.json +++ b/north-america/bd.json @@ -220,6 +220,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.91 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 100% of population" @@ -228,6 +231,9 @@ "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -251,6 +257,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -496,6 +505,17 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "International business, which consists primarily of insurance and other financial services, is the real bedrock of Bermuda's economy, consistently accounting for about 85% of the island's GDP. Tourism is the country’s second largest industry, accounting for about 5% of Bermuda's GDP but a much larger share of employment. Over 80% of visitors come from the US and the sector struggled in the wake of the global recession of 2008-09. Even the financial sector has lost roughly 5,000 high-paying expatriate jobs since 2008, weighing heavily on household consumption and retail sales. Bermuda must import almost everything. Agriculture and industry are limited due to the small size of the island.
Bermuda's economy returned to negative growth in 2016, reporting a contraction of 0.1% GDP, after growing by 0.6% in 2015. Unemployment reached 7% in 2016 and 2017, public debt is growing and exceeds $2.4 billion, and the government continues to work on attracting foreign investment. Still, Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$5.228 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$5.204 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$5.227 billion (2017 est.)" + } + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { "text": "-0.1% (2016 est.)" @@ -507,6 +527,20 @@ "text": "-0.3% (2014 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$81,798 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$81,421 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$81,835 (2017 est.)" + } + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$6.127 billion (2016 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -526,39 +560,6 @@ "text": "A+ (2015)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$5.228 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$5.204 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$5.227 billion (2017 est.)" - } - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$6.127 billion (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$81,798 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$81,421 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$81,835 (2017 est.)" - } - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "40.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "40.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -640,9 +641,6 @@ "text": "1.176 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -651,6 +649,9 @@ "text": "43% of GDP (FY14/15)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "16.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, diff --git a/north-america/ca.json b/north-america/ca.json index fba1dcb2..40f988ca 100644 --- a/north-america/ca.json +++ b/north-america/ca.json @@ -257,6 +257,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.57 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -318,6 +321,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "29.4% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.3% of GDP (2011)" }, @@ -529,10 +535,10 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:Canada resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and high living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. Canada has a large oil and natural gas sector with the majority of crude oil production derived from oil sands in the western provinces, especially Alberta. Canada now ranks third in the world in proved oil reserves behind Venezuela and Saudi Arabia and is the world’s seventh-largest oil producer.
TThe 1989 Canada-US Free Trade Agreement and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (which includes Mexico) dramatically increased trade and economic integration between the US and Canada. Canada and the US enjoy the world’s most comprehensive bilateral trade and investment relationship, with goods and services trade totaling more than $680 billion in 2017, and two-way investment stocks of more than $800 billion. Over three-fourths of Canada’s merchandise exports are destined for the US each year. Canada is the largest foreign supplier of energy to the US, including oil, natural gas, and electric power, and a top source of US uranium imports.
Given its abundant natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital stock, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. The global economic crisis of 2007-08 moved the Canadian economy into sharp recession by late 2008, and Ottawa posted its first fiscal deficit in 2009 after 12 years of surplus. Canada's major banks emerged from the financial crisis of 2008-09 among the strongest in the world, owing to the financial sector's tradition of conservative lending practices and strong capitalization. Canada’s economy posted strong growth in 2017 at 3%, but most analysts are projecting Canada’s economic growth will drop back closer to 2% in 2018.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$1,843,053,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$1,813,028,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$1,777,241,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "1.66% (2019 est.)" @@ -632,6 +650,21 @@ "text": "3.17% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$49,031 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$48,924 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$48,634 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1,741,865,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.9% (2019 est.)" @@ -654,44 +687,6 @@ "text": "AAA (2002)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$1,843,053,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,813,028,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$1,777,241,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1,741,865,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$49,031 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$48,924 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$48,634 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "19.9% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "19.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "20% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -723,20 +718,6 @@ "text": "-33.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "79.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "98.2 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "88.4 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "57.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "wheat, rapeseed, maize, barley, milk, soybeans, potatoes, oats, peas, pork" }, @@ -802,9 +783,6 @@ "text": "665.7 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -817,6 +795,9 @@ }, "note": "note: figures are for gross general government debt, as opposed to net federal debt; gross general government debt includes both intragovernmental debt and the debt of public entities at the sub-national level" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "39.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, diff --git a/north-america/gl.json b/north-america/gl.json index b123bc16..daab07ae 100644 --- a/north-america/gl.json +++ b/north-america/gl.json @@ -221,6 +221,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.92 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -241,6 +244,9 @@ "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Physicians density": { "text": "1.87 physicians/1,000 population (2016)" }, @@ -276,6 +282,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -494,25 +503,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Greenland’s economy depends on exports of shrimp and fish, and on a substantial subsidy from the Danish Government. Fish account for over 90% of its exports, subjecting the economy to price fluctuations. The subsidy from the Danish Government is budgeted to be about $535 million in 2017, more than 50% of government revenues, and 25% of GDP.
The economy is expanding after a period of decline. The economy contracted between 2012 and 2014, grew by 1.7% in 2015 and by 7.7%in 2016. The expansion has been driven by larger quotas for shrimp, the predominant Greenlandic export, and also by increased activity in the construction sector, especially in Nuuk, the capital. Private consumption and tourism also are contributing to GDP growth more than in previous years. Tourism in Greenland grew annually around 20% in 2015 and 2016, largely a result of increasing numbers of cruise lines now operating in Greenland's western and southern waters during the peak summer tourism season.
The public sector, including publicly owned enterprises and the municipalities, plays a dominant role in Greenland's economy. During the last decade the Greenland Self Rule Government pursued conservative fiscal and monetary policies, but public pressure has increased for better schools, health care, and retirement systems. The budget was in deficit in 2014 and 2016, but public debt remains low at about 5% of GDP. The government plans a balanced budget for the 2017–20 period.
Significant challenges face the island, including low levels of qualified labor, geographic dispersion, lack of industry diversification, the long-term sustainability of the public budget, and a declining population due to emigration. Hydrocarbon exploration has ceased with declining oil prices. The island has potential for natural resource exploitation with rare-earth, uranium, and iron ore mineral projects proposed, but a lack of infrastructure hinders development.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "7.7% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "1.7% (2015 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "-0.8% (2014 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) January 2017": { - "text": "0.3% (January 2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) January 2016": { - "text": "1.2% (January 2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015": { "text": "$2.413 billion (2015 est.)" @@ -525,8 +515,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.221 billion (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "7.7% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "1.7% (2015 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { + "text": "-0.8% (2014 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2015": { @@ -539,6 +537,17 @@ "text": "$38,500 (2013 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2.221 billion (2015 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) January 2017": { + "text": "0.3% (January 2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) January 2016": { + "text": "1.2% (January 2016 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "15.9% (2015 est.)" @@ -628,9 +637,6 @@ "text": "1.594 billion (2016 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "77.4% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "5.6% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" }, @@ -639,6 +645,9 @@ "text": "13% of GDP (2015 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "77.4% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/north-america/ip.json b/north-america/ip.json index af7ea018..d8d10977 100644 --- a/north-america/ip.json +++ b/north-america/ip.json @@ -82,6 +82,38 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "uninhabited" + }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "15-24 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "25-54 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "55-64 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { diff --git a/north-america/mx.json b/north-america/mx.json index 50418525..3885e45b 100644 --- a/north-america/mx.json +++ b/north-america/mx.json @@ -673,6 +673,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Mexico's $2.4 trillion economy – 11th largest in the world - has become increasingly oriented toward manufacturing since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) entered into force in 1994. Per capita income is roughly one-third that of the US; income distribution remains highly unequal.
Mexico has become the US' second-largest export market and third-largest source of imports. In 2017, two-way trade in goods and services exceeded $623 billion. Mexico has free trade agreements with 46 countries, putting more than 90% of its trade under free trade agreements. In 2012, Mexico formed the Pacific Alliance with Peru, Colombia, and Chile.
Mexico's current government, led by President Enrique PENA NIETO, has emphasized economic reforms, passing and implementing sweeping energy, financial, fiscal, and telecommunications reform legislation, among others, with the long-term aim to improve competitiveness and economic growth across the Mexican economy. Since 2015, Mexico has held public auctions of oil and gas exploration and development rights and for long-term electric power generation contracts. Mexico has also issued permits for private sector import, distribution, and retail sales of refined petroleum products in an effort to attract private investment into the energy sector and boost production.
