From 7ba067ecaf9d216821b03a7cb0b015f774908a2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yo Robot Date: Fri, 1 Jan 2021 22:35:06 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] auto-update week 53 --- africa/ag.json | 85 +++++++++--------- africa/ao.json | 83 ++++++++++-------- africa/bc.json | 81 +++++++++-------- africa/bn.json | 87 ++++++++++-------- africa/by.json | 88 ++++++++++--------- africa/cd.json | 76 ++++++++-------- africa/cf.json | 79 ++++++++++------- africa/cg.json | 82 +++++++++-------- africa/cm.json | 81 +++++++++-------- africa/cn.json | 94 ++++++++++---------- africa/ct.json | 70 +++++++-------- africa/cv.json | 96 +++++++++++--------- africa/dj.json | 72 +++++++-------- africa/eg.json | 101 +++++++++++---------- africa/ek.json | 80 ++++++++--------- africa/er.json | 72 +++++++-------- africa/et.json | 97 +++++++++++--------- africa/ga.json | 86 +++++++++--------- africa/gb.json | 95 +++++++++++--------- africa/gh.json | 98 ++++++++++++--------- africa/gv.json | 82 ++++++++--------- africa/iv.json | 86 ++++++++++-------- africa/ke.json | 101 +++++++++++---------- africa/li.json | 80 ++++++++--------- africa/lt.json | 91 ++++++++++--------- africa/ly.json | 87 +++++++++--------- africa/ma.json | 84 +++++++++--------- africa/mi.json | 84 +++++++++--------- africa/ml.json | 79 +++++++++-------- africa/mo.json | 109 +++++++++++++---------- africa/mp.json | 85 +++++++++--------- africa/mr.json | 82 ++++++++--------- africa/mz.json | 95 +++++++++++--------- africa/ng.json | 85 +++++++++--------- africa/ni.json | 85 ++++++++++-------- africa/od.json | 50 ++++++----- africa/pu.json | 78 +++++++++-------- africa/rw.json | 85 ++++++++++-------- africa/se.json | 89 ++++++++++--------- africa/sf.json | 97 +++++++++++--------- africa/sg.json | 90 ++++++++++--------- africa/sh.json | 57 ++++++------ africa/sl.json | 82 ++++++++--------- africa/so.json | 60 +++++++------ africa/su.json | 77 ++++++++-------- africa/to.json | 88 ++++++++++--------- africa/tp.json | 90 +++++++++---------- africa/ts.json | 89 +++++++++++-------- africa/tz.json | 87 +++++++++--------- africa/ug.json | 95 +++++++++++--------- africa/uv.json | 93 +++++++++++--------- africa/wa.json | 90 ++++++++++--------- africa/wi.json | 131 ++++++++++------------------ africa/wz.json | 89 ++++++++++--------- africa/za.json | 96 +++++++++++--------- africa/zi.json | 108 ++++++++++++----------- antarctica/ay.json | 4 +- antarctica/bv.json | 6 +- antarctica/fs.json | 6 +- antarctica/hm.json | 6 +- australia-oceania/aq.json | 95 +++++++++----------- australia-oceania/as.json | 95 +++++++++++--------- australia-oceania/at.json | 6 +- australia-oceania/bp.json | 91 ++++++++++--------- australia-oceania/ck.json | 20 +++-- australia-oceania/cq.json | 75 ++++++++-------- australia-oceania/cr.json | 6 +- australia-oceania/cw.json | 57 ++++++------ australia-oceania/fj.json | 86 ++++++++++-------- australia-oceania/fm.json | 84 +++++++++--------- australia-oceania/fp.json | 71 +++++++-------- australia-oceania/gq.json | 73 ++++++++-------- australia-oceania/kr.json | 60 +++++++------ australia-oceania/kt.json | 14 +-- australia-oceania/nc.json | 73 ++++++++-------- australia-oceania/ne.json | 49 ++++++----- australia-oceania/nf.json | 14 +-- australia-oceania/nh.json | 92 +++++++++---------- australia-oceania/nr.json | 90 ++++++++++--------- australia-oceania/nz.json | 95 +++++++++++--------- australia-oceania/pc.json | 14 +-- australia-oceania/ps.json | 78 ++++++++--------- australia-oceania/rm.json | 82 ++++++++--------- australia-oceania/tl.json | 83 ++++++++++-------- australia-oceania/tn.json | 86 +++++++++--------- australia-oceania/tv.json | 73 ++++++++-------- australia-oceania/um.json | 4 +- australia-oceania/wf.json | 71 +++++++-------- australia-oceania/wq.json | 8 +- australia-oceania/ws.json | 86 +++++++++--------- central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json | 94 ++++++++++---------- central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json | 92 +++++++++---------- central-america-n-caribbean/av.json | 67 +++++++------- central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json | 84 ++++++++++-------- central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json | 78 +++++++++-------- central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json | 88 ++++++++++--------- central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json | 6 +- central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json | 78 +++++++++-------- central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json | 91 ++++++++++--------- central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json | 74 ++++++++-------- central-america-n-caribbean/do.json | 84 +++++++++--------- central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json | 87 ++++++++++-------- central-america-n-caribbean/es.json | 100 +++++++++++---------- central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json | 93 ++++++++++---------- central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json | 99 ++++++++++++--------- central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json | 86 +++++++++--------- central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json | 98 +++++++++++---------- central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json | 101 +++++++++++---------- central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json | 88 ++++++++++--------- central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json | 47 +++++----- central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json | 101 +++++++++++---------- central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json | 101 +++++++++++---------- central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json | 40 ++++----- central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json | 81 +++++++++-------- central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json | 84 +++++++++--------- central-america-n-caribbean/st.json | 86 +++++++++--------- central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json | 31 ++++--- central-america-n-caribbean/td.json | 86 ++++++++++-------- central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json | 83 +++++++++--------- central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json | 73 ++++++++-------- central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json | 91 ++++++++++--------- central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json | 90 ++++++++++--------- central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json | 77 ++++++++-------- central-asia/kg.json | 94 +++++++++++--------- central-asia/kz.json | 97 +++++++++++--------- central-asia/rs.json | 99 ++++++++++++--------- central-asia/ti.json | 80 +++++++++-------- central-asia/tx.json | 75 ++++++++-------- central-asia/uz.json | 91 ++++++++++--------- east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json | 80 ++++++++--------- east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json | 78 +++++++++-------- east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json | 80 +++++++++-------- east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json | 87 ++++++++++-------- east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json | 97 +++++++++++--------- east-n-southeast-asia/id.json | 99 ++++++++++++--------- east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json | 93 +++++++++++--------- east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json | 65 +++++++------- east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json | 101 +++++++++++---------- east-n-southeast-asia/la.json | 78 +++++++++-------- east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json | 85 ++++++++++-------- east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json | 83 ++++++++++-------- east-n-southeast-asia/my.json | 101 +++++++++++---------- east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json | 10 ++- east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json | 6 +- east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json | 87 ++++++++++-------- east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json | 94 +++++++++++--------- east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json | 97 +++++++++++--------- east-n-southeast-asia/th.json | 91 ++++++++++--------- east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json | 80 ++++++++--------- east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json | 91 ++++++++++--------- east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json | 95 +++++++++++--------- europe/al.json | 96 +++++++++++--------- europe/an.json | 63 +++++++------ europe/au.json | 97 +++++++++++--------- europe/ax.json | 8 +- europe/be.json | 99 ++++++++++++--------- europe/bk.json | 92 ++++++++++--------- europe/bo.json | 87 ++++++++++-------- europe/bu.json | 101 +++++++++++---------- europe/cy.json | 97 +++++++++++--------- europe/da.json | 101 +++++++++++---------- europe/dx.json | 6 +- europe/ee.json | 56 +++++++----- europe/ei.json | 99 ++++++++++++--------- europe/en.json | 97 +++++++++++--------- europe/ez.json | 97 +++++++++++--------- europe/fi.json | 95 +++++++++++--------- europe/fo.json | 71 +++++++-------- europe/fr.json | 99 ++++++++++++--------- europe/gi.json | 43 ++++----- europe/gk.json | 45 +++++----- europe/gm.json | 90 +++++++++++-------- europe/gr.json | 97 +++++++++++--------- europe/hr.json | 97 +++++++++++--------- europe/hu.json | 99 ++++++++++++--------- europe/ic.json | 101 +++++++++++---------- europe/im.json | 53 ++++++----- europe/it.json | 104 +++++++++++++--------- europe/je.json | 49 ++++++----- europe/jn.json | 8 +- europe/kv.json | 74 ++++++++-------- europe/lg.json | 97 +++++++++++--------- europe/lh.json | 99 ++++++++++++--------- europe/lo.json | 97 +++++++++++--------- europe/ls.json | 53 ++++++----- europe/lu.json | 101 +++++++++++---------- europe/md.json | 89 ++++++++++--------- europe/mj.json | 86 ++++++++++-------- europe/mk.json | 80 +++++++++-------- europe/mn.json | 47 +++++----- europe/mt.json | 101 +++++++++++---------- europe/nl.json | 105 ++++++++++++---------- europe/no.json | 97 +++++++++++--------- europe/pl.json | 95 +++++++++++--------- europe/po.json | 104 +++++++++++++--------- europe/ri.json | 93 +++++++++++--------- europe/ro.json | 109 +++++++++++++---------- europe/si.json | 95 +++++++++++--------- europe/sm.json | 77 ++++++++-------- europe/sp.json | 101 +++++++++++---------- europe/sv.json | 16 ++-- europe/sw.json | 93 +++++++++++--------- europe/sz.json | 102 +++++++++++++--------- europe/uk.json | 105 ++++++++++++---------- europe/up.json | 95 +++++++++++--------- europe/vt.json | 14 +-- middle-east/ae.json | 83 ++++++++++-------- middle-east/aj.json | 93 +++++++++++--------- middle-east/am.json | 80 +++++++++-------- middle-east/ba.json | 95 +++++++++++--------- middle-east/gg.json | 87 ++++++++++-------- middle-east/gz.json | 87 +++++++++--------- middle-east/ir.json | 84 +++++++++--------- middle-east/is.json | 99 ++++++++++++--------- middle-east/iz.json | 95 +++++++++++--------- middle-east/jo.json | 101 +++++++++++---------- middle-east/ku.json | 95 +++++++++++--------- middle-east/le.json | 89 +++++++++++-------- middle-east/mu.json | 87 ++++++++++-------- middle-east/qa.json | 93 +++++++++++--------- middle-east/sa.json | 85 ++++++++++-------- middle-east/sy.json | 81 ++++++++--------- middle-east/tu.json | 105 ++++++++++++---------- middle-east/we.json | 81 ++++++++--------- middle-east/ym.json | 88 ++++++++++--------- north-america/bd.json | 88 +++++++++++-------- north-america/ca.json | 89 +++++++++++-------- north-america/gl.json | 69 +++++++-------- north-america/ip.json | 6 +- north-america/mx.json | 99 ++++++++++++--------- north-america/sb.json | 55 ++++++------ north-america/us.json | 91 ++++++++++--------- oceans/oo.json | 4 +- oceans/xo.json | 4 +- oceans/xq.json | 4 +- oceans/zh.json | 4 +- oceans/zn.json | 4 +- south-america/ar.json | 113 ++++++++++++++---------- south-america/bl.json | 104 ++++++++++++---------- south-america/br.json | 99 ++++++++++++--------- south-america/ci.json | 97 +++++++++++--------- south-america/co.json | 109 +++++++++++++---------- south-america/ec.json | 105 ++++++++++++---------- south-america/fk.json | 51 +++++------ south-america/gy.json | 86 +++++++++--------- south-america/ns.json | 89 +++++++++++-------- south-america/pa.json | 85 ++++++++++-------- south-america/pe.json | 112 +++++++++++++----------- south-america/sx.json | 6 +- south-america/uy.json | 91 ++++++++++--------- south-america/ve.json | 96 +++++++++++--------- south-asia/af.json | 77 ++++++++-------- south-asia/bg.json | 99 ++++++++++++--------- south-asia/bt.json | 76 ++++++++-------- south-asia/ce.json | 99 ++++++++++++--------- south-asia/in.json | 97 +++++++++++--------- south-asia/io.json | 8 +- south-asia/mv.json | 86 ++++++++++-------- south-asia/np.json | 76 ++++++++-------- south-asia/pk.json | 97 +++++++++++--------- world/xx.json | 48 +++++----- 261 files changed, 11162 insertions(+), 9206 deletions(-) diff --git a/africa/ag.json b/africa/ag.json index 5e7c3b16..0e609eec 100644 --- a/africa/ag.json +++ b/africa/ag.json @@ -177,19 +177,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.52% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 67 + "country comparison to the world": 66 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "20 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 76 + "country comparison to the world": 75 }, "Death rate": { "text": "4.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 137 + "country comparison to the world": 136 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ "female": { "text": "16 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 85 + "country comparison to the world": 84 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.59 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 67 + "country comparison to the world": 66 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "57.1% (2012/13)" @@ -517,30 +517,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Algeria's economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. In recent years the Algerian Government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy, pursuing an explicit import substitution policy. ++ Hydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 30% of GDP, 60% of budget revenues, and nearly 95% of export earnings. Algeria has the 10th-largest reserves of natural gas in the world - including the 3rd-largest reserves of shale gas - and is the 6th-largest gas exporter. It ranks 16th in proven oil reserves. Hydrocarbon exports enabled Algeria to maintain macroeconomic stability, amass large foreign currency reserves, and maintain low external debt while global oil prices were high. With lower oil prices since 2014, Algeria's foreign exchange reserves have declined by more than half and its oil stabilization fund has decreased from about $20 billion at the end of 2013 to about $7 billion in 2017, which is the statutory minimum. ++ Declining oil prices have also reduced the government's ability to use state-driven growth to distribute rents and fund generous public subsidies, and the government has been under pressure to reduce spending. Over the past three years, the government has enacted incremental increases in some taxes, resulting in modest increases in prices for gasoline, cigarettes, alcohol, and certain imported goods, but it has refrained from reducing subsidies, particularly for education, healthcare, and housing programs. ++ Algiers has increased protectionist measures since 2015 to limit its import bill and encourage domestic production of non-oil and gas industries. Since 2015, the government has imposed additional restrictions on access to foreign exchange for imports, and import quotas for specific products, such as cars. In January 2018 the government imposed an indefinite suspension on the importation of roughly 850 products, subject to periodic review. ++ President BOUTEFLIKA announced in fall 2017 that Algeria intends to develop its non-conventional energy resources. Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. Algeria has not increased non-hydrocarbon exports, and hydrocarbon exports have declined because of field depletion and increased domestic demand." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$630 billion (2017 est.) / $621.3 billion (2016 est.) / $602 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 36 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$167.6 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.4% (2017 est.) / 3.2% (2016 est.) / 3.7% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 158 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.9% (2019 est.) / 4.2% (2018 est.) / 5.6% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 105 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$630 billion (2017 est.) / $621.3 billion (2016 est.) / $602 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$169.912 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$15,200 (2017 est.) / $15,200 (2016 est.) / $15,100 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 109 + "country comparison to the world": 88 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "37.8% of GDP (2017 est.) / 37.4% of GDP (2016 est.) / 36.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 13 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "13.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "39.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "47.4% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "42.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -561,16 +575,8 @@ "text": "-35.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "13.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "39.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "47.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "54.8 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits; sheep, cattle" @@ -599,7 +605,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "11.7% (2017 est.) / 10.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 159 + "country comparison to the world": 160 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "23% (2006 est.)" @@ -636,17 +642,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5.6% (2017 est.) / 6.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 179 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$22.1 billion (2017 est.) / -$26.47 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Exports": { "text": "$34.37 billion (2017 est.) / $29.06 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 58 + "country comparison to the world": 66 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Italy 17.4%, Spain 13%, France 11.9%, US 9.4%, Brazil 6.2%, Netherlands 5.5% (2017)" @@ -656,7 +658,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$48.54 billion (2017 est.) / $49.43 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 55 + "country comparison to the world": 60 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods" @@ -673,22 +675,19 @@ "country comparison to the world": 128 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar - / 108.9 (2017 est.) / 109.443 (2016 est.) / 109.443 (2015 est.) / 100.691 (2014 est.) / 80.579 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar - / 131.085 (2020 est.) / 119.775 (2019 est.) / 118.4617 (2018 est.) / 100.691 (2014 est.) / 80.579 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "400,000 (2016)" - }, "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99.4% (2016)" + "text": "99.4% (2019)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99.6% (2016)" + "text": "99.6% (2019)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "99% (2016)" + "text": "97% (2019)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -713,7 +712,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "96% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 36 + "country comparison to the world": 35 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -805,7 +804,7 @@ }, "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { - "text": "improved international connectivity and privatization of Algeria's telecommunications sector began in 2000; three mobile-cellular licenses have been issued; LTE service growth in additional provinces and rural areas; upgrade to LTE infrastructure and migration to 5G; LTE subscriber rate up 82% in 2018; Chinese company Huawei opens smart phone assembly plant in Algeria; ending of monopolies have made broadband services more affordable; Algeria and Tunisia end roaming charges for travelers (2020)" + "text": "improved international connectivity and privatization of Algeria's telecommunications sector began in 2000; three mobile-cellular licenses have been issued; LTE service growth in additional provinces and rural areas; upgrade to LTE infrastructure and migration to 5G; LTE subscriber rate up 82% in 2018; Chinese company Huawei opens smart phone assembly plant in Algeria; the end of monopolies have made broadband services more affordable; Algeria and Tunisia end roaming charges for travelers (2020)" }, "domestic": { "text": "a limited network of fixed-lines with a teledensity of less than 11 telephones per 100 persons has been offset by the rapid increase in mobile-cellular subscribership; mobile-cellular teledensity was roughly 109 telephones per 100 persons (2019)" diff --git a/africa/ao.json b/africa/ao.json index 1001ced7..42f0e1bb 100644 --- a/africa/ao.json +++ b/africa/ao.json @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ "female": { "text": "16.4 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 226 + "country comparison to the world": 225 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "3.43% (2020 est.)", @@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 105 + "country comparison to the world": 104 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most people live in the western half of the country; urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ "female": { "text": "63.4 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "5.96 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.4% of GDP (2010)", - "country comparison to the world": 124 + "country comparison to the world": 119 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -547,30 +547,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Angola's economy is overwhelmingly driven by its oil sector. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 50% of GDP, more than 70% of government revenue, and more than 90% of the country's exports; Angola is an OPEC member and subject to its direction regarding oil production levels. Diamonds contribute an additional 5% to exports. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported. ++ Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Some of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war (1975-2002). However, the government since 2005 has used billions of dollars in credit from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to help rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, and as a result, the national military, international partners, and private Angolan firms all continue to remove them. ++ The global recession that started in 2008 stalled Angola's economic growth and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued billions in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell. Lower prices for oil and diamonds also resulted in GDP falling 0.7% in 2016. Angola formally abandoned its currency peg in 2009 but reinstituted it in April 2016 and maintains an overvalued exchange rate. In late 2016, Angola lost the last of its correspondent relationships with foreign banks, further exacerbating hard currency problems. Since 2013 the central bank has consistently spent down reserves to defend the kwanza, gradually allowing a 40% depreciation since late 2014. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to less than 9% in 2014, before rising again to above 30% from 2015-2017. ++ Continued low oil prices, the depreciation of the kwanza, and slower than expected growth in non-oil GDP have reduced growth prospects, although several major international oil companies remain in Angola. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, is a major long-term challenge that poses an additional threat to the economy." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$193.6 billion (2017 est.) / $198.6 billion (2016 est.) / $203.9 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 65 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$126.5 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "-2.5% (2017 est.) / -2.6% (2016 est.) / 0.9% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 209 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "17.2% (2019 est.) / 20.3% (2018 est.) / 32.1% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 218 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "CCC (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Caa1 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "CCC+ (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$181.359 billion (2019 est.) / $182.949 billion (2018 est.) / $186.69 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$97.261 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$6,800 (2017 est.) / $7,200 (2016 est.) / $7,600 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 160 + "text": "$3,097 (2019 est.) / $3,227 (2018 est.) / $3,403 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 178 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "28.6% of GDP (2017 est.) / 24.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 28.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 37 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "10.2% (2011 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "61.4% (2011 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "28.4% (2011 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "80.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -591,16 +616,8 @@ "text": "-30.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "10.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "61.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "28.4% (2011 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "28.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, cassava (manioc, tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish" @@ -629,7 +646,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "6.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 104 + "country comparison to the world": 105 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "36.6% (2008 est.)" @@ -665,17 +682,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "29.8% (2017 est.) / 30.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 222 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.254 billion (2017 est.) / -$4.834 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 154 }, "Exports": { "text": "$33.07 billion (2017 est.) / $31.03 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 59 + "country comparison to the world": 67 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 61.2%, India 13%, US 4.2% (2017)" @@ -685,7 +698,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$19.5 billion (2017 est.) / $13.04 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 77 + "country comparison to the world": 84 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods" @@ -742,7 +755,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "34% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 180 + "country comparison to the world": 179 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/bc.json b/africa/bc.json index 29e9e465..183e528e 100644 --- a/africa/bc.json +++ b/africa/bc.json @@ -172,11 +172,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.48% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 72 + "country comparison to the world": 71 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "20.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 72 + "country comparison to the world": 71 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "2.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 38 + "country comparison to the world": 37 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the population is primarily concentrated in the east with a focus in and around the captial of Gaborone, and the far central-eastern city of Francistown; population density remains low in other areas in the country, especially in the Kalahari to the west as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ "female": { "text": "24.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 66 + "country comparison to the world": 65 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.45 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 77 + "country comparison to the world": 76 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "67.4% (2017)" @@ -311,8 +311,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 114 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "9.6% of GDP (2009)", - "country comparison to the world": 4 + "text": "NA" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -524,30 +523,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Until the beginning of the global recession in 2008, Botswana maintained one of the world's highest economic growth rates since its independence in 1966. Botswana recovered from the global recession in 2010, but only grew modestly until 2017, primarily due to a downturn in the global diamond market, though water and power shortages also played a role. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world five decades ago into a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of approximately $18,100 in 2017. Botswana also ranks as one of the least corrupt and best places to do business in Sub-Saharan Africa. ++ ++ Because of its heavy reliance on diamond exports, Botswana's economy closely follows global price trends for that one commodity. Diamond mining fueled much of Botswana's past economic expansion and currently accounts for one-quarter of GDP, approximately 85% of export earnings, and about one-third of the government's revenues. In 2017, Diamond exports increased to the highest levels since 2013 at about 22 million carats of output, driving Botswana's economic growth to about 4.5% and increasing foreign exchange reserves to about 45% of GDP. De Beers, a major international diamond company, signed a 10-year deal with Botswana in 2012 and moved its rough stone sorting and trading division from London to Gaborone in 2013. The move was geared to support the development of Botswana's nascent downstream diamond industry. ++ ++ Tourism is a secondary earner of foreign exchange and many Batswana engage in tourism-related services, subsistence farming, and cattle rearing. According to official government statistics, unemployment is around 20%, but unofficial estimates run much higher. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is second highest in the world and threatens the country's impressive economic gains." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$39.01 billion (2017 est.) / $38.11 billion (2016 est.) / $36.54 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 121 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$17.38 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.4% (2017 est.) / 4.3% (2016 est.) / -1.7% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 119 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.7% (2019 est.) / 3.2% (2018 est.) / 3.2% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 134 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A2 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB+ (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$39.01 billion (2017 est.) / $38.11 billion (2016 est.) / $36.54 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$18.335 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$17,000 (2017 est.) / $16,900 (2016 est.) / $16,500 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 102 + "country comparison to the world": 81 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "40.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 38.8% of GDP (2016 est.) / 41.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 9 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "27.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "70.6% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "48.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -568,16 +589,8 @@ "text": "-33.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "27.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "70.6% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "66.2 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "livestock, sorghum, maize, millet, beans, sunflowers, groundnuts" @@ -606,7 +619,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "20% (2013 est.) / 17.8% (2009 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 188 + "country comparison to the world": 189 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "19.3% (2009 est.)" @@ -642,17 +655,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.3% (2017 est.) / 2.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 136 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$2.146 billion (2017 est.) / $2.147 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 38 }, "Exports": { "text": "$5.934 billion (2017 est.) / $7.226 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 102 + "country comparison to the world": 112 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Belgium 20.3%, India 12.6%, UAE 12.4%, South Africa 11.9%, Singapore 8.7%, Israel 7%, Hong Kong 4.1%, Namibia 4.1% (2017)" @@ -662,7 +671,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$5.005 billion (2017 est.) / $5.871 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 128 + "country comparison to the world": 138 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products" @@ -679,7 +688,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 150 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "pulas (BWP) per US dollar - / 10.19 (2017 est.) / 10.9022 (2016 est.) / 10.9022 (2015 est.) / 10.1263 (2014 est.) / 8.9761 (2013 est.)" + "text": "pulas (BWP) per US dollar - / 10.90512 (2020 est.) / 10.81081 (2019 est.) / 10.60446 (2018 est.) / 10.1263 (2014 est.) / 8.9761 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/africa/bn.json b/africa/bn.json index 2f6d8009..72edebed 100644 --- a/africa/bn.json +++ b/africa/bn.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "2,000 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 103 + "country comparison to the world": 102 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania" @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ "female": { "text": "17.6 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 219 + "country comparison to the world": 218 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "3.4% (2020 est.)", @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 69 + "country comparison to the world": 68 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the population is primarily located in the south, with the highest concentration of people residing in and around the cities on the Atlantic coast; most of the north remains sparsely populated with higher concentrations of residents in the west at shown in this population distribution map" @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ "female": { "text": "63.3 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "5.53 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -333,8 +333,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 35 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 102 + "text": "2.9% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 135 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -545,30 +545,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The free market economy of Benin has grown consecutively for four years, though growth slowed in 2017, as its close trade links to Nigeria expose Benin to risks from volatile commodity prices. Cotton is a key export commodity, with export earnings significantly impacted by the price of cotton in the broader market. The economy began deflating in 2017, with the consumer price index falling 0.8%. ++ During the first two years of President TALON's administration, which began in April 2016, the government has followed an ambitious action plan to kickstart development through investments in infrastructure, education, agriculture, and governance. Electricity generation, which has constrained Benin's economic growth, has increased and blackouts have been considerably reduced. Private foreign direct investment is small, and foreign aid accounts for a large proportion of investment in infrastructure projects. ++ Benin has appealed for international assistance to mitigate piracy against commercial shipping in its territory, and has used equipment from donors effectively against such piracy. Pilferage has significantly dropped at the Port of Cotonou, though the port is still struggling with effective implementation of the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code. Projects included in Benin's $307 million Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) first compact (2006-11) were designed to increase investment and private sector activity by improving key institutional and physical infrastructure. The four projects focused on access to land, access to financial services, access to justice, and access to markets (including modernization of the port). The Port of Cotonou is a major contributor to Benin's economy, with revenues projected to account for more than 40% of Benin's national budget. ++ Benin will need further efforts to upgrade infrastructure, stem corruption, and expand access to foreign markets to achieve its potential. In September 2015, Benin signed a second MCC Compact for $375 million that entered into force in June 2017 and is designed to strengthen the national utility service provider, attract private sector investment, fund infrastructure investments in electricity generation and distribution, and develop off-grid electrification for poor and unserved households. As part of the Government of Benin's action plan to spur growth, Benin passed public private partnership legislation in 2017 to attract more foreign investment, place more emphasis on tourism, facilitate the development of new food processing systems and agricultural products, encourage new information and communication technology, and establish Independent Power Producers. In April 2017, the IMF approved a three year $150.4 million Extended Credit Facility agreement to maintain debt sustainability and boost donor confidence." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$25.39 billion (2017 est.) / $24.04 billion (2016 est.) / $23.12 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 141 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "5.6% (2017 est.) / 4% (2016 est.) / 2.1% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 33 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-0.8% (2019 est.) / 1.7% (2018 est.) / 0% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 8 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B (2019)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B2 (2019)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B+ (2018)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$25.39 billion (2017 est.) / $30.211 billion (2017 est.) / $24.04 billion (2016 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$9.246 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.6% (2017 est.) / 4% (2016 est.) / 2.1% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 34 + "text": "$10.315 billion (2018 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,300 (2017 est.) / $2,200 (2016 est.) / $2,200 (2015 est.)", + "text": "$1,224 (2018 est.) / $2,300 (2017 est.) / $1,178 (2017 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "17.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 15.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 16.6% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 116 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "26.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "22.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "51.1% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "70.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -589,16 +614,8 @@ "text": "-43% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "26.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "22.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "51.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "52.4 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cotton, corn, cassava (manioc, tapioca), yams, beans, palm oil, peanuts, cashews; livestock" @@ -652,17 +669,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.1% (2017 est.) / -0.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 13 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.024 billion (2017 est.) / -$808 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 147 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.974 billion (2017 est.) / $1.588 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 140 + "text": "$3.056 billion (2018 est.) / $2.726 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 134 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Bangladesh 18.1%, India 10.7%, Ukraine 9%, Niger 8.1%, China 7.7%, Nigeria 7.2%, Turkey 4% (2017)" @@ -671,8 +684,8 @@ "text": "cotton, cashews, shea butter, textiles, palm products, seafood" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.787 billion (2017 est.) / $2.443 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 151 + "text": "$5.458 billion (2019 est.) / $5.279 billion (2018 est.) / $5.035 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 134 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, capital goods, petroleum products" @@ -729,7 +742,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "88% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 58 + "country comparison to the world": 57 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/by.json b/africa/by.json index c5d3a67e..5a10162c 100644 --- a/africa/by.json +++ b/africa/by.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "2,150 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 147 + "country comparison to the world": 146 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" @@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ "female": { "text": "18 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "country comparison to the world": 217 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.85% (2020 est.)", @@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 154 + "country comparison to the world": 153 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 134 + "country comparison to the world": 133 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "one of Africa's most densely populated countries; concentrations tend to be in the north and along the northern shore of Lake Tanganyika in the west; most people live on farms near areas of fertile volcanic soil as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ "female": { "text": "35.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 39 + "country comparison to the world": 38 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -326,8 +326,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 10 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 71 + "text": "5.1% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 54 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -536,30 +536,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. Agriculture accounts for over 40% of GDP and employs more than 90% of the population. Burundi's primary exports are coffee and tea, which account for more than half of foreign exchange earnings, but these earnings are subject to fluctuations in weather and international coffee and tea prices, Burundi is heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors, as well as foreign exchange earnings from participation in the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM). Foreign aid represented 48% of Burundi's national income in 2015, one of the highest percentages in Sub-Saharan Africa, but this figure decreased to 33.5% in 2016 due to political turmoil surrounding President NKURUNZIZA's bid for a third term. Burundi joined the East African Community (EAC) in 2009. ++ Burundi faces several underlying weaknesses – low governmental capacity, corruption, a high poverty rate, poor educational levels, a weak legal system, a poor transportation network, and overburdened utilities – that have prevented the implementation of planned economic reforms. The purchasing power of most Burundians has decreased as wage increases have not kept pace with inflation, which reached approximately 18% in 2017. ++ Real GDP growth dropped precipitously following political events in 2015 and has yet to recover to pre-conflict levels. Continued resistance by donors and the international community will restrict Burundi's economic growth as the country deals with a large current account deficit." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$8.007 billion (2017 est.) / $8.007 billion (2016 est.) / $8.091 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 164 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$3.396 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "0% (2017 est.) / -1% (2016 est.) / -4% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 193 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-0.6% (2019 est.) / -2.5% (2018 est.) / 15.9% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 10 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$6.792 billion (2019 est.) / $6.669 billion (2018 est.) / $6.563 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$3.027 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$700 (2017 est.) / $800 (2016 est.) / $800 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 227 + "text": "$208 (2019 est.) / $211 (2018 est.) / $214 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 225 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "-5.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / -4.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / -6.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 183 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "39.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "16.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "44.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "83% (2017 est.)" @@ -580,16 +594,8 @@ "text": "-25.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "39.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "16.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "44.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "46.8 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coffee, cotton, tea, corn, beans, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, cassava (manioc, tapioca); beef, milk, hides" @@ -653,17 +659,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "16.6% (2017 est.) / 5.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$418 million (2017 est.) / -$411 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 118 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$119 million (2017 est.) / $109.7 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "text": "$279 million (2019 est.) / $283 million (2018 est.) / $315 million (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 186 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Democratic Republic of the Congo 25.5%, Switzerland 18.4%, UAE 14.9%, Belgium 6% (2017)" @@ -672,8 +674,8 @@ "text": "coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$603.8 million (2017 est.) / $527.2 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "text": "$1.04 billion (2019 est.) / $927 million (2018 est.) / $1.295 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 185 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs" @@ -690,7 +692,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 173 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Burundi francs (BIF) per US dollar - / 1,731 (2017 est.) / 1,654.63 (2016 est.) / 1,654.63 (2015 est.) / 1,571.9 (2014 est.) / 1,546.7 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Burundi francs (BIF) per US dollar - / 1,945 (2020 est.) / 1,876.25 (2019 est.) / 1,800.495 (2018 est.) / 1,571.9 (2014 est.) / 1,546.7 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -730,7 +732,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "14% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -766,7 +768,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "1,500 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -774,7 +776,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "1,374 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -798,7 +800,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "217,000 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 198 } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/africa/cd.json b/africa/cd.json index 6462555d..f61f06e8 100644 --- a/africa/cd.json +++ b/africa/cd.json @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ "female": { "text": "16.5 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 224 + "country comparison to the world": 223 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "3.18% (2020 est.)", @@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 102 + "country comparison to the world": 101 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the population is unevenly distributed due to contrasts in climate and physical geography; the highest density is found in the southwest, particularly around Lake Chad and points south; the dry Saharan zone to the north is the least densely populated as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ "female": { "text": "60.1 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 221 + "country comparison to the world": 220 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "5.68 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -324,8 +324,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 7 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.9% of GDP (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 140 + "text": "2.5% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 152 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -522,30 +522,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Chad's landlocked location results in high transportation costs for imported goods and dependence on neighboring countries. Oil and agriculture are mainstays of Chad's economy. Oil provides about 60% of export revenues, while cotton, cattle, livestock, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings. The services sector contributes less than one-third of GDP and has attracted foreign investment mostly through telecommunications and banking. ++ Nearly all of Chad's fuel is provided by one domestic refinery, and unanticipated shutdowns occasionally result in shortages. The country regulates the price of domestic fuel, providing an incentive for black market sales. ++ Although high oil prices and strong local harvests supported the economy in the past, low oil prices now stress Chad's fiscal position and have resulted in significant government cutbacks. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most of its public and private sector investment. Investment in Chad is difficult due to its limited infrastructure, lack of trained workers, extensive government bureaucracy, and corruption. Chad obtained a three-year extended credit facility from the IMF in 2014 and was granted debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative in April 2015. ++ In 2018, economic policy will be driven by efforts that started in 2016 to reverse the recession and to repair damage to public finances and exports. The government is implementing an emergency action plan to counterbalance the drop in oil revenue and to diversify the economy. Chad's national development plan (NDP) cost just over $9 billion with a financing gap of $6.7 billion. The NDP emphasized the importance of private sector participation in Chad's development, as well as the need to improve the business environment, particularly in priority sectors such as mining and agriculture. ++ The Government of Chad reached a deal with Glencore and four other banks on the restructuring of a $1.45 billion oil-backed loan in February 2018, after a long negotiation. The new terms include an extension of the maturity to 2030 from 2022, a two-year grace period on principal repayments, and a lower interest rate of the London Inter-bank Offer Rate (Libor) plus 2% - down from Libor plus 7.5%. The original Glencore loan was to be repaid with crude oil assets, however, Chad's oil sales were hit by the downturn in the price of oil. Chad had secured a $312 million credit from the IMF in June 2017, but release of those funds hinged on restructuring the Glencore debt. Chad had already cut public spending to try to meet the terms of the IMF program, but that prompted strikes and protests in a country where nearly 40% of the population lives below the poverty line. Multinational partners, such as the African Development Bank, the EU, and the World Bank are likely to continue budget support in 2018, but Chad will remain at high debt risk, given its dependence on oil revenue and pressure to spend on subsidies and security." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$28.62 billion (2017 est.) / $29.55 billion (2016 est.) / $31.58 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 134 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$9.872 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "-3.1% (2017 est.) / -6.4% (2016 est.) / 1.8% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 211 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-0.9% (2019 est.) / 4.2% (2018 est.) / -1.5% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 7 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$26.455 billion (2019 est.) / $25.623 billion (2018 est.) / $25.029 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$10.912 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,300 (2017 est.) / $2,500 (2016 est.) / $2,700 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "text": "$813 (2019 est.) / $811 (2018 est.) / $817 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 215 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "15.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 7.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 13.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 133 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "52.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "14.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "33.1% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "75.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -566,16 +580,8 @@ "text": "-39.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "52.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "14.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "33.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "36.9 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, sesame, corn, rice, potatoes, onions, cassava (manioc, tapioca), cattle, sheep, goats, camels" @@ -636,17 +642,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.9% (2017 est.) / -1.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 2 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$558 million (2017 est.) / -$926 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 124 }, "Exports": { "text": "$2.464 billion (2017 est.) / $2.187 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 132 + "country comparison to the world": 137 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 38.7%, China 16.6%, Netherlands 15.7%, UAE 12.2%, India 6.3% (2017)" @@ -656,7 +658,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$2.16 billion (2017 est.) / $1.997 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 164 + "country comparison to the world": 169 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles" @@ -709,11 +711,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "48,200 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 192 + "country comparison to the world": 191 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "98% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 28 + "country comparison to the world": 27 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -941,7 +943,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "361,945 (Sudan), 95,051 (Central African Republic), 15,843 (Nigeria) (2020)" + "text": "361,945 (Sudan), 95,023 (Central African Republic), 15,985 (Nigeria) (2020)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "236,426 (majority are in the east) (2020)" diff --git a/africa/cf.json b/africa/cf.json index 68f5058b..d2e1ddd0 100644 --- a/africa/cf.json +++ b/africa/cf.json @@ -173,11 +173,11 @@ "female": { "text": "19.7 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.26% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 33 + "country comparison to the world": 32 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "32.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 139 + "country comparison to the world": 138 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the population is primarily located in the south, in and around the capital of Brazzaville as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ "female": { "text": "62.7 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "4.45 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -327,8 +327,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 52 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.6% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 82 + "text": "3.5% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 115 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -523,30 +523,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The Republic of the Congo's economy is a mixture of subsistence farming, an industrial sector based largely on oil and support services, and government spending. Oil has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy, providing a major share of government revenues and exports. Natural gas is increasingly being converted to electricity rather than being flared, greatly improving energy prospects. New mining projects, particularly iron ore, which entered production in late 2013, may add as much as $1 billion to annual government revenue. The Republic of the Congo is a member of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) and shares a common currency – the Central African Franc – with five other member states in the region. ++ The current administration faces difficult economic challenges of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty. The drop in oil prices that began in 2014 has constrained government spending; lower oil prices forced the government to cut more than $1 billion in planned spending. The fiscal deficit amounted to 11% of GDP in 2017. The government's inability to pay civil servant salaries has resulted in multiple rounds of strikes by many groups, including doctors, nurses, and teachers. In the wake of a multi-year recession, the country reached out to the IMF in 2017 for a new program; the IMF noted that the country's continued dependence on oil, unsustainable debt, and significant governance weakness are key impediments to the country's economy. In 2018, the country's external debt level will approach 120% of GDP. The IMF urged the government to renegotiate debts levels to sustainable levels before it agreed to a new macroeconomic adjustment package." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "-3.1% (2017 est.) / -2.8% (2016 est.) / 2.6% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 212 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.2% (2019 est.) / 1.1% (2018 est.) / 0.4% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 117 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "CCC (2019)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Caa2 (2018)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "CCC+ (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$29.39 billion (2017 est.) / $30.33 billion (2016 est.) / $31.22 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 133 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$8.718 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-3.1% (2017 est.) / -2.8% (2016 est.) / 2.6% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$6,800 (2017 est.) / $7,200 (2016 est.) / $7,500 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 161 + "country comparison to the world": 140 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "19.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / -12.8% of GDP (2016 est.) / 6.6% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 101 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "9.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "51% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "39.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "47.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -567,16 +592,8 @@ "text": "-62.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "9.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "51% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "39.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "39.5 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cassava (manioc, tapioca), sugar, rice, corn, peanuts, vegetables, coffee, cocoa; forest products" @@ -605,7 +622,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "36% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "46.5% (2011 est.)" @@ -641,17 +658,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.5% (2017 est.) / 3.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 26 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.128 billion (2017 est.) / -$5.735 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 148 }, "Exports": { "text": "$4.193 billion (2017 est.) / $4.116 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 114 + "country comparison to the world": 121 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 53.8%, Angola 6.2%, Gabon 5.7%, Italy 5.4%, Spain 5.4%, Australia 4.8% (2017)" @@ -661,7 +674,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$2.501 billion (2017 est.) / $5.639 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 157 + "country comparison to the world": 163 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "capital equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs" @@ -718,7 +731,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "64% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 121 + "country comparison to the world": 120 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/cg.json b/africa/cg.json index 358754c8..58302aee 100644 --- a/africa/cg.json +++ b/africa/cg.json @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ "female": { "text": "16.8 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 223 + "country comparison to the world": 222 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "3.18% (2020 est.)", @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 138 + "country comparison to the world": 137 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "urban clusters are spread throughout the country, particularly in the northeast along the boarder with Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi; the largest city is the capital, Kinshasha, located in the west along the Congo River; the south is least densely populated as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ "female": { "text": "62.8 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "country comparison to the world": 215 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "5.77 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 172 + "country comparison to the world": 166 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -544,30 +544,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo - a nation endowed with vast natural resource wealth - continues to perform poorly. Systemic corruption since independence in 1960, combined with countrywide instability and intermittent conflict that began in the early-90s, has reduced national output and government revenue, and increased external debt. With the installation of a transitional government in 2003 after peace accords, economic conditions slowly began to improve as the government reopened relations with international financial institutions and international donors, and President KABILA began implementing reforms. Progress on implementing substantive economic reforms remains slow because of political instability, bureaucratic inefficiency, corruption, and patronage, which also dampen international investment prospects. ++ Renewed activity in the mining sector, the source of most export income, boosted Kinshasa's fiscal position and GDP growth until 2015, but low commodity prices have led to slower growth, volatile inflation, currency depreciation, and a growing fiscal deficit. An uncertain legal framework, corruption, and a lack of transparency in government policy are long-term problems for the large mining sector and for the economy as a whole. Much economic activity still occurs in the informal sector and is not reflected in GDP data. ++ Poverty remains widespread in DRC, and the country failed to meet any Millennium Development Goals by 2015. DRC also concluded its program with the IMF in 2015. The price of copper – the DRC's primary export - plummeted in 2015 and remained at record lows during 2016-17, reducing government revenues, expenditures, and foreign exchange reserves, while inflation reached nearly 50% in mid-2017 – its highest level since the early 2000s." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$68.6 billion (2017 est.) / $66.33 billion (2016 est.) / $64.78 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 103 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$41.44 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "3.4% (2017 est.) / 2.4% (2016 est.) / 6.9% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 87 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "41.5% (2017 est.) / 18.2% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 224 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Caa1 (2019)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "CCC+ (2017)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$69.779 billion (2019 est.) / $66.848 billion (2018 est.) / $63.171 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$47.16 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$800 (2017 est.) / $800 (2016 est.) / $800 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 226 + "text": "$421 (2019 est.) / $417 (2018 est.) / $407 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 224 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "11.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 8.7% of GDP (2016 est.) / 16.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 154 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "19.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "43.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "36.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "78.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -588,16 +610,8 @@ "text": "-32.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "19.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "43.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "36.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "36.2 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coffee, sugar, palm oil, rubber, tea, cotton, cocoa, quinine, cassava (manioc, tapioca), bananas, plantains, peanuts, root crops, corn, fruits; wood products" @@ -661,17 +675,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "41.5% (2017 est.) / 18.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 224 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$200 million (2017 est.) / -$1.215 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 99 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$10.98 billion (2017 est.) / $8.228 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 89 + "text": "$21.16 billion (2019 est.) / $20.859 billion (2018 est.) / $18.258 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 77 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 41.4%, Zambia 22.7%, South Korea 7.2%, Finland 6.2% (2017)" @@ -680,8 +690,8 @@ "text": "diamonds, copper, gold, cobalt, wood products, crude oil, coffee" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$10.82 billion (2017 est.) / $10.21 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 100 + "text": "$19.5 billion (2019 est.) / $21.302 billion (2018 est.) / $20.338 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 85 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels" @@ -738,7 +748,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "2% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/cm.json b/africa/cm.json index e98f7710..3f576c70 100644 --- a/africa/cm.json +++ b/africa/cm.json @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ "text": "Roman Catholic 38.3%, Protestant 25.5%, other Christian 6.9%, Muslim 24.4%, animist 2.2%, other 0.5%, none 2.2% (2018 est.)" }, "Demographic profile": { - "text": "Cameroon has a large youth population, with more than 60% of the populace under the age of 25. Fertility is falling but remains at a high level, especially among poor, rural, and uneducated women, in part because of inadequate access to contraception. Life expectancy remains low at about 55 years due to the prevalence of HIV and AIDs and an elevated maternal mortality rate, which has remained high since 1990. Cameroon, particularly the northern region, is vulnerable to food insecurity largely because of government mismanagement, corruption, high production costs, inadequate infrastructure, and natural disasters. Despite economic growth in some regions, poverty is on the rise, and is most prevalent in rural areas, which are especially affected by a shortage of jobs, declining incomes, poor school and health care infrastructure, and a lack of clean water and sanitation. Underinvestment in social safety nets and ineffective public financial management also contribute to Cameroon's high rate of poverty. ++ International migration has been driven by unemployment (including fewer government jobs), poverty, the search for educational opportunities, and corruption. The US and Europe are preferred destinations, but, with tighter immigration restrictions in these countries, young Cameroonians are increasingly turning to neighboring states, such as Gabon and Nigeria, South Africa, other parts of Africa, and the Near and Far East. Cameroon's limited resources make it dependent on UN support to host more than 420,000 refugees and asylum seekers as of September 2020. These refugees and asylum seekers are primarily from the Central African Republic and Nigeria." + "text": "Cameroon has a large youth population, with more than 60% of the populace under the age of 25. Fertility is falling but remains at a high level, especially among poor, rural, and uneducated women, in part because of inadequate access to contraception. Life expectancy remains low at about 55 years due to the prevalence of HIV and AIDs and an elevated maternal mortality rate, which has remained high since 1990. Cameroon, particularly the northern region, is vulnerable to food insecurity largely because of government mismanagement, corruption, high production costs, inadequate infrastructure, and natural disasters. Despite economic growth in some regions, poverty is on the rise, and is most prevalent in rural areas, which are especially affected by a shortage of jobs, declining incomes, poor school and health care infrastructure, and a lack of clean water and sanitation. Underinvestment in social safety nets and ineffective public financial management also contribute to Cameroon's high rate of poverty. The activities of Boko Haram, other armed groups, and counterinsurgency operations have worsened food insecurity in the Far North region. ++ International migration has been driven by unemployment (including fewer government jobs), poverty, the search for educational opportunities, and corruption. The US and Europe are preferred destinations, but, with tighter immigration restrictions in these countries, young Cameroonians are increasingly turning to neighboring states, such as Gabon and Nigeria, South Africa, other parts of Africa, and the Near and Far East. Cameroon's limited resources make it dependent on UN support to host more than 420,000 refugees and asylum seekers as of September 2020. These refugees and asylum seekers are primarily from the Central African Republic and Nigeria." }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ "female": { "text": "18.8 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.78% (2020 est.)", @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 116 + "country comparison to the world": 115 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population concentrated in the west and north, with the interior of the country sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ "female": { "text": "64 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "4.66 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -333,8 +333,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 60 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.1% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 133 + "text": "3.1% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 129 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -547,30 +547,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Cameroon's market-based, diversified economy features oil and gas, timber, aluminum, agriculture, mining and the service sector. Oil remains Cameroon's main export commodity, and despite falling global oil prices, still accounts for nearly 40% of exports. Cameroon's economy suffers from factors that often impact underdeveloped countries, such as stagnant per capita income, a relatively inequitable distribution of income, a top-heavy civil service, endemic corruption, continuing inefficiencies of a large parastatal system in key sectors, and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. ++ Since 1990, the government has embarked on various IMF and World Bank programs designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, improve trade, and recapitalize the nation's banks. The IMF continues to press for economic reforms, including increased budget transparency, privatization, and poverty reduction programs. The Government of Cameroon provides subsidies for electricity, food, and fuel that have strained the federal budget and diverted funds from education, healthcare, and infrastructure projects, as low oil prices have led to lower revenues. ++ Cameroon devotes significant resources to several large infrastructure projects currently under construction, including a deep seaport in Kribi and the Lom Pangar Hydropower Project. Cameroon's energy sector continues to diversify, recently opening a natural gas-powered electricity generating plant. Cameroon continues to seek foreign investment to improve its inadequate infrastructure, create jobs, and improve its economic footprint, but its unfavorable business environment remains a significant deterrent to foreign investment." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "3.5% (2017 est.) / 4.6% (2016 est.) / 5.7% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 84 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.4% (2019 est.) / 1% (2018 est.) / 0.6% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 124 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B (2006)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B2 (2016)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B- (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$89.54 billion (2017 est.) / $86.47 billion (2016 est.) / $82.63 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 88 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$34.99 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.5% (2017 est.) / 4.6% (2016 est.) / 5.7% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 84 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$3,700 (2017 est.) / $3,700 (2016 est.) / $3,600 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 182 + "country comparison to the world": 169 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "25.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 25.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 23.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 56 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "16.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "26.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "56.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "66.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -591,16 +616,8 @@ "text": "-20.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "16.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "26.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "56.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "46.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, cassava (manioc, tapioca); livestock; timber" @@ -629,7 +646,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4.3% (2014 est.) / 30% (2001 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 63 + "country comparison to the world": 64 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "30% (2001 est.)" @@ -665,17 +682,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.6% (2017 est.) / 0.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 31 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$932 million (2017 est.) / -$1.034 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 144 }, "Exports": { "text": "$4.732 billion (2017 est.) / $4.561 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 109 + "country comparison to the world": 117 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Netherlands 15.6%, France 12.6%, China 11.7%, Belgium 6.8%, Italy 6.3%, Algeria 4.8%, Malaysia 4.4% (2017)" @@ -685,7 +698,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$4.812 billion (2017 est.) / $4.827 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 132 + "country comparison to the world": 141 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food" @@ -742,7 +755,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "52% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 145 + "country comparison to the world": 144 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -1005,7 +1018,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "310,097 (Central African Republic), 116,623 (Nigeria) (2020)" + "text": "314,780 (Central African Republic), 116,960 (Nigeria) (2020)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1,032,942 (2020) (includes far north, northwest, and southwest)" diff --git a/africa/cn.json b/africa/cn.json index cef43bef..ebf59994 100644 --- a/africa/cn.json +++ b/africa/cn.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 180 + "country comparison to the world": 179 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -165,23 +165,23 @@ "female": { "text": "21.5 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 189 + "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.47% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 73 + "country comparison to the world": 72 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "23.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 52 + "country comparison to the world": 51 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 130 + "country comparison to the world": 129 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 169 + "country comparison to the world": 168 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the capital city of Maroni, located on the western side of the island of Grande Comore, is the country's largest city; however, of the three islands that comprise Comoros, it is Anjouan that is the most densely populated as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.95 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 53 + "country comparison to the world": 52 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "19.4% (2012)" @@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.5% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 160 + "country comparison to the world": 153 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -498,30 +498,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "One of the world's poorest and smallest economies, the Comoros is made up of three islands that are hampered by inadequate transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture, including fishing, hunting, and forestry, accounts for about 50% of GDP, employs a majority of the labor force, and provides most of the exports. Export income is heavily reliant on the three main crops of vanilla, cloves, and ylang ylang (perfume essence); and the Comoros' export earnings are easily disrupted by disasters such as fires and extreme weather. Despite agriculture's importance to the economy, the country imports roughly 70% of its food; rice, the main staple, and other dried vegetables account for more than 25% of imports. Remittances from about 300,000 Comorans contribute about 25% of the country's GDP. France, Comoros's colonial power, remains a key trading partner and bilateral donor. ++ Comoros faces an education system in need of upgrades, limited opportunities for private commercial and industrial enterprises, poor health services, limited exports, and a high population growth rate. Recurring political instability, sometimes initiated from outside the country, and an ongoing electricity crisis have inhibited growth. The government, elected in mid-2016, has moved to improve revenue mobilization, reduce expenditures, and improve electricity access, although the public sector wage bill remains one of the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. In mid-2017, Comoros joined the Southern African Development Community with 15 other regional member states." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.319 billion (2017 est.) / $1.284 billion (2016 est.) / $1.257 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 201 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$652 million (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.7% (2017 est.) / 2.2% (2016 est.) / 1% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 107 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1% (2017 est.) / 1.8% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 64 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$2.052 billion (2019 est.) / $1.998 billion (2018 est.) / $1.932 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1.186 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,600 (2017 est.) / $1,600 (2016 est.) / $1,600 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "text": "$1,406 (2019 est.) / $1,400 (2018 est.) / $1,384 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "17.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 13.6% of GDP (2016 est.) / 18% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 117 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "47.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "11.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "40.5% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "92.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -542,16 +556,8 @@ "text": "-47.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "47.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "11.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "40.5% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "47.9 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "vanilla, cloves, ylang-ylang (perfume essence), coconuts, bananas, cassava (manioc)" @@ -580,7 +586,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "6.5% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 101 + "country comparison to the world": 102 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "44.8% (2004 est.)" @@ -616,17 +622,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1% (2017 est.) / 1.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 50 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$27 million (2017 est.) / -$45 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 74 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$18.9 million (2017 est.) / $17.9 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "text": "$161 million (2018 est.) / $135 million (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "France 36.5%, India 12.2%, Germany 8.2%, Pakistan 6.3%, Switzerland 5.8%, South Korea 4.7%, Russia 4.3% (2017)" @@ -635,8 +637,8 @@ "text": "vanilla, ylang-ylang (perfume essence), cloves" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$207.8 million (2017 est.) / $189.9 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "text": "$471 million (2018 est.) / $424 million (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods, petroleum products, cement and construction materials, transport equipment" @@ -686,11 +688,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "27,000 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "96% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 38 + "country comparison to the world": 37 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -726,7 +728,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "1,300 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "1,241 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -758,7 +760,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "193,600 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 200 } }, "Communications": { @@ -831,7 +833,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "4 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 186 + "country comparison to the world": 185 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/africa/ct.json b/africa/ct.json index 440c9fac..49bbc324 100644 --- a/africa/ct.json +++ b/africa/ct.json @@ -169,11 +169,11 @@ "female": { "text": "20.3 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.09% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 41 + "country comparison to the world": 40 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "33.2 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 79 + "country comparison to the world": 78 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "majority of residents live in the western and central areas of the country, especially in and around the capital of Bangui as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ "female": { "text": "55.7 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 224 + "country comparison to the world": 223 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "4.14 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "1.2% of GDP (2011)", - "country comparison to the world": 174 + "country comparison to the world": 170 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "under the 2015 constitution, the president is elected by universal direct suffrage for a period of 5 years (eligible for a second term); election last held 30 December 2015 with a runoff 20 February 2016 (next election scheduled to be held in December 2020)" + "text": "under the 2015 constitution, the president is elected by universal direct suffrage for a period of 5 years (eligible for a second term); election last held 30 December 2015 with a runoff 20 February 2016 (next scheduled to be held on 27 December 2020)" }, "election results": { "text": "Faustin-Archange TOUADERA elected president in the second round; percent of vote in first round - Anicet-Georges DOLOGUELE (URCA) 23.7%, Faustin-Archange TOUADERA (independent) 19.1%, Desire KOLINGBA (RDC) 12.%, Martin ZIGUELE (MLPC) 11.4%, other 33.8%; percent of vote in second round - Faustin-Archange TOUADERA 62.7%, Anicet-Georges DOLOGUELE 37.3%" @@ -527,30 +527,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Subsistence agriculture, together with forestry and mining, remains the backbone of the economy of the Central African Republic (CAR), with about 60% of the population living in outlying areas. The agricultural sector generates more than half of estimated GDP, although statistics are unreliable in the conflict-prone country. Timber and diamonds account for most export earnings, followed by cotton. Important constraints to economic development include the CAR's landlocked geography, poor transportation system, largely unskilled work force, and legacy of misdirected macroeconomic policies. Factional fighting between the government and its opponents remains a drag on economic revitalization. Distribution of income is highly unequal and grants from the international community can only partially meet humanitarian needs. CAR shares a common currency with the Central African Monetary Union. The currency is pegged to the Euro. ++ Since 2009, the IMF has worked closely with the government to institute reforms that have resulted in some improvement in budget transparency, but other problems remain. The government's additional spending in the run-up to the 2011 election worsened CAR's fiscal situation. In 2012, the World Bank approved $125 million in funding for transport infrastructure and regional trade, focused on the route between CAR's capital and the port of Douala in Cameroon. In July 2016, the IMF approved a three-year extended credit facility valued at $116 million; in mid-2017, the IMF completed a review of CAR's fiscal performance and broadly approved of the government's management, although issues with revenue collection, weak government capacity, and transparency remain. The World Bank in late 2016 approved a $20 million grant to restore basic fiscal management, improve transparency, and assist with economic recovery. ++ Participation in the Kimberley Process, a commitment to remove conflict diamonds from the global supply chain, led to a partially lifted the ban on diamond exports from CAR in 2015, but persistent insecurity is likely to constrain real GDP growth." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "4.3% (2017 est.) / 4.5% (2016 est.) / 4.8% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 66 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.7% (2019 est.) / 1.6% (2018 est.) / 4.2% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 135 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$3.39 billion (2017 est.) / $3.249 billion (2016 est.) / $3.108 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 185 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$1.937 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.3% (2017 est.) / 4.5% (2016 est.) / 4.8% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 66 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$700 (2017 est.) / $700 (2016 est.) / $600 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 228 + "country comparison to the world": 217 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "5.4% of GDP (2017 est.) / 8.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 4.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 175 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "43.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "16% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "40.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "95.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -571,16 +585,8 @@ "text": "-29.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "43.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "16% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "40.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "35.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cotton, coffee, tobacco, cassava (manioc, tapioca), yams, millet, corn, bananas; timber" @@ -598,7 +604,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "6.9% (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 109 + "country comparison to the world": 110 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "62% NA (2008 est.)" @@ -634,17 +640,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.1% (2017 est.) / 4.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 159 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$163 million (2017 est.) / -$97 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 95 }, "Exports": { "text": "$113.7 million (2017 est.) / $101.5 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "France 31.2%, Burundi 16.2%, China 12.5%, Cameroon 9.6%, Austria 7.8% (2017)" @@ -654,7 +656,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$393.1 million (2017 est.) / $342.2 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, textiles, petroleum products, machinery, electrical equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals" @@ -707,11 +709,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "38,300 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "country comparison to the world": 196 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "50% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 151 + "country comparison to the world": 150 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/cv.json b/africa/cv.json index 54e6fb65..f59b0369 100644 --- a/africa/cv.json +++ b/africa/cv.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 176 + "country comparison to the world": 175 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than Rhode Island" @@ -99,13 +99,13 @@ } }, "Geography - note": { - "text": "strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site" + "text": "strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site; one of four North Atlantic archipelagos that make up Macaronesia; the others are Azores (Portugal), Canary Islands (Spain), and Madeira (Portugal)" } }, "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "583,255 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 173 + "country comparison to the world": 172 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%" + "text": "Creole (Mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%" }, "Languages": { "text": "Portuguese (official), Krioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African languages)" @@ -172,19 +172,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.28% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 84 + "country comparison to the world": 83 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "19.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 79 + "country comparison to the world": 78 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 169 + "country comparison to the world": 168 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 129 + "country comparison to the world": 128 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "among the nine inhabited islands, population distribution is variable; islands in the east are very dry and are only sparsely settled to exploit their extensive salt deposits; the more southerly islands receive more precipitation and support larger populations, but agriculture and livestock grazing have damaged the soil fertility and vegetation; approximately half of the population lives on Sao Tiago Island, which is the location of the capital of Praia; Mindelo, on the northern island of Sao Vicente, also has a large urban population as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ "female": { "text": "16.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 79 + "country comparison to the world": 78 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.16 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 95 + "country comparison to the world": 94 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.2% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 53 + "country comparison to the world": 49 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 2 October 2016 (next to be held in 2021); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president" + "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 2 October 2016 (next to be held on 27 December 2020); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president" }, "election results": { "text": "Jorge Carlos FONSECA reelected president; percent of vote - Jorge Carlos FONSECA (MPD) 74%, Albertino GRACA (independent) 23%, other 3%" @@ -506,30 +506,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Cabo Verde's economy depends on development aid, foreign investment, remittances, and tourism. The economy is service-oriented with commerce, transport, tourism, and public services accounting for about three-fourths of GDP. Tourism is the mainstay of the economy and depends on conditions in the euro-zone countries. Cabo Verde annually runs a high trade deficit financed by foreign aid and remittances from its large pool of emigrants; remittances as a share of GDP are one of the highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. ++ Although about 40% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of food production in GDP is low. The island economy suffers from a poor natural resource base, including serious water shortages, exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought, and poor soil for growing food on several of the islands, requiring it to import most of what it consumes. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. ++ Economic reforms are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy and mitigate high unemployment. The government's elevated debt levels have limited its capacity to finance any shortfalls." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$3.777 billion (2017 est.) / $3.631 billion (2016 est.) / $3.468 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 182 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.776 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4% (2017 est.) / 4.7% (2016 est.) / 1% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 73 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.1% (2019 est.) / 1.2% (2018 est.) / 0.7% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 71 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B- (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B (2013)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$3.621 billion (2019 est.) / $3.427 billion (2018 est.) / $3.278 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1.971 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$7,000 (2017 est.) / $6,800 (2016 est.) / $6,600 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 157 + "text": "$3,980 (2019 est.) / $3,810 (2018 est.) / $3,687 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 166 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "32.4% of GDP (2017 est.) / 34.8% of GDP (2016 est.) / 35.6% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 25 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "8.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "17.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "73.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "50.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -550,16 +572,8 @@ "text": "-51.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "8.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "17.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "73.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "55.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish" @@ -577,7 +591,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "9% (2017 est.) / 9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 138 + "country comparison to the world": 139 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "30% (2000 est.)" @@ -613,17 +627,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.8% (2017 est.) / -1.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 39 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$109 million (2017 est.) / -$40 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 88 }, "Exports": { "text": "$189 million (2017 est.) / $148.4 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 190 + "country comparison to the world": 191 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Spain 45.3%, Portugal 40.3%, Netherlands 8.1% (2017)" @@ -633,7 +643,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$836.1 million (2017 est.) / $687.3 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 189 + "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels" @@ -687,7 +697,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "79% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 84 + "country comparison to the world": 83 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/dj.json b/africa/dj.json index b03fbff4..a5db2113 100644 --- a/africa/dj.json +++ b/africa/dj.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "20 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 151 + "country comparison to the world": 150 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than New Jersey" @@ -179,15 +179,15 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.07% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 44 + "country comparison to the world": 43 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "22.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 62 + "country comparison to the world": 61 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 111 + "country comparison to the world": 110 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "5.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ "female": { "text": "35.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 37 + "country comparison to the world": 36 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.19 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 93 + "country comparison to the world": 92 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "19% (2012)" @@ -321,8 +321,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 6 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.5% of GDP (2010)", - "country comparison to the world": 87 + "text": "3.6% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 109 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -505,30 +505,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Djibouti's economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location as a deepwater port on the Red Sea. Three-fourths of Djibouti's inhabitants live in the capital city; the remainder are mostly nomadic herders. Scant rainfall and less than 4% arable land limits crop production to small quantities of fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. ++ Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. Imports, exports, and reexports represent 70% of port activity at Djibouti's container terminal. Reexports consist primarily of coffee from landlocked neighbor Ethiopia. Djibouti has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An official unemployment rate of nearly 40% - with youth unemployment near 80% - continues to be a major problem. Inflation was a modest 3% in 2014-2017, due to low international food prices and a decline in electricity tariffs. ++ Djibouti's reliance on diesel-generated electricity and imported food and water leave average consumers vulnerable to global price shocks, though in mid-2015 Djibouti passed new legislation to liberalize the energy sector. The government has emphasized infrastructure development for transportation and energy and Djibouti – with the help of foreign partners, particularly China – has begun to increase and modernize its port capacity. In 2017, Djibouti opened two of the largest projects in its history, the Doraleh Port and Djibouti-Addis Ababa Railway, funded by China as part of the \"Belt and Road Initiative,\" which will increase the country's ability to capitalize on its strategic location." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "6.7% (2017 est.) / 6.5% (2016 est.) / 6.5% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 22 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.7% (2017 est.) / 2.7% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 53 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$3.64 billion (2017 est.) / $3.411 billion (2016 est.) / $3.203 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 183 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.029 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.7% (2017 est.) / 6.5% (2016 est.) / 6.5% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 23 + "text": "$3.323 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$3,600 (2017 est.) / $3,400 (2016 est.) / $3,300 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 185 + "country comparison to the world": 171 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "22.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 38.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 19% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 81 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "17.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "80.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "56.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -549,16 +563,8 @@ "text": "-66.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "17.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "80.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "60.5 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels, animal hides" @@ -587,7 +593,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "40% (2017 est.) / 60% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "23% (2015 est.)", @@ -624,17 +630,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.) / 2.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 36 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$280 million (2017 est.) / -$178 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 105 }, "Exports": { "text": "$139.9 million (2017 est.) / (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 192 + "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Ethiopia 38.8%, Somalia 17.1%, Qatar 9.1%, Brazil 8.9%, Yemen 4.9%, US 4.6% (2017)" @@ -644,7 +646,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$726.4 million (2017 est.) / $705.2 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 192 + "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products, clothing" diff --git a/africa/eg.json b/africa/eg.json index 8e1ef344..cd0e08be 100644 --- a/africa/eg.json +++ b/africa/eg.json @@ -183,19 +183,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.28% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 31 + "country comparison to the world": 30 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "27.2 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 42 + "country comparison to the world": 41 }, "Death rate": { "text": "4.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 117 + "country comparison to the world": 116 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "approximately 95% of the population lives within 20 km of the Nile River and its delta; vast areas of the country remain sparsely populated or uninhabited as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ "female": { "text": "15.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 87 + "country comparison to the world": 86 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "3.29 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 45 + "country comparison to the world": 44 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "58.5% (2014)" @@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ "water contact disease": { "text": "schistosomiasis" }, - "note": "note: clusters of cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are occurring throughout Egypt; as of 10 November 2020, Egypt has reported a total of 108,962 cases of COVID-19 or 1,065 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 62 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" + "note": "note: clusters of cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are occurring throughout Egypt; as of 8 December 2020, Egypt has reported a total of 118,014 cases of COVID-19 or 1,153 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 66 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "32% (2016)", @@ -542,30 +542,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Occupying the northeast corner of the African continent, Egypt is bisected by the highly fertile Nile valley where most economic activity takes place. Egypt's economy was highly centralized during the rule of former President Gamal Abdel NASSER but opened up considerably under former Presidents Anwar EL-SADAT and Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK. Agriculture, hydrocarbons, manufacturing, tourism, and other service sectors drove the country's relatively diverse economic activity. ++ Despite Egypt's mixed record for attracting foreign investment over the past two decades, poor living conditions and limited job opportunities have contributed to public discontent. These socioeconomic pressures were a major factor leading to the January 2011 revolution that ousted MUBARAK. The uncertain political, security, and policy environment since 2011 has restricted economic growth and failed to alleviate persistent unemployment, especially among the young. ++ In late 2016, persistent dollar shortages and waning aid from its Gulf allies led Cairo to turn to the IMF for a 3-year, $12 billion loan program. To secure the deal, Cairo floated its currency, introduced new taxes, and cut energy subsidies - all of which pushed inflation above 30% for most of 2017, a high that had not been seen in a generation. Since the currency float, foreign investment in Egypt's high interest treasury bills has risen exponentially, boosting both dollar availability and central bank reserves. Cairo will be challenged to obtain foreign and local investment in manufacturing and other sectors without a sustained effort to implement a range of business reforms." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.204 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.155 trillion (2016 est.) / $1.107 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 21 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$236.5 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4.2% (2017 est.) / 4.3% (2016 est.) / 4.4% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 68 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "9.3% (2019 est.) / 14.4% (2018 est.) / 29.6% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 206 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B+ (2019)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B2 (2019)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B (2018)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$1,087,520,000,000 (2019 est.) / $1,030,262,000,000 (2018 est.) / $978.275 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$323.763 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$12,700 (2017 est.) / $12,800 (2016 est.) / $12,400 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 124 + "text": "$2,943 (2019 est.) / $2,844 (2018 est.) / $2,756 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 179 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 9.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 10.6% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 166 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "11.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "34.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "54% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "86.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -586,16 +611,8 @@ "text": "-28.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "11.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "34.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "54% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "60.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats" @@ -624,7 +641,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "7.86% (2019 est.) / 12.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 121 + "country comparison to the world": 122 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "27.8% (2016 est.)" @@ -661,17 +678,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "23.5% (2017 est.) / 10.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 217 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$8.915 billion (2019 est.) / -$7.682 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$23.3 billion (2017 est.) / $20.02 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 67 + "text": "$87.891 billion (2018 est.) / $66.506 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 50 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "UAE 10.9%, Italy 10%, US 7.4%, UK 5.7%, Turkey 4.4%, Germany 4.3%, India 4.3% (2017)" @@ -680,8 +693,8 @@ "text": "crude oil and petroleum products, fruits and vegetables, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals, processed food" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$59.78 billion (2017 est.) / $57.84 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 50 + "text": "$115.345 billion (2018 est.) / $103.636 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 45 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels" @@ -698,7 +711,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 56 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Egyptian pounds (EGP) per US dollar - / 18.05 (2017 est.) / 8.8 (2016 est.) / 10.07 (2015 est.) / 7.7133 (2014 est.) / 7.08 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Egyptian pounds (EGP) per US dollar - / 15.69 (2020 est.) / 16.14 (2019 est.) / 17.90999 (2018 est.) / 7.7133 (2014 est.) / 7.08 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -729,7 +742,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "91% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 54 + "country comparison to the world": 53 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -981,7 +994,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 102 }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "estimates of the size of the Egyptian Armed Forces (EAF) vary; approximately 450,000 total active personnel (325,000 Army; 18,500 Navy; 30,000 Air Force; 75,000 Air Defense Command) (2019 est.)" + "text": "estimates of the size of the Egyptian Armed Forces (EAF) vary; approximately 450,000 total active personnel (325,000 Army; 18,500 Navy; 30,000 Air Force; 75,000 Air Defense Command) (2019)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the EAF's inventory is comprised of a mix of domestically produced, Soviet-era, and more modern, particularly US, weapons systems; in recent years, the EAF has embarked on an extensive equipment modernization program with major purchases from a variety of suppliers; since 2010, the leading suppliers of military hardware to Egypt are France, Germany, Russia, and the US; Egypt has an established defense industry that produces a range of products from small arms to armored vehicles and naval vessels; it also has licensed and co-production agreements with several countries, including France (naval frigates) and the US (tanks) (2019 )" @@ -993,7 +1006,7 @@ "text": "18-30 years of age for male conscript military service; service obligation - 18-36 months, followed by a 9-year reserve obligation; voluntary enlistment possible from age 15 (2017)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "since 2011, the Egyptian Armed Forces, police, and other security forces have been actively engaged in counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations in the North Sinai governorate against several militant groups, particularly the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham – Sinai Province; as of early 2020, Egypt reportedly had over 40,000 troops plus thousands of police and other security personnel deployed to the Sinai for internal security duties where more than 1,000 have been killed ++ the military has a large stake in the civilian economy, including running businesses, producing consumer and industrial goods, importing commodities, and building and managing infrastructure projects, such as bridges, roads, hospitals, and housing developments the Multinational Force & Observers (MFO) has operated in the Sinai since 1982 as a peacekeeping and monitoring force to supervise the implementation of the security provisions of the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli Treaty of Peace; the MFO is an independent international organization, created by agreement between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the State of Israel; it is composed of about 1,150 troops from 13 countries (2020)" + "text": "since 2011, the Egyptian Armed Forces, police, and other security forces have been actively engaged in counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations in the North Sinai governorate against several militant groups, particularly the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham – Sinai Province; as of early 2020, Egypt reportedly had over 40,000 troops plus thousands of police and other security personnel deployed to the Sinai for internal security duties ++ the military has a large stake in the civilian economy, including running businesses, producing consumer and industrial goods, importing commodities, and building and managing infrastructure projects, such as bridges, roads, hospitals, and housing developments the Multinational Force & Observers (MFO) has operated in the Sinai since 1982 as a peacekeeping and monitoring force to supervise the implementation of the security provisions of the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli Treaty of Peace; the MFO is an independent international organization, created by agreement between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the State of Israel; it is composed of about 1,150 troops from 13 countries (2020)" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1008,7 +1021,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "70,010 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (2019); 130,085 (Syria) (refugees and asylum seekers), 49,290 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 19,814 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 19,200 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 16,181 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,259 (Yemen) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,824 (Iraq) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,755 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2020)" + "text": "70,010 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (2019); 130,187 (Syria) (refugees and asylum seekers), 49,290 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 19,814 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 19,200 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 16,181 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,259 (Yemen) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,824 (Iraq) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,755 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2020)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "97,000 (2019)" diff --git a/africa/ek.json b/africa/ek.json index 2bbfadd6..5b089f2a 100644 --- a/africa/ek.json +++ b/africa/ek.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 146 + "country comparison to the world": 145 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" @@ -172,11 +172,11 @@ "female": { "text": "20.7 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 192 + "country comparison to the world": 191 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.35% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 29 + "country comparison to the world": 28 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "30.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -184,11 +184,11 @@ }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 112 + "country comparison to the world": 111 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 81 + "country comparison to the world": 80 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "only two large cities over 30,000 people (Bata on the mainland, and the capital Malabo on the island of Bioko); small communities are scattered throughout the mainland and the five inhabited islands as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ "note": "etymology: named after Malabo Lopelo Melaka (1837–1937), the last king of the Bubi, the ethnic group indigenous to the island of Bioko; the name of the new capital, Cuidad de la Paz, translates to \"City of Peace\" in Spanish" }, "Administrative divisions": { - "text": "7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele-Nzas" + "text": "8 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Djibloho, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele-Nzas" }, "Independence": { "text": "12 October 1968 (from Spain)" @@ -508,30 +508,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Exploitation of oil and gas deposits, beginning in the 1990s, has driven economic growth in Equatorial Guinea; a recent rebasing of GDP resulted in an upward revision of the size of the economy by approximately 30%. Forestry and farming are minor components of GDP. Although preindependence Equatorial Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings, the neglect of the rural economy since independence has diminished the potential for agriculture-led growth. Subsistence farming is the dominant form of livelihood. Declining revenue from hydrocarbon production, high levels of infrastructure expenditures, lack of economic diversification, and corruption have pushed the economy into decline in recent years and limited improvements in the general population's living conditions. Equatorial Guinea's real GDP growth has been weak in recent years, averaging -0.5% per year from 2010 to 2014, because of a declining hydrocarbon sector. Inflation remained very low in 2016, down from an average of 4% in 2014. ++ As a middle income country, Equatorial Guinea is now ineligible for most low-income World Bank and the IMF funding. The government has been widely criticized for its lack of transparency and misuse of oil revenues and has attempted to address this issue by working toward compliance with the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. US foreign assistance to Equatorial Guinea is limited in part because of US restrictions pursuant to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act. ++ Equatorial Guinea hosted two economic diversification symposia in 2014 that focused on attracting investment in five sectors: agriculture and animal ranching, fishing, mining and petrochemicals, tourism, and financial services. Undeveloped mineral resources include gold, zinc, diamonds, columbite-tantalite, and other base metals. In 2017 Equatorial Guinea signed a preliminary agreement with Ghana to sell liquefied natural gas (LNG); as oil production wanes, the government believes LNG could provide a boost to revenues, but it will require large investments and long lead times to develop." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$31.52 billion (2017 est.) / $32.57 billion (2016 est.) / $35.62 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 130 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$12.49 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "-3.2% (2017 est.) / -8.6% (2016 est.) / -9.1% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 213 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.2% (2019 est.) / 1.3% (2018 est.) / 0.7% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 75 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$23.885 billion (2019 est.) / $25.295 billion (2018 est.) / $27.012 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$10.634 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$37,400 (2017 est.) / $39,700 (2016 est.) / $44,600 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 52 + "text": "$9,228 (2019 est.) / $10,123 (2018 est.) / $11,213 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 120 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "6.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / 3.6% of GDP (2016 est.) / 8.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 173 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "54.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "42.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "50% (2017 est.)" @@ -552,16 +566,8 @@ "text": "-39% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "54.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "42.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "41.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coffee, cocoa, rice, yams, cassava (manioc, tapioca), bananas, palm oil nuts; livestock; timber" @@ -579,7 +585,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "8.6% (2014 est.) / 22.3% (2009 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 131 + "country comparison to the world": 132 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "44% (2011 est.)" @@ -615,17 +621,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.) / 1.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 37 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$738 million (2017 est.) / -$1.457 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 136 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$6.118 billion (2017 est.) / $5.042 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 101 + "text": "$8.776 billion (2019 est.) / $8.914 billion (2018 est.) / $9.94 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 103 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 28%, India 11.8%, South Korea 10.3%, Portugal 8.7%, US 6.9%, Spain 4.9% (2017)" @@ -634,8 +636,8 @@ "text": "petroleum products, timber" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.577 billion (2017 est.) / $2.915 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 155 + "text": "$6.245 billion (2019 est.) / $6.129 billion (2018 est.) / $5.708 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 129 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum sector equipment, other equipment, construction materials, vehicles" @@ -689,7 +691,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "61% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 127 + "country comparison to the world": 126 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/er.json b/africa/er.json index f5bf3d4e..b34fb6ff 100644 --- a/africa/er.json +++ b/africa/er.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "16,600 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 102 + "country comparison to the world": 101 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania" @@ -170,23 +170,23 @@ "female": { "text": "20.8 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "country comparison to the world": 192 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.93% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 115 + "country comparison to the world": 114 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "27.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 39 + "country comparison to the world": 38 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 131 + "country comparison to the world": 130 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-11.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 220 + "country comparison to the world": 219 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "density is highest in the center of the country in and around the cities of Asmara (capital) and Keren; smaller settlements exist in the north and south as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "female": { "text": "36.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 31 + "country comparison to the world": 30 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -518,30 +518,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Since formal independence from Ethiopia in 1993, Eritrea has faced many economic problems, including lack of financial resources and chronic drought. Eritrea has a command economy under the control of the sole political party, the People's Front for Democracy and Justice. Like the economies of many African nations, a large share of the population - nearly 80% in Eritrea - is engaged in subsistence agriculture, but the sector only produces a small share of the country's total output. Mining accounts for the lion's share of output. ++ The government has strictly controlled the use of foreign currency by limiting access and availability; new regulations in 2013 aimed at relaxing currency controls have had little economic effect. Few large private enterprises exist in Eritrea and most operate in conjunction with government partners, including a number of large international mining ventures, which began production in 2013. In late 2015, the Government of Eritrea introduced a new currency, retaining the name nakfa, and restricted the amount of hard currency individuals could withdraw from banks per month. The changeover has resulted in exchange fluctuations and the scarcity of hard currency available in the market. ++ While reliable statistics on Eritrea are difficult to obtain, erratic rainfall and the large percentage of the labor force tied up in military service continue to interfere with agricultural production and economic development. Eritrea's harvests generally cannot meet the food needs of the country without supplemental grain purchases. Copper, potash, and gold production are likely to continue to drive limited economic growth and government revenue over the next few years, but military spending will continue to compete with development and investment plans." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$9.402 billion (2017 est.) / $8.953 billion (2016 est.) / $8.791 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 161 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "5% (2017 est.) / 1.9% (2016 est.) / 2.6% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 46 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "9% (2017 est.) / 9% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 204 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$9.702 billion (2017 est.) / $8.953 billion (2016 est.) / $8.791 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$5.813 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5% (2017 est.) / 1.9% (2016 est.) / 2.6% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 46 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$1,600 (2017 est.) / $1,500 (2016 est.) / $1,500 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "5.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 6% of GDP (2016 est.) / 6.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 174 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "11.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "29.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "58.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "80.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -562,16 +576,8 @@ "text": "-22.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "11.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "29.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "58.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "21.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "sorghum, lentils, vegetables, corn, cotton, tobacco, sisal; livestock, goats; fish" @@ -597,7 +603,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5.8% (2017 est.) / 10% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 94 + "country comparison to the world": 95 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "50% (2004 est.)" @@ -633,10 +639,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "9% (2017 est.) / 9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$137 million (2017 est.) / -$105 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 91 @@ -653,7 +655,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$1.127 billion (2017 est.) / $1.048 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 181 + "country comparison to the world": 182 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, petroleum products, food, manufactured goods" @@ -710,7 +712,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "99% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 23 + "country comparison to the world": 22 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -928,7 +930,7 @@ "text": "Eritrean Defense Forces: Eritrean Ground Forces, Eritrean Navy, Eritrean Air Force (includes Air Defense Force) (2019)" }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "the Eritrean Defense Forces are comprised of an estimated 200,000 personnel, including about 2,000 in the naval and air forces; note – includes significant numbers of conscripts; it is unclear how many of the EDF's 200,000 are on active duty; many conscripts are reportedly not under arms (2019)" + "text": "the Eritrean Defense Forces are comprised of an estimated 200,000 personnel, including about 2,000 in the naval and air forces; note – includes significant numbers of conscripts; it is unclear how many of the EDF's 200,000 personnel are on active duty; many conscripts are reportedly not under arms (2019)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Eritrean Defense Forces inventory is comprised primarily of Soviet-era systems; Eritrea was under a UN arms embargo from 2009 to 2018; prior to 2009, Belarus, Bulgaria, and Russia were the leading arms suppliers (2019 est.)" diff --git a/africa/et.json b/africa/et.json index 13acf83e..563d90d8 100644 --- a/africa/et.json +++ b/africa/et.json @@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ "female": { "text": "20.1 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.56% (2020 est.)", @@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 171 + "country comparison to the world": 170 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 106 + "country comparison to the world": 105 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "highest density is found in the highlands of the north and middle areas of the country, particularly around the centrally located capital city of Addis Ababa; the far east and southeast are sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ "female": { "text": "30.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 44 + "country comparison to the world": 43 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.7% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 78 + "country comparison to the world": 70 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -551,30 +551,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Ethiopia - the second most populous country in Africa - is a one-party state with a planned economy. For more than a decade before 2016, GDP grew at a rate between 8% and 11% annually – one of the fastest growing states among the 188 IMF member countries. This growth was driven by government investment in infrastructure, as well as sustained progress in the agricultural and service sectors. More than 70% of Ethiopia's population is still employed in the agricultural sector, but services have surpassed agriculture as the principal source of GDP. ++ Ethiopia has the lowest level of income-inequality in Africa and one of the lowest in the world, with a Gini coefficient comparable to that of the Scandinavian countries. Yet despite progress toward eliminating extreme poverty, Ethiopia remains one of the poorest countries in the world, due both to rapid population growth and a low starting base. Changes in rainfall associated with world-wide weather patterns resulted in the worst drought in 30 years in 2015-16, creating food insecurity for millions of Ethiopians. ++ The state is heavily engaged in the economy. Ongoing infrastructure projects include power production and distribution, roads, rails, airports and industrial parks. Key sectors are state-owned, including telecommunications, banking and insurance, and power distribution. Under Ethiopia's constitution, the state owns all land and provides long-term leases to tenants. Title rights in urban areas, particularly Addis Ababa, are poorly regulated, and subject to corruption. ++ Ethiopia's foreign exchange earnings are led by the services sector - primarily the state-run Ethiopian Airlines - followed by exports of several commodities. While coffee remains the largest foreign exchange earner, Ethiopia is diversifying exports, and commodities such as gold, sesame, khat, livestock and horticulture products are becoming increasingly important. Manufacturing represented less than 8% of total exports in 2016, but manufacturing exports should increase in future years due to a growing international presence. ++ The banking, insurance, telecommunications, and micro-credit industries are restricted to domestic investors, but Ethiopia has attracted roughly $8.5 billion in foreign direct investment (FDI), mostly from China, Turkey, India and the EU; US FDI is $567 million. Investment has been primarily in infrastructure, construction, agriculture/horticulture, agricultural processing, textiles, leather and leather products. ++ To support industrialization in sectors where Ethiopia has a comparative advantage, such as textiles and garments, leather goods, and processed agricultural products, Ethiopia plans to increase installed power generation capacity by 8,320 MW, up from a capacity of 2,000 MW, by building three more major dams and expanding to other sources of renewable energy. In 2017, the government devalued the birr by 15% to increase exports and alleviate a chronic foreign currency shortage in the country." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$200.6 billion (2017 est.) / $181 billion (2016 est.) / $167.6 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 64 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "10.9% (2017 est.) / 8% (2016 est.) / 10.4% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 4 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "15.7% (2019 est.) / 13.9% (2018 est.) / 10.8% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 217 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B (2014)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B2 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B (2014)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$203.196 billion (2019 est.) / $187.656 billion (2018 est.) / $175.681 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$80.87 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "10.9% (2017 est.) / 8% (2016 est.) / 10.4% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 5 + "text": "$92.154 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,200 (2017 est.) / $2,000 (2016 est.) / $1,900 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "text": "$537 (2019 est.) / $509 (2018 est.) / $489 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 220 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "32.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / 32.7% of GDP (2016 est.) / 32.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 26 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "34.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "21.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "43.6% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "69.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -595,16 +620,8 @@ "text": "-31.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "34.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "21.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "43.6% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "48.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cereals, coffee, oilseed, cotton, sugarcane, vegetables, khat, cut flowers; hides, cattle, sheep, goats; fish" @@ -633,7 +650,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "17.5% (2012 est.) / 18% (2011 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 183 + "country comparison to the world": 184 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "29.6% (2014 est.)" @@ -669,17 +686,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "8 July - 7 July" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "9.9% (2017 est.) / 7.3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 203 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$6.551 billion (2017 est.) / -$6.574 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 186 }, "Exports": { "text": "$3.23 billion (2017 est.) / $2.814 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 126 + "country comparison to the world": 131 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Sudan 23.3%, Switzerland 10.2%, China 8.1%, Somalia 6.6%, Netherlands 6.2%, US 4.7%, Germany 4.7%, Saudi Arabia 4.6%, UK 4.6% (2017)" @@ -689,7 +702,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$15.59 billion (2017 est.) / $14.69 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 88 + "country comparison to the world": 92 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and aircraft (14%, by value), metal and metal products, (14%), electrical materials, (13%), petroleum products (12%), motor vehicles, (10%), chemicals and fertilizers (4%)" @@ -746,7 +759,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "3% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -961,7 +974,7 @@ "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { "text": "Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF): Ground Forces, Ethiopian Air Force (Ye Ityopya Ayer Hayl, ETAF) (2020)", - "note": "note: in January 2020 the Ethiopian Government announced it had re-established a navy, which was disbanded in 1996; in March 2019 Ethiopia signed a defense cooperation agreement with France which stipulated that France would support the establishment of an Ethiopian navy ++ in 2018, Ethiopia established a Republican Guard for protecting senior officials; the Republican Guard is a military unit accountable to the Prime Minister" + "note": "note(s): in January 2020 the Ethiopian Government announced it had re-established a navy, which was disbanded in 1996; in March 2019 Ethiopia signed a defense cooperation agreement with France which stipulated that France would support the establishment of an Ethiopian navy ++ in 2018, Ethiopia established a Republican Guard for protecting senior officials; the Republican Guard is a military unit accountable to the Prime Minister ++ Ethiopian law allows each regional government to have paramilitary units to provide security within their territory ++" }, "Military expenditures": { "text": "0.7% of GDP (2019) / 0.7% of GDP (2018) / 0.7% of GDP (2017) / 0.7% of GDP (2016) / 0.7% of GDP (2015)", @@ -974,7 +987,7 @@ "text": "the ENDF's inventory is comprised mostly of Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, Russia and Ukraine are the leading suppliers of largely second-hand weapons and equipment to the ENDF, followed by China and Hungary; Ethiopia has a modest industrial defense base centered on small arms and licensed production of light-armored vehicles (2019 est.)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "15-20,000 Somalia (includes about 4,400 under AMISOM); 800 Sudan (UNAMID); 3,600 Sudan (UNISFA); 2,100 South Sudan (UNMISS) (2020)" + "text": "10-15,000 Somalia (4,500 for AMISOM); 800 Sudan (UNAMID); 3,600 Sudan (UNISFA); 2,100 South Sudan (UNMISS) (2020)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no compulsory military service, but the military can conduct callups when necessary and compliance is compulsory (2013)" @@ -984,14 +997,18 @@ } }, "Terrorism": { + "Terrorist group(s)": { + "text": "al-Shabaab (2020)", + "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T" + } }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement; the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo region; Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; \"Somaliland\" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera and trade ties to landlocked Ethiopia; civil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia; Ethiopia's construction of a large dam (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) on the Blue Nile since 2011 has become a focal point of relations with Egypt and Sudan; as of 2020, four years of three-way talks between the three capitals over operating the dam and filling its reservoir had made little progress; Ethiopia plans to start filling the dam in July 2020" + "text": "Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement; the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo region; Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; \"Somaliland\" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera and trade ties to landlocked Ethiopia; civil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia; Ethiopia's construction of a large dam (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) on the Blue Nile since 2011 has become a focal point of relations with Egypt and Sudan; as of 2020, four years of three-way talks between the three capitals over operating the dam and filling its reservoir had made little progress; Ethiopia began filling the dam in July 2020" }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "362,787 (South Sudan), 201,465 (Somalia), 178,559 (Eritrea), 43,729 (Sudan) (2020)" + "text": "362,787 (South Sudan), 202,217 (Somalia), 178,559 (Eritrea), 43,729 (Sudan) (2020)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1,735,481 (includes conflict- and climate-induced IDPs, excluding unverified estimates from the Amhara region; border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000; ethnic clashes; and ongoing fighting between the Ethiopian military and separatist rebel groups in the Somali and Oromia regions; natural disasters; intercommunal violence; most IDPs live in Sumale state) (2019)" diff --git a/africa/ga.json b/africa/ga.json index 004ce001..84a9c9bc 100644 --- a/africa/ga.json +++ b/africa/ga.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "1,180 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 166 + "country comparison to the world": 165 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Delaware" @@ -182,19 +182,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.87% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 52 + "country comparison to the world": 51 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "27 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 44 + "country comparison to the world": 43 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 136 + "country comparison to the world": 135 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 155 + "country comparison to the world": 154 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "settlements are found scattered along the Gambia River; the largest communities, including the capital of Banjul, and the country's largest city, Serekunda, are found at the mouth of the Gambia River along the Atlantic coast as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "3.21 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 46 + "country comparison to the world": 45 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "16.8% (2018)", @@ -340,8 +340,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 63 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.1% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 167 + "text": "2.4% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 155 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -541,30 +541,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The government has invested in the agriculture sector because three-quarters of the population depends on the sector for its livelihood and agriculture provides for about one-third of GDP, making The Gambia largely reliant on sufficient rainfall. The agricultural sector has untapped potential - less than half of arable land is cultivated and agricultural productivity is low. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of cashews, groundnuts, fish, and hides. The Gambia's reexport trade accounts for almost 80% of goods exports and China has been its largest trade partner for both exports and imports for several years. ++ The Gambia has sparse natural resource deposits. It relies heavily on remittances from workers overseas and tourist receipts. Remittance inflows to The Gambia amount to about one-fifth of the country's GDP. The Gambia's location on the ocean and proximity to Europe has made it one of the most frequented tourist destinations in West Africa, boosted by private sector investments in eco-tourism and facilities. Tourism normally brings in about 20% of GDP, but it suffered in 2014 from tourists' fears of Ebola virus in neighboring West African countries. Unemployment and underemployment remain high. ++ Economic progress depends on sustained bilateral and multilateral aid, on responsible government economic management, and on continued technical assistance from multilateral and bilateral donors. International donors and lenders were concerned about the quality of fiscal management under the administration of former President Yahya JAMMEH, who reportedly stole hundreds of millions of dollars of the country's funds during his 22 years in power, but anticipate significant improvements under the new administration of President Adama BARROW, who assumed power in early 2017. As of April 2017, the IMF, the World Bank, the European Union, and the African Development Bank were all negotiating with the new government of The Gambia to provide financial support in the coming months to ease the country's financial crisis. ++ The country faces a limited availability of foreign exchange, weak agricultural output, a border closure with Senegal, a slowdown in tourism, high inflation, a large fiscal deficit, and a high domestic debt burden that has crowded out private sector investment and driven interest rates to new highs. The government has committed to taking steps to reduce the deficit, including through expenditure caps, debt consolidation, and reform of state-owned enterprises." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$5.556 billion (2017 est.) / $5.314 billion (2016 est.) / $5.292 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 176 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.482 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4.6% (2017 est.) / 0.4% (2016 est.) / 5.9% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 58 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "7.1% (2019 est.) / 6.5% (2018 est.) / 8% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 195 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$5.376 billion (2019 est.) / $5.073 billion (2018 est.) / $4.761 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1.746 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,600 (2017 est.) / $2,600 (2016 est.) / $2,700 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "text": "$815 (2019 est.) / $792 (2018 est.) / $765 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "6.8% of GDP (2017 est.) / 7.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 3.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 172 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "20.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "14.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "65.4% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "90.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -585,16 +599,8 @@ "text": "-40% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "20.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "14.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "65.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "50.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, millet, sorghum, peanuts, corn, sesame, cassava (manioc, tapioca), palm kernels; cattle, sheep, goats" @@ -658,17 +664,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "8% (2017 est.) / 7.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 196 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$194 million (2017 est.) / -$85 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 98 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$72.9 million (2017 est.) / $106.6 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "text": "$643 million (2019 est.) / $448 million (2018 est.) / $435 million (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 170 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Guinea-Bissau 51.9%, Vietnam 14.6%, Senegal 8.8%, Mali 7.2% (2017)" @@ -677,8 +679,8 @@ "text": "peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$376.9 million (2017 est.) / $310.5 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "text": "$1.246 billion (2019 est.) / $851 million (2018 est.) / $754 million (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 180 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, manufactures, fuel, machinery and transport equipment" @@ -695,7 +697,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 174 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "dalasis (GMD) per US dollar - / 49.74 (2017 est.) / 43.8846 (2016 est.) / 43.8846 (2015 est.) / 41.89 (2014 est.) / 41.733 (2013 est.)" + "text": "dalasis (GMD) per US dollar - / 51.75 (2020 est.) / 51.4 (2019 est.) / 49.515 (2018 est.) / 41.89 (2014 est.) / 41.733 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -735,7 +737,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "97% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 34 + "country comparison to the world": 33 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -879,7 +881,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "1 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 221 + "country comparison to the world": 220 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/africa/gb.json b/africa/gb.json index ef788f62..9cf7c24e 100644 --- a/africa/gb.json +++ b/africa/gb.json @@ -176,23 +176,23 @@ "female": { "text": "20.6 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 187 + "country comparison to the world": 186 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.5% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 25 + "country comparison to the world": 24 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "26.3 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 45 + "country comparison to the world": 44 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 172 + "country comparison to the world": 171 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "3.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 30 + "country comparison to the world": 29 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the relatively small population is spread in pockets throughout the country; the largest urban center is the capital of Libreville, located along the Atlantic coast in the northwest as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "female": { "text": "27 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 54 + "country comparison to the world": 53 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "3.41 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 43 + "country comparison to the world": 42 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "31.1% (2012)" @@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.7% of GDP (2014)", - "country comparison to the world": 151 + "country comparison to the world": 143 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -529,30 +529,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Gabon enjoys a per capita income four times that of most Sub-Saharan African nations, but because of high income inequality, a large proportion of the population remains poor. Gabon relied on timber and manganese exports until oil was discovered offshore in the early 1970s. From 2010 to 2016, oil accounted for approximately 80% of Gabon's exports, 45% of its GDP, and 60% of its state budget revenues. ++ Gabon faces fluctuating international prices for its oil, timber, and manganese exports. A rebound of oil prices from 2001 to 2013 helped growth, but declining production, as some fields passed their peak production, has hampered Gabon from fully realizing potential gains. GDP grew nearly 6% per year over the 2010-14 period, but slowed significantly from 2014 to just 1% in 2017 as oil prices declined. Low oil prices also weakened government revenue and negatively affected the trade and current account balances. In the wake of lower revenue, Gabon signed a 3-year agreement with the IMF in June 2017. ++ Despite an abundance of natural wealth, poor fiscal management and over-reliance on oil has stifled the economy. Power cuts and water shortages are frequent. Gabon is reliant on imports and the government heavily subsidizes commodities, including food, but will be hard pressed to tamp down public frustration with unemployment and corruption." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$36.66 billion (2017 est.) / $36.5 billion (2016 est.) / $35.75 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 123 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$14.93 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "0.5% (2017 est.) / 2.1% (2016 est.) / 3.9% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 185 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.4% (2019 est.) / 4.7% (2018 est.) / 2.6% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 125 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "CCC (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Caa1 (2018)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "N/A (2016)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$33.253 billion (2019 est.) / $32.161 billion (2018 est.) / $31.895 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$16.064 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$18,100 (2017 est.) / $18,400 (2016 est.) / $18,500 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 98 + "text": "$9,119 (2019 est.) / $9,041 (2018 est.) / $9,203 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 122 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "25.6% of GDP (2017 est.) / 24.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / 29.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 55 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "44.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "50.4% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "37.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -573,16 +598,8 @@ "text": "-26.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "44.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "50.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "45.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cocoa, coffee, sugar, palm oil, rubber; cattle; okoume (a tropical softwood); fish" @@ -611,7 +628,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "28% (2015 est.) / 20.4% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "34.3% (2015 est.)" @@ -647,17 +664,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.7% (2017 est.) / 2.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 125 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$725 million (2017 est.) / -$1.389 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 135 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$5.564 billion (2017 est.) / $4.364 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 105 + "text": "$10.8 billion (2019 est.) / $9.533 billion (2018 est.) / $9.145 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 95 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 36.4%, US 10%, Ireland 8.5%, Netherlands 6.3%, South Korea 5.1%, Australia 5%, Italy 4.6% (2017)" @@ -666,8 +679,8 @@ "text": "crude oil, timber, manganese, uranium" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.829 billion (2017 est.) / $2.652 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 150 + "text": "$5.02 billion (2019 est.) / $4.722 billion (2018 est.) / $4.749 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 137 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, construction materials" @@ -721,7 +734,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "51% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 148 + "country comparison to the world": 147 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/gh.json b/africa/gh.json index a52dd963..66d82f3d 100644 --- a/africa/gh.json +++ b/africa/gh.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "11,000 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 83 + "country comparison to the world": 82 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Oregon" @@ -180,11 +180,11 @@ "female": { "text": "21.9 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 185 + "country comparison to the world": 184 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.15% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 38 + "country comparison to the world": 37 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "29.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -192,11 +192,11 @@ }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 138 + "country comparison to the world": 137 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 156 + "country comparison to the world": 155 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population is concentrated in the southern half of the country, with the highest concentrations being on or near the Atlantic coast as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ "female": { "text": "28.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 49 + "country comparison to the world": 48 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -340,8 +340,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 50 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 119 + "text": "4% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 96 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -462,10 +462,10 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers; nominated by the president, approved by Parliament" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 December 2016 (next to be held in December 2020)" + "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 December 2020 (next to be held in December 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO (NPP) 53.7%, John Dramani MAHAMA (NDC) 44.5%, other 1.8%" + "text": "Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO (NPP) 51.3%, John Dramani MAHAMA (NDC) 47.4%, other 1.3%" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -473,10 +473,10 @@ "text": "unicameral Parliament (275 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 7 December 2016 (next to be held on 7 December 2020)" + "text": "last held on 7 December 2020 (next to be held in December 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NPP 54%, NDC 44%, other 2%; seats by party - NPP 171, NDC 104; composition - men 240, women 35, percent of women 12.7%" + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party (preliminary) - NPC 137, NDC 136, other 1, independent 1; composition - NA" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -491,7 +491,8 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "note": "note: Ghana has more than 20 registered parties; included are 5 of the more popular parties as of May 2017" + "text": "All Peoples Congress or APC [Hassan AYARIGA] ++ Convention People's Party or CPP [Edmund N. DELLE] ++ Ghana Freedom Party or GFP [Akua DONKOR] ++ Ghana Union Movement or GUM [Christian Kwabena ANDREWS] ++ Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Henry Herbert LARTEY] ++ Liberal Party of Ghana or LPG [Kofi AKPALOO] ++ National Democratic Congress or NDC [John Dramani MAHAMA] ++ National Democratic Party or NDP [Nana Konadu Agyeman RAWLINGS] ++ New Patriotic Party or NPP [Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO] ++ People's Action Party or PAP [Imoru AYARNA] ++ People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA] ++ Progressive People's Party or PPP [Paa Kwesi NDUOM] ++ United Front Party or UFP [Dr. Nana A. BOATENG] ++ United Progressive Party or UPP [Akwasi Addai ODIKE]", + "note": "note: Ghana has more than 20 registered parties; included are those which participated in the 2020 general election" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -548,30 +549,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Ghana has a market-based economy with relatively few policy barriers to trade and investment in comparison with other countries in the region, and Ghana is endowed with natural resources. Ghana's economy was strengthened by a quarter century of relatively sound management, a competitive business environment, and sustained reductions in poverty levels, but in recent years has suffered the consequences of loose fiscal policy, high budget and current account deficits, and a depreciating currency. ++ Agriculture accounts for about 20% of GDP and employs more than half of the workforce, mainly small landholders. Gold, oil, and cocoa exports, and individual remittances, are major sources of foreign exchange. Expansion of Ghana's nascent oil industry has boosted economic growth, but the fall in oil prices since 2015 reduced by half Ghana's oil revenue. Production at Jubilee, Ghana's first commercial offshore oilfield, began in mid-December 2010. Production from two more fields, TEN and Sankofa, started in 2016 and 2017 respectively. The country's first gas processing plant at Atuabo is also producing natural gas from the Jubilee field, providing power to several of Ghana's thermal power plants. ++ As of 2018, key economic concerns facing the government include the lack of affordable electricity, lack of a solid domestic revenue base, and the high debt burden. The AKUFO-ADDO administration has made some progress by committing to fiscal consolidation, but much work is still to be done. Ghana signed a $920 million extended credit facility with the IMF in April 2015 to help it address its growing economic crisis. The IMF fiscal targets require Ghana to reduce the deficit by cutting subsidies, decreasing the bloated public sector wage bill, strengthening revenue administration, boosting tax revenues, and improving the health of Ghana's banking sector. Priorities for the new administration include rescheduling some of Ghana's $31 billion debt, stimulating economic growth, reducing inflation, and stabilizing the currency. Prospects for new oil and gas production and follow through on tighter fiscal management are likely to help Ghana's economy in 2018." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "8.4% (2017 est.) / 3.7% (2016 est.) / 3.8% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 6 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "8.4% (2019 est.) / 9.8% (2018 est.) / 12.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 202 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B (2013)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B3 (2015)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B- (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$134 billion (2017 est.) / $123.6 billion (2016 est.) / $119.2 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 80 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$47.02 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "8.4% (2017 est.) / 3.7% (2016 est.) / 3.8% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 7 + "text": "$65.363 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$4,700 (2017 est.) / $4,500 (2016 est.) / $4,400 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 172 + "country comparison to the world": 159 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 7.8% of GDP (2016 est.) / 9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 167 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "18.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "24.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "57.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "80.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -592,16 +618,8 @@ "text": "-46.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "18.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "24.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "57.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "60.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cocoa, rice, cassava (manioc, tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber" @@ -630,7 +648,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "11.9% (2015 est.) / 5.2% (2013 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 162 + "country comparison to the world": 163 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "24.2% (2013 est.)" @@ -666,17 +684,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "12.4% (2017 est.) / 17.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 206 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$2.131 billion (2017 est.) / -$2.86 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 169 }, "Exports": { "text": "$13.84 billion (2017 est.) / $11.14 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 77 + "country comparison to the world": 86 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "India 23.8%, UAE 13.4%, China 10.8%, Switzerland 10.1%, Vietnam 5.2%, Burkina Faso 4% (2017)" @@ -686,7 +700,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$12.65 billion (2017 est.) / $12.91 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 92 + "country comparison to the world": 98 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "capital equipment, refined petroleum, foodstuffs" @@ -703,7 +717,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 90 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "cedis (GHC) per US dollar - / 4.385 (2017 est.) / 3.909 (2016 est.) / 3.909 (2015 est.) / 3.712 (2014 est.) / 2.895 (2013 est.)" + "text": "cedis (GHC) per US dollar - / 5.86 (2020 est.) / 5.68 (2019 est.) / 4.9 (2018 est.) / 3.712 (2014 est.) / 2.895 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -743,7 +757,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "58% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 135 + "country comparison to the world": 134 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/gv.json b/africa/gv.json index e7d5cfe7..419af08d 100644 --- a/africa/gv.json +++ b/africa/gv.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "140 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 80 + "country comparison to the world": 79 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Oregon; slightly larger than twice the size of Pennsylvania" @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ "female": { "text": "19.4 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.76% (2020 est.)", @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 83 + "country comparison to the world": 82 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "areas of highest density are in the west and south; interior is sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ "female": { "text": "65 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "4.92 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -333,8 +333,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 36 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.2% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 165 + "text": "2.3% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 157 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -545,30 +545,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Guinea is a poor country of approximately 12.9 million people in 2016 that possesses the world's largest reserves of bauxite and largest untapped high-grade iron ore reserves, as well as gold and diamonds. In addition, Guinea has fertile soil, ample rainfall, and is the source of several West African rivers, including the Senegal, Niger, and Gambia. Guinea's hydro potential is enormous and the country could be a major exporter of electricity. The country also has tremendous agriculture potential. Gold, bauxite, and diamonds are Guinea's main exports. International investors have shown interest in Guinea's unexplored mineral reserves, which have the potential to propel Guinea's future growth. ++ Following the death of long-term President Lansana CONTE in 2008 and the coup that followed, international donors, including the G-8, the IMF, and the World Bank, significantly curtailed their development programs in Guinea. However, the IMF approved a 3-year Extended Credit Facility arrangement in 2012, following the December 2010 presidential elections. In September 2012, Guinea achieved Heavily Indebted Poor Countries completion point status. Future access to international assistance and investment will depend on the government's ability to be transparent, combat corruption, reform its banking system, improve its business environment, and build infrastructure. In April 2013, the government amended its mining code to reduce taxes and royalties. In 2014, Guinea complied with requirements of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative by publishing its mining contracts. Guinea completed its program with the IMF in October 2016 even though some targeted reforms have been delayed. Currently Guinea is negotiating a new IMF program which will be based on Guinea's new five-year economic plan, focusing on the development of higher value-added products, including from the agro-business sector and development of the rural economy. ++ Political instability, a reintroduction of the Ebola virus epidemic, low international commodity prices, and an enduring legacy of corruption, inefficiency, and lack of government transparency are factors that could impact Guinea's future growth. Economic recovery will be a long process while the government adjusts to lower inflows of international donor aid following the surge of Ebola-related emergency support. Ebola stalled promising economic growth in the 2014-15 period and impeded several projects, such as offshore oil exploration and the Simandou iron ore project. The economy, however, grew by 6.6% in 2016 and 6.7% in 2017, mainly due to growth from bauxite mining and thermal energy generation as well as the resiliency of the agricultural sector. The 240-megawatt Kaleta Dam, inaugurated in September 2015, has expanded access to electricity for residents of Conakry. An combined with fears of Ebola virus, continue to undermine Guinea's economic viability. ++ Guinea's iron ore industry took a hit in 2016 when investors in the Simandou iron ore project announced plans to divest from the project. In 2017, agriculture output and public investment boosted economic growth, while the mining sector continued to play a prominent role in economic performance. ++ Successive governments have failed to address the country's crumbling infrastructure. Guinea suffers from chronic electricity shortages; poor roads, rail lines and bridges; and a lack of access to clean water - all of which continue to plague economic development. The present government, led by President Alpha CONDE, is working to create an environment to attract foreign investment and hopes to have greater participation from western countries and firms in Guinea's economic development." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$27.97 billion (2017 est.) / $25.84 billion (2016 est.) / $23.39 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 138 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "8.2% (2017 est.) / 10.5% (2016 est.) / 3.8% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 7 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "9.4% (2019 est.) / 9.8% (2018 est.) / 8.9% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 209 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$28.922 billion (2019 est.) / $27.394 billion (2018 est.) / $25.8 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$10.25 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "8.2% (2017 est.) / 10.5% (2016 est.) / 3.8% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 8 + "text": "$13.55 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,200 (2017 est.) / $2,000 (2016 est.) / $1,900 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "text": "$937 (2019 est.) / $913 (2018 est.) / $884 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "5.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / -6.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / -5.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 176 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "19.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "32.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "48.1% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "80.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -589,16 +603,8 @@ "text": "-36.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "19.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "32.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "48.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "49.4 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, coffee, pineapples, mangoes, palm kernels, cocoa, cassava (manioc, tapioca), bananas, potatoes, sweet potatoes; cattle, sheep, goats; timber" @@ -624,7 +630,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "2.7% (2017 est.) / 2.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 30 + "country comparison to the world": 31 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "47% (2006 est.)" @@ -660,17 +666,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "8.9% (2017 est.) / 8.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 200 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$705 million (2017 est.) / -$2.705 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 132 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$3.514 billion (2017 est.) / $1.954 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 123 + "text": "$5.041 billion (2019 est.) / $5.073 billion (2018 est.) / $4.733 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 116 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 35.8%, Ghana 20.1%, UAE 11.6%, India 4.3% (2017)" @@ -679,8 +681,8 @@ "text": "bauxite, gold, diamonds, coffee, fish, agricultural products" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$4.799 billion (2017 est.) / $4.43 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 133 + "text": "$7.924 billion (2019 est.) / $8.76 billion (2018 est.) / $7.317 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 117 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment, textiles, grain and other foodstuffs" @@ -697,7 +699,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 159 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Guinean francs (GNF) per US dollar - / 9,230 (2017 est.) / 9,085 (2016 est.) / 9,085 (2015 est.) / 7,485.5 (2014 est.) / 7,014.1 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Guinean francs (GNF) per US dollar - / 9,953 (2020 est.) / 9,542.5 (2019 est.) / 9,092 (2018 est.) / 7,485.5 (2014 est.) / 7,014.1 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -737,7 +739,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "33% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 182 + "country comparison to the world": 181 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/iv.json b/africa/iv.json index 87a41bb4..21b434d2 100644 --- a/africa/iv.json +++ b/africa/iv.json @@ -177,11 +177,11 @@ "female": { "text": "20.3 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 191 + "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.26% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 34 + "country comparison to the world": 33 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "29.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 57 + "country comparison to the world": 56 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the population is primarily located in the forested south, with the highest concentration of people residing in and around the cities on the Atlantic coast; most of the northern savanna remains sparsely populated with higher concentrations located along transportation corridors as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ "female": { "text": "63.6 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "3.67 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -334,8 +334,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 48 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 58 + "text": "3.3% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 122 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -547,30 +547,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "For the last 5 years Cote d'Ivoire's growth rate has been among the highest in the world. Cote d'Ivoire is heavily dependent on agriculture and related activities, which engage roughly two-thirds of the population. Cote d'Ivoire is the world's largest producer and exporter of cocoa beans and a significant producer and exporter of coffee and palm oil. Consequently, the economy is highly sensitive to fluctuations in international prices for these products and to climatic conditions. Cocoa, oil, and coffee are the country's top export revenue earners, but the country has targeted agricultural processing of cocoa, cashews, mangoes, and other commodities as a high priority. Mining gold and exporting electricity are growing industries outside agriculture. ++ Following the end of more than a decade of civil conflict in 2011, Cote d'Ivoire has experienced a boom in foreign investment and economic growth. In June 2012, the IMF and the World Bank announced $4.4 billion in debt relief for Cote d'Ivoire under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries Initiative." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$97.16 billion (2017 est.) / $90.12 billion (2016 est.) / $83.19 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 86 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "7.8% (2017 est.) / 8.3% (2016 est.) / 8.8% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 9 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-1.1% (2019 est.) / 0.3% (2018 est.) / 0.6% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 5 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B+ (2015)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba3 (2015)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$88.31 billion (2018 est.) / $97.16 billion (2017 est.) / $82.2 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$40.47 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "7.8% (2017 est.) / 8.3% (2016 est.) / 8.8% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 10 + "text": "$42.498 billion (2018 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,900 (2017 est.) / $3,700 (2016 est.) / $3,500 (2015 est.)", + "text": "$1,692 (2018 est.) / $3,900 (2017 est.) / $1,616 (2017 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 179 + "country comparison to the world": 196 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "15.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 19.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 19.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 131 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "20.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "26.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "53.3% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "61.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -591,16 +613,8 @@ "text": "-30.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "20.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "26.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "53.3% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "60.7 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coffee, cocoa beans, bananas, palm kernels, corn, rice, cassava (manioc, tapioca), sweet potatoes, sugar, cotton, rubber; timber" @@ -623,7 +637,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "9.4% (2013 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 141 + "country comparison to the world": 142 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "46.3% (2015 est.)" @@ -659,17 +673,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.8% (2017 est.) / 0.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 40 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.86 billion (2017 est.) / -$414 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 164 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$11.74 billion (2017 est.) / $11.77 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 82 + "text": "$16.326 billion (2018 est.) / $16.274 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 81 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Netherlands 11.8%, US 7.9%, France 6.4%, Belgium 6.4%, Germany 5.8%, Burkina Faso 4.5%, India 4.4%, Mali 4.2% (2017)" @@ -678,8 +688,8 @@ "text": "cocoa, coffee, timber, petroleum, cotton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil, fish" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$9.447 billion (2017 est.) / $7.81 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 104 + "text": "$14.248 billion (2018 est.) / $13.486 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 96 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "fuel, capital equipment, foodstuffs" @@ -736,7 +746,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "60% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 130 + "country comparison to the world": 129 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/ke.json b/africa/ke.json index b3ce686a..0e71baf4 100644 --- a/africa/ke.json +++ b/africa/ke.json @@ -176,23 +176,23 @@ "female": { "text": "20.1 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.2% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 36 + "country comparison to the world": 35 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "27.2 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 43 + "country comparison to the world": 42 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 107 + "country comparison to the world": 106 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population heavily concentrated in the west along the shore of Lake Victoria; other areas of high density include the capital of Nairobi, and in the southeast along the Indian Ocean coast as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "female": { "text": "26.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 57 + "country comparison to the world": 56 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "3.43 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 42 + "country comparison to the world": 41 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "60.5% (2017)" @@ -333,8 +333,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 58 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.2% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 55 + "text": "5.3% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 46 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -549,30 +549,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Kenya is the economic, financial, and transport hub of East Africa. Kenya's real GDP growth has averaged over 5% for the last decade. Since 2014, Kenya has been ranked as a lower middle income country because its per capita GDP crossed a World Bank threshold. While Kenya has a growing entrepreneurial middle class and steady growth, its economic development has been impaired by weak governance and corruption. Although reliable numbers are hard to find, unemployment and under-employment are extremely high, and could be near 40% of the population. In 2013, the country adopted a devolved system of government with the creation of 47 counties, and is in the process of devolving state revenues and responsibilities to the counties. ++ Agriculture remains the backbone of the Kenyan economy, contributing one-third of GDP. About 75% of Kenya's population of roughly 48.5 million work at least part-time in the agricultural sector, including livestock and pastoral activities. Over 75% of agricultural output is from small-scale, rain-fed farming or livestock production. Tourism also holds a significant place in Kenya's economy. In spite of political turmoil throughout the second half of 2017, tourism was up 20%, showcasing the strength of this sector. Kenya has long been a target of terrorist activity and has struggled with instability along its northeastern borders. Some high visibility terrorist attacks during 2013-2015 (e.g., at Nairobi's Westgate Mall and Garissa University) affected the tourism industry severely, but the sector rebounded strongly in 2016-2017 and appears poised to continue growing. ++ Inadequate infrastructure continues to hamper Kenya's efforts to improve its annual growth so that it can meaningfully address poverty and unemployment. The KENYATTA administration has been successful in courting external investment for infrastructure development. International financial institutions and donors remain important to Kenya's growth and development, but Kenya has also successfully raised capital in the global bond market issuing its first sovereign bond offering in mid-2014, with a second occurring in February 2018. The first phase of a Chinese-financed and constructed standard gauge railway connecting Mombasa and Nairobi opened in May 2017. ++ In 2016 the government was forced to take over three small and undercapitalized banks when underlying weaknesses were exposed. The government also enacted legislation that limits interest rates banks can charge on loans and set a rate that banks must pay their depositors. This measure led to a sharp shrinkage of credit in the economy. A prolonged election cycle in 2017 hurt the economy, drained government resources, and slowed GDP growth. Drought-like conditions in parts of the country pushed 2017 inflation above 8%, but the rate had fallen to 4.5% in February 2018. ++ The economy, however, is well placed to resume its decade-long 5%-6% growth rate. While fiscal deficits continue to pose risks in the medium term, other economic indicators, including foreign exchange reserves, interest rates, current account deficits, remittances and FDI are positive. The credit and drought-related impediments were temporary. Now In his second term, President KENYATTA has pledged to make economic growth and development a centerpiece of his second administration, focusing on his \"Big Four\" initiatives of universal healthcare, food security, affordable housing, and expansion of manufacturing." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$163.7 billion (2017 est.) / $156 billion (2016 est.) / $147.4 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 74 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "5.39% (2019 est.) / 6.32% (2018 est.) / 4.79% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 38 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "5.1% (2019 est.) / 4.6% (2018 est.) / 8% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 182 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B+ (2007)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B2 (2018)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B+ (2010)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$172.923 billion (2019 est.) / $164.087 billion (2018 est.) / $154.332 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$79.22 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.39% (2019 est.) / 6.32% (2018 est.) / 4.79% (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 39 + "text": "$95.52 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,500 (2017 est.) / $3,400 (2016 est.) / $3,300 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 187 + "text": "$1,354 (2019 est.) / $1,314 (2018 est.) / $1,265 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "10.4% of GDP (2017 est.) / 11% of GDP (2016 est.) / 11.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 162 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "34.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "17.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "47.5% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "79.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -593,16 +618,8 @@ "text": "-25.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "34.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "17.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "47.5% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "82.7 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "tea, coffee, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables; dairy products, beef, fish, pork, poultry, eggs" @@ -631,7 +648,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "40% (2013 est.) / 40% (2001 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 215 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "36.1% (2016 est.)" @@ -667,17 +684,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "8% (2017 est.) / 6.3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 197 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$57.594 billion (2019 est.) / -$56.194 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$5.792 billion (2017 est.) / $5.695 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 104 + "text": "$10.078 billion (2019 est.) / $10.1 billion (2018 est.) / $9.723 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 99 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Uganda 10.8%, Pakistan 10.6%, US 8.1%, Netherlands 7.3%, UK 6.4%, Tanzania 4.8%, UAE 4.4% (2017)" @@ -686,8 +699,8 @@ "text": "tea, horticultural products, coffee, petroleum products, fish, cement, apparel" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$15.99 billion (2017 est.) / $13.41 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 85 + "text": "$18.729 billion (2019 est.) / $19.116 billion (2018 est.) / $18.653 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 87 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transportation equipment, oil, petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel, resins and plastics" @@ -704,7 +717,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 85 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Kenyan shillings (KES) per US dollar - / 102.1 (2017 est.) / 101.5 (2016 est.) / 101.504 (2015 est.) / 98.179 (2014 est.) / 87.921 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Kenyan shillings (KES) per US dollar - / 111.45 (2020 est.) / 101.4 (2019 est.) / 102.4 (2018 est.) / 98.179 (2014 est.) / 87.921 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -744,7 +757,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "33% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 183 + "country comparison to the world": 182 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -1015,7 +1028,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "266,074 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 122,256 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 44,836 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 28,836 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 16,010 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers), 10,007 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2020)" + "text": "266,544 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 123,339 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 44,836 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 28,836 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 16,010 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers), 10,007 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2020)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "162,000 (election-related violence, intercommunal violence, resource conflicts, al-Shabaab attacks in 2017 and 2018) (2019)" diff --git a/africa/li.json b/africa/li.json index 246b30a3..8f214863 100644 --- a/africa/li.json +++ b/africa/li.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "15,049 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 105 + "country comparison to the world": 104 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than Virginia" @@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ "female": { "text": "18.2 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "country comparison to the world": 215 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.71% (2020 est.)", @@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ }, "Death rate": { "text": "7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 127 + "country comparison to the world": 126 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-2.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 174 + "country comparison to the world": 173 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "more than half of the population lives in urban areas, with approximately one-third living within an 80-km radius of Monrovia as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ "female": { "text": "43.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 27 + "country comparison to the world": 26 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -329,8 +329,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 43 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 114 + "text": "2.6% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 147 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -523,30 +523,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Liberia is a low-income country that relies heavily on foreign assistance and remittances from the diaspora. It is richly endowed with water, mineral resources, forests, and a climate favorable to agriculture. Its principal exports are iron ore, rubber, diamonds, and gold. Palm oil and cocoa are emerging as new export products. The government has attempted to revive raw timber extraction and is encouraging oil exploration. ++ In the 1990s and early 2000s, civil war and government mismanagement destroyed much of Liberia's economy, especially infrastructure in and around the capital. Much of the conflict was fueled by control over Liberia's natural resources. With the conclusion of fighting and the installation of a democratically elected government in 2006, businesses that had fled the country began to return. The country achieved high growth during the period 2010-13 due to favorable world prices for its commodities. However, during the 2014-2015 Ebola crisis, the economy declined and many foreign-owned businesses departed with their capital and expertise. The epidemic forced the government to divert scarce resources to combat the spread of the virus, reducing funds available for needed public investment. The cost of addressing the Ebola epidemic coincided with decreased economic activity reducing government revenue, although higher donor support significantly offset this loss. During the same period, global commodities prices for key exports fell and have yet to recover to pre-Ebola levels. ++ In 2017, gold was a key driver of growth, as a new mining project began its first full year of production; iron ore exports are also increased as Arcelor Mittal opened new mines at Mount Gangra. The completion of the rehabilitation of the Mount Coffee Hydroelectric Dam increased electricity production to support ongoing and future economic activity, although electricity tariffs remain high relative to other countries in the region and transmission infrastructure is limited. Presidential and legislative elections in October 2017 generated election-related spending pressures. ++ Revitalizing the economy in the future will depend on economic diversification, increasing investment and trade, higher global commodity prices, sustained foreign aid and remittances, development of infrastructure and institutions, combating corruption, and maintaining political stability and security." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$6.112 billion (2017 est.) / $5.965 billion (2016 est.) / $6.064 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 173 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$3.285 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.5% (2017 est.) / -1.6% (2016 est.) / 0% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 111 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "12.4% (2017 est.) / 8.8% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 212 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$5.074 billion (2019 est.) / $5.192 billion (2018 est.) / $5.129 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$3.071 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,300 (2017 est.) / $1,300 (2016 est.) / $1,300 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", + "text": "$516 (2019 est.) / $541 (2018 est.) / $548 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", "country comparison to the world": 221 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "NA% (2017) / -21.9% of GDP (2016 est.) / 1.9% of GDP (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 184 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "34% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "13.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "52.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "128.8% (2016 est.)" @@ -567,16 +581,8 @@ "text": "-89.2% (2016 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "34% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "13.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "52.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "88.9 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rubber, coffee, cocoa, rice, cassava (manioc, tapioca), palm oil, sugarcane, bananas; sheep, goats; timber" @@ -605,7 +611,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "2.8% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 33 + "country comparison to the world": 34 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "54.1% (2014 est.)" @@ -641,17 +647,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "12.4% (2017 est.) / 8.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 207 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$627 million (2017 est.) / -$464 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 129 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$260.6 million (2017 est.) / $169.8 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 185 + "text": "$330 million (2019 est.) / $362 million (2018 est.) / $359 million (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 184 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 36.2%, Switzerland 14.2%, UAE 8.8%, US 6.8%, Indonesia 4.7% (2017)" @@ -660,8 +662,8 @@ "text": "rubber, timber, iron, diamonds, cocoa, coffee" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.166 billion (2017 est.) / $1.296 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 179 + "text": "$1.82 billion (2019 est.) / $1.956 billion (2018 est.) / $2.118 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 174 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "fuels, chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods; foodstuffs" @@ -719,7 +721,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "57% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 138 + "country comparison to the world": 137 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/lt.json b/africa/lt.json index 392a8411..050bfb45 100644 --- a/africa/lt.json +++ b/africa/lt.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 142 + "country comparison to the world": 141 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" @@ -172,11 +172,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.16% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 182 + "country comparison to the world": 181 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "23.2 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 56 + "country comparison to the world": 55 }, "Death rate": { "text": "15.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-6.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "relatively higher population density in the western half of the nation, with the capital of Maseru, and the smaller cities of Mafeteng, Teyateyaneng, and Leribe attracting the most people as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ "female": { "text": "38.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 38 + "country comparison to the world": 37 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -253,11 +253,11 @@ "female": { "text": "53 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 227 + "country comparison to the world": 226 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.5 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 74 + "country comparison to the world": 73 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "64.9% (2018)" @@ -313,8 +313,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 61 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.4% of GDP (2018)", - "country comparison to the world": 23 + "text": "7% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 14 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -520,30 +520,49 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Small, mountainous, and completely landlocked by South Africa, Lesotho depends on a narrow economic base of textile manufacturing, agriculture, remittances, and regional customs revenue. About three-fourths of the people live in rural areas and engage in animal herding and subsistence agriculture, although Lesotho produces less than 20% of the nation's demand for food. Agriculture is vulnerable to weather and climate variability. ++ Lesotho relies on South Africa for much of its economic activity; Lesotho imports 85% of the goods it consumes from South Africa, including most agricultural inputs. Households depend heavily on remittances from family members working in South Africa in mines, on farms, and as domestic workers, though mining employment has declined substantially since the 1990s. Lesotho is a member of the Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU), and revenues from SACU accounted for roughly 26% of total GDP in 2016; however, SACU revenues are volatile and expected to decline over the next 5 years. Lesotho also gains royalties from the South African Government for water transferred to South Africa from a dam and reservoir system in Lesotho. However, the government continues to strengthen its tax system to reduce dependency on customs duties and other transfers. ++ The government maintains a large presence in the economy - government consumption accounted for about 26% of GDP in 2017. The government remains Lesotho's largest employer; in 2016, the government wage bill rose to 23% of GDP – the largest in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lesotho's largest private employer is the textile and garment industry - approximately 36,000 Basotho, mainly women, work in factories producing garments for export to South Africa and the US. Diamond mining in Lesotho has grown in recent years and accounted for nearly 35% of total exports in 2015. Lesotho managed steady GDP growth at an average of 4.5% from 2010 to 2014, dropping to about 2.5% in 2015-16, but poverty remains widespread around 57% of the total population." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$6.656 billion (2017 est.) / $6.762 billion (2016 est.) / $6.561 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 170 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.749 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "-1.6% (2017 est.) / 3.1% (2016 est.) / 2.5% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 204 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "5.3% (2019 est.) / 3.8% (2018 est.) / 5.1% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 185 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$5.623 billion (2019 est.) / $5.539 billion (2018 est.) / $5.564 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2.462 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,300 (2017 est.) / $3,400 (2016 est.) / $3,300 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 190 + "text": "$1,384 (2019 est.) / $1,375 (2018 est.) / $1,392 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "20.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 19.7% of GDP (2016 est.) / 24.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 96 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "5.8% (2016 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "39.2% (2016 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "54.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "69.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -564,16 +583,8 @@ "text": "-54.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "5.8% (2016 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "39.2% (2016 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "54.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "88.2 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley; livestock" @@ -600,7 +611,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "28.1% (2014 est.) / 25% (2008 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "57% (2016 est.)" @@ -636,17 +647,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5.3% (2017 est.) / 6.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 173 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$102 million (2017 est.) / -$201 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 87 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.028 billion (2017 est.) / $894 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 159 + "text": "$1.106 billion (2019 est.) / $1.271 billion (2018 est.) / $1.145 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 157 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "South Africa 57%, US 33.5% (2017)" @@ -655,8 +662,8 @@ "text": "manufactures (clothing, footwear), wool and mohair, food and live animals, electricity, water, diamonds" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.826 billion (2017 est.) / $1.613 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 172 + "text": "$2.613 billion (2019 est.) / $2.707 billion (2018 est.) / $2.688 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 160 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food; building materials, vehicles, machinery, medicines, petroleum products" @@ -713,7 +720,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/ly.json b/africa/ly.json index bbedabc4..4c209165 100644 --- a/africa/ly.json +++ b/africa/ly.json @@ -179,19 +179,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.94% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 50 + "country comparison to the world": 49 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "23 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 59 + "country comparison to the world": 58 }, "Death rate": { "text": "3.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 219 + "country comparison to the world": 218 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 132 + "country comparison to the world": 131 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "well over 90% of the population lives along the Mediterranean coast in and between Tripoli to the west and Al Bayda to the east; the interior remains vastly underpopulated due to the Sahara and lack of surface water as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ "female": { "text": "10 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 113 + "country comparison to the world": 112 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "3.17 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 48 + "country comparison to the world": 47 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "27.7% (2014)" @@ -489,30 +489,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Libya's economy, almost entirely dependent on oil and gas exports, has struggled since 2014 given security and political instability, disruptions in oil production, and decline in global oil prices. The Libyan dinar has lost much of its value since 2014 and the resulting gap between official and black market exchange rates has spurred the growth of a shadow economy and contributed to inflation. The country suffers from widespread power outages, caused by shortages of fuel for power generation. Living conditions, including access to clean drinking water, medical services, and safe housing have all declined since 2011. Oil production in 2017 reached a five-year high, driving GDP growth, with daily average production rising to 879,000 barrels per day. However, oil production levels remain below the average pre-Revolution highs of 1.6 million barrels per day. ++ The Central Bank of Libya continued to pay government salaries to a majority of the Libyan workforce and to fund subsidies for fuel and food, resulting in an estimated budget deficit of about 17% of GDP in 2017. Low consumer confidence in the banking sector and the economy as a whole has driven a severe liquidity shortage." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$61.97 billion (2017 est.) / $37.78 billion (2016 est.) / $40.8 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 106 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$30.57 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "64% (2017 est.) / -7.4% (2016 est.) / -13% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 1 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "28.5% (2017 est.) / 25.9% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 223 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$136.402 billion (2019 est.) / $133.028 billion (2018 est.) / $115.544 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$52.259 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$9,600 (2017 est.) / $5,900 (2016 est.) / $6,500 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 141 + "text": "$8,141 (2019 est.) / $8,057 (2018 est.) / $7,102 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 126 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "5% of GDP (2017 est.) / -9% of GDP (2016 est.) / -25.1% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 177 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "52.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "46.4% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "71.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -533,16 +547,8 @@ "text": "-33.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "52.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "46.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "73.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle" @@ -571,7 +577,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "30% (2004 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Population below poverty line": { "note": "note: about one-third of Libyans live at or below the national poverty line" @@ -607,17 +613,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "28.5% (2017 est.) / 25.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 221 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$2.574 billion (2017 est.) / -$4.575 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 36 }, "Exports": { "text": "$18.38 billion (2017 est.) / $11.99 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 71 + "country comparison to the world": 80 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Italy 19%, Spain 12.5%, France 11%, Egypt 8.6%, Germany 8.6%, China 8.3%, US 4.9%, UK 4.6%, Netherlands 4.5% (2017)" @@ -627,7 +629,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$11.36 billion (2017 est.) / $8.667 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 94 + "country comparison to the world": 101 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, semi-finished goods, food, transport equipment, consumer products" @@ -650,13 +652,7 @@ "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "98.5% (2016)" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99.1% (2016)" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "96.4% (2016)" + "text": "100% (2019)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -916,7 +912,10 @@ "text": "the sizes of the forces of both the Government of National Accord and the Libyan National Army are unknown (2020 est.)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "both the forces of the Government of National Accord and the Libyan National Army are largely equipped with weapons of Russian or Soviet origin (2020 est.)" + "text": "both the forces of the Government of National Accord and the Libyan National Army are largely equipped with weapons of Russian or Soviet origin (2020)" + }, + "Military - note": { + "text": "as of the Fall of 2020, there were at least 10,000 foreign mercenaries and proxy forces estimated to be deployed in Libya to bolster both GNA- and LNA-aligned forces (2020)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/ma.json b/africa/ma.json index b6fed1ed..5c4a00c5 100644 --- a/africa/ma.json +++ b/africa/ma.json @@ -173,11 +173,11 @@ "female": { "text": "20.5 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.39% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 27 + "country comparison to the world": 26 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "29.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -185,11 +185,11 @@ }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 155 + "country comparison to the world": 154 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 88 + "country comparison to the world": 87 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of population lives on the eastern half of the island; significant clustering is found in the central highlands and eastern coastline as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ "female": { "text": "34.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 42 + "country comparison to the world": 41 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -330,8 +330,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 12 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2014)", - "country comparison to the world": 147 + "text": "2.8% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 141 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Andry RAJOELINA (since 21 January 2019) (2019)" + "text": "President Andry RAJOELINA (since 21 January 2019)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister Christian NTSAY (since 6 June 2018 and re-appointed 19 July 2019)" @@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of: Senate or Antenimieran-Doholona (reestablished on 22 January 2016, following the December 2015 senatorial election) (63 seats; 42 members indirectly elected by an electoral college of municipal, communal, regional, and provincial leaders and 21 appointed by the president of the republic; members serve 5-year terms) ++ National Assembly or Antenimierampirenena (151 seats; 87 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 64 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of: Senate or Antenimieran-Doholona (reestablished on 22 January 2016, following the December 2015 senatorial election) (63 seats; 42 members indirectly elected by an electoral college of municipal, communal, regional, and provincial leaders and 21 appointed by the president of the republic; members serve 5-year terms); note - in 2020 Pres RAJOELINA ordered that the senate now have only 18 seats, 6 of which are appointed by the president, the remaining 12 indirectly elected by an electoral college of municipal, communal, regional, and provincial leaders; opposition parties' boycotted this legislative election ++ National Assembly or Antenimierampirenena (151 seats; 87 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 64 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { "text": "Senate - last held 29 December 2015 (next to be held in 2021) ++ National Assembly - last held on 27 May 2019 (next to be held in 2024)" @@ -543,30 +543,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Madagascar is a mostly unregulated economy with many untapped natural resources, but no capital markets, a weak judicial system, poorly enforced contracts, and rampant government corruption. The country faces challenges to improve education, healthcare, and the environment to boost long-term economic growth. Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is a mainstay of the economy, accounting for more than one-fourth of GDP and employing roughly 80% of the population. Deforestation and erosion, aggravated by bushfires, slash-and-burn clearing techniques, and the use of firewood as the primary source of fuel, are serious concerns to the agriculture dependent economy. ++ After discarding socialist economic policies in the mid-1990s, Madagascar followed a World Bank- and IMF-led policy of privatization and liberalization until a 2009 coup d'état led many nations, including the United States, to suspend non-humanitarian aid until a democratically-elected president was inaugurated in 2014. The pre-coup strategy had placed the country on a slow and steady growth path from an extremely low starting point. Exports of apparel boomed after gaining duty-free access to the US market in 2000 under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA); however, Madagascar's failure to comply with the requirements of the AGOA led to the termination of the country's duty-free access in January 2010, a sharp fall in textile production, a loss of more than 100,000 jobs, and a GDP drop of nearly 11%. ++ Madagascar regained AGOA access in January 2015 and ensuing growth has been slow and fragile. Madagascar produces around 80% of the world's vanilla and its reliance on this commodity for most of its foreign exchange is a significant source of vulnerability. Economic reforms have been modest and the country's financial sector remains weak, limiting the use of monetary policy to control inflation. An ongoing IMF program aims to strengthen financial and investment management capacity." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$39.85 billion (2017 est.) / $38.25 billion (2016 est.) / $36.72 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 120 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$11.5 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4.2% (2017 est.) / 4.2% (2016 est.) / 3.1% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 69 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "5.6% (2019 est.) / 8.6% (2018 est.) / 8.5% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 191 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$43.868 billion (2019 est.) / $41.859 billion (2018 est.) / $40.032 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$13.964 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,600 (2017 est.) / $1,500 (2016 est.) / $1,500 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "text": "$497 (2019 est.) / $487 (2018 est.) / $478 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 222 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "14.8% of GDP (2017 est.) / 15.4% of GDP (2016 est.) / 11.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 138 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "24% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "19.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "56.4% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "67.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -587,16 +601,8 @@ "text": "-33.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "24% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "19.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "56.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "88.5 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa, rice, cassava (manioc, tapioca), beans, bananas, peanuts; livestock products" @@ -650,17 +656,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "8.3% (2017 est.) / 6.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 199 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$35 million (2017 est.) / $57 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 77 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$2.29 billion (2017 est.) / $2.26 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 136 + "text": "$5.272 billion (2019 est.) / $5.06 billion (2018 est.) / $4.839 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 114 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "France 24.8%, US 16.5%, China 6.7%, Germany 6.5%, Japan 6%, Netherlands 4.7% (2017)" @@ -669,8 +671,8 @@ "text": "coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar, cotton cloth, clothing, chromite, petroleum products, gems, ilmenite, cobalt, nickel" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.738 billion (2017 est.) / $2.427 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 152 + "text": "$5.855 billion (2019 est.) / $5.56 billion (2018 est.) / $5.796 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 132 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "capital goods, petroleum, consumer goods, food" @@ -727,7 +729,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "74% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 97 + "country comparison to the world": 96 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/mi.json b/africa/mi.json index ba50e14c..82f9e3a2 100644 --- a/africa/mi.json +++ b/africa/mi.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "24,404 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 101 + "country comparison to the world": 100 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania" @@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ "female": { "text": "16.9 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 222 + "country comparison to the world": 221 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "3.3% (2020 est.)", @@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 120 + "country comparison to the world": 119 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 89 + "country comparison to the world": 88 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population density is highest south of Lake Nyasa as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ "female": { "text": "33.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 40 + "country comparison to the world": 39 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ "female": { "text": "65.3 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "5.31 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -326,8 +326,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 54 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 104 + "text": "4.7% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 72 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -536,30 +536,46 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's least developed countries. The country's economic performance has historically been constrained by policy inconsistency, macroeconomic instability, poor infrastructure, rampant corruption, high population growth, and poor health and education outcomes that limit labor productivity. The economy is predominately agricultural with about 80% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounts for about one-third of GDP and 80% of export revenues. The performance of the tobacco sector is key to short-term growth as tobacco accounts for more than half of exports, although Malawi is looking to diversify away from tobacco to other cash crops. ++ The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. Donors halted direct budget support from 2013 to 2016 because of concerns about corruption and fiscal carelessness, but the World Bank resumed budget support in May 2017. In 2006, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program but recent increases in domestic borrowing mean that debt servicing in 2016 exceeded the levels prior to HIPC debt relief. ++ Heavily dependent on rain-fed agriculture, with corn being the staple crop, Malawi's economy was hit hard by the El Nino-driven drought in 2015 and 2016, and now faces threat from the fall armyworm. The drought also slowed economic activity, led to two consecutive years of declining economic growth, and contributed to high inflation rates. Depressed food prices over 2017 led to a significant drop in inflation (from an average of 21.7% in 2016 to 12.3% in 2017), with a similar drop in interest rates." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$22.42 billion (2017 est.) / $21.56 billion (2016 est.) / $21.08 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 145 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$6.24 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4% (2017 est.) / 2.3% (2016 est.) / 3% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 74 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "9.3% (2019 est.) / 12.4% (2018 est.) / 11.7% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 207 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$22.42 billion (2017 est.) / $21.56 billion (2016 est.) / $21.08 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$7.766 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$1,200 (2017 est.) / $1,200 (2016 est.) / $1,200 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 223 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "3.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / -2.8% of GDP (2016 est.) / 2.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 178 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "28.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "15.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "56% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "84.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -580,16 +596,8 @@ "text": "-43.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "28.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "15.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "56% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "77.9 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "tobacco, sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava (manioc, tapioca), sorghum, pulses, cotton, groundnuts, macadamia nuts, coffee; cattle, goats" @@ -618,7 +626,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "20.4% (2013 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 190 + "country comparison to the world": 191 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "50.7% (2010 est.)" @@ -654,17 +662,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "12.2% (2017 est.) / 21.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 205 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$591 million (2017 est.) / -$744 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 125 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.42 billion (2017 est.) / $1.361 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 150 + "text": "$10.718 billion (2019 est.) / $10.326 billion (2018 est.) / $9.658 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 96 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Zimbabwe 13.1%, Mozambique 11.8%, Belgium 10.7%, South Africa 6.3%, Netherlands 5%, UK 4.7%, Germany 4.3%, US 4.2% (2017)" @@ -673,8 +677,8 @@ "text": "tobacco (55%), dried legumes (8.8%), sugar (6.7%), tea (5.7%), cotton (2%), peanuts, coffee, soy (2015 est.)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.312 billion (2017 est.) / $2.277 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 161 + "text": "$12.818 billion (2019 est.) / $12.372 billion (2018 est.) / $11.631 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 97 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, petroleum products, semi-manufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment" @@ -691,7 +695,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 151 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Malawian kwachas (MWK) per US dollar - / 731.69 (2017 est.) / 720.1 (2016 est.) / 713.85 (2015 est.) / 499.6 (2014 est.) / 424.9 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Malawian kwachas (MWK) per US dollar - / 762.4951 (2020 est.) / 736.6548 (2019 est.) / 732.335 (2018 est.) / 499.6 (2014 est.) / 424.9 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -731,7 +735,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "1% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/ml.json b/africa/ml.json index 35b54b8c..fd0b8ffb 100644 --- a/africa/ml.json +++ b/africa/ml.json @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ "female": { "text": "16.7 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 225 + "country comparison to the world": 224 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.95% (2020 est.)", @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-3.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 188 + "country comparison to the world": 187 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the overwhelming majority of the population lives in the southern half of the country, with greater density along the border with Burkina Faso as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ "female": { "text": "63.9 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "5.72 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -328,8 +328,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 28 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.1% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 134 + "text": "3.8% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 106 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -539,30 +539,49 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Among the 25 poorest countries in the world, landlocked Mali depends on gold mining and agricultural exports for revenue. The country's fiscal status fluctuates with gold and agricultural commodity prices and the harvest; cotton and gold exports make up around 80% of export earnings. Mali remains dependent on foreign aid. ++ Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger River; about 65% of Mali's land area is desert or semidesert. About 10% of the population is nomadic and about 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. The government subsidizes the production of cereals to decrease the country's dependence on imported foodstuffs and to reduce its vulnerability to food price shocks. ++ Mali is developing its iron ore extraction industry to diversify foreign exchange earnings away from gold, but the pace will depend on global price trends. Although the political coup in 2012 slowed Mali's growth, the economy has since bounced back, with GDP growth above 5% in 2014-17, although physical insecurity, high population growth, corruption, weak infrastructure, and low levels of human capital continue to constrain economic development. Higher rainfall helped to boost cotton output in 2017, and the country's 2017 budget increased spending more than 10%, much of which was devoted to infrastructure and agriculture. Corruption and political turmoil are strong downside risks in 2018 and beyond." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$41.22 billion (2017 est.) / $39.1 billion (2016 est.) / $36.97 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 117 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "5.4% (2017 est.) / 5.8% (2016 est.) / 6.2% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 34 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.9% (2018 est.) / 1.8% (2017 est.) / 1.7% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 108 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Caa1 (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$39.246 billion (2019 est.) / $37.363 billion (2018 est.) / $35.703 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$15.37 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.4% (2017 est.) / 5.8% (2016 est.) / 6.2% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 35 + "text": "$17.508 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,200 (2017 est.) / $2,100 (2016 est.) / $2,100 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "text": "$792 (2019 est.) / $777 (2018 est.) / $766 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "16.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 15.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 15.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 126 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "41.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "18.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "40.5% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "82.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -583,16 +602,8 @@ "text": "-41.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "41.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "18.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "40.5% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "84.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats" @@ -618,7 +629,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "7.9% (2017 est.) / 7.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 122 + "country comparison to the world": 123 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "36.1% (2005 est.)" @@ -654,17 +665,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.8% (2017 est.) / -1.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 94 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$886 million (2017 est.) / -$1.015 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 141 }, "Exports": { "text": "$3.06 billion (2017 est.) / $2.803 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 129 + "country comparison to the world": 133 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Switzerland 31.8%, UAE 15.4%, Burkina Faso 7.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 7.3%, South Africa 5%, Bangladesh 4.6% (2017)" @@ -674,7 +681,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$3.644 billion (2017 est.) / $3.403 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 142 + "country comparison to the world": 148 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles" @@ -731,7 +738,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "68% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 113 + "country comparison to the world": 112 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/mo.json b/africa/mo.json index 2b8a6da4..ee43c078 100644 --- a/africa/mo.json +++ b/africa/mo.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, a series of Moroccan Muslim dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy, particularly under Ahmad al-MANSUR (1578-1603), repelled foreign invaders and inaugurated a golden age. The Alaouite Dynasty, to which the current Moroccan royal family belongs, dates from the 17th century. In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and ushered in a half-century of trade rivalry among European powers that saw Morocco's sovereignty steadily erode; in 1912, the French imposed a protectorate over the country. A protracted independence struggle with France ended successfully in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier and most Spanish possessions were turned over to the new country that same year. Sultan MOHAMMED V, the current monarch's grandfather, organized the new state as a constitutional monarchy and in 1957 assumed the title of king. Since Spain's 1976 withdrawal from what is today called Western Sahara, Morocco has extended its de facto administrative control to roughly 75% of this territory; however, the UN does not recognize Morocco as the administering power for Western Sahara. The UN since 1991 has monitored a cease-fire between Morocco and the Polisario Front - an organization advocating the territory's independence - and restarted negotiations over the status of the territory in December 2018. ++ King MOHAMMED VI in early 2011 responded to the spread of pro-democracy protests in the region by implementing a reform program that included a new constitution, passed by popular referendum in July 2011, under which some new powers were extended to parliament and the prime minister, but ultimate authority remains in the hands of the monarch. In November 2011, the Justice and Development Party (PJD) - a moderate Islamist party - won the largest number of seats in parliamentary elections, becoming the first Islamist party to lead the Moroccan Government. In September 2015, Morocco held its first direct elections for regional councils, one of the reforms included in the 2011 constitution. The PJD again won the largest number of seats in nationwide parliamentary elections in October 2016." + "text": "In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, a series of Moroccan Muslim dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy, particularly under Ahmad al-MANSUR (1578-1603), repelled foreign invaders and inaugurated a golden age. The Alaouite Dynasty, to which the current Moroccan royal family belongs, dates from the 17th century. In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and ushered in a half-century of trade rivalry among European powers that saw Morocco's sovereignty steadily erode; in 1912, the French imposed a protectorate over the country. A protracted independence struggle with France ended successfully in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier and most Spanish possessions were turned over to the new country that same year. Sultan MOHAMMED V, the current monarch's grandfather, organized the new state as a constitutional monarchy and in 1957 assumed the title of king. Since Spain's 1976 withdrawal from what is today called Western Sahara, Morocco has extended its de facto administrative control to roughly 75% of this territory; however, the UN does not recognize Morocco as the administering power for Western Sahara. The UN since 1991 has monitored a cease-fire between Morocco and the Polisario Front - an organization advocating the territory's independence - and restarted negotiations over the status of the territory in December 2018. On 10 December 2020, the US recognized Morocco's sovereignty over all of Western Sahara. ++ King MOHAMMED VI in early 2011 responded to the spread of pro-democracy protests in the region by implementing a reform program that included a new constitution, passed by popular referendum in July 2011, under which some new powers were extended to parliament and the prime minister, but ultimate authority remains in the hands of the monarch. In November 2011, the Justice and Development Party (PJD) - a moderate Islamist party - won the largest number of seats in parliamentary elections, becoming the first Islamist party to lead the Moroccan Government. In September 2015, Morocco held its first direct elections for regional councils, one of the reforms included in the 2011 constitution. The PJD again won the largest number of seats in nationwide parliamentary elections in October 2016." } }, "Geography": { @@ -184,19 +184,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.96% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 110 + "country comparison to the world": 109 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "17.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 91 + "country comparison to the world": 90 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 141 + "country comparison to the world": 140 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 167 + "country comparison to the world": 166 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the highest population density is found along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts; a number of densely populated agglomerations are found scattered through the Atlas Mountains as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "female": { "text": "16.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 82 + "country comparison to the world": 81 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.31 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 84 + "country comparison to the world": 83 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "70.8% (2018)" @@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ "text": "<500 (2019 est.)" }, "Major infectious diseases": { - "note": "note: clusters of cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are occurring in Morocco; as of 10 November 2020, Morocco has reported a total of 252,185 cases of COVID-19 or 6,832 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 114 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" + "note": "note: clusters of cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are occurring in Morocco; as of 8 December 2020, Morocco has reported a total of 376,738 cases of COVID-19 or 10,207 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 168 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "26.1% (2016)", @@ -317,8 +317,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 106 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.3% of GDP (2009)", - "country comparison to the world": 51 + "text": "NA" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -399,7 +398,7 @@ }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "11 regions (recognized); Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Casablanca-Settat, Draa-Tafilalet, Fes-Meknes, Guelmim-Oued Noun, Laayoune-Sakia al Hamra, Oriental, Marrakech-Safi, Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Souss-Massa, Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima", - "note": "note: Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara, the political status of which is considered undetermined by the US Government; portions of the regions Guelmim-Oued Noun and Laayoune-Sakia al Hamra as claimed by Morocco lie within Western Sahara; Morocco also claims a 12th region, Dakhla-Oued ed Dahab, that falls entirely within Western Sahara" + "note": "note: Effective 10 December 2020, the US government recognizes the sovereignty of Morocco over all of the territory of Western Sahara." }, "Independence": { "text": "2 March 1956 (from France)" @@ -534,30 +533,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Morocco has capitalized on its proximity to Europe and relatively low labor costs to work towards building a diverse, open, market-oriented economy. Key sectors of the economy include agriculture, tourism, aerospace, automotive, phosphates, textiles, apparel, and subcomponents. Morocco has increased investment in its port, transportation, and industrial infrastructure to position itself as a center and broker for business throughout Africa. Industrial development strategies and infrastructure improvements - most visibly illustrated by a new port and free trade zone near Tangier - are improving Morocco's competitiveness. ++ In the 1980s, Morocco was a heavily indebted country before pursuing austerity measures and pro-market reforms, overseen by the IMF. Since taking the throne in 1999, King MOHAMMED VI has presided over a stable economy marked by steady growth, low inflation, and gradually falling unemployment, although poor harvests and economic difficulties in Europe contributed to an economic slowdown. To boost exports, Morocco entered into a bilateral Free Trade Agreement with the US in 2006 and an Advanced Status agreement with the EU in 2008. In late 2014, Morocco eliminated subsidies for gasoline, diesel, and fuel oil, dramatically reducing outlays that weighed on the country's budget and current account. Subsidies on butane gas and certain food products remain in place. Morocco also seeks to expand its renewable energy capacity with a goal of making renewable more than 50% of installed electricity generation capacity by 2030. ++ Despite Morocco's economic progress, the country suffers from high unemployment, poverty, and illiteracy, particularly in rural areas. Key economic challenges for Morocco include reforming the education system and the judiciary." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$298.6 billion (2017 est.) / $286.8 billion (2016 est.) / $283.6 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 57 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$109.3 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.5% (2019 est.) / 2.96% (2018 est.) / 3.98% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 110 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.2% (2019 est.) / 2% (2018 est.) / 0.7% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 30 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB+ (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba1 (1999)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB- (2010)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$280.811 billion (2019 est.) / $273.972 billion (2018 est.) / $266.117 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$118.858 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$8,600 (2017 est.) / $8,300 (2016 est.) / $8,300 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 147 + "text": "$3,450 (2019 est.) / $3,407 (2018 est.) / $3,351 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 173 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "30.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / 28.9% of GDP (2016 est.) / 28.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 31 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "14% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "29.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "56.5% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "58% (2017 est.)" @@ -578,16 +602,8 @@ "text": "-46.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "14% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "29.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "56.5% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "93.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "barley, wheat, citrus fruits, grapes, vegetables, olives; livestock; wine" @@ -616,7 +632,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "9.23% (2019 est.) / 9.65% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 140 + "country comparison to the world": 141 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "15% (2007 est.)" @@ -652,17 +668,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.8% (2017 est.) / 1.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 43 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$5.075 billion (2019 est.) / -$6.758 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 184 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$21.48 billion (2017 est.) / $22.66 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 69 + "text": "$48.565 billion (2019 est.) / $46.608 billion (2018 est.) / $44.033 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 62 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Spain 23.2%, France 22.6%, Italy 4.5%, US 4.2% (2017)" @@ -671,8 +683,8 @@ "text": "clothing and textiles, automobiles, electric components, inorganic chemicals, transistors, crude minerals, fertilizers (including phosphates), petroleum products, citrus fruits, vegetables, fish" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$39.64 billion (2017 est.) / $36.59 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 59 + "text": "$64.12 billion (2019 est.) / $61.535 billion (2018 est.) / $57.257 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 56 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "crude petroleum, textile fabric, telecommunications equipment, wheat, gas and electricity, transistors, plastics" @@ -689,7 +701,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 65 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Moroccan dirhams (MAD) per US dollar - / 9.639 (2017 est.) / 9.7787 (2016 est.) / 9.7787 (2015 est.) / 9.7351 (2014 est.) / 8.3798 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Moroccan dirhams (MAD) per US dollar - / 9.0065 (2020 est.) / 9.657 (2019 est.) / 9.48825 (2018 est.) / 9.7351 (2014 est.) / 8.3798 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -720,7 +732,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "68% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 114 + "country comparison to the world": 113 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -969,9 +981,14 @@ "text": "19 years of age for compulsory military service (reintroduced in 2019); both sexes are obligated to military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months (2019)" } }, + "Terrorism": { + "Terrorist group(s)": { + "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) (2020)" + } + }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { - "text": "claims and administers Western Sahara whose sovereignty remains unresolved; Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera, the islands of Penon de Alhucemas and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island); discussions have not progressed on a comprehensive maritime delimitation, setting limits on resource exploration and refugee interdiction, since Morocco's 2002 rejection of Spain's unilateral designation of a median line from the Canary Islands; Morocco serves as one of the primary launching areas of illegal migration into Spain from North Africa; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; the National Liberation Front's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco is a dormant dispute" + "text": "Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera, the islands of Penon de Alhucemas and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island); discussions have not progressed on a comprehensive maritime delimitation, setting limits on resource exploration and refugee interdiction, since Morocco's 2002 rejection of Spain's unilateral designation of a median line from the Canary Islands; Morocco serves as one of the primary launching areas of illegal migration into Spain from North Africa; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; the National Liberation Front's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco is a dormant dispute" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "the world's largest producer and exporter of cannabis; total production for 2015-2016 growing season estimated to be 700 metric tons; shipments of hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; significant consumer of cannabis" diff --git a/africa/mp.json b/africa/mp.json index 1ba8b2c6..76c78156 100644 --- a/africa/mp.json +++ b/africa/mp.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "10 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues", - "country comparison to the world": 181 + "country comparison to the world": 180 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -174,19 +174,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.54% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 153 + "country comparison to the world": 152 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "12.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 152 + "country comparison to the world": 151 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 115 + "country comparison to the world": 114 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 90 + "country comparison to the world": 89 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population density is one of the highest in the world; urban cluster are found throught the main island, with a greater density in and around Port Luis; population on Rodrigues Island is spread across the island with a slightly denser cluster on the north coast as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ "female": { "text": "7.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 140 + "country comparison to the world": 139 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.73 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 166 + "country comparison to the world": 165 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "63.8% (2014)" @@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 137 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2018)", + "text": "4.7% of GDP (2019)", "country comparison to the world": 73 }, "Literacy": { @@ -510,30 +510,49 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has undergone a remarkable economic transformation from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a diversified, upper middle-income economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. Mauritius has achieved steady growth over the last several decades, resulting in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure. ++ ++ The economy currently depends on sugar, tourism, textiles and apparel, and financial services, but is expanding into fish processing, information and communications technology, education, and hospitality and property development. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area but sugar makes up only around 3-4% of national GDP. Authorities plan to emphasize services and innovation in the coming years. After several years of slow growth, government policies now seek to stimulate economic growth in five areas: serving as a gateway for international investment into Africa; increasing the use of renewable energy; developing smart cities; growing the ocean economy; and upgrading and modernizing infrastructure, including public transportation, the port, and the airport. ++ ++ Mauritius has attracted more than 32,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India, South Africa, and China. The Mauritius International Financial Center is under scrutiny by international bodies promoting fair tax competition and Mauritius has been cooperating with the European Union and the United states in the automatic exchange of account information. Mauritius is also a member of the OECD/G20's Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting and is under pressure to review its Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements. The offshore sector is vulnerable to changes in the tax framework and authorities have been working on a Financial Services Sector Blueprint to enable Mauritius to transition to a jurisdiction of higher value added. Mauritius' textile sector has taken advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act, a preferential trade program that allows duty free access to the US market, with Mauritian exports to the US growing by 35.6 % from 2000 to 2014. However, lack of local labor as well as rising labor costs eroding the competitiveness of textile firms in Mauritius. ++ ++ Mauritius' sound economic policies and prudent banking practices helped mitigate negative effects of the global financial crisis in 2008-09. GDP grew in the 3-4% per year range in 2010-17, and the country continues to expand its trade and investment outreach around the globe. Growth in the US and Europe fostered goods and services exports, including tourism, while lower oil prices kept inflation low. Mauritius continues to rank as one of the most business-friendly environments on the continent and passed a Business Facilitation Act to improve competitiveness and long-term growth prospects. A new National Economic Development Board was set up in 2017-2018 to spearhead efforts to promote exports and attract inward investment." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$28.27 billion (2017 est.) / $27.23 billion (2016 est.) / $26.23 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 137 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$13.33 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "3.8% (2017 est.) / 3.8% (2016 est.) / 3.6% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 77 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.4% (2019 est.) / 3.2% (2018 est.) / 3.6% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 41 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Baa1 (2012)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$28.27 billion (2017 est.) / $27.23 billion (2016 est.) / $26.23 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$14.004 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$22,300 (2017 est.) / $21,500 (2016 est.) / $20,800 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 86 + "country comparison to the world": 69 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "16.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 15.8% of GDP (2016 est.) / 15.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 122 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "21.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "74.1% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "81% (2017 est.)" @@ -554,16 +573,8 @@ "text": "-55.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "21.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "74.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "94.5 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish" @@ -592,7 +603,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "6.65% (2019 est.) / 6.84% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 106 + "country comparison to the world": 107 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "8% (2006 est.)" @@ -628,17 +639,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.7% (2017 est.) / 1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 148 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$875 million (2017 est.) / -$531 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 139 }, "Exports": { "text": "$2.36 billion (2017 est.) / $2.359 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 135 + "country comparison to the world": 141 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "France 16.7%, US 12.5%, UK 12%, South Africa 9%, Madagascar 6.7%, Italy 6.6%, Spain 5.2% (2017)" @@ -648,7 +655,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$4.986 billion (2017 est.) / $4.406 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 130 + "country comparison to the world": 139 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals" @@ -665,7 +672,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 92 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Mauritian rupees (MUR) per US dollar - / 35.17 (2017 est.) / 35.542 (2016 est.) / 35.542 (2015 est.) / 35.057 (2014 est.) / 30.622 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Mauritian rupees (MUR) per US dollar - / 39.65 (2020 est.) / 36.51 (2019 est.) / 34.4 (2018 est.) / 35.057 (2014 est.) / 30.622 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -696,7 +703,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "79% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 86 + "country comparison to the world": 85 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -843,7 +850,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "5 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 181 + "country comparison to the world": 180 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/africa/mr.json b/africa/mr.json index a95839a4..16f65aaa 100644 --- a/africa/mr.json +++ b/africa/mr.json @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "black Moors (Haratines - Arab-speaking slaves, former slaves, and their descendants of African origin, enslaved by white Moors) 40%, white Moors (of Arab-Berber descent, known as Beydane) 30%, Sub-Saharan Mauritanians (non-Arabic speaking, largely resident in or originating from the Senegal River Valley, including Halpulaar, Fulani, Soninke, Wolof, and Bambara ethnic groups) 30%" + "text": "Black Moors (Haratines - Arab-speaking slaves, former slaves, and their descendants of African origin, enslaved by white Moors) 40%, White Moors (of Arab-Berber descent, known as Beydane) 30%, Sub-Saharan Mauritanians (non-Arabic speaking, largely resident in or originating from the Senegal River Valley, including Halpulaar, Fulani, Soninke, Wolof, and Bambara ethnic groups) 30%" }, "Languages": { "text": "Arabic (official and national), Pular, Soninke, Wolof (all national languages), French", @@ -179,11 +179,11 @@ "female": { "text": "22 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 188 + "country comparison to the world": 187 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.09% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 42 + "country comparison to the world": 41 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "29 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -191,11 +191,11 @@ }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 105 + "country comparison to the world": 104 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 135 + "country comparison to the world": 134 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "with most of the country being a desert, vast areas of the country, particularly in the central, northern, and eastern areas, are without sizeable population clusters; half the population lives in or around the coastal capital of Nouakchott; smaller clusters are found near the southern border with Mali and Senegal as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -328,8 +328,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 24 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.6% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 155 + "text": "1.9% of GDP (2019)", + "country comparison to the world": 163 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -536,30 +536,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Mauritania's economy is dominated by extractive industries (oil and mines), fisheries, livestock, agriculture, and services. Half the population still depends on farming and raising livestock, even though many nomads and subsistence farmers were forced into the cities by recurrent droughts in the 1970s, 1980s, 2000s, and 2017. Recently, GDP growth has been driven largely by foreign investment in the mining and oil sectors. ++ Mauritania's extensive mineral resources include iron ore, gold, copper, gypsum, and phosphate rock, and exploration is ongoing for tantalum, uranium, crude oil, and natural gas. Extractive commodities make up about three-quarters of Mauritania's total exports, subjecting the economy to price swings in world commodity markets. Mining is also a growing source of government revenue, rising from 13% to 30% of total revenue from 2006 to 2014. The nation's coastal waters are among the richest fishing areas in the world, and fishing accounts for about 15% of budget revenues, 45% of foreign currency earnings. Mauritania processes a total of 1,800,000 tons of fish per year, but overexploitation by foreign and national fleets threaten the sustainability of this key source of revenue. ++ The economy is highly sensitive to international food and extractive commodity prices. Other risks to Mauritania's economy include its recurring droughts, dependence on foreign aid and investment, and insecurity in neighboring Mali, as well as significant shortages of infrastructure, institutional capacity, and human capital. In December 2017, Mauritania and the IMF agreed to a three year agreement under the Extended Credit Facility to foster economic growth, maintain macroeconomic stability, and reduce poverty. Investment in agriculture and infrastructure are the largest components of the country's public expenditures." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$17.28 billion (2017 est.) / $16.7 billion (2016 est.) / $16.4 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 154 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.935 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "3.5% (2017 est.) / 1.8% (2016 est.) / 0.4% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 85 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.2% (2019 est.) / 3.1% (2018 est.) / 2.2% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 120 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$17.28 billion (2017 est.) / $7.761 billion (2017 est.) / $16.7 billion (2016 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$706 million (2018 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$4,500 (2017 est.) / $4,400 (2016 est.) / $4,400 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 173 + "text": "$175 (2019 est.) / $170 (2018 est.) / $171 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 226 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "24.2% of GDP (2017 est.) / 24.8% of GDP (2016 est.) / 19% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 68 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "27.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "29.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "42.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "64.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -580,16 +594,8 @@ "text": "-78.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "27.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "29.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "42.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "92.2 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "dates, millet, sorghum, rice, corn; cattle, camel and sheep" @@ -619,7 +625,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "10.2% (2017 est.) / 10.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 149 + "country comparison to the world": 150 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "31% (2014 est.)" @@ -655,17 +661,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.3% (2017 est.) / 1.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 117 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$711 million (2017 est.) / -$707 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 133 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.722 billion (2017 est.) / $1.401 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 147 + "text": "$321 million (2019 est.) / $290 million (2018 est.) / $302 million (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 185 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 31.2%, Switzerland 14.4%, Spain 10.1%, Germany 8.2%, Japan 8.1% (2017)" @@ -674,8 +676,8 @@ "text": "iron ore, fish and fish products, livestock, gold, copper, crude oil" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.094 billion (2017 est.) / $1.9 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 166 + "text": "$318 million (2019 est.) / $321 million (2018 est.) / $319 million (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, petroleum products, capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods" @@ -732,7 +734,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "65% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 118 + "country comparison to the world": 117 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/mz.json b/africa/mz.json index e4e018c3..f021e4ce 100644 --- a/africa/mz.json +++ b/africa/mz.json @@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "African 99% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), mestizo 0.8%, other (includes European, Indian, Pakistani, Chinese) .2% (2017 est.)" + "text": "African 99% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Mestizo 0.8%, other (includes European, Indian, Pakistani, Chinese) .2% (2017 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "Makhuwa 26.1%, Portuguese (official) 16.6%, Tsonga 8.6%, Nyanja 8.1, Sena 7.1%, Lomwe 7.1%, Chuwabo 4.7%, Ndau 3.8%, Tswa 3.8%, other Mozambican languages 11.8%, other 0.5%, unspecified 1.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ "female": { "text": "17.6 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 220 + "country comparison to the world": 219 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.62% (2020 est.)", @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 159 + "country comparison to the world": 158 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "three large populations clusters are found along the southern coast between Maputo and Inhambane, in the central area between Beira and Chimoio along the Zambezi River, and in and around the northern cities of Nampula, Cidade de Nacala, and Pemba; the northwest and southwest are the least populated areas as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ "female": { "text": "57.4 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 222 + "country comparison to the world": 221 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "4.97 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -330,8 +330,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 38 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.5% of GDP (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 21 + "text": "5.5% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 36 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -449,10 +449,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Filipe Jacinto NYUSI (since 15 January 2015, re-elected 15 Oct 2019) ++ (2019)" + "text": "President Filipe Jacinto NYUSI (since 15 January 2015, re-elected 15 Oct 2019)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Filipe Jacinto NYUSI (since 15 January 2015); Prime Minister Carlos Agostinho DO ROSARIO (since 17 January 2015; reconfirmed DO ROSARIO 17 January 2020) (2020)" + "text": "President Filipe Jacinto NYUSI (since 15 January 2015); Prime Minister Carlos Agostinho DO ROSARIO (since 17 January 2015; reconfirmed DO ROSARIO 17 January 2020)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" @@ -541,30 +541,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist policies, economic mismanagement, and a brutal civil war from 1977 to 1992 further impoverished the country. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, propelled the country's GDP, in purchasing power parity terms, from $4 billion in 1993 to about $37 billion in 2017. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, about half the population remains below the poverty line and subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's work force. ++ Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt was reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives. However, in 2016, information surfaced revealing that the Mozambican Government was responsible for over $2 billion in government-backed loans secured between 2012-14 by state-owned defense and security companies without parliamentary approval or national budget inclusion; this prompted the IMF and international donors to halt direct budget support to the Government of Mozambique. An international audit was performed on Mozambique's debt in 2016-17, but debt restructuring and resumption of donor support have yet to occur. ++ Mozambique grew at an average annual rate of 6%-8% in the decade leading up to 2015, one of Africa's strongest performances, but the sizable external debt burden, donor withdrawal, elevated inflation, and currency depreciation contributed to slower growth in 2016-17. ++ Two major International consortiums, led by American companies ExxonMobil and Anadarko, are seeking approval to develop massive natural gas deposits off the coast of Cabo Delgado province, in what has the potential to become the largest infrastructure project in Africa. . The government predicts sales of liquefied natural gas from these projects could generate several billion dollars in revenues annually sometime after 2022." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$37.09 billion (2017 est.) / $35.76 billion (2016 est.) / $34.46 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 122 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$12.59 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "3.11% (2018 est.) / 3.7% (2017 est.) / 4.07% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 95 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.7% (2019 est.) / 3.9% (2018 est.) / 15.4% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 137 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "CCC (2019)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Caa2 (2019)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "CCC+ (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$35.426 billion (2018 est.) / $37.09 billion (2017 est.) / $34.358 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$14.964 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$1,300 (2017 est.) / $1,200 (2016 est.) / $1,200 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 222 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "16.8% of GDP (2017 est.) / -1.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 123 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "23.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "19.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "56.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "69.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -585,16 +610,8 @@ "text": "-70.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "23.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "19.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "56.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "69.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (manioc, tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry" @@ -623,7 +640,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "24.5% (2017 est.) / 25% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "46.1% (2015 est.)" @@ -659,17 +676,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "15.3% (2017 est.) / 19.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$3.025 billion (2019 est.) / -$4.499 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 172 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$4.725 billion (2017 est.) / $3.328 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 110 + "text": "$3.349 billion (2019 est.) / $3.874 billion (2018 est.) / $2.505 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 130 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "India 28.1%, Netherlands 24.4%, South Africa 16.7% (2017)" @@ -678,8 +691,8 @@ "text": "aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$5.223 billion (2017 est.) / $4.733 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 124 + "text": "$7.371 billion (2019 est.) / $7.614 billion (2018 est.) / $5.076 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 121 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles" @@ -696,7 +709,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 110 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "meticais (MZM) per US dollar - / 64.4 (2017 est.) / 63.067 (2016 est.) / 63.067 (2015 est.) / 39.983 (2014 est.) / 31.367 (2013 est.)" + "text": "meticais (MZM) per US dollar - / 74.12 (2020 est.) / 63.885 (2019 est.) / 61.625 (2018 est.) / 39.983 (2014 est.) / 31.367 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -736,7 +749,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "16% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -984,7 +997,7 @@ "text": "registration for military service is mandatory for all males and females at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service; 2-year service obligation; women may serve as officers or enlisted (2019)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Mozambique Defense and Security Forces are facing a growing insurgency involving terrorist/militant groups with ties to the Islamic State in Central Africa in the northern province of Cabo Delgado, an area known for rich liquid natural gas deposits; attacks in the province began around 2017 and as of November 2020, the fighting had left an estimated 2,000 dead and over 200-400,000 displaced; Mozambique has brought in private military companies based in Russia and South Africa to provide assistance to its security forces (2020)" + "text": "the Mozambique Defense and Security Forces are facing a growing insurgency involving terrorist/militant groups with ties to the Islamic State in Central Africa in the northern province of Cabo Delgado, an area known for rich liquid natural gas deposits; insurgent attacks in the province began in 2017 and as of November 2020, the fighting had left an estimated 2,000 dead and over 300,000 displaced; Mozambique has brought in private military companies to provide assistance to its security forces (2020)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/ng.json b/africa/ng.json index 1baba3b3..2d3b6b71 100644 --- a/africa/ng.json +++ b/africa/ng.json @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ "female": { "text": "15.1 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 228 + "country comparison to the world": 227 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "3.66% (2020 est.)", @@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 133 + "country comparison to the world": 132 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "majority of the populace is located in the southernmost extreme of the country along the border with Nigeria and Benin as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ "female": { "text": "60.8 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 219 + "country comparison to the world": 218 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "7 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -327,8 +327,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 18 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.5% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 123 + "text": "3.5% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 118 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (171 seats; 158 members directly elected from 8 multi-member constituencies in 7 regions and Niamey by party-list proportional representation, 8 reserved for minorities elected in special single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 5 seats reserved for Nigeriens living abroad - l seat per continent - elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 21 February 2016 (next to be held in 2021)" + "text": "last held on 21 February 2016 (next to be held on 27 December 2020)" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party - PNDS-Tarrayya 44.1%, MODEN/FA Lumana 14.7%, MNSD-Nassara 11.8%, MPR-Jamhuriya 7.1%, MNRD Hankuri-PSDN Alheri 3.5%, MPN-Kishin Kassa 2.9%, ANDP-Zaman Lahiya 2.4%, RSD-Gaskiya 2.4%, CDS-Rahama 1.8%, CPR-Inganci 1.8%, RDP-Jama'a 1.8%, AMEN AMIN 1.8%, other 3.9%; seats by party - PNDS-Tarrayya 75, MODEN/FA Lumana 25, MNSD-Nassara 20, MPR-Jamhuriya 12, MNRD Hankuri-PSDN Alheri 6, MPN-Kishin Kassa 5, ANDP-Zaman Lahiya 4, RSD-Gaskiya 4, CDS-Rahama 3, CPR-Inganci 3, RDP-Jama'a 3, RDP-Jama'a 3, AMEN AMIN 3, other 8; composition - men 146, women 24 percent of women 14.6%" @@ -537,30 +537,49 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Niger is a landlocked, Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence crops, livestock, and some of the world's largest uranium deposits. Agriculture contributes approximately 40% of GDP and provides livelihood for over 80% of the population. The UN ranked Niger as the second least developed country in the world in 2016 due to multiple factors such as food insecurity, lack of industry, high population growth, a weak educational sector, and few prospects for work outside of subsistence farming and herding. ++ Since 2011 public debt has increased due to efforts to scale-up public investment, particularly that related to infrastructure, as well as due to increased security spending. The government relies on foreign donor resources for a large portion of its fiscal budget. The economy in recent years has been hurt by terrorist activity near its uranium mines and by instability in Mali and in the Diffa region of the country; concerns about security have resulted in increased support from regional and international partners on defense. Low uranium prices, demographics, and security expenditures may continue to put pressure on the government's finances. ++ The Government of Niger plans to exploit oil, gold, coal, and other mineral resources to sustain future growth. Although Niger has sizable reserves of oil, the prolonged drop in oil prices has reduced profitability. Food insecurity and drought remain perennial problems for Niger, and the government plans to invest more in irrigation. Niger's three-year $131 million IMF Extended Credit Facility (ECF) agreement for the years 2012-15 was extended until the end of 2016. In February 2017, the IMF approved a new 3-year $134 million ECF. In June 2017, The World Bank's International Development Association (IDA) granted Niger $1 billion over three years for IDA18, a program to boost the country's development and alleviate poverty. A $437 million Millennium Challenge Account compact for Niger, commencing in FY18, will focus on large-scale irrigation infrastructure development and community-based, climate-resilient agriculture, while promoting sustainable increases in agricultural productivity and sales. ++ Formal private sector investment needed for economic diversification and growth remains a challenge, given the country's limited domestic markets, access to credit, and competitiveness. Although President ISSOUFOU is courting foreign investors, including those from the US, as of April 2017, there were no US firms operating in Niger. In November 2017, the National Assembly passed the 2018 Finance Law that was geared towards raising government revenues and moving away from international support." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$21.86 billion (2017 est.) / $20.84 billion (2016 est.) / $19.87 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 146 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$8.224 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4.9% (2017 est.) / 4.9% (2016 est.) / 4.3% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 51 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-2.5% (2019 est.) / 6.3% (2018 est.) / 2.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 2 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B3 (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$23.632 billion (2018 est.) / $21.86 billion (2017 est.) / $22.194 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$12.926 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,200 (2017 est.) / $1,100 (2016 est.) / $1,100 (2015 est.)", + "text": "$472 (2018 est.) / $1,200 (2017 est.) / $460 (2017 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 224 + "country comparison to the world": 223 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "22.4% of GDP (2017 est.) / 20.6% of GDP (2016 est.) / 21.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 80 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "41.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "19.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "38.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "70.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -581,16 +600,8 @@ "text": "-34.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "41.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "19.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "38.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "91.5 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (manioc, tapioca), rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry" @@ -655,17 +666,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.4% (2017 est.) / 0.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 121 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.16 billion (2017 est.) / -$1.181 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 150 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$4.143 billion (2017 est.) / $1.101 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 115 + "text": "$1.525 billion (2018 est.) / $1.466 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 149 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "France 30.2%, Thailand 18.3%, Malaysia 9.9%, Nigeria 8.3%, Mali 5%, Switzerland 4.9% (2017)" @@ -674,8 +681,8 @@ "text": "uranium ore, livestock, cowpeas, onions" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.829 billion (2017 est.) / $1.715 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 171 + "text": "$2.999 billion (2018 est.) / $2.88 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 152 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals" @@ -732,7 +739,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "95% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 45 + "country comparison to the world": 44 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -937,7 +944,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Nigerien Armed Forces (Forces Armees Nigeriennes, FAN): Army, Nigerien Air Force, Niger Gendarmerie (GN); Ministry of Interior: Niger National Guard (GNN), National Police (2019)", + "text": "Nigerien Armed Forces (Forces Armees Nigeriennes, FAN): Army, Nigerien Air Force, Niger Gendarmerie (GN); Ministry of Interior: Niger National Guard (GNN), National Police (includes the Directorate of Territorial Surveillance, which is charged with border management) (2020)", "note": "note: the Gendarmerie is subordinate to the Ministry of Defense and has primary responsibility for rural security; the National Guard is responsible for domestic security and the protection of high-level officials and government buildings" }, "Military expenditures": { @@ -945,7 +952,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 62 }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "size estimates for the Nigerien Armed Forces (FAN) vary; approximately 7,000-9,500 active troops (est. 5,500-6,000 Army; 200 Air Force; 1,500-3,500 Gendarmerie); est. 2,500-3,000 National Guard (2019)" + "text": "size estimates for the Nigerien Armed Forces (FAN) vary; approximately 10,000 active troops (est. 6,000 Army; 200 Air Force; 3,500 Gendarmerie); est. 3,000 National Guard (2019)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the FAN's inventory consists of a wide variety of foreign-supplied weapons, including Chinese, French, German, Russian, and US; since 2015, the FAN has received limited amounts of equipment from China, France, Russia, Sweden, and the US, some of which were donations (2019 est.)" diff --git a/africa/ni.json b/africa/ni.json index 1c115be7..d3c615c8 100644 --- a/africa/ni.json +++ b/africa/ni.json @@ -177,11 +177,11 @@ "female": { "text": "18.9 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.53% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 23 + "country comparison to the world": 22 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "34.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 108 + "country comparison to the world": 107 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "largest population of any African nation; significant population clusters are scattered throughout the country, with the highest density areas being in the south and southwest as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ "female": { "text": "62.3 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "4.72 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ "aerosolized dust or soil contact diseases": { "text": "Lassa fever" }, - "note": "note: on 7 October 2019, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a Travel Health Notice for a Yellow Fever outbreak in Nigeria; a large, ongoing outbreak of yellow fever in Nigeria began in September 2017; the outbreak is now spread throughout the country with the Nigerian Ministry of Health reporting cases of the disease in all 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory; the CDC recommends travelers going to Nigeria should receive vaccination against yellow fever at least 10 days before travel and should take steps to prevent mosquito bites while there; those never vaccinated against yellow fever should avoid travel to Nigeria during the outbreak ++ note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Nigeria; as of 10 November 2020, Nigeria has reported a total of 63,790 cases of COVID-19 or 309 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 6 cumulative deaths per 1 million population; as of 19 March 2020, the Government of Nigeria has restricted entry into Nigeria for travelers from the following high incidence countries: China, Italy, Iran, Norway, South Korea, Spain, Japan, France, Germany, US, UK, Netherlands, and Switzerland" + "note": "note: on 7 October 2019, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a Travel Health Notice for a Yellow Fever outbreak in Nigeria; a large, ongoing outbreak of yellow fever in Nigeria began in September 2017; the outbreak is now spread throughout the country with the Nigerian Ministry of Health reporting cases of the disease in all 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory; the CDC recommends travelers going to Nigeria should receive vaccination against yellow fever at least 10 days before travel and should take steps to prevent mosquito bites while there; those never vaccinated against yellow fever should avoid travel to Nigeria during the outbreak ++ note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Nigeria; as of 8 December 2020, Nigeria has reported a total of 68,937 cases of COVID-19 or 334 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 6 cumulative deaths per 1 million population; as of 19 March 2020, the Government of Nigeria has restricted entry into Nigeria for travelers from the following high incidence countries: China, Italy, Iran, Norway, South Korea, Spain, Japan, France, Germany, US, UK, Netherlands, and Switzerland" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "8.9% (2016)", @@ -544,30 +544,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Nigeria is Sub Saharan Africa's largest economy and relies heavily on oil as its main source of foreign exchange earnings and government revenues. Following the 2008-09 global financial crises, the banking sector was effectively recapitalized and regulation enhanced. Since then, Nigeria's economic growth has been driven by growth in agriculture, telecommunications, and services. Economic diversification and strong growth have not translated into a significant decline in poverty levels; over 62% of Nigeria's over 180 million people still live in extreme poverty. ++ Despite its strong fundamentals, oil-rich Nigeria has been hobbled by inadequate power supply, lack of infrastructure, delays in the passage of legislative reforms, an inefficient property registration system, restrictive trade policies, an inconsistent regulatory environment, a slow and ineffective judicial system, unreliable dispute resolution mechanisms, insecurity, and pervasive corruption. Regulatory constraints and security risks have limited new investment in oil and natural gas, and Nigeria's oil production had been contracting every year since 2012 until a slight rebound in 2017. ++ President BUHARI, elected in March 2015, has established a cabinet of economic ministers that includes several technocrats, and he has announced plans to increase transparency, diversify the economy away from oil, and improve fiscal management, but has taken a primarily protectionist approach that favors domestic producers at the expense of consumers. President BUHARI ran on an anti-corruption platform, and has made some headway in alleviating corruption, such as implementation of a Treasury Single Account that allows the government to better manage its resources and a more transparent government payroll and personnel system that eliminated duplicate and \"ghost workers.\" The government also is working to develop stronger public-private partnerships for roads, agriculture, and power. ++ Nigeria entered recession in 2016 as a result of lower oil prices and production, exacerbated by militant attacks on oil and gas infrastructure in the Niger Delta region, coupled with detrimental economic policies, including foreign exchange restrictions. GDP growth turned positive in 2017 as oil prices recovered and output stabilized." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.121 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.112 trillion (2016 est.) / $1.13 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 24 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$376.4 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "0.8% (2017 est.) / -1.6% (2016 est.) / 2.7% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 178 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "11.3% (2019 est.) / 12.1% (2018 est.) / 16.5% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 211 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B2 (2017)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B- (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$1.121 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.112 trillion (2016 est.) / $1.13 trillion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$475.062 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$5,900 (2017 est.) / $6,100 (2016 est.) / $6,300 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 166 + "country comparison to the world": 149 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "18.2% of GDP (2017 est.) / 16% of GDP (2016 est.) / 12.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 110 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "21.1% (2016 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "22.5% (2016 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "56.4% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "80% (2017 est.)" @@ -588,16 +613,8 @@ "text": "-13.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "21.1% (2016 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "22.5% (2016 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "56.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "86.2 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cocoa, peanuts, cotton, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (manioc, tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish" @@ -626,7 +643,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "16.5% (2017 est.) / 13.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 180 + "country comparison to the world": 181 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "70% (2010 est.)" @@ -662,10 +679,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "16.5% (2017 est.) / 15.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$10.38 billion (2017 est.) / $2.714 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 24 @@ -682,7 +695,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$32.67 billion (2017 est.) / $35.24 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 62 + "country comparison to the world": 69 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals" @@ -699,7 +712,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 73 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "nairas (NGN) per US dollar - / 323.5 (2017 est.) / 253 (2016 est.) / 253 (2015 est.) / 192.73 (2014 est.) / 158.55 (2013 est.)" + "text": "nairas (NGN) per US dollar - / 383.5 (2020 est.) / 362.75 (2019 est.) / 363 (2018 est.) / 192.73 (2014 est.) / 158.55 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -739,7 +752,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "80% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 83 + "country comparison to the world": 82 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -999,7 +1012,7 @@ "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea as very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2018, 48 commercial vessels were boarded or attacked compared with 33 attacks in 2017; in 2018, 29 ships were boarded eight of which were underway, 12 were fired upon, and 78 crew members were abducted; Nigerian pirates have extended the range of their attacks to as far away as Cote d'Ivoire and as far as 170 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2019-010-Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 19 July 2019, which states in part \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom (KFR) continue to serve as significant threats to U.S. flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea (GoG). ...According to the Office of Naval Intelligence's \"Weekly Piracy Reports\" 72 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea occurred in the GoG region this year as of July 9, 2019. Attacks, kidnappings for ransom (KFR), and boardings to steal valuables from the ships and crews are the most common types of incidents with approximately 75 percent of all incidents taking place off Nigeria. During the first six months of 2019, there were 15 kidnapping and 3 hijackings in the GoG.