Since 2013, Mexico’s economic growth has averaged 2% annually, falling short of private-sector expectations that President PENA NIETO’s sweeping reforms would bolster economic prospects. Growth is predicted to remain below potential given falling oil production, weak oil prices, structural issues such as low productivity, high inequality, a large informal sector employing over half of the workforce, weak rule of law, and corruption. Mexico’s economy remains vulnerable to uncertainty surrounding the future of NAFTA — because the United States is its top trading partner and the two countries share integrated supply chains — and to potential shifts in domestic policies following the inauguration of a new a president in December 2018.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$2,525,481,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$2,526,859,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$2,472,586,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "-0.3% (2019 est.)" @@ -684,6 +696,21 @@ "text": "2.34% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$19,796 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$20,024 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$19,816 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1,269,956,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "3.6% (2019 est.)" @@ -706,44 +733,6 @@ "text": "BBB (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$2,525,481,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$2,526,859,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$2,472,586,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1,269,956,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$19,796 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$20,024 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$19,816 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "23.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "23.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "23.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "3.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -775,20 +764,6 @@ "text": "-39.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "72.4 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "86.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "82.1 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "67 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, maize, milk, oranges, sorghum, tomatoes, poultry, wheat, green chillies/peppers, eggs" }, @@ -848,9 +823,6 @@ "text": "273.8 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "22.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -862,6 +834,9 @@ "text": "56.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "22.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1193,6 +1168,9 @@ "note": "note: the National Guard was formed in 2019 and consists of personnel from the Federal Police and military police units of the Army and Navy; while the Guard is part of the civilian-led Ministry of Security and Citizen Protection, the Defense Ministry has day-to-day operational control; in addition, the armed forces provide the commanders and the training" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "0.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "0.5% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1204,9 +1182,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "0.6% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "0.7% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/north-america/sb.json b/north-america/sb.json index 5a44978c..a539a024 100644 --- a/north-america/sb.json +++ b/north-america/sb.json @@ -223,6 +223,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.58 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: total": { "text": "total: 91.4% of population" @@ -231,6 +234,9 @@ "text": "total: 8.6% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -240,6 +246,9 @@ "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" } @@ -352,7 +361,7 @@ "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Prefect Christian POUGET (since 6 January 2021)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President of Territorial Council Stephane LENORMAND (since 24 October 2017)" + "text": "President of Territorial Council Bernard BRIAND (since 13 October 2020)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Le Cabinet du Prefet" @@ -412,17 +421,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. The services sector accounted for 86% of GDP in 2010, the last year data is available for. Government employment accounts for than 46% of the GDP, and 78% of the population is working age.
The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Fish farming, crab fishing, and agriculture are being developed to diversify the local economy. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector. Trade is the second largest sector in terms of value added created, where it contributes significantly to economic activity. The extractive industries and energy sector is the third largest sector of activity in the archipelago, attributable in part to the construction of a new thermal power plant in 2015.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "text": "NA
" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015": { - "text": "1.5% (2015)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2010": { - "text": "4.5% (2010)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015": { "text": "$261.3 million (2015 est.)" @@ -432,8 +430,8 @@ }, "note": "note: supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$261.3 million (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "text": "NA
" }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2006": { @@ -443,6 +441,17 @@ "text": "$34,900 (2005)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$261.3 million (2015 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015": { + "text": "1.5% (2015)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2010": { + "text": "4.5% (2010)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "2% (2006 est.)" @@ -504,12 +513,12 @@ "text": "60 million (1996 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.8% (of GDP) (1996 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "3.8% (of GDP) (1996 est.)" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "26.8% (of GDP) (1996 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/north-america/us.json b/north-america/us.json index e91ba172..44406179 100644 --- a/north-america/us.json +++ b/north-america/us.json @@ -588,6 +588,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The US has the most technologically powerful economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $59,500. US firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers, pharmaceuticals, and medical, aerospace, and military equipment; however, their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II. Based on a comparison of GDP measured at purchasing power parity conversion rates, the US economy in 2014, having stood as the largest in the world for more than a century, slipped into second place behind China, which has more than tripled the US growth rate for each year of the past four decades.
In the US, private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and services predominantly in the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy greater flexibility than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. At the same time, businesses face higher barriers to enter their rivals' home markets than foreign firms face entering US markets.
Long-term problems for the US include stagnation of wages for lower-income families, inadequate investment in deteriorating infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, energy shortages, and sizable current account and budget deficits.
The onrush of technology has been a driving factor in the gradual development of a \"two-tier\" labor market in which those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits. But the globalization of trade, and especially the rise of low-wage producers such as China, has put additional downward pressure on wages and upward pressure on the return to capital. Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of households. Since 1996, dividends and capital gains have grown faster than wages or any other category of after-tax income.
Imported oil accounts for more than 50% of US consumption and oil has a major impact on the overall health of the economy. Crude oil prices doubled between 2001 and 2006, the year home prices peaked; higher gasoline prices ate into consumers' budgets and many individuals fell behind in their mortgage payments. Oil prices climbed another 50% between 2006 and 2008, and bank foreclosures more than doubled in the same period. Besides dampening the housing market, soaring oil prices caused a drop in the value of the dollar and a deterioration in the US merchandise trade deficit, which peaked at $840 billion in 2008. Because the US economy is energy-intensive, falling oil prices since 2013 have alleviated many of the problems the earlier increases had created.
The sub-prime mortgage crisis, falling home prices, investment bank failures, tight credit, and the global economic downturn pushed the US into a recession by mid-2008. GDP contracted until the third quarter of 2009, the deepest and longest downturn since the Great Depression. To help stabilize financial markets, the US Congress established a $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program in October 2008. The government used some of these funds to purchase equity in US banks and industrial corporations, much of which had been returned to the government by early 2011. In January 2009, Congress passed and former President Barack OBAMA signed a bill providing an additional $787 billion fiscal stimulus to be used over 10 years - two-thirds on additional spending and one-third on tax cuts - to create jobs and to help the economy recover. In 2010 and 2011, the federal budget deficit reached nearly 9% of GDP. In 2012, the Federal Government reduced the growth of spending and the deficit shrank to 7.6% of GDP. US revenues from taxes and other sources are lower, as a percentage of GDP, than those of most other countries.
Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan required major shifts in national resources from civilian to military purposes and contributed to the growth of the budget deficit and public debt. Through FY 2018, the direct costs of the wars will have totaled more than $1.9 trillion, according to US Government figures.
In March 2010, former President OBAMA signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), a health insurance reform that was designed to extend coverage to an additional 32 million Americans by 2016, through private health insurance for the general population and Medicaid for the impoverished. Total spending on healthcare - public plus private - rose from 9.0% of GDP in 1980 to 17.9% in 2010.
In July 2010, the former president signed the DODD-FRANK Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, a law designed to promote financial stability by protecting consumers from financial abuses, ending taxpayer bailouts of financial firms, dealing with troubled banks that are \"too big to fail,\" and improving accountability and transparency in the financial system - in particular, by requiring certain financial derivatives to be traded in markets that are subject to government regulation and oversight.
The Federal Reserve Board (Fed) announced plans in December 2012 to purchase $85 billion per month of mortgage-backed and Treasury securities in an effort to hold down long-term interest rates, and to keep short-term rates near zero until unemployment dropped below 6.5% or inflation rose above 2.5%. The Fed ended its purchases during the summer of 2014, after the unemployment rate dropped to 6.2%, inflation stood at 1.7%, and public debt fell below 74% of GDP. In December 2015, the Fed raised its target for the benchmark federal funds rate by 0.25%, the first increase since the recession began. With continued low growth, the Fed opted to raise rates several times since then, and in December 2017, the target rate stood at 1.5%.
In December 2017, Congress passed and former President Donald TRUMP signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which, among its various provisions, reduces the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%; lowers the individual tax rate for those with the highest incomes from 39.6% to 37%, and by lesser percentages for those at lower income levels; changes many deductions and credits used to calculate taxable income; and eliminates in 2019 the penalty imposed on taxpayers who do not obtain the minimum amount of health insurance required under the ACA. The new taxes took effect on 1 January 2018; the tax cut for corporations are permanent, but those for individuals are scheduled to expire after 2025. The Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) under the Congressional Budget Office estimates that the new law will reduce tax revenues and increase the federal deficit by about $1.45 trillion over the 2018-2027 period. This amount would decline if economic growth were to exceed the JCT’s estimate.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$20,524,945,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$20,090,748,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$19,519,353,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.16% (2019 est.)" @@ -599,6 +611,21 @@ "text": "2.33% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$62,530 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$61,498 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$60,062 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$21,433,228,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.8% (2019 est.)" @@ -621,44 +648,6 @@ "text": "AA+ (2011)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$20,524,945,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$20,090,748,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$19,519,353,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$21,433,228,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$62,530 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$61,498 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$60,062 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "18.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "18.6% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "18.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -690,20 +679,6 @@ "text": "-15% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "84 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "91.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "92 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "73.4 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "maize, milk, soybeans, wheat, sugar cane, sugar beet, poultry, potatoes, cotton, pork" }, @@ -786,10 +761,6 @@ }, "note": "note: revenues exclude social contributions of approximately $1.0 trillion; expenditures exclude social benefits of approximately $2.3 trillion" }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "17% (of GDP) (2017 est.)", - "note": "note: excludes contributions for social security and other programs; if social contributions were added, taxes and other revenues would amount to approximately 22% of GDP" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -802,6 +773,10 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover only what the United States Treasury denotes as \"Debt Held by the Public,\" which includes all debt instruments issued by the Treasury that are owned by non-US Government entities; the data include Treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by individual US states, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of Treasury borrowings from surpluses in the trusts for Federal Social Security, Federal Employees, Hospital and Supplemental Medical Insurance (Medicare), Disability and Unemployment, and several other smaller trusts; if data for intragovernment debt were added, \"gross debt\" would increase by about one-third of GDP" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "17% (of GDP) (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: excludes contributions for social security and other programs; if social contributions were added, taxes and other revenues would amount to approximately 22% of GDP" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, diff --git a/oceans/zn.json b/oceans/zn.json index cf515f01..54afcb72 100644 --- a/oceans/zn.json +++ b/oceans/zn.json @@ -56,6 +56,11 @@ "text": "the major chokepoints are the Bering Strait, Panama Canal, Luzon Strait, and the Singapore Strait; the Equator divides the Pacific Ocean into the North Pacific Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean; dotted with low coral islands and rugged volcanic islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean; much of the Pacific Ocean's rim lies along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters that accounts for up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes; the Pacific Ocean is the deepest ocean basin averaging 4,000 m in depth" } }, + "People and Society": { + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Environment": { "Environment - current issues": { "text": "pollution (such as sewage, runoff from land and toxic waste); habitat destruction; over-fishing; climate change leading to sea level rise, ocean acidification, and warming; endangered marine species include the dugong, sea lion, sea otter, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in Philippine Sea and South China Sea" diff --git a/south-america/ar.json b/south-america/ar.json index 9c9a4445..b57b823b 100644 --- a/south-america/ar.json +++ b/south-america/ar.json @@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:Argentina benefits from rich natural resources, a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Although one of the world's wealthiest countries 100 years ago, Argentina suffered during most of the 20th century from recurring economic crises, persistent fiscal and current account deficits, high inflation, mounting external debt, and capital flight.
Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER succeeded her husband as president in late 2007, and in 2008 the rapid economic growth of previous years slowed sharply as government policies held back exports and the world economy fell into recession. In 2010 the economy rebounded strongly, but slowed in late 2011 even as the government continued to rely on expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, which kept inflation in the double digits.
In order to deal with these problems, the government expanded state intervention in the economy: it nationalized the oil company YPF from Spain's Repsol, expanded measures to restrict imports, and further tightened currency controls in an effort to bolster foreign reserves and stem capital flight. Between 2011 and 2013, Central Bank foreign reserves dropped $21.3 billion from a high of $52.7 billion. In July 2014, Argentina and China agreed on an $11 billion currency swap; the Argentine Central Bank has received the equivalent of $3.2 billion in Chinese yuan, which it counts as international reserves.
With the election of President Mauricio MACRI in November 2015, Argentina began a historic political and economic transformation, as his administration took steps to liberalize the Argentine economy, lifting capital controls, floating the peso, removing export controls on some commodities, cutting some energy subsidies, and reforming the country’s official statistics. Argentina negotiated debt payments with holdout bond creditors, continued working with the IMF to shore up its finances, and returned to international capital markets in April 2016.
In 2017, Argentina’s economy emerged from recession with GDP growth of nearly 3.0%. The government passed important pension, tax, and fiscal reforms. And after years of international isolation, Argentina took on several international leadership roles, including hosting the World Economic Forum on Latin America and the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference, and is set to assume the presidency of the G-20 in 2018.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$991.523 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$1,012,668,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$1,039,330,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "-2.03% (2019 est.)" @@ -638,6 +650,21 @@ "text": "2.83% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$22,064 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$22,759 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$23,597 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$447.467 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "25.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -658,44 +685,6 @@ "text": "CCC+ (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$991.523 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$1,012,668,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$1,039,330,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$447.467 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$22,064 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$22,759 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$23,597 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "15.8% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "14.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "13.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "10.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -727,20 +716,6 @@ "text": "-13.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "59 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "80.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "67.1 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "57.5 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "maize, soybeans, wheat, sugar cane, milk, barley, sunflower seed, beef, grapes, potatoes" }, @@ -801,9 +776,6 @@ "text": "158.6 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "18.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -815,6 +787,9 @@ "text": "55% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "18.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/south-america/bl.json b/south-america/bl.json index 2051f016..47d4f648 100644 --- a/south-america/bl.json +++ b/south-america/bl.json @@ -641,6 +641,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Bolivia is a resource rich country with strong growth attributed to captive markets for natural gas exports – to Brazil and Argentina. However, the country remains one of the least developed countries in Latin America because of state-oriented policies that deter investment.
Following an economic crisis during the early 1980s, reforms in the 1990s spurred private investment, stimulated economic growth, and cut poverty rates. The period 2003-05 was characterized by political instability, racial tensions, and violent protests against plans - subsequently abandoned - to export Bolivia's newly discovered natural gas reserves to large Northern Hemisphere markets. In 2005-06, the government passed hydrocarbon laws that imposed significantly higher royalties and required foreign firms then operating under risk-sharing contracts to surrender all production to the state energy company in exchange for a predetermined service fee; the laws engendered much public debate. High commodity prices between 2010 and 2014 sustained rapid growth and large trade surpluses with GDP growing 6.8% in 2013 and 5.4% in 2014. The global decline in oil prices that began in late 2014 exerted downward pressure on the price Bolivia receives for exported gas and resulted in lower GDP growth rates - 4.9% in 2015 and 4.3% in 2016 - and losses in government revenue as well as fiscal and trade deficits.
A lack of foreign investment in the key sectors of mining and hydrocarbons, along with conflict among social groups, pose challenges for the Bolivian economy. In 2015, President Evo MORALES expanded efforts to court international investment and boost Bolivia’s energy production capacity. MORALES passed an investment law and promised not to nationalize additional industries in an effort to improve the investment climate. In early 2016, the Government of Bolivia approved the 2016-2020 National Economic and Social Development Plan aimed at maintaining growth of 5% and reducing poverty.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$100.445 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$98.267 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$94.285 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.22% (2019 est.)" @@ -652,6 +664,21 @@ "text": "4.19% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$8,724 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$8,656 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$8,424 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$40.822 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "1.8% (2019 est.)" @@ -674,44 +701,6 @@ "text": "B+ (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$100.445 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$98.267 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$94.285 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$40.822 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$8,724 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$8,656 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$8,424 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "14.2% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "16.1% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "16.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "13.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -743,20 +732,6 @@ "text": "-31.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "51.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "69.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "71.6 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "55.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, soybeans, potatoes, maize, sorghum, rice, milk, plantains, poultry, bananas" }, @@ -816,9 +791,6 @@ "text": "18.02 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-7.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -831,6 +803,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "39.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1149,6 +1124,9 @@ "text": "Bolivian Armed Forces: Bolivian Army (Ejercito de Boliviano, EB), Bolivian Naval Force (Fuerza Naval Boliviana, FNB, includes Marines), Bolivian Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Boliviana, FAB); Ministry of Interior: National Police (Policía Nacional de Bolivia, PNB; includes Anti-Narcotics Special Forces (Fuerza Especial de Lucha Contra el Narcotráfico, FELCN) and other paramilitary units (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.4% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1160,9 +1138,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.6% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.6% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/south-america/br.json b/south-america/br.json index 3bbe4221..b5ff3eb4 100644 --- a/south-america/br.json +++ b/south-america/br.json @@ -335,6 +335,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "22.1% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.3% of GDP (2017)" }, @@ -670,6 +673,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Brazil is the eighth-largest economy in the world, but is recovering from a recession in 2015 and 2016 that ranks as the worst in the country’s history. In 2017, Brazil`s GDP grew 1%, inflation fell to historic lows of 2.9%, and the Central Bank lowered benchmark interest rates from 13.75% in 2016 to 7%.
The economy has been negatively affected by multiple corruption scandals involving private companies and government officials, including the impeachment and conviction of Former President Dilma ROUSSEFF in August 2016. Sanctions against the firms involved — some of the largest in Brazil — have limited their business opportunities, producing a ripple effect on associated businesses and contractors but creating opportunities for foreign companies to step into what had been a closed market.
The succeeding TEMER administration has implemented a series of fiscal and structural reforms to restore credibility to government finances. Congress approved legislation in December 2016 to cap public spending. Government spending growth had pushed public debt to 73.7% of GDP at the end of 2017, up from over 50% in 2012. The government also boosted infrastructure projects, such as oil and natural gas auctions, in part to raise revenues. Other economic reforms, proposed in 2016, aim to reduce barriers to foreign investment, and to improve labor conditions. Policies to strengthen Brazil’s workforce and industrial sector, such as local content requirements, have boosted employment, but at the expense of investment.
Brazil is a member of the Common Market of the South (Mercosur), a trade bloc that includes Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay - Venezuela’s membership in the organization was suspended In August 2017. After the Asian and Russian financial crises, Mercosur adopted a protectionist stance to guard against exposure to volatile foreign markets and it currently is negotiating Free Trade Agreements with the European Union and Canada.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$3,092,216,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$3,057,465,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$3,017,715,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "1.13% (2019 est.)" @@ -681,6 +696,21 @@ "text": "1.62% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$14,652 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$14,596 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$14,520 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1,877,942,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "3.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -703,44 +733,6 @@ "text": "BB- (2018)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$3,092,216,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$3,057,465,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$3,017,715,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1,877,942,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$14,652 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$14,596 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$14,520 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "12.2% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "12.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "13.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "6.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -772,20 +764,6 @@ "text": "-11.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "59.1 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "81.3 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "69.9 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "64.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, soybeans, maize, milk, cassava, oranges, poultry, rice, beef, cotton" }, @@ -845,9 +823,6 @@ "text": "756.3 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "35.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -859,6 +834,9 @@ "text": "78.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "35.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1194,6 +1172,9 @@ "text": "Brazilian Armed Forces: Brazilian Army (Exercito Brasileiro, EB), Brazilian Navy (Marinha do Brasil, MB, includes Naval Aviation and Marine Corps (Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais)), Brazilian Air Force (Forca Aerea Brasileira, FAB); Public Security Forces (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1205,9 +1186,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.4% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/south-america/ci.json b/south-america/ci.json index d6f16c72..d804bee4 100644 --- a/south-america/ci.json +++ b/south-america/ci.json @@ -640,6 +640,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Chile has a market-oriented economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade and a reputation for strong financial institutions and sound policy that have given it the strongest sovereign bond rating in South America. Exports of goods and services account for approximately one-third of GDP, with commodities making up some 60% of total exports. Copper is Chile’s top export and provides 20% of government revenue.
From 2003 through 2013, real growth averaged almost 5% per year, despite a slight contraction in 2009 that resulted from the global financial crisis. Growth slowed to an estimated 1.4% in 2017. A continued drop in copper prices prompted Chile to experience its third consecutive year of slow growth.
Chile deepened its longstanding commitment to trade liberalization with the signing of a free trade agreement with the US, effective 1 January 2004. Chile has 26 trade agreements covering 60 countries including agreements with the EU, Mercosur, China, India, South Korea, and Mexico. In May 2010, Chile signed the OECD Convention, becoming the first South American country to join the OECD. In October 2015, Chile signed the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement, which was finalized as the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and signed at a ceremony in Chile in March 2018.
The Chilean Government has generally followed a countercyclical fiscal policy, under which it accumulates surpluses in sovereign wealth funds during periods of high copper prices and economic growth, and generally allows deficit spending only during periods of low copper prices and growth. As of 31 October 2016, those sovereign wealth funds - kept mostly outside the country and separate from Central Bank reserves - amounted to more than $23.5 billion. Chile used these funds to finance fiscal stimulus packages during the 2009 economic downturn.
In 2014, then-President Michelle BACHELET introduced tax reforms aimed at delivering her campaign promise to fight inequality and to provide access to education and health care. The reforms are expected to generate additional tax revenues equal to 3% of Chile’s GDP, mostly by increasing corporate tax rates to OECD averages.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$459.134 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$454.344 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$437.082 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "1.03% (2019 est.)" @@ -651,6 +663,21 @@ "text": "1.41% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$24,226 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$24,259 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$23,664 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$282.655 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.2% (2019 est.)" @@ -673,44 +700,6 @@ "text": "A+ (2017)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$459.134 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$454.344 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$437.082 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$282.655 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$24,226 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$24,259 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$23,664 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "18.9% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "18.6% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "18.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -742,20 +731,6 @@ "text": "-27% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "72.6 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "91.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "80.6 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "64.7 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "grapes, apples, wheat, sugar beet, milk, potatoes, tomatoes, maize, poultry, pork" }, @@ -814,9 +789,6 @@ "text": "65.38 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "20.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -828,6 +800,9 @@ "text": "21% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "20.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1143,6 +1118,9 @@ "note": "note: Carabineros de Chile are responsible to both the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Interior" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "2% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.8% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1154,9 +1132,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "2% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "2% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/south-america/co.json b/south-america/co.json index 672ba3ea..a5789456 100644 --- a/south-america/co.json +++ b/south-america/co.json @@ -662,6 +662,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Colombia heavily depends on energy and mining exports, making it vulnerable to fluctuations in commodity prices. Colombia is Latin America’s fourth largest oil producer and the world’s fourth largest coal producer, third largest coffee exporter, and second largest cut flowers exporter. Colombia’s economic development is hampered by inadequate infrastructure, poverty, narcotrafficking, and an uncertain security situation, in addition to dependence on primary commodities (goods that have little value-added from processing or labor inputs).
Colombia’s economy slowed in 2017 because of falling world market prices for oil and lower domestic oil production due to insurgent attacks on pipeline infrastructure. Although real GDP growth averaged 4.7% during the past decade, it fell to an estimated 1.8% in 2017. Declining oil prices also have contributed to reduced government revenues. In 2016, oil revenue dropped below 4% of the federal budget and likely remained below 4% in 2017. A Western credit rating agency in December 2017 downgraded Colombia’s sovereign credit rating to BBB-, because of weaker-than-expected growth and increasing external debt. Colombia has struggled to address local referendums against foreign investment, which have slowed its expansion, especially in the oil and mining sectors. Colombia’s FDI declined by 3% to $10.2 billion between January and September 2017.
Colombia has signed or is negotiating Free Trade Agreements (FTA) with more than a dozen countries; the US-Colombia FTA went into effect in May 2012. Colombia is a founding member of the Pacific Alliance—a regional trade block formed in 2012 by Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru to promote regional trade and economic integration. The Colombian government took steps in 2017 to address several bilateral trade irritants with the US, including those on truck scrappage, distilled spirits, pharmaceuticals, ethanol imports, and labor rights. Colombia hopes to accede to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$741.099 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$717.7 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$700.091 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "3.26% (2019 est.)" @@ -673,6 +685,21 @@ "text": "1.36% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$14,722 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$14,452 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$14,314 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$323.255 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "3.5% (2019 est.)" @@ -695,44 +722,6 @@ "text": "BBB- (2017)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$741.099 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$717.7 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$700.091 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$323.255 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$14,722 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$14,452 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$14,314 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "15.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "16.3% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "16.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "7.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -764,20 +753,6 @@ "text": "-19.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "70.1 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "87 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "62.7 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "34.3 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, milk, oil palm fruit, potatoes, rice, bananas, cassava leaves, plantains, poultry, maize" }, @@ -836,9 +811,6 @@ "text": "91.73 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "26.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -851,6 +823,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "26.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1182,7 +1157,7 @@ }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2020": { - "text": "3.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" + "text": "3% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "3.2% of GDP (2019)" diff --git a/south-america/ec.json b/south-america/ec.json index 50777383..436fa4ec 100644 --- a/south-america/ec.json +++ b/south-america/ec.json @@ -658,6 +658,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Ecuador is substantially dependent on its petroleum resources, which accounted for about a third of the country's export earnings in 2017. Remittances from overseas Ecuadorian are also important.
In 1999/2000, Ecuador's economy suffered from a banking crisis that lead to some reforms, including adoption of the US dollar as legal tender. Dollarization stabilized the economy, and positive growth returned in most of the years that followed. China has become Ecuador's largest foreign lender since 2008 and now accounts for 77.7% of the Ecuador’s bilateral debt. Various economic policies under the CORREA administration, such as an announcement in 2017 that Ecuador would terminate 13 bilateral investment treaties - including one with the US, generated economic uncertainty and discouraged private investment.
Faced with a 2013 trade deficit of $1.1 billion, Ecuador imposed tariff surcharges from 5% to 45% on an estimated 32% of imports. Ecuador’s economy fell into recession in 2015 and remained in recession in 2016. Declining oil prices and exports forced the CORREA administration to cut government oulays. Foreign investment in Ecuador is low as a result of the unstable regulatory environment and weak rule of law.
n April of 2017, Lenin MORENO was elected President of Ecuador by popular vote. His immediate challenge was to reengage the private sector to improve cash flow in the country. Ecuador’s economy returned to positive, but sluggish, growth. In early 2018, the MORENO administration held a public referendum on seven economic and political issues in a move counter to CORREA-administration policies, reduce corruption, strengthen democracy, and revive employment and the economy. The referendum resulted in repeal of taxes associated with recovery from the earthquake of 2016, reduced restrictions on metal mining in the Yasuni Intangible Zone - a protected area, and several political reforms.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$197.631 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$197.525 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$195.01 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "0.06% (2019 est.)" @@ -669,6 +681,21 @@ "text": "2.37% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$11,375 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$11,562 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$11,618 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$107.436 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "0.2% (2019 est.)" @@ -691,44 +718,6 @@ "text": "B- (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$197.631 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$197.525 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$195.01 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$107.436 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$11,375 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$11,562 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$11,618 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "24.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "25.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "25.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "6.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -760,20 +749,6 @@ "text": "-21.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "57.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "69.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "71.2 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "57.5 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, bananas, milk, oil palm fruit, maize, rice, plantains, poultry, cocoa, potatoes" }, @@ -835,9 +810,6 @@ "text": "38.08 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "32% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-4.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -849,6 +821,9 @@ "text": "43.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "32% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1162,6 +1137,9 @@ "text": "Ecuadorian Armed Forces: the Ecuadorian Army (El Ejército Ecuatoriano), Ecuadorian Navy (Fuerza Naval del Ecuador, FNE, includes naval infantry, naval aviation, coast guard), Ecuadorian Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Ecuatoriana, FAE); Ministry of Interior: National Police (Policía Nacional del Ecuador) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "2.3% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "2.3% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1173,9 +1151,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "2.5% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "2.6% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/south-america/fk.json b/south-america/fk.json index 6ad07378..295243b8 100644 --- a/south-america/fk.json +++ b/south-america/fk.json @@ -121,6 +121,23 @@ "Religions": { "text": "Christian 57.1%, other 1.6%, none 35.4%, unspecified 6% (2016 est.)" }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "15-24 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "25-54 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "55-64 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.01% (2014 est.)" }, @@ -178,6 +195,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "NA" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 100% of population" @@ -198,6 +218,9 @@ "text": "total: 5% of population (2017 est.)" } }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Sanitation facility access": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 95% of population" @@ -226,6 +249,9 @@ }, "HIV/AIDS - deaths": { "text": "NA" + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { @@ -389,22 +415,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but fishing and tourism currently comprise the bulk of economic activity. In 1987, the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falkland Islands' exclusive fishing zone. These license fees net more than $40 million per year, which help support the island's health, education, and welfare system. The waters around the Falkland Islands are known for their squid, which account for around 75% of the annual 200,000-ton catch.
Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Foreign exchange earnings come from shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and from the sale of postage stamps and coins.
Tourism, especially ecotourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 69,000 visitors in 2009 and adds approximately $5.5 million to the Falkland’s annual GDP. The British military presence also provides a sizable economic boost. The islands are now self-financing except for defense.