\"" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Nigerian Armed Forces are used primarily for internal security operations; in the northeast, the military is conducting counterinsurgency/counter-terrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State in West Africa (ISWA) terrorist groups, where up to 70,000 troops have been deployed at times; in the northwest, it faces threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and militants associated with ongoing herder-farmer violence, as well as BH and ISWA terrorists; the military also focuses on the Niger Delta region to protect the oil industry against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years (2020)" + "text": "the Nigerian Armed Forces are used primarily for internal security operations; in the northeast, the military is conducting counterinsurgency/counter-terrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State in West Africa (ISWA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times; in the northwest, it faces threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and militants associated with ongoing farmer-herder violence, as well as BH and ISWA terrorists; the military also focuses on the Niger Delta region to protect the oil industry against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years (2020)" } }, "Terrorism": { @@ -1017,7 +1030,7 @@ "text": "61,774 (Cameroon) (2020)" }, "IDPs": { - "text": "3,214,506 (northeast Nigeria; Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2020)" + "text": "2,896,548 (northeast Nigeria; Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2020)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index 5f77e051..1f5ba42a 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ "female": { "text": "18.3 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.7% (2020 est.)", @@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 73 + "country comparison to the world": 72 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "clusters found in urban areas, particularly in the western interior and around the White Nile as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ "female": { "text": "56.5 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 223 + "country comparison to the world": 222 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "5.54 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -304,8 +304,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 9 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "1% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 175 + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2016)", + "country comparison to the world": 168 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -483,25 +483,28 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Industry and infrastructure in landlocked South Sudan are severely underdeveloped and poverty is widespread, following several decades of civil war with Sudan. Continued fighting within the new nation is disrupting what remains of the economy. The vast majority of the population is dependent on subsistence agriculture and humanitarian assistance. Property rights are insecure and price signals are weak, because markets are not well-organized. ++ South Sudan has little infrastructure – about 10,000 kilometers of roads, but just 2% of them paved. Electricity is produced mostly by costly diesel generators, and indoor plumbing and potable water are scarce, so less than 2% of the population has access to electricity. About 90% of consumed goods, capital, and services are imported from neighboring countries – mainly Uganda, Kenya and Sudan. Chinese investment plays a growing role in the infrastructure and energy sectors. ++ Nevertheless, South Sudan does have abundant natural resources. South Sudan holds one of the richest agricultural areas in Africa, with fertile soils and abundant water supplies. Currently the region supports 10-20 million head of cattle. At independence in 2011, South Sudan produced nearly three-fourths of former Sudan's total oil output of nearly a half million barrels per day. The Government of South Sudan relies on oil for the vast majority of its budget revenues, although oil production has fallen sharply since independence. South Sudan is one of the most oil-dependent countries in the world, with 98% of the government's annual operating budget and 80% of its gross domestic product (GDP) derived from oil. Oil is exported through a pipeline that runs to refineries and shipping facilities at Port Sudan on the Red Sea. The economy of South Sudan will remain linked to Sudan for some time, given the existing oil infrastructure. The outbreak of conflict in December 2013, combined with falling crude oil production and prices, meant that GDP fell significantly between 2014 and 2017. Since the second half of 2017 oil production has risen, and is currently about 130,000 barrels per day. ++ Poverty and food insecurity has risen due to displacement of people caused by the conflict. With famine spreading, 66% of the population in South Sudan is living on less than about $2 a day, up from 50.6% in 2009, according to the World Bank. About 80% of the population lives in rural areas, with agriculture, forestry and fishing providing the livelihood for a majority of the households. Much of rural sector activity is focused on low-input, low-output subsistence agriculture. ++ South Sudan is burdened by considerable debt because of increased military spending and high levels of government corruption. Economic mismanagement is prevalent. Civil servants, including police and the military, are not paid on time, creating incentives to engage in looting and banditry. South Sudan has received more than $11 billion in foreign aid since 2005, largely from the US, the UK, and the EU. Inflation peaked at over 800% per year in October 2016 but dropped to 118% in 2017. The government has funded its expenditures by borrowing from the central bank and foreign sources, using forward sales of oil as collateral. The central bank's decision to adopt a managed floating exchange rate regime in December 2015 triggered a 97% depreciation of the currency and spawned a growing black market. ++ Long-term challenges include rooting out public sector corruption, improving agricultural productivity, alleviating poverty and unemployment, improving fiscal transparency - particularly in regard to oil revenues, taming inflation, improving government revenues, and creating a rules-based business environment." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "-5.2% (2017 est.) / -13.9% (2016 est.) / -0.2% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 218 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "187.9% (2017 est.) / 379.8% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 226 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$20.01 billion (2017 est.) / $21.1 billion (2016 est.) / $24.52 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 149 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$3.06 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-5.2% (2017 est.) / -13.9% (2016 est.) / -0.2% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 218 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$1,600 (2017 est.) / $1,700 (2016 est.) / $2,100 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 220 + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "3.6% of GDP (2017 est.) / 18.7% of GDP (2016 est.) / 7.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", @@ -524,6 +527,9 @@ "text": "-27.2% (2011 est.)" } }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "26.2 (2020)" + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "sorghum, maize, rice, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, mangoes, papayas, bananas, sweet potatoes, sunflower seeds, cotton, sesame seeds, cassava (manioc, tapioca), beans, peanuts; cattle, sheep" }, @@ -550,10 +556,6 @@ "text": "62.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 86.6% of GDP (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 69 }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "187.9% (2017 est.) / 379.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 225 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$154 million (2017 est.) / $39 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 94 @@ -564,7 +566,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$3.795 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 140 + "country comparison to the world": 146 }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "text": "$73 million (31 December 2016 est.)", @@ -580,13 +582,13 @@ "text": "11 million (2019)" }, "electrification - total population": { - "text": "1% (2019)" + "text": "28.2% (2018)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "4% (2019)" + "text": "46.8% (2018)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "1% (2019)" + "text": "23.6% (2018)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -827,13 +829,13 @@ "text": "the South Sudan People's Defense Force (SSPDF) has an estimated 190,000 active personnel, including ground, air, and riverine forces (2019)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the SSPDF inventory is primarily of Soviet origin; South Sudan was under a UN arms embargo through May 2020; from 2010 to 2015, Russian and the United Arab Emirates were the leading suppliers of arms and equipment (2020)" + "text": "the SSPDF inventory is primarily of Soviet origin; from 2010 to 2015, Russia and the United Arab Emirates were the leading suppliers of arms and equipment; South Sudan has been under a UN arms embargo since 2018 (2020)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service; the Government of South Sudan signed agreements in March 2012 and August 2015 that included the demobilization of all child soldiers within the armed forces and opposition, but the recruitment of child soldiers by the warring parties continues; as of the end of 2018, UNICEF estimated that more than 19,000 child soldiers had been used in the country's civil war since it began in December 2013 (2018)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "under the September 2018 peace agreement, all armed groups in South Sudan were to assemble at designated sites where fighters could be either disarmed and demobilized, or integrated into unified military and police forces; the unified forces were then to be retrained and deployed prior to the formation of a national unity government; all fighters were ordered to these sites in July 2019; some progress toward merging the various armed forces into a national army has been made; for example, in May 2020, South Sudan announced that it was graduating some unified forces at various training centers across the country, and in June the SSPDF incorporated some senior officers from the main opposition force, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement Army - in Opposition (SPLM/A-IO) into its rank structure; nevertheless, progress has been slow, and as of August 2020 armed clashes continued to occur between government forces and armed militant groups ++ the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) has operated in the country since 2011 with the objectives of consolidating peace and security and helping establish conditions for the successful economic and political development of South Sudan; UNMISS had more than 18,000 personnel deployed in the country as of May 2020 ++ United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 4,000 personnel deployed as of March 2020 (2020)" + "text": "under the September 2018 peace agreement, all armed groups in South Sudan were to assemble at designated sites where fighters could be either disarmed and demobilized, or integrated into unified military and police forces; the unified forces were then to be retrained and deployed prior to the formation of a national unity government; all fighters were ordered to these sites in July 2019; some progress toward merging the various armed forces into a national army has been made; for example, in May 2020, South Sudan announced that it was graduating some unified forces at various training centers across the country, and in June the SSPDF incorporated some senior officers from the main opposition force, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement Army - in Opposition (SPLM/A-IO) into its rank structure; nevertheless, progress has been slow, and as of December 2020 armed clashes continued to occur between government forces and armed militant groups ++ the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) has operated in the country since 2011 with the objectives of consolidating peace and security and helping establish conditions for the successful economic and political development of South Sudan; UNMISS had more than 18,000 personnel deployed in the country as of May 2020 ++ United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 4,000 personnel deployed as of March 2020 (2020)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/pu.json b/africa/pu.json index b2f92091..fdb0e3d9 100644 --- a/africa/pu.json +++ b/africa/pu.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "8,005 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 138 + "country comparison to the world": 137 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly less than three times the size of Connecticut" @@ -172,11 +172,11 @@ "female": { "text": "18.6 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.51% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 24 + "country comparison to the world": 23 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "36.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-3.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 186 + "country comparison to the world": 185 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "approximately one-fifth of the population lives in the capital city of Bissau along the Atlantic coast; the remainder is distributed among the eight other, mainly rural, regions as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ "female": { "text": "65.1 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "4.75 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.1% of GDP (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 168 + "country comparison to the world": 159 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -488,30 +488,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Guinea-Bissau is highly dependent on subsistence agriculture, cashew nut exports, and foreign assistance. Two out of three Bissau-Guineans remain below the absolute poverty line. The legal economy is based on cashews and fishing. Illegal logging and trafficking in narcotics also play significant roles. The combination of limited economic prospects, weak institutions, and favorable geography have made this West African country a way station for drugs bound for Europe. ++ Guinea-Bissau has substantial potential for development of mineral resources, including phosphates, bauxite, and mineral sands. Offshore oil and gas exploration has begun. The country's climate and soil make it feasible to grow a wide range of cash crops, fruit, vegetables, and tubers; however, cashews generate more than 80% of export receipts and are the main source of income for many rural communities. ++ The government was deposed in August 2015, and since then, a political stalemate has resulted in weak governance and reduced donor support. ++ The country is participating in a three-year, IMF extended credit facility program that was suspended because of a planned bank bailout. The program was renewed in 2017, but the major donors of direct budget support (the EU, World Bank, and African Development Bank) have halted their programs indefinitely. Diversification of the economy remains a key policy goal, but Guinea-Bissau's poor infrastructure and business climate will constrain this effort." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$3.171 billion (2017 est.) / $2.994 billion (2016 est.) / $2.817 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 188 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "5.9% (2017 est.) / 6.3% (2016 est.) / 6.1% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 31 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.2% (2019 est.) / 0.3% (2018 est.) / 1.6% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 29 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$2.69 billion (2018 est.) / $3.171 billion (2017 est.) / $2.591 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.35 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.9% (2017 est.) / 6.3% (2016 est.) / 6.1% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 32 + "text": "$1.339 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,900 (2017 est.) / $1,800 (2016 est.) / $1,700 (2015 est.)", + "text": "$598 (2018 est.) / $1,900 (2017 est.) / $590 (2017 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 219 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "8.6% of GDP (2017 est.) / 10.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 10.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 168 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "50% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "13.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "36.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "83.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -532,16 +546,8 @@ "text": "-26.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "50% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "13.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "36.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "43.2 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, corn, beans, cassava (manioc, tapioca), cashew nuts, peanuts, palm kernels, cotton; timber; fish" @@ -602,17 +608,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.1% (2017 est.) / 1.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 60 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$27 million (2017 est.) / $16 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 75 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$328.1 million (2017 est.) / $278.6 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 184 + "text": "$188 million (2018 est.) / $183 million (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 192 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "India 67.1%, Vietnam 21.1% (2017)" @@ -621,8 +623,8 @@ "text": "fish, shrimp; cashews, peanuts, palm kernels, raw and sawn lumber" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$283.5 million (2017 est.) / $136.5 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "text": "$383 million (2018 est.) / $348 million (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products" @@ -675,11 +677,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "28,300 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "99% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 24 + "country comparison to the world": 23 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/rw.json b/africa/rw.json index 9c8da24c..fcb05544 100644 --- a/africa/rw.json +++ b/africa/rw.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "1,670 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 149 + "country comparison to the world": 148 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" @@ -168,23 +168,23 @@ "female": { "text": "20.4 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 47 + "country comparison to the world": 46 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "27.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 40 + "country comparison to the world": 39 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 160 + "country comparison to the world": 159 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-3.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 182 + "country comparison to the world": 181 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "one of Africa's most densely populated countries; large concentrations tend to be in the central regions and along the shore of Lake Kivu in the west as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ "female": { "text": "25.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 61 + "country comparison to the world": 60 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "3.52 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 41 + "country comparison to the world": 40 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "53.2% (2014/15)" @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.1% of GDP (2018)", - "country comparison to the world": 137 + "country comparison to the world": 133 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -530,30 +530,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Rwanda is a rural, agrarian country with agriculture accounting for about 63% of export earnings, and with some mineral and agro-processing. Population density is high but, with the exception of the capital Kigali, is not concentrated in large cities – its 12 million people are spread out on a small amount of land (smaller than the state of Maryland). Tourism, minerals, coffee, and tea are Rwanda's main sources of foreign exchange. Despite Rwanda's fertile ecosystem, food production often does not keep pace with demand, requiring food imports. Energy shortages, instability in neighboring states, and lack of adequate transportation linkages to other countries continue to handicap private sector growth. ++ The 1994 genocide decimated Rwanda's fragile economic base, severely impoverished the population, particularly women, and temporarily stalled the country's ability to attract private and external investment. However, Rwanda has made substantial progress in stabilizing and rehabilitating its economy well beyond pre-1994 levels. GDP has rebounded with an average annual growth of 6%-8% since 2003 and inflation has been reduced to single digits. In 2015, 39% of the population lived below the poverty line, according to government statistics, compared to 57% in 2006. ++ The government has embraced an expansionary fiscal policy to reduce poverty by improving education, infrastructure, and foreign and domestic investment. Rwanda consistently ranks well for ease of doing business and transparency. ++ The Rwandan Government is seeking to become a regional leader in information and communication technologies and aims to reach middle-income status by 2020 by leveraging the service industry. In 2012, Rwanda completed the first modern Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Kigali. The SEZ seeks to attract investment in all sectors, but specifically in agribusiness, information and communications, trade and logistics, mining, and construction. In 2016, the government launched an online system to give investors information about public land and its suitability for agricultural development." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "6.1% (2017 est.) / 6% (2016 est.) / 8.9% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 28 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "3.3% (2019 est.) / -0.3% (2018 est.) / 8.4% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 151 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B+ (2014)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B2 (2016)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B+ (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$24.68 billion (2017 est.) / $23.26 billion (2016 est.) / $21.94 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 142 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$9.136 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.1% (2017 est.) / 6% (2016 est.) / 8.9% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 29 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$2,100 (2017 est.) / $2,000 (2016 est.) / $1,900 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "12.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 6.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 7.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 147 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "30.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "17.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "51.5% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "75.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -574,16 +599,8 @@ "text": "-32.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "30.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "17.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "51.5% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "93.2 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; livestock" @@ -612,7 +629,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "2.7% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 31 + "country comparison to the world": 32 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "39.1% (2015 est.)" @@ -648,17 +665,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.8% (2017 est.) / 5.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 170 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$622 million (2017 est.) / -$1.336 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 128 }, "Exports": { "text": "$1.05 billion (2017 est.) / $745 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 157 + "country comparison to the world": 159 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "UAE 38.3%, Kenya 15.1%, Switzerland 9.9%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 9.5%, US 4.9%, Singapore 4.5% (2017)" @@ -668,7 +681,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$1.922 billion (2017 est.) / $2.036 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 168 + "country comparison to the world": 171 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material" @@ -725,7 +738,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "42% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 164 + "country comparison to the world": 163 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/se.json b/africa/se.json index ee2c70a2..33ec6bbd 100644 --- a/africa/se.json +++ b/africa/se.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "95,981 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -174,19 +174,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.69% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 139 + "country comparison to the world": 138 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "12.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 148 + "country comparison to the world": 147 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 122 + "country comparison to the world": 121 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 60 + "country comparison to the world": 59 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "more than three-quarters of the population lives on the main island of Mahe; Praslin contains less than 10%; a smaller percent on La Digue and the outer islands as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ "female": { "text": "6.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 136 + "country comparison to the world": 135 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.83 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 146 + "country comparison to the world": 145 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.4% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 89 + "country comparison to the world": 84 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Ronald Jean JUMEAU (since 8 September 2017)" + "text": "Ambassador Ronald Jean JUMEAU (since 8 September 2017) ++" }, "chancery": { "text": "800 Second Avenue, Suite 400C, New York, NY 10017" @@ -492,30 +492,49 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Since independence in 1976, per capita output in this Indian Ocean archipelago has expanded to roughly seven times the pre-independence, near-subsistence level, moving the island into the high income group of countries. Growth has been led by the tourism sector, which directly employs about 26% of the labor force and directly and indirectly accounts for more than 55% of GDP, and by tuna fishing. In recent years, the government has encouraged foreign investment to upgrade hotels and tourism industry services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the dependence on tourism by promoting the development of the offshore financial, information, and communication sectors and renewable energy. ++ In 2008, having depleted its foreign exchange reserves, Seychelles defaulted on interest payments due on a $230 million Eurobond, requested assistance from the IMF, and immediately enacted a number of significant structural reforms, including liberalization of the exchange rate, reform of the public sector to include layoffs, and the sale of some state assets. In December 2013, the IMF declared that Seychelles had successfully transitioned to a market-based economy with full employment and a fiscal surplus. However, state-owned enterprises still play a prominent role in the economy. Effective 1 January 2017, Seychelles was no longer eligible for trade benefits under the US African Growth and Opportunities Act after having gained developed country status. Seychelles grew at 5% in 2017 because of a strong tourism sector and low commodity prices. The Seychellois Government met the IMF's performance criteria for 2017 but recognizes a need to make additional progress to reduce high income inequality, represented by a Gini coefficient of 46.8. ++ As a very small open economy dependent on tourism, Seychelles remains vulnerable to developments such as economic downturns in countries that supply tourists, natural disasters, and changes in local climatic conditions and ocean temperature. One of the main challenges facing the government is implementing strategies that will increase Seychelles' long-term resilience to climate change without weakening economic growth." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.75 billion (2017 est.) / $2.612 billion (2016 est.) / $2.499 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 190 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "5.3% (2017 est.) / 4.5% (2016 est.) / 4.9% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 39 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.8% (2019 est.) / 3.7% (2018 est.) / 2.8% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 103 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B+ (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$2.636 billion (2019 est.) / $2.503 billion (2018 est.) / $2.413 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.498 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.3% (2017 est.) / 4.5% (2016 est.) / 4.9% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 40 + "text": "$1.748 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$29,300 (2017 est.) / $27,800 (2016 est.) / $26,900 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 70 + "text": "$14,955 (2019 est.) / $14,296 (2018 est.) / $13,877 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 94 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "8.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / 10.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 15.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 169 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "13.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "83.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "52.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -536,16 +555,8 @@ "text": "-93.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "13.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "83.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "71.8 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coconuts, cinnamon, vanilla, sweet potatoes, cassava (manioc, tapioca), copra, bananas; tuna" @@ -559,7 +570,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "51,000 (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 192 + "country comparison to the world": 191 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -574,7 +585,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3% (2017 est.) / 2.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 38 + "country comparison to the world": 39 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "39.3% (2013 est.)" @@ -610,10 +621,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.9% (2017 est.) / -1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 132 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$307 million (2017 est.) / -$286 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 110 @@ -630,7 +637,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$1.155 billion (2017 est.) / $991 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 180 + "country comparison to the world": 181 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals, other manufactured goods" @@ -678,7 +685,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "91% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 56 + "country comparison to the world": 55 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/sf.json b/africa/sf.json index b61df17f..c3dfa3e6 100644 --- a/africa/sf.json +++ b/africa/sf.json @@ -186,11 +186,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.97% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 108 + "country comparison to the world": 107 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "19.2 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 78 + "country comparison to the world": 77 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 110 + "country comparison to the world": 109 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the population concentrated along the southern and southeastern coast, and inland around Pretoria; the eastern half of the country is more densly populated than the west as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ "female": { "text": "24.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 63 + "country comparison to the world": 62 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.22 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 91 + "country comparison to the world": 90 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "54.6% (2016)" @@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ "water contact disease": { "text": "schistosomiasis" }, - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout South Africa; as of 10 November 2020, South Africa has reported a total of 735,906 cases of COVID-19 or 12,408 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 312 cumulative deaths per 1 million population; on 24 May 2020, the Government of South Africa announced the lockdown alert level for South Africa will be lowered to level 3 with effect on 1 June 2020, except for some areas designated as \"coronavirus hotspots\"; per the lockdown, all airports in South Africa are closed to commercial traffic" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout South Africa; as of 8 December 2020, South Africa has reported a total of 810,449 cases of COVID-19 or 13,665 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 372 cumulative deaths per 1 million population; on 24 May 2020, the Government of South Africa announced the lockdown alert level for South Africa will be lowered to level 3 with effect on 1 June 2020, except for some areas designated as \"coronavirus hotspots\"; per the lockdown, all airports in South Africa are closed to commercial traffic" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "28.3% (2016)", @@ -330,8 +330,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 76 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.2% of GDP (2018)", - "country comparison to the world": 29 + "text": "6.5% of GDP (2019)", + "country comparison to the world": 19 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ "text": "President Matamela Cyril RAMAPHOSA (since 15 February 2018); Deputy President David MABUZA (26 February 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Jacob ZUMA resigned the presidency on 14 February 2018" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Matamela Cyril RAMAPHOSA (since 15 February 2018); deputy president David MABUZA (26 February 2018)" + "text": "President Matamela Cyril RAMAPHOSA (since 15 February 2018); deputy president David MABUZA (26 February 2018" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" @@ -544,30 +544,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "South Africa is a middle-income emerging market with an abundant supply of natural resources; well-developed financial, legal, communications, energy, and transport sectors; and a stock exchange that is Africa's largest and among the top 20 in the world. ++ Economic growth has decelerated in recent years, slowing to an estimated 0.7% in 2017. Unemployment, poverty, and inequality - among the highest in the world - remain a challenge. Official unemployment is roughly 27% of the workforce, and runs significantly higher among black youth. Even though the country's modern infrastructure supports a relatively efficient distribution of goods to major urban centers throughout the region, unstable electricity supplies retard growth. Eskom, the state-run power company, is building three new power stations and is installing new power demand management programs to improve power grid reliability but has been plagued with accusations of mismanagement and corruption and faces an increasingly high debt burden. ++ South Africa's economic policy has focused on controlling inflation while empowering a broader economic base; however, the country faces structural constraints that also limit economic growth, such as skills shortages, declining global competitiveness, and frequent work stoppages due to strike action. The government faces growing pressure from urban constituencies to improve the delivery of basic services to low-income areas, to increase job growth, and to provide university level-education at affordable prices. Political infighting among South Africa's ruling party and the volatility of the rand risks economic growth. International investors are concerned about the country's long-term economic stability; in late 2016, most major international credit ratings agencies downgraded South Africa's international debt to junk bond status." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$767.2 billion (2017 est.) / $757.2 billion (2016 est.) / $752.9 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 30 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$349.3 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "0.06% (2019 est.) / 0.7% (2018 est.) / 1.4% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 191 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "4.1% (2019 est.) / 4.6% (2018 est.) / 5.2% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 171 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB- (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba2 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BB- (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$687.303 billion (2019 est.) / $686.901 billion (2018 est.) / $682.14 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$350.032 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$13,600 (2017 est.) / $13,600 (2016 est.) / $13,800 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 119 + "text": "$7,341 (2019 est.) / $7,434 (2018 est.) / $7,484 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 137 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "16.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / 16.6% of GDP (2016 est.) / 16.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 128 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "29.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "67.5% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "59.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -588,16 +613,8 @@ "text": "-28.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "29.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "67.5% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "59.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; beef, poultry, mutton, wool, dairy products" @@ -626,7 +643,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "28.53% (2019 est.) / 27.09% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "16.6% (2016 est.)" @@ -662,17 +679,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5.3% (2017 est.) / 6.3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 174 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$10.626 billion (2019 est.) / -$13.31 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 191 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$94.93 billion (2017 est.) / $75.16 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 39 + "text": "$123.864 billion (2019 est.) / $127.055 billion (2018 est.) / $123.79 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 40 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 9.5%, US 7.7%, Germany 7.1%, Japan 4.7%, India 4.6%, Botswana 4.3%, Namibia 4.1% (2017)" @@ -681,7 +694,7 @@ "text": "gold, diamonds, platinum, other metals and minerals, machinery and equipment" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$89.36 billion (2017 est.) / $79.57 billion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$131.721 billion (2019 est.) / $132.365 billion (2018 est.) / $128.141 billion (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 40 }, "Imports - commodities": { @@ -699,7 +712,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 41 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "rand (ZAR) per US dollar - / 13.67 (2017 est.) / 14.6924 (2016 est.) / 14.6924 (2015 est.) / 12.7581 (2014 est.) / 10.8469 (2013 est.)" + "text": "rand (ZAR) per US dollar - / 14.9575 (2020 est.) / 14.64 (2019 est.) / 14.05125 (2018 est.) / 12.7581 (2014 est.) / 10.8469 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -739,7 +752,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "85% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 73 + "country comparison to the world": 72 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "4% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/sg.json b/africa/sg.json index 9d3f526e..abf9f305 100644 --- a/africa/sg.json +++ b/africa/sg.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "4,192 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 89 + "country comparison to the world": 88 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than South Dakota; slightly larger than twice the size of Indiana" @@ -178,11 +178,11 @@ "female": { "text": "20.3 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.31% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 30 + "country comparison to the world": 29 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "31.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -190,11 +190,11 @@ }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 102 + "country comparison to the world": 101 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 149 + "country comparison to the world": 148 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the population is concentrated in the west, with Dakar anchoring a well-defined core area; approximately 70% of the population is rural as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ "female": { "text": "40 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 28 + "country comparison to the world": 27 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ "female": { "text": "65.4 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "4.04 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -338,8 +338,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 46 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 74 + "text": "4.8% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 67 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -552,30 +552,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Senegal's economy is driven by mining, construction, tourism, fisheries and agriculture, which are the primary sources of employment in rural areas. The country's key export industries include phosphate mining, fertilizer production, agricultural products and commercial fishing and Senegal is also working on oil exploration projects. It relies heavily on donor assistance, remittances and foreign direct investment. Senegal reached a growth rate of 7% in 2017, due in part to strong performance in agriculture despite erratic rainfall. ++ President Macky SALL, who was elected in March 2012 under a reformist policy agenda, inherited an economy with high energy costs, a challenging business environment, and a culture of overspending. President SALL unveiled an ambitious economic plan, the Emerging Senegal Plan (ESP), which aims to implement priority economic reforms and investment projects to increase economic growth while preserving macroeconomic stability and debt sustainability. Bureaucratic bottlenecks and a challenging business climate are among the perennial challenges that may slow the implementation of this plan. ++ Senegal receives technical support from the IMF under a Policy Support Instrument (PSI) to assist with implementation of the ESP. The PSI implementation continues to be satisfactory as concluded by the IMF's fifth review in December 2017. Financial markets have signaled confidence in Senegal through successful Eurobond issuances in 2014, 2017, and 2018. ++ The government is focusing on 19 projects under the ESP to continue The government's goal under the ESP is structural transformation of the economy. Key projects include the Thiès-Touba Highway, the new international airport opened in December 2017, and upgrades to energy infrastructure. The cost of electricity is a chief constraint for Senegal's development. Electricity prices in Senegal are among the highest in the world. Power Africa, a US presidential initiative led by USAID, supports Senegal's plans to improve reliability and increase generating capacity." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$54.8 billion (2017 est.) / $51.15 billion (2016 est.) / $48.15 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 107 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "7.2% (2017 est.) / 6.2% (2016 est.) / 6.4% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 15 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-0.8% (2019 est.) / 0.4% (2018 est.) / 1.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 9 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba3 (2017)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B+ (2000)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$53.704 billion (2019 est.) / $51.015 billion (2018 est.) / $47.956 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$21.11 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "7.2% (2017 est.) / 6.2% (2016 est.) / 6.4% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 16 + "text": "$23.576 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,500 (2017 est.) / $3,300 (2016 est.) / $3,200 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 188 + "text": "$1,583 (2019 est.) / $1,545 (2018 est.) / $1,494 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "21.2% of GDP (2017 est.) / 21.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / 20.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 86 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "16.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "24.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "58.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "71.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -596,16 +618,8 @@ "text": "-42.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "16.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "24.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "58.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "60.9 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish" @@ -634,7 +648,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "48% (2007 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "country comparison to the world": 217 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "46.7% (2011 est.)" @@ -670,17 +684,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.) / 0.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 73 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.547 billion (2017 est.) / -$769 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 160 }, "Exports": { "text": "$2.362 billion (2017 est.) / $2.498 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 133 + "country comparison to the world": 139 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Mali 14.8%, Switzerland 11.4%, India 6%, Cote dIvoire 5.3%, UAE 5.1%, Gambia, The 4.2%, Spain 4.1% (2017)" @@ -690,7 +700,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$5.217 billion (2017 est.) / $4.966 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 125 + "country comparison to the world": 136 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food and beverages, capital goods, fuels" @@ -747,7 +757,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "82% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 79 + "country comparison to the world": 78 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/sh.json b/africa/sh.json index e5b8c5a7..aa100bfd 100644 --- a/africa/sh.json +++ b/africa/sh.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "88 sq km Ascension Island, 184 sq km Tristan da Cunha island group (includes Tristan (98 sq km), Inaccessible, Nightingale, and Gough islands)", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC" @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ "Population": { "text": "7,862 (July 2020 est.)", "note": "note: Saint Helena's Statistical Office estimated the de facto population to be 4,577 in 2019; only Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha islands are inhabited, none of the other nearby islands/islets are", - "country comparison to the world": 225 + "country comparison to the world": 224 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ "note": "note: referred to locally as \"Saints\"" }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25%" + "text": "African descent 50%, White 25%, Chinese 25%" }, "Languages": { "text": "English" @@ -150,11 +150,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.13% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 185 + "country comparison to the world": 184 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "9.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 94 + "country comparison to the world": 93 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "Saint Helena - population is concentrated in and around the capital Jamestown in the northwest, with another significant cluster in the interior Longwood area; Ascension - largest settlement, and location of most of the population, is Georgetown; Tristan da Cunha - most of the nearly 300 inhabitants live in the northern coastal town of Edinburgh of the Seven Seas" @@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ "female": { "text": "9.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 107 + "country comparison to the world": 106 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.6 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 187 + "country comparison to the world": 186 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -372,22 +372,25 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which amounted to about $27 million in FY06/07 or more than twice the level of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, raising livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$31.1 million (FY09/10 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 227 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "note": "NA" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "4% (2012 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 166 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$31.1 million (2009 est.)" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "NA" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "note": "NA" - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$7,800 (FY09/10 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 153 + "country comparison to the world": 132 }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -400,6 +403,8 @@ "text": "NA" } }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coffee, corn, potatoes, vegetables; fish, lobster; livestock; timber" }, @@ -411,7 +416,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "2,486 (1998 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 226 + "country comparison to the world": 225 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -426,7 +431,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "14% (1998 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 170 + "country comparison to the world": 171 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -451,13 +456,9 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 156 - }, "Exports": { "text": "$19 million (2004 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts" @@ -495,7 +496,7 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "8,000 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", @@ -535,7 +536,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "70 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -543,7 +544,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "65 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -567,7 +568,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "10,650 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 211 } }, "Communications": { @@ -635,7 +636,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "2 (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/africa/sl.json b/africa/sl.json index 219af66f..9e16b3eb 100644 --- a/africa/sl.json +++ b/africa/sl.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "120 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 120 + "country comparison to the world": 119 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than South Carolina" @@ -178,11 +178,11 @@ "female": { "text": "19.7 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.43% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 26 + "country comparison to the world": 25 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "35.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 147 + "country comparison to the world": 146 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population clusters are found in the lower elevations of the south and west; the northern third of the country is less populated as shown on this population distribution map" @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ "female": { "text": "62.6 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "country comparison to the world": 217 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "4.62 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -335,8 +335,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 44 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.6% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 85 + "text": "7.7% of GDP (2019)", + "country comparison to the world": 8 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -531,30 +531,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Sierra Leone is extremely poor and nearly half of the working-age population engages in subsistence agriculture. The country possesses substantial mineral, agricultural, and fishery resources, but it is still recovering from a civil war that destroyed most institutions before ending in the early 2000s. ++ In recent years, economic growth has been driven by mining - particularly iron ore. The country's principal exports are iron ore, diamonds, and rutile, and the economy is vulnerable to fluctuations in international prices. Until 2014, the government had relied on external assistance to support its budget, but it was gradually becoming more independent. The Ebola outbreak of 2014 and 2015, combined with falling global commodities prices, caused a significant contraction of economic activity in all areas. While the World Health Organization declared an end to the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone in November 2015, low commodity prices in 2015-2016 contributed to the country's biggest fiscal shortfall since 2001. In 2017, increased iron ore exports, together with the end of the Ebola epidemic, supported a resumption of economic growth. ++ Continued economic growth will depend on rising commodities prices and increased efforts to diversify the sources of growth. Non-mining activities will remain constrained by inadequate infrastructure, such as power and roads, even though power sector projects may provide some additional electricity capacity in the near term. Pervasive corruption and undeveloped human capital will continue to deter foreign investors. Sustained international donor support in the near future will partially offset these fiscal constraints." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$11.55 billion (2017 est.) / $11.14 billion (2016 est.) / $10.48 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 158 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$3.612 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "3.7% (2017 est.) / 6.3% (2016 est.) / -20.5% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 80 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "14.8% (2019 est.) / 16% (2018 est.) / 18.2% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 215 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$10.771 billion (2019 est.) / $10.209 billion (2018 est.) / $9.869 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$4.132 billion (2020 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,600 (2017 est.) / $1,500 (2016 est.) / $1,500 (2015 est.)", + "text": "$1,600 (2017 est.) / $463 (2017 est.) / $1,500 (2016 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 219 + "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "10% of GDP (2017 est.) / 7.9% of GDP (2016 est.) / -5.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 163 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "60.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "6.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "32.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "97.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -575,16 +589,8 @@ "text": "-55.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "60.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "6.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "32.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "51.9 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, palm oil, peanuts, cashews; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish" @@ -598,7 +604,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "132,000 (2013 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 178 + "country comparison to the world": 177 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -613,7 +619,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "15% (2017 est.) / 17.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 174 + "country comparison to the world": 175 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "70.2% (2004 est.)" @@ -649,17 +655,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "18.2% (2017 est.) / 10.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$407 million (2017 est.) / -$88 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 117 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$808.4 million (2017 est.) / $670 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 169 + "text": "$1.085 billion (2018 est.) / $1.632 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 158 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Cote dIvoire 37.7%, Belgium 20.5%, US 15.7%, China 10.2%, Netherlands 6.1% (2017)" @@ -668,8 +670,8 @@ "text": "iron ore, diamonds, rutile, cocoa, coffee, fish" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.107 billion (2017 est.) / $972.8 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 183 + "text": "$2.619 billion (2020 est.) / $2.414 billion (2019 est.) / $2.072 billion (2018 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 158 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels and lubricants, chemicals" @@ -726,7 +728,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "23% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/so.json b/africa/so.json index 25566f9f..4478bb81 100644 --- a/africa/so.json +++ b/africa/so.json @@ -170,11 +170,11 @@ "female": { "text": "18.3 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.21% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 35 + "country comparison to the world": 34 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "38.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-3.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 187 + "country comparison to the world": 186 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "distribution varies greatly throughout the country; least densely populated areas are in the northeast and central regions, as well as areas along the Kenyan border; most populated areas are in and around the cities of Mogadishu, Marka, Boorama, Hargeysa, and Baidoa as shown on this population distribution map" @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ "female": { "text": "56.2 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 225 + "country comparison to the world": 224 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "5.51 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -489,24 +489,38 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Despite the lack of effective national governance, Somalia maintains an informal economy largely based on livestock, remittance/money transfer companies, and telecommunications. Somalia's government lacks the ability to collect domestic revenue and external debt – mostly in arrears – was estimated at about 77% of GDP in 2017. ++ Agriculture is the most important sector, with livestock normally accounting for about 40% of GDP and more than 50% of export earnings. Nomads and semi-pastoralists, who are dependent upon livestock for their livelihood, make up a large portion of the population. Economic activity is estimated to have increased by 2.4% in 2017 because of growth in the agriculture, construction and telecommunications sector. Somalia's small industrial sector, based on the processing of agricultural products, has largely been looted and the machinery sold as scrap metal. ++ In recent years, Somalia's capital city, Mogadishu, has witnessed the development of the city's first gas stations, supermarkets, and airline flights to Turkey since the collapse of central authority in 1991. Mogadishu's main market offers a variety of goods from food to electronic gadgets. Hotels continue to operate and are supported with private-security militias. Formalized economic growth has yet to expand outside of Mogadishu and a few regional capitals, and within the city, security concerns dominate business. Telecommunication firms provide wireless services in most major cities and offer the lowest international call rates on the continent. In the absence of a formal banking sector, money transfer/remittance services have sprouted throughout the country, handling up to $1.6 billion in remittances annually, although international concerns over the money transfers into Somalia continues to threaten these services' ability to operate in Western nations. In 2017, Somalia elected a new president and collected a record amount of foreign aid and investment, a positive sign for economic recovery." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "2.3% (2017 est.) / 4.4% (2016 est.) / 3.9% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 122 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.5% (2017 est.) / -71.1% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 92 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$20.44 billion (2017 est.) / $19.98 billion (2016 est.) / $19.14 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2016 US dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 148 + "note": "note: data are in 2016 US dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$7.052 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.3% (2017 est.) / 4.4% (2016 est.) / 3.9% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 122 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$NA (2017) / $NA (2016) / $NA (2015)" }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "60.2% (2013 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "7.4% (2013 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "32.5% (2013 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "72.6% (2015 est.)" @@ -527,16 +541,8 @@ "text": "-1.6% (2015 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "60.2% (2013 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "7.4% (2013 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "32.5% (2013 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "51.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "bananas, sorghum, corn, coconuts, rice, sugarcane, mangoes, sesame seeds, beans; cattle, sheep, goats; fish" @@ -600,10 +606,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "NA" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.5% (2017 est.) / -71.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 86 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$464 million (2017 est.) / -$427 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 119 @@ -620,7 +622,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$94.43 billion (2018 est.) / $80.07 billion (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 38 + "country comparison to the world": 49 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "manufactures, petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction materials, qat" @@ -677,7 +679,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "93% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 51 + "country comparison to the world": 50 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -893,7 +895,7 @@ "text": "the International Maritime Bureau continues to report the territorial and offshore waters in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean as a region of significant risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; during 2018, two vessels were attacked compared with five in 2017; Operation Ocean Shield, the NATO naval task force established in 2009 to combat Somali piracy, concluded its operations in December 2016 as a result of the drop in reported incidents over the last few years; additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, have reduced piracy incidents in that body of water; Somali pirates tend to be heavily armed with automatic weapons and rocket propelled grenades; the use of \"mother ships\" from which skiffs can be launched to attack vessels allows these pirates to extend the range of their operations hundreds of nautical miles offshore" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Somali military forces are heavily engaged in operations against the al-Shabaab terrorist organization, including joint operations with the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM); AMISOM has operated in the country with the approval of the United Nations (UN) since 2007; AMISOM's peacekeeping mission includes assisting Somali forces in providing security for a stable political process, enabling the gradual handing over of security responsibilities from AMISOM to the Somali security forces, and reducing the threat posed by Al-Shabaab and other armed opposition groups; as of early 2020, AMISOM had about 19,000 military troops and about 1,000 police personnel from six African countries deployed in Somalia ++ UN Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) is mandated by the Security Council to work with the Federal Government of Somalia to support national reconciliation, provide advice on peace-building and state-building, monitor the human rights situation, and help coordinate the efforts of the international community ++ the UN Support Office in Somalia (UNSOS) is responsible for providing logistical field support to AMISOM, UNSOM, the Somali National Army, and the Somali Police Force on joint operations with AMISOM ++ the European Union Training Mission in Somalia (EUTM-S) has operated in the country since 2010; the EUTM provides advice and training to the Somali military ++ the US and Turkey maintain separate unilateral military training missions in Somalia (2020)" + "text": "Somali military forces are heavily engaged in operations against the al-Shabaab terrorist organization, including joint operations with the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM); AMISOM has operated in the country with the approval of the United Nations (UN) since 2007; AMISOM's peacekeeping mission includes assisting Somali forces in providing security for a stable political process, enabling the gradual handing over of security responsibilities from AMISOM to the Somali security forces, and reducing the threat posed by Al-Shabaab and other armed opposition groups; as of early 2020, AMISOM had about 19,000 military troops and about 1,000 police personnel from six African countries deployed in Somalia; the next UN Security Council AMISOM mandate renewal debate is schedule for February 2021 ++ in 2017, the Somali Government drafted a Somalia Transition Plan that called for the gradual transfer of security responsibilities from AMISOM to the Somali security forces by 2021 ++ UN Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) is mandated by the Security Council to work with the Federal Government of Somalia to support national reconciliation, provide advice on peace-building and state-building, monitor the human rights situation, and help coordinate the efforts of the international community ++ the UN Support Office in Somalia (UNSOS) is responsible for providing logistical field support to AMISOM, UNSOM, the Somali National Army, and the Somali Police Force on joint operations with AMISOM ++ the European Union Training Mission in Somalia (EUTM-S) has operated in the country since 2010; the EUTM provides advice and training to the Somali military ++ the US and Turkey maintain separate unilateral military training missions in Somalia (2020)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/su.json b/africa/su.json index cd31406a..f5509c17 100644 --- a/africa/su.json +++ b/africa/su.json @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ "female": { "text": "18.5 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.69% (2020 est.)", @@ -185,11 +185,11 @@ }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 144 + "country comparison to the world": 143 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 125 + "country comparison to the world": 124 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "with the exception of a ribbon of settlement that corresponds to the banks of the Nile, northern Sudan, which extends into the dry Sahara, is sparsely populated; more abundant vegetation and broader access to water increases population distribution in the south extending habitable range along nearly the entire border with South Sudan; sizeable areas of population are found around Khartoum, southeast between the Blue and White Nile Rivers, and througout South Darfur as shown on this population distribution map" @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ "female": { "text": "36.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 35 + "country comparison to the world": 34 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -329,8 +329,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 5 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.2% of GDP (2009)", - "country comparison to the world": 166 + "text": "NA" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -528,30 +527,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Sudan has experienced protracted social conflict and the loss of three quarters of its oil production due to the secession of South Sudan. The oil sector had driven much of Sudan's GDP growth since 1999. For nearly a decade, the economy boomed on the back of rising oil production, high oil prices, and significant inflows of foreign direct investment. Since the economic shock of South Sudan's secession, Sudan has struggled to stabilize its economy and make up for the loss of foreign exchange earnings. The interruption of oil production in South Sudan in 2012 for over a year and the consequent loss of oil transit fees further exacerbated the fragile state of Sudan's economy. Ongoing conflicts in Southern Kordofan, Darfur, and the Blue Nile states, lack of basic infrastructure in large areas, and reliance by much of the population on subsistence agriculture, keep close to half of the population at or below the poverty line. ++ Sudan was subject to comprehensive US sanctions, which were lifted in October 2017. Sudan is attempting to develop non-oil sources of revenues, such as gold mining and agriculture, while carrying out an austerity program to reduce expenditures. The world's largest exporter of gum Arabic, Sudan produces 75-80% of the world's total output. Agriculture continues to employ 80% of the work force. ++ Sudan introduced a new currency, still called the Sudanese pound, following South Sudan's secession, but the value of the currency has fallen since its introduction. Khartoum formally devalued the currency in June 2012, when it passed austerity measures that included gradually repealing fuel subsidies. Sudan also faces high inflation, which reached 47% on an annual basis in November 2012 but fell to about 35% per year in 2017. (2017)" }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$177.4 billion (2017 est.) / $174.9 billion (2016 est.) / $169.8 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 71 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$45.82 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.4% (2017 est.) / 3% (2016 est.) / 1.3% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 160 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "50.2% (2019 est.) / 62.8% (2018 est.) / 32.5% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 225 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$166.883 billion (2019 est.) / $171.259 billion (2018 est.) / $175.328 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$24.918 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$4,300 (2017 est.) / $4,400 (2016 est.) / $4,400 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 174 + "text": "$1,929 (2019 est.) / $2,028 (2018 est.) / $2,126 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "12.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / 13.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 12.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 149 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "39.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "2.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "57.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "77.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -572,16 +585,8 @@ "text": "-11.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "39.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "2.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "57.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "19.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, gum Arabic, sugarcane, cassava (manioc, tapioca), mangoes, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame seeds; animal feed, sheep and other livestock" @@ -610,7 +615,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "19.6% (2017 est.) / 20.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 187 + "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "46.5% (2009 est.)" @@ -646,17 +651,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "32.4% (2017 est.) / 17.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 223 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$4.811 billion (2017 est.) / -$4.213 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 183 }, "Exports": { "text": "$4.1 billion (2017 est.) / $3.094 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 116 + "country comparison to the world": 122 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "UAE 55.5%, Egypt 14.7%, Saudi Arabia 8.8% (2017)" @@ -666,7 +667,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$8.22 billion (2017 est.) / $7.48 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 109 + "country comparison to the world": 116 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines, chemicals, textiles, wheat" @@ -723,7 +724,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "44% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 162 + "country comparison to the world": 161 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -970,7 +971,7 @@ "text": "the SAF's inventory includes a mix of Chinese, Russian, Soviet, Ukrainian, and domestically-produced weapons systems; since 2010, the leading arms providers to the SAF are Belarus, China, Russia, and Ukraine; Sudan has a domestic arms industry that manufactures ammunition, small arms, and armored vehicles, largely based on older Chinese and Russian systems (2019 est.)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "estimates vary; approximately 1,000 Libya; approximately 1-3,000 Yemen (Dec 2019)" + "text": "estimates vary; approximately 1,000-3,000 Libya; approximately 1,000-2,000 Yemen (2020)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-33 years of age for male and female compulsory or voluntary military service; 1-2 year service obligation (2013)" diff --git a/africa/to.json b/africa/to.json index ea180cf4..e0c93e05 100644 --- a/africa/to.json +++ b/africa/to.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "2,400 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 127 + "country comparison to the world": 126 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than West Virginia" @@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ "female": { "text": "20.3 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "country comparison to the world": 196 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.56% (2020 est.)", @@ -186,11 +186,11 @@ }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 145 + "country comparison to the world": 144 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 97 + "country comparison to the world": 96 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "one of the more densely populated African nations with most of the population residing in rural communities, density is highest in the south on or near the Atlantic coast as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ "female": { "text": "32.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 41 + "country comparison to the world": 40 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -334,8 +334,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 39 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 63 + "text": "5.4% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 41 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -545,30 +545,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Togo has enjoyed a period of steady economic growth fueled by political stability and a concerted effort by the government to modernize the country's commercial infrastructure, but discontent with President Faure GNASSINGBE has led to a rapid rise in protests, creating downside risks. The country completed an ambitious large-scale infrastructure improvement program, including new principal roads, a new airport terminal, and a new seaport. The economy depends heavily on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, providing employment for around 60% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton and other agricultural products generate about 20% of export earnings with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is among the world's largest producers of phosphate and seeks to develop its carbonate phosphate reserves, which provide more than 20% of export earnings. ++ Supported by the World Bank and the IMF, the government's decade-long effort to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Togo completed its IMF Extended Credit Facility in 2011 and reached a Heavily Indebted Poor Country debt relief completion point in 2010 at which 95% of the country's debt was forgiven. Togo continues to work with the IMF on structural reforms, and in January 2017, the IMF signed an Extended Credit Facility arrangement consisting of a three-year $238 million loan package. Progress depends on follow through on privatization, increased transparency in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors. ++ Togo's 2017 economic growth probably remained steady at 5.0%, largely driven by infusions of foreign aid, infrastructure investment in its port and mineral industry, and improvements in the business climate. Foreign direct investment inflows have slowed in recent years." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$12.97 billion (2017 est.) / $12.42 billion (2016 est.) / $11.82 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 155 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.767 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4.4% (2017 est.) / 5.1% (2016 est.) / 5.7% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 63 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.6% (2019 est.) / 0.9% (2018 est.) / -0.9% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 50 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B3 (2019)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$11.38 billion (2018 est.) / $12.97 billion (2017 est.) / $10.85 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$5.232 billion (2018 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,700 (2017 est.) / $1,600 (2016 est.) / $1,600 (2015 est.)", + "text": "$672 (2018 est.) / $1,700 (2017 est.) / $657 (2017 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 218 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "16.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / 21.8% of GDP (2016 est.) / 21.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 129 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "28.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "21.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "49.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "84.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -589,16 +611,8 @@ "text": "-61% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "28.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "21.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "49.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "63.7 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (manioc, tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish" @@ -627,7 +641,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "6.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 110 + "country comparison to the world": 111 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "55.1% (2015 est.)" @@ -663,17 +677,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.7% (2017 est.) / 0.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 4 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$383 million (2017 est.) / -$416 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 114 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.046 billion (2017 est.) / $967.4 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 158 + "text": "$1.862 billion (2018 est.) / $1.881 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 146 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Benin 16.7%, Burkina Faso 15.2%, Niger 8.9%, India 7.3%, Mali 6.7%, Ghana 5.5%, Cote dIvoire 5.4%, Nigeria 4.1% (2017)" @@ -682,8 +692,8 @@ "text": "reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.999 billion (2017 est.) / $2 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 167 + "text": "$2.911 billion (2018 est.) / $2.789 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 156 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products" @@ -740,7 +750,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "70% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 110 + "country comparison to the world": 109 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/tp.json b/africa/tp.json index 1a89a92e..40789da7 100644 --- a/africa/tp.json +++ b/africa/tp.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 185 + "country comparison to the world": 184 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "more than five times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "211,122 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 184 + "country comparison to the world": 183 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -166,11 +166,11 @@ "female": { "text": "19.7 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.58% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 65 + "country comparison to the world": 64 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "29.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -178,11 +178,11 @@ }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 153 + "country comparison to the world": 152 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-7.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "Sao Tome, the capital city, has roughly a quarter of the nation's population; Santo Antonio is the largest town on Principe; the northern areas of both islands have the highest population densities as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ "female": { "text": "39.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 36 + "country comparison to the world": 35 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -319,8 +319,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 69 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.9% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 68 + "text": "5.1% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 56 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -513,30 +513,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy of São Tomé and Príncipe is small, based mainly on agricultural production, and, since independence in 1975, increasingly dependent on the export of cocoa beans. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement. Sao Tome depends heavily on imports of food, fuels, most manufactured goods, and consumer goods, and changes in commodity prices affect the country's inflation rate. Maintaining control of inflation, fiscal discipline, and increasing flows of foreign direct investment into the nascent oil sector are major economic problems facing the country. In recent years the government has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. In 2017, several business-related laws were enacted that aim to improve the business climate. ++ São Tomé and Príncipe has had difficulty servicing its external debt and has relied heavily on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. In April 2011, the country completed a Threshold Country Program with The Millennium Challenge Corporation to help increase tax revenues, reform customs, and improve the business environment. In 2016, Sao Tome and Portugal signed a five-year cooperation agreement worth approximately $64 million, some of which will be provided as loans. In 2017, China and São Tomé signed a mutual cooperation agreement in areas such as infrastructure, health, and agriculture worth approximately $146 million over five years. ++ Considerable potential exists for development of tourism, and the government has taken steps to expand tourist facilities in recent years. Potential also exists for the development of petroleum resources in São Tomé and Príncipe's territorial waters in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea, some of which are being jointly developed in a 60-40 split with Nigeria, but production is at least several years off. ++ Volatile aid and investment inflows have limited growth, and poverty remains high. Restricteded capacity at the main port increases the periodic risk of shortages of consumer goods. Contract enforcement in the country's judicial system is difficult. The IMF in late 2016 expressed concern about vulnerabilities in the country's banking sector, although the country plans some austerity measures in line with IMF recommendations under their three year extended credit facility. Deforestation, coastal erosion, poor waste management, and misuse of natural resources also are challenging issues." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$686 million (2017 est.) / $660.4 million (2016 est.) / $633.9 million (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 208 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$393 million (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "3.9% (2017 est.) / 4.2% (2016 est.) / 3.8% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 76 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "7.8% (2018 est.) / 5.6% (2017 est.) / 5.7% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 198 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$737 million (2019 est.) / $719 million (2018 est.) / $701 million (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$0 (2018 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,200 (2017 est.) / $3,200 (2016 est.) / $3,100 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 191 + "text": "$1 (2019 est.) / $1 (2018 est.) / $1 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 227 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "18.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 21% of GDP (2016 est.) / 19.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 107 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "11.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "14.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "73.4% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "81.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -557,16 +571,8 @@ "text": "-40.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "11.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "14.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "73.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "66.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish" @@ -580,7 +586,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "72,600 (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 186 + "country comparison to the world": 185 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -595,7 +601,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "12.2% (2017 est.) / 12.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 166 + "country comparison to the world": 167 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "66.2% (2009 est.)" @@ -631,10 +637,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5.7% (2017 est.) / 5.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 182 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$32 million (2017 est.) / -$23 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 76 @@ -701,11 +703,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "18,100 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "88% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 60 + "country comparison to the world": 59 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -741,7 +743,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "1,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -749,7 +751,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "1,027 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -773,7 +775,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "148,100 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 203 } }, "Communications": { @@ -846,7 +848,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "2 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/africa/ts.json b/africa/ts.json index 168b4614..2d7e8d4f 100644 --- a/africa/ts.json +++ b/africa/ts.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "8,250 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 94 + "country comparison to the world": 93 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than Georgia" @@ -180,19 +180,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.85% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 124 + "country comparison to the world": 123 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "15.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 112 + "country comparison to the world": 111 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 146 + "country comparison to the world": 145 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 154 + "country comparison to the world": 153 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the overwhelming majority of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the south remains largely underpopulated as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ "female": { "text": "9.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 124 + "country comparison to the world": 123 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.06 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 105 + "country comparison to the world": 104 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "50.7% (2018)" @@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.6% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 19 + "country comparison to the world": 18 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -519,30 +519,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Tunisia's economy – structurally designed to favor vested interests – faced an array of challenges exposed by the 2008 global financial crisis that helped precipitate the 2011 Arab Spring revolution. After the revolution and a series of terrorist attacks, including on the country's tourism sector, barriers to economic inclusion continued to add to slow economic growth and high unemployment. ++ Following an ill-fated experiment with socialist economic policies in the 1960s, Tunisia focused on bolstering exports, foreign investment, and tourism, all of which have become central to the country's economy. Key exports now include textiles and apparel, food products, petroleum products, chemicals, and phosphates, with about 80% of exports bound for Tunisia's main economic partner, the EU. Tunisia's strategy, coupled with investments in education and infrastructure, fueled decades of 4-5% annual GDP growth and improved living standards. Former President Zine el Abidine BEN ALI (1987-2011) continued these policies, but as his reign wore on cronyism and corruption stymied economic performance, unemployment rose, and the informal economy grew. Tunisia's economy became less and less inclusive. These grievances contributed to the January 2011 overthrow of BEN ALI, further depressing Tunisia's economy as tourism and investment declined sharply. ++ Tunisia's government remains under pressure to boost economic growth quickly to mitigate chronic socio-economic challenges, especially high levels of youth unemployment, which has persisted since the 2011 revolution. Successive terrorist attacks against the tourism sector and worker strikes in the phosphate sector, which combined account for nearly 15% of GDP, slowed growth from 2015 to 2017. Tunis is seeking increased foreign investment and working with the IMF through an Extended Fund Facility agreement to fix fiscal deficiencies." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$137.7 billion (2017 est.) / $135 billion (2016 est.) / $133.5 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 78 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$39.96 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2% (2017 est.) / 1.1% (2016 est.) / 1.2% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 140 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "6.7% (2019 est.) / 7.2% (2018 est.) / 5.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 194 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B2 (2018)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "N/A (2013)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$137.7 billion (2017 est.) / $135 billion (2016 est.) / $133.5 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$38.884 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$11,900 (2017 est.) / $11,800 (2016 est.) / $11,800 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 131 + "country comparison to the world": 108 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "12% of GDP (2017 est.) / 13.4% of GDP (2016 est.) / 12.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 152 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "10.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "26.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "63.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "71.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -563,16 +588,8 @@ "text": "-55.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "10.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "26.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "63.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "74.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "olives, olive oil, grain, tomatoes, citrus fruit, sugar beets, dates, almonds; beef, dairy products" @@ -601,7 +618,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "15.5% (2017 est.) / 15.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 176 + "country comparison to the world": 177 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "15.5% (2010 est.)" @@ -637,17 +654,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5.3% (2017 est.) / 3.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 176 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$4.191 billion (2017 est.) / -$3.694 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 180 }, "Exports": { "text": "$13.82 billion (2017 est.) / $13.57 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 78 + "country comparison to the world": 87 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "France 32.1%, Italy 17.3%, Germany 12.4% (2017)" @@ -657,7 +670,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$19.09 billion (2017 est.) / $18.37 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 79 + "country comparison to the world": 86 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "textiles, machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, foodstuffs" @@ -674,7 +687,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 79 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Tunisian dinars (TND) per US dollar - / 2.48 (2017 est.) / 2.148 (2016 est.) / 2.148 (2015 est.) / 1.9617 (2014 est.) / 1.6976 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Tunisian dinars (TND) per US dollar - / 2.71795 (2020 est.) / 2.8518 (2019 est.) / 2.95875 (2018 est.) / 1.9617 (2014 est.) / 1.6976 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -705,7 +718,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "94% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 49 + "country comparison to the world": 48 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/tz.json b/africa/tz.json index e511e7ae..7afe9e4b 100644 --- a/africa/tz.json +++ b/africa/tz.json @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ "female": { "text": "18.4 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.71% (2020 est.)", @@ -188,11 +188,11 @@ }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 123 + "country comparison to the world": 122 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 126 + "country comparison to the world": 125 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the largest and most populous East African country; population distribution is extremely uneven, but greater population clusters occur in the northern half of country and along the east coast as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "female": { "text": "34.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 43 + "country comparison to the world": 42 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ "female": { "text": "65.5 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "4.59 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.4% of GDP (2014)", - "country comparison to the world": 127 + "country comparison to the world": 121 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -545,30 +545,49 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Tanzania has achieved high growth rates based on its vast natural resource wealth and tourism with GDP growth in 2009-17 averaging 6%-7% per year. Dar es Salaam used fiscal stimulus measures and easier monetary policies to lessen the impact of the global recession and in general, benefited from low oil prices. Tanzania has largely completed its transition to a market economy, though the government retains a presence in sectors such as telecommunications, banking, energy, and mining. ++ The economy depends on agriculture, which accounts for slightly less than one-quarter of GDP and employs about 65% of the work force, although gold production in recent years has increased to about 35% of exports. All land in Tanzania is owned by the government, which can lease land for up to 99 years. Proposed reforms to allow for land ownership, particularly foreign land ownership, remain unpopular. ++ The financial sector in Tanzania has expanded in recent years and foreign-owned banks account for about 48% of the banking industry's total assets. Competition among foreign commercial banks has resulted in significant improvements in the efficiency and quality of financial services, though interest rates are still relatively high, reflecting high fraud risk. Banking reforms have helped increase private-sector growth and investment. ++ The World Bank, the IMF, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's aging infrastructure, including rail and port, which provide important trade links for inland countries. In 2013, Tanzania completed the world's largest Millennium Challenge Compact (MCC) grant, worth $698 million, but in late 2015, the MCC Board of Directors deferred a decision to renew Tanzania's eligibility because of irregularities in voting in Zanzibar and concerns over the government's use of a controversial cybercrime bill. ++ The new government elected in 2015 has developed an ambitious development agenda focused on creating a better business environment through improved infrastructure, access to financing, and education progress, but implementing budgets remains challenging for the government. Recent policy moves by President MAGUFULI are aimed at protecting domestic industry and have caused concern among foreign investors." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$162.5 billion (2017 est.) / $153.3 billion (2016 est.) / $143.3 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 75 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "6.98% (2019 est.) / 6.95% (2018 est.) / 6.78% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 17 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "3.4% (2019 est.) / 3.5% (2018 est.) / 5.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 154 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B2 (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$159.821 billion (2019 est.) / $149.396 billion (2018 est.) / $139.685 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$51.76 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.98% (2019 est.) / 6.95% (2018 est.) / 6.78% (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 18 + "text": "$60.633 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,200 (2017 est.) / $3,100 (2016 est.) / $3,000 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "text": "$959 (2019 est.) / $923 (2018 est.) / $889 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "25% of GDP (2017 est.) / 23.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 24.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 60 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "23.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "28.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "47.6% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "62.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -589,16 +608,8 @@ "text": "-20.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "23.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "28.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "47.6% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "20.2 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, wheat, cassava (manioc, tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats" @@ -627,7 +638,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "10.3% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 150 + "country comparison to the world": 151 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "22.8% (2015 est.)" @@ -663,16 +674,12 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5.3% (2017 est.) / 5.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 175 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.313 billion (2019 est.) / -$1.898 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 155 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$4.971 billion (2017 est.) / $5.697 billion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$7.827 billion (2017 est.) / $5.697 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 107 }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -682,8 +689,8 @@ "text": "gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$7.869 billion (2017 est.) / $8.464 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 111 + "text": "$9.972 billion (2017 est.) / $8.464 billion (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 109 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil" @@ -701,7 +708,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 97 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Tanzanian shillings (TZS) per US dollar - / 2,243.8 (2017 est.) / 2,177.1 (2016 est.) / 2,177.1 (2015 est.) / 1,989.7 (2014 est.) / 1,654 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Tanzanian shillings (TZS) per US dollar - / 2,319 (2020 est.) / 2,300 (2019 est.) / 2,299.155 (2018 est.) / 1,989.7 (2014 est.) / 1,654 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -741,7 +748,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "55% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 141 + "country comparison to the world": 140 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -1007,7 +1014,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "154,163 (Burundi), 77,898 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2020)" + "text": "149,847 (Burundi), 77,898 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2020)" } }, "Trafficking in persons": { diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index 967aa824..982a745a 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "43,938 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 82 + "country comparison to the world": 81 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly more than two times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oregon" @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ "female": { "text": "16.5 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 227 + "country comparison to the world": 226 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "3.34% (2020 est.)", @@ -177,11 +177,11 @@ }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "country comparison to the world": 192 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-3.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 184 + "country comparison to the world": 183 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population density is relatively high in comparison to other African nations; most of the population is concentrated in the central and southern parts of the country, particularly along the shores of Lake Victoria and Lake Albert; the northeast is least populated as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "female": { "text": "28.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 47 + "country comparison to the world": 46 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -322,8 +322,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 62 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.6% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 157 + "text": "2.1% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 161 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Alliance for National Transformation or ANT [Ms. Alice ALASO, acting national coordinator]; note - Mugisha MUNTU resigned his position as ANT national coordinator in late June 2020 to run in the 2021 presidential election ++ Democratic Party or DP [Norbert MAO] ++ Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Patrick Oboi AMURIAT] ++ Justice Forum or JEEMA [Asuman BASALIRWA] ++ National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI] ++ Uganda People's Congress or UPC [James AKENA]" + "text": "Alliance for National Transformation or ANT [Ms. Alice ALASO, acting national coordinator]; note - Mugisha MUNTU resigned his position as ANT national coordinator in late June 2020 to run in the 2021 presidential election ++ Activist Party [Stephen BAMPIGGA] ++ Democratic Party or DP [Norbert MAO] ++ Conservative Party [Walyemera Daniel MASUMBA] ++ Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Patrick Oboi AMURIAT] ++ Justice Forum or JEEMA [Asuman BASALIRWA] ++ National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI] ++ Uganda People's Congress or UPC [James AKENA] ++ National Unity Platform [Nkonge KIBALAMA]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -523,30 +523,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, substantial reserves of recoverable oil, and small deposits of copper, gold, and other minerals. Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the economy, employing 72% of the work force. The country's export market suffered a major slump following the outbreak of conflict in South Sudan, but has recovered lately, largely due to record coffee harvests, which account for 16% of exports, and increasing gold exports, which account for 10% of exports. Uganda has a small industrial sector that is dependent on imported inputs such as refined oil and heavy equipment. Overall, productivity is hampered by a number of supply-side constraints, including insufficient infrastructure, lack of modern technology in agriculture, and corruption. ++ Uganda's economic growth has slowed since 2016 as government spending and public debt has grown. Uganda's budget is dominated by energy and road infrastructure spending, while Uganda relies on donor support for long-term drivers of growth, including agriculture, health, and education. The largest infrastructure projects are externally financed through concessional loans, but at inflated costs. As a result, debt servicing for these loans is expected to rise. ++ Oil revenues and taxes are expected to become a larger source of government funding as oil production starts in the next three to 10 years. Over the next three to five years, foreign investors are planning to invest $9 billion in production facilities projects, $4 billion in an export pipeline, as well as in a $2-3 billion refinery to produce petroleum products for the domestic and East African Community markets. Furthermore, the government is looking to build several hundred million dollars' worth of highway projects to the oil region. ++ Uganda faces many economic challenges. Instability in South Sudan has led to a sharp increase in Sudanese refugees and is disrupting Uganda's main export market. Additional economic risks include: poor economic management, endemic corruption, and the government's failure to invest adequately in the health, education, and economic opportunities for a burgeoning young population. Uganda has one of the lowest electrification rates in Africa - only 22% of Ugandans have access to electricity, dropping to 10% in rural areas." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$89.19 billion (2017 est.) / $85.07 billion (2016 est.) / $83.14 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 89 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$26.62 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4.8% (2017 est.) / 2.3% (2016 est.) / 5.7% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 56 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.8% (2019 est.) / 2.6% (2018 est.) / 5.6% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 145 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B+ (2015)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B2 (2016)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B (2014)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$89.19 billion (2017 est.) / $85.07 billion (2016 est.) / $83.14 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$34.683 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$2,400 (2017 est.) / $2,300 (2016 est.) / $2,300 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 186 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "20.6% of GDP (2017 est.) / 21.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 17.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 93 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "28.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "21.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "50.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "74.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -567,16 +592,8 @@ "text": "-25.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "28.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "21.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "50.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "66.7 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (manioc, tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses, cut flowers; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry, and fish" @@ -605,7 +622,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "9.4% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 142 + "country comparison to the world": 143 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "21.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -641,17 +658,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5.6% (2017 est.) / 5.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 181 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.212 billion (2017 est.) / -$707 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 151 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$3.339 billion (2017 est.) / $2.921 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 124 + "text": "$7.686 billion (2019 est.) / $6.511 billion (2018 est.) / $5.958 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 108 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Kenya 17.7%, UAE 16.7%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 6.6%, Rwanda 6.1%, Italy 4.8% (2017)" @@ -660,8 +673,8 @@ "text": "coffee, fish and fish products, tea, cotton, flowers, horticultural products; gold" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$5.036 billion (2017 est.) / $4.424 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 127 + "text": "$9.991 billion (2019 est.) / $8.006 billion (2018 est.) / $7.44 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 108 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals" @@ -679,7 +692,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 112 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Ugandan shillings (UGX) per US dollar - / 3,695 (2017 est.) / 3,420.1 (2016 est.) / 3,420.1 (2015 est.) / 3,234.1 (2014 est.) / 2,599.8 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Ugandan shillings (UGX) per US dollar - / 3,680 (2020 est.) / 3,685 (2019 est.) / 3,735 (2018 est.) / 3,234.1 (2014 est.) / 2,599.8 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -719,7 +732,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "19% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -968,7 +981,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "885,171 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 418,369 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 49,082 (Burundi), 41,850 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 17,239 (Rwanda) (refugees and asylum seekers), 14,865 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2020)" + "text": "887,832 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 418,369 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 49,554 (Burundi), 43,371 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 17,239 (Rwanda) (refugees and asylum seekers), 14,865 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2020)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "32,000 (displaced in northern Uganda because of fighting between government forces and the Lord's Resistance Army; as of 2011, most of the 1.8 million people displaced to IDP camps at the height of the conflict had returned home or resettled, but many had not found durable solutions; intercommunal violence, land disputes, and cattle raids) (2019)" diff --git a/africa/uv.json b/africa/uv.json index cbcbd8c5..e1af7d9b 100644 --- a/africa/uv.json +++ b/africa/uv.json @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ "female": { "text": "18.7 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.66% (2020 est.)", @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 128 + "country comparison to the world": 127 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "Most of the population is located in the center and south. Nearly one-third of the population lives in cities. The capital and largest city is Ouagadougou (Ouaga), with a population of 1.8 million as shown in this population distribution map (2019)" @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ "female": { "text": "64.5 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "4.51 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -328,8 +328,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 30 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.2% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 92 + "text": "5.4% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 38 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -456,21 +456,21 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second); election last held on 29 November 2015 (next to be held November 2020); prime minister appointed by the president with consent of the National Assembly" + "text": "president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second); last held on 22 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2025); prime minister appointed by the president with consent of the National Assembly" }, "election results": { - "text": "Roch Marc Christian KABORE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Roch Marc Christian KABORE (MPP) 53.5%, Zephirin DIABRE (UPC) 29.6%, Tahirou BARRY (PAREN) 3.1%, Benewende Stanislas SANKARA (UNIR-MS) 2.8%, other 10.9%" + "text": "Roch Marc Christian KABORE reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Roch Marc Christian KABORE (MPP) 57.9%, Eddie KOMBOIGO (CDP) 15.5%, Zephirin DIABRE (UPC)12.5%, other 14.1%" } }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Assembly (127 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)" + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (127 seats; 111 members directly elected in 13 multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote and 26 members elected in a nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; all member serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 29 November 2015 (next to be held on 22 November 2020)" + "text": "last held on 22 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2025)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MPP 55, UPC 33, CDP 18, Union for Rebirth-Sankarist Party 5, ADF/RDA 3, NTD 3, other 10; composition - men 115, women 12, percent of women 9.4%" + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party (preliminary results) - MPP 56, CDP 20, NTD 13, UPC 12" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -539,30 +539,49 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Burkina Faso is a poor, landlocked country that depends on adequate rainfall. Irregular patterns of rainfall, poor soil, and the lack of adequate communications and other infrastructure contribute to the economy's vulnerability to external shocks. About 80% of the population is engaged in subsistence farming and cotton is the main cash crop. The country has few natural resources and a weak industrial base. ++ Cotton and gold are Burkina Faso's key exports - gold has accounted for about three-quarters of the country's total export revenues. Burkina Faso's economic growth and revenue depends largely on production levels and global prices for the two commodities. The country has seen an upswing in gold exploration, production, and exports. ++ In 2016, the government adopted a new development strategy, set forth in the 2016-2020 National Plan for Economic and Social Development, that aims to reduce poverty, build human capital, and to satisfy basic needs. A new three-year IMF program (2018-2020), approved in 2018, will allow the government to reduce the budget deficit and preserve critical spending on social services and priority public investments. ++ While the end of the political crisis has allowed Burkina Faso's economy to resume positive growth, the country's fragile security situation could put these gains at risk. Political insecurity in neighboring Mali, unreliable energy supplies, and poor transportation links pose long-term challenges." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$35.85 billion (2017 est.) / $33.69 billion (2016 est.) / $31.81 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 126 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "6.4% (2017 est.) / 5.9% (2016 est.) / 3.9% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 24 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-3.2% (2019 est.) / 1.9% (2018 est.) / 1.4% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 1 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B (2017)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$38.749 billion (2019 est.) / $36.663 billion (2018 est.) / $34.323 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$12.57 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.4% (2017 est.) / 5.9% (2016 est.) / 3.9% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 25 + "text": "$14.271 billion (2018 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,900 (2017 est.) / $1,800 (2016 est.) / $1,800 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "text": "$821 (2019 est.) / $800 (2018 est.) / $770 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "9.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 8.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 5.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 164 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "31% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "23.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "44.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "56.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -583,16 +602,8 @@ "text": "-34.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "31% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "23.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "44.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "51.4 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cotton, peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock" @@ -619,7 +630,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "77% (2004)", - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "country comparison to the world": 219 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "40.1% (2009 est.)" @@ -655,17 +666,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.4% (2017 est.) / -0.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 22 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.019 billion (2017 est.) / -$820 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 146 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$3.14 billion (2017 est.) / $2.641 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 128 + "text": "$3.902 billion (2018 est.) / $3.954 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 124 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Switzerland 44.9%, India 15.6%, South Africa 11.3%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.9% (2017)" @@ -674,8 +681,8 @@ "text": "gold, cotton, livestock" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$3.305 billion (2017 est.) / $2.827 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 144 + "text": "$5.294 billion (2019 est.) / $5.381 billion (2018 est.) / $5.3 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 135 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "capital goods, foodstuffs, petroleum" @@ -732,7 +739,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "80% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 82 + "country comparison to the world": 81 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/wa.json b/africa/wa.json index 6b1498b8..59a05bbe 100644 --- a/africa/wa.json +++ b/africa/wa.json @@ -181,19 +181,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.86% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 55 + "country comparison to the world": 54 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "25.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 48 + "country comparison to the world": 47 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 116 + "country comparison to the world": 115 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 92 + "country comparison to the world": 91 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population density is very low, with the largest clustering found in the extreme north-central area along the border with Angola as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ "female": { "text": "29.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 52 + "country comparison to the world": 51 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "3.07 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 49 + "country comparison to the world": 48 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "56.1% (2013)" @@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.1% of GDP (2014)", - "country comparison to the world": 135 + "country comparison to the world": 131 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -533,30 +533,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Namibia's economy is heavily dependent on the extraction and processing of minerals for export. Mining accounts for about 12.5% of GDP, but provides more than 50% of foreign exchange earnings. Rich alluvial diamond deposits make Namibia a primary source for gem-quality diamonds. Marine diamond mining is increasingly important as the terrestrial diamond supply has dwindled. The rising cost of mining diamonds, especially from the sea, combined with increased diamond production in Russia and China, has reduced profit margins. Namibian authorities have emphasized the need to add value to raw materials, do more in-country manufacturing, and exploit the services market, especially in the logistics and transportation sectors. ++ Namibia is one of the world's largest producers of uranium. The Chinese-owned Husab uranium mine began producing uranium ore in 2017, and is expected to reach full production in August 2018 and produce 15 million pounds of uranium a year. Namibia also produces large quantities of zinc and is a smaller producer of gold and copper. Namibia's economy remains vulnerable to world commodity price fluctuations and drought. ++ Namibia normally imports about 50% of its cereal requirements; in drought years, food shortages are problematic in rural areas. A high per capita GDP, relative to the region, obscures one of the world's most unequal income distributions; the current government has prioritized exploring wealth redistribution schemes while trying to maintain a pro-business environment. GDP growth in 2017 slowed to about 1%, however, due to contractions in both the construction and mining sectors, as well as an ongoing drought. Growth is expected to recover modestly in 2018. ++ A five-year Millennium Challenge Corporation compact ended in September 2014. As an upper middle income country, Namibia is ineligible for a second compact. The Namibian economy is closely linked to South Africa with the Namibian dollar pegged one-to-one to the South African rand. Namibia receives 30%-40% of its revenues from the Southern African Customs Union (SACU); volatility in the size of Namibia's annual SACU allotment and global mineral prices complicates budget planning." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$26.6 billion (2017 est.) / $26.81 billion (2016 est.) / $26.62 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 139 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$13.24 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "-1.56% (2019 est.) / 1.13% (2018 est.) / -1.02% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 203 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "3.7% (2019 est.) / 4.2% (2018 est.) / 6.1% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 162 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB (2019)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba3 (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$30.89 billion (2019 est.) / $31.408 billion (2018 est.) / $31.068 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$12.372 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$11,200 (2017 est.) / $11,500 (2016 est.) / $11,700 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 135 + "text": "$7,873 (2019 est.) / $8,157 (2018 est.) / $8,222 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 130 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "16.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 9.6% of GDP (2016 est.) / 19.1% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 125 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "6.7% (2016 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "26.3% (2016 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "67% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "68.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -577,16 +599,8 @@ "text": "-47.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "6.7% (2016 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "26.3% (2016 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "67% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "72.2 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "millet, sorghum, peanuts, grapes; livestock; fish" @@ -616,7 +630,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "34% (2016 est.) / 28.1% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "28.7% (2010 est.)" @@ -652,17 +666,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "6.1% (2017 est.) / 6.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 187 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$216 million (2019 est.) / -$465 million (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 101 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$3.995 billion (2017 est.) / $4.003 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 117 + "text": "$6.087 billion (2019 est.) / $6.225 billion (2018 est.) / $5.347 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 111 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "South Africa 27.1%, Botswana 14.9%, Switzerland 12%, Zambia 5.7%, China 4.6%, Italy 4.4% (2017)" @@ -671,8 +681,8 @@ "text": "diamonds, copper, gold, zinc, lead, uranium; cattle, white fish and mollusks" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$5.384 billion (2017 est.) / $5.625 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 123 + "text": "$9.921 billion (2019 est.) / $9.611 billion (2018 est.) / $9.249 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 110 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs; petroleum products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals" @@ -729,7 +739,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "28% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 187 + "country comparison to the world": 186 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/wi.json b/africa/wi.json index 40db9e0f..be92089f 100644 --- a/africa/wi.json +++ b/africa/wi.json @@ -23,8 +23,7 @@ }, "water": { "text": "0 sq km" - }, - "country comparison to the world": 79 + } }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about the size of Colorado" @@ -96,8 +95,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "652,271 (July 2020 est.)", - "note": "note: estimate is based on projections by age, sex, fertility, mortality, and migration; fertility and mortality are based on data from neighboring countries", - "country comparison to the world": 168 + "note": "note: estimate is based on projections by age, sex, fertility, mortality, and migration; fertility and mortality are based on data from neighboring countries" }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -159,24 +157,19 @@ }, "female": { "text": "22.3 years (2020 est.)" - }, - "country comparison to the world": 184 + } }, "Population growth rate": { - "text": "2.54% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 22 + "text": "2.54% (2020 est.)" }, "Birth rate": { - "text": "28 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 38 + "text": "28 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)" }, "Death rate": { - "text": "7.7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 100 + "text": "7.7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)" }, "Net migration rate": { - "text": "4.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 25 + "text": "4.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)" }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population lives in the two-thirds of the area west of the berm (Moroccan-occupied) that divides the territory; about 40% of that populace resides in Laayoune as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -224,8 +217,7 @@ }, "female": { "text": "43.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" - }, - "country comparison to the world": 26 + } }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -236,12 +228,10 @@ }, "female": { "text": "67 years (2020 est.)" - }, - "country comparison to the world": 202 + } }, "Total fertility rate": { - "text": "3.65 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 38 + "text": "3.65 children born/woman (2020 est.)" }, "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -292,7 +282,7 @@ "note": "none" }, "International organization participation": { - "text": "AU, CAN (observer), WFTU (NGOs)" + "text": "AU, WFTU (NGOs)" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "note": "none" @@ -302,22 +292,23 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Western Sahara has a small market-based economy whose main industries are fishing, phosphate mining, tourism, and pastoral nomadism. The territory's arid desert climate makes sedentary agriculture difficult, and much of its food is imported. The Moroccan Government administers Western Sahara's economy and is a key source of employment, infrastructure development, and social spending in the territory. ++ Western Sahara's unresolved legal status makes the exploitation of its natural resources a contentious issue between Morocco and the Polisario. Morocco and the EU in December 2013 finalized a four-year agreement allowing European vessels to fish off the coast of Morocco, including disputed waters off the coast of Western Sahara. As of April 2018, Moroccan and EU authorities were negotiating an amendment to renew the agreement. ++ Oil has never been found in Western Sahara in commercially significant quantities, but Morocco and the Polisario have quarreled over rights to authorize and benefit from oil exploration in the territory. Western Sahara's main long-term economic challenge is the development of a more diverse set of industries capable of providing greater employment and income to the territory. However, following King MOHAMMED VI's November 2015 visit to Western Sahara, the Government of Morocco announced a series of investments aimed at spurring economic activity in the region, while the General Confederation of Moroccan Enterprises announced a $609 million investment initiative in the region in March 2015." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$906.5 million (2007 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "note": "NA" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "note": "NA" + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$906.5 million (2007 est.)" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "NA" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "note": "NA" - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,500 (2007 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "text": "$2,500 (2007 est.)" }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -330,6 +321,8 @@ "text": "40% (2007 est.)" } }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases); camels, sheep, goats (kept by nomads); fish" }, @@ -340,8 +333,7 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "144,000 (2010 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 177 + "text": "144,000 (2010 est.)" }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -385,9 +377,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "note": "NA" - }, "Exports": { "note": "NA" }, @@ -409,96 +398,73 @@ }, "Energy": { "Electricity - production": { - "text": "0 kWh NA (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 220 + "text": "0 kWh NA (2016 est.)" }, "Electricity - consumption": { - "text": "0 kWh (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 219 + "text": "0 kWh (2016 est.)" }, "Electricity - exports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "text": "0 kWh (2016 est.)" }, "Electricity - imports": { - "text": "0 kWh (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "text": "0 kWh (2016 est.)" }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { - "text": "58,000 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 188 + "text": "58,000 kW (2016 est.)" }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { - "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 22 + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)" }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)" }, "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)" }, "Electricity - from other renewable sources": { - "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)" }, "Crude oil - production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)" }, "Crude oil - exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Crude oil - imports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Crude oil - proved reserves": { - "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - production": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { - "text": "1,700 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "text": "1,700 bbl/day (2016 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { - "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { - "text": "1,702 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "text": "1,702 bbl/day (2015 est.)" }, "Natural gas - production": { - "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)" }, "Natural gas - consumption": { - "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)" }, "Natural gas - exports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)" }, "Natural gas - imports": { - "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)" }, "Natural gas - proved reserves": { - "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)" }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { - "text": "268,400 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "text": "268,400 Mt (2017 est.)" } }, "Communications": { @@ -520,8 +486,7 @@ }, "Transportation": { "Airports": { - "text": "6 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 179 + "text": "6 (2013)" }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/africa/wz.json b/africa/wz.json index d0004cb3..18306d93 100644 --- a/africa/wz.json +++ b/africa/wz.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "160 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 159 + "country comparison to the world": 158 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than New Jersey" @@ -172,11 +172,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.77% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 132 + "country comparison to the world": 131 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "24.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 50 + "country comparison to the world": 49 }, "Death rate": { "text": "10.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-6.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "because of its mountainous terrain, the population distribution is uneven throughout the country, concentrating primarily in valleys and plains as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ "female": { "text": "38.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 32 + "country comparison to the world": 31 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -249,11 +249,11 @@ "female": { "text": "60.7 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 220 + "country comparison to the world": 219 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.52 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 71 + "country comparison to the world": 70 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "66.1% (2014)" @@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "7.1% of GDP (2014)", - "country comparison to the world": 13 + "country comparison to the world": 12 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -526,30 +526,49 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "A small, landlocked kingdom, Eswatini is bordered in the north, west and south by the Republic of South Africa and by Mozambique in the east. Eswatini depends on South Africa for a majority of its exports and imports. Eswatini's currency is pegged to the South African rand, effectively relinquishing Eswatini's monetary policy to South Africa. The government is dependent on customs duties from the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) for almost half of its revenue. Eswatini is a lower middle income country. As of 2017, more than one-quarter of the adult population was infected by HIV/AIDS; Eswatini has the world's highest HIV prevalence rate, a financial strain and source of economic instability. ++ The manufacturing sector diversified in the 1980s and 1990s, but manufacturing has grown little in the last decade. Sugar and soft drink concentrate are the largest foreign exchange earners, although a drought in 2015-16 decreased sugar production and exports. Overgrazing, soil depletion, drought, and floods are persistent problems. Mining has declined in importance in recent years. Coal, gold, diamond, and quarry stone mines are small scale, and the only iron ore mine closed in 2014. With an estimated 28% unemployment rate, Eswatini's need to increase the number and size of small and medium enterprises and to attract foreign direct investment is acute. ++ Eswatini's national development strategy, which expires in 2022, prioritizes increases in infrastructure, agriculture production, and economic diversification, while aiming to reduce poverty and government spending. Eswatini's revenue from SACU receipts are likely to continue to decline as South Africa pushes for a new distribution scheme, making it harder for the government to maintain fiscal balance without introducing new sources of revenue." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$11.6 billion (2017 est.) / $11.41 billion (2016 est.) / $11.26 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 157 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.417 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.6% (2017 est.) / 1.4% (2016 est.) / 0.4% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 152 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "6.2% (2017 est.) / 7.8% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 193 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B3 (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$10.316 billion (2019 est.) / $10.112 billion (2018 est.) / $9.88 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$4.484 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$10,100 (2017 est.) / $10,100 (2016 est.) / $10,100 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 139 + "text": "$4,821 (2019 est.) / $4,775 (2018 est.) / $4,713 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 158 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "25.4% of GDP (2017 est.) / 29.7% of GDP (2016 est.) / 23.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 59 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "6.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "45% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "48.6% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "64% (2017 est.)" @@ -570,16 +589,8 @@ "text": "-46.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "6.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "45% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "48.6% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "59.5 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "sugarcane, corn, cotton, citrus, pineapples, cattle, goats" @@ -608,7 +619,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "28% (2014 est.) / 28% (2013 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "63% (2010 est.)" @@ -644,17 +655,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "6.2% (2017 est.) / 7.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 188 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$604 million (2017 est.) / $642 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 54 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.83 billion (2017 est.) / $1.577 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 145 + "text": "$2.389 billion (2018 est.) / $2.154 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 138 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "South Africa 94% (2017)" @@ -663,8 +670,8 @@ "text": "soft drink concentrates, sugar, timber, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus, and canned fruit" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.451 billion (2017 est.) / $1.266 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 175 + "text": "$2.605 billion (2018 est.) / $2.853 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 161 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals" @@ -718,7 +725,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "39% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 172 + "country comparison to the world": 171 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/za.json b/africa/za.json index 39b178a6..d0a7995e 100644 --- a/africa/za.json +++ b/africa/za.json @@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ "female": { "text": "17 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 221 + "country comparison to the world": 220 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.89% (2020 est.)", @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 98 + "country comparison to the world": 97 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "one of the highest levels of urbanization in Africa; high density in the central area, particularly around the cities of Lusaka, Ndola, Kitwe, and Mufulira as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ "female": { "text": "55.3 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 226 + "country comparison to the world": 225 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "5.49 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -326,7 +326,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 55 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "4.6% of GDP NA (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 76 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -518,30 +519,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Zambia had one of the world's fastest growing economies for the ten years up to 2014, with real GDP growth averaging roughly 6.7% per annum, though growth slowed during the period 2015 to 2017, due to falling copper prices, reduced power generation, and depreciation of the kwacha. Zambia's lack of economic diversification and dependency on copper as its sole major export makes it vulnerable to fluctuations in the world commodities market and prices turned downward in 2015 due to declining demand from China; Zambia was overtaken by the Democratic Republic of Congo as Africa's largest copper producer. GDP growth picked up in 2017 as mineral prices rose. ++ Despite recent strong economic growth and its status as a lower middle-income country, widespread and extreme rural poverty and high unemployment levels remain significant problems, made worse by a high birth rate, a relatively high HIV/AIDS burden, by market-distorting agricultural and energy policies, and growing government debt. Zambia raised $7 billion from international investors by issuing separate sovereign bonds in 2012, 2014, and 2015. Concurrently, it issued over $4 billion in domestic debt and agreed to Chinese-financed infrastructure projects, significantly increasing the country's public debt burden to more than 60% of GDP. The government has considered refinancing $3 billion worth of Eurobonds and significant Chinese loans to cut debt servicing costs." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "3.4% (2017 est.) / 3.8% (2016 est.) / 2.9% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 88 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "9.1% (2019 est.) / 7.4% (2018 est.) / 6.5% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 205 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "RD (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ca (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "SD (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$68.93 billion (2017 est.) / $66.66 billion (2016 est.) / $64.25 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 102 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$25.71 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.4% (2017 est.) / 3.8% (2016 est.) / 2.9% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 88 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$4,000 (2017 est.) / $4,000 (2016 est.) / $4,000 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 178 + "country comparison to the world": 165 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "38.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 37.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / 38.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 11 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "7.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "35.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "57% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "52.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -562,16 +588,8 @@ "text": "-44.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "7.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "35.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "57% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "56.9 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seeds, vegetables, flowers, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (manioc, tapioca), coffee; cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides" @@ -600,7 +618,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "15% (2008 est.) / 50% (2000 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 175 + "country comparison to the world": 176 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "54.4% (2015 est.)" @@ -636,17 +654,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "6.6% (2017 est.) / 17.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 192 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.006 billion (2017 est.) / -$934 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 145 }, "Exports": { "text": "$8.216 billion (2017 est.) / $6.514 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 96 + "country comparison to the world": 106 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Switzerland 44.8%, China 16.1%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 6.2%, Singapore 6%, South Africa 5.9% (2017)" @@ -656,7 +670,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$7.852 billion (2017 est.) / $6.539 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 112 + "country comparison to the world": 118 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer, foodstuffs, clothing" @@ -673,7 +687,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 108 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Zambian kwacha (ZMK) per US dollar - / 9.2 (2017 est.) / 10.3 (2016 est.) / 10.3 (2015 est.) / 8.6 (2014 est.) / 6.2 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Zambian kwacha (ZMK) per US dollar - / 21.065 (2020 est.) / 15.3736 (2019 est.) / 11.855 (2018 est.) / 8.6 (2014 est.) / 6.2 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -713,11 +727,11 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "5% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": { "text": "93% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -729,11 +743,11 @@ }, "Crude oil - production": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 219 + "country comparison to the world": 218 }, "Crude oil - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Crude oil - imports": { "text": "12,860 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -741,7 +755,7 @@ }, "Crude oil - proved reserves": { "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Refined petroleum products - production": { "text": "13,120 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -761,23 +775,23 @@ }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "country comparison to the world": 215 }, "Natural gas - consumption": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Natural gas - exports": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Natural gas - imports": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Natural gas - proved reserves": { "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "3.777 million Mt (2017 est.)", diff --git a/africa/zi.json b/africa/zi.json index 910ca81b..8f7387c8 100644 --- a/africa/zi.json +++ b/africa/zi.json @@ -168,11 +168,11 @@ "female": { "text": "20.6 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 190 + "country comparison to the world": 189 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.87% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 53 + "country comparison to the world": 52 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "33.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "Aside from major urban agglomerations in Harare and Bulawayo, population distribution is fairly even, with slightly greater overall numbers in the eastern half as shown in this population distribution map" @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ "female": { "text": "26.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 55 + "country comparison to the world": 54 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ "female": { "text": "64.5 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "3.93 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -325,8 +325,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 64 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.1% of GDP (2014)", - "country comparison to the world": 31 + "text": "5.9% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 28 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -529,30 +529,46 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Zimbabwe's economy depends heavily on its mining and agriculture sectors. Following a contraction from 1998 to 2008, the economy recorded real growth of more than 10% per year in the period 2010-13, before falling below 3% in the period 2014-17, due to poor harvests, low diamond revenues, and decreased investment. Lower mineral prices, infrastructure and regulatory deficiencies, a poor investment climate, a large public and external debt burden, and extremely high government wage expenses impede the country's economic performance. ++ Until early 2009, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) routinely printed money to fund the budget deficit, causing hyperinflation. Adoption of a multi-currency basket in early 2009 - which allowed currencies such as the Botswana pula, the South Africa rand, and the US dollar to be used locally - reduced inflation below 10% per year. In January 2015, as part of the government's effort to boost trade and attract foreign investment, the RBZ announced that the Chinese renmimbi, Indian rupee, Australian dollar, and Japanese yen would be accepted as legal tender in Zimbabwe, though transactions were predominantly carried out in US dollars and South African rand until 2016, when the rand's devaluation and instability led to near-exclusive use of the US dollar. The government in November 2016 began releasing bond notes, a parallel currency legal only in Zimbabwe which the government claims will have a one-to-one exchange ratio with the US dollar, to ease cash shortages. Bond notes began trading at a discount of up to 10% in the black market by the end of 2016. ++ Zimbabwe's government entered a second Staff Monitored Program with the IMF in 2014 and undertook other measures to reengage with international financial institutions. Zimbabwe repaid roughly $108 million in arrears to the IMF in October 2016, but financial observers note that Zimbabwe is unlikely to gain new financing because the government has not disclosed how it plans to repay more than $1.7 billion in arrears to the World Bank and African Development Bank. International financial institutions want Zimbabwe to implement significant fiscal and structural reforms before granting new loans. Foreign and domestic investment continues to be hindered by the lack of land tenure and titling, the inability to repatriate dividends to investors overseas, and the lack of clarity regarding the government's Indigenization and Economic Empowerment Act." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$34.27 billion (2017 est.) / $33.04 billion (2016 est.) / $32.82 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 127 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$17.64 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "3.7% (2017 est.) / 0.7% (2016 est.) / 1.4% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 81 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "241.7% (2019 est.) / 10.6% (2018 est.) / 0.9% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 227 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$8.388 billion (2018 est.) / $34.27 billion (2017 est.) / $8.002 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$21.441 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$2,300 (2017 est.) / $2,300 (2016 est.) / $2,300 (2015 est.)", + "text": "$1,306 (2018 est.) / $2,300 (2017 est.) / $1,263 (2017 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "23.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 19.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 74 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "12% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "22.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "65.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "77.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -573,16 +589,8 @@ "text": "-39.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "12% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "22.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "65.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "54.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "tobacco, corn, cotton, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; sheep, goats, pigs" @@ -612,7 +620,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "11.3% (2014 est.) / 80% (2005 est.)", "note": "note: data include both unemployment and underemployment; true unemployment is unknown and, under current economic conditions, unknowable", - "country comparison to the world": 158 + "country comparison to the world": 159 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "72.3% (2012 est.)" @@ -648,17 +656,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.9% (2017 est.) / -1.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 49 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$716 million (2017 est.) / -$553 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 134 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$4.353 billion (2017 est.) / $3.366 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 113 + "text": "$4.422 billion (2018 est.) / $6.252 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 120 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "South Africa 50.3%, Mozambique 22.5%, UAE 9.8%, Zambia 4.9% (2017)" @@ -667,8 +671,8 @@ "text": "platinum, cotton, tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$5.472 billion (2017 est.) / $5.236 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 122 + "text": "$7.215 billion (2018 est.) / $9.658 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 123 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels, food products" @@ -685,7 +689,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 116 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Zimbabwean dollars (ZWD) per US dollar - / 1 (2017 est.) / 1 (2016 est.) / (2013) / 234.25 (2010)", + "text": "Zimbabwean dollars (ZWD) per US dollar - / 82.3138 (2020 est.) / 16.44579 (2019 est.) / 322.355 (2018 est.) / 234.25 (2010)", "note": "note: the dollar was adopted as a legal currency in 2009; since then the Zimbabwean dollar has experienced hyperinflation and is essentially worthless" } }, @@ -726,11 +730,11 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "58% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 136 + "country comparison to the world": 135 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": { "text": "37% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -742,23 +746,23 @@ }, "Crude oil - production": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 220 + "country comparison to the world": 219 }, "Crude oil - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "country comparison to the world": 217 }, "Crude oil - imports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "country comparison to the world": 217 }, "Crude oil - proved reserves": { "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Refined petroleum products - production": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "27,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)", @@ -766,7 +770,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "26,400 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -774,23 +778,23 @@ }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Natural gas - consumption": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "country comparison to the world": 215 }, "Natural gas - exports": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "country comparison to the world": 215 }, "Natural gas - imports": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "country comparison to the world": 215 }, "Natural gas - proved reserves": { "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "12.06 million Mt (2017 est.)", diff --git a/antarctica/ay.json b/antarctica/ay.json index b0b9f4a1..6a9e2360 100644 --- a/antarctica/ay.json +++ b/antarctica/ay.json @@ -95,8 +95,10 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Scientific undertakings rather than commercial pursuits are the predominant human activity in Antarctica. Offshore fishing and tourism, both based abroad, account for Antarctica's limited economic activity. ++ Antarctic Fisheries, within the area covered by the Convention on Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources currently target Patagonian toothfish, Antarctic toothfish, mackerel icefish and Antarctic krill. The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) manages these fisheries using the ecosystem-based and precautionary approach. The Commission's objective is conservation of Antarctic marine living resources and it regulates the fisheries based on the level of information available, and maintaining existing ecological relationships. While Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing has declined in the Convention area since 1990, it remains a concern ++ A total of 51,707 tourists visited the Antarctic Treaty area in the 2017-2018 Antarctic summer, 17 percent greater than the 43,915 visitors in 2016-2017. These estimates were provided to the Antarctic Treaty by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators and do not include passengers on overflights. Nearly all of the tourists were passengers on commercial ships and several yachts that make trips during the summer." + }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/antarctica/bv.json b/antarctica/bv.json index 7f57aa54..254b11ea 100644 --- a/antarctica/bv.json +++ b/antarctica/bv.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 233 + "country comparison to the world": 232 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -110,8 +110,10 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "no economic activity; declared a nature reserve" + }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/antarctica/fs.json b/antarctica/fs.json index 90910568..0fdb1284 100644 --- a/antarctica/fs.json +++ b/antarctica/fs.json @@ -122,8 +122,10 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Economic activity is limited to servicing meteorological and geophysical research stations, military bases, and French and other fishing fleets. The fish catches landed on Iles Kerguelen by foreign ships are exported to France and Reunion." + }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { } }, "Communications": { @@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "4 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 187 + "country comparison to the world": 186 }, "Ports and terminals": { "note": "none; offshore anchorage only" diff --git a/antarctica/hm.json b/antarctica/hm.json index 4541ba59..3f37b099 100644 --- a/antarctica/hm.json +++ b/antarctica/hm.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -121,8 +121,10 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The islands have no indigenous economic activity, but the Australian Government allows limited fishing in the surrounding waters. Visits to Heard Island typically focus on terrestrial and marine research and infrequent private expeditions." + }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/aq.json b/australia-oceania/aq.json index c29f1c82..079627c3 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/aq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/aq.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes Rose Island and Swains Island", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "country comparison to the world": 215 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than Washington, DC" @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "49,437 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -143,19 +143,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-1.4% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 234 + "country comparison to the world": 233 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "17.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 93 + "country comparison to the world": 92 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 168 + "country comparison to the world": 167 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-26.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 226 + "country comparison to the world": 225 }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { @@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ "female": { "text": "8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 131 + "country comparison to the world": 130 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.35 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 80 + "country comparison to the world": 79 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -318,10 +318,10 @@ "text": "Cabinet consists of 12 department directors appointed by the governor with the consent of the Legislature or Fono" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state to serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of unincorporated territories, such as American Samoa, do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in Democratic and Republican presidential primary elections; governor and lieutenant governor directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held in November 2020)" + "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state to serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of unincorporated territories, such as American Samoa, do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in Democratic and Republican presidential primary elections; governor and lieutenant governor directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Lolo Matalasi MOLIGA reelected governor in first round; percent of vote - Lolo Matalasi MOLIGA (independent) 60.2%, Faoa Aitofele SUNIA (Democratic Party) 35.8%, Tuika TUIKA (independent) 4%" + "text": "Lemanu Peleti MAUGA elected governor in first round; percent of vote - Lemanu Peleti MAUGA (independent) 60.3%, Gaoteote Palaie TOFAU (independent) 21.9%, I'aulualo Fa'afetai TALIA (independent) 12.3%" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -376,24 +376,38 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "American Samoa s a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned. Economic activity is strongly linked to the US with which American Samoa conducts most of its commerce. Tuna fishing and processing are the backbone of the private sector with processed fish products as the primary exports. The fish processing business accounted for 15.5% of employment in 2015. ++ In late September 2009, an earthquake and the resulting tsunami devastated American Samoa and nearby Samoa, disrupting transportation and power generation, and resulting in about 200 deaths. The US Federal Emergency Management Agency oversaw a relief program of nearly $25 million. Transfers from the US Government add substantially to American Samoa's economic well-being. ++ Attempts by the government to develop a larger and broader economy are restrained by Samoa's remote location, its limited transportation, and its devastating hurricanes. Tourism has some potential as a source of income and jobs." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$658 million (2016 est.) / $674.9 million (2015 est.) / $666.9 million (2014 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2016 US dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "-2.5% (2016 est.) / 1.2% (2015 est.) / 1% (2014 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 208 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-0.5% (2015 est.) / 1.4% (2014 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 12 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$658 million (2016 est.) / $674.9 million (2015 est.) / $666.9 billion (2014 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2016 US dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$658 million (2016 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-2.5% (2016 est.) / 1.2% (2015 est.) / 1% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 208 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$11,200 (2016 est.) / $11,300 (2015 est.) / $11,200 (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 134 + "country comparison to the world": 111 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "27.4% (2012)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "12.4% (2012)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "60.2% (2012)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -415,16 +429,7 @@ "text": "-93.5% (2016 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "27.4% (2012)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "12.4% (2012)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "60.2% (2012)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas; dairy products, livestock" @@ -437,7 +442,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "17,850 (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -452,7 +457,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "29.8% (2005)", - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -488,10 +493,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.5% (2015 est.) / 1.4% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 5 - }, "Exports": { "text": "$428 million (2016 est.) / $427 million (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 178 @@ -504,7 +505,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$615 million (2016 est.) / $657 million (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "raw materials for canneries, food, petroleum products, machinery and parts" @@ -520,20 +521,6 @@ } }, "Energy": { - "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "22,219 (2012)" - }, - "electrification - total population": { - "text": "59% (2012)" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "60% (2012)" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "45% (2012)" - } - }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "169 million kWh (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 195 @@ -552,11 +539,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "43,000 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "98% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 27 + "country comparison to the world": 26 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -668,7 +655,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "3 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 192 + "country comparison to the world": 191 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/as.json b/australia-oceania/as.json index 711029bb..85c5cd6a 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/as.json +++ b/australia-oceania/as.json @@ -177,15 +177,15 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.4% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 79 + "country comparison to the world": 78 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "12.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 156 + "country comparison to the world": 155 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 128 + "country comparison to the world": 127 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "8.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ "female": { "text": "2.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.74 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 162 + "country comparison to the world": 161 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "66.9% (2015/16)", @@ -309,8 +309,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 27 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.3% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 45 + "text": "5.1% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 53 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -505,30 +505,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Australia is an open market with minimal restrictions on imports of goods and services. The process of opening up has increased productivity, stimulated growth, and made the economy more flexible and dynamic. Australia plays an active role in the WTO, APEC, the G20, and other trade forums. Australia's free trade agreement (FTA) with China entered into force in 2015, adding to existing FTAs with the Republic of Korea, Japan, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, and the US, and a regional FTA with ASEAN and New Zealand. Australia continues to negotiate bilateral agreements with Indonesia, as well as larger agreements with its Pacific neighbors and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, and an Asia-wide Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership that includes the 10 ASEAN countries and China, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, and India. ++ Australia is a significant exporter of natural resources, energy, and food. Australia's abundant and diverse natural resources attract high levels of foreign investment and include extensive reserves of coal, iron, copper, gold, natural gas, uranium, and renewable energy sources. A series of major investments, such as the US$40 billion Gorgon Liquid Natural Gas Project, will significantly expand the resources sector. ++ For nearly two decades up till 2017, Australia had benefited from a dramatic surge in its terms of trade. As export prices increased faster than import prices, the economy experienced continuous growth, low unemployment, contained inflation, very low public debt, and a strong and stable financial system. Australia entered 2018 facing a range of growth constraints, principally driven by the sharp fall in global prices of key export commodities. Demand for resources and energy from Asia and especially China is growing at a slower pace and sharp drops in export prices have impacted growth." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.248 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.221 trillion (2016 est.) / $1.19 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 19 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.38 trillion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.84% (2019 est.) / 2.77% (2018 est.) / 2.45% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 146 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.6% (2019 est.) / 1.9% (2018 est.) / 1.9% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 93 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AAA (2011)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aaa (2002)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AAA (2003)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$1,143,419,000,000 (2019 est.) / $1,121,637,000,000 (2018 est.) / $1,090,642,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1,390,790,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$50,400 (2017 est.) / $50,100 (2016 est.) / $49,600 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 29 + "text": "$62,753 (2019 est.) / $62,311 (2018 est.) / $61,362 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 15 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "21% of GDP (2017 est.) / 20.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 21.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 88 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "3.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "25.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "71.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "56.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -549,16 +574,8 @@ "text": "-21% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "3.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "25.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "71.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "79.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits; cattle, sheep, poultry" @@ -587,7 +604,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5.16% (2019 est.) / 5.29% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 82 + "country comparison to the world": 83 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -623,17 +640,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.) / 1.3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 103 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$8.146 billion (2019 est.) / -$29.777 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 27 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$231.6 billion (2017 est.) / $191.7 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 22 + "text": "$404.562 billion (2019 est.) / $391.563 billion (2018 est.) / $372.516 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 20 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 33.5%, Japan 14.6%, South Korea 6.6%, India 5%, Hong Kong 4% (2017)" @@ -642,8 +655,8 @@ "text": "iron ore, coal, gold, natural gas, beef, aluminum ores and conc, wheat, meat (excluding beef), wool, alumina, alcohol" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$221 billion (2017 est.) / $198.7 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 24 + "text": "$334.279 billion (2019 est.) / $337.716 billion (2018 est.) / $324.644 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 22 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "motor vehicles, refined petroleum, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude petroleum, medicaments, goods vehicles, gold, computers" @@ -660,7 +673,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 11 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - / 1.311 (2017 est.) / 1.3442 (2016 est.) / 1.3442 (2015 est.) / 1.3291 (2014 est.) / 1.1094 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - / 1.34048 (2020 est.) / 1.46402 (2019 est.) / 1.38552 (2018 est.) / 1.3291 (2014 est.) / 1.1094 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -691,7 +704,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "72% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 101 + "country comparison to the world": 100 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/australia-oceania/at.json b/australia-oceania/at.json index 095f9c72..5587c28f 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/at.json +++ b/australia-oceania/at.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island", - "country comparison to the world": 250 + "country comparison to the world": 249 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about eight times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC" @@ -118,8 +118,10 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "no economic activity" + }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { } }, "Transportation": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/bp.json b/australia-oceania/bp.json index 0dc5dc90..e3b631f0 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/bp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/bp.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "910 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 144 + "country comparison to the world": 143 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" @@ -169,19 +169,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.84% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 56 + "country comparison to the world": 55 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "23.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 53 + "country comparison to the world": 52 }, "Death rate": { "text": "3.8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 157 + "country comparison to the world": 156 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population lives along the coastal regions; about one in five live in urban areas, and of these some two-thirds reside in Honiara, the largest town and chief port" @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "female": { "text": "11.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 102 + "country comparison to the world": 101 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.97 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 52 + "country comparison to the world": 51 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "29.3% (2015)" @@ -485,30 +485,49 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The bulk of the population depends on agriculture, fishing, and forestry for at least part of its livelihood. Most manufactured goods and petroleum products must be imported. The islands are rich in undeveloped mineral resources such as lead, zinc, nickel, and gold. Prior to the arrival of The Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), severe ethnic violence, the closure of key businesses, and an empty government treasury culminated in economic collapse. RAMSI's efforts, which concluded in Jun 2017, to restore law and order and economic stability have led to modest growth as the economy rebuilds." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "3.5% (2017 est.) / 3.5% (2016 est.) / 2.5% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 86 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.5% (2017 est.) / 0.5% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 44 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B3 (2015)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$1.33 billion (2017 est.) / $1.285 billion (2016 est.) / $1.242 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$1.298 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.5% (2017 est.) / 3.5% (2016 est.) / 2.5% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 100 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$2,200 (2017 est.) / $2,100 (2016 est.) / $2,100 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 187 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "13.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / 15.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 14.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 145 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "34.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "7.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "58.1% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "NA" @@ -529,16 +548,8 @@ "text": "-49.6% (2011 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "34.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "7.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "58.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "53.4 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, rice, fruit; cattle, pigs; fish; timber" @@ -552,7 +563,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "202,500 (2007 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 171 + "country comparison to the world": 169 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -602,13 +613,9 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.5% (2017 est.) / 0.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 29 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$54 million (2017 est.) / -$49 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 81 + "country comparison to the world": 82 }, "Exports": { "text": "$468.6 million (2017 est.) / $419.9 million (2016 est.)", @@ -622,7 +629,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$462.1 million (2017 est.) / $419.3 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, plant and equipment, manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals" @@ -639,19 +646,19 @@ "country comparison to the world": 171 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Solomon Islands dollars (SBD) per US dollar - / 7.9 (2017 est.) / 7.94 (2016 est.) / 7.94 (2015 est.) / 7.9147 (2014 est.) / 7.3754 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Solomon Islands dollars (SBD) per US dollar - / 8.06126 (2020 est.) / 8.10373 (2019 est.) / 8.01282 (2018 est.) / 7.9147 (2014 est.) / 7.3754 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "47.9% (2016)" + "text": "66.7% (2018)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "69.6% (2016)" + "text": "76.7% (2018)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "41.5% (2016)" + "text": "63.5% (2018)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -672,11 +679,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "38,000 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "92% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 52 + "country comparison to the world": 51 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -712,7 +719,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "1,600 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -720,7 +727,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "1,577 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -744,7 +751,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "233,500 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "country comparison to the world": 195 } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ck.json b/australia-oceania/ck.json index 682fb99a..e56ab190 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ck.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ck.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes the two main islands of West Island and Home Island", - "country comparison to the world": 241 + "country comparison to the world": 240 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about 24 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "596 (July 2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 237 + "country comparison to the world": 236 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "only Home Island and West Island are populated" @@ -259,16 +259,18 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Coconuts, grown throughout the islands, are the sole cash crop. Small local gardens and fishing contribute to the food supply, but additional food and most other necessities must be imported from Australia. There is a small tourist industry." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "note": "NA" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1% (2003)", "country comparison to the world": 172 }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "note": "NA" + }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "vegetables, bananas, pawpaws, coconuts" }, @@ -334,7 +336,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "1 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "country comparison to the world": 217 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/cq.json b/australia-oceania/cq.json index 3a67f063..53a774ad 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cq.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: consists of 14 islands including Saipan, Rota, and Tinian", - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "country comparison to the world": 196 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "51,433 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -144,19 +144,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.55% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 226 + "country comparison to the world": 225 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "15.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 118 + "country comparison to the world": 117 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 192 + "country comparison to the world": 191 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-15.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 223 + "country comparison to the world": 222 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "approximately 90% of the population lives on the island of Saipan" @@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ "female": { "text": "9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 114 + "country comparison to the world": 113 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.7 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 65 + "country comparison to the world": 64 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -336,10 +336,10 @@ "text": "bicameral Northern Marianas Commonwealth Legislature consists of: Senate (9 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms) ++ House of Representatives (20 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 2-year terms) ++ the Northern Mariana Islands directly elects 1 delegate to the US House of Representatives by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term" }, "elections": { - "text": "CNMI Senate - last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held in November 2020) ++ CNMI House of Representatives - last held on 13 November 2018 (next to be held in November 2020) ++ Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands delegate to the US House of Representatives - last held on 13 November 2018 (next to be held in November 2020)" + "text": "CNMI Senate - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024) ++ CNMI House of Representatives - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2022) ++ Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands delegate to the US House of Representatives - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2022)" }, "election results": { - "text": "CNMI Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 6, independent 3; composition - men 8, women 1, percent of women 11.1% ++ CNMI House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 13, independent 7; composition - men 17, women 3, percent of women 15%; note - total CNMI Legislature percent of women 13.8% ++ delegate to US House of Representatives - seat won by Democratic Party; composition - 1 man" + "text": "CNMI Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 6, independent 3; composition - men 8, women 1, percent of women 11.1% ++ CNMI House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 9, Democrat Party 8, independent 3 ++ delegate to US House of Representatives - seat won by independent; composition - 1 man" }, "note": "note: the Northern Mariana Islands delegate to the US House of Representatives can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the \"Committee of the Whole House\" but not when legislation is submitted for a \"full floor\" House vote" }, @@ -380,24 +380,38 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands(CNMI) has been on the rebound in the last few years, mainly on the strength of its tourism industry. In 2016, the CNMI's real GDP increased 28.6% over the previous year, following two years of relatively rapid growth in 2014 and 2015. Chinese and Korean tourists have supplanted Japanese tourists in the last few years. The Commonwealth is making a concerted effort to broaden its tourism by extending casino gambling from the small Islands of Tinian and Rota to the main Island of Saipan, its political and commercial center. Investment is concentrated on hotels and casinos in Saipan, the CNMI's largest island and home to about 90% of its population. ++ Federal grants have also contributed to economic growth and stability. In 2016, federal grants amounted to $101.4 billion which made up 26% of the CNMI government's total revenues. A small agriculture sector consists of cattle ranches and small farms producing coconuts, breadfruit, tomatoes, and melons. ++ Legislation is pending in the US Congress to extend the transition period to allow foreign workers to work in the CNMI on temporary visas." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "28.6% (2016 est.) / 3.8% (2015 est.) / 3.5% (2014 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 2 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.3% (2016 est.) / 0.1% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 36 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$1.242 billion (2016 est.) / $933 million (2015 est.) / $845 million (2014 est.)", - "note": "note: GDP estimate includes US subsidy; data are in 2013 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "note": "note: GDP estimate includes US subsidy; data are in 2013 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$1.242 billion (2016 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "28.6% (2016 est.) / 3.8% (2015 est.) / 3.5% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 2 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$24,500 (2016 est.) / $18,400 (2015 est.) / $16,600 (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 84 + "country comparison to the world": 65 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.7% (2016)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "58.1% (2016 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "40.2% (2016)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -419,16 +433,7 @@ "text": "-71.9% (2016 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.7% (2016)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "58.1% (2016 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "40.2% (2016)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "vegetables and melons, fruits and nuts; ornamental plants; livestock, poultry, eggs; fish and aquaculture products" @@ -442,7 +447,7 @@ "Labor force": { "text": "27,970 (2010 est.)", "note": "note: includes foreign workers", - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -457,7 +462,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "11.2% (2010 est.) / 8% (2005 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 157 + "country comparison to the world": 158 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -493,10 +498,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.3% (2016 est.) / 0.1% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 21 - }, "Exports": { "text": "$914 million (2016 est.) / $520 million (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 162 @@ -506,7 +507,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$893 million (2016 est.) / $638 million (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 187 + "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, construction equipment and materials, petroleum products" @@ -582,7 +583,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "5 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 183 + "country comparison to the world": 182 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/cr.json b/australia-oceania/cr.json index 34abbf47..037b7986 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cr.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes numerous small islands and reefs scattered over a sea area of about 780,000 sq km (300,000 sq mi) with the Willis Islets the most important", - "country comparison to the world": 253 + "country comparison to the world": 252 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about four times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC" @@ -123,8 +123,10 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "no economic activity" + }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/cw.json b/australia-oceania/cw.json index 2f99e380..153a109f 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cw.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cw.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "1.3 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ "Population": { "text": "8,574 (July 2020 est.)", "note": "note: the Cook Islands' Ministry of Finance & Economic Management estimated the resident population to have been 11,700 in September 2016", - "country comparison to the world": 224 + "country comparison to the world": 223 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -153,11 +153,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-2.59% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 236 + "country comparison to the world": 235 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "13.3 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 140 + "country comparison to the world": 139 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-29.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 227 + "country comparison to the world": 226 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population is found on the island of Rarotonga" @@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ "female": { "text": "9.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 108 + "country comparison to the world": 107 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.12 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 97 + "country comparison to the world": 96 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.7% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 77 + "country comparison to the world": 69 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -415,23 +415,26 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Like many other South Pacific island nations, the Cook Islands' economic development is hindered by the isolation of the country from foreign markets, the limited size of domestic markets, lack of natural resources, periodic devastation from natural disasters, and inadequate infrastructure. Agriculture, employing more than one-quarter of the working population, provides the economic base with major exports of copra and citrus fruit. Black pearls are the Cook Islands' leading export. Manufacturing activities are limited to fruit processing, clothing, and handicrafts. Trade deficits are offset by remittances from emigrants and by foreign aid overwhelmingly from New Zealand. In the 1980s and 1990s, the country became overextended, maintaining a bloated public service and accumulating a large foreign debt. Subsequent reforms, including the sale of state assets, the strengthening of economic management, the encouragement of tourism, and a debt restructuring agreement, have rekindled investment and growth. The government is targeting fisheries and seabed mining as sectors for future economic growth." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$299.9 million (2016 est.) / $183.2 million (2005 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "0.1% (2005 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 190 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.2% (2011 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 118 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$299.9 million (2016 est.) / $183.2 million (2015 est.)" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$299.9 million (2016 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.1% (2005 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 190 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$16,700 (2016 est.) / $9,100 (2005 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 106 + "country comparison to the world": 87 }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -444,6 +447,8 @@ "text": "82.1% (2010 est.)" } }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "copra, citrus, pineapples, tomatoes, beans, pawpaws, bananas, yams, taro, coffee; pigs, poultry" }, @@ -456,7 +461,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "6,820 (2001)", - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "country comparison to the world": 217 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -471,7 +476,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "13.1% (2005)", - "country comparison to the world": 168 + "country comparison to the world": 169 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -503,10 +508,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.2% (2011 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 114 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$26.67 million (2005)", "country comparison to the world": 58 @@ -552,11 +553,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "14,000 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "79% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 85 + "country comparison to the world": 84 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -592,7 +593,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "600 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -600,7 +601,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "611 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -624,7 +625,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "88,810 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 206 } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/fj.json b/australia-oceania/fj.json index 45bd4b2d..db31cfa6 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fj.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fj.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 157 + "country comparison to the world": 156 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than New Jersey" @@ -173,19 +173,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.5% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 155 + "country comparison to the world": 154 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "17.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 96 + "country comparison to the world": 95 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 150 + "country comparison to the world": 149 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-6.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "approximately 70% of the population lives on the island of Viti Levu; roughly half of the population lives in urban areas" @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "female": { "text": "7.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 143 + "country comparison to the world": 142 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.31 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 83 + "country comparison to the world": 82 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.9% of GDP (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 106 + "country comparison to the world": 101 }, "Literacy": { "total population": { @@ -500,30 +500,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Fiji, endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, is one of the most developed and connected of the Pacific island economies. Earnings from the tourism industry, with an estimated 842,884 tourists visiting in 2017, and remittances from Fijian's working abroad are the country's largest foreign exchange earners. ++ Bottled water exports to the US is Fiji's largest domestic export. Fiji's sugar sector remains a significant industry and a major export, but crops and one of the sugar mills suffered damage during Cyclone Winston in 2016. Fiji's trade imbalance continues to widen with increased imports and sluggish performance of domestic exports. ++ The return to parliamentary democracy and successful elections in September 2014 improved investor confidence, but increasing bureaucratic regulation, new taxes, and lack of consultation with relevant stakeholders brought four consecutive years of decline for Fiji on the World Bank Ease of Doing Business index. Private sector investment in 2017 approached 20% of GDP, compared to 13% in 2013." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "3% (2017 est.) / 0.7% (2016 est.) / 3.8% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 99 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "3.4% (2017 est.) / 3.9% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 152 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba3 (2017)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BB- (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$8.629 billion (2017 est.) / $8.376 billion (2016 est.) / $8.321 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 163 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$4.891 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2017 est.) / 0.7% (2016 est.) / 3.8% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 99 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$9,800 (2017 est.) / $9,600 (2016 est.) / $9,600 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 140 + "country comparison to the world": 118 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "12.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 13.4% of GDP (2016 est.) / 16.1% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 146 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "13.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "17.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "69.1% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "81.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -544,16 +566,8 @@ "text": "-51.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "13.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "17.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "69.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "61.5 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "sugarcane, copra, ginger, tropical fruits, vegetables; beef, pork, chicken, fish" @@ -582,7 +596,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4.5% (2017 est.) / 5.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 66 + "country comparison to the world": 67 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "31% (2009 est.)" @@ -618,10 +632,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.4% (2017 est.) / 3.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 140 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$277 million (2017 est.) / -$131 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 104 @@ -638,7 +648,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$1.911 billion (2017 est.) / $1.761 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 169 + "country comparison to the world": 172 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, food and beverages, chemicals, tobacco" @@ -655,19 +665,19 @@ "country comparison to the world": 165 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Fijian dollars (FJD) per US dollar - / 2.075 (2017 est.) / 2.0947 (2016 est.) / 2.0947 (2015 est.) / 2.0976 (2014 est.) / 1.8874 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Fijian dollars (FJD) per US dollar - / 2.05955 (2020 est.) / 2.17345 (2019 est.) / 2.1104 (2018 est.) / 2.0976 (2014 est.) / 1.8874 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "98.6% (2016)" + "text": "99.6% (2018)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99.2% (2016)" + "text": "100% (2018)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "98% (2016)" + "text": "99.2% (2018)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -692,7 +702,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "34% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 181 + "country comparison to the world": 180 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/australia-oceania/fm.json b/australia-oceania/fm.json index a720ce77..4f864366 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fm.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km (fresh water only)" }, "note": "note: includes Pohnpei (Ponape), Chuuk (Truk) Islands, Yap Islands, and Kosrae (Kosaie)", - "country comparison to the world": 192 + "country comparison to the world": 191 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "four times the size of Washington, DC (land area only)" @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "102,436 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -166,19 +166,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.6% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 227 + "country comparison to the world": 226 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "18.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 81 + "country comparison to the world": 80 }, "Death rate": { "text": "4.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-20.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 225 + "country comparison to the world": 224 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the majority of the populaton lives in the coastal areas of the high islands; the mountainous interior is largely uninhabited; less than half of the population lives in urban areas" @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ "female": { "text": "15.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 84 + "country comparison to the world": 83 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.29 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 85 + "country comparison to the world": 84 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ "text": "unicameral Congress (14 seats; 10 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 2-year terms and 4 at- large members directly elected from each of the 4 states by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 5 March 2019 (next to be held in March 2021)" + "text": "last held on 5 March 2019 (next to be held on 2 March 2021)" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 14; composition - men 14, women 0" @@ -487,25 +487,39 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Economic activity consists largely of subsistence farming and fishing, and government, which employs two-thirds of the adult working population and receives funding largely - 58% in 2013 – from Compact of Free Association assistance provided by the US. The islands have few commercially valuable mineral deposits. The potential for tourism is limited by isolation, lack of adequate facilities, and limited internal air and water transportation. ++ Under the terms of the original Compact, the US provided $1.3 billion in grants and aid from 1986 to 2001. The US and the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) negotiated a second (amended) Compact agreement in 2002-03 that took effect in 2004. The amended Compact runs for a 20-year period to 2023; during which the US will provide roughly $2.1 billion to the FSM. The amended Compact also develops a trust fund for the FSM that will provide a comparable income stream beyond 2024 when Compact grants end. ++ The country's medium-term economic outlook appears fragile because of dependence on US assistance and lackluster performance of its small and stagnant private sector." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "2% (2017 est.) / 2.9% (2016 est.) / 3.9% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 138 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.5% (2017 est.) / 0.5% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 42 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$348 million (2017 est.) / $341.1 million (2016 est.) / $331.4 million (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$328 million (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.) / 2.9% (2016 est.) / 3.9% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 138 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$3,400 (2017 est.) / $3,300 (2016 est.) / $3,200 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 189 + "country comparison to the world": 174 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "26.3% (2013 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "18.9% (2013 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "54.8% (2013 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -527,16 +541,8 @@ "text": "-77% (2016 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "26.3% (2013 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "18.9% (2013 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "54.8% (2013 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "69.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "taro, yams, coconuts, bananas, cassava (manioc, tapioca), sakau (kava), Kosraen citrus, betel nuts, black pepper, fish, pigs, chickens" @@ -549,7 +555,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "37,920 (2010 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -565,7 +571,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "16.2% (2010 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 179 + "country comparison to the world": 180 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "26.7% (2000 est.)" @@ -601,17 +607,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.5% (2017 est.) / 0.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 28 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$12 million (2017 est.) / $11 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 62 }, "Exports": { "text": "$88.3 million (2013 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "fish, sakau (kava), betel nuts, black pepper" @@ -638,13 +640,13 @@ "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "75.4% (2016)" + "text": "82% (2018)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "91.9% (2016)" + "text": "93.5% (2018)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "70.7% (2016)" + "text": "78.7% (2018)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -665,11 +667,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "18,000 kW (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "96% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 41 + "country comparison to the world": 40 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)", @@ -717,7 +719,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "105 Mt (2010 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/fp.json b/australia-oceania/fp.json index 2730e7c3..6ef65f5e 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fp.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "340 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 175 + "country comparison to the world": 174 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly less than one-third the size of Connecticut" @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "295,121 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 181 + "country comparison to the world": 180 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -157,19 +157,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.79% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 128 + "country comparison to the world": 127 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "14 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 135 + "country comparison to the world": 134 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 183 + "country comparison to the world": 182 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 131 + "country comparison to the world": 130 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the majority of the population lives in the Society Islands, one of five archipelagos that includes the most populous island - Tahiti - with approximately 70% of the nation's population" @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ "female": { "text": "4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 182 + "country comparison to the world": 181 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.83 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 145 + "country comparison to the world": 144 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -422,23 +422,37 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Since 1962, when France stationed military personnel in the region, French Polynesia has changed from a subsistence agricultural economy to one in which a high proportion of the work force is either employed by the military or supports the tourist industry. With the halt of French nuclear testing in 1996, the military contribution to the economy fell sharply. ++ After growing at an average yearly rate of 4.2% from 1997-2007, the economic and financial crisis in 2008 marked French Polynesia's entry into recession. However, since 2014, French Polynesia has shown signs of recovery. Business turnover reached 1.8% year-on-year in September 2016, tourism increased 1.8% in 2015, and GDP grew 2.0% in 2015. ++ French Polynesia's tourism-dominated service sector accounted for 85% of total value added for the economy in 2012. Tourism employs 17% of the workforce. Pearl farming is the second biggest industry, accounting for 54% of exports in 2015; however, the output has decreased to 12.5 tons – the lowest level since 2008. A small manufacturing sector predominantly processes commodities from French Polynesia's primary sector - 8% of total economy in 2012 - including agriculture and fishing. ++ France has agreed to finance infrastructure, marine businesses, and cultural and ecological sites at roughly $80 million per year between 2015 and 2020. Japan, the US, and China are French Polynesia's three largest trade partners." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$5.49 billion (2015 est.) / $5.383 billion (2014 est.) / $6.963 billion (2010 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 177 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "2% (2015 est.) / -2.7% (2014 est.) / -2.5% (2010 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 136 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0% (2015 est.) / 0.3% (2014 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 20 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$5.49 billion (2017 est.) / $5.383 billion (2016 est.) / $6.963 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$4.795 billion (2015 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2015 est.) / -2.7% (2014 est.) / -2.5% (2010 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 136 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$17,000 (2015 est.) / $20,100 (2014 est.) / $22,700 (2010)", - "country comparison to the world": 104 + "country comparison to the world": 83 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.5% (2009)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "13% (2009)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "84.5% (2009)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -460,16 +474,7 @@ "text": "-37.5% (2014 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.5% (2009)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "13% (2009)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "84.5% (2009)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coconuts, vanilla, vegetables, fruits, coffee; poultry, beef, dairy products; fish" @@ -482,7 +487,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "126,300 (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 179 + "country comparison to the world": 178 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -497,7 +502,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "21.8% (2012) / 11.7% (2010)", - "country comparison to the world": 191 + "country comparison to the world": 192 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "19.7% (2009 est.)" @@ -529,10 +534,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0% (2015 est.) / 0.3% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 10 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$207.7 million (2014 est.) / $158.8 million (2013 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 57 @@ -549,7 +550,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$2.235 billion (2014 est.) / $2.271 billion (2013 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 162 + "country comparison to the world": 167 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "fuels, foodstuffs, machinery and equipment" @@ -592,7 +593,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "70% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 108 + "country comparison to the world": 107 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/australia-oceania/gq.json b/australia-oceania/gq.json index 261cbf68..905a4c38 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/gq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/gq.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "three times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "168,485 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 186 + "country comparison to the world": 185 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -157,19 +157,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.2% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 181 + "country comparison to the world": 180 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "18.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 80 + "country comparison to the world": 79 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 163 + "country comparison to the world": 162 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "no large cities exist on the island, though large villages (municipalities) attract much of the population; the largest of these is Dededo" @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ "female": { "text": "10.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 126 + "country comparison to the world": 125 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.84 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 59 + "country comparison to the world": 58 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -412,23 +412,37 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "US national defense spending is the main driver of Guam's economy, followed closely by tourism and other services. Guam serves as a forward US base for the Western Pacific and is home to thousands of American military personnel. Total federal spending (defense and non-defense) amounted to $1.988 billion in 2016, or 34.2 of Guam's GDP. Of that total, federal grants and cover-over payments amounted to $3444.1 million in 2016, or 35.8% of Guam's total revenues for the fiscal year. In 2016, Guam's economy grew 0.3%. Despite slow growth, Guam's economy has been stable over the last decade. National defense spending cushions the island's economy against fluctuations in tourism. Service exports, mainly spending by foreign tourists in Guam, amounted to over $1 billion for the first time in 2016, or 17.8% of GDP." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$5.793 billion (2016 est.) / $5.697 billion (2015 est.) / $5.531 billion (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 174 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "0.4% (2016 est.) / 0.5% (2015 est.) / 1.6% (2014 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 186 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1% (2017 est.) / 0% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 66 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$5.793 billion (2016 est.) / $5.697 billion (2015 est.) / $5.531 billion (2014 est.)" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$5.793 billion (2016 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.4% (2016 est.) / 0.5% (2015 est.) / 1.6% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 186 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$35,600 (2016 est.) / $35,200 (2015 est.) / $34,400 (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 56 + "country comparison to the world": 48 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "services": { + "text": "58.4% NA (2015 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -450,16 +464,7 @@ "text": "-51.2% (2016 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "services": { - "text": "58.4% NA (2015 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "fruits, copra, vegetables; eggs, pork, poultry, beef" @@ -473,7 +478,7 @@ "Labor force": { "text": "73,210 (2016 est.)", "note": "note: includes only the civilian labor force", - "country comparison to the world": 184 + "country comparison to the world": 183 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -488,7 +493,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4.5% (2017 est.) / 3.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 67 + "country comparison to the world": 68 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "23% (2001 est.)" @@ -524,10 +529,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1% (2017 est.) / 0% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 52 - }, "Exports": { "text": "$1.124 billion (2016 est.) / $1.046 billion (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 156 @@ -540,7 +541,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$2.964 billion (2016 est.) / $3.054 billion (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 149 + "country comparison to the world": 155 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, food, manufactured goods" @@ -583,7 +584,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "94% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 46 + "country comparison to the world": 45 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -704,7 +705,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "5 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 180 + "country comparison to the world": 179 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/kr.json b/australia-oceania/kr.json index abcec457..0cc9a9fa 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kr.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, and Phoenix Islands - dispersed over about 3.5 million sq km (1.35 million sq mi)", - "country comparison to the world": 187 + "country comparison to the world": 186 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "four times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "111,796 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 191 + "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -169,19 +169,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.09% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 98 + "country comparison to the world": 97 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "20.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 75 + "country comparison to the world": 74 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 132 + "country comparison to the world": 131 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-2.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 173 + "country comparison to the world": 172 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "consists of three achipelagos spread out over an area roughly the size of India; the eastern Line Islands and central Phoenix Islands are sparsely populated, but the western Gilbert Islands are some of the most densely settled places on earth, with the main island of South Tarawa boasting a population density similar to Tokyo or Hong Kong" @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "female": { "text": "27.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 58 + "country comparison to the world": 57 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.25 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 88 + "country comparison to the world": 87 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -494,25 +494,28 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few natural resources and is one of the least developed Pacific Island countries. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted by the time of independence from the United Kingdom in 1979. Earnings from fishing licenses and seafarer remittances are important sources of income. Although the number of seafarers employed declined due to changes in global shipping demands, remittances are expected to improve with more overseas temporary and seasonal work opportunities for Kiribati nationals. ++ Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. The public sector dominates economic activity, with ongoing capital projects in infrastructure including road rehabilitation, water and sanitation projects, and renovations to the international airport, spurring some growth. Public debt increased from 23% of GDP at the end of 2015 to 25.8% in 2016. ++ Kiribati is dependent on foreign aid, which was estimated to have contributed over 32.7% in 2016 to the government's finances. The country's sovereign fund, the Revenue Equalization Reserve Fund (RERF), which is held offshore, had an estimated balance of $855.5 million in late July 2016. The RERF seeks to avoid exchange rate risk by holding investments in more than 20 currencies, including the Australian dollar, US dollar, the Japanese yen, and the Euro. Drawdowns from the RERF helped finance the government's annual budget." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "3.1% (2017 est.) / 1.1% (2016 est.) / 10.3% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 96 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.4% (2017 est.) / 1.9% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 40 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$227 million (2017 est.) / $220.2 million (2016 est.) / $217.7 million (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 219 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$197 million (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.1% (2017 est.) / 1.1% (2016 est.) / 10.3% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 96 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$2,000 (2017 est.) / $2,000 (2016 est.) / $2,000 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 192 }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -525,6 +528,9 @@ "text": "70% (2016 est.)" } }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "78.4 (2020)" + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "copra, breadfruit, fish" }, @@ -538,7 +544,7 @@ "Labor force": { "text": "39,000 (2010 est.)", "note": "note: economically active, not including subsistence farmers", - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -553,7 +559,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "30.6% (2010 est.) / 6.1% (2005)", - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -589,17 +595,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "NA" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.4% (2017 est.) / 1.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 24 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$18 million (2017 est.) / $35 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 61 }, "Exports": { "text": "$84.75 million (2013 est.) / $62.31 million (2012 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Philippines 50.8%, Malaysia 17.2%, US 11.4%, Bangladesh 5.8%, Fiji 5.4% (2017)" @@ -654,11 +656,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "11,000 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "73% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 99 + "country comparison to the world": 98 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -694,7 +696,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "400 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -702,7 +704,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "420 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -726,7 +728,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "58,850 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 208 } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/kt.json b/australia-oceania/kt.json index f79e06ef..810fd058 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kt.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kt.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 222 + "country comparison to the world": 221 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC" @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "2,205 (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 231 + "country comparison to the world": 230 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.11% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 95 + "country comparison to the world": 94 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "majority of the population lives on the northern tip of the island" @@ -281,12 +281,14 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The main economic activities on Christmas Island are the mining of low grade phosphate, limited tourism, the provision of government services and, since 2005, the construction and operation of the Immigration Detention Center. The government sector includes administration, health, education, policing, customs, quarantine, and defense." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "note": "NA" }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "NA" }, @@ -354,7 +356,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "1 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nc.json b/australia-oceania/nc.json index 144176e4..fd03c625 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nc.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "300 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 156 + "country comparison to the world": 155 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than New Jersey" @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "290,009 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 183 + "country comparison to the world": 182 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -157,20 +157,20 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.25% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 88 + "country comparison to the world": 87 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "14.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 129 + "country comparison to the world": 128 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 173 + "country comparison to the world": 172 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "3.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", "note": "note: there has been steady emigration from Wallis and Futuna to New Caledonia", - "country comparison to the world": 32 + "country comparison to the world": 31 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the populace lives in the southern part of the main island, in and around the capital of Noumea" @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ "female": { "text": "4.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 178 + "country comparison to the world": 177 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.88 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 134 + "country comparison to the world": 133 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -436,24 +436,38 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "New Caledonia has 11% of the world's nickel reserves, representing the second largest reserves on the planet. Only a small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, substantial financial support from France - equal to more than 15% of GDP - and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. ++ With the gradual increase in the production of two new nickel plants in 2015, average production of metallurgical goods stood at a record level of 94 thousand tons. However, the sector is exposed to the high volatility of nickel prices, which have been in decline since 2016. In 2017, one of the three major mining firms on the island, Vale, put its operations up for sale, triggering concerns of layoffs ahead of the 2018 independence referendum." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "2% (2017 est.) / 1.1% (2016 est.) / 3.2% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 139 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.4% (2017 est.) / 0.6% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 87 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$11.11 billion (2017 est.) / $10.89 billion (2016 est.) / $10.77 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2015 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 159 + "note": "note: data are in 2015 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$9.77 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.) / 1.1% (2016 est.) / 3.2% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 139 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$31,100 (2015 est.) / $32,100 (2014 est.) / $29,800 (2012 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 66 + "country comparison to the world": 55 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "26.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "72.1% (2017 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -475,16 +489,7 @@ "text": "-45.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "26.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "72.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "vegetables; beef, venison, other livestock products; fish" @@ -498,7 +503,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "119,500 (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 181 + "country comparison to the world": 180 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -513,7 +518,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "14.7% (2014) / 14% (2009)", - "country comparison to the world": 173 + "country comparison to the world": 174 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "17% (2008)" @@ -549,17 +554,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.) / 0.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 79 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.469 billion (2014 est.) / -$1.861 billion (2013 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 159 }, "Exports": { "text": "$2.207 billion (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 137 + "country comparison to the world": 142 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 25.4%, Japan 16.6%, South Korea 14.8%, France 8.2%, Belgium 5%, US 4.6% (2017)" @@ -569,7 +570,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$2.715 billion (2015 est.) / $4.4 billion (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 153 + "country comparison to the world": 157 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs" @@ -614,7 +615,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "87% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 64 + "country comparison to the world": 63 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/australia-oceania/ne.json b/australia-oceania/ne.json index efad7d1b..03ae832e 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ne.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ne.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "1.5 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ "Population": { "text": "2,000 (2019)", "note": "note: because of the island's limited economic and educational opportunities, Niueans have emigrated for decades - primarily to New Zealand, but also to Australia and other Pacific island states; Niue's population peaked in 1966 at 5,194, but by 2005 had fallen to 1,508; since then it has rebounded slightly; as of 2013, 23,883 people of Niuean ancestry lived in New Zealand - with more than 20% Niue-born; this means that there are about 15 times as many persons of Niuean living in New Zealand as in Niue, possibly the most eccentric population distribution in the world", - "country comparison to the world": 232 + "country comparison to the world": 231 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.03% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population distributed around the peripheral coastal areas of the island" @@ -336,23 +336,26 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories for processing passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. ++ Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Economic aid allocation from New Zealand in FY13/14 was US$10.1 million. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. ++ The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of emigration to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and financial services, although the International Banking Repeal Act of 2002 resulted in the termination of all offshore banking licenses." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$10.01 million (2003 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 228 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "6.2% (2003 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 25 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "4% (2005)", + "country comparison to the world": 165 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$10.01 million (2003 est.)" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$10.01 million (2003) (2003)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.2% (2003 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 26 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$5,800 (2003 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 168 + "country comparison to the world": 152 }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -365,6 +368,8 @@ "text": "49.5% (2003)" } }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (manioc, tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle" }, @@ -383,7 +388,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "12% (2001)", - "country comparison to the world": 164 + "country comparison to the world": 165 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -411,10 +416,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4% (2005)", - "country comparison to the world": 155 - }, "Exports": { "text": "$201,400 (2004 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 221 @@ -424,7 +425,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$9.038 million (2004 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 223 + "country comparison to the world": 224 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs" @@ -456,11 +457,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "2,300 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "87% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 65 + "country comparison to the world": 64 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -496,7 +497,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "50 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -504,7 +505,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "54 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -528,7 +529,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "7,252 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 212 } }, "Communications": { @@ -563,7 +564,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "1 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 231 + "country comparison to the world": 230 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nf.json b/australia-oceania/nf.json index 89195979..2076c53d 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nf.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 235 + "country comparison to the world": 234 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "1,748 (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 233 + "country comparison to the world": 232 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.01% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 192 + "country comparison to the world": 191 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population concentrated around the capital of Kingston" @@ -285,12 +285,14 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Norfolk Island is suffering from a severe economic downturn. Tourism, the primary economic activity, is the main driver of economic growth. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "note": "NA" }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry" }, @@ -374,7 +376,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "1 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 232 + "country comparison to the world": 231 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nh.json b/australia-oceania/nh.json index fca468be..e97cd7f9 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nh.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nh.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes more than 80 islands, about 65 of which are inhabited", - "country comparison to the world": 163 + "country comparison to the world": 162 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than Connecticut" @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "298,333 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 180 + "country comparison to the world": 179 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -173,19 +173,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.73% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 60 + "country comparison to the world": 59 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "22.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 65 + "country comparison to the world": 64 }, "Death rate": { "text": "4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 151 + "country comparison to the world": 150 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "three-quarters of the population lives in rural areas; the urban populace lives primarily in two cities, Port-Vila and Lugenville; three largest islands - Espiritu Santo, Malakula, and Efate - accomodate over half of the populace" @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "female": { "text": "11.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 105 + "country comparison to the world": 104 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.79 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 61 + "country comparison to the world": 60 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "49% (2013)" @@ -310,8 +310,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 57 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.7% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 81 + "text": "4.5% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 79 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -474,25 +474,39 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "This South Pacific island economy is based primarily on small-scale agriculture, which provides a living for about two thirds of the population. Fishing, offshore financial services, and tourism, with more than 330,000 visitors in 2017, are other mainstays of the economy. Tourism has struggled after Efate, the most populous and most popular island for tourists, was damaged by Tropical Cyclone Pam in 2015. Ongoing infrastructure difficulties at Port Vila's Bauerfield Airport have caused air travel disruptions, further hampering tourism numbers. Australia and New Zealand are the main source of tourists and foreign aid. A small light industry sector caters to the local market. Tax revenues come mainly from import duties. Mineral deposits are negligible; the country has no known petroleum deposits. ++ Economic development is hindered by dependence on relatively few commodity exports, vulnerability to natural disasters, and long distances from main markets and between constituent islands. In response to foreign concerns, the government has promised to tighten regulation of its offshore financial center. ++ Since 2002, the government has stepped up efforts to boost tourism through improved air connections, resort development, and cruise ship facilities. Agriculture, especially livestock farming, is a second target for growth." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "4.2% (2017 est.) / 3.5% (2016 est.) / 0.2% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 70 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "3.1% (2017 est.) / 0.8% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 149 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$772 million (2017 est.) / $740.9 million (2016 est.) / $716.1 million (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$870 million (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.2% (2017 est.) / 3.5% (2016 est.) / 0.2% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 70 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$2,700 (2017 est.) / $2,700 (2016 est.) / $2,700 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "country comparison to the world": 182 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "27.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "11.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "60.8% (2017 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -514,16 +528,8 @@ "text": "-48.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "27.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "11.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "60.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "59.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "copra, coconuts, cocoa, coffee, taro, yams, fruits, vegetables; beef; fish" @@ -537,7 +543,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "115,900 (2007 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 182 + "country comparison to the world": 181 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -588,17 +594,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.1% (2017 est.) / 0.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 134 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$13 million (2017 est.) / -$37 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 70 }, "Exports": { "text": "$44.7 million (2017 est.) / $53.5 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Philippines 23.9%, Australia 16.5%, US 10.4%, Japan 8.8%, Venezuela 8%, France 4.8%, Fiji 4.5%, Hong Kong 4.4% (2017)" @@ -608,7 +610,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$273.7 million (2017 est.) / $308.5 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, fuels" @@ -625,19 +627,19 @@ "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "vatu (VUV) per US dollar - / 109.7 (2017 est.) / 112.28 (2016 est.) / 108.48 (2015 est.) / 108.99 (2014 est.) / 97.07 (2013 est.)" + "text": "vatu (VUV) per US dollar - / 111.015 (2020 est.) / 117.035 (2019 est.) / 113.005 (2018 est.) / 108.99 (2014 est.) / 97.07 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "57.8% (2016)" + "text": "61.8% (2018)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "91.4% (2016)" + "text": "93.7% (2018)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "46.4% (2016)" + "text": "51.1% (2018)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -658,11 +660,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "37,000 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "71% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 107 + "country comparison to the world": 106 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -698,7 +700,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "1,100 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -706,7 +708,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "1,073 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -730,7 +732,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "164,800 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 202 } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nr.json b/australia-oceania/nr.json index 542699d9..9afe7b67 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nr.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 240 + "country comparison to the world": 239 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "11,000 (2019 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 223 + "country comparison to the world": 222 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -155,19 +155,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.46% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 158 + "country comparison to the world": 157 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "21.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 67 + "country comparison to the world": 66 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 165 + "country comparison to the world": 164 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-11.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 219 + "country comparison to the world": 218 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "extensive phosphate mining made approximately 90% of the island unsuitable for farming; most people live in the fertile coastal areas, especially along the southwest coast" @@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ "female": { "text": "5.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 157 + "country comparison to the world": 156 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.68 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 66 + "country comparison to the world": 65 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -445,25 +445,39 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Revenues of this tiny island - a coral atoll with a land area of 21 square kilometers - traditionally have come from exports of phosphates. Few other resources exist, with most necessities being imported, mainly from Australia, its former occupier and later major source of support. Primary reserves of phosphates were exhausted and mining ceased in 2006, but mining of a deeper layer of \"secondary phosphate\" in the interior of the island began the following year. The secondary phosphate deposits may last another 30 years. Earnings from Nauru's export of phosphate remains an important source of income. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist; estimates of Nauru's GDP vary widely. ++ The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income were invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. ++ Although revenue sources for government are limited, the opening of the Australian Regional Processing Center for asylum seekers since 2012 has sparked growth in the economy. Revenue derived from fishing licenses under the \"vessel day scheme\" has also boosted government income. Housing, hospitals, and other capital plant are deteriorating. The cost to Australia of keeping the Nauruan government and economy afloat continues to climb." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "4% (2017 est.) / 10.4% (2016 est.) / 2.8% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 75 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "5.1% (2017 est.) / 8.2% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 183 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$160 million (2017 est.) / $153.9 million (2016 est.) / $139.4 million (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2015 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 224 + "note": "note: data are in 2015 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$114 million (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4% (2017 est.) / 10.4% (2016 est.) / 2.8% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 75 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$12,300 (2017 est.) / $11,800 (2016 est.) / $11,600 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 129 + "country comparison to the world": 104 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "6.1% (2009 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "33% (2009 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "60.8% (2009 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -482,16 +496,7 @@ "text": "-89.1% (2016 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "6.1% (2009 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "33% (2009 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "60.8% (2009 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coconuts" @@ -510,7 +515,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "23% (2011 est.) / 90% (2004 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -546,17 +551,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5.1% (2017 est.) / 8.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 172 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$5 million (2017 est.) / $2 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 63 }, "Exports": { "text": "$125 million (2013 est.) / $110.3 million (2012 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Nigeria 38.6%, Japan 16.6%, Australia 15.9%, South Korea 13.7%, NZ 5.7% (2017)" @@ -583,6 +584,17 @@ } }, "Energy": { + "Electricity access": { + "electrification - total population": { + "text": "99.8% (2018)" + }, + "electrification - urban areas": { + "text": "99.4% (2018)" + }, + "electrification - rural areas": { + "text": "98.7% (2018)" + } + }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "24 million kWh (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 212 @@ -601,11 +613,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "7,000 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "86% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 68 + "country comparison to the world": 67 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -641,7 +653,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "470 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -649,7 +661,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "449 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -673,7 +685,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "76,540 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 207 } }, "Communications": { @@ -743,7 +755,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "1 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 230 + "country comparison to the world": 229 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nz.json b/australia-oceania/nz.json index 90dd5614..54d29db1 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nz.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nz.json @@ -178,15 +178,15 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.44% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 77 + "country comparison to the world": 76 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "12.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 147 + "country comparison to the world": 146 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 133 + "country comparison to the world": 132 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.87 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 137 + "country comparison to the world": 136 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "79.9% (2014/15)", @@ -309,8 +309,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 22 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.4% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 24 + "text": "6.3% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 23 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -508,30 +508,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Over the past 40 years, the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy, dependent on concessionary British market access, to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes, but left behind some at the bottom of the ladder and broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector. ++ Per capita income rose for 10 consecutive years until 2007 in purchasing power parity terms, but fell in 2008-09. Debt-driven consumer spending drove robust growth in the first half of the decade, fueling a large balance of payments deficit that posed a challenge for policymakers. Inflationary pressures caused the central bank to raise its key rate steadily from January 2004 until it was among the highest in the OECD in 2007 and 2008. The higher rate attracted international capital inflows, which strengthened the currency and housing market while aggravating the current account deficit. Rising house prices, especially in Auckland, have become a political issue in recent years, as well as a policy challenge in 2016 and 2017, as the ability to afford housing has declined for many. ++ Expanding New Zealand's network of free trade agreements remains a top foreign policy priority. New Zealand was an early promoter of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and was the second country to ratify the agreement in May 2017. Following the United States' withdrawal from the TPP in January 2017, on 10 November 2017 the remaining 11 countries agreed on the core elements of a modified agreement, which they renamed the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). In November 2016, New Zealand opened negotiations to upgrade its FTA with China; China is one of New Zealand's most important trading partners." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$189 billion (2017 est.) / $183.4 billion (2016 est.) / $176.1 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 68 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$201.4 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.22% (2019 est.) / 3.22% (2018 est.) / 3.8% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 127 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.6% (2019 est.) / 1.5% (2018 est.) / 1.8% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 95 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AA (2011)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aaa (2002)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA (2011)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$176.341 billion (2019 est.) / $172.509 billion (2018 est.) / $167.14 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$205.202 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$39,000 (2017 est.) / $38,600 (2016 est.) / $37,900 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 48 + "text": "$39,815 (2019 est.) / $39,277 (2018 est.) / $38,388 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 41 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "21% of GDP (2017 est.) / 21.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 20.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 89 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "5.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "21.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "72.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "57.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -552,16 +577,8 @@ "text": "-26.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "5.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "21.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "72.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "100.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "dairy products, sheep, beef, poultry, fruit, vegetables, wine, seafood, wheat and barley" @@ -590,7 +607,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4.13% (2019 est.) / 4.32% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 62 + "country comparison to the world": 63 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -627,17 +644,13 @@ "text": "1 April - 31 March", "note": "note: this is the fiscal year for tax purposes" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.) / 0.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 98 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$6.962 billion (2019 est.) / -$8.742 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 187 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$37.35 billion (2017 est.) / $33.61 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 56 + "text": "$56.219 billion (2019 est.) / $54.977 billion (2018 est.) / $53.457 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 59 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 22.4%, Australia 16.4%, US 9.9%, Japan 6.1% (2017)" @@ -646,8 +659,8 @@ "text": "dairy products, meat and edible offal, logs and wood articles, fruit, crude oil, wine" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$39.74 billion (2017 est.) / $35.53 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 58 + "text": "$63.622 billion (2019 est.) / $62.276 billion (2018 est.) / $58.494 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 57 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum and products, mechanical machinery, vehicles and parts, electrical machinery, textiles" @@ -664,7 +677,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 51 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - / 1.416 (2017 est.) / 1.4341 (2016 est.) / 1.4341 (2015 est.) / 1.4279 (2014 est.) / 1.2039 (2013 est.)" + "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - / 1.41794 (2020 est.) / 1.52334 (2019 est.) / 1.45709 (2018 est.) / 1.4279 (2014 est.) / 1.2039 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -695,7 +708,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "23% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "country comparison to the world": 192 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/australia-oceania/pc.json b/australia-oceania/pc.json index baaab87b..18f6dca3 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/pc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/pc.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 234 + "country comparison to the world": 233 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about three-tenths the size of Washington, DC" @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "50 (2020 est. est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 238 + "country comparison to the world": 237 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "less than 50 inhabitants on Pitcairn Island, most reside near the village of Adamstown" @@ -294,12 +294,14 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The inhabitants of this tiny isolated economy exist on fishing, subsistence farming, handicrafts, and postage stamps. The fertile soil of the valleys produces a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, including citrus, sugarcane, watermelons, bananas, yams, and beans. Bartering is an important part of the economy. The major sources of revenue are the sale of postage stamps to collectors and the sale of handicrafts to passing ships." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "note": "NA" }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "honey; wide variety of fruits and vegetables; goats, chickens; fish" }, @@ -308,7 +310,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "15 (2004)", - "country comparison to the world": 232 + "country comparison to the world": 231 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "note": "note: no business community in the usual sense; some public works; subsistence farming and fishing" diff --git a/australia-oceania/ps.json b/australia-oceania/ps.json index 84b0670c..73c66deb 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ps.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ps.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "21,685 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 219 + "country comparison to the world": 218 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -158,11 +158,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.39% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 163 + "country comparison to the world": 162 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11.3 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 174 + "country comparison to the world": 173 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 62 + "country comparison to the world": 61 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population is located on the southern end of the main island of Babelthuap" @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ "female": { "text": "8.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 133 + "country comparison to the world": 132 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.7 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 173 + "country comparison to the world": 172 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -491,30 +491,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy is dominated by tourism, fishing, and subsistence agriculture. Government is a major employer of the work force relying on financial assistance from the US under the Compact of Free Association (Compact) with the US that took effect after the end of the UN trusteeship on 1 October 1994. The US provided Palau with roughly $700 million in aid for the first 15 years following commencement of the Compact in 1994 in return for unrestricted access to its land and waterways for strategic purposes. The population enjoys a per capita income roughly double that of the Philippines and much of Micronesia. ++ Business and leisure tourist arrivals reached a record 167,966 in 2015, a 14.4% increase over the previous year, but fell to 138,408 in 2016. Long-run prospects for tourism have been bolstered by the expansion of air travel in the Pacific, the rising prosperity of industrial East Asia, and the willingness of foreigners to finance infrastructure development. Proximity to Guam, the region's major destination for tourists from East Asia, and a regionally competitive tourist infrastructure enhance Palau's advantage as a destination." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "-3.7% (2017 est.) / 0% (2016 est.) / 10.1% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 215 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.9% (2017 est.) / -1% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 61 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$264 million (2017 est.) / $274.2 million (2016 est.) / $274.1 million (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$292 million (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-3.7% (2017 est.) / 0% (2016 est.) / 10.1% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$14,700 (2017 est.) / $15,200 (2016 est.) / $15,200 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 115 + "country comparison to the world": 97 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "48.7% of GDP (2016 est.) / 50.1% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 2 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "3% (2016 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "19% (2016 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "78% (2016 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "60.5% (2016 est.)" @@ -535,16 +549,8 @@ "text": "-67.6% (2016 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "3% (2016 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "19% (2016 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "78% (2016 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "82.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coconuts, cassava (manioc, tapioca), sweet potatoes; fish, pigs, chickens, eggs, bananas, papaya, breadfruit, calamansi, soursop, Polynesian chestnuts, Polynesian almonds, mangoes, taro, guava, beans, cucumbers, squash/pumpkins (various), eggplant, green onions, kangkong (watercress), cabbages (various), radishes, betel nuts, melons, peppers, noni, okra" @@ -557,7 +563,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "11,610 (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "country comparison to the world": 215 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -608,17 +614,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.9% (2017 est.) / -1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 46 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$53 million (2017 est.) / -$36 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 80 }, "Exports": { "text": "$23.17 billion (2017 est.) / $14.8 million (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 68 + "country comparison to the world": 76 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Japan 51.3%, US 15.8%, India 13.8%, Guam 8% (2017)" @@ -628,7 +630,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$4.715 billion (2018 est.) / $4.079 billion (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 134 + "country comparison to the world": 142 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, fuels, metals; foodstuffs" @@ -651,13 +653,7 @@ "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99.3% (2016)" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99.6% (2016)" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "97.2% (2016)" + "text": "100% (2018)" } } }, @@ -719,7 +715,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "3 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/rm.json b/australia-oceania/rm.json index 3ec7d6f9..0ab0a344 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/rm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/rm.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: the archipelago includes 11,673 sq km of lagoon waters and encompasses the atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, Kwajalein, Majuro, Rongelap, and Utirik", - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about the size of Washington, DC" @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "77,917 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -159,19 +159,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.43% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 78 + "country comparison to the world": 77 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "22.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 61 + "country comparison to the world": 60 }, "Death rate": { "text": "4.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-4.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "country comparison to the world": 192 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most people live in urban clusters found on many of the country's islands; more than two-thirds of the population lives on the atolls of Majuro and Ebeye" @@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ "female": { "text": "15.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 86 + "country comparison to the world": 85 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.86 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 58 + "country comparison to the world": 57 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -510,25 +510,39 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "US assistance and lease payments for the use of Kwajalein Atoll as a US military base are the mainstay of this small island country. Agricultural production, primarily subsistence, is concentrated on small farms; the most important commercial crops are coconuts and breadfruit. Industry is limited to handicrafts, tuna processing, and copra. Tourism holds some potential. The islands and atolls have few natural resources, and imports exceed exports. ++ The Marshall Islands received roughly $1 billion in aid from the US during the period 1986-2001 under the original Compact of Free Association (Compact). In 2002 and 2003, the US and the Marshall Islands renegotiated the Compact's financial package for a 20-year period, 2004 to 2024. Under the amended Compact, the Marshall Islands will receive roughly $1.5 billion in direct US assistance. Under the amended Compact, the US and Marshall Islands are also jointly funding a Trust Fund for the people of the Marshall Islands that will provide an income stream beyond 2024, when direct Compact aid ends." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "2.5% (2017 est.) / 3.6% (2016 est.) / 2% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 112 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0% (2017 est.) / -1.5% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 21 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$196 million (2017 est.) / $191.3 million (2016 est.) / $184.6 million (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 221 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$222 million (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.) / 3.6% (2016 est.) / 2% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 130 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$3,600 (2017 est.) / $3,500 (2016 est.) / $3,400 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 186 + "country comparison to the world": 172 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "4.4% (2013 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "9.9% (2013 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "85.7% (2013 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "government consumption": { @@ -547,16 +561,8 @@ "text": "-102.3% (2016 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "4.4% (2013 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "9.9% (2013 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "85.7% (2013 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "88.4 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coconuts, tomatoes, melons, taro, breadfruit, fruits; pigs, chickens" @@ -569,7 +575,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "10,670 (2013 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -584,7 +590,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "36% (2006 est.) / 30.9% (2000 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -620,17 +626,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0% (2017 est.) / -1.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 11 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1 million (2017 est.) / $15 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 68 + "country comparison to the world": 67 }, "Exports": { "text": "$0 (2013 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 223 + "country comparison to the world": 224 }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "copra cake, coconut oil, handicrafts, fish" @@ -653,13 +655,13 @@ "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "93.1% (2016)" + "text": "96.3% (2018)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "94.6% (2016)" + "text": "95.7% (2018)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "89.1% (2016)" + "text": "98.4% (2018)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -680,11 +682,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "52,000 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 190 + "country comparison to the world": 189 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "81% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 81 + "country comparison to the world": 80 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/australia-oceania/tl.json b/australia-oceania/tl.json index cc904f13..8ffdefdb 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tl.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tl.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 242 + "country comparison to the world": 241 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about 17 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC" @@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ }, "People and Society": { "Population": { - "text": "1,647 (2019 est. est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 234 + "text": "1,647 (2019 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 233 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.01% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the country's small population is fairly evenly distributed amongst the three atolls" @@ -221,7 +221,8 @@ "text": "parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy" }, "Capital": { - "text": "UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + "text": "UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "note": "note: there is no designated, official capital for Tokelau; the location of the capital rotates among the three atolls along with the head of government or Ulu o Tokelau" }, "Administrative divisions": { "text": "none (territory of New Zealand)" @@ -251,10 +252,10 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General of New Zealand Governor General Dame Patricia Lee REDDY (since 28 September 2016); New Zealand is represented by Administrator Jonathan KINGS (since 30 August 2017)" + "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General of New Zealand Governor General Dame Patricia Lee REDDY (since 28 September 2016); New Zealand is represented by Administrator Ross ARDERN (since May 2018)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Afega GAULOFA (since 10 March 2016); note - position rotates annually among the three Faipule (village leaders)" + "text": "(Ulu o Tokelau) Fofo Filipo TUISANO (since 9 March 2020); note - position rotates annually among the three Faipule (village leaders) of the atolls" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council for the Ongoing Government of Tokelau (or Tokelau Council) functions as a cabinet; consists of 3 Faipule (village leaders) and 3 Pulenuku (village mayors)" @@ -269,7 +270,7 @@ "text": "unicameral General Fono (20 seats apportioned by island - Atafu 7, Fakaofo 7, Nukunonu 6; members directly elected by simple majority vote to serve 3-year terms); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power to the General Fono" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 23, 27, and 31 January 2017 depending on island (next to be held in 2020)" + "text": "last held on 23 January 2020 depending on island (next to be held in January 2023)" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 20; composition - men 17, women 3, percent of women 15%" @@ -315,22 +316,29 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The principal sources of revenue are from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand. ++ The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $15 million annually in FY12/13 and FY13/14 - to maintain public services. New Zealand's support amounts to 80% of Tokelau's recurrent government budget. An international trust fund, currently worth nearly $32 million, was established in 2004 by New Zealand to provide Tokelau an independent source of revenue." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.5 million (1993 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 229 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "note": "NA" }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "4% (2020 est.) / 2.5% (2019 est.) / 11% (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: Tokelau notes that its wide inflation swings are due almost entirely due to cigarette prices, a chief import.", + "country comparison to the world": 168 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$7,711,583 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars." + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$12.658 million (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data uses New Zealand Dollar (NZD) as the currency of exchange." + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$1,000 (1993 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 225 + "text": "$6,004 (2017 est.) / $4,855 (2016 est.) / $4,292 (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars.", + "country comparison to the world": 146 }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -343,6 +351,8 @@ "text": "NA" } }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats; fish" }, @@ -350,45 +360,50 @@ "text": "small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "440 (2001)", - "country comparison to the world": 231 + "text": "1,100 (2019 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 228 }, "Unemployment rate": { - "note": "NA" + "text": "2% (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: Underemployment may be as high as 6.6%", + "country comparison to the world": 21 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" }, "Budget": { "revenues": { - "text": "430,800 (1987 est.)" + "text": "24,324,473 (2017 est.)" }, "expenditures": { - "text": "2.8 million (1987 est.)" + "text": "11,666,542 (2017 est.)" } }, "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "note": "NA" - }, "Exports": { - "text": "$0 (2002 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 224 + "text": "$103,000 (2015 est.) / $102,826 (2002 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 222 + }, + "Exports - partners": { + "text": "Samoa, Cook Islands, New Zealand (2020)" }, "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "stamps, copra, handicrafts" + "text": "fishery supplies, handicrafts, recyclables, stamps" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$969,200 (2002 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 224 + "text": "$15,792,720 (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 223 }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "foodstuffs, building materials, fuel" + "text": "alcohol, automobiles, building materials, foodstuffs, fuel, tobacco" + }, + "Imports - partners": { + "text": "Samoa, New Zealand, Cook Islands (2020)" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - / 1.416 (2017 est.) / 1.4279 (2016 est.) / 1.4279 (2015) / 1.4279 (2014 est.) / 1.2039 (2013 est.)" + "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - / 1.543 (2017 est.)" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/tn.json b/australia-oceania/tn.json index 1903836f..262aa98b 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tn.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tn.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "30 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 190 + "country comparison to the world": 189 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "four times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "106,095 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "country comparison to the world": 192 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -169,19 +169,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.16% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "21 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 71 + "country comparison to the world": 70 }, "Death rate": { "text": "4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-17.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 224 + "country comparison to the world": 223 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "over two-thirds of the population lives on the island of Tongatapu; only 45 of the nation's 171 islands are occupied" @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "female": { "text": "9.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 129 + "country comparison to the world": 128 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.87 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 57 + "country comparison to the world": 56 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "34.1% (2012)" @@ -492,25 +492,39 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Tonga has a small, open island economy and is the last constitutional monarchy among the Pacific Island countries. It has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, vanilla beans, and yams are the main crops. Agricultural exports, including fish, make up two-thirds of total exports. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. Tonga had 53,800 visitors in 2015. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. ++ The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from overseas Tongans to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, encouraging investment, and is committing increased funds for health care and education. Tonga's English-speaking and educated workforce offers a viable labor market, and the tropical climate provides fertile soil. Renewable energy and deep-sea mining also offer opportunities for investment. ++ Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well developed social services. But the government faces high unemployment among the young, moderate inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "2.5% (2017 est.) / 4.2% (2016 est.) / 3.5% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 115 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "7.4% (2017 est.) / 2.6% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 196 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$591 million (2017 est.) / $576.6 million (2016 est.) / $553.6 million (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$455 million (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.) / 4.2% (2016 est.) / 3.5% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 115 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$5,900 (2017 est.) / $5,700 (2016 est.) / $5,400 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 167 + "country comparison to the world": 150 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "19.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "20.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "59.8% (2017 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -532,16 +546,8 @@ "text": "-68.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "19.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "20.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "59.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "72.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, sweet potatoes, cassava, taro, and kava" @@ -555,7 +561,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "33,800 (2011 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -606,10 +612,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "7.4% (2017 est.) / 2.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 195 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$53 million (2017 est.) / -$30 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 81 @@ -626,7 +628,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$250.2 million (2017 est.) / $269.8 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals" @@ -643,19 +645,19 @@ "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "pa'anga (TOP) per US dollar - / 2.228 (2017 est.) / 2.216 (2016 est.) / 2.216 (2015 est.) / 2.106 (2014 est.) / 1.847 (2013 est.)" + "text": "pa'anga (TOP) per US dollar - / 2.27015 (2020 est.) / 2.29095 (2019 est.) / 2.22717 (2018 est.) / 2.106 (2014 est.) / 1.847 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "97% (2016)" + "text": "98.9% (2018)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "98.6% (2016)" + "text": "98.9% (2018)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "96.6% (2016)" + "text": "98.9% (2018)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -676,11 +678,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "20,300 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "74% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 98 + "country comparison to the world": 97 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -716,7 +718,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "900 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -724,7 +726,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "910 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -748,7 +750,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "139,700 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 204 } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/tv.json b/australia-oceania/tv.json index df09a5b5..9881940a 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tv.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tv.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 238 + "country comparison to the world": 237 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "0.1 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "11,342 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 222 + "country comparison to the world": 221 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -157,11 +157,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.87% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 120 + "country comparison to the world": 119 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "23.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 54 + "country comparison to the world": 53 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-6.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "over half of the population resides on the atoll of Funafuti" @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ "female": { "text": "24.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 67 + "country comparison to the world": 66 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.88 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 56 + "country comparison to the world": 55 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -431,25 +431,41 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Tuvalu consists of a densely populated, scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. Only eight of the atolls are inhabited. It is one of the smallest countries in the world, with its highest point at 4.6 meters above sea level. The country is isolated, almost entirely dependent on imports, particularly of food and fuel, and vulnerable to climate change and rising sea levels, which pose significant challenges to development. ++ The public sector dominates economic activity. Tuvalu has few natural resources, except for its fisheries. Earnings from fish exports and fishing licenses for Tuvalu's territorial waters are a significant source of government revenue. In 2013, revenue from fishing licenses doubled and totaled more than 45% of GDP. ++ Official aid from foreign development partners has also increased. Tuvalu has substantial assets abroad. The Tuvalu Trust Fund, an international trust fund established in 1987 by development partners, has grown to $104 million (A$141 million) in 2014 and is an important cushion for meeting shortfalls in the government's budget. While remittances are another substantial source of income, the value of remittances has declined since the 2008-09 global financial crisis, but has stabilized at nearly $4 million per year. The financial impact of climate change and the cost of climate related adaptation projects is one of many concerns for the nation." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "3.2% (2017 est.) / 3% (2016 est.) / 9.1% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 94 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "4.1% (2017 est.) / 3.5% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 172 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$42 million (2017 est.) / $40.68 million (2016 est.) / $39.48 million (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 226 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$40 million (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.2% (2017 est.) / 3% (2016 est.) / 9.1% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 94 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$3,800 (2017 est.) / $3,700 (2016 est.) / $3,600 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 180 + "country comparison to the world": 167 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "24.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "5.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "70% (2012 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "government consumption": { @@ -465,16 +481,7 @@ "text": "-66.1% (2016 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "24.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "5.6% (2012 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "70% (2012 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coconuts; fish" @@ -488,7 +495,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "3,615 (2004 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 225 + "country comparison to the world": 224 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "note": "note: most people make a living through exploitation of the sea, reefs, and atolls - and through overseas remittances (mostly from workers in the phosphate industry and sailors)" @@ -532,10 +539,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.1% (2017 est.) / 3.