In 1993, the British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day. Political tensions between the UK and Argentina remain high following the start of oil drilling activities in the waters. In May 2010 the first commercial oil discovery was made, signaling the potential for the development of a long term hydrocarbon industry in the Falkland Islands.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "25.5% (2015 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "-1.8% (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { - "text": "-20.4% (2013 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2014": { - "text": "1.4% (2014 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015": { "text": "$206.4 million (2015 est.)" @@ -416,8 +426,16 @@ "text": "$167.5 million (2013 est.)" } }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$206.4 million (2015 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "25.5% (2015 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { + "text": "-1.8% (2014 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { + "text": "-20.4% (2013 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2015": { @@ -427,15 +445,23 @@ "text": "$63,000 (2014 est.)" } }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$206.4 million (2015 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2014": { + "text": "1.4% (2014 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "41% (2015 est.)" }, "industry": { - "text": "20.6% NA (2015 est.)" + "text": "20.6% (2015 est.)" }, "services": { - "text": "38.4% NA (2015 est.)" + "text": "38.4% (2015 est.)" } }, "Agricultural products": { @@ -490,9 +516,6 @@ "text": "75.3 million (FY09/10)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "32.5% (of GDP) (FY09/10)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-4% (of GDP) (FY09/10)" }, @@ -501,6 +524,9 @@ "text": "0% of GDP (2015 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "32.5% (of GDP) (FY09/10)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, diff --git a/south-america/gy.json b/south-america/gy.json index ce69ad55..10906cf1 100644 --- a/south-america/gy.json +++ b/south-america/gy.json @@ -647,25 +647,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "The Guyanese economy exhibited moderate economic growth in recent years and is based largely on agriculture and extractive industries. The economy is heavily dependent upon the export of six commodities - sugar, gold, bauxite, shrimp, timber, and rice - which represent nearly 60% of the country's GDP and are highly susceptible to adverse weather conditions and fluctuations in commodity prices. Guyana closed or consolidated several sugar estates in 2017, reducing production of sugar to a forecasted 147,000 tons in 2018, less than half of 2017 production. Much of Guyana's growth in recent years has come from a surge in gold production. With a record-breaking 700,000 ounces of gold produced in 2016, Gold production in Guyana has offset the economic effects of declining sugar production. In January 2018, estimated 3.2 billion barrels of oil were found offshore and Guyana is scheduled to become a petroleum producer by March 2020.
Guyana's entrance into the Caricom Single Market and Economy in January 2006 broadened the country's export market, primarily in the raw materials sector. Guyana has experienced positive growth almost every year over the past decade. Inflation has been kept under control. Recent years have seen the government's stock of debt reduced significantly - with external debt now less than half of what it was in the early 1990s. Despite these improvements, the government is still juggling a sizable external debt against the urgent need for expanded public investment. In March 2007, the Inter-American Development Bank, Guyana's principal donor, canceled Guyana's nearly $470 million debt, equivalent to 21% of GDP, which along with other Highly Indebted Poor Country debt forgiveness, brought the debt-to-GDP ratio down from 183% in 2006 to 52% in 2017. Guyana had become heavily indebted as a result of the inward-looking, state-led development model pursued in the 1970s and 1980s. Chronic problems include a shortage of skilled labor and a deficient infrastructure.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "2.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.4% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.1% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "0.8% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$10.24 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -678,8 +659,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$3.561 billion (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "2.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "3.4% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "3.1% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -693,15 +682,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "10.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$3.561 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "2% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "15% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "8.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "0.8% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -735,20 +724,6 @@ "text": "-63% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "55.5 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "85.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "58.3 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "57.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "rice, sugar cane, coconuts, pumpkins, squash, gourds, milk, eggplants, green chillies/peppers, poultry" }, @@ -807,9 +782,6 @@ "text": "1.164 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "28.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-4.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -821,6 +793,9 @@ "text": "50.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "28.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1098,6 +1073,9 @@ "text": "the Guyana Defense Force is a unified service with an Army, Air Corps, Coast Guard, Guyana People's Militia (reserves) (2020)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.7% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1109,9 +1087,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.4% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/south-america/ns.json b/south-america/ns.json index a3bf165b..8c8d70db 100644 --- a/south-america/ns.json +++ b/south-america/ns.json @@ -633,6 +633,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Suriname’s economy is dominated by the mining industry, with exports of oil and gold accounting for approximately 85% of exports and 27% of government revenues. This makes the economy highly vulnerable to mineral price volatility. The worldwide drop in international commodity prices and the cessation of alumina mining in Suriname significantly reduced government revenue and national income during the past few years. In November 2015, a major US aluminum company discontinued its mining activities in Suriname after 99 years of operation. Public sector revenues fell, together with exports, international reserves, employment, and private sector investment.
Economic growth declined annually from just under 5% in 2012 to -10.4% in 2016. In January 2011, the government devalued the currency by 20% and raised taxes to reduce the budget deficit. Suriname began instituting macro adjustments between September 2015 and 2016; these included another 20% currency devaluation in November 2015 and foreign currency interventions by the Central Bank until March 2016, after which time the Bank allowed the Surinamese dollar (SRD) to float. By December 2016, the SRD had lost 46% of its value against the dollar. Depreciation of the Surinamese dollar and increases in tariffs on electricity caused domestic prices in Suriname to rise 22.0% year-over-year by December 2017.
Suriname's economic prospects for the medium-term will depend on its commitment to responsible monetary and fiscal policies and on the introduction of structural reforms to liberalize markets and promote competition. The government's over-reliance on revenue from the extractive sector colors Suriname's economic outlook. Following two years of recession, the Fitch Credit Bureau reported a positive growth of 1.2% in 2017 and the World Bank predicted 2.2% growth in 2018. Inflation declined to 9%, down from 55% in 2016 , and increased gold production helped lift exports. Yet continued budget imbalances and a heavy debt and interest burden resulted in a debt-to-GDP ratio of 83% in September 2017. Purchasing power has fallen rapidly due to the devalued local currency. The government has announced its intention to pass legislation to introduce a new value-added tax in 2018. Without this and other measures to strengthen the country’s fiscal position, the government may face liquidity pressures.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$9.606 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$9.581 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$9.34 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -644,6 +656,21 @@ "text": "-2.6% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$16,525 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$16,634 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$16,373 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$3.419 billion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "22% (2017 est.)" @@ -663,44 +690,6 @@ "text": "SD (2020)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$9.606 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$9.581 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$9.34 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$3.419 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$16,525 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$16,634 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$16,373 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "46.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "55.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "53.6% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "11.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -732,20 +721,6 @@ "text": "-60.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "47.5 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "61.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "75 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "25.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "rice, sugar cane, bananas, oranges, vegetables, plantains, coconuts, poultry, cassava, eggs" }, @@ -796,9 +771,6 @@ "text": "827.8 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-7.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -810,6 +782,9 @@ "text": "75.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "16.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1112,7 +1087,8 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2013": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2013 est.)" - } + }, + "note": "no figures available after 2017" }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { "text": "the Suriname Army is comprised of approximately 1,800 active personnel (ground, air, naval, and military police) (2021)" diff --git a/south-america/pa.json b/south-america/pa.json index c845a4e3..33e111ac 100644 --- a/south-america/pa.json +++ b/south-america/pa.json @@ -644,6 +644,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Landlocked Paraguay has a market economy distinguished by a large informal sector, featuring re-export of imported consumer goods to neighboring countries, as well as the activities of thousands of microenterprises and urban street vendors. A large percentage of the population, especially in rural areas, derives its living from agricultural activity, often on a subsistence basis. Because of the importance of the informal sector, accurate economic measures are difficult to obtain.
On a per capita basis, real income has grown steadily over the past five years as strong world demand for commodities, combined with high prices and favorable weather, supported Paraguay's commodity-based export expansion. Paraguay is the fifth largest soy producer in the world. Drought hit in 2008, reducing agricultural exports and slowing the economy even before the onset of the global recession. The economy fell 3.8% in 2009, as lower world demand and commodity prices caused exports to contract. Severe drought and outbreaks of hoof-and-mouth disease in 2012 led to a brief drop in beef and other agricultural exports. Since 2014, however, Paraguay’s economy has grown at a 4% average annual rate due to strong production and high global prices, at a time when other countries in the region have contracted.
The Paraguayan Government recognizes the need to diversify its economy and has taken steps in recent years to do so. In addition to looking for new commodity markets in the Middle East and Europe, Paraguayan officials have promoted the country’s low labor costs, cheap energy from its massive Itaipu Hydroelectric Dam, and single-digit tax rate on foreign firms. As a result, the number of factories operating in the country – mostly transplants from Brazil - has tripled since 2014.
Corruption, limited progress on structural reform, and deficient infrastructure are the main obstacles to long-term growth. Judicial corruption is endemic and is seen as the greatest barrier to attracting more foreign investment. Paraguay has been adverse to public debt throughout its history, but has recently sought to finance infrastructure improvements to attract foreign investment.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$89.362 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$89.388 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$86.486 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "4.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -655,6 +667,21 @@ "text": "3.1% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$12,685 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$12,850 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$12,594 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$38.94 billion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "3.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -674,44 +701,6 @@ "text": "BB (2014)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$89.362 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$89.388 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$86.486 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$38.94 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$12,685 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$12,850 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$12,594 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "21.3% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "22.6% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "24.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "17.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -743,20 +732,6 @@ "text": "-42.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "59.1 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "76 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "65.1 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "61.6 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "soybeans, sugar cane, maize, cassava, wheat, rice, beef, milk, oranges, oil palm fruit" }, @@ -815,9 +790,6 @@ "text": "5.968 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "14.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -829,6 +801,9 @@ "text": "18.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "14.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1123,6 +1098,9 @@ "text": "Armed Forces Command (Commando de las Fuerzas Militares): Army (Ejercito), Navy (Armada, includes marines), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1134,9 +1112,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.1% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/south-america/pe.json b/south-america/pe.json index 74c06d59..e825e09c 100644 --- a/south-america/pe.json +++ b/south-america/pe.json @@ -658,6 +658,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Peru's economy reflects its varied topography - an arid lowland coastal region, the central high sierra of the Andes, and the dense forest of the Amazon. A wide range of important mineral resources are found in the mountainous and coastal areas, and Peru's coastal waters provide excellent fishing grounds. Peru is the world's second largest producer of silver and copper.
The Peruvian economy grew by an average of 5.6% per year from 2009-13 with a stable exchange rate and low inflation. This growth was due partly to high international prices for Peru's metals and minerals exports, which account for 55% of the country's total exports. Growth slipped from 2014 to 2017, due to weaker world prices for these resources. Despite Peru's strong macroeconomic performance, dependence on minerals and metals exports and imported foodstuffs makes the economy vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices.
Peru's rapid expansion coupled with cash transfers and other programs have helped to reduce the national poverty rate by over 35 percentage points since 2004, but inequality persists and continued to pose a challenge for the Ollanta HUMALA administration, which championed a policy of social inclusion and a more equitable distribution of income. Poor infrastructure hinders the spread of growth to Peru's non-coastal areas. The HUMALA administration passed several economic stimulus packages in 2014 to bolster growth, including reforms to environmental regulations in order to spur investment in Peru’s lucrative mining sector, a move that was opposed by some environmental groups. However, in 2015, mining investment fell as global commodity prices remained low and social conflicts plagued the sector.
Peru's free trade policy continued under the HUMALA administration; since 2006, Peru has signed trade deals with the US, Canada, Singapore, China, Korea, Mexico, Japan, the EU, the European Free Trade Association, Chile, Thailand, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Honduras, concluded negotiations with Guatemala and the Trans-Pacific Partnership, and begun trade talks with El Salvador, India, and Turkey. Peru also has signed a trade pact with Chile, Colombia, and Mexico, called the Pacific Alliance, that seeks integration of services, capital, investment and movement of people. Since the US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement entered into force in February 2009, total trade between Peru and the US has doubled. President Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI succeeded HUMALA in July 2016 and is focusing on economic reforms and free market policies aimed at boosting investment in Peru. Mining output increased significantly in 2016-17, which helped Peru attain one of the highest GDP growth rates in Latin America, and Peru should maintain strong growth in 2018. However, economic performance was depressed by delays in infrastructure mega-projects and the start of a corruption scandal associated with a Brazilian firm. Massive flooding in early 2017 also was a drag on growth, offset somewhat by additional public spending aimed at recovery efforts.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$417.69 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$408.898 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$393.259 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "2.18% (2019 est.)" @@ -669,6 +681,21 @@ "text": "2.48% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$12,848 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$12,782 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$12,507 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$230.707 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "2.1% (2019 est.)" @@ -692,44 +719,6 @@ "text": "BBB+ (2013)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$417.69 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$408.898 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$393.259 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$230.707 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$12,848 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$12,782 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$12,507 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "19.8% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "19.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "19% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "7.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -761,20 +750,6 @@ "text": "-22% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "68.7 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "82.1 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "71.3 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "59.1 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, potatoes, rice, plantains, milk, poultry, maize, cassava, oil palm fruit, grapes" }, @@ -835,9 +810,6 @@ "text": "64.81 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -850,6 +822,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "27.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, @@ -1177,6 +1152,9 @@ "text": "Joint Command of the Armed Forces of Peru: Peruvian Army (Ejercito del Peru), Peruvian Navy (Marina de Guerra del Peru, MGP, includes naval infantry and Coast Guard), Air Force of Peru (Fuerza Aerea del Peru, FAP); Ministry of the Interior (Ministerio del Interior): Peruvian National Police (Policía Nacional del Perú, PNP) (2021)" }, "Military expenditures": { + "Military Expenditures 2020": { + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2020 est.)" + }, "Military Expenditures 2019": { "text": "1.2% of GDP (2019)" }, @@ -1188,9 +1166,6 @@ }, "Military Expenditures 2016": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2016)" - }, - "Military Expenditures 2015": { - "text": "1.6% of GDP (2015)" } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { diff --git a/south-america/sx.json b/south-america/sx.json index 62f046b6..54e47576 100644 --- a/south-america/sx.json +++ b/south-america/sx.json @@ -82,8 +82,23 @@ "text": "no indigenous inhabitants (July 2021 est.)", "note": "note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001, replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited" }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "NA (2021 est.)" + }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "5.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)" + }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { diff --git a/south-america/uy.json b/south-america/uy.json index 4a9cee8f..d407fd77 100644 --- a/south-america/uy.json +++ b/south-america/uy.json @@ -637,6 +637,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Uruguay has a free market economy characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. Uruguay has sought to expand trade within the Common Market of the South (Mercosur) and with non-Mercosur members, and President VAZQUEZ has maintained his predecessor's mix of pro-market policies and a strong social safety net.
Venezuela remains highly dependent on oil revenues, which account for almost all export earnings and nearly half of the government’s revenue, despite a continued decline in oil production in 2017. In the absence of official statistics, foreign experts estimate that GDP contracted 12% in 2017, inflation exceeded 2000%, people faced widespread shortages of consumer goods and medicine, and the central bank's international reserves dwindled. In late 2017, Venezuela also entered selective default on some of its sovereign and state oil company, Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A., (PDVSA) bonds. Domestic production and industry continues to severely underperform and the Venezuelan Government continues to rely on imports to meet its basic food and consumer goods needs.
Falling oil prices since 2014 have aggravated Venezuela’s economic crisis. Insufficient access to dollars, price controls, and rigid labor regulations have led some US and multinational firms to reduce or shut down their Venezuelan operations. Market uncertainty and PDVSA’s poor cash flow have slowed investment in the petroleum sector, resulting in a decline in oil production.
Under President Nicolas MADURO, the Venezuelan Government’s response to the economic crisis has been to increase state control over the economy and blame the private sector for shortages. MADURO has given authority for the production and distribution of basic goods to the military and to local socialist party member committees. The Venezuelan Government has maintained strict currency controls since 2003. The government has been unable to sustain its mechanisms for distributing dollars to the private sector, in part because it needed to withhold some foreign exchange reserves to make its foreign bond payments. As a result of price and currency controls, local industries have struggled to purchase production inputs necessary to maintain their operations or sell goods at a profit on the local market. Expansionary monetary policies and currency controls have created opportunities for arbitrage and corruption and fueled a rapid increase in black market activity.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$269.068 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$334.751 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2018": { "text": "-19.67% (2018 est.)" @@ -606,6 +618,18 @@ "text": "-15.76% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$7,704 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$9,417 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$210.1 billion (2017 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "146,101.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -628,38 +652,6 @@ "text": "SD (2017)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$269.068 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$334.751 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$210.1 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$7,704 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$9,417 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "12.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2016": { - "text": "8.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2015": { - "text": "31.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "4.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -691,20 +683,6 @@ "text": "-10.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "30.2 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "25 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "0 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "46.9 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, maize, milk, rice, plantains, bananas, pineapples, potatoes, beef, poultry" }, @@ -763,9 +741,6 @@ "text": "189.7 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "44.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-46.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -778,6 +753,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover central government debt, as well as the debt of state-owned oil company PDVSA; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include some debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; some debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "44.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, diff --git a/south-asia/bg.json b/south-asia/bg.json index 83e1a520..c7f9c0bc 100644 --- a/south-asia/bg.json +++ b/south-asia/bg.json @@ -665,6 +665,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Bangladesh's economy has grown roughly 6% per year since 2005 despite prolonged periods of political instability, poor infrastructure, endemic corruption, insufficient power supplies, and slow implementation of economic reforms. Although more than half of GDP is generated through the services sector, almost half of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector, with rice as the single-most-important product.
Garments, the backbone of Bangladesh's industrial sector, accounted for more than 80% of total exports in FY 2016-17. The industrial sector continues to grow, despite the need for improvements in factory safety conditions. Steady export growth in the garment sector, combined with $13 billion in remittances from overseas Bangladeshis, contributed to Bangladesh's rising foreign exchange reserves in FY 2016-17. Recent improvements to energy infrastructure, including the start of liquefied natural gas imports in 2018, represent a major step forward in resolving a key growth bottleneck.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$775.076 billion (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$716.65 billion (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$664.403 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { "text": "7.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -676,6 +688,21 @@ "text": "6.8% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$4,754 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$4,441 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$4,161 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$329.545 billion (2020 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "5.5% (2019 est.)" @@ -698,44 +725,6 @@ "text": "BB- (2010)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$775.076 billion (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$716.65 billion (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$664.403 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$329.545 billion (2020 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$4,754 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$4,441 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$4,161 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "35.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "33.3% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "35.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "14.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -767,20 +756,6 @@ "text": "-20.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "45 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "82.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "31.8 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "22.2 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "rice, potatoes, maize, sugar cane, milk, vegetables, onions, jute, mangoes/guavas, wheat" }, @@ -841,9 +816,6 @@ "text": "33.5 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "9.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -855,6 +827,9 @@ "text": "33.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "9.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, @@ -1202,7 +1177,7 @@ "text": "the Bangladesh Defense Force inventory is comprised of mostly Chinese and Russian equipment; since 2010, China is the leading supplier of arms to Bangladesh; Bangladesh is currently undertaking a significant defense modernization program, with a focus on naval acquisitions (2020)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "Bangladesh is one of the leading contributors to UN peacekeeping missions since it joined the UN in 1974; as of mid-2021, it had about 5,300 troops deployed, including: 1,225 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,400 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 115 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 1,330 Mali (MINUSMA); 1,450 South Sudan (UNMISS) ( mid-2021)" + "text": "Bangladesh is one of the leading contributors to UN peacekeeping missions since it joined the UN in 1974; as of mid-2021, it had about 5,300 troops deployed, including: 1,225 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,400 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 115 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 1,330 Mali (MINUSMA); 1,450 South Sudan (UNMISS) (mid-2021)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of Bangladesh remain a risk for armed robbery against ships; attacks increased in 2020 when four ships were boarded as opposed to no attacks in 2019" diff --git a/south-asia/bt.json b/south-asia/bt.json index 1427a13e..a9fc8846 100644 --- a/south-asia/bt.json +++ b/south-asia/bt.json @@ -229,6 +229,9 @@ "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.8 children born/woman (2021 est.)" }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Drinking water source": { "improved: urban": { "text": "urban: 99.3% of population" @@ -290,6 +293,9 @@ "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "6.4% (2016)" }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" + }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.9% of GDP (2018)" }, @@ -570,25 +576,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Bhutan's small economy is based largely on hydropower, agriculture, and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than half the population. Because rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive, industrial production is primarily of the cottage industry type. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links and is dependent on India for financial assistance and migrant laborers for development projects, especially for road construction. Bhutan signed a pact in December 2014 to expand duty-free trade with Bangladesh.
Multilateral development organizations administer most educational, social, and environment programs, and take into account the government's desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. For example, the government is cautious in its expansion of the tourist sector, restricing visits to environmentally conscientious tourists. Complicated controls and uncertain policies in areas such as industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign investment.
Bhutan’s largest export - hydropower to India - could spur sustainable growth in the coming years if Bhutan resolves chronic delays in construction. Bhutan’s hydropower exports comprise 40% of total exports and 25% of the government’s total revenue. Bhutan currently taps only 6.5% of its 24,000-megawatt hydropower potential and is behind schedule in building 12 new hydropower dams with a combined capacity of 10,000 megawatts by 2020 in accordance with a deal signed in 2008 with India. The high volume of imported materials to build hydropower plants has expanded Bhutan's trade and current account deficits. Bhutan also signed a memorandum of understanding with Bangladesh and India in July 2017 to jointly construct a new hydropower plant for exporting electricity to Bangladesh.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "7.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "7.3% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "6.2% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "5.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "7.6% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$9.029 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -601,8 +588,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.405 billion (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "7.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "7.3% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "6.2% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -616,15 +611,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "19.2% of GDP (2019 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2.405 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "5.8% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "21.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "27.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "7.6% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -658,20 +653,6 @@ "text": "-48% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "66 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "86.4 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "94.2 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "70 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "milk, rice, maize, potatoes, roots/tubers, oranges, areca nuts, chillies/peppers, spices, ginger" }, @@ -732,9 +713,6 @@ }, "note": "note: the Government of India finances nearly one-quarter of Bhutan's budget expenditures" }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "27.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -746,6 +724,9 @@ "text": "114.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "27.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, diff --git a/south-asia/in.json b/south-asia/in.json index 548619e1..3698333c 100644 --- a/south-asia/in.json +++ b/south-asia/in.json @@ -675,6 +675,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "India's diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of services. Slightly less than half of the workforce is in agriculture, but services are the major source of economic growth, accounting for nearly two-thirds of India's output but employing less than one-third of its labor force. India has capitalized on its large educated English-speaking population to become a major exporter of information technology services, business outsourcing services, and software workers. Nevertheless, per capita income remains below the world average. India is developing into an open-market economy, yet traces of its past autarkic policies remain. Economic liberalization measures, including industrial deregulation, privatization of state-owned enterprises, and reduced controls on foreign trade and investment, began in the early 1990s and served to accelerate the country's growth, which averaged nearly 7% per year from 1997 to 2017.
India's economic growth slowed in 2011 because of a decline in investment caused by high interest rates, rising inflation, and investor pessimism about the government's commitment to further economic reforms and about slow world growth. Investors’ perceptions of India improved in early 2014, due to a reduction of the current account deficit and expectations of post-election economic reform, resulting in a surge of inbound capital flows and stabilization of the rupee. Growth rebounded in 2014 through 2016. Despite a high growth rate compared to the rest of the world, India’s government-owned banks faced mounting bad debt, resulting in low credit growth. Rising macroeconomic imbalances in India and improving economic conditions in Western countries led investors to shift capital away from India, prompting a sharp depreciation of the rupee through 2016.
The economy slowed again in 2017, due to shocks of \"demonetizaton\" in 2016 and introduction of GST in 2017. Since the election, the government has passed an important goods and services tax bill and raised foreign direct investment caps in some sectors, but most economic reforms have focused on administrative and governance changes, largely because the ruling party remains a minority in India’s upper house of Parliament, which must approve most bills.
India has a young population and corresponding low dependency ratio, healthy savings and investment rates, and is increasing integration into the global economy. However, long-term challenges remain significant, including: India's discrimination against women and girls, an inefficient power generation and distribution system, ineffective enforcement of intellectual property rights, decades-long civil litigation dockets, inadequate transport and agricultural infrastructure, limited non-agricultural employment opportunities, high spending and poorly targeted subsidies, inadequate availability of quality basic and higher education, and accommodating rural-to-urban migration.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$9,155,083,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$8,787,694,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$8,280,935,000,000 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, "Real GDP growth rate": { "Real GDP growth rate 2019": { "text": "4.86% (2019 est.)" @@ -686,6 +698,21 @@ "text": "6.55% (2017 est.)" } }, + "Real GDP per capita": { + "Real GDP per capita 2019": { + "text": "$6,700 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2018": { + "text": "$6,497 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP per capita 2017": { + "text": "$6,186 (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2,835,927,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2019": { "text": "3.7% (2019 est.)" @@ -708,44 +735,6 @@ "text": "BBB- (2007)" } }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { - "text": "$9,155,083,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { - "text": "$8,787,694,000,000 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { - "text": "$8,280,935,000,000 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2,835,927,000,000 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2019": { - "text": "$6,700 (2019 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2018": { - "text": "$6,497 (2018 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2017": { - "text": "$6,186 (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" - }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "29.1% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "31.1% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "31.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "15.4% (2016 est.)" @@ -777,20 +766,6 @@ "text": "-22% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "71 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "81.6 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "82.5 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "41.2 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "sugar cane, rice, wheat, buffalo milk, milk, potatoes, vegetables, bananas, maize, mangoes/guavas" }, @@ -849,9 +824,6 @@ "text": "329 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "9.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-3.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -864,6 +836,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data cover central government debt, and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "9.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, diff --git a/south-asia/io.json b/south-asia/io.json index c24392b1..a733f2d4 100644 --- a/south-asia/io.json +++ b/south-asia/io.json @@ -93,6 +93,38 @@ "Population": { "text": "no indigenous inhabitants", "note": "note: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident in the Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois, were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles in the 1960s and 1970s; approximately 3,000 UK and US military personnel and civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia (2018)" + }, + "Age structure": { + "0-14 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "15-24 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "25-54 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "55-64 years": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "65 years and over": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, + "Birth rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Death rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Current Health Expenditure": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "Children under the age of 5 years underweight": { + "text": "NA" } }, "Environment": { diff --git a/south-asia/np.json b/south-asia/np.json index 006e16f9..1a8852b4 100644 --- a/south-asia/np.json +++ b/south-asia/np.json @@ -639,25 +639,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Nepal is among the least developed countries in the world, with about one-quarter of its population living below the poverty line. Nepal is heavily dependent on remittances, which amount to as much as 30% of GDP. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing a livelihood for almost two-thirds of the population but accounting for less than a third of GDP. Industrial activity mainly involves the processing of agricultural products, including pulses, jute, sugarcane, tobacco, and grain.
Nepal has considerable scope for exploiting its potential in hydropower, with an estimated 42,000 MW of commercially feasible capacity. Nepal has signed trade and investment agreements with India, China, and other countries, but political uncertainty and a difficult business climate have hampered foreign investment. The United States and Nepal signed a $500 million Millennium Challenge Corporation Compact in September 2017 which will expand Nepal’s electricity infrastructure and help maintain transportation infrastructure.
Massive earthquakes struck Nepal in early 2015, which damaged or destroyed infrastructure and homes and set back economic development. Although political gridlock and lack of capacity have hindered post-earthquake recovery, government-led reconstruction efforts have progressively picked up speed, although many hard hit areas still have seen little assistance. Additional challenges to Nepal's growth include its landlocked geographic location, inconsistent electricity supply, and underdeveloped transportation infrastructure.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "7.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "0.6% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { - "text": "3.3% (2015 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "4.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "9.9% (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { "text": "$97.749 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -670,8 +651,16 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$24.88 billion (2017 est.)" + "Real GDP growth rate": { + "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { + "text": "7.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { + "text": "0.6% (2016 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP growth rate 2015": { + "text": "3.3% (2015 est.)" + } }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2019": { @@ -685,15 +674,15 @@ }, "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, - "Gross national saving": { - "Gross national saving 2019": { - "text": "48.9% of GDP (2019 est.)" + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$24.88 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { + "text": "4.5% (2017 est.)" }, - "Gross national saving 2018": { - "text": "48.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Gross national saving 2017": { - "text": "46.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { + "text": "9.9% (2016 est.)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -727,20 +716,6 @@ "text": "-42% (2017 est.)" } }, - "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { - "Overall score": { - "text": "63.2 (2020)" - }, - "Starting a Business score": { - "text": "81.7 (2020)" - }, - "Trading score": { - "text": "85.1 (2020)" - }, - "Enforcement score": { - "text": "46 (2020)" - } - }, "Agricultural products": { "text": "rice, vegetables, sugar cane, potatoes, maize, wheat, buffalo milk, milk, fruit, mangoes/guavas" }, @@ -800,9 +775,6 @@ "text": "5.945 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "23.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { "text": "-0.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, @@ -814,6 +786,9 @@ "text": "27.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, + "Taxes and other revenues": { + "text": "23.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" + }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "16 July - 15 July" }, diff --git a/south-asia/pk.json b/south-asia/pk.json index 3ff72186..d77e881e 100644 --- a/south-asia/pk.json +++ b/south-asia/pk.json @@ -678,6 +678,18 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "Decades of internal political disputes and low levels of foreign investment have led to underdevelopment in Pakistan. Pakistan has a large English-speaking population, with English-language skills less prevalent outside urban centers. Despite some progress in recent years in both security and energy, a challenging security environment, electricity shortages, and a burdensome investment climate have traditionally deterred investors. Agriculture accounts for one-fifth of output and two-fifths of employment. Textiles and apparel account for more than half of Pakistan's export earnings; Pakistan's failure to diversify its exports has left the country vulnerable to shifts in world demand. Pakistan’s GDP growth has gradually increased since 2012, and was 5.3% in 2017. Official unemployment was 6% in 2017, but this fails to capture the true picture, because much of the economy is informal and underemployment remains high. Human development continues to lag behind most of the region.
In 2013, Pakistan embarked on a $6.3 billion IMF Extended Fund Facility, which focused on reducing energy shortages, stabilizing public finances, increasing revenue collection, and improving its balance of payments position. The program concluded in September 2016. Although Pakistan missed several structural reform criteria, it restored macroeconomic stability, improved its credit rating, and boosted growth. The Pakistani rupee has remained relatively stable against the US dollar since 2015, though it declined about 10% between November 2017 and March 2018. Balance of payments concerns have reemerged, however, as a result of a significant increase in imports and weak export and remittance growth.
Pakistan must continue to address several longstanding issues, including expanding investment in education, healthcare, and sanitation; adapting to the effects of climate change and natural disasters; improving the country’s business environment; and widening the country’s tax base. Given demographic challenges, Pakistan’s leadership will be pressed to implement economic reforms, promote further development of the energy sector, and attract foreign investment to support sufficient economic growth necessary to employ its growing and rapidly urbanizing population, much of which is under the age of 25.
In an effort to boost development, Pakistan and China are implementing the \"China-Pakistan Economic Corridor\" (CPEC) with $60 billion in investments targeted towards energy and other infrastructure projects. Pakistan believes CPEC investments will enable growth rates of over 6% of GDP by laying the groundwork for increased exports. CPEC-related obligations, however, have raised IMF concern about Pakistan’s capital outflows and external financing needs over the medium term.
" }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": { + "text": "$1,015,796,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2018": { + "text": "$1,005,850,000,000 (2018 est.)" + }, + "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2017": { + "text": "$950.381 billion (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollarsThe international financial crisis of 2008-09 led to the first downturn in global output since 1946 and presented the world with a major new challenge: determining what mix of fiscal and monetary policies to follow to restore growth and jobs, while keeping inflation and debt under control. Financial stabilization and stimulus programs that started in 2009-11, combined with lower tax revenues in 2009-10, required most countries to run large budget deficits. Treasuries issued new public debt - totaling $9.1 trillion since 2008 - to pay for the additional expenditures. To keep interest rates low, most central banks monetized that debt, injecting large sums of money into their economies - between December 2008 and December 2013 the global money supply increased by more than 35%. Governments are now faced with the difficult task of spurring current growth and employment without saddling their economies with so much debt that they sacrifice long-term growth and financial stability. When economic activity picks up, central banks will confront the difficult task of containing inflation without raising interest rates so high they snuff out further growth.
Fiscal and monetary data for 2013 are currently available for 180 countries, which together account for 98.5% of world GDP. Of the 180 countries, 82 pursued unequivocally expansionary policies, boosting government spending while also expanding their money supply relatively rapidly - faster than the world average of 3.1%; 28 followed restrictive fiscal and monetary policies, reducing government spending and holding money growth to less than the 3.1% average; and the remaining 70 followed a mix of counterbalancing fiscal and monetary policies, either reducing government spending while accelerating money growth, or boosting spending while curtailing money growth.
(For more information, see attached spreadsheet.)
In 2013, for many countries the drive for fiscal austerity that began in 2011 abated. While 5 out of 6 countries slowed spending in 2012, only 1 in 2 countries slowed spending in 2013. About 1 in 3 countries actually lowered the level of their expenditures. The global growth rate for government expenditures increased from 1.6% in 2012 to 5.1% in 2013, after falling from a 10.1% growth rate in 2011. On the other hand, nearly 2 out of 3 central banks tightened monetary policy in 2013, decelerating the rate of growth of their money supply, compared with only 1 out of 3 in 2012. Roughly 1 of 4 central banks actually withdrew money from circulation, an increase from 1 out of 7 in 2012. Growth of the global money supply, as measured by the narrowly defined M1, slowed from 8.7% in 2009 and 10.4% in 2010 to 5.2% in 2011, 4.6% in 2012, and 3.1% in 2013. Several notable shifts occurred in 2013. By cutting government expenditures and expanding money supplies, the US and Canada moved against the trend in the rest of the world. France reversed course completely. Rather than reducing expenditures and money as it had in 2012, it expanded both. Germany reversed its fiscal policy, sharply expanding federal spending, while continuing to grow the money supply. South Korea shifted monetary policy into high gear, while maintaining a strongly expansionary fiscal policy. Japan, however, continued to pursue austere fiscal and monetary policies.
Austere economic policies have significantly affected economic performance. The global budget deficit narrowed to roughly $2.7 trillion in 2012 and $2.1 trillion in 2013, or 3.8% and 2.5% of World GDP, respectively. But growth of the world economy slipped from 5.1% in 2010 and 3.7% in 2011, to just 3.1% in 2012, and 2.9% in 2013.
Countries with expansionary fiscal and monetary policies achieved significantly higher rates of growth, higher growth of tax revenues, and greater success reducing the public debt burden than those countries that chose contractionary policies. In 2013, the 82 countries that followed a pro-growth approach achieved a median GDP growth rate of 4.7%, compared to 1.7% for the 28 countries with restrictive fiscal and monetary policies, a difference of 3 percentage points. Among the 82, China grew 7.7%, Philippines 6.8%, Malaysia 4.7%, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia 3.6%, Argentina 3.5%, South Korea 2.8%, and Russia 1.3%, while among the 28, Brazil grew 2.3%, Japan 2.0%, South Africa 2.0%, Netherlands -0.8%, Croatia -1.0%, Iran -1.5%, Portugal -1.8%, Greece -3.8%, and Cyprus -8.7%.
Faster GDP growth and lower unemployment rates translated into increased tax revenues and a less cumbersome debt burden. Revenues for the 82 expansionary countries grew at a median rate of 10.7%, whereas tax revenues fell at a median rate of 6.8% for the 28 countries that chose austere economic policies. Budget balances improved for about three-quarters of the 28, but, for most, debt grew faster than GDP, and the median level of their public debt as a share of GDP increased 9.1 percentage points, to 59.2%. On the other hand, budget balances deteriorated for most of the 82 pro-growth countries, but GDP growth outpaced increases in debt, and the median level of public debt as a share of GDP increased just 1.9%, to 39.8%.
The world recession has suppressed inflation rates - world inflation declined 1.0 percentage point in 2012 to about 4.1% and 0.2 percentage point to 3.9% in 2013. In 2013 the median inflation rate for the 82 pro-growth countries was 1.3 percentage points higher than that for the countries that followed more austere fiscal and monetary policies. Overall, the latter countries also improved their current account balances by shedding imports; as a result, current account balances deteriorated for most of the countries that pursued pro-growth policies. Slow growth of world income continued to hold import demand in check and crude oil prices fell. Consequently, the dollar value of world trade grew just 1.3% in 2013.
Beyond the current global slowdown, the world faces several long standing economic challenges. The addition of 80 million people each year to an already overcrowded globe is exacerbating the problems of pollution, waste-disposal, epidemics, water-shortages, famine, over-fishing of oceans, deforestation, desertification, and depletion of non-renewable resources. The nation-state, as a bedrock economic-political institution, is steadily losing control over international flows of people, goods, services, funds, and technology. The introduction of the euro as the common currency of much of Western Europe in January 1999, while paving the way for an integrated economic powerhouse, has created economic risks because the participating nations have varying income levels and growth rates, and hence, require a different mix of monetary and fiscal policies. Governments, especially in Western Europe, face the difficult political problem of channeling resources away from welfare programs in order to increase investment and strengthen incentives to seek employment. Because of their own internal problems and priorities, the industrialized countries are unable to devote sufficient resources to deal effectively with the poorer areas of the world, which, at least from an economic point of view, are becoming further marginalized. The terrorist attacks on the US on 11 September 2001 accentuated a growing risk to global prosperity - the diversion of resources away from capital investments to counter-terrorism programs.
Despite these vexing problems, the world economy also shows great promise. Technology has made possible further advances in a wide range of fields, from agriculture, to medicine, alternative energy, metallurgy, and transportation. Improved global communications have greatly reduced the costs of international trade, helping the world gain from the international division of labor, raise living standards, and reduce income disparities among nations. Much of the resilience of the world economy in the aftermath of the financial crisis resulted from government and central bank leaders around the globe working in concert to stem the financial onslaught, knowing well the lessons of past economic failures.
" }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2017": { - "text": "3.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2016": { - "text": "3.2% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { - "text": "3.3% (2014 est.)" - } - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { - "text": "6.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { - "text": "3.7% (2016 est.)" - }, - "note": "developed countries: 1.9% (2017 est.) 0.9% (2016 est.)