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 162 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$2 million (2017 est.) / $8 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 64 @@ -552,7 +555,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$20.69 billion (2018 est.) / $19.09 billion (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 74 + "country comparison to the world": 81 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods" @@ -587,11 +590,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "5,100 kW (2011 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "96% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 43 + "country comparison to the world": 42 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2014)", @@ -704,7 +707,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "1 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 237 + "country comparison to the world": 236 }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/um.json b/australia-oceania/um.json index 8db712f7..fd179986 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/um.json +++ b/australia-oceania/um.json @@ -111,8 +111,10 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "no economic activity" + }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/wf.json b/australia-oceania/wf.json index f6e051be..297e1bfe 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/wf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/wf.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes Ile Uvea (Wallis Island), Ile Futuna (Futuna Island), Ile Alofi, and 20 islets", - "country comparison to the world": 221 + "country comparison to the world": 220 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "1.5 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "15,854 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 221 + "country comparison to the world": 220 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -141,20 +141,20 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.28% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 174 + "country comparison to the world": 173 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "12.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 151 + "country comparison to the world": 150 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 179 + "country comparison to the world": 178 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-4.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", "note": "note: there has been steady emigration from Wallis and Futuna to New Caledonia", - "country comparison to the world": 192 + "country comparison to the world": 191 }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { @@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 189 + "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.71 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 172 + "country comparison to the world": 171 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -324,16 +324,16 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by High Administrator Thierry QUEFFELEC (since 7 January 2019)" + "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Administrator Superior Herve JONATHAN (since 25 November 2020)" }, "head of government": { "text": "President of the Territorial Assembly David VERGE (since 4 April 2017)" }, "cabinet": { - "text": "Council of the Territory appointed by the high administrator on the advice of the Territorial Assembly" + "text": "Council of the Territory appointed by the administrator superior on the advice of the Territorial Assembly" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "French president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); high administrator appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the Territorial Government and the Territorial Assembly elected by assembly members" + "text": "French president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); administrator superior appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the Territorial Government and the Territorial Assembly elected by assembly members" }, "note": "note: there are 3 traditional kings with limited powers" }, @@ -383,30 +383,25 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy is limited to traditional subsistence agriculture, with about 80% of labor force earnings coming from agriculture (coconuts and vegetables), livestock (mostly pigs), and fishing. However, roughly 70% of the labor force is employed in the public sector, although only about a third of the population is in salaried employment. ++ Revenues come from French Government subsidies, licensing of fishing rights to Japan and South Korea, import taxes, and remittances from expatriate workers in New Caledonia. France directly finances the public sector and health-care and education services. It also provides funding for key development projects in a range of areas, including infrastructure, economic development, environmental management, and health-care facilities. ++ A key concern for Wallis and Futuna is an aging population with consequent economic development issues. Very few people aged 18-30 live on the islands due to the limited formal employment opportunities. Improving job creation is a current priority for the territorial government." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$60 million (2004 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 225 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "note": "NA" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.9% (2015) / 2.8% (2005)", + "country comparison to the world": 63 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$60 million (2004 est.)" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$195 million (2005) (2005)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "note": "NA" - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$3,800 (2004 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 181 - }, - "GDP - composition, by end use": { - "household consumption": { - "text": "26% (2005)" - }, - "government consumption": { - "text": "54% (2005)" - } + "country comparison to the world": 168 }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -419,6 +414,16 @@ "text": "NA" } }, + "GDP - composition, by end use": { + "household consumption": { + "text": "26% (2005)" + }, + "government consumption": { + "text": "54% (2005)" + } + }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coconuts, breadfruit, yams, taro, bananas; pigs, goats; fish" }, @@ -430,7 +435,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "4,482 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 223 + "country comparison to the world": 222 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -445,7 +450,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "8.8% (2013 est.) / 12.2% (2008 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 133 + "country comparison to the world": 134 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -482,13 +487,9 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.9% (2015) / 2.8% (2005)", - "country comparison to the world": 48 - }, "Exports": { "text": "$47,450 (2004 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 222 + "country comparison to the world": 223 }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "copra, chemicals, construction materials" @@ -549,7 +550,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "2 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/wq.json b/australia-oceania/wq.json index 48826ae3..c2b74e71 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/wq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/wq.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 246 + "country comparison to the world": 245 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about 11 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC" @@ -122,8 +122,10 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Economic activity is limited to providing services to military personnel and contractors located on the island. All food and manufactured goods must be imported." + }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { } }, "Energy": { @@ -150,7 +152,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "1 (2018)", - "country comparison to the world": 238 + "country comparison to the world": 237 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ws.json b/australia-oceania/ws.json index 45895e2c..abf5b41b 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ws.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ws.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "10 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 178 + "country comparison to the world": 177 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Rhode Island" @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "203,774 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 185 + "country comparison to the world": 184 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -169,19 +169,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.61% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 149 + "country comparison to the world": 148 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "19.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 77 + "country comparison to the world": 76 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 187 + "country comparison to the world": 186 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-8.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "about three-quarters of the population lives on the island of Upolu" @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "female": { "text": "13.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 88 + "country comparison to the world": 87 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.5 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 75 + "country comparison to the world": 74 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "26.9% (2014)" @@ -310,8 +310,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 97 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.1% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 99 + "text": "4.2% of GDP (2016)", + "country comparison to the world": 88 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (50 seats for 2016-2021 term); members from 49 single-seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote and 1 seat for a woman, added for the 2016 election to meet the mandated 10% representation of women in the Assembly; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "election last held on 4 March 2016 (next election to be held no later than March 2021)" + "text": "election last held on 4 March 2016 (next election to be held on 9 April 2021)" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party - HRPP 89.8%, Tautua Samoa 4.1%, independent 6.1%; seats by party – initial election results - HRPP 44, Tautua Samoa 2, independents 3; post-election party affiliation – HRPP 47, (informal) opposition 3; composition - men 45, women 5, percent of women 10%" @@ -516,25 +516,39 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on development aid, family remittances from overseas, tourism, agriculture, and fishing. It has a nominal GDP of $844 million. Agriculture, including fishing, furnishes 90% of exports, featuring fish, coconut oil, nonu products, and taro. The manufacturing sector mainly processes agricultural products. Industry accounts for nearly 22% of GDP while employing less than 6% of the work force. The service sector accounts for nearly two-thirds of GDP and employs approximately 50% of the labor force. Tourism is an expanding sector accounting for 25% of GDP; 132,000 tourists visited the islands in 2013. ++ The country is vulnerable to devastating storms. In September 2009, an earthquake and the resulting tsunami severely damaged Samoa and nearby American Samoa, disrupting transportation and power generation, and resulting in about 200 deaths. In December 2012, extensive flooding and wind damage from Tropical Cyclone Evan killed four people, displaced over 6,000, and damaged or destroyed an estimated 1,500 homes on Samoa's Upolu Island. ++ The Samoan Government has called for deregulation of the country's financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline, while at the same time protecting the environment. Foreign reserves are relatively healthy and inflation is low, but external debt is approximately 45% of GDP. Samoa became the 155th member of the WTO in May 2012, and graduated from least developed country status in January 2014." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "2.5% (2017 est.) / 7.1% (2016 est.) / 1.6% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 114 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.3% (2017 est.) / 0.1% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 79 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$1.137 billion (2017 est.) / $1.11 billion (2016 est.) / $1.036 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$841 million (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.) / 7.1% (2016 est.) / 1.6% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 114 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$5,700 (2017 est.) / $5,700 (2016 est.) / $5,300 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 169 + "country comparison to the world": 153 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "10.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "23.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "66% (2017 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -556,16 +570,8 @@ "text": "-50.5% (2015 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "10.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "23.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "66% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "92.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coconuts, nonu, bananas, taro, yams, coffee, cocoa" @@ -579,7 +585,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "50,700 (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "country comparison to the world": 192 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -595,7 +601,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5.2% (2017 est.) / 5.5% (2016 est.)", "note": "NA", - "country comparison to the world": 83 + "country comparison to the world": 84 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -631,17 +637,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "June 1 - May 31" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.) / 0.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 72 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$19 million (2017 est.) / -$37 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 72 }, "Exports": { "text": "$27.5 million (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Australia 22.9%, NZ 22.8%, American Samoa 22.1%, Afghanistan 14.9%, US 5.9% (2017)" @@ -651,7 +653,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$89.29 billion (2018 est.) / $312.6 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 41 + "country comparison to the world": 50 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, industrial supplies, foodstuffs" @@ -668,7 +670,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 179 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "tala (SAT) per US dollar - / 2.566 (2017 est.) / 2.565 (2016 est.) / 2.565 (2015 est.) / 2.5609 (2014 est.) / 2.3318 (2013 est.)" + "text": "tala (SAT) per US dollar - / 2.54712 (2020 est.) / 2.65534 (2019 est.) / 2.57069 (2018 est.) / 2.5609 (2014 est.) / 2.3318 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -695,11 +697,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "45,000 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "48% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 155 + "country comparison to the world": 154 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -843,7 +845,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "4 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 188 + "country comparison to the world": 187 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json index 70c5a086..f4056149 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "country comparison to the world": 217 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than Washington, DC" @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "119,428 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 189 + "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -158,11 +158,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.19% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 91 + "country comparison to the world": 90 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "12.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 160 + "country comparison to the world": 159 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ "female": { "text": "6.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 132 + "country comparison to the world": 131 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.83 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 143 + "country comparison to the world": 142 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -263,8 +263,8 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.2% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 27 + "text": "5.5% of GDP (2016)", + "country comparison to the world": 33 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -421,28 +421,50 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Tourism, petroleum bunkering, hospitality, and financial and business services are the mainstays of the small open Aruban economy. ++ Tourism accounts for a majority of economic activity; as of 2017, over 2 million tourists visited Aruba annually, with the large majority (80-85%) of those from the US. The rapid growth of the tourism sector has resulted in a substantial expansion of other activities. Construction continues to boom, especially in the hospitality sector. ++ Aruba is heavily dependent on imports and is making efforts to expand exports to improve its trade balance. Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, with the US, the Netherlands, and Panama being the major suppliers. ++ In 2016, Citgo Petroleum Corporation, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Petroleos de Venezuela SA, and the Government of Aruba signed an agreement to restart Valero Energy Corp.'s former 235,000-b/d refinery. Tourism and related industries have continued to grow, and the Aruban Government is working to attract more diverse industries. Aruba's banking sector continues to be a strong sector; unemployment has significantly decreased." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$4.158 billion (2017 est.) / $4.107 billion (2016 est.) / $4.112 billion (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 180 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "1.2% (2017 est.) / -0.1% (2016 est.) / -0.4% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 166 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-0.5% (2017 est.) / -0.9% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 13 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB+ (2013)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$4.158 billion (2017 est.) / $4.107 billion (2016 est.) / $4.112 billion (2015 est.)" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$2.7 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2017 est.) / -0.1% (2016 est.) / -0.4% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 166 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$37,500 (2017 est.) / $37,300 (2016 est.) / $37,700 (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 51 + "country comparison to the world": 45 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "17% of GDP (2017 est.) / 17.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 15.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 120 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.4% (2002 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "33.3% (2002 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "66.3% (2002 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "60.3% (2014 est.)" @@ -463,16 +485,7 @@ "text": "-76.6% (2015 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.4% (2002 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "33.3% (2002 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "66.3% (2002 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "aloes; livestock; fish" @@ -486,7 +499,7 @@ "Labor force": { "text": "51,610 (2007 est.)", "note": "note: of the 51,610 workers aged 15 and over in the labor force, 32,252 were born in Aruba and 19,353 came from abroad; foreign workers are 38% of the employed population", - "country comparison to the world": 191 + "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -502,7 +515,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "7.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 119 + "country comparison to the world": 120 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -538,17 +551,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.5% (2017 est.) / -0.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 6 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$22 million (2017 est.) / $133 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 59 }, "Exports": { "text": "$137.1 million (2017 est.) / $283.1 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "country comparison to the world": 196 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 20.2%, Colombia 17.6%, Venezuela 13%, Netherlands 9.1%, Thailand 8.4%, Panama 4.8% (2017)" @@ -558,7 +567,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$1.122 billion (2017 est.) / $1.142 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 182 + "country comparison to the world": 183 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and electrical equipment, refined oil for bunkering and reexport, chemicals; foodstuffs" @@ -580,17 +589,8 @@ }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "11,364 (2012)" - }, "electrification - total population": { - "text": "95.6% (2016)" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "92.5% (2016)" + "text": "100% (2020)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "87% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 61 + "country comparison to the world": 60 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "1 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json index 7f8d72fc..c298482e 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes Redonda, 1.6 sq km", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "98,179 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "country comparison to the world": 196 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "African descent 87.3%, mixed 4.7%, hispanic 2.7%, white 1.6%, other 2.7%, unspecified 0.9% (2011 est.)", + "text": "African descent 87.3%, mixed 4.7%, Hispanic 2.7%, White 1.6%, other 2.7%, unspecified 0.9% (2011 est.)", "note": "note: data represent population by ethnic group" }, "Languages": { @@ -173,19 +173,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.18% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 92 + "country comparison to the world": 91 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "15.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 114 + "country comparison to the world": 113 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 174 + "country comparison to the world": 173 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "2.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 47 + "country comparison to the world": 46 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the island of Antigua is home to approximately 97% of the population; nearly the entire population of Barbuda lives in Codrington" @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ "female": { "text": "9.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 119 + "country comparison to the world": 118 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.97 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 114 + "country comparison to the world": 113 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -292,8 +292,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 113 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2009)", - "country comparison to the world": 158 + "text": "NA" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -467,30 +466,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Tourism continues to dominate Antigua and Barbuda's economy, accounting for nearly 60% of GDP and 40% of investment. The dual-island nation's agricultural production is focused on the domestic market and constrained by a limited water supply and a labor shortage stemming from the lure of higher wages in tourism and construction. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic components. ++ Like other countries in the region, Antigua's economy was severely hit by effects of the global economic recession in 2009. The country suffered from the collapse of its largest private sector employer, a steep decline in tourism, a rise in debt, and a sharp economic contraction between 2009 and 2011. Antigua has not yet returned to its pre-crisis growth levels. Barbuda suffered significant damages after hurricanes Irma and Maria passed through the Caribbean in 2017. ++ Prospects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to depend on tourist arrivals from the US, Canada, and Europe and could be disrupted by potential damage from natural disasters. The new government, elected in 2014 and led by Prime Minister Gaston Browne, continues to face significant fiscal challenges. The government places some hope in a new Citizenship by Investment Program, to both reduce public debt levels and spur growth, and a resolution of a WTO dispute with the US." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.398 billion (2017 est.) / $2.334 billion (2016 est.) / $2.215 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "2.8% (2017 est.) / 5.3% (2016 est.) / 4.1% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 103 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.5% (2017 est.) / -0.5% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 127 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$2.397 billion (2017 est.) / $2.334 billion (2016 est.) / $2.215 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$1.524 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.8% (2017 est.) / 5.3% (2016 est.) / 4.1% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 103 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$26,400 (2017 est.) / $25,900 (2016 est.) / $24,900 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 78 + "country comparison to the world": 60 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "17.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 24.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 30.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 115 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "20.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "77.3% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "53.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -511,16 +524,8 @@ "text": "-66.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "20.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "77.3% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "68.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cotton, fruits, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; livestock" @@ -534,7 +539,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "30,000 (1991)", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -549,7 +554,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "11% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 154 + "country comparison to the world": 155 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -585,17 +590,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.) / -0.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 122 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$112 million (2017 est.) / $2 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 89 }, "Exports": { "text": "$86.7 million (2017 est.) / $56.5 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Poland 62.2%, Cameroon 9.5%, US 5.1%, UK 4.5% (2017)" @@ -623,17 +624,8 @@ }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "9,358 (2012)" - }, "electrification - total population": { - "text": "97.4% (2016)" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100% (2016)" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "96.5% (2016)" + "text": "100% (2020)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -658,7 +650,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "97% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 31 + "country comparison to the world": 30 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -805,7 +797,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "3 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "country comparison to the world": 192 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json index de02e459..e05ed52f 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 227 + "country comparison to the world": 226 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about one-half the size of Washington, DC" @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "18,090 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 220 + "country comparison to the world": 219 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -144,15 +144,15 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.86% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 54 + "country comparison to the world": 53 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "12.2 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 158 + "country comparison to the world": 157 }, "Death rate": { "text": "4.8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "11.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ "female": { "text": "2.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.74 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 161 + "country comparison to the world": 160 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -378,23 +378,37 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Anguilla has few natural resources, is unsuited for agriculture, and the economy depends heavily on luxury tourism, offshore banking, lobster fishing, and remittances from emigrants. Increased activity in the tourism industry has spurred the growth of the construction sector contributing to economic growth. Anguillan officials have put substantial effort into developing the offshore financial sector, which is small but growing. In the medium term, prospects for the economy will depend largely on the recovery of the tourism sector and, therefore, on revived income growth in the industrialized nations as well as on favorable weather conditions." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$175.4 million (2009 est.) / $191.7 million (2008 est.) / $108.9 million (2004 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 222 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "-8.5% (2009 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 220 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.3% (2017 est.) / -0.6% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 77 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$175.4 million (2009 est.) / $191.7 million (2008 est.) / $108.9 million (2004 est.)" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$175.4 million (2009 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-8.5% (2009 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 220 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$12,200 (2008 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 130 + "country comparison to the world": 105 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "10.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "86.4% (2017 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -416,16 +430,7 @@ "text": "-67.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "10.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "86.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "small quantities of tobacco, vegetables; cattle raising" @@ -439,7 +444,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "6,049 (2001)", - "country comparison to the world": 219 + "country comparison to the world": 218 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -469,7 +474,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "8% (2002)", - "country comparison to the world": 123 + "country comparison to the world": 124 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "23% (2002 est.)" @@ -505,10 +510,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.) / -0.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 67 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$23.2 million (2017 est.) / -$25.3 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 73 @@ -600,7 +601,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "1 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json index e3fa8179..872b1e07 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "294,560 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 182 + "country comparison to the world": 181 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "African descent 92.4%, mixed 3.1%, white 2.7%, East Indian 1.3%, other 0.2%, unspecified 0.3% (2010 est.)" + "text": "African descent 92.4%, mixed 3.1%, White 2.7%, East Indian 1.3%, other 0.2%, unspecified 0.3% (2010 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "English (official), Bajan (English-based creole language, widely spoken in informal settings)" @@ -165,11 +165,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.23% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 179 + "country comparison to the world": 178 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11.3 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 173 + "country comparison to the world": 172 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 112 + "country comparison to the world": 111 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most densely populated country in the eastern Caribbean; approximately one-third live in urban areas" @@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ "female": { "text": "8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 135 + "country comparison to the world": 134 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.68 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 178 + "country comparison to the world": 177 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "59.2% (2012)" @@ -296,8 +296,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 94 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.7% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 76 + "text": "4.4% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 80 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -498,30 +498,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Barbados is the wealthiest and one of the most developed countries in the Eastern Caribbean and enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the region. Historically, the Barbadian economy was dependent on sugarcane cultivation and related activities. However, in recent years the economy has diversified into light industry and tourism. Offshore finance and information services are important foreign exchange earners, boosted by being in the same time zone as eastern US financial centers and by a relatively highly educated workforce. Following the 2008-09 recession, external vulnerabilities such as fluctuations in international oil prices have hurt economic growth, raised Barbados' already high public debt to GDP ratio - which stood at 105% of GDP in 2016 - and cut into its international reserves." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "-0.2% (2017 est.) / 2.3% (2016 est.) / 2.2% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 196 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "4.4% (2017 est.) / 1.5% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 175 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Caa1 (2019)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B- (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$5.218 billion (2017 est.) / $5.227 billion (2016 est.) / $5.111 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 178 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$4.99 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-0.2% (2017 est.) / 2.3% (2016 est.) / 2.2% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 196 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$18,600 (2017 est.) / $18,700 (2016 est.) / $18,300 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 95 + "country comparison to the world": 78 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "7.2% of GDP (2017 est.) / 11.8% of GDP (2016 est.) / 10.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 171 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "9.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "88.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "84.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -542,16 +564,8 @@ "text": "-47% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "9.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "88.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "57.9 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "sugarcane, vegetables, cotton" @@ -580,7 +594,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "10.1% (2017 est.) / 9.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 148 + "country comparison to the world": 149 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -616,10 +630,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.4% (2017 est.) / 1.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 164 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$189 million (2017 est.) / -$206 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 97 @@ -636,7 +646,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$1.52 billion (2017 est.) / $1.541 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 174 + "country comparison to the world": 176 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction materials, chemicals, fuel, electrical components" @@ -685,7 +695,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "93% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 50 + "country comparison to the world": 49 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -818,7 +828,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "1 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json index 4c4fdefc..4c9e63ad 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "3,870 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 161 + "country comparison to the world": 160 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Connecticut" @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ "Population": { "text": "337,721 (July 2020 est.)", "note": "note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected", - "country comparison to the world": 179 + "country comparison to the world": 178 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "black 90.6%, white 4.7%, black and white 2.1%, other 1.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2010 est.)", + "text": "Black 90.6%, White 4.7%, mixed 2.1%, other 1.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2010 est.)", "note": "note: data represent population by racial group" }, "Languages": { @@ -167,19 +167,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.75% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 133 + "country comparison to the world": 132 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "14.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 121 + "country comparison to the world": 120 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 108 + "country comparison to the world": 107 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 77 + "country comparison to the world": 76 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population lives in urban areas, with two-thirds living on New Providence Island where Nassau is located" @@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ "female": { "text": "10.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 128 + "country comparison to the world": 127 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.92 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 126 + "country comparison to the world": 125 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -475,30 +475,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The Bahamas has the second highest per capita GDP in the English-speaking Caribbean with an economy heavily dependent on tourism and financial services. Tourism accounts for approximately 50% of GDP and directly or indirectly employs half of the archipelago's labor force. Financial services constitute the second-most important sector of the Bahamian economy, accounting for about 15% of GDP. Manufacturing and agriculture combined contribute less than 7% of GDP and show little growth, despite government incentives aimed at those sectors. The new government led by Prime Minister Hubert MINNIS has prioritized addressing fiscal imbalances and rising debt, which stood at 75% of GDP in 2016. Large capital projects like the Baha Mar Casino and Hotel are driving growth. Public debt increased in 2017 in large part due to hurricane reconstruction and relief financing. The primary fiscal balance was a deficit of 0.4% of GDP in 2016. The Bahamas is the only country in the Western Hemisphere that is not a member of the World Trade Organization." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "1.4% (2017 est.) / -1.7% (2016 est.) / 1% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 159 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.4% (2017 est.) / -0.3% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 82 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba2 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BB- (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$12.06 billion (2017 est.) / $11.89 billion (2016 est.) / $12.09 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 156 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$12.16 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.) / -1.7% (2016 est.) / 1% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 159 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$32,400 (2017 est.) / $32,300 (2016 est.) / $33,200 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 62 + "country comparison to the world": 54 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "11.4% of GDP (2017 est.) / 18.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 12.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 155 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "7.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "90% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "68% (2017 est.)" @@ -519,16 +541,8 @@ "text": "-41.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "7.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "90% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "59.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "citrus, vegetables; poultry; seafood" @@ -560,7 +574,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "10.1% (2017 est.) / 12.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 147 + "country comparison to the world": 148 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "9.3% (2010 est.)" @@ -596,10 +610,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.) / -0.3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 75 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.909 billion (2017 est.) / -$868 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 166 @@ -616,7 +626,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$3.18 billion (2017 est.) / $2.594 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 146 + "country comparison to the world": 151 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, mineral fuels; food and live animals" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json index 06b1d347..c09a4b11 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "160 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 152 + "country comparison to the world": 151 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Massachusetts" @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "399,598 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 176 + "country comparison to the world": 175 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "mestizo 52.9%, Creole 25.9%, Maya 11.3%, Garifuna 6.1%, East Indian 3.9%, Mennonite 3.6%, white 1.2%, Asian 1%, other 1.2%, unknown 0.3% (2010 est.)", + "text": "mestizo 52.9%, Creole 25.9%, Maya 11.3%, Garifuna 6.1%, East Indian 3.9%, Mennonite 3.6%, White 1.2%, Asian 1%, other 1.2%, unknown 0.3% (2010 est.)", "note": "note: percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one ethnic origin" }, "Languages": { @@ -178,19 +178,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.72% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 61 + "country comparison to the world": 60 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "22 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 66 + "country comparison to the world": 65 }, "Death rate": { "text": "4.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 142 + "country comparison to the world": 141 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "approximately 25% to 30% of the population lives in the former capital, Belize City; over half of the overall population is rural; population density is slightly higher in the north and east" @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "female": { "text": "10 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 118 + "country comparison to the world": 117 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.7 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 64 + "country comparison to the world": 63 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "51.4% (2015/16)" @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 85 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "7.4% of GDP (2017)", + "text": "7.6% of GDP (2018)", "country comparison to the world": 9 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { @@ -504,30 +504,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Tourism is the number one foreign exchange earner in this small economy, followed by exports of sugar, bananas, citrus, marine products, and crude oil. ++ The government's expansionary monetary and fiscal policies, initiated in September 1998, led to GDP growth averaging nearly 4% in 1999-2007, but GPD growth has averaged only 2.1% from 2007-2016, with 2.5% growth estimated for 2017. Belize's dependence on energy imports makes it susceptible to energy price shocks. ++ Although Belize has the third highest per capita income in Central America, the average income figure masks a huge income disparity between rich and poor, and a key government objective remains reducing poverty and inequality with the help of international donors. High unemployment, a growing trade deficit and heavy foreign debt burden continue to be major concerns. Belize faces continued pressure from rising sovereign debt, and a growing trade imbalance." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "0.8% (2017 est.) / -0.5% (2016 est.) / 3.8% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 177 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.1% (2017 est.) / 0.7% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 69 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Caa3 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "CCC+ (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$3.218 billion (2017 est.) / $3.194 billion (2016 est.) / $3.21 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 187 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$1.854 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.8% (2017 est.) / -0.5% (2016 est.) / 3.8% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 177 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$8,300 (2017 est.) / $8,500 (2016 est.) / $8,800 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 149 + "country comparison to the world": 124 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "11.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 13.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / 14.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 157 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "10.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "21.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "68% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "75.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -548,16 +570,8 @@ "text": "-63.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "10.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "21.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "68% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "55.5 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "bananas, cacao, citrus, sugar; fish, cultured shrimp; lumber" @@ -572,7 +586,7 @@ "Labor force": { "text": "120,500 (2008 est.)", "note": "note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel", - "country comparison to the world": 180 + "country comparison to the world": 179 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -587,7 +601,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "9% (2017 est.) / 8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 137 + "country comparison to the world": 138 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "41% (2013 est.)" @@ -623,10 +637,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.1% (2017 est.) / 0.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 55 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$143 million (2017 est.) / -$163 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 92 @@ -643,7 +653,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$845.9 million (2017 est.) / $916.2 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 188 + "country comparison to the world": 189 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods; fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals; food, beverages, tobacco" @@ -669,10 +679,10 @@ "text": "99.5% (2018)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "97.1% (2016)" + "text": "98.2% (2018)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "88.4% (2016)" + "text": "100% (2018)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -697,7 +707,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "51% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 147 + "country comparison to the world": 146 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json index b2ce206c..e81faf72 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 249 + "country comparison to the world": 248 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about nine times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC" @@ -118,8 +118,10 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Subsistence fishing and commercial trawling occur within refuge waters." + }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { } }, "Transportation": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json index 5e6d60e8..49a10c12 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "1.5 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ "Population": { "text": "61,944 (July 2020 est.)", "note": "note: most of the population lives on Grand Cayman", - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "mixed 40%, white 20%, black 20%, expatriates of various ethnic groups 20%" + "text": "mixed 40%, White 20%, Black 20%, expatriates of various ethnic groups 20%" }, "Languages": { "text": "English (official) 90.9%, Spanish 4%, Filipino 3.3%, other 1.7%, unspecified 0.1% (2010 est.)" @@ -144,15 +144,15 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.9% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 51 + "country comparison to the world": 50 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 164 + "country comparison to the world": 163 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 159 + "country comparison to the world": 158 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ "female": { "text": "4.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 172 + "country comparison to the world": 171 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.83 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 144 + "country comparison to the world": 143 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly (21 seats; 19 members directly elected by majority vote and 2 ex officio members - the deputy governor and attorney general - appointed by the governor; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 24 May 2017 (next to be held in 2021)" + "text": "last held on 24 May 2017 (next to be held on 26 May 2021)" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party - independent 44.7%, PPM 31.2%, CDP 24.1%; seats by party - independent 9, PPM 7, CDP 3; composition - men 18, women 3, percent of women 14.3%" @@ -400,23 +400,42 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "With no direct taxation, the islands are a thriving offshore financial center. More than 65,000 companies were registered in the Cayman Islands as of 2017, including more than 280 banks, 700 insurers, and 10,500 mutual funds. A stock exchange was opened in 1997. Nearly 90% of the islands' food and consumer goods must be imported. The Caymanians enjoy a standard of living comparable to that of Switzerland. ++ Tourism is also a mainstay, accounting for about 70% of GDP and 75% of foreign currency earnings. The tourist industry is aimed at the luxury market and caters mainly to visitors from North America. Total tourist arrivals exceeded 2.1 million in 2016, with more than three-quarters from the US." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.507 billion (2014 est.) / $2.465 billion (2013 est.) / $2.435 billion (2012 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 192 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "1.7% (2014 est.) / 1.2% (2013 est.) / 1.6% (2012 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 148 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2% (2017 est.) / -0.6% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 110 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aa3 (1997)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$2.507 billion (2014 est.) / $2.465 billion (2013 est.) / $2.435 billion (2012 est.)" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$2.25 billion (2008 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.7% (2014 est.) / 1.2% (2013 est.) / 1.6% (2012 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 148 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$43,800 (2004 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 41 + "country comparison to the world": 37 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "7.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "92.3% (2017 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -438,16 +457,7 @@ "text": "-64.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "7.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "92.3% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "vegetables, fruit; livestock; turtle farming" @@ -462,7 +472,7 @@ "Labor force": { "text": "39,000 (2007 est.)", "note": "note: nearly 55% are non-nationals", - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "country comparison to the world": 196 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -477,7 +487,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4% (2008) / 4.4% (2004)", - "country comparison to the world": 60 + "country comparison to the world": 61 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -509,10 +519,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.) / -0.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 104 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$492.6 million (2017 est.) / -$493.5 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 121 @@ -526,7 +532,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$787.3 million (2017 est.) / $810.1 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 190 + "country comparison to the world": 191 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels" @@ -704,7 +710,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "3 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json index b2f14d92..6aa4349a 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "40 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes Isla del Coco", - "country comparison to the world": 130 + "country comparison to the world": 129 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than West Virginia" @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "white or mestizo 83.6%, mulatto 6.7%, indigenous 2.4%, black of African descent 1.1%, other 1.1%, none 2.9%, unspecified 2.2% (2011 est.)" + "text": "White or Mestizo 83.6%, Mulatto 6.7%, Indigenous 2.4%, Black of African descent 1.1%, other 1.1%, none 2.9%, unspecified 2.2% (2011 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "Spanish (official), English" @@ -180,19 +180,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.08% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 99 + "country comparison to the world": 98 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "14.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 122 + "country comparison to the world": 121 }, "Death rate": { "text": "4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 63 + "country comparison to the world": 62 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "roughly half of the nation's population resides in urban areas; the capital of San Jose is the largest city and home to approximately one-fifth of the population" @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ "female": { "text": "6.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 153 + "country comparison to the world": 152 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.87 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 136 + "country comparison to the world": 135 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "70.9% (2018)" @@ -318,8 +318,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 48 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "7.4% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 10 + "text": "7% of GDP (2019)", + "country comparison to the world": 13 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -532,30 +532,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Since 2010, Costa Rica has enjoyed strong and stable economic growth - 3.8% in 2017. Exports of bananas, coffee, sugar, and beef are the backbone of its commodity exports. Various industrial and processed agricultural products have broadened exports in recent years, as have high value-added goods, including medical devices. Costa Rica's impressive biodiversity also makes it a key destination for ecotourism. ++ Foreign investors remain attracted by the country's political stability and relatively high education levels, as well as the incentives offered in the free-trade zones; Costa Rica has attracted one of the highest levels of foreign direct investment per capita in Latin America. The US-Central American-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), which became effective for Costa Rica in 2009, helped increase foreign direct investment in key sectors of the economy, including insurance and telecommunication. However, poor infrastructure, high energy costs, a complex bureaucracy, weak investor protection, and uncertainty of contract enforcement impede greater investment. ++ Costa Rica's economy also faces challenges due to a rising fiscal deficit, rising public debt, and relatively low levels of domestic revenue. Poverty has remained around 20-25% for nearly 20 years, and the government's strong social safety net has eroded due to increased constraints on its expenditures. Costa Rica's credit rating was downgraded from stable to negative in 2015 and again in 2017, upping pressure on lending rates - which could hurt small business, on the budget deficit - which could hurt infrastructure development, and on the rate of return on investment - which could soften foreign direct investment (FDI). Unlike the rest of Central America, Costa Rica is not highly dependent on remittances - which represented just 1 % of GDP in 2016, but instead relies on FDI - which accounted for 5.1% of GDP." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$83.94 billion (2017 est.) / $81.27 billion (2016 est.) / $77.96 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 93 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$58.27 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "3.3% (2017 est.) / 4.2% (2016 est.) / 3.6% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 90 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2% (2019 est.) / 2.2% (2018 est.) / 1.6% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 111 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B2 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$83.94 billion (2017 est.) / $81.27 billion (2016 est.) / $77.96 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$61.855 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$16,900 (2017 est.) / $16,600 (2016 est.) / $16,100 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 105 + "country comparison to the world": 85 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "15.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / 16.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 15% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 135 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "5.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "20.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "73.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "64.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -576,16 +601,8 @@ "text": "-32.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "5.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "20.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "73.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "69.2 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "bananas, pineapples, coffee, melons, ornamental plants, sugar, corn, rice, beans, potatoes; beef, poultry, dairy; timber" @@ -615,7 +632,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "8.1% (2017 est.) / 9.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 126 + "country comparison to the world": 127 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "21.7% (2014 est.)" @@ -651,17 +668,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.) / 0% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 89 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.692 billion (2017 est.) / -$1.326 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 163 }, "Exports": { "text": "$10.81 billion (2017 est.) / $10.15 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 90 + "country comparison to the world": 94 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 40.9%, Belgium 6.3%, Panama 5.6%, Netherlands 5.6%, Nicaragua 5.1%, Guatemala 5% (2017)" @@ -671,7 +684,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$15.15 billion (2017 est.) / $14.53 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 89 + "country comparison to the world": 93 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment, petroleum, construction materials" @@ -719,7 +732,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "18% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json index 8f637a7e..a977b816 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "1,040 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 107 + "country comparison to the world": 106 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania" @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "white 64.1%, mulatto or mixed 26.6%, black 9.3% (2012 est.)", + "text": "White 64.1%, Mulatto or mixed 26.6%, Black 9.3% (2012 est.)", "note": "note: data represent racial self-identification from Cuba's 2012 national census" }, "Languages": { @@ -179,11 +179,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.25% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "10.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 188 + "country comparison to the world": 187 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-3.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 185 + "country comparison to the world": 184 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "large population clusters found throughout the country, the more significant ones being in the larger towns and cities, particularly the capital of Havana" @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 184 + "country comparison to the world": 183 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.71 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 169 + "country comparison to the world": 168 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "73.7% (2014)" @@ -529,31 +529,50 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The government continues to balance the need for loosening its socialist economic system against a desire for firm political control. In April 2011, the government held the first Cuban Communist Party Congress in almost 13 years, during which leaders approved a plan for wide-ranging economic changes. Since then, the government has slowly and incrementally implemented limited economic reforms, including allowing Cubans to buy electronic appliances and cell phones, stay in hotels, and buy and sell used cars. The government has cut state sector jobs as part of the reform process, and it has opened up some retail services to \"self-employment,\" leading to the rise of so-called \"cuentapropistas\" or entrepreneurs. More than 500,000 Cuban workers are currently registered as self-employed. ++ The Cuban regime has updated its economic model to include permitting the private ownership and sale of real estate and new vehicles, allowing private farmers to sell agricultural goods directly to hotels, allowing the creation of non-agricultural cooperatives, adopting a new foreign investment law, and launching a \"Special Development Zone\" around the Mariel port. ++ Since 2016, Cuba has attributed slowed economic growth in part to problems with petroleum product deliveries from Venezuela. Since late 2000, Venezuela provided petroleum products to Cuba on preferential terms, supplying at times nearly 100,000 barrels per day. Cuba paid for the oil, in part, with the services of Cuban personnel in Venezuela, including some 30,000 medical professionals." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "1.6% (2017 est.) / 0.5% (2016 est.) / 4.4% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 151 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "5.5% (2017 est.) / 4.5% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 189 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Caa2 (2014)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$137 billion (2017 est.) / $134.8 billion (2016 est.) / $134.2 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2016 US dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 79 + "note": "note: data are in 2016 US dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$93.79 billion (2017 est.)", "note": "note: data are in Cuban Pesos at 1 CUP = 1 US$; official exchange rate" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.) / 0.5% (2016 est.) / 4.4% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 151 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$12,300 (2016 est.) / $12,200 (2015 est.) / $12,100 (2014 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2016 US dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 128 + "country comparison to the world": 103 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "11.4% of GDP (2017 est.) / 12.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / 12.1% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 156 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "22.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "73.4% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "57% (2017 est.)" @@ -574,16 +593,7 @@ "text": "-12.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "22.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "73.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "sugar, tobacco, citrus, coffee, rice, potatoes, beans; livestock" @@ -614,7 +624,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "2.6% (2017 est.) / 2.4% (2016 est.)", "note": "note: data are official rates; unofficial estimates are about double", - "country comparison to the world": 29 + "country comparison to the world": 30 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -650,17 +660,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5.5% (2017 est.) / 4.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 178 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$985.4 million (2017 est.) / $2.008 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 50 }, "Exports": { "text": "$2.63 billion (2017 est.) / $2.546 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 131 + "country comparison to the world": 136 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Venezuela 17.8%, Spain 12.2%, Russia 7.9%, Lebanon 6.1%, Indonesia 4.5%, Germany 4.3% (2017)" @@ -670,7 +676,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$11.06 billion (2017 est.) / $10.28 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 98 + "country comparison to the world": 105 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum, food, machinery and equipment, chemicals" @@ -718,7 +724,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "91% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 53 + "country comparison to the world": 52 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json index 88515f1c..0f8be678 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "NEGL" }, - "country comparison to the world": 189 + "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "74,243 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -154,11 +154,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.13% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 184 + "country comparison to the world": 183 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "14.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 127 + "country comparison to the world": 126 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-5.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population is mosly clustered along the coast, with roughly a third living in the parish of St. George, in or around the capital of Roseau; the volcanic interior is sparsely populated" @@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ "female": { "text": "6.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 134 + "country comparison to the world": 133 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.02 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 110 + "country comparison to the world": 109 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -265,8 +265,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 33 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.4% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 125 + "text": "5.6% of GDP (2019)", + "country comparison to the world": 31 }, "People - note": { "text": "3,000-3,500 Kalinago (Carib) still living on Dominica are the only pre-Columbian population remaining in the Caribbean; only 70-100 may be \"pure\" Kalinago because of years of integration into the broader population" @@ -421,30 +421,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The Dominican economy was dependent on agriculture - primarily bananas - in years past, but increasingly has been driven by tourism, as the government seeks to promote Dominica as an \"ecotourism\" destination. However, Hurricane Maria, which passed through the island in September 2017, destroyed much of the country's agricultural sector and caused damage to all of the country's transportation and physical infrastructure. Before Hurricane Maria, the government had attempted to foster an offshore financial industry and planned to sign agreements with the private sector to develop geothermal energy resources. At a time when government finances are fragile, the government's focus has been to get the country back in shape to service cruise ships. The economy contracted in 2015 and recovered to positive growth in 2016 due to a recovery of agriculture and tourism. Dominica suffers from high debt levels, which increased from 67% of GDP in 2010 to 77% in 2016. Dominica is one of five countries in the East Caribbean that have citizenship by investment programs whereby foreigners can obtain passports for a fee and revenue from this contribute to government budgets." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "-4.7% (2017 est.) / 2.6% (2016 est.) / -3.7% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 217 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.6% (2017 est.) / 0% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 46 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$783 million (2017 est.) / $821.5 million (2016 est.) / $800.4 million (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$557 million (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-4.7% (2017 est.) / 2.6% (2016 est.) / -3.7% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 217 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$11,000 (2017 est.) / $11,600 (2016 est.) / $11,300 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 136 + "country comparison to the world": 113 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "10.8% of GDP (2017 est.) / 20% of GDP (2016 est.) / 14.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 160 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "22.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "12.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "65.1% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "60.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -465,16 +479,8 @@ "text": "-62.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "22.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "12.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "65.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "60.5 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "bananas, citrus, mangos, root crops, coconuts, cocoa", @@ -489,7 +495,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "25,000 (2000 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -504,7 +510,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "23% (2000 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 192 + "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "29% (2009 est.)" @@ -540,17 +546,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.6% (2017 est.) / 0% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 32 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$70 million (2017 est.) / $5 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 83 }, "Exports": { "text": "$28 million (2017 est.) / $43.7 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Saudi Arabia 42.6%, Trinidad and Tobago 9.3%, Jamaica 8.1%, St. Kitts and Nevis 7.1%, Guyana 6.7% (2017)" @@ -604,11 +606,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "27,800 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "72% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 102 + "country comparison to the world": 101 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -644,7 +646,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "1,300 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -652,7 +654,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "1,237 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -676,7 +678,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "199,600 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 199 } }, "Communications": { @@ -741,7 +743,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "2 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json index 67cb7930..818192fe 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "350 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 132 + "country comparison to the world": 131 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly more than twice the size of New Jersey" @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "mixed 70.4% (mestizo/indio 58%, mulatto 12.4%), black 15.8%, white 13.5%, other 0.3% (2014 est.)", + "text": "mixed 70.4% (Mestizo/Indio 58%, Mulatto 12.4%), Black 15.8%, White 13.5%, other 0.3% (2014 est.)", "note": "note: respondents self-identified their race; the term \"indio\" in the Dominican Republic is not associated with people of indigenous ancestry but people of mixed ancestry or skin color between light and dark" }, "Languages": { @@ -181,19 +181,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.95% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 112 + "country comparison to the world": 111 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "18.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 83 + "country comparison to the world": 82 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 149 + "country comparison to the world": 148 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-2.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 172 + "country comparison to the world": 171 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "coastal development is significant, especially in the southern coastal plains and the Cibao Valley, where population density is highest; smaller population clusters exist in the interior mountains (Cordillera Central)" @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ "female": { "text": "18.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 73 + "country comparison to the world": 72 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.24 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 89 + "country comparison to the world": 88 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "69.5% (2014)" @@ -540,30 +540,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The Dominican Republic was for most of its history primarily an exporter of sugar, coffee, and tobacco, but over the last three decades the economy has become more diversified as the service sector has overtaken agriculture as the economy's largest employer, due to growth in construction, tourism, and free trade zones. The mining sector has also played a greater role in the export market since late 2012 with the commencement of the extraction phase of the Pueblo Viejo Gold and Silver mine, one of the largest gold mines in the world. ++ For the last 20 years, the Dominican Republic has been one of the fastest growing economies in Latin America. The economy rebounded from the global recession in 2010-16, and the fiscal situation is improving. A tax reform package passed in November 2012, a reduction in government spending, and lower energy costs helped to narrow the central government budget deficit from 6.6% of GDP in 2012 to 2.6% in 2016, and public debt is declining. Marked income inequality, high unemployment, and underemployment remain important long-term challenges; the poorest half of the population receives less than one-fifth of GDP, while the richest 10% enjoys nearly 40% of GDP. ++ The economy is highly dependent upon the US, the destination for approximately half of exports and the source of 40% of imports. Remittances from the US amount to about 7% of GDP, equivalent to about a third of exports and two-thirds of tourism receipts. The Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement came into force in March 2007, boosting investment and manufacturing exports." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$173 billion (2017 est.) / $165.4 billion (2016 est.) / $155.2 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 72 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$76.09 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4.6% (2017 est.) / 6.6% (2016 est.) / 7% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 57 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.8% (2019 est.) / 3.5% (2018 est.) / 3.2% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 101 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB- (2016)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba3 (2017)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BB- (2015)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$173 billion (2017 est.) / $165.4 billion (2016 est.) / $155.2 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$88.956 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$17,000 (2017 est.) / $16,400 (2016 est.) / $15,500 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 103 + "country comparison to the world": 82 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "21.6% of GDP (2017 est.) / 20.8% of GDP (2016 est.) / 20.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 84 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "5.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "33% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "61.4% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "69.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -584,16 +609,8 @@ "text": "-28.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "5.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "33% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "61.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "60.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cocoa, tobacco, sugarcane, coffee, cotton, rice, beans, potatoes, corn, bananas; cattle, pigs, dairy products, beef, eggs" @@ -622,7 +639,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5.1% (2017 est.) / 5.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 80 + "country comparison to the world": 81 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "30.5% (2016 est.)" @@ -658,17 +675,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.3% (2017 est.) / 1.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 137 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$165 million (2017 est.) / -$815 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 96 }, "Exports": { "text": "$10.12 billion (2017 est.) / $9.86 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 91 + "country comparison to the world": 98 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 50.3%, Haiti 9.1%, Canada 8.2%, India 5.6% (2017)" @@ -678,7 +691,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$17.7 billion (2017 est.) / $17.4 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 82 + "country comparison to the world": 90 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum, foodstuffs, cotton and fabrics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals" @@ -726,7 +739,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "77% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 92 + "country comparison to the world": 91 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json index 8caaa23f..46c20e02 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "320 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 154 + "country comparison to the world": 153 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about the same size as New Jersey" @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "mestizo 86.3%, white 12.7%, Amerindian 0.2% (includes Lenca, Kakawira, Nahua-Pipil), black 0.1%, other 0.6% (2007 est.)" + "text": "Mestizo 86.3%, White 12.7%, Amerindian 0.2% (includes Lenca, Kakawira, Nahua-Pipil), Black 0.1%, other 0.6% (2007 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "Spanish (official), Nawat (among some Amerindians)" @@ -179,19 +179,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.83% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 126 + "country comparison to the world": 125 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "18.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 82 + "country comparison to the world": 81 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 170 + "country comparison to the world": 169 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-4.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "athough it is the smallest country in land area in Central America, El Salvador has a population that is 18 times larger than Belize; at least 20% of the population lives abroad; high population density country-wide, with particular concentration around the capital of San Salvador" @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ "female": { "text": "10.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 109 + "country comparison to the world": 108 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.09 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 100 + "country comparison to the world": 99 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "71.9% (2014)" @@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 82 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2017)", + "text": "3.6% of GDP (2018)", "country comparison to the world": 110 }, "Literacy": { @@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies and a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 3-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2021)" + "text": "last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held on 28 February 2021)" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party - ARENA 42.3%, FMLN 24.4%, GANA 11.5%, PCN 10.8%, PDC 3.2%, CD 0.9%, Independent 0.7%, other 6.2%; seats by party - ARENA 37, FMLN 23, GANA 11, PCN 8, PDC 3, CD 1, independent 1; composition -men 58, women 26, percent of women 31%" @@ -539,30 +539,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The smallest country in Central America geographically, El Salvador has the fourth largest economy in the region. With the global recession, real GDP contracted in 2009 and economic growth has since remained low, averaging less than 2% from 2010 to 2014, but recovered somewhat in 2015-17 with an average annual growth rate of 2.4%. Remittances accounted for approximately 18% of GDP in 2017 and were received by about a third of all households. ++ In 2006, El Salvador was the first country to ratify the Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement, which has bolstered the export of processed foods, sugar, and ethanol, and supported investment in the apparel sector amid increased Asian competition. In September 2015, El Salvador kicked off a five-year $277 million second compact with the Millennium Challenge Corporation - a US Government agency aimed at stimulating economic growth and reducing poverty - to improve El Salvador's competitiveness and productivity in international markets. ++ The Salvadoran Government maintained fiscal discipline during reconstruction and rebuilding following earthquakes in 2001 and hurricanes in 1998 and 2005, but El Salvador's public debt, estimated at 59.3% of GDP in 2017, has been growing over the last several years." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$51.17 billion (2017 est.) / $50.01 billion (2016 est.) / $48.75 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 109 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$24.81 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.3% (2017 est.) / 2.6% (2016 est.) / 2.4% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 121 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0% (2019 est.) / 1% (2018 est.) / 1% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 19 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B- (2017)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B3 (2018)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B- (2018)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$51.17 billion (2017 est.) / $50.01 billion (2016 est.) / $48.75 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$27.023 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$8,000 (2017 est.) / $7,900 (2016 est.) / $7,700 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 152 + "country comparison to the world": 129 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "14.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 13% of GDP (2016 est.) / 12.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 137 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "12% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "27.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "60.3% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "84.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -583,16 +608,8 @@ "text": "-44.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "12% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "27.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "60.3% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "65.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coffee, sugar, corn, rice, beans, oilseed, cotton, sorghum; beef, dairy products" @@ -622,7 +639,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "7% (2017 est.) / 6.9% (2016 est.)", "note": "note: data are official rates; but underemployment is high", - "country comparison to the world": 113 + "country comparison to the world": 114 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "32.7% (2016 est.)" @@ -659,17 +676,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1% (2017 est.) / 0.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 51 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$501 million (2017 est.) / -$500 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 122 }, "Exports": { "text": "$4.662 billion (2017 est.) / $5.42 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 111 + "country comparison to the world": 118 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 45.7%, Honduras 13.9%, Guatemala 13.5%, Nicaragua 6.7%, Costa Rica 4.6% (2017)" @@ -679,7 +692,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$9.499 billion (2017 est.) / $8.954 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 103 + "country comparison to the world": 111 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity" @@ -701,17 +714,14 @@ }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "400,000 (2016)" - }, "electrification - total population": { - "text": "98.6% (2016)" + "text": "97% (2019)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "98.6% (2016)" + "text": "99% (2019)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "98.8% (2016)" + "text": "93% (2019)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -736,7 +746,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "49% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 154 + "country comparison to the world": 153 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json index 8ba377a1..0324d63a 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "twice the size of Washington, DC" @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "113,094 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 190 + "country comparison to the world": 189 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -165,11 +165,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.38% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 164 + "country comparison to the world": 163 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "14.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 125 + "country comparison to the world": 124 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-2.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 171 + "country comparison to the world": 170 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "approximately one-third of the population is found in the capital of St. George's; the island's population is concentrated along the coast" @@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ "female": { "text": "9.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 141 + "country comparison to the world": 140 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.96 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 116 + "country comparison to the world": 115 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.2% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 131 + "country comparison to the world": 125 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -477,30 +477,49 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Grenada relies on tourism and revenue generated by St. George's University - a private university offering degrees in medicine, veterinary medicine, public health, the health sciences, nursing, arts and sciences, and business - as its main source of foreign exchange. In the past two years the country expanded its sources of revenue, including from selling passports under its citizenship by investment program. These projects produced a resurgence in the construction and manufacturing sectors of the economy. ++ In 2017, Grenada experienced its fifth consecutive year of growth and the government successfully marked the completion of its five-year structural adjustment program that included among other things austerity measures, increased tax revenue and debt restructuring. Public debt-to-GDP was reduced from 100% of GDP in 2013 to 71.8% in 2017." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "5.1% (2017 est.) / 3.7% (2016 est.) / 6.4% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 43 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.9% (2017 est.) / 1.7% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 59 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "SD (2013)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$1.634 billion (2017 est.) / $1.555 billion (2016 est.) / $1.5 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$1.119 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.1% (2017 est.) / 3.7% (2016 est.) / 6.4% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 46 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$15,100 (2017 est.) / $14,500 (2016 est.) / $14,000 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 110 + "country comparison to the world": 90 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "11.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 17% of GDP (2016 est.) / 13.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 153 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "6.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "15.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "77.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "63% (2017 est.)" @@ -521,16 +540,8 @@ "text": "-55% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "6.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "15.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "77.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "53.4 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, mace, soursop, citrus, avocados, root crops, corn, vegetables, fish" @@ -544,7 +555,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "55,270 (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 189 + "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -559,7 +570,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "24% (2017 est.) / 28.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "country comparison to the world": 196 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "38% (2008 est.)" @@ -595,17 +606,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.9% (2017 est.) / 1.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 45 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$77 million (2017 est.) / -$34 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 83 + "country comparison to the world": 84 }, "Exports": { "text": "$39.9 million (2017 est.) / $44.2 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 25.3%, Japan 10.1%, Guyana 8.7%, Dominica 6.6%, St. Lucia 6.4%, Netherlands 4.7%, Barbados 4.1%, St. Kitts and Nevis 4% (2017)" @@ -615,7 +622,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$316 million (2017 est.) / $314.7 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, manufactured goods, machinery, chemicals, fuel" @@ -638,13 +645,7 @@ "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "92.3% (2016)" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "92.3% (2016)" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "92.3% (2016)" + "text": "95.3% (2018)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -665,11 +666,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "51,100 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 191 + "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "96% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 39 + "country comparison to the world": 38 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -802,7 +803,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "3 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json index ff8a9c6d..df8939e3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "1,730 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 108 + "country comparison to the world": 107 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania" @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "mestizo (mixed Amerindian-Spanish - in local Spanish called Ladino) 56%, Maya 41.7%, Xinca (indigenous, non-Maya) 1.8%, African descent .2%, Garifuna (mixed West and Central African, Island Carib, and Arawak) .1%, foreign .2% (2018 est.)" + "text": "Mestizo (mixed Amerindian-Spanish - in local Spanish called Ladino) 56%, Maya 41.7%, Xinca (indigenous, non-Maya) 1.8%, African descent .2%, Garifuna (mixed West and Central African, Island Carib, and Arawak) .1%, foreign .2% (2018 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "Spanish (official) 69.9%, Maya languages 29.7% (Q'eqchi' 8.3%, K'iche 7.8%, Mam 4.4%, Kaqchikel 3%, Q'anjob'al 1.2%, Poqomchi' 1%, other 4%), other 0.4% (includes Xinca and Garifuna) (2018 est.)", @@ -180,19 +180,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.68% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 62 + "country comparison to the world": 61 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "23.3 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 55 + "country comparison to the world": 54 }, "Death rate": { "text": "4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 158 + "country comparison to the world": 157 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the vast majority of the populace resides in the southern half of the country, particularly in the mountainous regions; more than half of the population lives in rural areas" @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "female": { "text": "19.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 71 + "country comparison to the world": 70 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.72 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 63 + "country comparison to the world": 62 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "60.6% (2014/15)" @@ -327,8 +327,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 51 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 145 + "text": "3.2% of GDP (2019)", + "country comparison to the world": 126 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -543,30 +543,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Guatemala is the most populous country in Central America with a GDP per capita roughly half the average for Latin America and the Caribbean. The agricultural sector accounts for 13.5% of GDP and 31% of the labor force; key agricultural exports include sugar, coffee, bananas, and vegetables. Guatemala is the top remittance recipient in Central America as a result of Guatemala's large expatriate community in the US. These inflows are a primary source of foreign income, equivalent to two-thirds of the country's exports and about a tenth of its GDP. ++ The 1996 peace accords, which ended 36 years of civil war, removed a major obstacle to foreign investment, and Guatemala has since pursued important reforms and macroeconomic stabilization. The Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) entered into force in July 2006, spurring increased investment and diversification of exports, with the largest increases in ethanol and non-traditional agricultural exports. While CAFTA-DR has helped improve the investment climate, concerns over security, the lack of skilled workers, and poor infrastructure continue to hamper foreign direct investment. ++ The distribution of income remains highly unequal with the richest 20% of the population accounting for more than 51% of Guatemala's overall consumption. More than half of the population is below the national poverty line, and 23% of the population lives in extreme poverty. Poverty among indigenous groups, which make up more than 40% of the population, averages 79%, with 40% of the indigenous population living in extreme poverty. Nearly one-half of Guatemala's children under age five are chronically malnourished, one of the highest malnutrition rates in the world." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$138.1 billion (2017 est.) / $134.4 billion (2016 est.) / $130.4 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 77 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$75.62 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.8% (2017 est.) / 3.1% (2016 est.) / 4.1% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 104 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "3.7% (2019 est.) / 3.7% (2018 est.) / 4.4% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 159 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB- (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba1 (2010)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BB- (2017)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$138.1 billion (2017 est.) / $134.4 billion (2016 est.) / $130.4 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$76.678 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$8,200 (2017 est.) / $8,100 (2016 est.) / $8,000 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 150 + "country comparison to the world": 125 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "13.6% of GDP (2017 est.) / 14.4% of GDP (2016 est.) / 13.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 141 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "13.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "23.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "63.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "86.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -587,16 +612,8 @@ "text": "-26.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "13.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "23.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "63.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "62.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "sugarcane, corn, bananas, coffee, beans, cardamom; cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens" @@ -625,7 +642,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "2.3% (2017 est.) / 2.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 23 + "country comparison to the world": 24 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "59.3% (2014 est.)" @@ -661,17 +678,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.4% (2017 est.) / 4.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 165 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$1.134 billion (2017 est.) / $1.023 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 48 }, "Exports": { "text": "$11.12 billion (2017 est.) / $10.58 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 88 + "country comparison to the world": 93 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 33.8%, El Salvador 11.1%, Honduras 8.8%, Nicaragua 5.1%, Mexico 4.7% (2017)" @@ -681,7 +694,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$17.11 billion (2017 est.) / $15.77 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 83 + "country comparison to the world": 91 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, grain, fertilizers, electricity, mineral products, chemical products, plastic materials and products" @@ -704,16 +717,16 @@ "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "population without electricity": { - "text": "1 million (2017)" + "text": "1 million (2019)" }, "electrification - total population": { - "text": "91.8% (2016)" + "text": "92% (2019)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "96.8% (2016)" + "text": "99% (2019)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "86.4% (2016)" + "text": "85% (2019)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -738,7 +751,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "41% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 167 + "country comparison to the world": 166 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json index 8a761600..f104a3e3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "190 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 148 + "country comparison to the world": 147 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "black 95%, mixed and white 5%" + "text": "Black 95%, mixed and White 5%" }, "Languages": { "text": "French (official), Creole (official)" @@ -181,19 +181,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.26% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 87 + "country comparison to the world": 86 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "21.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 69 + "country comparison to the world": 68 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 109 + "country comparison to the world": 108 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 165 + "country comparison to the world": 164 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "fairly even distribution; largest concentrations located near coastal areas" @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ "female": { "text": "36.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 33 + "country comparison to the world": 32 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.52 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 72 + "country comparison to the world": 71 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "34.3% (2016/17)" @@ -328,8 +328,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 67 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.4% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 162 + "text": "2.8% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 140 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -519,30 +519,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Haiti is a free market economy with low labor costs and tariff-free access to the US for many of its exports. Two-fifths of all Haitians depend on the agricultural sector, mainly small-scale subsistence farming, which remains vulnerable to damage from frequent natural disasters. Poverty, corruption, vulnerability to natural disasters, and low levels of education for much of the population represent some of the most serious impediments to Haiti's economic growth. Remittances are the primary source of foreign exchange, equivalent to more than a quarter of GDP, and nearly double the combined value of Haitian exports and foreign direct investment. ++ Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, with close to 60% of the population living under the national poverty line, Haiti's GDP growth rose to 5.5% in 2011 as the Haitian economy began recovering from the devastating January 2010 earthquake that destroyed much of its capital city, Port-au-Prince, and neighboring areas. However, growth slowed to below 2% in 2015 and 2016 as political uncertainty, drought conditions, decreasing foreign aid, and the depreciation of the national currency took a toll on investment and economic growth. Hurricane Matthew, the fiercest Caribbean storm in nearly a decade, made landfall in Haiti on 4 October 2016, with 140 mile-per-hour winds, creating a new humanitarian emergency. An estimated 2.1 million people were affected by the category 4 storm, which caused extensive damage to crops, houses, livestock, and infrastructure across Haiti's southern peninsula. ++ US economic engagement under the Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act (CBTPA) and the 2008 Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement Act (HOPE II) have contributed to an increase in apparel exports and investment by providing duty-free access to the US. The Haiti Economic Lift Program (HELP) Act of 2010 extended the CBTPA and HOPE II until 2020, while the Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015 extended trade benefits provided to Haiti in the HOPE and HELP Acts through September 2025. Apparel sector exports in 2016 reached approximately $850 million and account for over 90% of Haitian exports and more than 10% of the GDP. ++ Investment in Haiti is hampered by the difficulty of doing business and weak infrastructure, including access to electricity. Haiti's outstanding external debt was cancelled by donor countries following the 2010 earthquake, but has since risen to $2.6 billion as of December 2017, the majority of which is owed to Venezuela under the PetroCaribe program. Although the government has increased its revenue collection, it continues to rely on formal international economic assistance for fiscal sustainability, with over 20% of its annual budget coming from foreign aid or direct budget support." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "1.2% (2017 est.) / 1.5% (2016 est.) / 1.2% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 167 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "14.7% (2017 est.) / 13.4% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 214 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$19.97 billion (2017 est.) / $19.74 billion (2016 est.) / $19.46 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 150 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$8.608 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.2% (2017 est.) / 1.5% (2016 est.) / 1.2% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 181 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$1,800 (2017 est.) / $1,800 (2016 est.) / $1,800 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "24.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 29.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 29.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 61 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "22.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "20.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "57.6% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "99.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -564,16 +578,8 @@ }, "note": "note: figure for household consumption also includes government consumption" }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "22.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "20.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "57.6% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "40.7 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coffee, mangoes, cocoa, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum; wood, vetiver" @@ -588,7 +594,7 @@ "Labor force": { "text": "4.594 million (2014 est.)", "note": "note: shortage of skilled labor; unskilled labor abundant", - "country comparison to the world": 88 + "country comparison to the world": 84 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -604,7 +610,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "40.6% (2010 est.)", "note": "note: widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "58.5% (2012 est.)" @@ -640,13 +646,9 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "14.7% (2017 est.) / 13.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 211 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$348 million (2017 est.) / -$83 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 108 + "country comparison to the world": 112 }, "Exports": { "text": "$980.2 million (2017 est.) / $995 million (2016 est.)", @@ -660,7 +662,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$3.618 billion (2017 est.) / $3.183 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 143 + "country comparison to the world": 149 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials" @@ -683,16 +685,16 @@ "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "population without electricity": { - "text": "8 million (2017)" + "text": "7 million (2019)" }, "electrification - total population": { - "text": "38.7% (2016)" + "text": "39% (2019)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "65.4% (2016)" + "text": "60% (2019)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "0.5% (2016)" + "text": "12% (2019)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -717,7 +719,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "82% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 78 + "country comparison to the world": 77 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json index d276a2c8..0d274fdb 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "200 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 104 + "country comparison to the world": 103 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than Tennessee" @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian 7%, black 2%, white 1%" + "text": "Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian 7%, Black 2%, White 1%" }, "Languages": { "text": "Spanish (official), Amerindian dialects" @@ -183,19 +183,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.27% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 85 + "country comparison to the world": 84 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "18.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 84 + "country comparison to the world": 83 }, "Death rate": { "text": "4.7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 153 + "country comparison to the world": 152 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most residents live in the mountainous western half of the country; unlike other Central American nations, Honduras is the only one with an urban population that is distributed between two large centers - the capital of Tegucigalpa and the city of San Pedro Sula; the Rio Ulua valley in the north is the only densely populated lowland area" @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ "female": { "text": "12.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 100 + "country comparison to the world": 99 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.09 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 101 + "country comparison to the world": 100 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "73.2% (2011/12)" @@ -329,8 +329,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 72 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 32 + "text": "6.1% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 24 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -543,30 +543,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Honduras, the second poorest country in Central America, suffers from extraordinarily unequal distribution of income, as well as high underemployment. While historically dependent on the export of bananas and coffee, Honduras has diversified its export base to include apparel and automobile wire harnessing. ++ Honduras's economy depends heavily on US trade and remittances. The US-Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement came into force in 2006 and has helped foster foreign direct investment, but physical and political insecurity, as well as crime and perceptions of corruption, may deter potential investors; about 15% of foreign direct investment is from US firms. ++ The economy registered modest economic growth of 3.1%-4.0% from 2010 to 2017, insufficient to improve living standards for the nearly 65% of the population in poverty. In 2017, Honduras faced rising public debt, but its economy has performed better than expected due to low oil prices and improved investor confidence. Honduras signed a three-year standby arrangement with the IMF in December 2014, aimed at easing Honduras's poor fiscal position." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "4.8% (2017 est.) / 3.8% (2016 est.) / 3.8% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 53 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "4.3% (2019 est.) / 4.3% (2018 est.) / 3.9% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 173 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B1 (2017)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BB- (2017)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$46.3 billion (2017 est.) / $44.18 billion (2016 est.) / $42.58 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 112 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$22.98 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.8% (2017 est.) / 3.8% (2016 est.) / 3.8% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 56 + "text": "$25.145 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$5,600 (2017 est.) / $5,400 (2016 est.) / $5,300 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 170 + "country comparison to the world": 155 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "22.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / 20.6% of GDP (2016 est.) / 20.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 83 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "14.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "28.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "57% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "77.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -587,16 +609,8 @@ "text": "-58.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "14.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "28.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "57% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "56.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "bananas, coffee, citrus, corn, African palm; beef; timber; shrimp, tilapia, lobster, sugar, oriental vegetables" @@ -610,7 +624,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "3.735 million (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 96 + "country comparison to the world": 95 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -626,7 +640,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5.6% (2017 est.) / 6.3% (2016 est.)", "note": "note: about one-third of the people are underemployed", - "country comparison to the world": 82 + "country comparison to the world": 89 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "29.6% (2014)" @@ -662,17 +676,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.9% (2017 est.) / 2.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 152 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$380 million (2017 est.) / -$587 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 110 + "country comparison to the world": 113 }, "Exports": { "text": "$8.675 billion (2017 est.) / $7.841 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 94 + "country comparison to the world": 104 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 34.5%, Germany 8.9%, Belgium 7.7%, El Salvador 7.3%, Netherlands 7.2%, Guatemala 5.2%, Nicaragua 4.8% (2017)" @@ -682,7 +692,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$11.32 billion (2017 est.) / $10.56 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 96 + "country comparison to the world": 103 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "communications equipment, machinery and transport, industrial raw materials, chemical products, fuels, foodstuffs" @@ -705,16 +715,16 @@ "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "population without electricity": { - "text": "2 million (2017)" + "text": "2 million (2019)" }, "electrification - total population": { - "text": "87.6% (2016)" + "text": "81% (2019)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100% (2016)" + "text": "91% (2019)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "72.2% (2016)" + "text": "68% (2019)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -739,7 +749,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "40% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 169 + "country comparison to the world": 168 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json index 6bfbd48c..b3601caf 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "160 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 167 + "country comparison to the world": 166 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about half the size of New Jersey; slightly smaller than Connecticut" @@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "black 92.1%, mixed 6.1%, East Indian 0.8%, other 0.4%, unspecified 0.7% (2011 est.)" + "text": "Black 92.1%, mixed 6.1%, East Indian 0.8%, other 0.4%, unspecified 0.7% (2011 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "English, English patois" @@ -175,19 +175,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.07% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "16.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 108 + "country comparison to the world": 107 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 104 + "country comparison to the world": 103 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-9.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "country comparison to the world": 215 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population density is high throughout, but increases in and around Kingston, Montego Bay, and Port Esquivel" @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ "female": { "text": "10.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 111 + "country comparison to the world": 110 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.07 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 103 + "country comparison to the world": 102 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -308,8 +308,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 109 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.4% of GDP (2018)", - "country comparison to the world": 43 + "text": "5.2% of GDP (2019)", + "country comparison to the world": 50 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -513,30 +513,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The Jamaican economy is heavily dependent on services, which accounts for more than 70% of GDP. The country derives most of its foreign exchange from tourism, remittances, and bauxite/alumina. Earnings from remittances and tourism each account for 14% and 20% of GDP, while bauxite/alumina exports have declined to less than 5% of GDP. ++ Jamaica's economy has grown on average less than 1% a year for the last three decades and many impediments remain to growth: a bloated public sector which crowds out spending on important projects; high crime and corruption; red-tape; and a high debt-to-GDP ratio. Jamaica, however, has made steady progress in reducing its debt-to-GDP ratio from a high of almost 150% in 2012 to less than 110% in 2017, in close collaboration with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The current IMF Stand-By Agreement requires Jamaica to produce an annual primary surplus of 7%, in an attempt to reduce its debt burden below 60% by 2025. ++ Economic growth reached 1.6% in 2016, but declined to 0.9% in 2017 after intense rainfall, demonstrating the vulnerability of the economy to weather-related events. The HOLNESS administration therefore faces the difficult prospect of maintaining fiscal discipline to reduce the debt load while simultaneously implementing growth inducing policies and attacking a serious crime problem. High unemployment exacerbates the crime problem, including gang violence fueled by advanced fee fraud (lottery scamming) and the drug trade." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$26.06 billion (2017 est.) / $25.89 billion (2016 est.) / $25.51 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 140 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$14.77 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "0.7% (2017 est.) / 1.5% (2016 est.) / 0.9% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 181 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "3.9% (2019 est.) / 3.7% (2018 est.) / 4.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 164 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B+ (2019)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B2 (2019)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B+ (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$26.06 billion (2017 est.) / $25.89 billion (2016 est.) / $25.51 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$15.847 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$9,200 (2017 est.) / $9,200 (2016 est.) / $9,100 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 143 + "country comparison to the world": 121 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "18.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 20.6% of GDP (2016 est.) / 18% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 109 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "21.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "71.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "81.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -557,16 +582,8 @@ "text": "-47.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "21.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "71.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "97.4 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "sugar cane, bananas, coffee, citrus, yams, ackees, vegetables; poultry, goats, milk; shellfish" @@ -595,7 +612,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "7.72% (2019 est.) / 9.13% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 120 + "country comparison to the world": 121 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "17.1% (2016 est.)" @@ -631,17 +648,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.4% (2017 est.) / 2.3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 166 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$298 million (2019 est.) / -$288 million (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 107 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.296 billion (2017 est.) / $1.195 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 151 + "text": "$5.114 billion (2018 est.) / $4.747 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 115 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 39.1%, Netherlands 12.3%, Canada 8.4% (2017)" @@ -650,8 +663,8 @@ "text": "alumina, bauxite, chemicals, coffee, mineral fuels, waste and scrap metals, sugar, yams" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$5.151 billion (2017 est.) / $4.169 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 126 + "text": "$7.314 billion (2018 est.) / $6.924 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 122 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food and other consumer goods, industrial supplies, fuel, parts and accessories of capital goods, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials" @@ -674,13 +687,13 @@ "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "98.2% (2016)" + "text": "99% (2019)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100% (2016)" + "text": "100% (2019)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "96% (2016)" + "text": "97% (2019)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -705,7 +718,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "83% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 76 + "country comparison to the world": 75 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json index 06a73994..e2f4d974 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 226 + "country comparison to the world": 225 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ "Population": { "text": "5,373 (July 2020 est.)", "note": "note: an estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; some have returned", - "country comparison to the world": 227 + "country comparison to the world": 226 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "African/black 88.4%, mixed 3.7%, hispanic/Spanish 3%, caucasian/white 2.7%, East Indian/Indian 1.5%, other 0.7% (2011 est.)" + "text": "African/Black 88.4%, mixed 3.7%, Hispanic/Spanish 3%, Caucasian/White 2.7%, East Indian/Indian 1.5%, other 0.7% (2011 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "English" @@ -144,19 +144,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.58% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 152 + "country comparison to the world": 151 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 167 + "country comparison to the world": 166 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 164 + "country comparison to the world": 163 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 91 + "country comparison to the world": 90 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "only the northern half of the island is populated, the southern portion is uninhabitable due to volcanic activity" @@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ "female": { "text": "13.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 121 + "country comparison to the world": 120 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.36 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 220 + "country comparison to the world": 219 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -238,8 +238,8 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2009)", - "country comparison to the world": 59 + "text": "8.8% of GDP (2019)", + "country comparison to the world": 4 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -365,23 +365,42 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Severe volcanic activity, which began in July 1995, has put a damper on this small, open economy. A catastrophic eruption in June 1997 closed the airport and seaports, causing further economic and social dislocation. Two-thirds of the 12,000 inhabitants fled the island. Some began to return in 1998 but lack of housing limited the number. The agriculture sector continued to be affected by the lack of suitable land for farming and the destruction of crops. ++ Prospects for the economy depend largely on developments in relation to the volcanic activity and on public sector construction activity. Half of the island remains uninhabitable. In January 2013, the EU announced the disbursement of a $55.2 million aid package to Montserrat in order to boost the country's economic recovery, with a specific focus on public finance management, public sector reform, and prudent economic management. Montserrat is tied to the EU through the UK. Although the UK is leaving the EU, Montserrat's aid will not be affected as Montserrat maintains a direct agreement with the EU regarding aid." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$167.4 million (2011 est.) / $155.9 million (2010 est.) / $162.7 million (2009 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 223 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "7.4% (2011 est.) / -4.2% (2010 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 14 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.2% (2017 est.) / -0.2% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 76 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB- (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$167.4 billion (2011 est.) / $155.9 billion (2010 est.) / $162.7 billion (2009 est.)" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$167.4 million (2011 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "7.4% (2011 est.) / -4.2% (2010 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 15 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$34,000 (2011 est.) / $31,100 (2010 est.) / $32,300 (2009 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 60 + "country comparison to the world": 51 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "7.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "90.3% (2017 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -403,16 +422,7 @@ "text": "-88.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "7.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "90.3% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cabbages, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, peppers; livestock products" @@ -426,7 +436,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "4,521 (2012)", - "country comparison to the world": 222 + "country comparison to the world": 221 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -441,7 +451,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5.6% (2017 est.) / 6% (1998 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 89 + "country comparison to the world": 90 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -465,10 +475,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.2% (2017 est.) / -0.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 66 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$15.4 million (2017 est.) / -$12.2 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 71 @@ -524,7 +530,7 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "5,000 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", @@ -564,7 +570,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "400 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -572,7 +578,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "406 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -596,7 +602,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "57,180 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 209 } }, "Communications": { @@ -660,7 +666,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "1 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 229 + "country comparison to the world": 228 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json index 127731c0..49844001 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin", - "country comparison to the world": 236 + "country comparison to the world": 235 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "one-fifth the size of Washington, DC" @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "43,847 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Ethnic groups": { "text": "Saint Maarten 29.9%, Dominican Republic 10.2%, Haiti 7.8%, Jamaica 6.6%, Saint Martin 5.9%, Guyana 5%, Dominica 4.4%, Curacao 4.1%, Aruba 3.4%, Saint Kitts and Nevis 2.8%, India 2.6%, Netherlands 2.2%, US 1.6%, Suriname 1.4%, Saint Lucia 1.3%, Anguilla 1.1%, other 8%, unspecified 1.7% (2011 est.)", @@ -125,15 +125,15 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.34% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 82 + "country comparison to the world": 81 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "12.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 145 + "country comparison to the world": 144 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 175 + "country comparison to the world": 174 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ "female": { "text": "6.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 154 + "country comparison to the world": 153 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.02 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 111 + "country comparison to the world": 110 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -374,25 +374,28 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy of Sint Maarten centers around tourism with nearly four-fifths of the labor force engaged in this sector. Nearly 1.8 million visitors came to the island by cruise ship and roughly 500,000 visitors arrived through Princess Juliana International Airport in 2013. Cruise ships and yachts also call on Sint Maarten's numerous ports and harbors. Limited agriculture and local fishing means that almost all food must be imported. Energy resources and manufactured goods are also imported. Sint Maarten had the highest per capita income among the five islands that formerly comprised the Netherlands Antilles." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "3.6% (2014 est.) / 4.1% (2013 est.) / 1.9% (2012 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 83 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "4% (2012 est.) / 0.7% (2009 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 167 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$365.8 million (2014 est.) / $353.5 million (2013 est.) / $339.6 million (2012 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2014 US dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "note": "note: data are in 2014 US dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$304.1 million (2014 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.6% (2014 est.) / 4.1% (2013 est.) / 1.9% (2012 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 83 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$66,800 (2014 est.) / $65,500 (2013 est.) / $63,900 (2012 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 14 + "country comparison to the world": 13 }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -405,6 +408,8 @@ "text": "81.3% (2008 est.)" } }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "sugar" }, @@ -413,7 +418,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "23,200 (2008 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -428,11 +433,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "12% (2012 est.) / 10.6% (2008 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 165 - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4% (2012 est.) / 0.7% (2009 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 157 + "country comparison to the world": 166 }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "sugar" @@ -505,7 +506,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "1 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 236 + "country comparison to the world": 235 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json index 9340d94b..b9101e13 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "10,380 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 99 + "country comparison to the world": 98 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than New York state" @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 69%, white 17%, black 9%, Amerindian 5%" + "text": "Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 69%, White 17%, Black 9%, Amerindian 5%" }, "Languages": { "text": "Spanish (official) 95.3%, Miskito 2.2%, Mestizo of the Caribbean coast 2%, other 0.5% (2005 est.)", @@ -180,19 +180,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.96% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 111 + "country comparison to the world": 110 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "17.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 97 + "country comparison to the world": 96 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-2.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 170 + "country comparison to the world": 169 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the overwhelming majority of the population resides in the western half of the country, with much of the urban growth centered in the capital city of Managua; coastal areas also show large population clusters" @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "female": { "text": "13.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 91 + "country comparison to the world": 90 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.82 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 149 + "country comparison to the world": 148 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "80.4% (2011/12)" @@ -326,8 +326,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 86 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.3% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 90 + "text": "4.4% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 83 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified plurality vote for a 5-year term (no term limits as of 2014); election last held on 6 November 2016 (next to be held by November 2021)" + "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified plurality vote for a 5-year term (no term limits as of 2014); election last held on 6 November 2016 (next to be held on 7 November 2021)" }, "election results": { "text": "Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra reelected president; percent of vote - Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (FSLN) 72.4%, Maximino RODRIGUEZ (PLC) 15%, Jose del Carmen ALVARADO (PLI) 4.5%, Saturnino CERRATO Hodgson (ALN) 4.3%, other 3.7%" @@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (92 seats; 70 members in multi-seat constituencies and 20 members in a single nationwide constituency directly elected by proportional representation vote; 2 seats reserved for the previous president and the runner-up candidate in the previous presidential election; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 6 November 2016 (next to be held by November 2021)" + "text": "last held on 6 November 2016 (next to be held on 7 November 2021)" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FSLN 71, PLC 14, ALN 2, PLI 2, APRE 1, PC 1, YATAMA 1; composition - men 50, women 42, percent of women 45.7%" @@ -526,30 +526,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Nicaragua, the poorest country in Central America and the second poorest in the Western Hemisphere, has widespread underemployment and poverty. GDP growth of 4.5% in 2017 was insufficient to make a significant difference. Textiles and agriculture combined account for nearly 50% of Nicaragua's exports. Beef, coffee, and gold are Nicaragua's top three export commodities. ++ The Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement has been in effect since April 2006 and has expanded export opportunities for many Nicaraguan agricultural and manufactured goods. ++ In 2013, the government granted a 50-year concession with the option for an additional 50 years to a newly formed Chinese-run company to finance and build an inter-oceanic canal and related projects, at an estimated cost of $50 billion. The canal construction has not started." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "4.9% (2017 est.) / 4.7% (2016 est.) / 4.8% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 50 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "5.3% (2019 est.) / 4.9% (2018 est.) / 3.8% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 186 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B- (2018)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B3 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B- (2018)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$36.4 billion (2017 est.) / $34.71 billion (2016 est.) / $33.17 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 124 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$13.81 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.9% (2017 est.) / 4.7% (2016 est.) / 4.8% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 54 + "text": "$12.57 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$5,900 (2017 est.) / $5,600 (2016 est.) / $5,500 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 165 + "country comparison to the world": 148 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "24% of GDP (2017 est.) / 23.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 23.6% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 69 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "15.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "24.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "60% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "69.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -570,16 +595,8 @@ "text": "-55.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "15.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "24.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "60% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "79.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coffee, bananas, sugarcane, rice, corn, tobacco, cotton, sesame, soya, beans, beef, veal, pork, poultry, dairy products, shrimp, lobsters, peanuts" @@ -609,7 +626,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "6.4% (2017 est.) / 6.2% (2016 est.)", "note": "note: underemployment was 46.5% in 2008", - "country comparison to the world": 95 + "country comparison to the world": 101 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "29.6% (2015 est.)" @@ -646,17 +663,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.9% (2017 est.) / 3.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 153 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$694 million (2017 est.) / -$989 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 127 + "country comparison to the world": 131 }, "Exports": { "text": "$3.819 billion (2017 est.) / $3.772 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 119 + "country comparison to the world": 126 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 44.2%, El Salvador 6.4%, Venezuela 5.5%, Costa Rica 5.5% (2017)" @@ -666,7 +679,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$6.613 billion (2017 est.) / $6.384 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 116 + "country comparison to the world": 126 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "consumer goods, machinery and equipment, raw materials, petroleum products" @@ -689,13 +702,13 @@ "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "81.8% (2016)" + "text": "97% (2019)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99.2% (2016)" + "text": "99.2% (2019)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "56.6% (2016)" + "text": "92% (2019)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -720,7 +733,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "56% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 139 + "country comparison to the world": 138 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json index 798f3b10..6aba2e2a 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "1,080 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 119 + "country comparison to the world": 118 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than South Carolina" @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Native American 12.3% (Ngabe 7.6%, Kuna 2.4%, Embera 0.9%, Bugle 0.8%, other 0.4%, unspecified 0.2%), black or African descent 9.2%, mulatto 6.8%, white 6.7% (2010 est.)" + "text": "Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Native American 12.3% (Ngabe 7.6%, Kuna 2.4%, Embera 0.9%, Bugle 0.8%, other 0.4%, unspecified 0.2%), Black or African descent 9.2%, Mulatto 6.8%, White 6.7% (2010 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "Spanish (official), indigenous languages (including Ngabere (or Guaymi), Buglere, Kuna, Embera, Wounaan, Naso (or Teribe), and Bri Bri), Panamanian English Creole (similar to Jamaican English Creole; a mixture of English and Spanish with elements of Ngabere; also known as Guari Guari and Colon Creole), English, Chinese (Yue and Hakka), Arabic, French Creole, other (Yiddish, Hebrew, Korean, Japanese)", @@ -180,19 +180,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.2% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 90 + "country comparison to the world": 89 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "17.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 98 + "country comparison to the world": 97 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "country comparison to the world": 196 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 103 + "country comparison to the world": 102 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population is concentrated towards the center of the country, particularly around the Canal, but a sizeable segment of the populace also lives in the far west around David; the eastern third of the country is sparsely inhabited" @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ "female": { "text": "8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 138 + "country comparison to the world": 137 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.23 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 90 + "country comparison to the world": 89 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "50.8% (2014/15)" @@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.2% of GDP (2011)", - "country comparison to the world": 132 + "country comparison to the world": 128 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -528,30 +528,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Panama's dollar-based economy rests primarily on a well-developed services sector that accounts for more than three-quarters of GDP. Services include operating the Panama Canal, logistics, banking, the Colon Free Trade Zone, insurance, container ports, flagship registry, and tourism and Panama is a center for offshore banking. Panama's transportation and logistics services sectors, along with infrastructure development projects, have boosted economic growth; however, public debt surpassed $37 billion in 2016 because of excessive government spending and public works projects. The US-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement was approved by Congress and signed into law in October 2011, and entered into force in October 2012. ++ Future growth will be bolstered by the Panama Canal expansion project that began in 2007 and was completed in 2016 at a cost of $5.3 billion - about 10-15% of current GDP. The expansion project more than doubled the Canal's capacity, enabling it to accommodate high-capacity vessels such as tankers and neopanamax vessels that are too large to traverse the existing canal. The US and China are the top users of the Canal. ++ Strong economic performance has not translated into broadly shared prosperity, as Panama has the second worst income distribution in Latin America. About one-fourth of the population lives in poverty; however, from 2006 to 2012 poverty was reduced by 10 percentage points." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$104.1 billion (2017 est.) / $98.82 billion (2016 est.) / $94.12 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 83 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "5.4% (2017 est.) / 5% (2016 est.) / 5.8% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 37 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.9% (2017 est.) / 0.7% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 62 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB (2011)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Baa1 (2019)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$94.828 billion (2019 est.) / $92.06 billion (2018 est.) / $88.782 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$61.84 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.4% (2017 est.) / 5% (2016 est.) / 5.8% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 38 + "text": "$66.801 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$25,400 (2017 est.) / $24,500 (2016 est.) / $23,700 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 80 + "text": "$11,910 (2019 est.) / $11,755 (2018 est.) / $11,530 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 107 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "38.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 39.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 36.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 10 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "15.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "82% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "45.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -572,16 +597,8 @@ "text": "-44.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "15.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "82% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "92.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "bananas, rice, corn, coffee, sugarcane, vegetables; livestock; shrimp" @@ -611,7 +628,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "6.14% (2018 est.) / 6% (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 98 + "country comparison to the world": 99 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "23% (2015 est.)" @@ -647,18 +664,14 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.9% (2017 est.) / 0.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 47 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$3.036 billion (2017 est.) / -$3.16 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 174 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$15.5 billion (2017 est.) / $14.7 billion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$25.94 billion (2018 est.) / $24.7 billion (2017 est.)", "note": "note: includes the Colon Free Zone", - "country comparison to the world": 74 + "country comparison to the world": 72 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 18.9%, Netherlands 16.6%, China 6.5%, Costa Rica 5.4%, India 5.1%, Vietnam 5% (2017)" @@ -667,7 +680,7 @@ "text": "fruit and nuts, fish, iron and steel waste, wood" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$21.91 billion (2017 est.) / $20.51 billion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$28.978 billion (2018 est.) / $28.175 billion (2017 est.)", "note": "note: includes the Colon Free Zone", "country comparison to the world": 72 }, @@ -692,13 +705,13 @@ "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "93.4% (2016)" + "text": "92% (2019)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99.4% (2016)" + "text": "99.4% (2019)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "81.3% (2016)" + "text": "77% (2019)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -723,7 +736,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "36% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 175 + "country comparison to the world": 174 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json index e25d7f06..f787cd3a 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "negligible" }, - "country comparison to the world": 231 + "country comparison to the world": 230 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "more than one-third the size of Washington, DC" @@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "32,556 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "other Creole (mulatto), black, Guadeloupe Mestizo (French-East Asia), white, East Indian" + "text": "other Creole (mulatto), Black, Guadeloupe Mestizo (French-East Asia), white, East Indian" }, "Languages": { "text": "French (official), English, Dutch, French Patois, Spanish, Papiamento (dialect of Netherlands Antilles)" @@ -112,19 +112,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.4% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 160 + "country comparison to the world": 159 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "14.3 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 131 + "country comparison to the world": 130 }, "Death rate": { "text": "4.6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population is found along the coast, with a largest concentrations around the capital Marigot, Orleans, and Grand-Case" @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ "female": { "text": "4.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 170 + "country comparison to the world": 169 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.81 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 150 + "country comparison to the world": 149 }, "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Prefect Anne LAUBIES (since 8 June 2015)" + "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Prefect Serge GOUTEYRON (since 25 November 2020)" }, "head of government": { "text": "President of Territorial Council Daniel GIBBS (since 2 April 2017); First Vice President Valerie DAMASEAU (since 2 April 2017)" @@ -308,19 +308,18 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy of Saint Martin centers on tourism with 85% of the labor force engaged in this sector. Over one million visitors come to the island each year with most arriving through the Princess Juliana International Airport in Sint Maarten. The financial sector is also important to Saint Martin's economy as it facilitates financial mediation for its thriving tourism sector. No significant agriculture and limited local fishing means that almost all food must be imported. Energy resources and manufactured goods are also imported, primarily from Mexico and the US. Saint Martin is reported to have one of the highest per capita income in the Caribbean. As with the rest of the Caribbean, Saint Martin's financial sector is having to deal with losing correspondent banking relationships. ++ In September 2017, Hurricane Irma destroyed 95% of the French side of Saint Martin. Along the coastline of Marigot, the nerve center of the economy, the storm wiped out restaurants, shops, banks and open-air markets impacting more than 36,000 inhabitants." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$561.5 million (2005 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$561.5 million (2005 est.)" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$561.5 million (2005 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$19,300 (2005 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 92 + "country comparison to the world": 74 }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -333,12 +332,14 @@ "text": "84% (2000)" } }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Industries": { "text": "tourism, light industry and manufacturing, heavy industry" }, "Labor force": { "text": "17,300 (2008 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "note": "85 directly or indirectly employed in tourist industry" @@ -353,10 +354,7 @@ "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "72% (2016)" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "89.8% (2016)" + "text": "100% (2020)" } } }, @@ -392,7 +390,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "1 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 235 + "country comparison to the world": 234 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json index ee5f9c1f..1e7a0e10 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "145 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 171 + "country comparison to the world": 170 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly less than three times the size of Rhode Island" @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "white 75.8%, black/African American 12.4%, other 8.5% (includes American Indian, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian, other Pacific Islander, and others), mixed 3.3% (2010 est.)", + "text": "white 75.8%, Black/African American 12.4%, other 8.5% (includes American Indian, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian, other Pacific Islander, and others), mixed 3.3% (2010 est.)", "note": "note: 99% of the population is Latino" }, "Languages": { @@ -161,11 +161,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-1.59% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 235 + "country comparison to the world": 234 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 222 + "country comparison to the world": 221 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-14.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 222 + "country comparison to the world": 221 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population clusters tend to be found along the coast, the largest of these is found in and around San Juan; an exception to this is a sizeable population located in the interior of the island immediately south of the capital around Caguas; most of the interior, particularly in the western half of the island, is dominated by the Cordillera Central mountains, where population density is low" @@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ "female": { "text": "5.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 166 + "country comparison to the world": 165 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.24 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 224 + "country comparison to the world": 223 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "6.1% of GDP (2014)", - "country comparison to the world": 30 + "country comparison to the world": 26 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -385,10 +385,10 @@ "text": "Cabinet appointed by governor with the consent of the Legislative Assembly" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of Puerto Rico do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in Democratic and Republican party presidential primary elections; governor directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (no term limits); election last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held on 3 November 2020)" + "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of Puerto Rico do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in Democratic and Republican party presidential primary elections; governor directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (no term limits); election last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held on November 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Ricardo ROSSELLO elected governor; percent of vote - Ricardo ROSSELLO (PNP) 41.8%, David BERNIER (PPD) 38.9%, Alexandra LUGARO (independent) 11.1%, Manuel CIDRE (independent) 5.7%" + "text": "Pedro PIERLUISI elected governor; percent of vote - Pedro PIERLUISI (PNP) 32.9%, Carlos DELGADO (PPD) 31.6%, Alexandra LUGARO (independent) 14.2%, Juan DALMAU (PIP) 13.7%" }, "note": "note: on 24 July 2019, Governor Ricardo ROSSELLO announced his resignation effective 2 August 2019; as Secretary of State, Pedro PIERLUISI succeeded Governor Ricardo ROSSELLO; on 7 August 2019 the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico ruled Pedro PIERLUISI accession was unconstitutional and Wanda VAZQUEZ is sworn in as governor" }, @@ -444,25 +444,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Puerto Rico had one of the most dynamic economies in the Caribbean region until 2006; however, growth has been negative for each of the last 11 years. The downturn coincided with the phaseout of tax preferences that had led US firms to invest heavily in the Commonwealth since the 1950s, and a steep rise in the price of oil, which generates most of the island's electricity. ++ Diminished job opportunities prompted a sharp rise in outmigration, as many Puerto Ricans sought jobs on the US mainland. Unemployment reached 16% in 2011, but declined to 11.5% in December 2017. US minimum wage laws apply in Puerto Rico, hampering job expansion. Per capita income is about two-thirds that of the US mainland. ++ The industrial sector greatly exceeds agriculture as the locus of economic activity and income. Tourism has traditionally been an important source of income with estimated arrivals of more than 3.6 million tourists in 2008. Puerto Rico's merchandise trade surplus is exceptionally strong, with exports nearly 50% greater than imports, and its current account surplus about 10% of GDP. ++ Closing the budget deficit while restoring economic growth and employment remain the central concerns of the government. The gap between revenues and expenditures amounted to 0.6% of GDP in 2016, although analysts believe that not all expenditures have been accounted for in the budget and a better accounting of costs would yield an overall deficit of roughly 5% of GDP. Public debt remained steady at 92.5% of GDP in 2017, about $17,000 per person, or nearly three times the per capita debt of the State of Connecticut, the highest in the US. Much of that debt was issued by state-run schools and public corporations, including water and electric utilities. In June 2015, Governor Alejandro GARCIA Padilla announced that the island could not pay back at least $73 billion in debt and that it would seek a deal with its creditors. ++ Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico square on in September 2017, causing electrical power outages to 90% of the territory, as well as extensive loss of housing and infrastructure and contamination of potable water. Despite massive efforts, more than 40% of the territory remained without electricity as of yearend 2017. As a result of the destruction, many Puerto Ricans have emigrated to the US mainland." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "-2.4% (2017 est.) / -1.3% (2016 est.) / -1% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 207 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.8% (2017 est.) / -0.3% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 102 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "D (2015)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$130 billion (2017 est.) / $133.1 billion (2016 est.) / $134.9 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 81 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$104.2 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-2.4% (2017 est.) / -1.3% (2016 est.) / -1% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 207 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$39,400 (2017 est.) / $39,000 (2016 est.) / $38,800 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 47 + "country comparison to the world": 42 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "50.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "49.1% (2017 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -484,16 +503,8 @@ "text": "-129.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "50.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "49.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "91.2 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "sugarcane, coffee, pineapples, plantains, bananas; livestock products, chickens" @@ -522,7 +533,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "10.8% (2017 est.) / 11.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 153 + "country comparison to the world": 154 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -558,24 +569,20 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.8% (2017 est.) / -0.3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 95 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$0 (2017 est.) / $0 (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 65 }, "Exports": { "text": "$73.17 billion (2017 est.) / $73.2 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 41 + "country comparison to the world": 55 }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "chemicals, electronics, apparel, canned tuna, rum, beverage concentrates, medical equipment" }, "Imports": { "text": "$49.01 billion (2017 est.) / $48.86 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 54 + "country comparison to the world": 59 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "chemicals, machinery and equipment, clothing, food, fish, petroleum products" @@ -616,7 +623,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "94% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 47 + "country comparison to the world": 46 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json index 927712f9..6f60d535 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "1.5 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "53,821 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "African descent 92.5%, mixed 3%, white 2.1%, East Indian 1.5%, other .6%, unspecified .3% (2001 est.)" + "text": "African descent 92.5%, mixed 3%, White 2.1%, East Indian 1.5%, other .6%, unspecified .3% (2001 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "English (official)" @@ -157,19 +157,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.67% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 141 + "country comparison to the world": 140 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "12.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 153 + "country comparison to the world": 152 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 117 + "country comparison to the world": 116 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 58 + "country comparison to the world": 57 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population clusters are found in the small towns located on the periphery of both islands" @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ "female": { "text": "10 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 150 + "country comparison to the world": 149 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.77 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 155 + "country comparison to the world": 154 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.6% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 156 + "country comparison to the world": 149 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -441,30 +441,46 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy of Saint Kitts and Nevis depends on tourism; since the 1970s, tourism has replaced sugar as the economy's traditional mainstay. Roughly 200,000 tourists visited the islands in 2009, but reduced tourism arrivals and foreign investment led to an economic contraction in the 2009-2013 period, and the economy returned to growth only in 2014. Like other tourist destinations in the Caribbean, Saint Kitts and Nevis is vulnerable to damage from natural disasters and shifts in tourism demand. ++ Following the 2005 harvest, the government closed the sugar industry after several decades of losses. To compensate for lost jobs, the government has embarked on a program to diversify the agricultural sector and to stimulate other sectors of the economy, such as export-oriented manufacturing and offshore banking. The government has made notable progress in reducing its public debt, from 154% of GDP in 2011 to 83% in 2013, although it still faces one of the highest levels in the world, largely attributable to public enterprise losses. Saint Kitts and Nevis is among other countries in the Caribbean that supplement their economic activity through economic citizenship programs, whereby foreigners can obtain citizenship from Saint Kitts and Nevis by investing there." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "2.1% (2017 est.) / 2.9% (2016 est.) / 2.7% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 132 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0% (2017 est.) / -0.3% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 22 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$1.55 billion (2017 est.) / $1.518 billion (2016 est.) / $1.476 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$964 million (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.1% (2017 est.) / 2.9% (2016 est.) / 2.7% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 132 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$28,200 (2017 est.) / $27,600 (2016 est.) / $27,300 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 73 + "country comparison to the world": 57 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "19.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 19.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / 15.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 98 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "30% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "68.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "41.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -485,16 +501,8 @@ "text": "-60.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "30% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "68.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "81.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "sugarcane, rice, yams, vegetables, bananas; fish" @@ -508,11 +516,11 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "18,170 (June 1995 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4.5% (1997)", - "country comparison to the world": 68 + "country comparison to the world": 69 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -548,17 +556,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0% (2017 est.) / -0.3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 12 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$97 million (2017 est.) / -$102 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 86 }, "Exports": { "text": "$57.4 million (2017 est.) / $53.9 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 49.6%, Poland 15.2%, Turkey 11.6% (2016)" @@ -568,7 +572,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$335.3 million (2017 est.) / $307.9 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, manufactures, food, fuels" @@ -616,7 +620,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "94% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 48 + "country comparison to the world": 47 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -684,7 +688,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "248,100 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "country comparison to the world": 194 } }, "Communications": { @@ -749,7 +753,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "2 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json index f2ca1f0e..e28746b3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "10 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "country comparison to the world": 192 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "three and a half times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "166,487 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 187 + "country comparison to the world": 186 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "black/African descent 85.3%, mixed 10.9%, East Indian 2.2%, other 1.6%, unspecified 0.1% (2010 est.)" + "text": "Black/African descent 85.3%, mixed 10.9%, East Indian 2.2%, other 1.6%, unspecified 0.1% (2010 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "English (official), French patois" @@ -171,11 +171,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.29% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 172 + "country comparison to the world": 171 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "12.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 155 + "country comparison to the world": 154 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 160 + "country comparison to the world": 159 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population is found on the periphery of the island, with a larger concentration in the north around the capital of Castries" @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ "female": { "text": "10.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 130 + "country comparison to the world": 129 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.73 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 167 + "country comparison to the world": 166 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "55.5% (2011/12)" @@ -301,8 +301,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 104 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2018)", - "country comparison to the world": 115 + "text": "3.3% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 123 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -475,30 +475,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The island nation has been able to attract foreign business and investment, especially in its offshore banking and tourism industries. Tourism is Saint Lucia's main source of jobs and income - accounting for 65% of GDP - and the island's main source of foreign exchange earnings. The manufacturing sector is the most diverse in the Eastern Caribbean area. Crops such as bananas, mangos, and avocados continue to be grown for export, but St. Lucia's once solid banana industry has been devastated by strong competition. ++ Saint Lucia is vulnerable to a variety of external shocks, including volatile tourism receipts, natural disasters, and dependence on foreign oil. Furthermore, high public debt - 77% of GDP in 2012 - and high debt servicing obligations constrain the CHASTANET administration's ability to respond to adverse external shocks. ++ St. Lucia has experienced anemic growth since the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008, largely because of a slowdown in tourism - airlines cut back on their routes to St. Lucia in 2012. Also, St. Lucia introduced a value added tax in 2012 of 15%, becoming the last country in the Eastern Caribbean to do so. In 2013, the government introduced a National Competitiveness and Productivity Council to address St. Lucia's high public wages and lack of productivity." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "3% (2017 est.) / 3.4% (2016 est.) / -0.9% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 100 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.1% (2017 est.) / -3.1% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 24 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$2.542 billion (2017 est.) / $2.469 billion (2016 est.) / $2.388 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 191 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$1.686 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3% (2017 est.) / 3.4% (2016 est.) / -0.9% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 115 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$14,400 (2017 est.) / $14,200 (2016 est.) / $13,800 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 117 + "country comparison to the world": 98 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "19.4% of GDP (2017 est.) / 15.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 24.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 102 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "14.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "82.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "66.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -519,16 +533,8 @@ "text": "-56.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "14.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "82.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "73.9 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "bananas, coconuts, vegetables, citrus, root crops, cocoa" @@ -542,7 +548,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "79,700 (2012 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 183 + "country comparison to the world": 182 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -557,7 +563,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "20% (2003 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 186 + "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -593,17 +599,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.1% (2017 est.) / -3.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 15 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$21 million (2017 est.) / -$31 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 61 + "country comparison to the world": 60 }, "Exports": { "text": "$185.1 million (2017 est.) / $188.2 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 191 + "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 67.6%, UK 5.9%, Trinidad and Tobago 5.5% (2017)" @@ -636,13 +638,13 @@ "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "97.8% (2016)" + "text": "99.5% (2018)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "94.9% (2016)" + "text": "97.5% (2018)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "98.4% (2016)" + "text": "99.9% (2018)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -667,7 +669,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "99% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 25 + "country comparison to the world": 24 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -800,7 +802,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "2 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json index eae32b68..5fa1a0cd 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "negligible" }, - "country comparison to the world": 239 + "country comparison to the world": 238 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "less than one-eighth the size of Washington, DC" @@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "7,122 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 226 + "country comparison to the world": 225 }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "other white, Creole (mulatto), black, Guadeloupe Mestizo (French-East Asia)" + "text": "other white, Creole (Mulatto), Black, Guadeloupe Mestizo (French-East Asia)" }, "Languages": { "text": "French (primary), English" @@ -104,11 +104,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.25% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "9.3 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 176 + "country comparison to the world": 175 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the populace concentrated in and around the capital of Gustavia, but scattered settlements exist around the island periphery" @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ "female": { "text": "4.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 169 + "country comparison to the world": 168 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.64 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 181 + "country comparison to the world": 180 }, "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": { "text": "NA" @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017), represented by Prefect Anne LAUBIES (since 8 June 2015)" + "text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017), represented by Prefect Serge GOUTEYRON (since 25 November 2020)" }, "head of government": { "text": "President of Territorial Council Bruno MAGRAS (since 16 July 2007)" @@ -298,13 +298,22 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy of Saint Barthelemy is based upon high-end tourism and duty-free luxury commerce, serving visitors primarily from North America. The luxury hotels and villas host 70,000 visitors each year with another 130,000 arriving by boat. The relative isolation and high cost of living inhibits mass tourism. The construction and public sectors also enjoy significant investment in support of tourism. With limited fresh water resources, all food must be imported, as must all energy resources and most manufactured goods. The tourism sector creates a strong employment demand and attracts labor from Brazil and Portugal. The country's currency is the euro." }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Exchange rates": { "text": "2013 est.) / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.)" } }, + "Energy": { + "Electricity access": { + "electrification - total population": { + "text": "100% (2020)" + } + } + }, "Communications": { "Telecommunication systems": { "general assessment": { @@ -328,7 +337,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "1 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 234 + "country comparison to the world": 233 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json index a257c790..75f2822c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 174 + "country comparison to the world": 173 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Delaware" @@ -176,11 +176,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.3% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 219 + "country comparison to the world": 218 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 172 + "country comparison to the world": 171 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-5.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population on Trinidad is concentrated in the western half of the island, on Tobago in the southern half" @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ "female": { "text": "18.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 75 + "country comparison to the world": 74 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.7 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 174 + "country comparison to the world": 173 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "40.3% (2011)" @@ -500,30 +500,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Trinidad and Tobago relies on its energy sector for much of its economic activity, and has one of the highest per capita incomes in Latin America. Economic growth between 2000 and 2007 averaged slightly over 8% per year, significantly above the regional average of about 3.7% for that same period; however, GDP has slowed down since then, contracting during 2009-12, making small gains in 2013 and contracting again in 2014-17. Trinidad and Tobago is buffered by considerable foreign reserves and a sovereign wealth fund that equals about one-and-a-half times the national budget, but the country is still in a recession and the government faces the dual challenge of gas shortages and a low price environment. Large-scale energy projects in the last quarter of 2017 are helping to mitigate the gas shortages. ++ Energy production and downstream industrial use dominate the economy. Oil and gas typically account for about 40% of GDP and 80% of exports but less than 5% of employment. Trinidad and Tobago is home to one of the largest natural gas liquefaction facilities in the Western Hemisphere. The country produces about nine times more natural gas than crude oil on an energy equivalent basis with gas contributing about two-thirds of energy sector government revenue. The US is the country's largest trading partner, accounting for 28% of its total imports and 48% of its exports. ++ Economic diversification is a longstanding government talking point, and Trinidad and Tobago has much potential due to its stable, democratic government and its educated, English speaking workforce. The country is also a regional financial center with a well-regulated and stable financial system. Other sectors the Government of Trinidad and Tobago has targeted for increased investment and projected growth include tourism, agriculture, information and communications technology, and shipping. Unfortunately, a host of other factors, including low labor productivity, inefficient government bureaucracy, and corruption, have hampered economic development." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$42.85 billion (2017 est.) / $43.99 billion (2016 est.) / $46.83 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 115 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$22.78 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "-2.6% (2017 est.) / -6.1% (2016 est.) / 1.7% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 210 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.9% (2017 est.) / 3.1% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 109 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba1 (2017)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB- (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$38.558 billion (2019 est.) / $38.559 billion (2018 est.) / $38.654 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$24.031 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$31,300 (2017 est.) / $32,200 (2016 est.) / $34,400 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 65 + "text": "$15,185 (2019 est.) / $15,241 (2018 est.) / $15,343 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 89 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "26.4% of GDP (2017 est.) / 16.8% of GDP (2016 est.) / 29% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 50 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "47.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "51.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "78.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -544,16 +566,8 @@ "text": "-48.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "47.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "51.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "62.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cocoa, dasheen, pumpkin, cassava, tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplant, hot pepper, pommecythere, coconut water, poultry" @@ -582,7 +596,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4.9% (2017 est.) / 4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 72 + "country comparison to the world": 73 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "20% (2014 est.)" @@ -618,17 +632,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.) / 3.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 101 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$2.325 billion (2017 est.) / -$653 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 37 }, "Exports": { "text": "$9.927 billion (2017 est.) / $8.714 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 92 + "country comparison to the world": 100 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 34.8%, Argentina 9% (2017)" @@ -638,7 +648,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$6.105 billion (2017 est.) / $6.858 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 120 + "country comparison to the world": 130 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "mineral fuels, lubricants, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals, live animals" @@ -730,7 +740,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "36.73 billion cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -833,7 +843,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "4 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 190 + "country comparison to the world": 189 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json index 3a01d251..3a6238f4 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 186 + "country comparison to the world": 185 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "55,926 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "black 87.6%, white 7.9%, mixed 2.5%, East Indian 1.3%, other 0.7% (2006 est.)" + "text": "Black 87.6%, White 7.9%, mixed 2.5%, East Indian 1.3%, other 0.7% (2006 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "English (official)" @@ -143,15 +143,15 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 48 + "country comparison to the world": 47 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "14.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 134 + "country comparison to the world": 133 }, "Death rate": { "text": "3.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 222 + "country comparison to the world": 221 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "8.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ "female": { "text": "7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 137 + "country comparison to the world": 136 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.7 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 175 + "country comparison to the world": 174 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -248,8 +248,8 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2018)", - "country comparison to the world": 149 + "text": "2.9% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 139 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -390,23 +390,37 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The Turks and Caicos economy is based on tourism, offshore financial services, and fishing. Most capital goods and food for domestic consumption are imported. The US is the leading source of tourists, accounting for more than three-quarters of the more than 1 million visitors that arrive annually. Three-quarters of the visitors come by ship. Major sources of government revenue also include fees from offshore financial activities and customs receipts." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$632 million (2007 est.) / $568.3 million (2006 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "5.3% (2018 est.) / 4.3% (2017 est.) / 4.4% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 40 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "4% (2017 est.) / 0.7% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 169 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$632 million (2007 est.) / $568.3 million (2006 est.)" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "NA" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "11.2% (2007 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 4 + "text": "$1.02 billion (2018 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$29,100 (2007 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 72 + "text": "$27,100 (2018 est.) / $25,900 (2017 est.) / $26,000 (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 59 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "8.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "90.6% (2017 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -428,16 +442,7 @@ "text": "-56.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "8.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "90.6% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "corn, beans, cassava (manioc, tapioca), citrus fruits; fish" @@ -451,14 +456,14 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "4,848 (1990 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 220 + "country comparison to the world": 219 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "note": "note: about 33% in government and 20% in agriculture and fishing; significant numbers in tourism, financial, and other services" }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "10% (1997 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 146 + "country comparison to the world": 147 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -482,13 +487,9 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4% (2017 est.) / 0.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 158 - }, "Exports": { "text": "$24.77 million (2008 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells" @@ -571,7 +572,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "1,420 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -579,7 +580,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "1,369 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "country comparison to the world": 196 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -603,7 +604,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "221,800 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "country comparison to the world": 197 } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json index ed3f5d1e..d1de48c6 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "more than twice the size of Washington, DC" @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "151,345 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 188 + "country comparison to the world": 187 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -158,11 +158,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.35% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 168 + "country comparison to the world": 167 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "13.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 139 + "country comparison to the world": 138 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 148 + "country comparison to the world": 147 }, "Population distribution": { "note": "largest concentration on the island is Willemstad; smaller settlements near the coast can be found throughout the island, particularly in the northwest" @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ "female": { "text": "6.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 160 + "country comparison to the world": 159 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 113 + "country comparison to the world": 112 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.9% of GDP (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 65 + "country comparison to the world": 63 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -429,24 +429,38 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Most of Curacao's GDP results from services. Tourism, petroleum refining and bunkering, offshore finance, and transportation and communications are the mainstays of this small island economy, which is closely tied to the outside world. Curacao has limited natural resources, poor soil, and inadequate water supplies, and budgetary problems complicate reform of the health and education systems. Although GDP grew only slightly during the past decade, Curacao enjoys a high per capita income and a well-developed infrastructure compared to other countries in the region. ++ Curacao has an excellent natural harbor that can accommodate large oil tankers, and the port of Willemstad hosts a free trade zone and a dry dock. Venezuelan state-owned oil company PdVSA, under a contract in effect until 2019, leases the single refinery on the island from the government, directly employing some 1,000 people. Most of the oil for the refinery is imported from Venezuela and most of the refined products are exported to the US and Asia. Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, with the US, the Netherlands, and Venezuela being the major suppliers. ++ The government is attempting to diversify its industry and trade. Curacao is an Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT) of the European Union. Nationals of Curacao are citizens of the European Union, even though it is not a member. Based on its OCT status, products that originate in Curacao have preferential access to the EU and are exempt from import duties. Curacao is a beneficiary of the Caribbean Basin Initiative and, as a result, products originating in Curacao can be imported tax free into the US if at least 35% has been added to the value of these products in Curacao. The island has state-of-the-art information and communication technology connectivity with the rest of the world, including a Tier IV datacenter. With several direct satellite and submarine optic fiber cables, Curacao has one of the best Internet speeds and reliability in the Western Hemisphere." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$3.128 billion (2012 est.) / $3.02 billion (2011 est.) / $2.96 billion (2010 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2012 US dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 189 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "3.6% (2012 est.) / 2% (2011 est.) / 0.1% (2010 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 82 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.6% (2013 est.) / 2.8% (2012 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 130 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$3.128 billion (2017 est.) / $3.02 billion (2016 est.) / $2.96 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2012 US dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$5.6 billion (2012 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.6% (2012 est.) / 2% (2011 est.) / 0.1% (2010 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 82 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$15,000 (2004 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 112 + "country comparison to the world": 93 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "15.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "83.8% (2012 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -468,16 +482,7 @@ "text": "-37.5% (2016 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "15.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "83.8% (2012 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "aloe, sorghum, peanuts, vegetables, tropical fruit" @@ -490,7 +495,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "73,010 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 185 + "country comparison to the world": 184 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -505,7 +510,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "13% (2013 est.) / 9.8% (2011 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 167 + "country comparison to the world": 168 }, "Taxes and other revenues": { "text": "16.6% (of GDP) (2012 est.)", @@ -519,10 +524,6 @@ "text": "33.2% of GDP (2012 est.) / 40.6% of GDP (2011 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 158 }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.6% (2013 est.) / 2.8% (2012 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 124 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$400 million (2011 est.) / -$600 million (2010 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 116 @@ -536,7 +537,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$540.3 billion (2018 est.) / $453.8 billion (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 8 + "country comparison to the world": 13 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "crude petroleum, food, manufactures" @@ -694,7 +695,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "1 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 219 + "country comparison to the world": 218 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json index c98e289e..93373862 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "twice the size of Washington, DC" @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "101,390 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -171,19 +171,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.22% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "12.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 154 + "country comparison to the world": 153 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 101 + "country comparison to the world": 100 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-7.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population is concentrated in and around the capital of Kingstown" @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ "female": { "text": "10 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 123 + "country comparison to the world": 122 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.76 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 158 + "country comparison to the world": 157 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -295,8 +295,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 64 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.8% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 34 + "text": "5.7% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 30 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -456,30 +456,49 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Success of the economy hinges upon seasonal variations in agriculture, tourism, and construction activity, as well as remittances. Much of the workforce is employed in banana production and tourism. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is home to a small offshore banking sector and continues to fully adopt international regulatory standards. ++ This lower-middle-income country remains vulnerable to natural and external shocks. The economy has shown some signs of recovery due to increased tourist arrivals, falling oil prices and renewed growth in the construction sector. The much anticipated international airport opened in early 2017 with hopes for increased airlift and tourism activity. The government's ability to invest in social programs and respond to external shocks is constrained by its high public debt burden, which was 67% of GDP at the end of 2013." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "0.7% (2017 est.) / 0.8% (2016 est.) / 0.8% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 182 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.2% (2017 est.) / -0.2% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 121 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B3 (2014)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$1.265 billion (2017 est.) / $1.256 billion (2016 est.) / $1.246 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$785 million (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.) / 0.8% (2016 est.) / 0.8% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 182 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$11,500 (2017 est.) / $11,400 (2016 est.) / $11,300 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 133 + "country comparison to the world": 110 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "12.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / 10.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / 10.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 148 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "7.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "17.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "75.5% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "87.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -500,16 +519,8 @@ "text": "-51.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "7.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "17.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "75.5% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "77.4 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "bananas, coconuts, sweet potatoes, spices; small numbers of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats; fish" @@ -523,7 +534,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "57,520 (2007 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 188 + "country comparison to the world": 187 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -538,7 +549,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "18.8% (2008 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 184 + "country comparison to the world": 185 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -574,17 +585,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.2% (2017 est.) / -0.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 115 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$116 million (2017 est.) / -$122 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 90 }, "Exports": { "text": "$48.6 million (2017 est.) / $47.3 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Jordan 40.7%, France 12.5%, Barbados 7%, St. Lucia 6.8%, Antigua and Barbuda 5.7%, US 5.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.7% (2017)" @@ -594,7 +601,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$295.9 million (2017 est.) / $294.6 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals and fertilizers, minerals and fuels" @@ -638,11 +645,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "54,000 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 189 + "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "85% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 72 + "country comparison to the world": 71 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -678,7 +685,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "1,620 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -686,7 +693,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "1,621 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -710,7 +717,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "226,800 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "country comparison to the world": 196 } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json index 5ac1cb69..f50a07bf 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: comprised of 16 inhabited and more than 20 uninhabited islands; includes the islands of Tortola, Anegada, Virgin Gorda, Jost van Dyke", - "country comparison to the world": 220 + "country comparison to the world": 219 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "37,381 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "African/black 76.3%, Latino 5.5%, white 5.4%, mixed 5.3%, Indian 2.1%, East Indian 1.6%, other 3%, unspecified 0.8% (2010 est.)" + "text": "African/Black 76.3%, Latino 5.5%, White 5.4%, mixed 5.3%, Indian 2.1%, East Indian 1.6%, other 3%, unspecified 0.8% (2010 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "English (official)" @@ -144,15 +144,15 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.14% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 39 + "country comparison to the world": 38 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 177 + "country comparison to the world": 176 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 184 + "country comparison to the world": 183 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "15.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ "female": { "text": "9.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 122 + "country comparison to the world": 121 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.33 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 222 + "country comparison to the world": 221 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -249,8 +249,8 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.2% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 130 + "text": "2.5% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 151 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -379,23 +379,37 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy, one of the most stable and prosperous in the Caribbean, is highly dependent on tourism, which generates an estimated 45% of the national income. More than 934,000 tourists, mainly from the US, visited the islands in 2008. Because of traditionally close links with the US Virgin Islands, the British Virgin Islands has used the US dollar as its currency since 1959. ++ Livestock raising is the most important agricultural activity; poor soils limit the islands' ability to meet domestic food requirements. ++ In the mid-1980s, the government began offering offshore registration to companies wishing to incorporate in the islands, and incorporation fees now generate substantial revenues. Roughly 400,000 companies were on the offshore registry by yearend 2000. The adoption of a comprehensive insurance law in late 1994, which provides a blanket of confidentiality with regulated statutory gateways for investigation of criminal offenses, made the British Virgin Islands even more attractive to international business." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$500 million (2017 est.) / $490.2 million (2016 est.) / $481.1 million (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "2% (2017 est.) / 1.9% (2016 est.) / 1.8% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 135 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.1% (2017 est.) / 1.1% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 70 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$500 million (2017 est.) / $490.2 million (2016 est.) / $481.1 million (2015 est.)" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$1.028 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.) / 1.9% (2016 est.) / 1.8% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 135 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$34,200 (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 59 + "country comparison to the world": 50 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "6.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "93.1% (2017 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -417,16 +431,7 @@ "text": "-69.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "6.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "93.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "fruits, vegetables; livestock, poultry; fish" @@ -440,7 +445,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "12,770 (2004)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -455,7 +460,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "2.9% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 34 + "country comparison to the world": 35 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -487,24 +492,20 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.1% (2017 est.) / 1.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 56 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$362.6 million (2011 est.) / $279.8 million (2010 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 55 }, "Exports": { "text": "$23 million (2017 est.) / $23 million (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "rum, fresh fish, fruits, animals; gravel, sand" }, "Imports": { "text": "$300 million NA (2017 est.) / $210 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "building materials, automobiles, foodstuffs, machinery" @@ -518,6 +519,11 @@ } }, "Energy": { + "Electricity access": { + "electrification - total population": { + "text": "100% (2020)" + } + }, "Electricity - production": { "text": "126.3 million kWh (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 198 @@ -536,11 +542,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "45,200 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "country comparison to the world": 192 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "97% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 33 + "country comparison to the world": 32 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -584,7 +590,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "1,227 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -608,7 +614,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "183,300 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 201 } }, "Communications": { @@ -673,7 +679,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "4 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 185 + "country comparison to the world": 184 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json index 713f7b95..cef819a7 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "1,564 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 182 + "country comparison to the world": 181 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "twice the size of Washington, DC" @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "106,235 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 192 + "country comparison to the world": 191 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "black 76%, white 15.6%, Asian 1.4%, other 4.9%, mixed 2.1% (2010 est.)", + "text": "Black 76%, White 15.6%, Asian 1.4%, other 4.9%, mixed 2.1% (2010 est.)", "note": "note: 17.4% self-identify as latino" }, "Languages": { @@ -158,11 +158,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.37% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 223 + "country comparison to the world": 222 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "12.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 162 + "country comparison to the world": 161 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-7.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "while overall population density throughout the islands is relatively low, concentrations appear around Charlotte Amalie on St. Thomas and Christiansted on St. Croix" @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ "female": { "text": "6.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 159 + "country comparison to the world": 158 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.03 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 109 + "country comparison to the world": 108 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -394,24 +394,38 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Tourism, trade, other services, and rum production are the primary economic activities of the US Virgin Islands (USVI), accounting for most of its GDP and employment. The USVI receives between 2.5 and 3 million tourists a year, mostly from visiting cruise ships. The islands are vulnerable to damage from storms, as evidenced by the destruction from two major hurricanes in 2017. Recovery and rebuilding have continued, but full recovery from these back-to-back hurricanes is years away. The USVI government estimates it will need $7.5 billion, almost twice the territory's GDP, to rebuild the territory. ++ The agriculture sector is small and most food is imported. In 2016, government spending (both federal and territorial together) accounted for about 27% of GDP while exports of goods and services, including spending by tourists, accounted for nearly 47%. Federal programs and grants, including rum tax cover-over totaling $482.3 million in 2016, contributed 32.2% of the territory's total revenues. The economy picked up 0.9% in 2016 and had appeared to be progressing before the 2017 hurricanes severely damaged the territory's infrastructure and the economy." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "0.9% (2016 est.) / 0.3% (2015 est.) / -1% (2014 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 175 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1% (2016 est.) / 2.6% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 68 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$3.872 billion (2016 est.) / $3.759 billion (2015 est.) / $3.622 billion (2014 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2013 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 181 + "note": "note: data are in 2013 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$5.182 billion (2016 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.9% (2016 est.) / 0.3% (2015 est.) / -1% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 175 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$37,000 (2016 est.) / $35,800 (2015 est.) / $34,500 (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 54 + "country comparison to the world": 47 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "20% (2012 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "78% (2012 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -433,16 +447,7 @@ "text": "-64.3% (2016 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "20% (2012 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "78% (2012 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "fruit, vegetables, sorghum; Senepol cattle" @@ -455,7 +460,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "48,550 (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -470,7 +475,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "10.4% (2017 est.) / 11% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 151 + "country comparison to the world": 152 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "28.9% (2002 est.)" @@ -506,20 +511,16 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1% (2016 est.) / 2.6% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 54 - }, "Exports": { "text": "$1.81 billion (2016 est.) / $1.537 billion (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 146 + "country comparison to the world": 148 }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "rum" }, "Imports": { "text": "$2.489 billion (2016 est.) / $1.549 billion (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 158 + "country comparison to the world": 164 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, consumer goods, building materials" @@ -559,7 +560,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "98% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 30 + "country comparison to the world": 29 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -595,7 +596,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "1,240 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "3,285 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -671,7 +672,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "2 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/central-asia/kg.json b/central-asia/kg.json index 74f1d111..793d5980 100644 --- a/central-asia/kg.json +++ b/central-asia/kg.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "8,150 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 88 + "country comparison to the world": 87 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than South Dakota" @@ -168,19 +168,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.96% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 109 + "country comparison to the world": 108 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "20.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 74 + "country comparison to the world": 73 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 151 + "country comparison to the world": 150 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "country comparison to the world": 196 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the vast majority of Kyrgyzstanis live in rural areas; densest population settlement is to the north in and around the capital, Bishkek, followed by Osh in the west; the least densely populated area is the east, southeast in the Tien Shan mountains" @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ "female": { "text": "19.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 69 + "country comparison to the world": 68 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.54 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 69 + "country comparison to the world": 68 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "39.4% (2018)" @@ -302,8 +302,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 115 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "7.2% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 12 + "text": "6% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 27 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -516,30 +516,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked, mountainous, lower middle income country with an economy dominated by minerals extraction, agriculture, and reliance on remittances from citizens working abroad. Cotton, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products, although only cotton is exported in any quantity. Other exports include gold, mercury, uranium, natural gas, and - in some years - electricity. The country has sought to attract foreign investment to expand its export base, including construction of hydroelectric dams, but a difficult investment climate and an ongoing legal battle with a Canadian firm over the joint ownership structure of the nation's largest gold mine deter potential investors. Remittances from Kyrgyz migrant workers, predominantly in Russia and Kazakhstan, are equivalent to more than one-quarter of Kyrgyzstan's GDP. ++ Following independence, Kyrgyzstan rapidly implemented market reforms, such as improving the regulatory system and instituting land reform. In 1998, Kyrgyzstan was the first Commonwealth of Independent States country to be accepted into the World Trade Organization. The government has privatized much of its ownership shares in public enterprises. Despite these reforms, the country suffered a severe drop in production in the early 1990s and has again faced slow growth in recent years as the global financial crisis and declining oil prices have dampened economies across Central Asia. The Kyrgyz government remains dependent on foreign donor support to finance its annual budget deficit of approximately 3 to 5% of GDP. ++ Kyrgyz leaders hope the country's August 2015 accession to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) will bolster trade and investment, but slowing economies in Russia and China and low commodity prices continue to hamper economic growth. Large-scale trade and investment pledged by Kyrgyz leaders has been slow to develop. Many Kyrgyz entrepreneurs and politicians complain that non-tariff measures imposed by other EAEU member states are hurting certain sectors of the Kyrgyz economy, such as meat and dairy production, in which they have comparative advantage. Since acceding to the EAEU, the Kyrgyz Republic has continued harmonizing its laws and regulations to meet EAEU standards, though many local entrepreneurs believe this process as disjointed and incomplete. Kyrgyzstan's economic development continues to be hampered by corruption, lack of administrative transparency, lack of diversity in domestic industries, and difficulty attracting foreign aid and investment." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$23.15 billion (2017 est.) / $22.14 billion (2016 est.) / $21.22 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 144 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$7.565 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4.6% (2017 est.) / 4.3% (2016 est.) / 3.9% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 59 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.1% (2019 est.) / 1.5% (2018 est.) / 3.1% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 73 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B2 (2015)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "NR (2016)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$25.274 billion (2019 est.) / $24.184 billion (2018 est.) / $23.308 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$8.442 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$3,700 (2017 est.) / $3,600 (2016 est.) / $3,500 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 183 + "text": "$1,127 (2019 est.) / $1,098 (2018 est.) / $1,078 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "27.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 20.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 18.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 42 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "14.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "31.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "54.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "85.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -560,16 +582,8 @@ "text": "-79% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "14.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "31.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "54.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "93.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries; sheep, goats, cattle, wool" @@ -598,7 +612,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.18% (2019 est.) / 2.59% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 43 + "country comparison to the world": 44 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "32.1% (2015 est.)" @@ -634,17 +648,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.2% (2017 est.) / 0.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 135 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$306 million (2017 est.) / -$792 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 109 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.84 billion (2017 est.) / $1.544 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 144 + "text": "$2.742 billion (2019 est.) / $2.288 billion (2018 est.) / $2.352 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 135 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Switzerland 59.1%, Uzbekistan 9.4%, Kazakhstan 5.1%, Russia 4.9%, UK 4% (2017)" @@ -653,8 +663,8 @@ "text": "gold, cotton, wool, garments, meat; mercury, uranium, electricity; machinery; shoes" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$4.187 billion (2017 est.) / $3.709 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 137 + "text": "$5.477 billion (2019 est.) / $5.32 billion (2018 est.) / $4.953 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 133 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "oil and gas, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs" @@ -702,7 +712,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "24% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 190 + "country comparison to the world": 189 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/central-asia/kz.json b/central-asia/kz.json index c7e064dd..7681bf1e 100644 --- a/central-asia/kz.json +++ b/central-asia/kz.json @@ -168,11 +168,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.89% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 117 + "country comparison to the world": 116 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "16.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 105 + "country comparison to the world": 104 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 67 + "country comparison to the world": 66 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the country displays a low population density, particularly the interior; population clusters appear in urban agglomerations in the far northern and southern portions of the country" @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ "female": { "text": "15.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 83 + "country comparison to the world": 82 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.16 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 96 + "country comparison to the world": 95 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "53% (2018)", @@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 111 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2017)", + "text": "2.6% of GDP (2018)", "country comparison to the world": 146 }, "Literacy": { @@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ "note": "note: Kazakhstan has two time zones ++ etymology: on 20 March 2019, Kazakhstan changed the name of its capital city from Astana to Nur-Sultan in honor of its long-serving, recently retired president, Nursultan NAZARBAYEV; this was not the first time the city had its name changed; founded in 1830 as Akmoly, it became Akmolinsk in 1832, Tselinograd in 1961, Akmola (Aqmola) in 1992, and Astana in 1998" }, "Administrative divisions": { - "text": "14 provinces (oblyslar, singular - oblys) and 4 cities* (qalalar, singular - qala); Almaty (Taldyqorghan), Almaty*, Aqmola (Kokshetau), Aqtobe, Astana*, Atyrau, Batys Qazaqstan [West Kazakhstan] (Oral), Bayqongyr*, Mangghystau (Aqtau), Pavlodar, Qaraghandy, Qostanay, Qyzylorda, Shyghys Qazaqstan [East Kazakhstan] (Oskemen), Shymkent*, Soltustik Qazaqstan [North Kazakhstan] (Petropavl), Turkistan, Zhambyl (Taraz)", + "text": "14 provinces (oblyslar, singular - oblys) and 4 cities* (qalalar, singular - qala); Almaty (Taldyqorghan), Almaty*, Aqmola (Kokshetau), Aqtobe, Atyrau, Batys Qazaqstan [West Kazakhstan] (Oral), Bayqongyr*, Mangghystau (Aqtau), Nur-Sultan*, Pavlodar, Qaraghandy, Qostanay, Qyzylorda, Shyghys Qazaqstan [East Kazakhstan] (Oskemen), Shymkent*, Soltustik Qazaqstan [North Kazakhstan] (Petropavl), Turkistan, Zhambyl (Taraz)", "note": "note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses); in 1995, the Governments of Kazakhstan and Russia entered into an agreement whereby Russia would lease for a period of 20 years an area of 6,000 sq km enclosing the Baikonur space launch facilities and the city of Bayqongyr (Baikonur, formerly Leninsk); in 2004, a new agreement extended the lease to 2050" }, "Independence": { @@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of: Senate (49 seats; 34 members indirectly elected by majority 2-round vote by the oblast-level assemblies and 15 members appointed by decree of the president; members serve 6-year terms, with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years) ++ Mazhilis (107 seats; 98 members directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 9 indirectly elected by the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan, a 350-member, presidentially appointed advisory body designed to represent the country's ethnic minorities)" }, "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held on 12 August 2020 (next to be held in 2026) ++ Mazhilis - last held on 20 March 2016 (next to be held by 2021)" + "text": "Senate - last held on 12 August 2020 (next to be held in 2026) ++ Mazhilis - last held on 20 March 2016 (next to be held on 10 January 2021)" }, "election results": { "text": "++ Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 42, women 5, percent of women 10.6% ++ Mazhilis - percent of vote by party - Nur Otan 82.2%, Ak Zhol 7.2%, Communist People's Party 7.1%, other 3.5%; seats by party - Nur Otan 84, Ak Zhol 7, Communist People's Party 7; composition - men 78, women 29, percent of women 27.1%; note - total Parliament percent of women 22.1%" @@ -520,30 +520,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Kazakhstan's vast hydrocarbon and mineral reserves form the backbone of its economy. Geographically the largest of the former Soviet republics, excluding Russia, Kazakhstan, g possesses substantial fossil fuel reserves and other minerals and metals, such as uranium, copper, and zinc. It also has a large agricultural sector featuring livestock and grain. The government realizes that its economy suffers from an overreliance on oil and extractive industries and has made initial attempts to diversify its economy by targeting sectors like transport, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, petrochemicals and food processing for greater development and investment. It also adopted a Subsoil Code in December 2017 with the aim of increasing exploration and investment in the hydrocarbon, and particularly mining, sectors. ++ Kazakhstan's oil production and potential is expanding rapidly. A $36.8 billion expansion of Kazakhstan's premiere Tengiz oil field by Chevron-led Tengizchevroil should be complete in 2022. Meanwhile, the super-giant Kashagan field finally launched production in October 2016 after years of delay and an estimated $55 billion in development costs. Kazakhstan's total oil production in 2017 climbed 10.5%. ++ Kazakhstan is landlocked and depends on Russia to export its oil to Europe. It also exports oil directly to China. In 2010, Kazakhstan joined Russia and Belarus to establish a Customs Union in an effort to boost foreign investment and improve trade. The Customs Union evolved into a Single Economic Space in 2012 and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in January 2015. Supported by rising commodity prices, Kazakhstan's exports to EAEU countries increased 30.2% in 2017. Imports from EAEU countries grew by 24.1%. ++ The economic downturn of its EAEU partner, Russia, and the decline in global commodity prices from 2014 to 2016 contributed to an economic slowdown in Kazakhstan. In 2014, Kazakhstan devalued its currency, the tenge, and announced a stimulus package to cope with its economic challenges. In the face of further decline in the ruble, oil prices, and the regional economy, Kazakhstan announced in 2015 it would replace its currency band with a floating exchange rate, leading to a sharp fall in the value of the tenge. Since reaching a low of 391 to the dollar in January 2016, the tenge has modestly appreciated, helped by somewhat higher oil prices. While growth slowed to about 1% in both 2015 and 2016, a moderate recovery in oil prices, relatively stable inflation and foreign exchange rates, and the start of production at Kashagan helped push 2017 GDP growth to 4%. ++ Despite some positive institutional and legislative changes in the last several years, investors remain concerned about corruption, bureaucracy, and arbitrary law enforcement, especially at the regional and municipal levels. An additional concern is the condition of the country's banking sector, which suffers from poor asset quality and a lack of transparency. Investors also question the potentially negative effects on the economy of a contested presidential succession as Kazakhstan's first president, Nursultan NAZARBAYEV, turned 77 in 2017." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$478.6 billion (2017 est.) / $460.3 billion (2016 est.) / $455.3 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 43 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "6.13% (2019 est.) / 4.41% (2018 est.) / 4.38% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 27 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "5.2% (2019 est.) / 6% (2018 est.) / 7.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 184 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB (2016)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Baa3 (2016)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB- (2016)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$465.792 billion (2019 est.) / $438.748 billion (2018 est.) / $420.312 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$159.4 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.13% (2019 est.) / 4.41% (2018 est.) / 4.38% (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 28 + "text": "$181.194 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$26,300 (2017 est.) / $25,700 (2016 est.) / $25,800 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 79 + "text": "$11,845 (2019 est.) / $11,299 (2018 est.) / $10,967 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 109 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "23.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 21.4% of GDP (2016 est.) / 25.1% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 71 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "4.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "34.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "61.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "53.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -564,16 +589,8 @@ "text": "-27.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "4.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "34.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "61.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "94.4 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grain (mostly spring wheat and barley), potatoes, vegetables, melons; livestock" @@ -602,7 +619,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4.8% (2019 est.) / 4.85% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 70 + "country comparison to the world": 71 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "2.6% (2016 est.)" @@ -638,17 +655,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "7.4% (2017 est.) / 14.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 194 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$7.206 billion (2019 est.) / -$138 million (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 189 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$49.29 billion (2017 est.) / $37.26 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 51 + "text": "$76.455 billion (2019 est.) / $74.809 billion (2018 est.) / $68.256 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 54 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Italy 17.9%, China 11.9%, Netherlands 9.8%, Russia 9.3%, Switzerland 6.4%, France 5.9% (2017)" @@ -657,8 +670,8 @@ "text": "oil and oil products, natural gas, ferrous metals, chemicals, machinery, grain, wool, meat, coal" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$31.85 billion (2017 est.) / $28.07 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 63 + "text": "$69.117 billion (2019 est.) / $61.933 billion (2018 est.) / $58.099 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 55 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, metal products, foodstuffs" @@ -675,7 +688,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 40 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "tenge (KZT) per US dollar - / 326.3 (2017 est.) / 342.13 (2016 est.) / 342.13 (2015 est.) / 221.73 (2014 est.) / 179.19 (2013 est.)" + "text": "tenge (KZT) per US dollar - / 420.0049 (2020 est.) / 385.9248 (2019 est.) / 370.4648 (2018 est.) / 221.73 (2014 est.) / 179.19 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -706,7 +719,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "86% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 66 + "country comparison to the world": 65 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/central-asia/rs.json b/central-asia/rs.json index 46a91bd5..245cbb8d 100644 --- a/central-asia/rs.json +++ b/central-asia/rs.json @@ -182,11 +182,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.16% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "10 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 191 + "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Death rate": { "text": "13.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 52 + "country comparison to the world": 51 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population is heavily concentrated in the westernmost fifth of the country extending from the Baltic Sea, south to the Caspian Sea, and eastward parallel to the Kazakh border; elsewhere, sizeable pockets are isolated and generally found in the south" @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ "female": { "text": "5.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 163 + "country comparison to the world": 162 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.6 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 186 + "country comparison to the world": 185 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "68% (2011)", @@ -318,15 +318,15 @@ "vectorborne diseases": { "text": "Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, tickborne encephalitis" }, - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout the Russia; as of 10 November 2020, Russia has reported a total of 1,774,334 cases of COVID-19 or 12,158 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 209 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout the Russia; as of 8 December 2020, Russia has reported a total of 2,460,770 cases of COVID-19 or 16,862 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 296 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "23.1% (2016)", "country comparison to the world": 70 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.7% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 118 + "text": "4.7% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 74 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -549,30 +549,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Russia has undergone significant changes since the collapse of the Soviet Union, moving from a centrally planned economy towards a more market-based system. Both economic growth and reform have stalled in recent years, however, and Russia remains a predominantly statist economy with a high concentration of wealth in officials' hands. Economic reforms in the 1990s privatized most industry, with notable exceptions in the energy, transportation, banking, and defense-related sectors. The protection of property rights is still weak, and the state continues to interfere in the free operation of the private sector. ++ Russia is one of the world's leading producers of oil and natural gas, and is also a top exporter of metals such as steel and primary aluminum. Russia is heavily dependent on the movement of world commodity prices as reliance on commodity exports makes it vulnerable to boom and bust cycles that follow the volatile swings in global prices. The economy, which had averaged 7% growth during the 1998-2008 period as oil prices rose rapidly, has seen diminishing growth rates since then due to the exhaustion of Russia's commodity-based growth model. ++ A combination of falling oil prices, international sanctions, and structural limitations pushed Russia into a deep recession in 2015, with GDP falling by close to 2.8%. The downturn continued through 2016, with GDP contracting another 0.2%, but was reversed in 2017 as world demand picked up. Government support for import substitution has increased recently in an effort to diversify the economy away from extractive industries." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$4.016 trillion (2017 est.) / $3.955 trillion (2016 est.) / $3.963 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 6 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.578 trillion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.34% (2019 est.) / 2.54% (2018 est.) / 1.83% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 161 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "4.4% (2019 est.) / 2.8% (2018 est.) / 3.7% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 176 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB (2019)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Baa3 (2019)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB- (2018)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$3,596,444,000,000 (2019 est.) / $3,548,823,000,000 (2018 est.) / $3,461,039,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1,702,361,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$27,900 (2017 est.) / $27,500 (2016 est.) / $27,500 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 74 + "text": "$12,842 (2019 est.) / $12,684 (2018 est.) / $12,388 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 100 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "26.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 25.9% of GDP (2016 est.) / 26.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 48 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "4.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "32.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "62.3% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "52.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -593,16 +618,8 @@ "text": "-20.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "4.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "32.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "62.3% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "93.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk" @@ -631,7 +648,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4.6% (2019 est.) / 4.8% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 69 + "country comparison to the world": 70 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "13.3% (2015 est.)" @@ -668,16 +685,12 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.7% (2017 est.) / 7.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 149 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$65.311 billion (2019 est.) / $115.68 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 6 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$353 billion (2017 est.) / $281.9 billion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$551.128 billion (2019 est.) / $564.314 billion (2018 est.) / $534.657 billion (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 14 }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -687,8 +700,8 @@ "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, metals, wood and wood products, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$238 billion (2017 est.) / $191.6 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 20 + "text": "$366.919 billion (2019 est.) / $355.022 billion (2018 est.) / $345.926 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 19 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, vehicles, pharmaceutical products, plastic, semi-finished metal products, meat, fruits and nuts, optical and medical instruments, iron, steel" @@ -705,7 +718,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 22 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Russian rubles (RUB) per US dollar - / 58.39 (2017 est.) / 67.056 (2016 est.) / 67.056 (2015 est.) / 60.938 (2014 est.) / 38.378 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Russian rubles (RUB) per US dollar - / 73.7569 (2020 est.) / 63.66754 (2019 est.) / 66.2 (2018 est.) / 60.938 (2014 est.) / 38.378 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -736,7 +749,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "68% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 115 + "country comparison to the world": 114 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "11% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -1002,8 +1015,8 @@ "text": "the Russian Federation's military and paramilitary services are equipped with domestically-produced weapons systems, although since 2010 Russia has imported limited amounts of military hardware from Czechia, France, Israel, Italy, Turkey, and Ukraine; the Russian defense industry is capable of designing, developing, and producing a full range of advanced air, land, missile, and naval systems (2019)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "est. 3,000-5,000 Armenia; est. 7,000-10,000 Georgia; est. 500 Kyrgyzstan; est. 1,500 Moldova; est. 4,000-5,000 Syria; est. 5,000-7,000 Tajikistan; est. 25,000-30,000 Ukraine; contributes approximately 8,000 personnel to CSTO's Rapid Reaction Force (2019)", - "note": "it is assessed that as many as 2,500 personnel from a Russian Government-backed private military company are present in Libya supporting Libyan National Army forces (June 2020)" + "text": "est. 3,000-5,000 Armenia; est. 1,500 Belarus; est. 7,000-10,000 Georgia; est. 500 Kyrgyzstan; est. 1,500 Moldova; est. 4,000-5,000 Syria; est. 5,000-7,000 Tajikistan; est. 25,000-31,000 Ukraine; contributes approximately 8,000 personnel to CSTO's Rapid Reaction Force (2019)", + "note": "as of the Fall of 2020, it was assessed that there were approximately 2,000 personnel from a Russian Government-backed private military company in Libya supporting Libyan National Army forces; in addition, there were approximately 2,000 Russian-backed Syrian fighters in Libya" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; males are registered for the draft at 17 years of age; one-year service obligation (Russia offers the option of serving on a two-year contract instead of completing a one-year conscription period); reserve obligation for non-officers to age 50; enrollment in military schools from the age of 16, cadets classified as members of the armed forces (2019)", diff --git a/central-asia/ti.json b/central-asia/ti.json index d2e08e21..de418957 100644 --- a/central-asia/ti.json +++ b/central-asia/ti.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "2,590 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 97 + "country comparison to the world": 96 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Wisconsin" @@ -169,19 +169,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.52% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 69 + "country comparison to the world": 68 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "21.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 68 + "country comparison to the world": 67 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 176 + "country comparison to the world": 175 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 146 + "country comparison to the world": 145 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the country's population is concentrated at lower elevations, with perhaps as much as 90% of the people living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west" @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "female": { "text": "24.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 59 + "country comparison to the world": 58 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.51 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 73 + "country comparison to the world": 72 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "29.3% (2017)" @@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.2% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 57 + "country comparison to the world": 52 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -514,30 +514,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Tajikistan is a poor, mountainous country with an economy dominated by minerals extraction, metals processing, agriculture, and reliance on remittances from citizens working abroad. Mineral resources include silver, gold, uranium, antimony, tungsten, and coal. Industry consists mainly of small obsolete factories in food processing and light industry, substantial hydropower facilities, and a large aluminum plant - currently operating well below its capacity. The 1992-97 civil war severely damaged an already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Today, Tajikistan is the poorest among the former Soviet republics. Because less than 7% of the land area is arable and cotton is the predominant crop, Tajikistan imports approximately 70% of its food. ++ Since the end of the civil war, the country has pursued half-hearted reforms and privatizations in the economic sphere, but its poor business climate remains a hindrance to attracting foreign investment. Some experts estimate the value of narcotics transiting Tajikistan is equivalent to 30%-50% of GDP. ++ Because of a lack of employment opportunities in Tajikistan, more than one million Tajik citizens work abroad - roughly 90% in Russia - supporting families back home through remittances that in 2017 were equivalent to nearly 35% of GDP. Tajikistan's large remittances from migrant workers in Russia exposes it to monetary shocks. Tajikistan often delays devaluation of its currency for fear of inflationary pressures on food and other consumables. Recent slowdowns in the Russian and Chinese economies, low commodity prices, and currency fluctuations have hampered economic growth. The dollar value of remittances from Russia to Tajikistan dropped by almost 65% in 2015, and the government spent almost $500 million in 2016 to bail out the country's still troubled banking sector. ++ Tajikistan's growing public debt – currently about 50% of GDP – could result in financial difficulties. Remittances from Russia increased in 2017, however, bolstering the economy somewhat. China owns about 50% of Tajikistan's outstanding debt. Tajikistan has borrowed heavily to finance investment in the country's vast hydropower potential. In 2016, Tajikistan contracted with the Italian firm Salini Impregilo to build the Roghun dam over a 13-year period for $3.9 billion. A 2017 Eurobond has largely funded Roghun's first phase, after which sales from Roghun's output are expected to fund the rest of its construction. The government has not ruled out issuing another Eurobond to generate auxiliary funding for its second phase." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "7.1% (2017 est.) / 6.9% (2016 est.) / 6% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 16 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "7.7% (2019 est.) / 3.9% (2018 est.) / 7.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 197 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B3 (2017)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B- (2017)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$28.43 billion (2017 est.) / $26.55 billion (2016 est.) / $24.83 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 135 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$7.144 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "7.1% (2017 est.) / 6.9% (2016 est.) / 6% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 17 + "text": "$2.522 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$3,200 (2017 est.) / $3,000 (2016 est.) / $2,900 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 192 + "country comparison to the world": 177 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "24.4% of GDP (2017 est.) / 15.4% of GDP (2016 est.) / 11.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 66 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "28.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "25.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "45.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "98.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -558,16 +580,8 @@ "text": "-36.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "28.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "25.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "45.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "60.9 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats" @@ -597,7 +611,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "2.4% (2016 est.) / 2.5% (2015 est.)", "note": "note: official rate; actual unemployment is much higher", - "country comparison to the world": 27 + "country comparison to the world": 28 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "31.5% (2016 est.)" @@ -633,10 +647,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "7.3% (2017 est.) / 5.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 193 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$35 million (2017 est.) / -$362 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 78 @@ -653,7 +663,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$2.39 billion (2017 est.) / $2.554 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 159 + "country comparison to the world": 165 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs" @@ -701,7 +711,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "6% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/central-asia/tx.json b/central-asia/tx.json index 59adf1c2..2a8373ca 100644 --- a/central-asia/tx.json +++ b/central-asia/tx.json @@ -169,19 +169,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.06% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 100 + "country comparison to the world": 99 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "18.3 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 86 + "country comparison to the world": 85 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 162 + "country comparison to the world": 161 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 161 + "country comparison to the world": 160 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the most densely populated areas are the southern, eastern, and northeastern oases; approximately 50% of the population lives in and around the capital of Ashgabat" @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ "female": { "text": "24.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 53 + "country comparison to the world": 52 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.04 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 108 + "country comparison to the world": 107 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "50.2% (2015/16)" @@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.1% of GDP (2012)", - "country comparison to the world": 138 + "country comparison to the world": 134 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -499,30 +499,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Turkmenistan is largely a desert country with intensive agriculture in irrigated oases and significant natural gas and oil resources. The two largest crops are cotton, most of which is produced for export, and wheat, which is domestically consumed. Although agriculture accounts for almost 8% of GDP, it continues to employ nearly half of the country's workforce. Hydrocarbon exports, the bulk of which is natural gas going to China, make up 25% of Turkmenistan's GDP. Ashgabat has explored two initiatives to bring gas to new markets: a trans-Caspian pipeline that would carry gas to Europe and the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India gas pipeline. Both face major financing, political, and security hurdles and are unlikely to be completed soon. ++ Turkmenistan's autocratic governments under presidents NIYAZOW (1991-2006) and BERDIMUHAMEDOW (since 2007) have made little progress improving the business climate, privatizing state-owned industries, combatting corruption, and limiting economic development outside the energy sector. High energy prices in the mid-2000s allowed the government to undertake extensive development and social spending, including providing heavy utility subsidies. ++ Low energy prices since mid-2014 are hampering Turkmenistan's economic growth and reducing government revenues. The government has cut subsidies in several areas, and wage arrears have increased. In January 2014, the Central Bank of Turkmenistan devalued the manat by 19%, and downward pressure on the currency continues. There is a widening spread between the official exchange rate (3.5 TMM per US dollar) and the black market exchange rate (approximately 14 TMM per US dollar). Currency depreciation and conversion restrictions, corruption, isolationist policies, and declining spending on public services have resulted in a stagnate economy that is nearing crisis. Turkmenistan claims substantial foreign currency reserves, but non-transparent data limit international institutions' ability to verify this information." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$103.7 billion (2017 est.) / $97.41 billion (2016 est.) / $91.72 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 84 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "6.5% (2017 est.) / 6.2% (2016 est.) / 6.5% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 23 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "8% (2017 est.) / 3.6% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 201 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$98.891 billion (2018 est.) / $103.7 billion (2017 est.) / $93.118 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$37.93 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.5% (2017 est.) / 6.2% (2016 est.) / 6.5% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 24 + "text": "$40.819 billion (2018 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$18,200 (2017 est.) / $17,300 (2016 est.) / $16,500 (2015 est.)", + "text": "$7,644 (2018 est.) / $18,200 (2017 est.) / $7,314 (2017 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 97 + "country comparison to the world": 134 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "23.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 24.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / 18.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 70 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "7.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "44.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "47.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "50% (2017 est.)" @@ -543,16 +557,7 @@ "text": "-14.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "7.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "44.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "47.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cotton, grain, melons; livestock" @@ -581,7 +586,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "11% (2014 est.) / 10.6% (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 155 + "country comparison to the world": 156 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "0.2% (2012 est.)" @@ -617,17 +622,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "8% (2017 est.) / 3.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 198 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$4.359 billion (2017 est.) / -$7.207 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 182 }, "Exports": { "text": "$7.458 billion (2017 est.) / $6.987 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 99 + "country comparison to the world": 109 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 83.7%, Turkey 5.1% (2017)" @@ -637,7 +638,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$4.571 billion (2017 est.) / $5.215 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 135 + "country comparison to the world": 143 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs" @@ -729,7 +730,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "77.45 billion cu m (2017 est.)", diff --git a/central-asia/uz.json b/central-asia/uz.json index 664a1bc6..9e882f9a 100644 --- a/central-asia/uz.json +++ b/central-asia/uz.json @@ -166,19 +166,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.88% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 118 + "country comparison to the world": 117 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "16.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 109 + "country comparison to the world": 108 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 188 + "country comparison to the world": 187 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 168 + "country comparison to the world": 167 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, while the central and western deserts are sparsely populated" @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ "female": { "text": "13.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 93 + "country comparison to the world": 92 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.74 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 164 + "country comparison to the world": 163 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -297,8 +297,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 102 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.3% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 26 + "text": "5.3% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 47 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -500,30 +500,56 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in which 51% of the population lives in urban settlements; the agriculture-rich Fergana Valley, in which Uzbekistan's eastern borders are situated, has been counted among the most densely populated parts of Central Asia. Since its independence in September 1991, the government has largely maintained its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production, prices, and access to foreign currency. Despite ongoing efforts to diversify crops, Uzbek agriculture remains largely centered on cotton; Uzbekistan is the world's fifth-largest cotton exporter and seventh-largest producer. Uzbekistan's growth has been driven primarily by state-led investments, and export of natural gas, gold, and cotton provides a significant share of foreign exchange earnings. ++ Recently, lower global commodity prices and economic slowdowns in neighboring Russia and China have hurt Uzbekistan's trade and investment and worsened its foreign currency shortage. Aware of the need to improve the investment climate, the government is taking incremental steps to reform the business sector and address impediments to foreign investment in the country. Since the death of first President Islam KARIMOV and election of President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV, emphasis on such initiatives and government efforts to improve the private sector have increased. In the past, Uzbek authorities accused US and other foreign companies operating in Uzbekistan of violating Uzbek laws and have frozen and seized their assets. ++ As a part of its economic reform efforts, the Uzbek Government is looking to expand opportunities for small and medium enterprises and prioritizes increasing foreign direct investment. In September 2017, the government devalued the official currency rate by almost 50% and announced the loosening of currency restrictions to eliminate the currency black market, increase access to hard currency, and boost investment." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$223 billion (2017 est.) / $211.8 billion (2016 est.) / $196.5 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 63 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$48.83 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "5.3% (2017 est.) / 7.8% (2016 est.) / 7.9% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 41 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "12.5% (2017 est.) / 8% (2016 est.)", + "note": "note: official data; based on independent analysis of consumer prices, inflation reached 22% in 2012", + "country comparison to the world": 213 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB- (2018)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B1 (2019)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BB- (2018)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$223 billion (2017 est.) / $211.8 billion (2016 est.) / $196.5 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$57.789 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$6,900 (2017 est.) / $6,700 (2016 est.) / $6,300 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 158 + "country comparison to the world": 139 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "32.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 25.4% of GDP (2016 est.) / 27.6% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 24 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "17.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "33.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "48.5% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "59.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -544,16 +570,8 @@ "text": "-20% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "17.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "33.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "48.5% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "58.2 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock" @@ -583,7 +601,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5% (2017 est.) / 5.1% (2016 est.)", "note": "note: official data; another 20% are underemployed", - "country comparison to the world": 79 + "country comparison to the world": 80 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "14% (2016 est.)" @@ -619,18 +637,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "12.5% (2017 est.) / 8% (2016 est.)", - "note": "note: official data; based on independent analysis of consumer prices, inflation reached 22% in 2012", - "country comparison to the world": 208 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$1.713 billion (2017 est.) / $384 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 43 }, "Exports": { "text": "$11.48 billion (2017 est.) / $11.2 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 84 + "country comparison to the world": 90 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Switzerland 38.7%, China 15.5%, Russia 10.7%, Turkey 8.6%, Kazakhstan 7.7%, Afghanistan 4.7% (2017)" @@ -640,7 +653,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$11.42 billion (2017 est.) / $10.92 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 93 + "country comparison to the world": 100 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, ferrous and nonferrous metals" @@ -688,7 +701,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "86% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 69 + "country comparison to the world": 68 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -732,7 +745,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "52.1 billion cu m (2017 est.)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json index b65d9e18..888d7f8a 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json @@ -182,19 +182,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.85% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 122 + "country comparison to the world": 121 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "17 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 99 + "country comparison to the world": 98 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 118 + "country comparison to the world": 117 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 152 + "country comparison to the world": 151 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population concentrated along coastal areas and in general proximity to the shores of the Irrawaddy River; the extreme north is relatively underpopulated" @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ "female": { "text": "28.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 50 + "country comparison to the world": 49 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.07 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 102 + "country comparison to the world": 101 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "52.2% (2015/16)" @@ -332,8 +332,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 29 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.2% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 164 + "text": "1.9% of GDP (2019)", + "country comparison to the world": 162 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -551,30 +551,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Since Burma began the transition to a civilian-led government in 2011, the country initiated economic reforms aimed at attracting foreign investment and reintegrating into the global economy. Burma established a managed float of the Burmese kyat in 2012, granted the Central Bank operational independence in July 2013, enacted a new anti-corruption law in September 2013, and granted licenses to 13 foreign banks in 2014-16. State Counsellor AUNG SAN SUU KYI and the ruling National League for Democracy, who took power in March 2016, have sought to improve Burma's investment climate following the US sanctions lift in October 2016 and reinstatement of Generalized System of Preferences trade benefits in November 2016. In October 2016, Burma passed a foreign investment law that consolidates investment regulations and eases rules on foreign ownership of businesses. ++ Burma's economic growth rate recovered from a low growth under 6% in 2011 but has been volatile between 6% and 8% between 2014 and 2018. Burma's abundant natural resources and young labor force have the potential to attract foreign investment in the energy, garment, information technology, and food and beverage sectors. The government is focusing on accelerating agricultural productivity and land reforms, modernizing and opening the financial sector, and developing transportation and electricity infrastructure. The government has also taken steps to improve transparency in the mining and oil sectors through publication of reports under the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) in 2016 and 2018. ++ Despite these improvements, living standards have not improved for the majority of the people residing in rural areas. Burma remains one of the poorest countries in Asia – approximately 26% of the country's 51 million people live in poverty. The isolationist policies and economic mismanagement of previous governments have left Burma with poor infrastructure, endemic corruption, underdeveloped human resources, and inadequate access to capital, which will require a major commitment to reverse. The Burmese Government has been slow to address impediments to economic development such as unclear land rights, a restrictive trade licensing system, an opaque revenue collection system, and an antiquated banking system." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$329.8 billion (2017 est.) / $308.7 billion (2016 est.) / $291.5 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 53 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "6.8% (2017 est.) / 5.9% (2016 est.) / 7% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 20 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "8.8% (2019 est.) / 6.8% (2018 est.) / 4.6% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 203 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$287.95 billion (2019 est.) / $279.868 billion (2018 est.) / $262.17 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$67.28 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.8% (2017 est.) / 5.9% (2016 est.) / 7% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 21 + "text": "$76.606 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$6,300 (2017 est.) / $5,900 (2016 est.) / $5,600 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 163 + "country comparison to the world": 145 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "17.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 17.6% of GDP (2016 est.) / 18.1% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 113 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "24.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "35.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "40.3% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "59.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -595,16 +609,8 @@ "text": "-28.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "24.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "35.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "40.3% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "89.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, pulses, beans, sesame, groundnuts; sugarcane; fish and fish products; hardwood" @@ -633,7 +639,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4% (2017 est.) / 4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 59 + "country comparison to the world": 60 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "25.6% (2016 est.)" @@ -669,18 +675,14 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4% (2017 est.) / 6.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 154 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$240 million (2019 est.) / -$2.398 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 56 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$9.832 billion (2017 est.) / $9.085 billion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$16.267 billion (2018 est.) / $14.611 billion (2017 est.)", "note": "note: official export figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of timber, gems, narcotics, rice, and other products smuggled to Thailand, China, and Bangladesh", - "country comparison to the world": 93 + "country comparison to the world": 83 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 36.5%, Thailand 21.8%, Japan 6.6%, Singapore 6.4%, India 5.9% (2017)" @@ -689,9 +691,9 @@ "text": "natural gas; wood products; pulses and beans; fish; rice; clothing; minerals, including jade and gems" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$15.78 billion (2017 est.) / $12.81 billion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$14.958 billion (2018 est.) / $16.21 billion (2017 est.)", "note": "note: import figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of consumer goods, diesel fuel, and other products smuggled in from Thailand, China, Malaysia, and India", - "country comparison to the world": 87 + "country comparison to the world": 94 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "fabric; petroleum products; fertilizer; plastics; machinery; transport equipment; cement, construction materials; food products‘ edible oil" @@ -748,7 +750,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "39% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 171 + "country comparison to the world": 170 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json index 24102850..eb2c1db3 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "500 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 173 + "country comparison to the world": 172 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Delaware" @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "464,478 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 174 + "country comparison to the world": 173 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -170,19 +170,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.51% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 70 + "country comparison to the world": 69 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "16.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 104 + "country comparison to the world": 103 }, "Death rate": { "text": "3.8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "country comparison to the world": 215 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 42 + "country comparison to the world": 41 }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { @@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ "female": { "text": "7.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 142 + "country comparison to the world": 141 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.75 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 159 + "country comparison to the world": 158 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.4% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 88 + "country comparison to the world": 81 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Scott E. WOODARD (since 20 May 2020)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Emily M. FLECKNER (since 20 August 2020)" }, "telephone": { "text": "[673] 238-4616" @@ -494,30 +494,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Brunei is an energy-rich sultanate on the northern coast of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Brunei boasts a well-educated, largely English-speaking population; excellent infrastructure; and a stable government intent on attracting foreign investment. Crude oil and natural gas production account for approximately 65% of GDP and 95% of exports, with Japan as the primary export market. ++ Per capita GDP is among the highest in the world, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic hydrocarbon production. Bruneian citizens pay no personal income taxes, and the government provides free medical services and free education through the university level. ++ The Bruneian Government wants to diversify its economy away from hydrocarbon exports to other industries such as information and communications technology and halal manufacturing, permissible under Islamic law. Brunei's trade increased in 2016 and 2017, following its regional economic integration in the ASEAN Economic Community, and the expected ratification of the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "1.3% (2017 est.) / -2.5% (2016 est.) / -0.4% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 162 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-0.2% (2017 est.) / -0.7% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 16 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$33.87 billion (2017 est.) / $33.42 billion (2016 est.) / $34.27 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 128 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$12.13 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.) / -2.5% (2016 est.) / -0.4% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 162 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$78,900 (2017 est.) / $79,000 (2016 est.) / $82,200 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 9 + "country comparison to the world": 10 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "47.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 50.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 51.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 3 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "56.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "42.3% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "25% (2017 est.)" @@ -538,16 +552,8 @@ "text": "-36.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "56.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "42.3% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "70.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, vegetables, fruits; chickens, water buffalo, cattle, goats, eggs" @@ -576,7 +582,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "6.9% (2017 est.) / 6.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 108 + "country comparison to the world": 109 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -612,17 +618,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.2% (2017 est.) / -0.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 9 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$2.021 billion (2017 est.) / $1.47 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 40 }, "Exports": { "text": "$5.885 billion (2017 est.) / $5.023 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 103 + "country comparison to the world": 113 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Japan 27.8%, South Korea 12.4%, Thailand 11.5%, Malaysia 11.3%, India 9.3%, Singapore 7.7%, Switzerland 5%, China 4.7% (2017)" @@ -632,7 +634,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$2.998 billion (2017 est.) / $2.658 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 147 + "country comparison to the world": 153 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and mechanical appliance parts, mineral fuels, motor vehicles, electric machinery" @@ -650,7 +652,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Bruneian dollars (BND) per US dollar - / 1.394 (2017 est.) / 1.3814 (2016 est.) / 1.3814 (2015 est.) / 1.3749 (2014 est.) / 1.267 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Bruneian dollars (BND) per US dollar - / 1.33685 (2020 est.) / 1.35945 (2019 est.) / 1.3699 (2018 est.) / 1.3749 (2014 est.) / 1.267 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -828,7 +830,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "1 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "country comparison to the world": 215 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json index 0c0c0773..7b69cb73 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "4,520 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 91 + "country comparison to the world": 90 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "one and a half times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oklahoma" @@ -179,19 +179,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.4% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 80 + "country comparison to the world": 79 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "21.3 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 70 + "country comparison to the world": 69 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 110 + "country comparison to the world": 109 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 115 + "country comparison to the world": 114 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population concentrated in the southeast, particularly in and around the capital of Phnom Penh; further distribution is linked closely to the Tonle Sap and Mekong Rivers" @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ "female": { "text": "37.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 30 + "country comparison to the world": 29 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.39 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 79 + "country comparison to the world": 78 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "56.3% (2014)" @@ -326,8 +326,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 13 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "1.9% of GDP (2014)", - "country comparison to the world": 170 + "text": "2.2% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 158 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -534,30 +534,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Cambodia has experienced strong economic growth over the last decade; GDP grew at an average annual rate of over 8% between 2000 and 2010 and about 7% since 2011. The tourism, garment, construction and real estate, and agriculture sectors accounted for the bulk of growth. Around 700,000 people, the majority of whom are women, are employed in the garment and footwear sector. An additional 500,000 Cambodians are employed in the tourism sector, and a further 200,000 people in construction. Tourism has continued to grow rapidly with foreign arrivals exceeding 2 million per year in 2007 and reaching 5.6 million visitors in 2017. Mining also is attracting some investor interest and the government has touted opportunities for mining bauxite, gold, iron and gems. ++ ++ Still, Cambodia remains one of the poorest countries in Asia, and long-term economic development remains a daunting challenge, inhibited by corruption, limited human resources, high income inequality, and poor job prospects. According to the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the percentage of the population living in poverty decreased to 13.5% in 2016. More than 50% of the population is less than 25 years old. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the impoverished countryside, which also lacks basic infrastructure. ++ ++ The World Bank in 2016 formally reclassified Cambodia as a lower middle-income country as a result of continued rapid economic growth over the past several years. Cambodia's graduation from a low-income country will reduce its eligibility for foreign assistance and will challenge the government to seek new sources of financing. The Cambodian Government has been working with bilateral and multilateral donors, including the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank and IMF, to address the country's many pressing needs; more than 20% of the government budget will come from donor assistance in 2018. A major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance. ++ ++ Textile exports, which accounted for 68% of total exports in 2017, have driven much of Cambodia's growth over the past several years. The textile sector relies on exports to the United States and European Union, and Cambodia's dependence on its comparative advantage in textile production is a key vulnerability for the economy, especially because Cambodia has continued to run a current account deficit above 9% of GDP since 2014." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "6.9% (2017 est.) / 7% (2016 est.) / 7% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 18 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.9% (2017 est.) / 3% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 146 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B2 (2007)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "N/A (2014)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$64.21 billion (2017 est.) / $60.09 billion (2016 est.) / $56.18 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 104 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$22.09 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.9% (2017 est.) / 7% (2016 est.) / 7% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 19 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$4,000 (2017 est.) / $3,800 (2016 est.) / $3,600 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 177 + "country comparison to the world": 164 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "13.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 14.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / 13.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 139 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "25.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "32.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "41.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "76% (2017 est.)" @@ -578,16 +600,8 @@ "text": "-73% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "25.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "32.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "41.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "53.8 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, cassava (manioc, tapioca), silk" @@ -653,17 +667,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.9% (2017 est.) / 3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 129 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.871 billion (2017 est.) / -$1.731 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 165 }, "Exports": { "text": "$11.42 billion (2017 est.) / $10.07 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 85 + "country comparison to the world": 91 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 21.5%, UK 9%, Germany 8.6%, Japan 7.6%, China 6.9%, Canada 6.7%, Spain 4.7%, Belgium 4.5% (2017)" @@ -673,7 +683,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$14.37 billion (2017 est.) / $12.65 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 91 + "country comparison to the world": 95 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products" @@ -730,7 +740,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "35% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 178 + "country comparison to the world": 177 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json index 13383aeb..83051ecd 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ "text": "Turpan Pendi -154 m" }, "highest point": { - "text": "Mount Everest (highest peak in Asia and highest point on earth above sea level) 8,848 m" + "text": "Mount Everest (highest peak in Asia and highest point on earth above sea level) 8,849 m" } }, "Natural resources": { @@ -183,11 +183,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.32% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 170 + "country comparison to the world": 169 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 168 + "country comparison to the world": 167 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 123 + "country comparison to the world": 122 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "overwhelming majority of the population is found in the eastern half of the country; the west, with its vast mountainous and desert areas, remains sparsely populated; though ranked first in the world in total population, overall density is less than that of many other countries in Asia and Europe; high population density is found along the Yangtze and Yellow River valleys, the Xi Jiang River delta, the Sichuan Basin (around Chengdu), in and around Beijing, and the industrial area around Shenyang" @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "female": { "text": "10.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 115 + "country comparison to the world": 114 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.6 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 184 + "country comparison to the world": 183 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "84.5% (2017)" @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ "soil contact diseases": { "text": "hantaviral hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)" }, - "note": "note: a new coronavirus is causing an outbreak of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in China; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; the US Department of State has issued a do not travel advisory for China due to COVID-19; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has also recommended against travel to China and published additional guidance at https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/warning/novel-coronavirus-china; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in China to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures; as of 10 November 2020, China has reported 92,195 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with 4,748 deaths to the World Health Organization" + "note": "note: a new coronavirus is causing an outbreak of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in China; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; the US Department of State has issued a do not travel advisory for China due to COVID-19; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has also recommended against travel to China and published additional guidance at https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/warning/novel-coronavirus-china; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in China to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures; as of 8 December 2020, China has reported 94,160 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with 4,753 deaths to the World Health Organization" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "6.2% (2016)", @@ -537,31 +537,56 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Since the late 1970s, China has moved from a closed, centrally planned system to a more market-oriented one that plays a major global role. China has implemented reforms in a gradualist fashion, resulting in efficiency gains that have contributed to a more than tenfold increase in GDP since 1978. Reforms began with the phaseout of collectivized agriculture, and expanded to include the gradual liberalization of prices, fiscal decentralization, increased autonomy for state enterprises, growth of the private sector, development of stock markets and a modern banking system, and opening to foreign trade and investment. China continues to pursue an industrial policy, state support of key sectors, and a restrictive investment regime. From 2013 to 2017, China had one of the fastest growing economies in the world, averaging slightly more than 7% real growth per year. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, China in 2017 stood as the largest economy in the world, surpassing the US in 2014 for the first time in modern history. China became the world's largest exporter in 2010, and the largest trading nation in 2013. Still, China's per capita income is below the world average. ++ In July 2005 moved to an exchange rate system that references a basket of currencies. From mid-2005 to late 2008, the renminbi (RMB) appreciated more than 20% against the US dollar, but the exchange rate remained virtually pegged to the dollar from the onset of the global financial crisis until June 2010, when Beijing announced it would resume a gradual appreciation. From 2013 until early 2015, the renminbi held steady against the dollar, but it depreciated 13% from mid-2015 until end-2016 amid strong capital outflows; in 2017 the RMB resumed appreciating against the dollar – roughly 7% from end-of-2016 to end-of-2017. In 2015, the People's Bank of China announced it would continue to carefully push for full convertibility of the renminbi, after the currency was accepted as part of the IMF's special drawing rights basket. However, since late 2015 the Chinese Government has strengthened capital controls and oversight of overseas investments to better manage the exchange rate and maintain financial stability. ++ The Chinese Government faces numerous economic challenges including: (a) reducing its high domestic savings rate and correspondingly low domestic household consumption; (b) managing its high corporate debt burden to maintain financial stability; (c) controlling off-balance sheet local government debt used to finance infrastructure stimulus; (d) facilitating higher-wage job opportunities for the aspiring middle class, including rural migrants and college graduates, while maintaining competitiveness; (e) dampening speculative investment in the real estate sector without sharply slowing the economy; (f) reducing industrial overcapacity; and (g) raising productivity growth rates through the more efficient allocation of capital and state-support for innovation. Economic development has progressed further in coastal provinces than in the interior, and by 2016 more than 169.3 million migrant workers and their dependents had relocated to urban areas to find work. One consequence of China's population control policy known as the \"one-child policy\" - which was relaxed in 2016 to permit all families to have two children - is that China is now one of the most rapidly aging countries in the world. Deterioration in the environment - notably air pollution, soil erosion, and the steady fall of the water table, especially in the North - is another long-term problem. China continues to lose arable land because of erosion and urbanization. The Chinese Government is seeking to add energy production capacity from sources other than coal and oil, focusing on natural gas, nuclear, and clean energy development. In 2016, China ratified the Paris Agreement, a multilateral agreement to combat climate change, and committed to peak its carbon dioxide emissions between 2025 and 2030. ++ The government's 13th Five-Year Plan, unveiled in March 2016, emphasizes the need to increase innovation and boost domestic consumption to make the economy less dependent on government investment, exports, and heavy industry. However, China has made more progress on subsidizing innovation than rebalancing the economy. Beijing has committed to giving the market a more decisive role in allocating resources, but the Chinese Government's policies continue to favor state-owned enterprises and emphasize stability. Chinese leaders in 2010 pledged to double China's GDP by 2020, and the 13th Five Year Plan includes annual economic growth targets of at least 6.5% through 2020 to achieve that goal. In recent years, China has renewed its support for state-owned enterprises in sectors considered important to \"economic security,\" explicitly looking to foster globally competitive industries. Chinese leaders also have undermined some market-oriented reforms by reaffirming the \"dominant\" role of the state in the economy, a stance that threatens to discourage private initiative and make the economy less efficient over time. The slight acceleration in economic growth in 2017—the first such uptick since 2010—gives Beijing more latitude to pursue its economic reforms, focusing on financial sector deleveraging and its Supply-Side Structural Reform agenda, first announced in late 2015." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$25.36 trillion (2018) / $23.21 trillion (2017 est.) / $21.72 trillion (2016 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 1 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "6.14% (2019 est.) / 6.75% (2018 est.) / 6.92% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 26 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.8% (2019 est.) / 2% (2018 est.) / 1.5% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 139 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "A+ (2007)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A1 (2017)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "A+ (2017)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$23,440,361,000,000 (2019 est.) / $22,085,497,000,000 (2018 est.) / $20,692,099,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$12.01 trillion (2017 est.)", + "text": "$14,327,359,000,000 (2019 est.)", "note": "note: because China's exchange rate is determined by fiat rather than by market forces, the official exchange rate measure of GDP is not an accurate measure of China's output; GDP at the official exchange rate substantially understates the actual level of China's output vis-a-vis the rest of the world; in China's situation, GDP at purchasing power parity provides the best measure for comparing output across countries" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.14% (2019 est.) / 6.75% (2018 est.) / 6.92% (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 27 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$18,200 (2018) / $16,700 (2017 est.) / $15,700 (2016 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 96 + "text": "$8,041 (2019 est.) / $7,609 (2018 est.) / $7,162 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 128 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "45.8% of GDP (2017 est.) / 45.9% of GDP (2016 est.) / 47.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 6 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "7.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "40.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "51.6% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "39.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -582,16 +607,8 @@ "text": "-18.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "7.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "40.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "51.6% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "77.9 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "world leader in gross value of agricultural output; rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, apples, cotton, pork, mutton, eggs; fish, shrimp" @@ -622,7 +639,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.64% (2019 est.) / 3.84% (2018 est.)", "note": "note: data are for registered urban unemployment, which excludes private enterprises and migrants", - "country comparison to the world": 51 + "country comparison to the world": 52 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "3.3% (2016 est.)", @@ -661,10 +678,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.) / 2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 88 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$141.335 billion (2019 est.) / $25.499 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 3 @@ -698,7 +711,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 14 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Renminbi yuan (RMB) per US dollar - / 7.76 (2017 est.) / 6.6446 (2016 est.) / 6.2275 (2015 est.) / 6.1434 (2014 est.) / 6.1958 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Renminbi yuan (RMB) per US dollar - / 6.5374 (2020 est.) / 7.0403 (2019 est.) / 6.8798 (2018 est.) / 6.1434 (2014 est.) / 6.1958 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -729,7 +742,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "62% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 124 + "country comparison to the world": 123 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "2% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json index b602387f..6cf09124 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "35 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 184 + "country comparison to the world": 183 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "six times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -165,11 +165,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.24% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 178 + "country comparison to the world": 177 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 51 + "country comparison to the world": 50 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population fairly evenly distributed" @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ "female": { "text": "2.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.21 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 225 + "country comparison to the world": 224 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "66.7% (2017)" @@ -282,8 +282,8 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.3% of GDP (2018)", - "country comparison to the world": 128 + "text": "3.8% of GDP (2019)", + "country comparison to the world": 103 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -448,30 +448,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Hong Kong has a free market economy, highly dependent on international trade and finance - the value of goods and services trade, including the sizable share of reexports, is about four times GDP. Hong Kong has no tariffs on imported goods, and it levies excise duties on only four commodities, whether imported or produced locally: hard alcohol, tobacco, oil, and methyl alcohol. There are no quotas or dumping laws. Hong Kong continues to link its currency closely to the US dollar, maintaining an arrangement established in 1983. ++ Excess liquidity, low interest rates and a tight housing supply have caused Hong Kong property prices to rise rapidly. The lower and middle-income segments of the population increasingly find housing unaffordable. ++ Hong Kong's open economy has left it exposed to the global economic situation. Its continued reliance on foreign trade and investment makes it vulnerable to renewed global financial market volatility or a slowdown in the global economy. ++ Mainland China has long been Hong Kong's largest trading partner, accounting for about half of Hong Kong's total trade by value. Hong Kong's natural resources are limited, and food and raw materials must be imported. As a result of China's easing of travel restrictions, the number of mainland tourists to the territory surged from 4.5 million in 2001 to 47.3 million in 2014, outnumbering visitors from all other countries combined. After peaking in 2014, overall tourist arrivals dropped 2.5% in 2015 and 4.5% in 2016. The tourism sector rebounded in 2017, with visitor arrivals rising 3.2% to 58.47 million. Travelers from Mainland China totaled 44.45 million, accounting for 76% of the total. ++ The Hong Kong Government is promoting the Special Administrative Region (SAR) as the preferred business hub for renminbi (RMB) internationalization. Hong Kong residents are allowed to establish RMB-denominated savings accounts, RMB-denominated corporate and Chinese government bonds have been issued in Hong Kong, RMB trade settlement is allowed, and investment schemes such as the Renminbi Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (RQFII) Program was first launched in Hong Kong. Offshore RMB activities experienced a setback, however, after the People's Bank of China changed the way it set the central parity rate in August 2015. RMB deposits in Hong Kong fell from 1.0 trillion RMB at the end of 2014 to 559 billion RMB at the end of 2017, while RMB trade settlement handled by banks in Hong Kong also shrank from 6.8 trillion RMB in 2015 to 3.9 trillion RMB in 2017. ++ Hong Kong has also established itself as the premier stock market for Chinese firms seeking to list abroad. In 2015, mainland Chinese companies constituted about 50% of the firms listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and accounted for about 66% of the exchange's market capitalization. ++ During the past decade, as Hong Kong's manufacturing industry moved to the mainland, its service industry has grown rapidly. In 2014, Hong Kong and China signed a new agreement on achieving basic liberalization of trade in services in Guangdong Province under the Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), adopted in 2003 to forge closer ties between Hong Kong and the mainland. The new measures, which took effect in March 2015, cover a negative list and a most-favored treatment provision. On the basis of the Guangdong Agreement, the Agreement on Trade in Services signed in November 2015 further enhanced liberalization, including extending the implementation of the majority of Guangdong pilot liberalization measures to the whole Mainland, reducing the restrictive measures in the negative list, and adding measures in the positive lists for cross-border services as well as cultural and telecommunications services. In June 2017, the Investment Agreement and the Agreement on Economic and Technical Cooperation (Ecotech Agreement) were signed under the framework of CEPA. ++ Hong Kong's economic integration with the mainland continues to be most evident in the banking and finance sector. Initiatives like the Hong Kong-Shanghai Stock Connect, the Hong Kong- Shenzhen Stock Connect the Mutual Recognition of Funds, and the Bond Connect scheme are all important steps towards opening up the Mainland's capital markets and have reinforced Hong Kong's role as China's leading offshore RMB market. Additional connect schemes such as ETF Connect (for exchange-traded fund products) are also under exploration by Hong Kong authorities. In 2017, Chief Executive Carrie LAM announced plans to increase government spending on research and development, education, and technological innovation with the aim of spurring continued economic growth through greater sector diversification." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$480.5 billion (2018) / $455.9 billion (2017 est.) / $439.2 billion (2016 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 42 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$341.4 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "-1.25% (2019 est.) / 2.86% (2018 est.) / 3.8% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 202 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.8% (2019 est.) / 2.4% (2018 est.) / 1.4% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 141 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AA- (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aa3 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA+ (2017)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$430.266 billion (2019 est.) / $435.71 billion (2018 est.) / $423.647 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$365.753 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$64,500 (2018) / $61,500 (2017 est.) / $59,500 (2016 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 16 + "text": "$38,293 (2019 est.) / $39,117 (2018 est.) / $38,374 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 43 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "26.6% of GDP (2017 est.) / 25.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 24.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 47 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "7.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "92.3% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "67% (2017 est.)" @@ -492,16 +517,8 @@ "text": "-187.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "7.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "92.3% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "85.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "fresh vegetables and fruit; poultry, pork; fish" @@ -540,7 +557,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "2.93% (2019 est.) / 2.83% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 36 + "country comparison to the world": 37 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "19.9% (2016 est.)" @@ -576,17 +593,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.5% (2017 est.) / 2.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 81 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$22.469 billion (2019 est.) / $13.516 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 15 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$530.6 billion (2018 est.) / $537.8 billion (2017 est.) / $460 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 8 + "text": "$568.877 billion (2019 est.) / $602.306 billion (2018 est.) / $581.072 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 13 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 55%, US 8.6% (2018 est.)" @@ -595,8 +608,8 @@ "text": "electrical machinery and appliances, textiles, apparel, watches and clocks, toys, \"jewelry, goldsmiths' and silversmiths' wares, and other articles of precious or semi-precious materials\"; Hong Kong plays an important role as entrepot to the Chinese mainland; in 2017, 58% of Hong Kong's re-exports originated in mainland China, and 54% were destined for the Chinese mainland" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$602.4 billion (2018 est.) / $561.8 billion (2017 est.) / $518.2 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 6 + "text": "$565.253 billion (2019 est.) / $606.177 billion (2018 est.) / $580.148 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 12 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "raw materials and semi-manufactures, consumer goods, capital goods, foodstuffs, fuel (most is reexported)" @@ -613,7 +626,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 18 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Hong Kong dollars (HKD) per US dollar - / 7.82 (2017 est.) / 7.76 (2016 est.) / 7.762 (2015 est.) / 7.752 (2014 est.) / 7.754 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Hong Kong dollars (HKD) per US dollar - / 7.75225 (2020 est.) / 7.8285 (2019 est.) / 7.8133 (2018 est.) / 7.752 (2014 est.) / 7.754 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -791,7 +804,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "2 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json index 3ebfa784..3cec2072 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json @@ -175,19 +175,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.79% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 129 + "country comparison to the world": 128 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "15.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 116 + "country comparison to the world": 115 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 140 + "country comparison to the world": 139 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 145 + "country comparison to the world": 144 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "major concentration on the island of Java, which is considered one of the most densely populated places on earth; of the outer islands (those surrounding Java and Bali), Sumatra contains some of the most significant clusters, particularly in the south near the Selat Sunda, and along the northeastern coast near Medan; the cities of Makasar (Sulawesi), Banjarmasin (Kalimantan) are also heavily populated" @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ "female": { "text": "16.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 74 + "country comparison to the world": 73 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.04 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 106 + "country comparison to the world": 105 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "55.5% (2018)" @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.6% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 120 + "country comparison to the world": 111 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Charge d'Affaires Heather VARIAVA (14 February 2020)" + "text": "Ambassador Sung Y. KIM (October 2020)" }, "telephone": { "text": "[62] (21) 3435-9000 (2020)" @@ -543,30 +543,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Indonesia, the largest economy in Southeast Asia, has seen a slowdown in growth since 2012, mostly due to the end of the commodities export boom. During the global financial crisis, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth. Indonesia's annual budget deficit is capped at 3% of GDP, and the Government of Indonesia lowered its debt-to-GDP ratio from a peak of 100% shortly after the Asian financial crisis in 1999 to 34% today. In May 2017 Standard & Poor's became the last major ratings agency to upgrade Indonesia's sovereign credit rating to investment grade. ++ Poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among its regions are still part of Indonesia's economic landscape. President Joko WIDODO - elected in July 2014 – seeks to develop Indonesia's maritime resources and pursue other infrastructure development, including significantly increasing its electrical power generation capacity. Fuel subsidies were significantly reduced in early 2015, a move which has helped the government redirect its spending to development priorities. Indonesia, with the nine other ASEAN members, will continue to move towards participation in the ASEAN Economic Community, though full implementation of economic integration has not yet materialized." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$3.25 trillion (2017 est.) / $3.093 trillion (2016 est.) / $2.945 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 7 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.015 trillion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "5.03% (2019 est.) / 5.17% (2018 est.) / 5.07% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 45 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.8% (2019 est.) / 3.2% (2018 est.) / 3.8% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 142 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB (2017)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Baa2 (2018)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$3,281,170,000,000 (2019 est.) / $3,124,188,000,000 (2018 est.) / $2,970,616,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1,119,720,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$12,400 (2017 est.) / $12,000 (2016 est.) / $11,500 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 127 + "text": "$4,455 (2019 est.) / $4,289 (2018 est.) / $4,124 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 160 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "31.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 32% of GDP (2016 est.) / 32% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 27 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "13.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "41% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "45.4% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "57.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -587,16 +612,8 @@ "text": "-19.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "13.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "41% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "45.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "69.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rubber and similar products, palm oil, poultry, beef, forest products, shrimp, cocoa, coffee, medicinal herbs, essential oil, fish and its similar products, and spices" @@ -625,7 +642,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5.31% (2018 est.) / 5.4% (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 84 + "country comparison to the world": 85 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "10.9% (2016 est.)" @@ -661,17 +678,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.8% (2017 est.) / 3.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 150 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$30.359 billion (2019 est.) / -$30.633 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$168.9 billion (2017 est.) / $144.4 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 29 + "text": "$249.628 billion (2019 est.) / $251.827 billion (2018 est.) / $236.354 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 30 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 13.6%, US 10.6%, Japan 10.5%, India 8.4%, Singapore 7.6%, Malaysia 5.1%, South Korea 4.8% (2017)" @@ -680,8 +693,8 @@ "text": "mineral fuels, animal or vegetable fats (includes palm oil), electrical machinery, rubber, machinery and mechanical appliance parts" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$150.1 billion (2017 est.) / $129.2 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 31 + "text": "$223.44 billion (2019 est.) / $242.046 billion (2018 est.) / $216.342 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 32 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "mineral fuels, boilers, machinery, and mechanical parts, electric machinery, iron and steel, foodstuffs" @@ -698,7 +711,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 30 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar - / 13,385 (2017 est.) / 13,308.3 (2016 est.) / 13,308.3 (2015 est.) / 13,389.4 (2014 est.) / 11,865.2 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar - / 14,110 (2020 est.) / 14,015 (2019 est.) / 14,470 (2018 est.) / 13,389.4 (2014 est.) / 11,865.2 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -738,7 +751,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "85% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 71 + "country comparison to the world": 70 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -1004,7 +1017,7 @@ }, "Terrorism": { "Terrorist group(s)": { - "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (aka Jemaah Anshorut Daulah); Jemaah Islamiyah (2019)", + "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (aka Jemaah Anshorut Daulah); Jemaah Islamiyah (2020)", "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T" } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json index 81f0dc93..d3edc2bd 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json @@ -174,11 +174,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.27% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "country comparison to the world": 215 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "7.3 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 226 + "country comparison to the world": 225 }, "Death rate": { "text": "10.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 86 + "country comparison to the world": 85 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "all primary and secondary regions of high population density lie on the coast; one-third of the population resides in and around Tokyo on the central plain (Kanto Plain)" @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ "female": { "text": "1.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 226 + "country comparison to the world": 225 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.43 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "39.8% (2015)", @@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ }, "Major infectious diseases": { "text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)", - "note": "note: clusters of cases of respiratory illness caused by a new coronavirus (COVID-19) in Japan; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 10 November 2020, Japan has reported 107,086 confirmed cases of COVID19 with 1,812 deaths; the US Department of State has issued a Travel Advisory recommending increased caution in Japan due to the recent outbreak of COVID-19; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recommended postponing nonessential international travel at this time and published additional guidance at https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/alert/ ; on 25 May 2020, Japan ended its state of emergency" + "note": "note: clusters of cases of respiratory illness caused by a new coronavirus (COVID-19) in Japan; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 8 December 2020, Japan has reported 160,098 confirmed cases of COVID19 with 2,315 deaths; the US Department of State has issued a Travel Advisory recommending increased caution in Japan due to the recent outbreak of COVID-19; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recommended postponing nonessential international travel at this time and published additional guidance at https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/alert/ ; on 25 May 2020, Japan ended its state of emergency" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "4.3% (2016)", @@ -312,8 +312,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 96 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.5% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 122 + "text": "3.2% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 127 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -512,30 +512,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Over the past 70 years, government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation (slightly less than 1% of GDP) have helped Japan develop an advanced economy. Two notable characteristics of the post-World War II economy were the close interlocking structures of manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors, known as keiretsu, and the guarantee of lifetime employment for a substantial portion of the urban labor force. Both features have significantly eroded under the dual pressures of global competition and domestic demographic change. ++ Measured on a purchasing power parity basis that adjusts for price differences, Japan in 2017 stood as the fourth-largest economy in the world after first-place China, which surpassed Japan in 2001, and third-place India, which edged out Japan in 2012. For three postwar decades, overall real economic growth was impressive - averaging 10% in the 1960s, 5% in the 1970s, and 4% in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, averaging just 1.7%, largely because of the aftereffects of inefficient investment and the collapse of an asset price bubble in the late 1980s, which resulted in several years of economic stagnation as firms sought to reduce excess debt, capital, and labor. Modest economic growth continued after 2000, but the economy has fallen into recession four times since 2008. ++ Japan enjoyed an uptick in growth since 2013, supported by Prime Minister Shinzo ABE's \"Three Arrows\" economic revitalization agenda - dubbed \"Abenomics\" - of monetary easing, \"flexible\" fiscal policy, and structural reform. Led by the Bank of Japan's aggressive monetary easing, Japan is making modest progress in ending deflation, but demographic decline – a low birthrate and an aging, shrinking population – poses a major long-term challenge for the economy. The government currently faces the quandary of balancing its efforts to stimulate growth and institute economic reforms with the need to address its sizable public debt, which stands at 235% of GDP. To help raise government revenue, Japan adopted legislation in 2012 to gradually raise the consumption tax rate. However, the first such increase, in April 2014, led to a sharp contraction, so Prime Minister ABE has twice postponed the next increase, which is now scheduled for October 2019. Structural reforms to unlock productivity are seen as central to strengthening the economy in the long-run. ++ Scarce in critical natural resources, Japan has long been dependent on imported energy and raw materials. After the complete shutdown of Japan's nuclear reactors following the earthquake and tsunami disaster in 2011, Japan's industrial sector has become even more dependent than before on imported fossil fuels. However, ABE's government is seeking to restart nuclear power plants that meet strict new safety standards and is emphasizing nuclear energy's importance as a base-load electricity source. In August 2015, Japan successfully restarted one nuclear reactor at the Sendai Nuclear Power Plant in Kagoshima prefecture, and several other reactors around the country have since resumed operations; however, opposition from local governments has delayed several more restarts that remain pending. Reforms of the electricity and gas sectors, including full liberalization of Japan's energy market in April 2016 and gas market in April 2017, constitute an important part of Prime Minister Abe's economic program. ++ Under the Abe Administration, Japan's government sought to open the country's economy to greater foreign competition and create new export opportunities for Japanese businesses, including by joining 11 trading partners in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Japan became the first country to ratify the TPP in December 2016, but the United States signaled its withdrawal from the agreement in January 2017. In November 2017 the remaining 11 countries agreed on the core elements of a modified agreement, which they renamed the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). Japan also reached agreement with the European Union on an Economic Partnership Agreement in July 2017, and is likely seek to ratify both agreements in the Diet this year." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$5.443 trillion (2017 est.) / $5.35 trillion (2016 est.) / $5.299 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 4 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.873 trillion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "0.7% (2019 est.) / 0.29% (2018 est.) / 2.19% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 183 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.4% (2019 est.) / 0.9% (2018 est.) / 0.4% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 39 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "A (2015)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A1 (2014)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "A+ (2015)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$4,883,791,000,000 (2019 est.) / $4,850,155,000,000 (2018 est.) / $4,836,098,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$5,078,679,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$42,900 (2017 est.) / $42,100 (2016 est.) / $41,700 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 42 + "text": "$48,979 (2019 est.) / $48,511 (2018 est.) / $48,256 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 32 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "28% of GDP (2017 est.) / 27.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 27.1% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 41 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "30.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "68.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "55.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -556,16 +581,8 @@ "text": "-16.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "30.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "68.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "86.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "vegetables, rice, fish, poultry, fruit, dairy products, pork, beef, flowers, potatoes/taros/yams, sugarcane, tea, legumes, wheat and barley" @@ -594,7 +611,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "2.36% (2019 est.) / 2.44% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 25 + "country comparison to the world": 26 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "16.1% (2013 est.)" @@ -630,16 +647,12 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.5% (2017 est.) / -0.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 27 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$185.644 billion (2019 est.) / $177.08 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 2 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$688.9 billion (2017 est.) / $634.9 billion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$1,084,146,000,000 (2019 est.) / $1,099,855,000,000 (2018 est.) / $1,059,991,000,000 (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 4 }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -649,7 +662,7 @@ "text": "14.9 motor vehicles5.4 iron and steel products5 semiconductors4.8 auto parts3.5 power generating machinery3.3 plastic materials (2014 est.)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$644.7 billion (2017 est.) / $584.7 billion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$1,032,112,000,000 (2019 est.) / $1,035,557,000,000 (2018 est.) / $998.014 billion (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 4 }, "Imports - commodities": { @@ -667,7 +680,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 7 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "yen (JPY) per US dollar - / 111.1 (2017 est.) / 108.76 (2016 est.) / 108.76 (2015 est.) / 121.02 (2014 est.) / 97.44 (2013 est.)" + "text": "yen (JPY) per US dollar - / 104.205 (2020 est.) / 108.605 (2019 est.) / 112.7 (2018 est.) / 121.02 (2014 est.) / 97.44 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -698,7 +711,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "71% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 105 + "country comparison to the world": 104 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "1% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json index 853bde4e..082bc4f6 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "130 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 100 + "country comparison to the world": 99 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than Virginia; slightly smaller than Mississippi" @@ -175,11 +175,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.51% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 154 + "country comparison to the world": 153 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "14.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 128 + "country comparison to the world": 127 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 87 + "country comparison to the world": 86 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population concentrated in the plains and lowlands; least populated regions are the mountainous provinces adjacent to the Chinese border; largest concentrations are in the western provinces, particularly the municipal district of Pyongyang, and around Hungnam and Wonsan in the east" @@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ "female": { "text": "17.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 76 + "country comparison to the world": 75 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.92 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 127 + "country comparison to the world": 126 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "70.2% (2017)" @@ -475,29 +475,42 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "North Korea, one of the world's most centrally directed and least open economies, faces chronic economic problems. Industrial capital stock is nearly beyond repair as a result of years of underinvestment, shortages of spare parts, and poor maintenance. Large-scale military spending and development of its ballistic missile and nuclear programs severely draws off resources needed for investment and civilian consumption. Industrial and power outputs have stagnated for years at a fraction of pre-1990 levels. Frequent weather-related crop failures aggravated chronic food shortages caused by on-going systemic problems, including a lack of arable land, collective farming practices, poor soil quality, insufficient fertilization, and persistent shortages of tractors and fuel. ++ ++ The mid 1990s through mid-2000s were marked by severe famine and widespread starvation. Significant food aid was provided by the international community through 2009. Since that time, food assistance has declined significantly. In the last few years, domestic corn and rice production has improved, although domestic production does not fully satisfy demand. A large portion of the population continues to suffer from prolonged malnutrition and poor living conditions. Since 2002, the government has allowed semi-private markets to begin selling a wider range of goods, allowing North Koreans to partially make up for diminished public distribution system rations. It also implemented changes in the management process of communal farms in an effort to boost agricultural output. ++ ++ In December 2009, North Korea carried out a redenomination of its currency, capping the amount of North Korean won that could be exchanged for the new notes, and limiting the exchange to a one-week window. A concurrent crackdown on markets and foreign currency use yielded severe shortages and inflation, forcing Pyongyang to ease the restrictions by February 2010. In response to the sinking of the South Korean warship Cheonan and the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island in 2010, South Korea's government cut off most aid, trade, and bilateral cooperation activities. In February 2016, South Korea ceased its remaining bilateral economic activity by closing the Kaesong Industrial Complex in response to North Korea's fourth nuclear test a month earlier. This nuclear test and another in September 2016 resulted in two United Nations Security Council Resolutions that targeted North Korea's foreign currency earnings, particularly coal and other mineral exports. Throughout 2017, North Korea's continued nuclear and missile tests led to a tightening of UN sanctions, resulting in full sectoral bans on DPRK exports and drastically limited key imports. Over the last decade, China has been North Korea's primary trading partner. ++ ++ The North Korean Government continues to stress its goal of improving the overall standard of living, but has taken few steps to make that goal a reality for its populace. In 2016, the regime used two mass mobilizations — one totaling 70 days and another 200 days — to spur the population to increase production and complete construction projects quickly. The regime released a five-year economic development strategy in May 2016 that outlined plans for promoting growth across sectors. Firm political control remains the government's overriding concern, which likely will inhibit formal changes to North Korea's current economic system." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "-1.1% (2015 est.) / 1% (2014 est.) / 1.1% (2013 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 201 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "note": "NA" + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$40 billion (2015 est.) / $40 billion (2014 est.) / $40 billion (2013 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars ++ North Korea does not publish reliable National Income Accounts data; the data shown are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP estimates that were made by Angus MADDISON in a study conducted for the OECD; his figure for 1999 was extrapolated to 2015 using estimated real growth rates for North Korea's GDP and an inflation factor based on the US GDP deflator; the results were rounded to the nearest $10 billion.", - "country comparison to the world": 118 + "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars ++ North Korea does not publish reliable National Income Accounts data; the data shown are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP estimates that were made by Angus MADDISON in a study conducted for the OECD; his figure for 1999 was extrapolated to 2015 using estimated real growth rates for North Korea's GDP and an inflation factor based on the US GDP deflator; the results were rounded to the nearest $10 billion." }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$28 billion (2013 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-1.1% (2015 est.) / 1% (2014 est.) / 1.1% (2013 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$1,700 (2015 est.) / $1,800 (2014 est.) / $1,800 (2013 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Gross national saving": { "note": "NA" }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "22.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "47.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "29.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "NA (2014 est.)" @@ -518,16 +531,7 @@ "text": "-11.1% (2016 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "22.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "47.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "29.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, corn, potatoes, wheat, soybeans, pulses, beef, pork, eggs, fruit, nuts" @@ -554,7 +558,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "25.6% (2013 est.) / 25.5% (2012 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -587,12 +591,9 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "note": "NA" - }, "Exports": { "text": "$222 million (2018) / $4.582 billion (2017 est.) / $2.908 billion (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 188 + "country comparison to the world": 189 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 86.3% (2017)" @@ -602,7 +603,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$2.32 billion (2018 est.) / $3.86 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 160 + "country comparison to the world": 166 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum, coking coal, machinery and equipment, textiles, grain" @@ -655,7 +656,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "45% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 161 + "country comparison to the world": 160 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json index 3ca8a675..6a70cc43 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "2,800 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 110 + "country comparison to the world": 109 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania; slightly larger than Indiana" @@ -180,19 +180,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.39% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 162 + "country comparison to the world": 161 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8.2 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 220 + "country comparison to the world": 219 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 135 + "country comparison to the world": 134 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 45 + "country comparison to the world": 44 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "with approximately 70% of the country considered mountainous, the country's population is primarily concentrated in the lowland areas, where density is quite high; Gyeonggi Province in the northwest, which surrounds the capital of Seoul and contains the port of Incheon, is the most densely populated province; Gangwon in the northeast is the least populated" @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ "female": { "text": "2.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "country comparison to the world": 215 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.29 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 223 + "country comparison to the world": 222 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "82.3% (2018)", @@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ }, "Major infectious diseases": { "text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)", - "note": "note: a novel coronavirus is causing an outbreak of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in South Korea; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; the US Department of State has issued a Travel Advisory recommending avoiding all international travel due to COVID-19; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recommended against all international travel and published additional guidance at https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/warning/ ; as of 10 November 2020, South Korea has reported 27,427 confirmed cases of COVID19 with 478 deaths" + "note": "note: a novel coronavirus is causing an outbreak of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in South Korea; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; the US Department of State has issued a Travel Advisory recommending avoiding all international travel due to COVID-19; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recommended against all international travel and published additional guidance at https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/warning/ ; as of 8 December 2020, South Korea has reported 37,546 confirmed cases of COVID19 with 545 deaths" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "4.7% (2016)", @@ -317,8 +317,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 128 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.3% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 48 + "text": "4.3% of GDP (2016)", + "country comparison to the world": 85 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -530,30 +530,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "After emerging from the 1950-53 war with North Korea, South Korea emerged as one of the 20th century's most remarkable economic success stories, becoming a developed, globally connected, high-technology society within decades. In the 1960s, GDP per capita was comparable with levels in the poorest countries in the world. In 2004, South Korea's GDP surpassed one trillion dollars. ++ Beginning in the 1960s under President PARK Chung-hee, the government promoted the import of raw materials and technology, encouraged saving and investment over consumption, kept wages low, and directed resources to export-oriented industries that remain important to the economy to this day. Growth surged under these policies, and frequently reached double-digits in the 1960s and 1970s. Growth gradually moderated in the 1990s as the economy matured, but remained strong enough to propel South Korea into the ranks of the advanced economies of the OECD by 1997. These policies also led to the emergence of family-owned chaebol conglomerates such as Daewoo, Hyundai, and Samsung, which retained their dominant positions even as the government loosened its grip on the economy amid the political changes of the 1980s and 1990s. ++ The Asian financial crisis of 1997-98 hit South Korea's companies hard because of their excessive reliance on short-term borrowing, and GDP ultimately plunged by 7% in 1998. South Korea tackled difficult economic reforms following the crisis, including restructuring some chaebols, increasing labor market flexibility, and opening up to more foreign investment and imports. These steps lead to a relatively rapid economic recovery. South Korea also began expanding its network of free trade agreements to help bolster exports, and has since implemented 16 free trade agreements covering 58 countries—including the United State and China—that collectively cover more than three-quarters of global GDP. ++ In 2017, the election of President MOON Jae-in brought a surge in consumer confidence, in part, because of his successful efforts to increase wages and government spending. These factors combined with an uptick in export growth to drive real GDP growth to more than 3%, despite disruptions in South Korea's trade with China over the deployment of a US missile defense system in South Korea. ++ In 2018 and beyond, South Korea will contend with gradually slowing economic growth - in the 2-3% range - not uncommon for advanced economies. This could be partially offset by efforts to address challenges arising from its rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, continued dominance of the chaebols, and heavy reliance on exports rather than domestic consumption. Socioeconomic problems also persist, and include rising inequality, poverty among the elderly, high youth unemployment, long working hours, low worker productivity, and corruption." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.035 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.974 trillion (2016 est.) / $1.918 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 14 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.54 trillion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.04% (2019 est.) / 2.91% (2018 est.) / 3.16% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 134 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.3% (2019 est.) / 1.4% (2018 est.) / 1.9% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 34 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AA- (2012)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aa2 (2015)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA (2016)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$2,198,811,000,000 (2019 est.) / $2,154,866,000,000 (2018 est.) / $2,093,985,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1,646,604,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$39,500 (2017 est.) / $38,500 (2016 est.) / $37,600 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 46 + "text": "$28,941 (2019 est.) / $28,392 (2018 est.) / $27,631 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 56 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "36.6% of GDP (2017 est.) / 36.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / 36.6% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 15 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "39.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "58.3% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "48.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -574,16 +599,8 @@ "text": "-37.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "39.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "58.3% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "93.4 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit, cattle, pigs, chickens, milk, eggs, fish" @@ -612,7 +629,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.76% (2019 est.) / 3.85% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 55 + "country comparison to the world": 56 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "14.4% (2016 est.)" @@ -648,17 +665,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.) / 1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 97 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$59.971 billion (2019 est.) / $77.467 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 9 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$577.4 billion (2017 est.) / $512 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 5 + "text": "$683.996 billion (2019 est.) / $672.442 billion (2018 est.) / $646.728 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 9 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 25.1%, US 12.2%, Vietnam 8.2%, Hong Kong 6.9%, Japan 4.7% (2017)" @@ -667,8 +680,8 @@ "text": "semiconductors, petrochemicals, automobile/auto parts, ships, wireless communication equipment, flat displays, steel, electronics, plastics, computers" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$457.5 billion (2017 est.) / $393.1 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 9 + "text": "$599.705 billion (2019 est.) / $603.535 billion (2018 est.) / $593.371 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 11 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "crude oil/petroleum products, semiconductors, natural gas, coal, steel, computers, wireless communication equipment, automobiles, fine chemicals, textiles" @@ -685,7 +698,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 29 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "South Korean won (KRW) per US dollar - / 1,130.48 (2017 est.) / 1,160.41 (2016 est.) / 1,160.77 (2015 est.) / 1,130.95 (2014 est.) / 1,052.96 (2013 est.)" + "text": "South Korean won (KRW) per US dollar - / 1,084.65 (2020 est.) / 1,189.9 (2019 est.) / 1,119.8 (2018 est.) / 1,130.95 (2014 est.) / 1,052.96 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -716,7 +729,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "70% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 109 + "country comparison to the world": 108 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "21% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json index b0f1ce2f..9a5d0585 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "6,000 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 85 + "country comparison to the world": 84 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about twice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly larger than Utah" @@ -169,19 +169,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.44% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 76 + "country comparison to the world": 75 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "22.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 64 + "country comparison to the world": 63 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 119 + "country comparison to the world": 118 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 144 + "country comparison to the world": 143 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most densely populated area is in and around the capital city of Vientiane; large communities are primarily found along the Mekong River along the southwestern border; overall density is considered one of the lowest in Southeast Asia" @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ "female": { "text": "40.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 29 + "country comparison to the world": 28 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.53 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 70 + "country comparison to the world": 69 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "54.1% (2017)" @@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.9% of GDP (2014)", - "country comparison to the world": 141 + "country comparison to the world": 136 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -522,30 +522,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The government of Laos, one of the few remaining one-party communist states, began decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise in 1986. Economic growth averaged more than 6% per year in the period 1988-2008, and Laos' growth has more recently been amongst the fastest in Asia, averaging more than 7% per year for most of the last decade. ++ Nevertheless, Laos remains a country with an underdeveloped infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. It has a basic, but improving, road system, and limited external and internal land-line telecommunications. Electricity is available to 83% of the population. Agriculture, dominated by rice cultivation in lowland areas, accounts for about 20% of GDP and 73% of total employment. Recently, the country has faced a persistent current account deficit, falling foreign currency reserves, and growing public debt. ++ Laos' economy is heavily dependent on capital-intensive natural resource exports. The economy has benefited from high-profile foreign direct investment in hydropower dams along the Mekong River, copper and gold mining, logging, and construction, although some projects in these industries have drawn criticism for their environmental impacts. ++ Laos gained Normal Trade Relations status with the US in 2004 and applied for Generalized System of Preferences trade benefits in 2013 after being admitted to the World Trade Organization earlier in the year. Laos held the chairmanship of ASEAN in 2016. Laos is in the process of implementing a value-added tax system. The government appears committed to raising the country's profile among foreign investors and has developed special economic zones replete with generous tax incentives, but a limited labor pool, a small domestic market, and corruption remain impediments to investment. Laos also has ongoing problems with the business environment, including onerous registration requirements, a gap between legislation and implementation, and unclear or conflicting regulations." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "6.9% (2017 est.) / 7% (2016 est.) / 7.3% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 19 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.8% (2017 est.) / 1.6% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 58 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "CCC (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Caa2 (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$49.34 billion (2017 est.) / $46.16 billion (2016 est.) / $43.13 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 111 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$16.97 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.9% (2017 est.) / 7% (2016 est.) / 7.3% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 20 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$7,400 (2017 est.) / $7,000 (2016 est.) / $6,600 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 155 + "country comparison to the world": 136 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "22.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 21.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / 15.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 79 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "20.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "33.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "45.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "63.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -566,16 +588,8 @@ "text": "-43.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "20.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "33.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "45.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "62.7 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "sweet potatoes, vegetables, corn, coffee, sugarcane, tobacco, cotton, tea, peanuts, rice; cassava (manioc, tapioca), water buffalo, pigs, cattle, poultry" @@ -640,17 +654,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.8% (2017 est.) / 1.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 42 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$2.057 billion (2017 est.) / -$2.07 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 167 }, "Exports": { "text": "$3.654 billion (2017 est.) / $2.705 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 120 + "country comparison to the world": 127 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Thailand 42.6%, China 28.7%, Vietnam 10.4%, India 4.4% (2017)" @@ -660,7 +670,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$4.976 billion (2017 est.) / $4.739 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 131 + "country comparison to the world": 140 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, consumer goods" @@ -714,7 +724,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "28% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 186 + "country comparison to the world": 185 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json index a74c4b20..6043296d 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 237 + "country comparison to the world": 236 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "less than one-sixth the size of Washington, DC" @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "614,458 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 170 + "country comparison to the world": 169 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -163,19 +163,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.64% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 147 + "country comparison to the world": 146 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "7.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 224 + "country comparison to the world": 223 }, "Death rate": { "text": "4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "3.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 35 + "country comparison to the world": 34 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population fairly equally distributed" @@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ "female": { "text": "2.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "0.96 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 227 + "country comparison to the world": 226 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -260,8 +260,8 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.7% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 152 + "text": "2.7% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 144 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -414,24 +414,46 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Since opening up its locally-controlled casino industry to foreign competition in 2001, Macau has attracted tens of billions of dollars in foreign investment, transforming the territory into one of the world's largest gaming centers. Macau's gaming and tourism businesses were fueled by China's decision to relax travel restrictions on Chinese citizens wishing to visit Macau. In 2016, Macau's gaming-related taxes accounted for more than 76% of total government revenue. ++ Macau's economy slowed dramatically in 2009 as a result of the global economic slowdown, but strong growth resumed in the 2010-13 period, largely on the back of tourism from mainland China and the gaming sectors. In 2015, this city of 646,800 hosted nearly 30.7 million visitors. Almost 67% came from mainland China. Macau's traditional manufacturing industry has slowed greatly since the termination of the Multi-Fiber Agreement in 2005. Services export — primarily gaming — increasingly has driven Macau's economic performance. Mainland China's anti-corruption campaign brought Macau's gambling boom to a halt in 2014, with spending in casinos contracting 34.3% in 2015. As a result, Macau's inflation-adjusted GDP contracted 21.5% in 2015 and another 2.1% in 2016 - down from double-digit expansion rates in the period 2010-13 - but the economy recovered handsomely in 2017. ++ Macau continues to face the challenges of managing its growing casino industry, risks from money-laundering activities, and the need to diversify the economy away from heavy dependence on gaming revenues. Macau's currency, the pataca, is closely tied to the Hong Kong dollar, which is also freely accepted in the territory." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$77.33 billion (2018) / $71.82 billion (2017 est.) / $65.84 billion (2016 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 97 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "9.1% (2017 est.) / -0.9% (2016 est.) / -21.6% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 5 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.7% (2019 est.) / 3% (2018 est.) / 1.2% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 136 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AA (2018)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aa3 (2016)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$77.33 billion (2017 est.) / $71.82 billion (2016 est.) / $65.84 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$50.36 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "9.1% (2017 est.) / -0.9% (2016 est.) / -21.6% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 6 + "text": "$53.841 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$122,000 (2018) / $110,000 (2017 est.) / $102,100 (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 3 + "country comparison to the world": 2 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0% (2016 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "6.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "93.7% (2017 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -453,16 +475,7 @@ "text": "-32% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0% (2016 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "6.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "93.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "only 2% of land area is cultivated, mainly by vegetable growers; fishing, mostly for crustaceans, is important; some of the catch is exported to Hong Kong" @@ -545,10 +558,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.2% (2017 est.) / 2.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 65 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$16.75 billion (2017 est.) / $12.22 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 17 @@ -556,7 +565,7 @@ "Exports": { "text": "$1.45 billion (2018)", "note": "note: includes reexports", - "country comparison to the world": 148 + "country comparison to the world": 150 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Hong Kong 62.1%, China 16.5%, US 1% (2018)" @@ -566,7 +575,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$11.1 billion (2018) / $9.7 billion (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 97 + "country comparison to the world": 104 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "raw materials and semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods (foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco, garments and footwear, motor vehicles), capital goods, mineral fuels and oils" @@ -762,7 +771,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "1 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 227 + "country comparison to the world": 226 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json index 9354a480..0a4e2169 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json @@ -169,19 +169,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.99% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 105 + "country comparison to the world": 104 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "16.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 102 + "country comparison to the world": 101 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 152 + "country comparison to the world": 151 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 136 + "country comparison to the world": 135 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "sparsely distributed population throughout the country; the capital of Ulaanbaatar and the northern city of Darhan support the highest population densities" @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "female": { "text": "16.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 81 + "country comparison to the world": 80 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.95 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 120 + "country comparison to the world": 119 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "48.1% (2018)" @@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.1% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 98 + "country comparison to the world": 94 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -519,30 +519,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Foreign direct investment in Mongolia's extractive industries – which are based on extensive deposits of copper, gold, coal, molybdenum, fluorspar, uranium, tin, and tungsten - has transformed Mongolia's landlocked economy from its traditional dependence on herding and agriculture. Exports now account for more than 40% of GDP. Mongolia depends on China for more than 60% of its external trade - China receives some 90% of Mongolia's exports and supplies Mongolia with more than one-third of its imports. Mongolia also relies on Russia for 90% of its energy supplies, leaving it vulnerable to price increases. Remittances from Mongolians working abroad, particularly in South Korea, are significant. ++ Soviet assistance, at its height one-third of GDP, disappeared almost overnight in 1990 and 1991 at the time of the dismantlement of the USSR. The following decade saw Mongolia endure both deep recession, because of political inaction, and natural disasters, as well as strong economic growth, because of market reforms and extensive privatization of the formerly state-run economy. The country opened a fledgling stock exchange in 1991. Mongolia joined the WTO in 1997 and seeks to expand its participation in regional economic and trade regimes. ++ Growth averaged nearly 9% per year in 2004-08 largely because of high copper prices globally and new gold production. By late 2008, Mongolia was hit by the global financial crisis and Mongolia's real economy contracted 1.3% in 2009. In early 2009, the IMF reached a $236 million Stand-by Arrangement with Mongolia and it emerged from the crisis with a stronger banking sector and better fiscal management. In October 2009, Mongolia passed long-awaited legislation on an investment agreement to develop the Oyu Tolgoi (OT) mine, among the world's largest untapped copper-gold deposits. However, a dispute with foreign investors developing OT called into question the attractiveness of Mongolia as a destination for foreign investment. This caused a severe drop in FDI, and a slowing economy, leading to the dismissal of Prime Minister Norovyn ALTANKHUYAG in November 2014. The economy had grown more than 10% per year between 2011 and 2013 - largely on the strength of commodity exports and high government spending - before slowing to 7.8% in 2014, and falling to the 2% level in 2015. Growth rebounded from a brief 1.6% contraction in the third quarter of 2016 to 5.8% during the first three quarters of 2017, largely due to rising commodity prices. ++ The May 2015 agreement with Rio Tinto to restart the OT mine and the subsequent $4.4 billion finance package signing in December 2015 stemmed the loss of investor confidence. The current government has made restoring investor trust and reviving the economy its top priority, but has failed to invigorate the economy in the face of the large drop-off in foreign direct investment, mounting external debt, and a sizeable budget deficit. Mongolia secured a $5.5 billion financial assistance package from the IMF and a host of international creditors in May 2017, which is expected to improve Mongolia's long-term fiscal and economic stability as long as Ulaanbaatar can advance the agreement's difficult contingent reforms, such as consolidating the government's off-balance sheet liabilities and rehabilitating the Mongolian banking sector." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$43.54 billion (2018) / $39.73 billion (2017 est.) / $37.81 billion (2016 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 114 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "5.1% (2017 est.) / 1.2% (2016 est.) / 2.4% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 44 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "4.6% (2017 est.) / 0.5% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 178 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B (2018)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B3 (2018)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B (2018)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$43.54 billion (2018 est.) / $39.73 billion (2017 est.) / $37.81 billion (2016 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$11.14 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.1% (2017 est.) / 1.2% (2016 est.) / 2.4% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 44 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$13,700 (2018) / $13,000 (2017 est.) / $12,500 (2016 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 118 + "country comparison to the world": 99 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "26.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 23.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 22.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 46 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "12.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "38.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "49.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "49.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -563,16 +588,8 @@ "text": "-57.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "12.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "38.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "49.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "86.7 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, barley, vegetables, forage crops; sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses" @@ -601,7 +618,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "8% (2017 est.) / 7.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 124 + "country comparison to the world": 125 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "29.6% (2016 est.)" @@ -637,17 +654,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.6% (2017 est.) / 0.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 169 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.155 billion (2017 est.) / -$700 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 149 }, "Exports": { "text": "$7.012 billion (2018) / $5.834 billion (2017 est.) / $4.916 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 100 + "country comparison to the world": 110 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 93.3%, UK 2.5% (2017)" @@ -657,7 +670,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$5.875 billion (2018) / $4.345 billion (2017 est.) / $3.466 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 121 + "country comparison to the world": 131 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, fuel, cars, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, cigarettes and tobacco, appliances, soap and detergent" @@ -711,7 +724,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "87% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 63 + "country comparison to the world": 62 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json index 892082ad..7a2cc03d 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json @@ -177,19 +177,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.29% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 83 + "country comparison to the world": 82 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "18.3 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 85 + "country comparison to the world": 84 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 191 + "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 119 + "country comparison to the world": 118 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "a highly uneven distribution with over 80% of the population residing on the Malay Peninsula" @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ "female": { "text": "9.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 116 + "country comparison to the world": 115 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.43 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 78 + "country comparison to the world": 77 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "52.2% (2014)" @@ -323,8 +323,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 42 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.7% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 80 + "text": "4.2% of GDP (2019)", + "country comparison to the world": 87 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "National Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN: ++ Malaysian Chinese Association (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [LIOW Tiong Lai] ++ Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongres India Malaysia) or MIC [S. SUBRAMANIAM] ++ United Malays National Organization or UMNO [MOHAMAD Hasan, acting] ++ (Formerly - Coalition of Hope (Pakatan Harapan) or PH (formerly the People's Alliance, before former PM MAHATHIR resigns 24 February 2020): ++ Democratic Action Party (Parti Tindakan Demokratik) or DAP [TAN Kok Wai] ++ Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia) or PPBM [Tan Sri MUHYIDDIN Yassin; note - former PM MAHATHIR steps down 24 Feb 2020] ++ National Trust Party (Parti Amanah Negara) or AMANAH [Mohamad SABU] ++ People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [ANWAR Ibrahim] ++ New - Fighters of the Nation Party (Parti Pejuang Tanah Air) or Pejuang [former PM MAHATHIR bin Mohamad; interim president Datuk Seri Mukhriz Mahathir note - started August 2020] ++ ++ Other: ++ Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang] ++ Progressive Democratic Party or PDP [TIONG King Sing] ++ Sabah Heritage Party (Parti Warisan Sabah) or WARISAN [SHAFIE Apdal] ++ Sarawak Parties Alliance (Gabungan Parti Sarawak) or GPS [ABANG JOHARI Openg] (includes PBB, SUPP, PRS, PDP) ++ Sarawak People's Party (Parti Rakyat Sarawak) or PRS [James MASING] ++ Sarawak United People's Party (Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP [Dr. SIM Kui Hian] ++ United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organization (Pertubuhan Pasko Momogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) or UPKO [Wilfred Madius TANGAU] ++ United Sabah Alliance or USA (Gabungan Sabah) ++ United Sabah Party (Parti Bersatu Sabah) or PBS [Maximus ONGKILI] ++ United Sabah People's (Party Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah) or PBRS [Joseph KURUP] ++ United Traditional Bumiputera Party (Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersata) or PBB; note - PBB is listed under GPS above" + "text": "National Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN: ++ Malaysian Chinese Association (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [LIOW Tiong Lai] ++ Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongres India Malaysia) or MIC [S. SUBRAMANIAM] ++ United Malays National Organization or UMNO [Zahid HAMID] ++ (Formerly - Coalition of Hope (Pakatan Harapan) or PH (formerly the People's Alliance, before former PM MAHATHIR resigns 24 February 2020): ++ Democratic Action Party (Parti Tindakan Demokratik) or DAP [TAN Kok Wai] ++ Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia) or PPBM [Tan Sri MUHYIDDIN Yassin; note - former PM MAHATHIR steps down 24 Feb 2020] ++ National Trust Party (Parti Amanah Negara) or AMANAH [Mohamad SABU] ++ People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [ANWAR Ibrahim] ++ Coalition Perikatan Nasional or PN, after Pakatan Harapan or PH coalition fell apart 24 February 2020 ++ Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia) or PPBM [Tan Sri MUHYIDDIN Yassin; note - former PM MAHATHIR steps down 24 Feb 2020] ++ United Malays National Organization or UMNO [Zahid HAMID] ++ People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [ANWAR Ibrahim] ++ Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang] ++ Democratic Action Party (Parti Tindakan Demokratik) or DAP [TAN Kok Wai] ++ National Trust Party (Parti Amanah Negara) or AMANAH [Mohamad SABU] ++ New - Fighters of the Nation Party (Parti Pejuang Tanah Air) or Pejuang [former PM MAHATHIR bin Mohamad; interim president Datuk Seri Mukhriz Mahathir note - started August 2020] ++ ++ Other: ++ Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang] ++ Progressive Democratic Party or PDP [TIONG King Sing] ++ Sabah Heritage Party (Parti Warisan Sabah) or WARISAN [SHAFIE Apdal] ++ Sarawak Parties Alliance (Gabungan Parti Sarawak) or GPS [ABANG JOHARI Openg] (includes PBB, SUPP, PRS, PDP) ++ Sarawak People's Party (Parti Rakyat Sarawak) or PRS [James MASING] ++ Sarawak United People's Party (Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP [Dr. SIM Kui Hian] ++ United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organization (Pertubuhan Pasko Momogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) or UPKO [Wilfred Madius TANGAU] ++ United Sabah Alliance or USA (Gabungan Sabah) ++ United Sabah Party (Parti Bersatu Sabah) or PBS [Maximus ONGKILI] ++ United Sabah People's (Party Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah) or PBRS [Joseph KURUP] ++ United Traditional Bumiputera Party (Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersata) or PBB; note - PBB is listed under GPS above" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, EAS, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -536,30 +536,56 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Malaysia, an upper middle-income country, has transformed itself since the 1970s from a producer of raw materials into a multi-sector economy. Under current Prime Minister NAJIB, Malaysia is attempting to achieve high-income status by 2020 and to move further up the value-added production chain by attracting investments in high technology, knowledge-based industries and services. NAJIB's Economic Transformation Program is a series of projects and policy measures intended to accelerate the country's economic growth. The government has also taken steps to liberalize some services sub-sectors. Malaysia is vulnerable to a fall in world commodity prices or a general slowdown in global economic activity. ++ The NAJIB administration is continuing efforts to boost domestic demand and reduce the economy's dependence on exports. Domestic demand continues to anchor economic growth, supported mainly by private consumption, which accounts for 53% of GDP. Nevertheless, exports - particularly of electronics, oil and gas, and palm oil - remain a significant driver of the economy. In 2015, gross exports of goods and services were equivalent to 73% of GDP. The oil and gas sector supplied about 22% of government revenue in 2015, down significantly from prior years amid a decline in commodity prices and diversification of government revenues. Malaysia has embarked on a fiscal reform program aimed at achieving a balanced budget by 2020, including rationalization of subsidies and the 2015 introduction of a 6% value added tax. Sustained low commodity prices throughout the period not only strained government finances, but also shrunk Malaysia's current account surplus and weighed heavily on the Malaysian ringgit, which was among the region's worst performing currencies during 2013-17. The ringgit hit new lows following the US presidential election amid a broader selloff of emerging market assets. ++ Bank Negara Malaysia (the central bank) maintains adequate foreign exchange reserves; a well-developed regulatory regime has limited Malaysia's exposure to riskier financial instruments, although it remains vulnerable to volatile global capital flows. In order to increase Malaysia's competitiveness, Prime Minister NAJIB raised possible revisions to the special economic and social preferences accorded to ethnic Malays under the New Economic Policy of 1970, but retreated in 2013 after he encountered significant opposition from Malay nationalists and other vested interests. In September 2013 NAJIB launched the new Bumiputra Economic Empowerment Program, policies that favor and advance the economic condition of ethnic Malays. ++ Malaysia signed the 12-nation Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) free trade agreement in February 2016, although the future of the TPP remains unclear following the US withdrawal from the agreement. Along with nine other ASEAN members, Malaysia established the ASEAN Economic Community in 2015, which aims to advance regional economic integration." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$933.3 billion (2017 est.) / $881.3 billion (2016 est.) / $845.6 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 26 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$312.4 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4.31% (2019 est.) / 4.77% (2018 est.) / 5.81% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 65 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.6% (2019 est.) / 0.9% (2018 est.) / 3.8% (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: approximately 30% of goods are price-controlled", + "country comparison to the world": 48 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB+ (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A3 (2004)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "A- (2003)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$1,001,092,000,000 (2019 est.) / $959.495 billion (2018 est.) / $916.093 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$364.631 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$29,100 (2017 est.) / $27,900 (2016 est.) / $27,100 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 71 + "text": "$12,482 (2019 est.) / $12,127 (2018 est.) / $11,732 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 102 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "28.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 28.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / 28.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 38 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "8.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "37.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "53.6% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "55.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -580,16 +606,8 @@ "text": "-64.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "8.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "37.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "53.6% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "83.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "Peninsular Malaysia - palm oil, rubber, cocoa, rice;Sabah - palm oil, subsistence crops; rubber, timber;Sarawak - palm oil, rubber, timber; pepper" @@ -618,7 +636,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.3% (2019 est.) / 3.33% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 45 + "country comparison to the world": 46 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "3.8% (2009 est.)" @@ -655,18 +673,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.8% (2017 est.) / 2.1% (2016 est.)", - "note": "note: approximately 30% of goods are price-controlled", - "country comparison to the world": 151 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$12.295 billion (2019 est.) / $8.027 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 23 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$187.9 billion (2017 est.) / $165.3 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 28 + "text": "$265.499 billion (2019 est.) / $268.915 billion (2018 est.) / $263.815 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 29 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Singapore 15.1%, China 12.6%, US 9.4%, Japan 8.2%, Thailand 5.7%, Hong Kong 4.5% (2017)" @@ -675,8 +688,8 @@ "text": "semiconductors and electronic equipment, palm oil, petroleum and liquefied natural gas, wood and wood products, palm oil, rubber, textiles, chemicals, solar panels" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$160.7 billion (2017 est.) / $141 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 27 + "text": "$233.719 billion (2019 est.) / $239.643 billion (2018 est.) / $236.129 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 30 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "electronics, machinery, petroleum products, plastics, vehicles, iron and steel products, chemicals" @@ -693,7 +706,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 33 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "ringgits (MYR) per US dollar - / 4.343 (2017 est.) / 4.15 (2016 est.) / 4.15 (2015 est.) / 3.91 (2014 est.) / 3.27 (2013 est.)" + "text": "ringgits (MYR) per US dollar - / 4.064 (2020 est.) / 4.161 (2019 est.) / 4.166 (2018 est.) / 3.91 (2014 est.) / 3.27 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -724,7 +737,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "78% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 90 + "country comparison to the world": 89 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json index bc27b573..f1045741 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pf.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 244 + "country comparison to the world": 243 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "land area is about 13 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC" @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ "Population": { "text": "1,440 (2014 est.)", "note": "note: Chinese activity has increased in recent years, particularly on Woody Island, where the population exceeds 1,000; there are scattered Chinese garrisons on some other islands", - "country comparison to the world": 235 + "country comparison to the world": 234 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "a population of over 1,000 Chinese resides on Woody Island, the largest of the Paracels; there are scattered Chinese garrisons on some other islands" @@ -109,14 +109,16 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The islands have the potential for oil and gas development. Waters around the islands support commercial fishing, but the islands themselves are not populated on a permanent basis." + }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { } }, "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "1 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 233 + "country comparison to the world": 232 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json index 590a05d2..d2a5d498 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pg.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km (158,000 sq mi) of the central South China Sea", - "country comparison to the world": 251 + "country comparison to the world": 250 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "land area is about seven times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC" @@ -100,8 +100,10 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins indicate potential oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored. No reliable estimates of potential reserves are available. Commercial exploitation has yet to be developed." + }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { } }, "Transportation": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json index e4648147..327009e6 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json @@ -179,19 +179,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.6% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 63 + "country comparison to the world": 62 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "22.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 63 + "country comparison to the world": 62 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 137 + "country comparison to the world": 136 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 93 + "country comparison to the world": 92 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population concentrated in the highlands and eastern coastal areas on the island of New Guinea; predominantly a rural distribution with only about one-fifth of the population residing in urban areas" @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ "female": { "text": "29.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 46 + "country comparison to the world": 45 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.84 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 60 + "country comparison to the world": 59 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "36.7% (2016/18)" @@ -318,7 +318,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 8 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "NA" + "text": "1.9% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 164 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -520,30 +521,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Papua New Guinea (PNG) is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by rugged terrain, land tenure issues, and the high cost of developing infrastructure. The economy has a small formal sector, focused mainly on the export of those natural resources, and an informal sector, employing the majority of the population. Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for 85% of the people. The global financial crisis had little impact because of continued foreign demand for PNG's commodities. ++ Mineral deposits, including copper, gold, and oil, account for nearly two-thirds of export earnings. Natural gas reserves amount to an estimated 155 billion cubic meters. Following construction of a $19 billion liquefied natural gas (LNG) project, PNG LNG, a consortium led by ExxonMobil, began exporting liquefied natural gas to Asian markets in May 2014. The project was delivered on time and only slightly above budget. The success of the project has encouraged other companies to look at similar LNG projects. French supermajor Total is hopes to begin construction on the Papua LNG project by 2020. Due to lower global commodity prices, resource revenues of all types have fallen dramatically. PNG's government has recently been forced to adjust spending levels downward. ++ Numerous challenges still face the government of Peter O'NEILL, including providing physical security for foreign investors, regaining investor confidence, restoring integrity to state institutions, promoting economic efficiency by privatizing moribund state institutions, and maintaining good relations with Australia, its former colonial ruler. Other socio-cultural challenges could upend the economy including chronic law and order and land tenure issues. In August, 2017, PNG launched its first-ever national trade policy, PNG Trade Policy 2017-2032. The policy goal is to maximize trade and investment by increasing exports, to reduce imports, and to increase foreign direct investment (FDI)." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "2.5% (2017 est.) / 1.6% (2016 est.) / 5.3% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 113 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "5.4% (2017 est.) / 6.7% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 187 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B2 (2016)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B- (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$30.19 billion (2017 est.) / $29.44 billion (2016 est.) / $28.98 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 132 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$19.82 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.5% (2017 est.) / 1.6% (2016 est.) / 5.3% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 113 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$3,700 (2017 est.) / $3,600 (2016 est.) / $3,700 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 184 + "country comparison to the world": 170 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "36.8% of GDP (2017 est.) / 38% of GDP (2016 est.) / 33.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 14 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "22.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "42.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "35% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "43.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -564,16 +587,8 @@ "text": "-22.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "22.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "42.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "35% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "80.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coffee, cocoa, copra, palm kernels, tea, sugar, rubber, sweet potatoes, fruit, vegetables, vanilla; poultry, pork; shellfish" @@ -602,7 +617,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "2.5% (2017 est.) / 2.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 28 + "country comparison to the world": 29 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "37% (2002 est.)" @@ -638,17 +653,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5.4% (2017 est.) / 6.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 177 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$4.859 billion (2017 est.) / $4.569 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 30 }, "Exports": { "text": "$8.522 billion (2017 est.) / $9.224 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 95 + "country comparison to the world": 105 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Australia 18.9%, Singapore 17.5%, Japan 13.8%, China 12.7%, Philippines 4.7%, Netherlands 4.2%, India 4.2% (2017)" @@ -658,7 +669,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$1.876 billion (2017 est.) / $2.077 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 170 + "country comparison to the world": 173 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, fuels, chemicals" @@ -675,19 +686,19 @@ "country comparison to the world": 95 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "kina (PGK) per US dollar - / 3.179 (2017 est.) / 3.133 (2016 est.) / 3.133 (2015 est.) / 2.7684 (2014 est.) / 2.4614 (2013 est.)" + "text": "kina (PGK) per US dollar - / 3.5131 (2020 est.) / 3.4042 (2019 est.) / 3.36915 (2018 est.) / 2.7684 (2014 est.) / 2.4614 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "22.9% (2016)" + "text": "58.9% (2018)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "72.7% (2016)" + "text": "82% (2018)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "15.5% (2016)" + "text": "55.4% (2018)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -712,7 +723,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "63% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 123 + "country comparison to the world": 122 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json index d3c96b2f..933f1cfd 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json @@ -171,19 +171,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.52% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 68 + "country comparison to the world": 67 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "22.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 60 + "country comparison to the world": 59 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 166 + "country comparison to the world": 165 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 164 + "country comparison to the world": 163 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population concentrated where good farmlands lie; highest concentrations are northwest and south-central Luzon, the southeastern extension of Luzon, and the islands of the Visayan Sea, particularly Cebu and Negros; Manila is home to one-eighth of the entire national population" @@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ "female": { "text": "17 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 77 + "country comparison to the world": 76 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.92 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 54 + "country comparison to the world": 53 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "54.1% (2017)" @@ -322,8 +322,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 26 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.7% of GDP (2009)", - "country comparison to the world": 153 + "text": "NA" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -536,30 +535,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy has been relatively resilient to global economic shocks due to less exposure to troubled international securities, lower dependence on exports, relatively resilient domestic consumption, large remittances from about 10 million overseas Filipino workers and migrants, and a rapidly expanding services industry. During 2017, the current account balance fell into the negative range, the first time since the 2008 global financial crisis, in part due to an ambitious new infrastructure spending program announced this year. However, international reserves remain at comfortable levels and the banking system is stable. ++ Efforts to improve tax administration and expenditures management have helped ease the Philippines' debt burden and tight fiscal situation. The Philippines received investment-grade credit ratings on its sovereign debt under the former AQUINO administration and has had little difficulty financing its budget deficits. However, weak absorptive capacity and implementation bottlenecks have prevented the government from maximizing its expenditure plans. Although it has improved, the low tax-to-GDP ratio remains a constraint to supporting increasingly higher spending levels and sustaining high and inclusive growth over the longer term. ++ Economic growth has accelerated, averaging over 6% per year from 2011 to 2017, compared with 4.5% under the MACAPAGAL-ARROYO government; and competitiveness rankings have improved. Although 2017 saw a new record year for net foreign direct investment inflows, FDI to the Philippines has continued to lag regional peers, in part because the Philippine constitution and other laws limit foreign investment and restrict foreign ownership in important activities/sectors - such as land ownership and public utilities. ++ Although the economy grew at a rapid pace under the AQUINO government, challenges to achieving more inclusive growth remain. Wealth is concentrated in the hands of the rich. The unemployment rate declined from 7.3% to 5.7% between 2010 and 2017; while there has been some improvement, underemployment remains high at around 17% to 18% of the employed population. At least 40% of the employed work in the informal sector. Poverty afflicts more than a fifth of the total population but is as high as 75% in some areas of the southern Philippines. More than 60% of the poor reside in rural areas, where the incidence of poverty (about 30%) is more severe - a challenge to raising rural farm and non-farm incomes. Continued efforts are needed to improve governance, the judicial system, the regulatory environment, the infrastructure, and the overall ease of doing business. ++ 2016 saw the election of President Rodrigo DUTERTE, who has pledged to make inclusive growth and poverty reduction his top priority. DUTERTE believes that illegal drug use, crime and corruption are key barriers to economic development. The administration wants to reduce the poverty rate to 17% and graduate the economy to upper-middle income status by the end of President DUTERTE's term in 2022. Key themes under the government's Ten-Point Socioeconomic Agenda include continuity of macroeconomic policy, tax reform, higher investments in infrastructure and human capital development, and improving competitiveness and the overall ease of doing business. The administration sees infrastructure shortcomings as a key barrier to sustained economic growth and has pledged to spend $165 billion on infrastructure by 2022. Although the final outcome has yet to be seen, the current administration is shepherding legislation for a comprehensive tax reform program to raise revenues for its ambitious infrastructure spending plan and to promote a more equitable and efficient tax system. However, the need to finance rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts in the southern region of Mindanao following the 2017 Marawi City siege may compete with other spending on infrastructure." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$877.2 billion (2017 est.) / $822.2 billion (2016 est.) / $769.3 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "6.04% (2019 est.) / 6.34% (2018 est.) / 6.94% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 29 }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$313.6 billion (2017 est.)" + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.4% (2019 est.) / 5.2% (2018 est.) / 2.8% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 126 }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.04% (2019 est.) / 6.34% (2018 est.) / 6.94% (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 30 + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB (2017)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Baa2 (2014)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB+ (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$915,588,458,500 (2019 est.) / $863,432,187,500 (2018 est.) / $811,942,942,900 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$377.205 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$8,400 (2017 est.) / $8,000 (2016 est.) / $7,600 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 148 + "text": "$3,340 (2019 est.) / $3,193 (2018 est.) / $3,045 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 175 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "24.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 24% of GDP (2016 est.) / 23.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 67 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "9.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "30.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "59.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "73.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -580,16 +604,8 @@ "text": "-40.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "9.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "30.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "59.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "71.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, fish, livestock, poultry, bananas, coconut/copra, corn, sugarcane, mangoes, pineapple, cassava" @@ -618,7 +634,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5.11% (2019 est.) / 5.29% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 81 + "country comparison to the world": 82 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "21.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -654,17 +670,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.9% (2017 est.) / 1.3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 131 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$3.386 billion (2019 est.) / -$8.877 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 176 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$48.2 billion (2017 est.) / $57.41 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 52 + "text": "$131.193 billion (2019 est.) / $128.138 billion (2018 est.) / $114.597 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 39 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Japan 16.4%, US 14.6%, Hong Kong 13.7%, China 11%, Singapore 6.1%, Thailand 4.3%, Germany 4.1%, South Korea 4% (2017)" @@ -673,8 +685,8 @@ "text": "semiconductors and electronic products, machinery and transport equipment, wood manufactures, chemicals, processed food and beverages, garments, coconut oil, copper concentrates, seafood, bananas/fruits" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$89.39 billion (2017 est.) / $78.28 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 39 + "text": "$158.307 billion (2019 est.) / $155.441 billion (2018 est.) / $135.585 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 37 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "electronic products, mineral fuels, machinery and transport equipment, iron and steel, textile fabrics, grains, chemicals, plastic" @@ -691,7 +703,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 57 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Philippine pesos (PHP) per US dollar - / 50.4 (2017 est.) / 47.493 (2016 est.) / 47.493 (2015 est.) / 45.503 (2014 est.) / 44.395 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Philippine pesos (PHP) per US dollar - / 48.055 (2020 est.) / 50.81 (2019 est.) / 52.71 (2018 est.) / 45.503 (2014 est.) / 44.395 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -731,7 +743,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "67% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 116 + "country comparison to the world": 115 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json index 5de50df2..18931c06 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "10 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 191 + "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -167,15 +167,15 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.73% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 59 + "country comparison to the world": 58 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Death rate": { "text": "3.6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "country comparison to the world": 217 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "11.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ "female": { "text": "2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 224 + "country comparison to the world": 223 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "0.87 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 228 + "country comparison to the world": 227 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.9% of GDP (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 144 + "country comparison to the world": 138 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Ashok KUMAR Mirpuri since 30 July 2012)" + "text": "Ambassador Ashok KUMAR Mirpuri (since 30 July 2012)" }, "chancery": { "text": "3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008" @@ -508,30 +508,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Singapore has a highly developed and successful free-market economy. It enjoys an open and corruption-free environment, stable prices, and a per capita GDP higher than that of most developed countries. Unemployment is very low. The economy depends heavily on exports, particularly of electronics, petroleum products, chemicals, medical and optical devices, pharmaceuticals, and on Singapore's vibrant transportation, business, and financial services sectors. ++ The economy contracted 0.6% in 2009 as a result of the global financial crisis, but has continued to grow since 2010. Growth from 2012-2017 was slower than during the previous decade, a result of slowing structural growth - as Singapore reached high-income levels - and soft global demand for exports. Growth recovered to 3.6% in 2017 with a strengthening global economy. ++ The government is attempting to restructure Singapore's economy to reduce its dependence on foreign labor, raise productivity growth, and increase wages amid slowing labor force growth and an aging population. Singapore has attracted major investments in advanced manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and medical technology production and will continue efforts to strengthen its position as Southeast Asia's leading financial and technology hub. Singapore is a signatory of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and a party to the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) negotiations with nine other ASEAN members plus Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea, and New Zealand. In 2015, Singapore formed, with the other ASEAN members, the ASEAN Economic Community." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$528.1 billion (2017 est.) / $509.7 billion (2016 est.) / $497.8 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 38 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$323.9 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "0.73% (2019 est.) / 3.48% (2018 est.) / 4.34% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 180 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.5% (2019 est.) / 0.4% (2018 est.) / 0.5% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 43 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AAA (2003)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aaa (2002)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AAA (1995)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$555.648 billion (2019 est.) / $551.621 billion (2018 est.) / $533.189 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$372.088 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$94,100 (2017 est.) / $90,900 (2016 est.) / $89,900 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 7 + "text": "$57,853 (2019 est.) / $57,901 (2018 est.) / $56,451 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 20 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "46.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 46% of GDP (2016 est.) / 45.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 5 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "24.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "75.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "35.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -552,16 +577,8 @@ "text": "-149.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "24.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "75.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "89.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "vegetables; poultry, eggs; fish, ornamental fish, orchids" @@ -592,7 +609,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "2.25% (2019 est.) / 2.1% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 22 + "country comparison to the world": 23 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -630,17 +647,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.6% (2017 est.) / -0.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 33 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$63.109 billion (2019 est.) / $64.042 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 8 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$396.8 billion (2017 est.) / $338 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 13 + "text": "$626.68 billion (2019 est.) / $636.565 billion (2018 est.) / $588.576 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 10 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 14.7%, Hong Kong 12.6%, Malaysia 10.8%, US 6.6%, Indonesia 5.8%, Japan 4.7%, South Korea 4.6%, Thailand 4% (2017)" @@ -649,8 +662,8 @@ "text": "machinery and equipment (including electronics and telecommunications), pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, refined petroleum products, foodstuffs and beverages" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$312.1 billion (2017 est.) / $277.6 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 16 + "text": "$533.478 billion (2019 est.) / $542.802 billion (2018 est.) / $505.736 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 14 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs, consumer goods" @@ -667,7 +680,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 20 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Singapore dollars (SGD) per US dollar - / 1.3 (2017 est.) / 1.35 (2016 est.) / 1.3815 (2015 est.) / 1.3748 (2014 est.) / 1.2671 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Singapore dollars (SGD) per US dollar - / 1.33685 (2020 est.) / 1.35945 (2019 est.) / 1.3699 (2018 est.) / 1.3748 (2014 est.) / 1.2671 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -698,7 +711,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "98% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 29 + "country comparison to the world": 28 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json index 5af86313..d33cbb94 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json @@ -178,11 +178,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.25% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 177 + "country comparison to the world": 176 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "10.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 185 + "country comparison to the world": 184 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 96 + "country comparison to the world": 95 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "highest population density is found in and around Bangkok; significant population clusters found througout large parts of the country, particularly north and northeast of Bangkok and in the extreme southern region of the country" @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ "female": { "text": "7.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 146 + "country comparison to the world": 145 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.54 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "78.4% (2015/16)" @@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.1% of GDP (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 100 + "country comparison to the world": 95 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -540,30 +540,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "With a relatively well-developed infrastructure, a free-enterprise economy, and generally pro-investment policies, Thailand is highly dependent on international trade, with exports accounting for about two thirds of GDP. Thailand's exports include electronics, agricultural commodities, automobiles and parts, and processed foods. The industry and service sectors produce about 90% of GDP. The agricultural sector, comprised mostly of small-scale farms, contributes only 10% of GDP but employs about one third of the labor force. Thailand has attracted an estimated 3.0-4.5 million migrant workers, mostly from neighboring countries. ++ Over the last few decades, Thailand has reduced poverty substantially. In 2013, the Thai Government implemented a nationwide 300 baht (roughly $10) per day minimum wage policy and deployed new tax reforms designed to lower rates on middle-income earners. ++ Thailand's economy is recovering from slow growth during the years since the 2014 coup. Thailand's economic fundamentals are sound, with low inflation, low unemployment, and reasonable public and external debt levels. Tourism and government spending - mostly on infrastructure and short-term stimulus measures – have helped to boost the economy, and The Bank of Thailand has been supportive, with several interest rate reductions. ++ Over the longer-term, household debt levels, political uncertainty, and an aging population pose risks to growth." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.236 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.19 trillion (2016 est.) / $1.152 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 20 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$455.4 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.62% (2019 est.) / 4.31% (2018 est.) / 4.26% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 109 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.7% (2019 est.) / 1% (2018 est.) / 0.6% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 56 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB+ (2013)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Baa1 (2003)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB+ (2004)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$1,199,819,000,000 (2019 est.) / $1,169,267,000,000 (2018 est.) / $1,121,049,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$543.798 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$17,900 (2017 est.) / $17,200 (2016 est.) / $16,700 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 99 + "text": "$6,623 (2019 est.) / $6,472 (2018 est.) / $6,225 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 143 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "34.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / 32.8% of GDP (2016 est.) / 30.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 19 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "8.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "36.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "55.6% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "48.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -584,16 +609,8 @@ "text": "-54.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "8.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "36.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "55.6% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "84.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, cassava (manioc, tapioca), rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, palm oil, pineapple, livestock, fish products" @@ -659,17 +676,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.) / 0.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 38 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$37.033 billion (2019 est.) / $28.423 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 11 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$235.1 billion (2017 est.) / $214.3 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 21 + "text": "$291.169 billion (2019 est.) / $298.968 billion (2018 est.) / $289.239 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 27 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 12.4%, US 11.2%, Japan 9.5%, Hong Kong 5.2%, Vietnam 4.9%, Australia 4.5%, Malaysia 4.4% (2017)" @@ -678,8 +691,8 @@ "text": "automobiles and parts, computer and parts, jewelry and precious stones, polymers of ethylene in primary forms, refine fuels, electronic integrated circuits, chemical products, rice, fish products, rubber products, sugar, cassava, poultry, machinery and parts, iron and steel and their products" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$203.2 billion (2017 est.) / $177.7 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 25 + "text": "$257.873 billion (2019 est.) / $269.455 billion (2018 est.) / $248.698 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 28 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and parts, crude oil, electrical machinery and parts, chemicals, iron & steel and product, electronic integrated circuit, automobile's parts, jewelry including silver bars and gold, computers and parts, electrical household appliances, soybean, soybean meal, wheat, cotton, dairy products" @@ -696,7 +709,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 44 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "baht per US dollar - / 34.34 (2017 est.) / 35.296 (2016 est.) / 35.296 (2015 est.) / 34.248 (2014 est.) / 32.48 (2013 est.)" + "text": "baht per US dollar - / 30.03 (2020 est.) / 30.29749 (2019 est.) / 32.8075 (2018 est.) / 34.248 (2014 est.) / 32.48 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -727,7 +740,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "76% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 94 + "country comparison to the world": 93 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json index 94b8570f..33268ae6 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 160 + "country comparison to the world": 159 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than Connecticut; almost half the size of Maryland" @@ -170,11 +170,11 @@ "female": { "text": "20.2 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.27% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 32 + "country comparison to the world": 31 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "32 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -182,11 +182,11 @@ }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 178 + "country comparison to the world": 177 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-3.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 189 + "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population concentrated in the western third of the country, particularly around Dili" @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "female": { "text": "28.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 51 + "country comparison to the world": 50 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -317,8 +317,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 3 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 116 + "text": "6.8% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 17 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Kathleen FITZPATRICK (since 19 January 2018)" + "text": "Charge' d'Affaires Elias PARRA (November 2020)" }, "telephone": { "text": "(670) 332-4684, EMER: +(670) 7723-1328" @@ -532,26 +532,40 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Since independence in 1999, Timor-Leste has faced great challenges in rebuilding its infrastructure, strengthening the civil administration, and generating jobs for young people entering the work force. The development of offshore oil and gas resources has greatly supplemented government revenues. This technology-intensive industry, however, has done little to create jobs in part because there are no production facilities in Timor-Leste. Gas is currently piped to Australia for processing, but Timor-Leste has expressed interest in developing a domestic processing capability. ++ In June 2005, the National Parliament unanimously approved the creation of the Timor-Leste Petroleum Fund to serve as a repository for all petroleum revenues and to preserve the value of Timor-Leste's petroleum wealth for future generations. The Fund held assets of $16 billion, as of mid-2016. Oil accounts for over 90% of government revenues, and the drop in the price of oil in 2014-16 has led to concerns about the long-term sustainability of government spending. Timor-Leste compensated for the decline in price by exporting more oil. The Ministry of Finance maintains that the Petroleum Fund is sufficient to sustain government operations for the foreseeable future. ++ Annual government budget expenditures increased markedly between 2009 and 2012 but dropped significantly through 2016. Historically, the government failed to spend as much as its budget allowed. The government has focused significant resources on basic infrastructure, including electricity and roads, but limited experience in procurement and infrastructure building has hampered these projects. The underlying economic policy challenge the country faces remains how best to use oil-and-gas wealth to lift the non-oil economy onto a higher growth path and to reduce poverty." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "-4.6% (2017 est.) / 5.3% (2016 est.) / 4% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 216 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.6% (2017 est.) / -1.3% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 49 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$7.426 billion (2017 est.) / $7.784 billion (2016 est.) / $7.391 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 166 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$2.775 billion (2017 est.)", "note": "note: non-oil GDP" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-4.6% (2017 est.) / 5.3% (2016 est.) / 4% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$6,000 (2017 est.) / $6,400 (2016 est.) / $6,200 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 164 + "country comparison to the world": 147 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "9.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "56.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "34.4% (2017 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -573,16 +587,8 @@ "text": "-52% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "9.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "56.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "34.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "69.9 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coffee, rice, corn, cassava (manioc, tapioca), sweet potatoes, soybeans, cabbage, mangoes, bananas, vanilla" @@ -611,7 +617,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4.4% (2014 est.) / 3.9% (2010 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 65 + "country comparison to the world": 66 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "41.8% (2014 est.)" @@ -647,10 +653,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.6% (2017 est.) / -1.3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 34 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$284 million (2017 est.) / -$544 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 106 @@ -665,7 +667,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$681.2 million (2017 est.) / $558.6 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, gasoline, kerosene, machinery" @@ -686,13 +688,13 @@ "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "63.4% (2016)" + "text": "85.6% (2018)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "91.7% (2016)" + "text": "100% (2018)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "49.2% (2016)" + "text": "79.2% (2018)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -713,11 +715,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "600 kW NA (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json index 7ccf608d..726a42a3 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "3,720 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes the Pescadores, Matsu, and Quemoy islands", - "country comparison to the world": 139 + "country comparison to the world": 138 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland and Delaware combined" @@ -165,11 +165,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.11% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 187 + "country comparison to the world": 186 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 223 + "country comparison to the world": 222 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 64 + "country comparison to the world": 63 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "distribution exhibits a peripheral coastal settlement pattern, with the largest populations on the north and west coasts" @@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 188 + "country comparison to the world": 187 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.14 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 226 + "country comparison to the world": 225 }, "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -431,30 +431,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Taiwan has a dynamic capitalist economy that is driven largely by industrial manufacturing, and especially exports of electronics, machinery, and petrochemicals. This heavy dependence on exports exposes the economy to fluctuations in global demand. Taiwan's diplomatic isolation, low birth rate, rapidly aging population, and increasing competition from China and other Asia Pacific markets are other major long-term challenges. ++ Following the landmark Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) signed with China in June 2010, Taiwan in July 2013 signed a free trade deal with New Zealand - Taipei's first-ever with a country with which it does not maintain diplomatic relations - and, in November of that year, inked a trade pact with Singapore. However, follow-on components of the ECFA, including a signed agreement on trade in services and negotiations on trade in goods and dispute resolution, have stalled. In early 2014, the government bowed to public demand and proposed a new law governing the oversight of cross-Strait agreements, before any additional deals with China are implemented; the legislature has yet to vote on such legislation, leaving the future of ECFA uncertain. President TSAI since taking office in May 2016 has promoted greater economic integration with South and Southeast Asia through the New Southbound Policy initiative and has also expressed interest in Taiwan joining the Trans-Pacific Partnership as well as bilateral trade deals with partners such as the US. These overtures have likely played a role in increasing Taiwan's total exports, which rose 11% during the first half of 2017, buoyed by strong demand for semiconductors. ++ Taiwan's total fertility rate of just over one child per woman is among the lowest in the world, raising the prospect of future labor shortages, falling domestic demand, and declining tax revenues. Taiwan's population is aging quickly, with the number of people over 65 expected to account for nearly 20% of the island's total population by 2025. ++ The island runs a trade surplus with many economies, including China and the US, and its foreign reserves are the world's fifth largest, behind those of China, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Switzerland. In 2006, China overtook the US to become Taiwan's second-largest source of imports after Japan. China is also the island's number one destination for foreign direct investment. Taiwan since 2009 has gradually loosened rules governing Chinese investment and has also secured greater market access for its investors on the mainland. In August 2012, the Taiwan Central Bank signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) on cross-Strait currency settlement with its Chinese counterpart. The MOU allows for the direct settlement of Chinese renminbi (RMB) and the New Taiwan dollar across the Strait, which has helped Taiwan develop into a local RMB hub. ++ Closer economic links with the mainland bring opportunities for Taiwan's economy but also pose challenges as political differences remain unresolved and China's economic growth is slowing. President TSAI's administration has made little progress on the domestic economic issues that loomed large when she was elected, including concerns about stagnant wages, high housing prices, youth unemployment, job security, and financial security in retirement. TSAI has made more progress on boosting trade with South and Southeast Asia, which may help insulate Taiwan's economy from a fall in mainland demand should China's growth slow in 2018." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.189 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.156 trillion (2016 est.) / $1.14 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 22 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$572.6 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.71% (2019 est.) / 2.75% (2018 est.) / 3.31% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 105 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.5% (2019 est.) / 1.3% (2018 est.) / 0.6% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 45 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AA- (2016)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aa3 (1994)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA- (2002)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$1,143,277,000,000 (2019 est.) / $1,113,126,000,000 (2018 est.) / $1,083,384,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$611.391 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$50,500 (2017 est.) / $49,100 (2016 est.) / $48,500 (2015 est.)", + "text": "$24,502 (2018 est.) / $50,500 (2017 est.) / $23,865 (2017 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 28 + "country comparison to the world": 64 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "34.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 35.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 36.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 17 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "36% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "62.1% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "53% (2017 est.)" @@ -475,16 +500,8 @@ "text": "-52.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "36% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "62.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "84.9 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, vegetables, fruit, tea, flowers; pigs, poultry; fish" @@ -513,7 +530,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.73% (2019 est.) / 3.69% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 54 + "country comparison to the world": 55 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "1.5% (2012 est.)" @@ -550,17 +567,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.1% (2017 est.) / 1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 61 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$65.173 billion (2019 est.) / $70.843 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 7 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$329.5 billion (2019)", - "country comparison to the world": 15 + "text": "$388.49 billion (2019 est.) / $383.484 billion (2018 est.) / $382.736 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 22 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 27.9%, US 14.1%, Hong Kong 12.3%, Japan 7.1%, Singapore 5.5%, South Korea 5.1% (2019)" @@ -569,8 +582,8 @@ "text": "semiconductors, petrochemicals, automobile/auto parts, ships, wireless communication equipment, flat display displays, steel, electronics, plastics, computers" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$285.9 billion (2019)", - "country comparison to the world": 18 + "text": "$308.744 billion (2019 est.) / $305.428 billion (2018 est.) / $303.067 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 23 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "oil/petroleum, semiconductors, natural gas, coal, steel, computers, wireless communication equipment, automobiles, fine chemicals, textiles" @@ -587,7 +600,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 38 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "New Taiwan dollars (TWD) per US dollar - / 30.68 (2017 est.) / 32.325 (2016 est.) / 32.325 (2015 est.) / 31.911 (2014 est.) / 30.363 (2013 est.)" + "text": "New Taiwan dollars (TWD) per US dollar - / 28.211 (2020 est.) / 30.472 (2019 est.) / 30.8395 (2018 est.) / 31.911 (2014 est.) / 30.363 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -613,7 +626,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "79% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 88 + "country comparison to the world": 87 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "11% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json index a271da82..5ffe20c6 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json @@ -180,19 +180,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.84% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 125 + "country comparison to the world": 124 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "14.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 130 + "country comparison to the world": 129 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 167 + "country comparison to the world": 166 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 121 + "country comparison to the world": 120 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "though it has one of the highest population densities in the world, the population is not evenly dispersed; clustering is heaviest along the South China Sea and Gulf of Tonkin, with the Mekong Delta (in the south) and the Red River Valley (in the north) having the largest concentrations of people" @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ "female": { "text": "15.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 96 + "country comparison to the world": 95 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.77 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 157 + "country comparison to the world": 156 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "77.5% (2016)" @@ -323,8 +323,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 45 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.7% of GDP (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 35 + "text": "4.2% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 90 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -532,30 +532,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Vietnam is a densely populated developing country that has been transitioning since 1986 from the rigidities of a centrally planned, highly agrarian economy to a more industrial and market based economy, and it has raised incomes substantially. Vietnam exceeded its 2017 GDP growth target of 6.7% with growth of 6.8%, primarily due to unexpected increases in domestic demand, and strong manufacturing exports. ++ Vietnam has a young population, stable political system, commitment to sustainable growth, relatively low inflation, stable currency, strong FDI inflows, and strong manufacturing sector. In addition, the country is committed to continuing its global economic integration. Vietnam joined the WTO in January 2007 and concluded several free trade agreements in 2015-16, including the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (which the EU has not yet ratified), the Korean Free Trade Agreement, and the Eurasian Economic Union Free Trade Agreement. In 2017, Vietnam successfully chaired the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Conference with its key priorities including inclusive growth, innovation, strengthening small and medium enterprises, food security, and climate change. Seeking to diversify its opportunities, Vietnam also signed the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for the Transpacific Partnership in 2018 and continued to pursue the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. ++ To continue its trajectory of strong economic growth, the government acknowledges the need to spark a ‘second wave' of reforms, including reforming state-owned-enterprises, reducing red tape, increasing business sector transparency, reducing the level of non-performing loans in the banking sector, and increasing financial sector transparency. Vietnam's public debt to GDP ratio is nearing the government mandated ceiling of 65%. ++ In 2016, Vietnam cancelled its civilian nuclear energy development program, citing public concerns about safety and the high cost of the program; it faces growing pressure on energy infrastructure. Overall, the country's infrastructure fails to meet the needs of an expanding middle class. Vietnam has demonstrated a commitment to sustainable growth over the last several years, but despite the recent speed-up in economic growth the government remains cautious about the risk of external shocks." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$648.7 billion (2017 est.) / $607.4 billion (2016 est.) / $571.9 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 35 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "6.8% (2017 est.) / 7.16% (2017 est.) / 6.2% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 21 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.7% (2019 est.) / 3.5% (2018 est.) / 3.5% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 138 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB (2018)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba3 (2018)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BB (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$673.484 billion (2019 est.) / $631.971 billion (2018 est.) / $591.671 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$220.4 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "6.8% (2017 est.) / 7.16% (2017 est.) / 6.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 22 + "text": "$259.957 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$6,900 (2017 est.) / $6,600 (2016 est.) / $6,200 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 159 + "text": "$2,125 (2019 est.) / $2,014 (2018 est.) / $1,904 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "29% of GDP (2017 est.) / 29.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 27.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 33 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "15.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "33.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "51.3% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "66.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -576,16 +601,8 @@ "text": "-101% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "15.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "33.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "51.3% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "70.8 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, coffee, rubber, tea, pepper, soybeans, cashews, sugar cane, peanuts, bananas; pork; poultry; seafood" @@ -614,7 +631,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.11% (2018 est.) / 2.2% (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 41 + "country comparison to the world": 42 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "8% (2017 est.)" @@ -651,17 +668,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.5% (2017 est.) / 2.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 142 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$12.478 billion (2019 est.) / $5.769 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 22 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$214.1 billion (2017 est.) / $176.6 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 27 + "text": "$248.953 billion (2019 est.) / $233.294 billion (2018 est.) / $204.169 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 31 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 20.1%, China 14.5%, Japan 8%, South Korea 6.8% (2017)" @@ -670,7 +683,7 @@ "text": "clothes, shoes, electronics, seafood, crude oil, rice, coffee, wooden products, machinery" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$202.6 billion (2017 est.) / $162.6 billion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$266.066 billion (2019 est.) / $245.563 billion (2018 est.) / $217.684 billion (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 26 }, "Imports - commodities": { @@ -688,7 +701,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 48 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "dong (VND) per US dollar - / 22,425 (2017 est.) / 22,159 (2016 est.) / 22,355 (2015 est.) / 21,909 (2014 est.) / 21,189 (2013 est.)" + "text": "dong (VND) per US dollar - / 23,129 (2020 est.) / 23,171.5 (2019 est.) / 23,312.5 (2018 est.) / 21,909 (2014 est.) / 21,189 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -719,7 +732,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "56% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 140 + "country comparison to the world": 139 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/al.json b/europe/al.json index 727712e4..49feb25b 100644 --- a/europe/al.json +++ b/europe/al.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "1,350 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 145 + "country comparison to the world": 144 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" @@ -175,19 +175,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.28% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 173 + "country comparison to the world": 172 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "13 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 143 + "country comparison to the world": 142 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 121 + "country comparison to the world": 120 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-3.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 179 + "country comparison to the world": 178 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "a fairly even distribution, with somewhat higher concentrations of people in the western and central parts of the country" @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "female": { "text": "9.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 125 + "country comparison to the world": 124 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.53 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "country comparison to the world": 196 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "46% (2017/18)" @@ -308,8 +308,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 120 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 101 + "text": "3.6% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 108 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ "text": "unicameral Assembly or Kuvendi (140 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 25 June 2017 (next to be held in 2021)" + "text": "last held on 25 June 2017 (next to be held on 25 April 2021)" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party - PS 48.3%, PD 28.9%, LSI 14.3%, PDIU 4.8%, PSD 1%, other 2.7%; seats by party - PS 74, PD 43, LSI 19, PDIU 3, PSD 1; composition - men 108, women 32, percent of women 22.9%" @@ -524,30 +524,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Albania, a formerly closed, centrally planned state, is a developing country with a modern open-market economy. Albania managed to weather the first waves of the global financial crisis but, the negative effects of the crisis caused a significant economic slowdown. Since 2014, Albania's economy has steadily improved and economic growth reached 3.8% in 2017. However, close trade, remittance, and banking sector ties with Greece and Italy make Albania vulnerable to spillover effects of possible debt crises and weak growth in the euro zone. ++ ++ Remittances, a significant catalyst for economic growth, declined from 12-15% of GDP before the 2008 financial crisis to 5.8% of GDP in 2015, mostly from Albanians residing in Greece and Italy. The agricultural sector, which accounts for more than 40% of employment but less than one quarter of GDP, is limited primarily to small family operations and subsistence farming, because of a lack of modern equipment, unclear property rights, and the prevalence of small, inefficient plots of land. Complex tax codes and licensing requirements, a weak judicial system, endemic corruption, poor enforcement of contracts and property issues, and antiquated infrastructure contribute to Albania's poor business environment making attracting foreign investment difficult. Since 2015, Albania has launched an ambitious program to increase tax compliance and bring more businesses into the formal economy. In July 2016, Albania passed constitutional amendments reforming the judicial system in order to strengthen the rule of law and to reduce deeply entrenched corruption. ++ ++ Albania's electricity supply is uneven despite upgraded transmission capacities with neighboring countries. However, the government has recently taken steps to stem non-technical losses and has begun to upgrade the distribution grid. Better enforcement of electricity contracts has improved the financial viability of the sector, decreasing its reliance on budget support. Also, with help from international donors, the government is taking steps to improve the poor road and rail networks, a long standing barrier to sustained economic growth. ++ ++ Inward foreign direct investment has increased significantly in recent years as the government has embarked on an ambitious program to improve the business climate through fiscal and legislative reforms. The government is focused on the simplification of licensing requirements and tax codes, and it entered into a new arrangement with the IMF for additional financial and technical support. Albania's three-year IMF program, an extended fund facility arrangement, was successfully concluded in February 2017. The Albanian Government has strengthened tax collection amid moderate public wage and pension increases in an effort to reduce its budget deficit. The country continues to face high public debt, exceeding its former statutory limit of 60% of GDP in 2013 and reaching 72% in 2016." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$36.01 billion (2017 est.) / $34.67 billion (2016 est.) / $33.55 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars; unreported output may be as large as 50% of official GDP", - "country comparison to the world": 125 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$13.07 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.24% (2019 est.) / 4.07% (2018 est.) / 3.8% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 125 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.4% (2019 est.) / 2% (2018 est.) / 1.9% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 80 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B1 (2007)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B+ (2016)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$34.991 billion (2019 est.) / $34.226 billion (2018 est.) / $32.89 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$15.273 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$12,500 (2017 est.) / $12,100 (2016 est.) / $11,600 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 125 + "text": "$5,156 (2019 est.) / $5,040 (2018 est.) / $4,840 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 156 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "15.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 16.7% of GDP (2016 est.) / 16.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 130 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "21.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "24.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "54.1% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "78.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -568,16 +590,8 @@ "text": "-46.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "21.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "24.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "54.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "Overall Ease of Doing Business score: 53.5 (2020) / Trading Across Borders score: (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, corn, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, olives and olive oil, grapes; meat, dairy products; sheep and goats" @@ -607,7 +621,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5.83% (2019 est.) / 6.32% (2018 est.)", "note": "note: these official rates may not include those working at near-subsistence farming", - "country comparison to the world": 95 + "country comparison to the world": 96 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "14.3% (2012 est.)" @@ -643,10 +657,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.) / 1.3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 102 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$908 million (2017 est.) / -$899 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 142 @@ -663,7 +673,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$4.103 billion (2017 est.) / $3.67 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 138 + "country comparison to the world": 144 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, chemicals" @@ -680,7 +690,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 114 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "leke (ALL) per US dollar - / 121.9 (2017 est.) / 124.14 (2016 est.) / 124.14 (2015 est.) / 125.96 (2014 est.) / 105.48 (2013 est.)" + "text": "leke (ALL) per US dollar - / 102.43 (2020 est.) / 111.36 (2019 est.) / 108.57 (2018 est.) / 125.96 (2014 est.) / 105.48 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -711,7 +721,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "5% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -855,7 +865,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "3 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 191 + "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { @@ -940,7 +950,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "3,687 (2019)" }, - "note": "note: 11,052 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2020)" + "note": "note: 11,365 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2020)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "active transshipment point for Southwest Asian opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and - to a lesser extent - cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; significant source country for cannabis production; ethnic Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and expanding in Europe; vulnerable to money laundering associated with regional trafficking in narcotics, arms, contraband, and illegal aliens" diff --git a/europe/an.json b/europe/an.json index 3c267434..d5d5be8c 100644 --- a/europe/an.json +++ b/europe/an.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "77,000 (2019 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -155,11 +155,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.06% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 227 + "country comparison to the world": 226 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 75 + "country comparison to the world": 74 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated in the seven urbanized valleys that make up the country's parishes (political administrative divisions)" @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "country comparison to the world": 196 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.43 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -273,8 +273,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 49 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.2% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 129 + "text": "3.2% of GDP (2019)", + "country comparison to the world": 124 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -448,24 +448,35 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Andorra has a developed economy and a free market, with per capita income above the European average and above the level of its neighbors, Spain and France. The country has developed a sophisticated infrastructure including a one-of-a-kind micro-fiber-optic network for the entire country. Tourism, retail sales, and finance comprise more than three-quarters of GDP. Duty-free shopping for some products and the country's summer and winter resorts attract millions of visitors annually. Andorra uses the euro and is effectively subject to the monetary policy of the European Central Bank. Andorra's comparative advantage as a tax haven eroded when the borders of neighboring France and Spain opened and the government eased bank secrecy laws under pressure from the EU and OECD. ++ Agricultural production is limited - only about 5% of the land is arable - and most food has to be imported, making the economy vulnerable to changes in fuel and food prices. The principal livestock is sheep. Manufacturing output and exports consist mainly of perfumes and cosmetic products, products of the printing industry, electrical machinery and equipment, clothing, tobacco products, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products. ++ To provide incentives for growth and diversification in the economy, the Andorran government began sweeping economic reforms in 2006. The Parliament approved three laws to complement the first phase of economic openness: on companies (October 2007), on business accounting (December 2007), and on foreign investment (April 2008 and June 2012). From 2011 to 2015, the Parliament also approved direct taxes in the form of taxes on corporations, on individual incomes of residents and non-residents, and on capital gains, savings, and economic activities. These regulations aim to establish a transparent, modern, and internationally comparable regulatory framework, in order to attract foreign investment and businesses that offer higher value added." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "-1.1% (2015 est.) / 1.4% (2014 est.) / -0.1% (2013 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 200 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-0.9% (2015 est.) / -0.1% (2014 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 6 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB+ (2018)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB (2017)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$3.327 billion (2015 est.) / $3.363 billion (2014 est.) / $3.273 billion (2013 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2012 US dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 186 + "note": "note: data are in 2012 US dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$2.712 billion (2016 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-1.1% (2015 est.) / 1.4% (2014 est.) / -0.1% (2013 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 200 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$49,900 (2015 est.) / $51,300 (2014 est.) / $50,300 (2013 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 32 + "country comparison to the world": 30 }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -478,6 +489,8 @@ "text": "54.5% (2015 est.)" } }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables, tobacco; sheep, cattle" }, @@ -489,7 +502,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "39,750 (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -504,7 +517,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.7% (2016 est.) / 4.1% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 52 + "country comparison to the world": 53 }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { "lowest 10%": { @@ -537,20 +550,16 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.9% (2015 est.) / -0.1% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 1 - }, "Exports": { "text": "$78.71 million (2015 est.) / $79.57 million (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "tobacco products, furniture" }, "Imports": { "text": "$1.257 billion (2015 est.) / $1.264 billion (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 178 + "country comparison to the world": 179 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "consumer goods, food, fuel, electricity" @@ -591,7 +600,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "61% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 126 + "country comparison to the world": 125 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index b07b6bf6..aa72b917 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "1,426 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 115 + "country comparison to the world": 114 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about the size of South Carolina; slightly more than two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania" @@ -170,11 +170,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.35% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 167 + "country comparison to the world": 166 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "9.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "3.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 33 + "country comparison to the world": 32 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the northern and eastern portions of the country are more densely populated; nearly two-thirds of the populace lives in urban areas" @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.49 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "79% (2019)", @@ -301,8 +301,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 105 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.5% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 38 + "text": "5.4% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 37 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -503,30 +503,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Austria is a well-developed market economy with skilled labor force and high standard of living. It is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's, but also the US', its third-largest trade partner. Its economy features a large service sector, a sound industrial sector, and a small, but highly developed agricultural sector. ++ Austrian economic growth strengthen in 2017, with a 2.9% increase in GDP. Austrian exports, accounting for around 60% of the GDP, were up 8.2% in 2017. Austria's unemployment rate fell by 0.3% to 5.5%, which is low by European standards, but still at its second highest rate since the end of World War II, driven by an increased number of refugees and EU migrants entering the labor market. ++ Austria's fiscal position compares favorably with other euro-zone countries. The budget deficit stood at a low 0.7% of GDP in 2017 and public debt declined again to 78.4% of GDP in 2017, after reaching a post-war high 84.6% in 2015. The Austrian government has announced it plans to balance the fiscal budget in 2019. Several external risks, such as Austrian banks' exposure to Central and Eastern Europe, the refugee crisis, and continued unrest in Russia/Ukraine, eased in 2017, but are still a factor for the Austrian economy. Exposure to the Russian banking sector and a deep energy relationship with Russia present additional risks. ++ Austria elected a new pro-business government in October 2017 that campaigned on promises to reduce bureaucracy, improve public sector efficiency, reduce labor market protections, and provide positive investment incentives." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$441 billion (2017 est.) / $428.1 billion (2016 est.) / $422 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 45 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$417.4 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.42% (2019 est.) / 2.58% (2018 est.) / 2.4% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 156 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.5% (2019 est.) / 2% (2018 est.) / 2% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 88 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AA+ (2015)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aa1 (2016)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA+ (2012)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$444.44 billion (2019 est.) / $438.222 billion (2018 est.) / $427.2 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$445.025 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$50,000 (2017 est.) / $49,000 (2016 est.) / $48,900 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 31 + "text": "$50,205 (2019 est.) / $49,857 (2018 est.) / $48,997 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 29 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "27% of GDP (2017 est.) / 26.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 25.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 43 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "28.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "70.3% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "52.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -547,16 +572,8 @@ "text": "-50.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "28.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "70.3% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "75.5 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grains, potatoes, wine, fruit; dairy products, cattle, pigs, poultry; lumber and other forestry products" @@ -585,7 +602,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "7.35% (2019 est.) / 7.7% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 116 + "country comparison to the world": 117 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "3% (2017 est.)" @@ -622,17 +639,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.2% (2017 est.) / 1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 111 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$12.667 billion (2019 est.) / $5.989 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 21 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$156.7 billion (2017 est.) / $149.5 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 32 + "text": "$270.888 billion (2019 est.) / $263.145 billion (2018 est.) / $249.312 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 28 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 29.4%, US 6.3%, Italy 6.2%, Switzerland 5.1%, France 4.8%, Slovakia 4.8% (2017)" @@ -641,8 +654,8 @@ "text": "machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, manufactured goods, chemicals, iron and steel, foodstuffs" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$158.1 billion (2017 est.) / $142.3 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 28 + "text": "$253.276 billion (2019 est.) / $247.225 billion (2018 est.) / $235.385 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 29 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products, natural gas; foodstuffs" @@ -659,7 +672,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 19 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -690,7 +703,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "25% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 188 + "country comparison to the world": 187 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/ax.json b/europe/ax.json index ae8fff4e..857a09b3 100644 --- a/europe/ax.json +++ b/europe/ax.json @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ "text": "123 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes a salt lake and wetlands", - "country comparison to the world": 224 + "country comparison to the world": 223 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -133,9 +133,11 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Akrotiri. All food and manufactured goods must be imported." }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Exchange rates": { "note": "note: uses the euro" } @@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "1 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "2,438 to 3,047 m": { diff --git a/europe/be.json b/europe/be.json index ed074f55..b6eb1b63 100644 --- a/europe/be.json +++ b/europe/be.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "250 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 141 + "country comparison to the world": 140 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about the size of Maryland" @@ -179,11 +179,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.63% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 148 + "country comparison to the world": 147 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 176 + "country comparison to the world": 175 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "4.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 26 + "country comparison to the world": 25 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population concentrated in the northern two-thirds of the country; the southeast is more thinly populated; considered to have one of the highest population densities in the world; approximately 97% live in urban areas" @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ "female": { "text": "2.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.77 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 152 + "country comparison to the world": 151 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "66.7% (2018)" @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 81 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.5% of GDP (2016)", + "text": "6.4% of GDP (2017)", "country comparison to the world": 20 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { @@ -505,30 +505,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Belgium's central geographic location and highly developed transport network have helped develop a well-diversified economy, with a broad mix of transport, services, manufacturing, and high tech. Service and high-tech industries are concentrated in the northern Flanders region while the southern region of Wallonia is home to industries like coal and steel manufacturing. Belgium is completely reliant on foreign sources of fossil fuels, and the planned closure of its seven nuclear plants by 2025 should increase its dependence on foreign energy. Its role as a regional logistical hub makes its economy vulnerable to shifts in foreign demand, particularly with EU trading partners. Roughly three-quarters of Belgium's trade is with other EU countries, and the port of Zeebrugge conducts almost half its trade with the United Kingdom alone, leaving Belgium's economy vulnerable to the outcome of negotiations on the UK's exit from the EU. ++ Belgium's GDP grew by 1.7% in 2017 and the budget deficit was 1.5% of GDP. Unemployment stood at 7.3%, however the unemployment rate is lower in Flanders than Wallonia, 4.4% compared to 9.4%, because of industrial differences between the regions. The economy largely recovered from the March 2016 terrorist attacks that mainly impacted the Brussels region tourist and hospitality industry. Prime Minister Charles MICHEL's center-right government has pledged to further reduce the deficit in response to EU pressure to decrease Belgium's high public debt of about 104% of GDP, but such efforts would also dampen economic growth. In addition to restrained public spending, low wage growth and higher inflation promise to curtail a more robust recovery in private consumption. ++ The government has pledged to pursue a reform program to improve Belgium's competitiveness, including changes to labor market rules and welfare benefits. These changes have generally made Belgian wages more competitive regionally, but have raised tensions with trade unions, which have called for extended strikes. In 2017, Belgium approved a tax reform plan to ease corporate rates from 33% to 29% by 2018 and down to 25% by 2020. The tax plan also included benefits for innovation and SMEs, intended to spur competitiveness and private investment." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$529.2 billion (2017 est.) / $520.2 billion (2016 est.) / $513 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 37 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$493.7 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.41% (2019 est.) / 1.49% (2018 est.) / 1.9% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 157 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.4% (2019 est.) / 2% (2018 est.) / 2.1% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 84 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AA- (2016)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aa3 (2011)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA (2011)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$493.888 billion (2019 est.) / $485.425 billion (2018 est.) / $476.784 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$533.028 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$46,600 (2017 est.) / $46,000 (2016 est.) / $45,700 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 35 + "text": "$47,478 (2019 est.) / $46,896 (2018 est.) / $46,313 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 33 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "24.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 24% of GDP (2016 est.) / 23.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 65 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "22.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "77.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "51.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -549,16 +574,8 @@ "text": "-84.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "22.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "77.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "75.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "sugar beets, fresh vegetables, fruits, grain, tobacco; beef, veal, pork, milk" @@ -587,7 +604,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5.36% (2019 est.) / 5.96% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 85 + "country comparison to the world": 86 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "15.1% (2013 est.)" @@ -624,17 +641,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.2% (2017 est.) / 1.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 112 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$1.843 billion (2019 est.) / -$4.135 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 41 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$300.8 billion (2017 est.) / $277.7 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 20 + "text": "$474.278 billion (2019 est.) / $469.48 billion (2018 est.) / $466.732 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 18 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 16.6%, France 14.9%, Netherlands 12%, UK 8.4%, Italy 4.9%, US 4.8% (2017)" @@ -643,7 +656,7 @@ "text": "chemicals, machinery and equipment, finished diamonds, metals and metal products, foodstuffs" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$300.4 billion (2017 est.) / $273.4 billion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$473.129 billion (2019 est.) / $469.546 billion (2018 est.) / $463.706 billion (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 17 }, "Imports - commodities": { @@ -661,7 +674,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 15 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -692,7 +705,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "35% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 177 + "country comparison to the world": 176 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "28% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -931,7 +944,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 123 }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "the Belgian Armed Forces have approximately 27,000 active duty personnel (10,500 Army; 1,500 Navy; 5,000 Air Force; 1,200 Medical Service; 9,000 other, including joint staff, support, and training schools) (2019 est.)" + "text": "the Belgian Armed Forces have approximately 27,000 active duty personnel (10,500 Army; 1,500 Navy; 5,000 Air Force; 1,200 Medical Service; 9,000 other, including joint staff, support, and training schools) (2019)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the Belgian Armed Forces have a mix of weapons systems from European countries, Israel, and the US; since 2010, France, Germany, and Switzerland are the leading suppliers of armaments; Belgium has an advanced, export-focused defense industry that focuses on components and subcontracting (2019 est.)" @@ -943,12 +956,12 @@ "text": "18 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 1994 (2012)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); C-SOCC is scheduled to be fully operational in 2021 (2020)" + "text": "in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020" } }, "Terrorism": { "Terrorist group(s)": { - "text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (2019)", + "text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (2020)", "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T" } }, diff --git a/europe/bk.json b/europe/bk.json index f742f4ce..110f7f7b 100644 --- a/europe/bk.json +++ b/europe/bk.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "10 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 129 + "country comparison to the world": 128 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than West Virginia" @@ -169,11 +169,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.19% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Death rate": { "text": "10.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 122 + "country comparison to the world": 121 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the northern and central areas of the country are the most densely populated" @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ "female": { "text": "5.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 175 + "country comparison to the world": 174 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.33 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 221 + "country comparison to the world": 220 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "45.8% (2011/12)" @@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Chairman of the Presidency Sefik DZAFEROVIC (chairman since 20 March 2020, presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Bosniak seat); Zeljko KOMSIC (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Croat seat); Milorad DODIK (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Serb seat)" + "text": "Chairman of the Presidency Milorad DODIK (chairman since 20 November 2020; presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Serb seat); Sefik DZAFEROVIC (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Bosniak seat); Zeljko KOMSIC (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Croat seat)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Chairman of the Council of Ministers Zoran TEGELTIJA (since 5 December 2019)" @@ -525,30 +525,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Bosnia and Herzegovina has a transitional economy with limited market reforms. The economy relies heavily on the export of metals, energy, textiles, and furniture as well as on remittances and foreign aid. A highly decentralized government hampers economic policy coordination and reform, while excessive bureaucracy and a segmented market discourage foreign investment. The economy is among the least competitive in the region. Foreign banks, primarily from Austria and Italy, control much of the banking sector, though the largest bank is a private domestic one. The konvertibilna marka (convertible mark) - the national currency introduced in 1998 - is pegged to the euro through a currency board arrangement, which has maintained confidence in the currency and has facilitated reliable trade links with European partners. Bosnia and Herzegovina became a full member of the Central European Free Trade Agreement in September 2007. In 2016, Bosnia began a three-year IMF loan program, but it has struggled to meet the economic reform benchmarks required to receive all funding installments. ++ Bosnia and Herzegovina's private sector is growing slowly, but foreign investment dropped sharply after 2007 and remains low. High unemployment remains the most serious macroeconomic problem. Successful implementation of a value-added tax in 2006 provided a steady source of revenue for the government and helped rein in gray-market activity, though public perceptions of government corruption and misuse of taxpayer money has encouraged a large informal economy to persist. National-level statistics have improved over time, but a large share of economic activity remains unofficial and unrecorded. ++ Bosnia and Herzegovina's top economic priorities are: acceleration of integration into the EU; strengthening the fiscal system; public administration reform; World Trade Organization membership; and securing economic growth by fostering a dynamic, competitive private sector." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$44.83 billion (2017 est.) / $43.54 billion (2016 est.) / $42.19 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 113 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$18.17 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "3% (2017 est.) / 3.2% (2016 est.) / 3.1% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 98 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.2% (2017 est.) / -1.1% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 74 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B3 (2012)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B (2011)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$44.288 billion (2019 est.) / $43.133 billion (2018 est.) / $41.578 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$20.078 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$12,800 (2017 est.) / $12,400 (2016 est.) / $11,900 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 122 + "text": "$6,641 (2019 est.) / $6,423 (2018 est.) / $6,141 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 142 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "11% of GDP (2017 est.) / 11.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 10.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 158 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "6.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "28.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "64.3% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "77.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -569,16 +591,8 @@ "text": "-55.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "6.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "28.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "64.3% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "65.4 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, corn, fruits, vegetables; livestock" @@ -608,7 +622,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "33.28% (2019 est.) / 35.97% (2018 est.)", "note": "note: official rate; actual rate is lower as many technically unemployed persons work in the gray economy", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "16.9% (2015 est.)" @@ -645,17 +659,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.2% (2017 est.) / -1.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 62 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$873 million (2017 est.) / -$821 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 138 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$5.205 billion (2017 est.) / $4.288 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 106 + "text": "$8.843 billion (2019 est.) / $8.91 billion (2018 est.) / $8.395 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 102 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 14.7%, Croatia 11.8%, Italy 11.1%, Serbia 10%, Slovenia 9%, Austria 8.3% (2017)" @@ -664,8 +674,8 @@ "text": "metals, clothing, wood products" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$9.547 billion (2017 est.) / $8.337 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 102 + "text": "$12.561 billion (2019 est.) / $12.441 billion (2018 est.) / $11.999 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 99 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs" @@ -713,7 +723,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "49% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 153 + "country comparison to the world": 152 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -964,7 +974,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "75 (2019)" }, - "note": "note: 68,087 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2020)" + "note": "note: 69,102 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-December 2020)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "increasingly a transit point for heroin being trafficked to Western Europe; minor transit point for marijuana; remains highly vulnerable to money-laundering activity given a primarily cash-based and unregulated economy, weak law enforcement, and instances of corruption" diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index 9c30088e..d7ee085a 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "4,700 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 87 + "country comparison to the world": 86 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Kentucky; slightly smaller than Kansas" @@ -168,11 +168,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.27% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "9.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Death rate": { "text": "13.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 65 + "country comparison to the world": 64 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations" @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.5 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "72.1% (2017)", @@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.8% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 70 + "country comparison to the world": 65 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -514,30 +514,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "As part of the former Soviet Union, Belarus had a relatively well-developed industrial base, but it is now outdated, inefficient, and dependent on subsidized Russian energy and preferential access to Russian markets. The country's agricultural base is largely dependent on government subsidies. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, an initial burst of economic reforms included privatization of state enterprises, creation of private property rights, and the acceptance of private entrepreneurship, but by 1994 the reform effort dissipated. About 80% of industry remains in state hands, and foreign investment has virtually disappeared. Several businesses have been renationalized. State-owned entities account for 70-75% of GDP, and state banks make up 75% of the banking sector. ++ Economic output declined for several years following the break-up of the Soviet Union, but revived in the mid-2000s. Belarus has only small reserves of crude oil and imports crude oil and natural gas from Russia at subsidized, below market, prices. Belarus derives export revenue by refining Russian crude and selling it at market prices. Russia and Belarus have had serious disagreements over prices and quantities for Russian energy. Beginning in early 2016, Russia claimed Belarus began accumulating debt – reaching $740 million by April 2017 – for paying below the agreed price for Russian natural gas and Russia cut back its export of crude oil as a result of the debt. In April 2017, Belarus agreed to pay its gas debt and Russia restored the flow of crude. ++ New non-Russian foreign investment has been limited in recent years, largely because of an unfavorable financial climate. In 2011, a financial crisis lead to a nearly three-fold devaluation of the Belarusian ruble. The Belarusian economy has continued to struggle under the weight of high external debt servicing payments and a trade deficit. In mid-December 2014, the devaluation of the Russian ruble triggered a near 40% devaluation of the Belarusian ruble. ++ Belarus's economy stagnated between 2012 and 2016, widening productivity and income gaps between Belarus and neighboring countries. Budget revenues dropped because of falling global prices on key Belarusian export commodities. Since 2015, the Belarusian government has tightened its macro-economic policies, allowed more flexibility to its exchange rate, taken some steps towards price liberalization, and reduced subsidized government lending to state-owned enterprises. Belarus returned to modest growth in 2017, largely driven by improvement of external conditions and Belarus issued sovereign debt for the first time since 2011, which provided the country with badly-needed liquidity, and issued $600 million worth of Eurobonds in February 2018, predominantly to US and British investors." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$179.4 billion (2017 est.) / $175.1 billion (2016 est.) / $179.7 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 70 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$54.44 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.22% (2019 est.) / 3.17% (2018 est.) / 2.53% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 165 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "5.6% (2019 est.) / 4.8% (2018 est.) / 6% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 190 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B (2018)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B3 (2018)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B (2017)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$161.175 billion (2019 est.) / $159.229 billion (2018 est.) / $154.367 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$63.168 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$18,900 (2017 est.) / $18,400 (2016 est.) / $19,000 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 94 + "text": "$6,695 (2019 est.) / $6,614 (2018 est.) / $6,413 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 141 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "24.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 23% of GDP (2016 est.) / 25.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 64 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "8.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "40.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "51.1% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "54.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -558,16 +583,8 @@ "text": "-67% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "8.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "40.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "51.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "74.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grain, potatoes, vegetables, sugar beets, flax; beef, milk" @@ -633,17 +650,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "6% (2017 est.) / 11.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 184 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$931 million (2017 est.) / -$1.669 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 143 }, "Exports": { "text": "$28.65 billion (2017 est.) / $22.98 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 66 + "country comparison to the world": 70 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Russia 43.9%, Ukraine 11.5%, UK 8.2% (2017)" @@ -653,7 +666,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$31.58 billion (2017 est.) / $25.61 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 64 + "country comparison to the world": 70 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "mineral products, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, metals" @@ -701,7 +714,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "96% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 37 + "country comparison to the world": 36 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/bu.json b/europe/bu.json index 015d62c5..a298d72b 100644 --- a/europe/bu.json +++ b/europe/bu.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "2,390 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 106 + "country comparison to the world": 105 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "almost identical in size to Virginia; slightly larger than Tennessee" @@ -177,11 +177,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.65% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 228 + "country comparison to the world": 227 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8.3 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 219 + "country comparison to the world": 218 }, "Death rate": { "text": "14.6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 114 + "country comparison to the world": 113 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger populations" @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ "female": { "text": "7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 149 + "country comparison to the world": 148 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.49 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -307,8 +307,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 112 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.1% of GDP (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 96 + "text": "4.1% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 92 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -524,30 +524,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Bulgaria, a former communist country that entered the EU in 2007, has an open economy that historically has demonstrated strong growth, but its per-capita income remains the lowest among EU members and its reliance on energy imports and foreign demand for its exports makes its growth sensitive to external market conditions. ++ The government undertook significant structural economic reforms in the 1990s to move the economy from a centralized, planned economy to a more liberal, market-driven economy. These reforms included privatization of state-owned enterprises, liberalization of trade, and strengthening of the tax system - changes that initially caused some economic hardships but later helped to attract investment, spur growth, and make gradual improvements to living conditions. From 2000 through 2008, Bulgaria maintained robust, average annual real GDP growth in excess of 6%, which was followed by a deep recession in 2009 as the financial crisis caused domestic demand, exports, capital inflows and industrial production to contract, prompting the government to rein in spending. Real GDP growth remained slow - less than 2% annually - until 2015, when demand from EU countries for Bulgarian exports, plus an inflow of EU development funds, boosted growth to more than 3%. In recent years, strong domestic demand combined with low international energy prices have contributed to Bulgaria's economic growth approaching 4% and have also helped to ease inflation. Bulgaria's prudent public financial management contributed to budget surpluses both in 2016 and 2017. ++ Bulgaria is heavily reliant on energy imports from Russia, a potential vulnerability, and is a participant in EU-backed efforts to diversify regional natural gas supplies. In late 2016, the Bulgarian Government provided funding to Bulgaria's National Electric Company to cover the $695 million compensation owed to Russian nuclear equipment manufacturer Atomstroyexport for the cancellation of the Belene Nuclear Power Plant project, which the Bulgarian Government terminated in 2012. As of early 2018, the government was floating the possibility of resurrecting the Belene project. The natural gas market, dominated by state-owned Bulgargaz, is also almost entirely supplied by Russia. Infrastructure projects such as the Inter-Connector Greece-Bulgaria and Inter-Connector Bulgaria-Serbia, which would enable Bulgaria to have access to non-Russian gas, have either stalled or made limited progress. In 2016, the Bulgarian Government established the State eGovernment Agency. This new agency is responsible for the electronic governance, coordinating national policies with the EU, and strengthening cybersecurity. ++ Despite a favorable investment regime, including low, flat corporate income taxes, significant challenges remain. Corruption in public administration, a weak judiciary, low productivity, lack of transparency in public procurements, and the presence of organized crime continue to hamper the country's investment climate and economic prospects." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$153.5 billion (2017 est.) / $148.2 billion (2016 est.) / $142.6 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 76 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$56.94 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "3.39% (2019 est.) / 3.2% (2018 est.) / 3.5% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 89 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "3.1% (2019 est.) / 2.8% (2018 est.) / 2% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 148 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB (2017)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Baa1 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$151.132 billion (2019 est.) / $146.181 billion (2018 est.) / $141.645 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$68.49 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$21,800 (2017 est.) / $20,900 (2016 est.) / $19,900 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 87 + "text": "$9,888 (2019 est.) / $9,494 (2018 est.) / $9,133 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 116 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "25.4% of GDP (2017 est.) / 21.4% of GDP (2016 est.) / 21.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 58 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "4.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "28% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "67.4% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "61.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -568,16 +593,8 @@ "text": "-64.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "4.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "28% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "67.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "72.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "vegetables, fruits, tobacco, wine, wheat, barley, sunflowers, sugar beets; livestock" @@ -607,7 +624,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5.66% (2019 est.) / 6.18% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 90 + "country comparison to the world": 91 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "23.4% (2016 est.)" @@ -644,17 +661,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.2% (2017 est.) / -1.3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 63 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$2.06 billion (2019 est.) / $611 million (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 39 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$29.08 billion (2017 est.) / $25.37 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 65 + "text": "$42.369 billion (2019 est.) / $40.779 billion (2018 est.) / $40.091 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 64 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 13.5%, Italy 8.3%, Romania 8.2%, Turkey 7.7%, Greece 6.5%, Belgium 4.2%, France 4.1% (2017)" @@ -663,8 +676,8 @@ "text": "clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels, agriculture, tobacco, IT components" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$31.43 billion (2017 est.) / $26.66 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 66 + "text": "$44.853 billion (2019 est.) / $42.841 billion (2018 est.) / $40.53 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 63 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; fuels, minerals, and raw materials" @@ -681,7 +694,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 72 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "leva (BGN) per US dollar - / 1.63 (2017 est.) / 1.86 (2016 est.) / 1.768 (2015 est.) / 1.7644 (2014 est.) / 1.4742 (2013 est.)" + "text": "leva (BGN) per US dollar - / 1.61885 (2020 est.) / 1.7669 (2019 est.) / 1.7172 (2018 est.) / 1.7644 (2014 est.) / 1.4742 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -712,7 +725,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "39% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 170 + "country comparison to the world": 169 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "20% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -962,7 +975,7 @@ }, "Terrorism": { "Terrorist group(s)": { - "text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force (2019)", + "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force (2020)", "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T" } }, @@ -977,7 +990,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "116 (2019)" }, - "note": "note: 58,073 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2020); Bulgaria is predominantly a transit country and hosts approximately 992 migrants and asylum seekers as of the end of September 2018; 2,576 migrant arrivals in 2018" + "note": "note: 58,294 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2020); Bulgaria is predominantly a transit country" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "current situation": { diff --git a/europe/cy.json b/europe/cy.json index 79f04c75..9e6a54fd 100644 --- a/europe/cy.json +++ b/europe/cy.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "10 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 170 + "country comparison to the world": 169 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about 0.6 times the size of Connecticut" @@ -180,15 +180,15 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.15% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 94 + "country comparison to the world": 93 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "10.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 180 + "country comparison to the world": 179 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 125 + "country comparison to the world": 124 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "7.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "female": { "text": "6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 155 + "country comparison to the world": 154 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.48 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -307,8 +307,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 84 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.4% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 22 + "text": "5.8% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 29 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -528,30 +528,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The area of the Republic of Cyprus under government control has a market economy dominated by a services sector that accounts for more than four-fifths of GDP. Tourism, finance, shipping, and real estate have traditionally been the most important services. Cyprus has been a member of the EU since May 2004 and adopted the euro as its national currency in January 2008. ++ During the first five years of EU membership, the Cyprus economy grew at an average rate of about 4%, with unemployment between 2004 and 2008 averaging about 4%. However, the economy tipped into recession in 2009 as the ongoing global financial crisis and resulting low demand hit the tourism and construction sectors. An overextended banking sector with excessive exposure to Greek debt added to the contraction. Cyprus' biggest two banks were among the largest holders of Greek bonds in Europe and had a substantial presence in Greece through bank branches and subsidiaries. Following numerous downgrades of its credit rating, Cyprus lost access to international capital markets in May 2011. In July 2012, Cyprus became the fifth euro-zone government to request an economic bailout program from the European Commission, European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund - known collectively as the \"Troika.\" ++ Shortly after the election of President Nikos ANASTASIADES in February 2013, Cyprus reached an agreement with the Troika on a $13 billion bailout that triggered a two-week bank closure and the imposition of capital controls that remained partially in place until April 2015. Cyprus' two largest banks merged and the combined entity was recapitalized through conversion of some large bank deposits to shares and imposition of losses on bank bondholders. As with other EU countries, the Troika conditioned the bailout on passing financial and structural reforms and privatizing state-owned enterprises. Despite downsizing and restructuring, the Cypriot financial sector remains burdened by the largest stock of non-performing loans in the euro zone, equal to nearly half of all loans. Since the bailout, Cyprus has received positive appraisals by the Troika and outperformed fiscal targets but has struggled to overcome political opposition to bailout-mandated legislation, particularly regarding privatizations. The rate of non-performing loans (NPLs) is still very high at around 49%, and growth would accelerate if Cypriot banks could increase the pace of resolution of the NPLs. ++ In October 2013, a US-Israeli consortium completed preliminary appraisals of hydrocarbon deposits in Cyprus' exclusive economic zone (EEZ), which estimated gross mean reserves of about 130 billion cubic meters. Though exploration continues in Cyprus' EEZ, no additional commercially exploitable reserves have been identified. Developing offshore hydrocarbon resources remains a critical component of the government's economic recovery efforts, but development has been delayed as a result of regional developments and disagreements about exploitation methods." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$31.78 billion (2017 est.) / $30.59 billion (2016 est.) / $29.58 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 129 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$21.7 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "3.08% (2019 est.) / 5.25% (2018 est.) / 5.16% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 97 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.2% (2019 est.) / 1.4% (2018 est.) / 0.5% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 25 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB- (2018)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba2 (2018)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB- (2018)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$30.918 billion (2019 est.) / $29.995 billion (2018 est.) / $28.502 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$24.946 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$37,200 (2017 est.) / $36,100 (2016 est.) / $34,900 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 53 + "text": "$23,948 (2019 est.) / $23,415 (2018 est.) / $22,430 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 66 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "13.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 11.9% of GDP (2016 est.) / 12.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 140 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "12.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "85.5% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "68.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -572,16 +597,8 @@ "text": "-67.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "12.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "85.5% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "73.4 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "citrus, vegetables, barley, grapes, olives, vegetables; poultry, pork, lamb; dairy, cheese" @@ -610,7 +627,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "7.07% (2019 est.) / 8.37% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 114 + "country comparison to the world": 115 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -647,17 +664,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.) / -1.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 35 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.578 billion (2019 est.) / -$958 million (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 161 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$2.805 billion (2017 est.) / $2.7 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 130 + "text": "$20.65 billion (2019 est.) / $20.735 billion (2018 est.) / $19.198 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 78 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Libya 9.4%, Greece 7.7%, Norway 6.7%, UK 5.3%, Germany 4.1% (2017)" @@ -666,8 +679,8 @@ "text": "citrus, potatoes, pharmaceuticals, cement, clothing" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$7.935 billion (2017 est.) / $7.153 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 110 + "text": "$21.07 billion (2019 est.) / $20.666 billion (2018 est.) / $19.782 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 80 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, machinery, transport equipment" @@ -684,7 +697,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 50 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" }, "Economy of the area administered by Turkish Cypriots": { "text": "Economy - overview: Even though the whole of the island is part of the EU, implementation of the EU \"acquis communautaire\" has been suspended in the area administered by Turkish Cypriots, known locally as the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (\"TRNC\"), until political conditions permit the reunification of the island. The market-based economy of the \"TRNC\" is roughly one-fifth the size of its southern neighbor and is likewise dominated by the service sector with a large portion of the population employed by the government. In 2012 - the latest year for which data are available - the services sector, which includes the public sector, trade, tourism, and education, contributed 58.7% to economic output. In the same year, light manufacturing and agriculture contributed 2.7% and 6.2%, respectively. Manufacturing is limited mainly to food and beverages, furniture and fixtures, construction materials, metal and non-metal products, textiles and clothing. The \"TRNC\" maintains few economic ties with the Republic of Cyprus outside of trade in construction materials. Since its creation, the \"TRNC\" has heavily relied on financial assistance from Turkey, which supports the \"TRNC\" defense, telecommunications, water and postal services. The Turkish Lira is the preferred currency, though foreign currencies are widely accepted in business transactions. The \"TRNC\" remains vulnerable to the Turkish market and monetary policy because of its use of the Turkish Lira. The \"TRNC\" weathered the European financial crisis relatively unscathed - compared to the Republic of Cyprus - because of the lack of financial sector development, the health of the Turkish economy, and its separation from the rest of the island. The \"TRNC\" economy experienced growth estimated at 2.8% in 2013 and 2.3% in 2014 and is projected to grow 3.8% in 2015.; ++ GDP (purchasing power parity): $1.829 billion (2007 est.); ++ GDP - real growth rate: 2.3% (2014 est.); ++ 2.8% (2013 est.); ++ GDP - per capita: $11,700 (2007 est.); ++ GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 6.2%,; industry: 35.1%,; services: 58.7% (2012 est.); ++ Labor force: 95,030 (2007 est.); ++ Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 14.5%,; industry: 29%,; services: 56.5% (2004); ++ Unemployment rate: 9.4% (2005 est.); ++ Population below poverty line: %NA; ++ Inflation rate: 11.4% (2006); ++ Budget: revenues: $2.5 billion,; expenditures: $2.5 billion (2006); ++ Agriculture - products: citrus fruit, dairy, potatoes, grapes, olives, poultry, lamb; ++ Industries: foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, ship repair, clay, gypsum, copper, furniture; ++ Industrial production growth rate: -0.3% (2007 est.); ++ Electricity production: 998.9 million kWh (2005); ++ Electricity consumption: 797.9 million kWh (2005); ++ Exports: $68.1 million, f.o.b. (2007 est.); ++ Export - commodities: citrus, dairy, potatoes, textiles; ++ Export - partners: Turkey 40%; direct trade between the area administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control remains limited; ++ Imports: $1.2 billion, f.o.b. (2007 est.); ++ Import - commodities: vehicles, fuel, cigarettes, food, minerals, chemicals, machinery; ++ Import - partners: Turkey 60%; direct trade between the area administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control remains limited; ++ Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: NA; ++ Debt - external: NA; ++ Currency (code): Turkish new lira (YTL); ++ Exchange rates: Turkish new lira per US dollar:; 1.9 (2013); 1.8 (2012); 1.668 (2011); 1.5026 (2010); 1.55 (2009);" @@ -718,7 +731,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "85% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 70 + "country comparison to the world": 69 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/da.json b/europe/da.json index 5bef32c9..b4eb7a8f 100644 --- a/europe/da.json +++ b/europe/da.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "660 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaelland and Fyn), but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland", - "country comparison to the world": 134 + "country comparison to the world": 133 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts; about two-thirds the size of West Virginia" @@ -183,11 +183,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.48% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 157 + "country comparison to the world": 156 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 178 + "country comparison to the world": 177 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "2.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 39 + "country comparison to the world": 38 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "with excellent access to the North Sea, Skagerrak, Kattegat, and the Baltic Sea, population centers tend to be along coastal areas, particularly in Copenhagen and the eastern side of the country's mainland" @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ "female": { "text": "2.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.78 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 151 + "country comparison to the world": 150 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -310,8 +310,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 109 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "7.6% of GDP (2014)", - "country comparison to the world": 7 + "text": "7.8% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 6 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -507,30 +507,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "This thoroughly modern market economy features advanced industry with world-leading firms in pharmaceuticals, maritime shipping, and renewable energy, and a high-tech agricultural sector. Danes enjoy a high standard of living, and the Danish economy is characterized by extensive government welfare measures and an equitable distribution of income. An aging population will be a long-term issue. ++ Denmark's small open economy is highly dependent on foreign trade, and the government strongly supports trade liberalization. Denmark is a net exporter of food, oil, and gas and enjoys a comfortable balance of payments surplus, but depends on imports of raw materials for the manufacturing sector. ++ Denmark is a member of the EU but not the eurozone. Despite previously meeting the criteria to join the European Economic and Monetary Union, Denmark has negotiated an opt-out with the EU and is not required to adopt the euro. ++ Denmark is experiencing a modest economic expansion. The economy grew by 2.0% in 2016 and 2.1% in 2017. The expansion is expected to decline slightly in 2018. Unemployment stood at 5.5% in 2017, based on the national labor survey. The labor market was tight in 2017, with corporations experiencing some difficulty finding appropriately-skilled workers to fill billets. The Danish Government offers extensive programs to train unemployed persons to work in sectors that need qualified workers. ++ Denmark maintained a healthy budget surplus for many years up to 2008, but the global financial crisis swung the budget balance into deficit. Since 2014 the balance has shifted between surplus and deficit. In 2017 there was a surplus of 1.0%. The government projects a lower deficit in 2018 and 2019 of 0.7%, and public debt (EMU debt) as a share of GDP is expected to decline to 35.6% in 2018 and 34.8% in 2019. The Danish Government plans to address increasing municipal, public housing and integration spending in 2018." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$287.8 billion (2017 est.) / $281.4 billion (2016 est.) / $276 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 60 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$325.6 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.85% (2019 est.) / 2.18% (2018 est.) / 2.83% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 102 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.7% (2019 est.) / 0.8% (2018 est.) / 1.1% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 52 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AAA (2003)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aaa (1999)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AAA (2001)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$283.94 billion (2019 est.) / $276.073 billion (2018 est.) / $270.195 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$350.037 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$50,100 (2017 est.) / $49,300 (2016 est.) / $48,800 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 30 + "text": "$66,351 (2019 est.) / $64,734 (2018 est.) / $63,575 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 14 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "28.8% of GDP (2017 est.) / 28.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / 28.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 35 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "22.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "75.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "48% (2017 est.)" @@ -551,16 +576,8 @@ "text": "-47.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "22.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "75.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "85.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "barley, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets; pork, dairy products; fish" @@ -589,7 +606,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.05% (2019 est.) / 3.07% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 39 + "country comparison to the world": 40 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "13.4% (2011 est.)", @@ -627,17 +644,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.1% (2017 est.) / 0.3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 58 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$30.935 billion (2019 est.) / $24.821 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 12 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$113.6 billion (2017 est.) / $103.6 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 34 + "text": "$226.589 billion (2019 est.) / $215.725 billion (2018 est.) / $208.941 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 33 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 15.5%, Sweden 11.6%, UK 8.2%, US 7.5%, Norway 6%, China 4.4%, Netherlands 4.4% (2017)" @@ -646,8 +659,8 @@ "text": "wind turbines, pharmaceuticals, machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, furniture and design" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$94.93 billion (2017 est.) / $86.81 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 37 + "text": "$197.818 billion (2019 est.) / $193.107 billion (2018 est.) / $184.338 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 35 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods" @@ -664,7 +677,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 25 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar - / 6.586 (2017 est.) / 6.7309 (2016 est.) / 6.7309 (2015 est.) / 6.7236 (2014 est.) / 5.6125 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar - / 6.16045 (2020 est.) / 6.7506 (2019 est.) / 6.5533 (2018 est.) / 6.7236 (2014 est.) / 5.6125 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -695,7 +708,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "46% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 158 + "country comparison to the world": 157 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -947,12 +960,12 @@ "text": "18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscripts serve an initial training period that varies from 4 to 12 months depending on specialization; former conscripts are assigned to mobilization units; women eligible to volunteer for military service; in addition to full time employment, the Danish Military offers reserve contracts in all three branches (2016)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); C-SOCC is scheduled to be fully operational in 2021 (2020)" + "text": "in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020" } }, "Terrorism": { "Terrorist group(s)": { - "text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force (2019)", + "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force (2019)", "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T" } }, diff --git a/europe/dx.json b/europe/dx.json index 0bcf4f38..167e97f9 100644 --- a/europe/dx.json +++ b/europe/dx.json @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ "text": "131 sq km" }, "note": "note: area surrounds three Cypriot enclaves", - "country comparison to the world": 223 + "country comparison to the world": 222 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC" @@ -127,9 +127,11 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Dhekelia. All food and manufactured goods must be imported." }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Industries": { "text": "none" }, diff --git a/europe/ee.json b/europe/ee.json index ea3307d0..ee23c6f3 100644 --- a/europe/ee.json +++ b/europe/ee.json @@ -336,19 +336,32 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The 27 member states that make up the EU have adopted an internal single market with free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor. The EU, which is also a customs union, aims to bolster Europe's trade position and its political and economic weight in international affairs. ++ ++ Despite great differences in per capita income among member states (from $28,000 to $109,000) and in national attitudes toward issues like inflation, debt, and foreign trade, the EU has achieved a high degree of coordination of monetary and fiscal policies. A common currency – the euro – circulates among 19 of the member states that make up the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Eleven member states introduced the euro as their common currency on 1 January 1999 (Greece did so two years later). Since 2004, 13 states acceded to the EU. Of the 13, Slovenia (2007), Cyprus and Malta (2008), Slovakia (2009), Estonia (2011), Latvia (2014), and Lithuania (2015) have adopted the euro; seven other member states - excluding Denmark, which has a formal opt-out - are required by EU treaties to adopt the common currency upon meeting fiscal and monetary convergence criteria. ++ ++ The EU economy posted moderate GDP growth for 2014 through 2017, capping five years of sustained growth since the 2008-09 global economic crisis and the ensuing sovereign debt crisis in the euro zone in 2011. However, the bloc's recovery was uneven. Some EU member states (Czechia, Ireland, Malta, Romania, Sweden, and Spain) recorded strong growth, others (Italy) experienced modest expansion, and Greece finally ended its EU rescue program in August 2018. Overall, the EU's recovery was buoyed by lower commodities prices and accommodative monetary policy, which lowered interest rates and stimulated demand. The euro zone, which makes up about 70% of the total EU economy, performed well, achieving a growth rate not seen in a decade. In October 2017 the European Central Bank (ECB) announced it would extend its bond-buying program through September 2018, and possibly beyond that date, to keep the euro zone recovery on track. The ECB's efforts to spur more lending and investment through its asset-buying program, negative interest rates, and long-term loan refinancing programs have not yet raised inflation in line with the ECB's statutory target of just under 2%. ++ ++ Despite its performance, high unemployment in some member states, high levels of public and private debt, muted productivity, an incomplete single market in services, and an aging population remain sources of potential drag on the EU's future growth. Moreover, the EU economy remains vulnerable to a slowdown of global trade and bouts of political and financial turmoil. In June 2016, the UK voted to withdraw from the EU, the first member country ever to attempt to secede. Continued uncertainty about the implications of the UK's exit from the EU (concluded January 2020) could hurt consumer and investor confidence and dampen EU growth, particularly if trade and cross-border investment significantly declines. Political disagreements between EU member states on reforms to fiscal and economic policy also may impair the EU's ability to bolster its crisis-prevention and resolution mechanisms. International investors' fears of a broad dissolution of the single currency area have largely dissipated, but these concerns could resurface if elected leaders implement policies that contravene euro-zone budget or banking rules. State interventions in ailing banks, including rescue of banks in Italy and resolution of banks in Spain, have eased financial vulnerabilities in the European banking sector even though some banks are struggling with low profitability and a large stock of bad loans, fragilities that could precipitate localized crises. Externally, the EU has continued to pursue comprehensive free trade agreements to expand EU external market share, particularly with Asian countries; EU and Japanese leaders reached a political-level agreement on a free trade agreement in July 2017, and agreement with Mexico in April 2018 on updates to an existing free trade agreement." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$20.85 trillion (2017 est.) / $20.38 trillion (2016 est.) / $19.98 trillion (2015 est.)", + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "2.3% (2017 est.) / 2% (2016 est.) / 2.3% (2015 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.1% (2019 est.) / 1.7% (2018 est.) / 1.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AAA (2010)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aaa (2014)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA (2016)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$17.11 trillion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.3% (2017 est.) / 2% (2016 est.) / 2.3% (2015 est.)" - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$40,900 (2017 est.) / $39,400 (2016 est.) / $38,200 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" @@ -356,6 +369,17 @@ "Gross national saving": { "text": "22.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 22.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 22% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "25.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "70.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "54.4% (2016 est.)" @@ -376,16 +400,7 @@ "text": "-40.5% (2016 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "25.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "70.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, barley, oilseeds, sugar beets, wine, grapes; dairy products, cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry; fish" @@ -437,14 +452,11 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "NA" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.5% (2017 est.) / 1.1% (2016 est.)" - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$404.9 billion (2017 est.) / $359.7 billion (2016 est.)" }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.929 trillion (2016 est.) / $1.985 trillion (2015 est.)", + "text": "$7,102,345,000,000 (2019 est.) / $6,929,845,000,000 (2018 est.) / $6,690,764,000,000 (2017 est.)", "note": "note: external exports, excluding intra-EU trade" }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -454,7 +466,7 @@ "text": "machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, fuels, aircraft, plastics, iron and steel, wood pulp and paper products, alcoholic beverages, furniture" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.895 trillion (2016 est.) / $1.92 trillion (2015 est.)", + "text": "$6,649,513,000,000 (2019 est.) / $6,400,412,000,000 (2018 est.) / $6,177,446,000,000 (2017 est.)", "note": "note: external imports, excluding intra-EU trade" }, "Imports - commodities": { @@ -658,7 +670,7 @@ "text": "180 Central African Republic (EUTM); 600 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUTM); 700 Mali (EUTM); 200 Somalia (EUTM) (2020)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the current five-nation Eurocorps, formally established in 1992 and activated the following year, began in 1987 as a French-German Brigade; Belgium (1993), Spain (1994), and Luxembourg (1996) joined over the next few years; five additional countries participate in Eurocorps as associated nations: Greece, Poland, and Turkey (since 2002), Italy and Romania (joined in 2009 and 2016 respectively); Eurocorps consists of approximately 1,000 troops at its headquarters in Strasbourg, France and the 5,000-man Franco-German Brigade; Eurocorps has deployed troops and police on NATO peacekeeping missions to Bosnia-Herzegovina (1998-2000), Kosovo (2000), and Afghanistan (2004-05 and 2012); Eurocorps has been involved in EU operations to Mali (2015) and the Central African Republic (2016-17) (2019)" + "text": "the current five-nation Eurocorps, formally established in 1992 and activated the following year, began in 1987 as a French-German Brigade; Belgium (1993), Spain (1994), and Luxembourg (1996) joined over the next few years; five additional countries participate in Eurocorps as associated nations: Greece, Poland, and Turkey (since 2002), Italy and Romania (joined in 2009 and 2016 respectively); Eurocorps consists of approximately 1,000 troops at its headquarters in Strasbourg, France and the 5,000-man Franco-German Brigade (2020)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/ei.json b/europe/ei.json index ab71e3b5..b49e54dd 100644 --- a/europe/ei.json +++ b/europe/ei.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "1,390 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 121 + "country comparison to the world": 120 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than West Virginia" @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Irish 82.2%, Irish travelers 0.7%, other white 9.5%, Asian 2.1%, black 1.4%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.6% (2016 est.)" + "text": "Irish 82.2%, Irish travelers 0.7%, other White 9.5%, Asian 2.1%, Black 1.4%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.6% (2016 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "English (official, the language generally used), Irish (Gaelic or Gaeilge) (official, spoken by approximately 39.8% of the population as of 2016; mainly spoken in areas along Ireland's western coast known as gaeltachtai, which are officially recognized regions where Irish is the predominant language)" @@ -173,19 +173,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.04% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 101 + "country comparison to the world": 100 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "13 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 144 + "country comparison to the world": 143 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 134 + "country comparison to the world": 133 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "3.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 31 + "country comparison to the world": 30 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population distribution is weighted to the eastern side of the island, with the largest concentration being in and around Dublin; populations in the west are small due to mountainous land, poorer soil, lack of good transport routes, and fewer job opportunities" @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.94 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 125 + "country comparison to the world": 124 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "73.3% (2010)", @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 51 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.7% of GDP (2016)", + "text": "3.5% of GDP (2017)", "country comparison to the world": 117 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { @@ -504,30 +504,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Ireland is a small, modern, trade-dependent economy. It was among the initial group of 12 EU nations that began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002. GDP growth averaged 6% in 1995-2007, but economic activity dropped sharply during the world financial crisis and the subsequent collapse of its domestic property market and construction industry during 2008-11. Faced with sharply reduced revenues and a burgeoning budget deficit from efforts to stabilize its fragile banking sector, the Irish Government introduced the first in a series of draconian budgets in 2009. These measures were not sufficient to stabilize Ireland's public finances. In 2010, the budget deficit reached 32.4% of GDP - the world's largest deficit, as a percentage of GDP. In late 2010, the former COWEN government agreed to a $92 billion loan package from the EU and IMF to help Dublin recapitalize Ireland's banking sector and avoid defaulting on its sovereign debt. In March 2011, the KENNY government intensified austerity measures to meet the deficit targets under Ireland's EU-IMF bailout program. ++ In late 2013, Ireland formally exited its EU-IMF bailout program, benefiting from its strict adherence to deficit-reduction targets and success in refinancing a large amount of banking-related debt. In 2014, the economy rapidly picked up. In late 2014, the government introduced a fiscally neutral budget, marking the end of the austerity program. Continued growth of tax receipts has allowed the government to lower some taxes and increase public spending while keeping to its deficit-reduction targets. In 2015, GDP growth exceeded 26%. The magnitude of the increase reflected one-off statistical revisions, multinational corporate restructurings in intellectual property, and the aircraft leasing sector, rather than real gains in the domestic economy, which was still growing. Growth moderated to around 4.1% in 2017, but the recovering economy assisted lowering the deficit to 0.6% of GDP. ++ In the wake of the collapse of the construction sector and the downturn in consumer spending and business investment during the 2008-11 economic crisis, the export sector, dominated by foreign multinationals, has become an even more important component of Ireland's economy. Ireland's low corporation tax of 12.5% and a talented pool of high-tech laborers have been some of the key factors in encouraging business investment. Loose tax residency requirements made Ireland a common destination for international firms seeking to pay less tax or, in the case of U.S. multinationals, defer taxation owed to the United States. In 2014, amid growing international pressure, the Irish government announced it would phase in more stringent tax laws, effectively closing a commonly used loophole. The Irish economy continued to grow in 2017 and is forecast to do so through 2019, supported by a strong export sector, robust job growth, and low inflation, to the point that the Government must now address concerns about overheating and potential loss of competitiveness. The greatest risks to the economy are the UK's scheduled departure from the European Union (\"Brexit\") in March 2019, possible changes to international taxation policies that could affect Ireland's revenues, and global trade pressures." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$353.3 billion (2017 est.) / $329.5 billion (2016 est.) / $314.1 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 51 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "5.86% (2019 est.) / 9.42% (2018 est.) / 9.49% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 32 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.9% (2019 est.) / 0.4% (2018 est.) / 0.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 60 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "A+ (2017)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A2 (2017)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA- (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$352.569 billion (2019 est.) / $332.993 billion (2018 est.) / $304.691 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$331.5 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.86% (2019 est.) / 9.42% (2018 est.) / 9.49% (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 33 + "text": "$398.476 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$73,200 (2017 est.) / $69,100 (2016 est.) / $66,600 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 10 + "text": "$81,340 (2019 est.) / $77,841 (2018 est.) / $72,205 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 9 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "33.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / 33.7% of GDP (2016 est.) / 29% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 23 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "38.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "60.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "34% (2017 est.)" @@ -548,16 +573,8 @@ "text": "-89.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "38.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "60.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "94.4 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "barley, potatoes, wheat; beef, dairy products" @@ -586,7 +603,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4.98% (2019 est.) / 5.78% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 74 + "country comparison to the world": 75 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "8.2% (2013 est.)" @@ -623,17 +640,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.3% (2017 est.) / -0.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 20 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$44.954 billion (2019 est.) / $24.154 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$219.7 billion (2017 est.) / $206 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 25 + "text": "$541.789 billion (2019 est.) / $489.89 billion (2018 est.) / $440.693 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 15 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 27.1%, UK 13.4%, Belgium 11%, Germany 8.1%, Switzerland 5.1%, Netherlands 4.9%, France 4.3% (2017)" @@ -642,8 +655,8 @@ "text": "machinery and equipment, computers, chemicals, medical devices, pharmaceuticals; foodstuffs, animal products" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$98.13 billion (2017 est.) / $92.09 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 34 + "text": "$489.957 billion (2019 est.) / $371.221 billion (2018 est.) / $359.725 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 15 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "data processing equipment, other machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum and petroleum products, textiles, clothing" @@ -660,7 +673,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 8 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -691,7 +704,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "65% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 117 + "country comparison to the world": 116 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index d8b24712..7b463481 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "2,840 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes 1,520 islands in the Baltic Sea", - "country comparison to the world": 133 + "country comparison to the world": 132 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about twice the size of New Jersey" @@ -174,11 +174,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.65% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 229 + "country comparison to the world": 228 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "9.3 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Death rate": { "text": "12.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-3.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 177 + "country comparison to the world": 176 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations" @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "country comparison to the world": 192 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.61 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 183 + "country comparison to the world": 182 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -309,8 +309,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 92 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.2% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 54 + "text": "5% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 59 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -525,30 +525,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Estonia, a member of the EU since 2004 and the euro zone since 2011, has a modern market-based economy and one of the higher per capita income levels in Central Europe and the Baltic region, but its economy is highly dependent on trade, leaving it vulnerable to external shocks. Estonia's successive governments have pursued a free market, pro-business economic agenda, and sound fiscal policies that have resulted in balanced budgets and the lowest debt-to-GDP ratio in the EU. ++ The economy benefits from strong electronics and telecommunications sectors and strong trade ties with Finland, Sweden, Germany, and Russia. The economy's 4.9% GDP growth in 2017 was the fastest in the past six years, leaving the Estonian economy in its best position since the financial crisis 10 years ago. For the first time in many years, labor productivity increased faster than labor costs in 2017. Inflation also rose in 2017 to 3.5% alongside increased global prices for food and energy, which make up a large share of Estonia's consumption. ++ Estonia is challenged by a shortage of labor, both skilled and unskilled, although the government has amended its immigration law to allow easier hiring of highly qualified foreign workers, and wage growth that outpaces productivity gains. The government is also pursuing efforts to boost productivity growth with a focus on innovations that emphasize technology start-ups and e-commerce." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$41.65 billion (2017 est.) / $39.72 billion (2016 est.) / $38.92 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 116 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$25.97 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "5% (2019 est.) / 4.36% (2018 est.) / 5.51% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 48 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.2% (2019 est.) / 3.4% (2018 est.) / 3.4% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 119 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AA- (2018)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A1 (2002)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA- (2011)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$48.439 billion (2019 est.) / $46.134 billion (2018 est.) / $44.209 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$31.461 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$31,700 (2017 est.) / $30,200 (2016 est.) / $29,600 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 64 + "text": "$20,897 (2019 est.) / $19,944 (2018 est.) / $19,162 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 71 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "27% of GDP (2017 est.) / 24.6% of GDP (2016 est.) / 25.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 44 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "29.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "68.1% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "50.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -569,16 +594,8 @@ "text": "-74% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "29.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "68.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "80.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grain, potatoes, vegetables; livestock and dairy products; fish" @@ -607,7 +624,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4.94% (2019 est.) / 4.73% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 73 + "country comparison to the world": 74 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "21.1% (2016 est.)" @@ -644,17 +661,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.7% (2017 est.) / 0.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 145 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$616 million (2019 est.) / $280 million (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 53 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$13.44 billion (2017 est.) / $12.36 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 79 + "text": "$23.95 billion (2019 est.) / $22.546 billion (2018 est.) / $21.677 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 74 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Finland 16.2%, Sweden 13.5%, Latvia 9.2%, Russia 7.3%, Germany 6.9%, Lithuania 5.9% (2017)" @@ -663,8 +676,8 @@ "text": "machinery and electrical equipment 30%, food products and beverages 9%, mineral fuels 6%, wood and wood products 14%, articles of base metals 7%, furniture and bedding 11%, vehicles and parts 3%, chemicals 4% (2016 est.)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$14.42 billion (2017 est.) / $13.23 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 90 + "text": "$23.323 billion (2019 est.) / $22.485 billion (2018 est.) / $21.273 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 77 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and electrical equipment 28%, mineral fuels 11%, food and food products 10%, vehicles 9%, chemical products 8%, metals 8% (2015 est.)" @@ -681,7 +694,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 93 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.92 (2017 est.) / 0.9 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -712,7 +725,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "72% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 103 + "country comparison to the world": 102 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index f4d65a07..80371a8e 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "1,620 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 117 + "country comparison to the world": 116 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than South Carolina" @@ -168,11 +168,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.06% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 188 + "country comparison to the world": 187 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Death rate": { "text": "10.7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 43 + "country comparison to the world": 42 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations" @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ "female": { "text": "2.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "country comparison to the world": 217 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.48 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -294,8 +294,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 46 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.6% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 36 + "text": "3.9% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 100 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -508,30 +508,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Czechia is a prosperous market economy that boasts one of the highest GDP growth rates and lowest unemployment levels in the EU, but its dependence on exports makes economic growth vulnerable to contractions in external demand. Czechia's exports comprise some 80% of GDP and largely consist of automobiles, the country's single largest industry. Czechia acceded to the EU in 2004 but has yet to join the euro-zone. While the flexible koruna helps Czechia weather external shocks, it was one of the world's strongest performing currencies in 2017, appreciating approximately 16% relative to the US dollar after the central bank (Czech National Bank - CNB) ended its cap on the currency's value in early April 2017, which it had maintained since November 2013. The CNB hiked rates in August and November 2017 - the first rate changes in nine years - to address rising inflationary pressures brought by strong economic growth and a tight labor market. ++ Since coming to power in 2014, the new government has undertaken some reforms to try to reduce corruption, attract investment, and improve social welfare programs, which could help increase the government's revenues and improve living conditions for Czechs. The government introduced in December 2016 an online tax reporting system intended to reduce tax evasion and increase revenues. The government also plans to remove labor market rigidities to improve the business climate, bring procurement procedures in line with EU best practices, and boost wages. The country's low unemployment rate has led to steady increases in salaries, and the government is facing pressure from businesses to allow greater migration of qualified workers, at least from Ukraine and neighboring Central European countries. ++ Long-term challenges include dealing with a rapidly aging population, a shortage of skilled workers, a lagging education system, funding an unsustainable pension and health care system, and diversifying away from manufacturing and toward a more high-tech, services-based, knowledge economy." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$375.9 billion (2017 est.) / $360.5 billion (2016 est.) / $351.9 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 49 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$215.8 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.27% (2019 est.) / 3.18% (2018 est.) / 5.35% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 124 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.8% (2019 est.) / 2.1% (2018 est.) / 2.4% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 140 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AA- (2018)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aa3 (2019)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA- (2011)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$385.685 billion (2019 est.) / $377.134 billion (2018 est.) / $365.566 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$250.631 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$35,500 (2017 est.) / $34,200 (2016 est.) / $33,400 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 57 + "text": "$25,816 (2019 est.) / $25,300 (2018 est.) / $24,581 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 61 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "26.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 27.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 28.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 45 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "36.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "60.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "47.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -552,16 +577,8 @@ "text": "-72.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "36.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "60.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "76.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, poultry" @@ -590,7 +607,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "2.8% (2019 est.) / 3.18% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 32 + "country comparison to the world": 33 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "9.7% (2015 est.)" @@ -626,17 +643,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.4% (2017 est.) / 0.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 118 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$678 million (2019 est.) / $1.259 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 130 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$144.8 billion (2017 est.) / $131.1 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 33 + "text": "$229.578 billion (2019 est.) / $226.887 billion (2018 est.) / $218.794 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 32 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 32.8%, Slovakia 7.8%, Poland 6.1%, France 5.1%, UK 4.9%, Austria 4.4%, Italy 4.1% (2017)" @@ -645,8 +658,8 @@ "text": "machinery and transport equipment, raw materials, fuel, chemicals" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$134.7 billion (2017 est.) / $120.5 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 32 + "text": "$211.922 billion (2019 est.) / $209.225 billion (2018 est.) / $197.808 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 33 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, raw materials and fuels, chemicals" @@ -663,7 +676,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 35 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "koruny (CZK) per US dollar - / 23.34 (2017 est.) / 24.44 (2016 est.) / 24.44 (2015 est.) / 24.599 (2014 est.) / 20.758 (2013 est.)" + "text": "koruny (CZK) per US dollar - / 21.76636 (2020 est.) / 23.0629 (2019 est.) / 22.71439 (2018 est.) / 24.599 (2014 est.) / 20.758 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -694,7 +707,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "60% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 131 + "country comparison to the world": 130 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "19% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/fi.json b/europe/fi.json index c983e5ed..241dbac3 100644 --- a/europe/fi.json +++ b/europe/fi.json @@ -179,11 +179,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.3% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 171 + "country comparison to the world": 170 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "10.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 186 + "country comparison to the world": 185 }, "Death rate": { "text": "10.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "2.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 40 + "country comparison to the world": 39 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the vast majority of people are found in the south; the northern interior areas remain sparsely poplulated" @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ "female": { "text": "2.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 222 + "country comparison to the world": 221 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.74 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 163 + "country comparison to the world": 162 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "85.5% (2015)", @@ -310,8 +310,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 80 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.9% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 14 + "text": "6.4% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 21 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -509,30 +509,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy with per capita GDP almost as high as that of Austria and the Netherlands and slightly above that of Germany and Belgium. Trade is important, with exports accounting for over one-third of GDP in recent years. The government is open to, and actively takes steps to attract, foreign direct investment. ++ Finland is historically competitive in manufacturing, particularly in the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Finland excels in export of technology as well as promotion of startups in the information and communications technology, gaming, cleantech, and biotechnology sectors. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the cold climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export industry, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. ++ Finland had been one of the best performing economies within the EU before 2009 and its banks and financial markets avoided the worst of global financial crisis. However, the world slowdown hit exports and domestic demand hard in that year, causing Finland's economy to contract from 2012 to 2014. The recession affected general government finances and the debt ratio. The economy returned to growth in 2016, posting a 1.9% GDP increase before growing an estimated 3.3% in 2017, supported by a strong increase in investment, private consumption, and net exports. Finnish economists expect GDP to grow a rate of 2-3% in the next few years. ++ Finland's main challenges will be reducing high labor costs and boosting demand for its exports. In June 2016, the government enacted a Competitiveness Pact aimed at reducing labor costs, increasing hours worked, and introducing more flexibility into the wage bargaining system. As a result, wage growth was nearly flat in 2017. The Government was also seeking to reform the health care system and social services. In the long term, Finland must address a rapidly aging population and decreasing productivity in traditional industries that threaten competitiveness, fiscal sustainability, and economic growth." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$244.9 billion (2017 est.) / $238.2 billion (2016 est.) / $232.4 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 62 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$252.8 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.15% (2019 est.) / 1.52% (2018 est.) / 3.27% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 168 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1% (2019 est.) / 1% (2018 est.) / 0.7% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 65 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AA+ (2016)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aa1 (2016)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA+ (2014)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$228.788 billion (2019 est.) / $226.201 billion (2018 est.) / $222.827 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$269.259 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$44,500 (2017 est.) / $43,400 (2016 est.) / $42,500 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 38 + "text": "$49,380 (2019 est.) / $48,906 (2018 est.) / $48,274 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 31 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "23.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 21.7% of GDP (2016 est.) / 20% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 73 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "28.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "69.1% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "54.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -553,16 +578,8 @@ "text": "-38.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "28.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "69.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "80.2 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish" @@ -591,7 +608,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "6.63% (2019 est.) / 7.38% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 105 + "country comparison to the world": 106 }, "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { "lowest 10%": { @@ -626,17 +643,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.8% (2017 est.) / 0.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 41 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$603 million (2019 est.) / -$4.908 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 127 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$67.73 billion (2017 est.) / $51.9 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 43 + "text": "$119.887 billion (2019 est.) / $111.339 billion (2018 est.) / $109.513 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 41 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 14.2%, Sweden 10.1%, US 7%, Netherlands 6.8%, China 5.7%, Russia 5.7%, UK 4.5% (2017)" @@ -645,8 +658,8 @@ "text": "electrical and optical equipment, machinery, transport equipment, paper and pulp, chemicals, basic metals; timber" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$65.26 billion (2017 est.) / $58.18 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 47 + "text": "$120.437 billion (2019 est.) / $116.628 billion (2018 est.) / $110.701 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 41 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, computers, electronic industry products, textile yarn and fabrics, grains" @@ -663,7 +676,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 42 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -694,7 +707,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "41% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 165 + "country comparison to the world": 164 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "17% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/fo.json b/europe/fo.json index 9484c423..d23d3981 100644 --- a/europe/fo.json +++ b/europe/fo.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km (some lakes and streams)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 183 + "country comparison to the world": 182 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "eight times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "51,628 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -150,11 +150,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.6% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 150 + "country comparison to the world": 149 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "14.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 119 + "country comparison to the world": 118 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 82 + "country comparison to the world": 81 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the island of Streymoy is by far the most populous with over 40% of the population; it has approximately twice as many inhabitants as Eysturoy, the second most populous island; seven of the inhabited islands have fewer than 100 people" @@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ "female": { "text": "4.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 176 + "country comparison to the world": 175 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.31 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 82 + "country comparison to the world": 81 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -392,28 +392,42 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The Faroese economy has experienced a period of significant growth since 2011, due to higher fish prices and increased salmon farming and catches in the pelagic fisheries. Fishing has been the main source of income for the Faroe Islands since the late 19th century, but dependence on fishing makes the economy vulnerable to price fluctuations. Nominal GDP, measured in current prices, grew 5.6% in 2015 and 6.8% in 2016. GDP growth was forecast at 6.2% in 2017, slowing to 0.5% in 2018, due to lower fisheries quotas, higher oil prices and fewer farmed salmon combined with lower salmon prices. The fisheries sector accounts for about 97% of exports, and half of GDP. Unemployment is low, estimated at 2.1% in early 2018. Aided by an annual subsidy from Denmark, which amounts to about 11% of Faroese GDP , Faroese have a standard of living equal to that of Denmark. The Faroe Islands have bilateral free trade agreements with the EU, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and Turkey. ++ For the first time in 8 years, the Faroe Islands managed to generate a public budget surplus in 2016, a trend which continued in 2017. The local government intends to use this to reduce public debt, which reached 38% of GDP in 2015. A fiscal sustainability analysis of the Faroese economy shows that a long-term tightening of fiscal policy of 5% of GDP is required for fiscal sustainability. ++ Increasing public infrastructure investments are likely to lead to continued growth in the short term, and the Faroese economy is becoming somewhat more diversified. Growing industries include financial services, petroleum-related businesses, shipping, maritime manufacturing services, civil aviation, IT, telecommunications, and tourism." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.001 billion (2014 est.) / $1.89 billion (2013 est.) / $1.608 billion (2012 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "5.9% (2017 est.) / 7.5% (2016 est.) / 2.4% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 30 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-0.3% (2016) / -1.7% (2015)", + "country comparison to the world": 15 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$2.001 billion (2014 est.) / $1.89 billion (2013 est.) / $1.608 billion (2012 est.)" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$2.765 billion (2014 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.9% (2017 est.) / 7.5% (2016 est.) / 2.4% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 31 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$40,000 (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 45 + "country comparison to the world": 40 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "25.7% of GDP (2012 est.) / 25.2% of GDP (2011 est.) / 25.9% of GDP (2010 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 53 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "18% (2013 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "39% (2013 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "43% (2013 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "52% (2013)" @@ -425,16 +439,7 @@ "text": "18.4% (2013)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "18% (2013 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "39% (2013 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "43% (2013 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "milk, potatoes, vegetables, sheep, salmon, herring, mackerel and other fish" @@ -448,7 +453,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "27,540 (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -463,7 +468,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "2.2% (2017 est.) / 3.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 21 + "country comparison to the world": 22 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "10% (2015 est.)" @@ -500,10 +505,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.3% (2016) / -1.7% (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 8 - }, "Exports": { "text": "$1.184 billion (2016 est.) / $1.019 billion (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 153 @@ -516,7 +517,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$978.4 million (2016 est.) / $906.1 million (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 186 + "country comparison to the world": 187 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "goods for household consumption, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials and semi-manufactures, cars" @@ -560,7 +561,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "54% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 142 + "country comparison to the world": 141 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -701,7 +702,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "1 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 220 + "country comparison to the world": 219 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/europe/fr.json b/europe/fr.json index 1c922604..62ce226f 100644 --- a/europe/fr.json +++ b/europe/fr.json @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ }, "Ethnic groups": { "text": "Celtic and Latin with Teutonic, Slavic, North African, Indochinese, Basque minorities", - "note": "note: overseas departments: black, white, mulatto, East Indian, Chinese, Amerindian" + "note": "note: overseas departments: Black, White, Mulatto, East Indian, Chinese, Amerindian" }, "Languages": { "text": "French (official) 100%, declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish, Occitan, Picard)", @@ -190,11 +190,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.35% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 169 + "country comparison to the world": 168 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 165 + "country comparison to the world": 164 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 59 + "country comparison to the world": 58 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "much of the population is concentrated in the north and southeast; although there are many urban agglomerations throughout the country, Paris is by far the largest city, with Lyon ranked a distant second" @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ "female": { "text": "2.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.06 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 104 + "country comparison to the world": 103 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "78.4% (2010/11)" @@ -316,15 +316,15 @@ "text": "<500 (2019 est.)" }, "Major infectious diseases": { - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout France; as of 10 November 2020, France has reported a total of 1,714,361 cases of COVID-19 or 26,264 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 610 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout France; as of 8 December 2020, France has reported a total of 2,241,830 cases of COVID-19 or 34,345 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 837 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "21.6% (2016)", "country comparison to the world": 87 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.4% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 42 + "text": "5.5% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 34 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -535,30 +535,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The French economy is diversified across all sectors. The government has partially or fully privatized many large companies, including Air France, France Telecom, Renault, and Thales. However, the government maintains a strong presence in some sectors, particularly power, public transport, and defense industries. France is the most visited country in the world with 89 million foreign tourists in 2017. France's leaders remain committed to a capitalism in which they maintain social equity by means of laws, tax policies, and social spending that mitigate economic inequality. ++ France's real GDP grew by 1.9% in 2017, up from 1.2% the year before. The unemployment rate (including overseas territories) increased from 7.8% in 2008 to 10.2% in 2015, before falling to 9.0% in 2017. Youth unemployment in metropolitan France decreased from 24.6% in the fourth quarter of 2014 to 20.6% in the fourth quarter of 2017. ++ France's public finances have historically been strained by high spending and low growth. In 2017, the budget deficit improved to 2.7% of GDP, bringing it in compliance with the EU-mandated 3% deficit target. Meanwhile, France's public debt rose from 89.5% of GDP in 2012 to 97% in 2017. ++ Since entering office in May 2017, President Emmanuel MACRON launched a series of economic reforms to improve competitiveness and boost economic growth. President MACRON campaigned on reforming France's labor code and in late 2017 implemented a range of reforms to increase flexibility in the labor market by making it easier for firms to hire and fire and simplifying negotiations between employers and employees. In addition to labor reforms, President MACRON's 2018 budget cuts public spending, taxes, and social security contributions to spur private investment and increase purchasing power. The government plans to gradually reduce corporate tax rate for businesses from 33.3% to 25% by 2022." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.856 trillion (2017 est.) / $2.791 trillion (2016 est.) / $2.761 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 10 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.588 trillion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.49% (2019 est.) / 1.81% (2018 est.) / 2.42% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 155 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.1% (2019 est.) / 1.8% (2018 est.) / 1% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 72 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AA (2014)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aa2 (2015)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA (2013)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$2,720,926,000,000 (2019 est.) / $2,681,052,000,000 (2018 est.) / $2,633,469,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2,715,574,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$44,100 (2017 est.) / $43,200 (2016 est.) / $42,900 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 40 + "text": "$45,739 (2019 est.) / $45,165 (2018 est.) / $44,465 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 36 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "22.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 21.9% of GDP (2016 est.) / 22.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 77 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "19.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "78.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "54.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -579,16 +604,8 @@ "text": "-32% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "19.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "78.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "76.8 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes; beef, dairy products; fish" @@ -618,7 +635,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "8.12% (2019 est.) / 8.69% (2018 est.)", "note": "note: includes overseas territories", - "country comparison to the world": 128 + "country comparison to the world": 129 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "14.2% (2015 est.)" @@ -655,17 +672,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.2% (2017 est.) / 0.3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 64 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$18.102 billion (2019 est.) / -$16.02 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$549.9 billion (2017 est.) / $507 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 7 + "text": "$969.077 billion (2019 est.) / $952.316 billion (2018 est.) / $910.613 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 5 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 14.8%, Spain 7.7%, Italy 7.5%, US 7.2%, Belgium 7%, UK 6.7% (2017)" @@ -674,8 +687,8 @@ "text": "machinery and transportation equipment, aircraft, plastics, chemicals, pharmaceutical products, iron and steel, beverages" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$601.7 billion (2017 est.) / $536.7 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 7 + "text": "$1,021,633,000,000 (2019 est.) / $995.937 billion (2018 est.) / $965.949 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 5 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, vehicles, crude oil, aircraft, plastics, chemicals" @@ -692,7 +705,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 3 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -723,7 +736,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "17% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "50% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/gi.json b/europe/gi.json index 71ec3fa0..0cf0e36a 100644 --- a/europe/gi.json +++ b/europe/gi.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 245 + "country comparison to the world": 244 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "more than 10 times the size of The National Mall in Washington, D.C." @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "29,581 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "country comparison to the world": 217 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -143,11 +143,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.2% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 180 + "country comparison to the world": 179 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "13.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 136 + "country comparison to the world": 135 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-3.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 180 + "country comparison to the world": 179 }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { @@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ "female": { "text": "5 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 168 + "country comparison to the world": 167 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.9 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 129 + "country comparison to the world": 128 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -372,20 +372,23 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Self-sufficient Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. Tax rates are low to attract foreign investment. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 7% to the local economy, compared with 60% in 1984. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment. ++ The financial sector, tourism (over 11 million visitors in 2012), gaming revenues, shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. The financial sector, tourism, and the shipping sector contribute 30%, 30%, and 25%, respectively, of GDP. Telecommunications, e-commerce, and e-gaming account for the remaining 15%." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.5% (2013 est.) / 2.2% (2012 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 128 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$2.044 billion (2014 est.) / $1.85 billion (2013 est.) / $2 billion (2012 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2014 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "note": "note: data are in 2014 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$2.044 billion (2014 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$61,700 (2014 est.) / $43,000 (2008 est.) / $41,200 (2007 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 18 + "country comparison to the world": 17 }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -398,6 +401,8 @@ "text": "100% (2016 est.)" } }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "none" }, @@ -409,7 +414,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "24,420 (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -460,13 +465,9 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.5% (2013 est.) / 2.2% (2012 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 123 - }, "Exports": { "text": "$202.3 million (2014 est.) / $271 million (2004 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 189 + "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Spain 27.1%, Germany 20.4%, Netherlands 10.8%, Poland 8.6%, France 6.6%, Italy 5.7%, Cote dIvoire 4.5% (2017)" @@ -476,7 +477,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$2.967 billion (2004 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 148 + "country comparison to the world": 154 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "fuels, manufactured goods, foodstuffs" @@ -515,7 +516,7 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "43,000 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", @@ -651,7 +652,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "1 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 223 + "country comparison to the world": 222 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/europe/gk.json b/europe/gk.json index 09a2172f..78427946 100644 --- a/europe/gk.json +++ b/europe/gk.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes Alderney, Guernsey, Herm, Sark, and some other smaller islands", - "country comparison to the world": 228 + "country comparison to the world": 227 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about one-half the size of Washington, DC" @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "67,052 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -143,11 +143,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.26% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 176 + "country comparison to the world": 175 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "9.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "country comparison to the world": 192 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 49 + "country comparison to the world": 48 }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { @@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.57 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 192 + "country comparison to the world": 191 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -382,24 +382,27 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Financial services accounted for about 21% of employment and about 32% of total income in 2016 in this tiny, prosperous Channel Island economy. Construction, manufacturing, and horticulture, mainly tomatoes and cut flowers, have been declining. Financial services, professional services, tourism, retail, and the public sector have been growing. Light tax and death duties make Guernsey a popular offshore financial center." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "0.4% (2015 est.) / 1.2% (2014 est.) / 4.2% (2012 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 187 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "3.4% (June 2006 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 153 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$3.465 billion (2015 est.) / $3.451 billion (2014 est.) / $3.42 billion (2013 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2015 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 184 + "note": "note: data are in 2015 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$2.742 billion (2005 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "0.4% (2015 est.) / 1.2% (2014 est.) / 4.2% (2012 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 187 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$52,500 (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 24 + "country comparison to the world": 26 }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -412,6 +415,8 @@ "text": "87% (2000)" } }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "tomatoes, greenhouse flowers, sweet peppers, eggplant, fruit; Guernsey cattle" }, @@ -423,7 +428,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "31,470 (March 2006)", - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "1.2% (2016 est.)", @@ -459,10 +464,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.4% (June 2006 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 141 - }, "Exports": { "note": "NA" }, @@ -547,7 +548,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "2 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index 5620bea2..d6e6894b 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -178,11 +178,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.19% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Death rate": { "text": "12.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 54 + "country comparison to the world": 53 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia" @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.47 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "80.3% (2011)", @@ -313,8 +313,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 130 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 72 + "text": "4.9% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 64 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -518,30 +518,56 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The German economy - the fifth largest economy in the world in PPP terms and Europe's largest - is a leading exporter of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, and household equipment. Germany benefits from a highly skilled labor force, but, like its Western European neighbors, faces significant demographic challenges to sustained long-term growth. Low fertility rates and a large increase in net immigration are increasing pressure on the country's social welfare system and necessitate structural reforms. ++ Reforms launched by the government of Chancellor Gerhard SCHROEDER (1998-2005), deemed necessary to address chronically high unemployment and low average growth, contributed to strong economic growth and falling unemployment. These advances, as well as a government subsidized, reduced working hour scheme, help explain the relatively modest increase in unemployment during the 2008-09 recession - the deepest since World War II. The German Government introduced a minimum wage in 2015 that increased to $9.79 (8.84 euros) in January 2017. ++ Stimulus and stabilization efforts initiated in 2008 and 2009 and tax cuts introduced in Chancellor Angela MERKEL's second term increased Germany's total budget deficit - including federal, state, and municipal - to 4.1% in 2010, but slower spending and higher tax revenues reduced the deficit to 0.8% in 2011 and in 2017 Germany reached a budget surplus of 0.7%. A constitutional amendment approved in 2009 limits the federal government to structural deficits of no more than 0.35% of GDP per annum as of 2016, though the target was already reached in 2012. ++ Following the March 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, Chancellor Angela MERKEL announced in May 2011 that eight of the country's 17 nuclear reactors would be shut down immediately and the remaining plants would close by 2022. Germany plans to replace nuclear power largely with renewable energy, which accounted for 29.5% of gross electricity consumption in 2016, up from 9% in 2000. Before the shutdown of the eight reactors, Germany relied on nuclear power for 23% of its electricity generating capacity and 46% of its base-load electricity production. ++ The German economy suffers from low levels of investment, and a government plan to invest 15 billion euros during 2016-18, largely in infrastructure, is intended to spur needed private investment. Domestic consumption, investment, and exports are likely to drive German GDP growth in 2018, and the country's budget and trade surpluses are likely to remain high." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$4.199 trillion (2017 est.) / $4.099 trillion (2016 est.) / $4.012 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 5 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$3.701 trillion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "0.59% (2019 est.) / 1.3% (2018 est.) / 2.91% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 184 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.4% (2019 est.) / 1.7% (2018 est.) / 1.5% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 86 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AAA (1994)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aaa (1986)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AAA (1983)" + }, + "note": "Credit ratings prior to 1989 refer to West Germany." + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$4,024,396,000,000 (2019 est.) / $4,000,792,000,000 (2018 est.) / $3,949,635,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$3,860,923,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$50,800 (2017 est.) / $49,800 (2016 est.) / $49,100 (2015 est.)", + "text": "$50,800 (2017 est.) / $47,439 (2017 est.) / $49,800 (2016 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 27 + "country comparison to the world": 28 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "28% of GDP (2017 est.) / 28.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 28.1% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 40 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "30.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "68.6% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "53.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -562,16 +588,8 @@ "text": "-39.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "30.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "68.6% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "79.7 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages; milk products; cattle, pigs, poultry" @@ -600,7 +618,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4.98% (2019 est.) / 5.19% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 75 + "country comparison to the world": 76 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "16.7% (2015 est.)" @@ -637,16 +655,12 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.7% (2017 est.) / 0.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 92 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$280.238 billion (2019 est.) / $297.434 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 1 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.434 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.322 trillion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$2,004,158,000,000 (2019 est.) / $1,984,745,000,000 (2018 est.) / $1,937,273,000,000 (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 3 }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -656,7 +670,7 @@ "text": "motor vehicles, machinery, chemicals, computer and electronic products, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, metals, transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, rubber and plastic products" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$1.135 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.022 trillion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$1,804,453,000,000 (2019 est.) / $1,759,299,000,000 (2018 est.) / $1,695,300,000,000 (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 3 }, "Imports - commodities": { @@ -674,7 +688,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 4 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -705,7 +719,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "41% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 166 + "country comparison to the world": 165 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "5% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/gr.json b/europe/gr.json index ec86bdaf..1e640f99 100644 --- a/europe/gr.json +++ b/europe/gr.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "1,310 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 98 + "country comparison to the world": 97 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Alabama" @@ -175,11 +175,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.31% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 220 + "country comparison to the world": 219 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "7.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 225 + "country comparison to the world": 224 }, "Death rate": { "text": "12 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 61 + "country comparison to the world": 60 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "one-third of the population lives in and around metropolitan Athens; the remainder of the country has moderate population density mixed with sizeable urban clusters" @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.38 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -524,30 +524,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Greece has a capitalist economy with a public sector accounting for about 40% of GDP and with per capita GDP about two-thirds that of the leading euro-zone economies. Tourism provides 18% of GDP. Immigrants make up nearly one-fifth of the work force, mainly in agricultural and unskilled jobs. Greece is a major beneficiary of EU aid, equal to about 3.3% of annual GDP. ++ The Greek economy averaged growth of about 4% per year between 2003 and 2007, but the economy went into recession in 2009 as a result of the world financial crisis, tightening credit conditions, and Athens' failure to address a growing budget deficit. By 2013, the economy had contracted 26%, compared with the pre-crisis level of 2007. Greece met the EU's Growth and Stability Pact budget deficit criterion of no more than 3% of GDP in 2007-08, but violated it in 2009, when the deficit reached 15% of GDP. Deteriorating public finances, inaccurate and misreported statistics, and consistent underperformance on reforms prompted major credit rating agencies to downgrade Greece's international debt rating in late 2009 and led the country into a financial crisis. Under intense pressure from the EU and international market participants, the government accepted a bailout program that called on Athens to cut government spending, decrease tax evasion, overhaul the civil-service, health-care, and pension systems, and reform the labor and product markets. Austerity measures reduced the deficit to 1.3% in 2017. Successive Greek governments, however, failed to push through many of the most unpopular reforms in the face of widespread political opposition, including from the country's powerful labor unions and the general public. ++ In April 2010, a leading credit agency assigned Greek debt its lowest possible credit rating, and in May 2010, the IMF and euro-zone governments provided Greece emergency short- and medium-term loans worth $147 billion so that the country could make debt repayments to creditors. Greece, however, struggled to meet the targets set by the EU and the IMF, especially after Eurostat - the EU's statistical office - revised upward Greece's deficit and debt numbers for 2009 and 2010. European leaders and the IMF agreed in October 2011 to provide Athens a second bailout package of $169 billion. The second deal called for holders of Greek government bonds to write down a significant portion of their holdings to try to alleviate Greece's government debt burden. However, Greek banks, saddled with a significant portion of sovereign debt, were adversely affected by the write down and $60 billion of the second bailout package was set aside to ensure the banking system was adequately capitalized. ++ In 2014, the Greek economy began to turn the corner on the recession. Greece achieved three significant milestones: balancing the budget - not including debt repayments; issuing government debt in financial markets for the first time since 2010; and generating 0.7% GDP growth — the first economic expansion since 2007. ++ Despite the nascent recovery, widespread discontent with austerity measures helped propel the far-left Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA) party into government in national legislative elections in January 2015. Between January and July 2015, frustrations grew between the SYRIZA-led government and Greece's EU and IMF creditors over the implementation of bailout measures and disbursement of funds. The Greek government began running up significant arrears to suppliers, while Greek banks relied on emergency lending, and Greece's future in the euro zone was called into question. To stave off a collapse of the banking system, Greece imposed capital controls in June 2015, then became the first developed nation to miss a loan payment to the IMF, rattling international financial markets. Unable to reach an agreement with creditors, Prime Minister Alexios TSIPRAS held a nationwide referendum on 5 July on whether to accept the terms of Greece's bailout, campaigning for the ultimately successful \"no\" vote. The TSIPRAS government subsequently agreed, however, to a new $96 billion bailout in order to avert Greece's exit from the monetary bloc. On 20 August 2015, Greece signed its third bailout, allowing it to cover significant debt payments to its EU and IMF creditors and to ensure the banking sector retained access to emergency liquidity. The TSIPRAS government — which retook office on 20 September 2015 after calling new elections in late August — successfully secured disbursal of two delayed tranches of bailout funds. Despite the economic turmoil, Greek GDP did not contract as sharply as feared, boosted in part by a strong tourist season. ++ In 2017, Greece saw improvements in GDP and unemployment. Unfinished economic reforms, a massive non-performing loan problem, and ongoing uncertainty regarding the political direction of the country hold the economy back. Some estimates put Greece's black market at 20- to 25% of GDP, as more people have stopped reporting their income to avoid paying taxes that, in some cases, have risen to 70% of an individual's gross income." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$299.3 billion (2017 est.) / $295.3 billion (2016 est.) / $296 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 56 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$200.7 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.87% (2019 est.) / 1.91% (2018 est.) / 1.44% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 145 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.2% (2019 est.) / 0.6% (2018 est.) / 1.1% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 28 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba3 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BB- (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$269.002 billion (2019 est.) / $264.069 billion (2018 est.) / $259.117 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$209.79 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$27,800 (2017 est.) / $27,400 (2016 est.) / $27,300 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 75 + "text": "$24,588 (2019 est.) / $24,025 (2018 est.) / $23,470 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 63 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "10.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 9.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 9.6% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 159 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "4.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "16.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "79.1% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "69.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -568,16 +593,8 @@ "text": "-34.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "4.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "16.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "79.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "68.4 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, olives, tomatoes, wine, tobacco, potatoes; beef, dairy products" @@ -606,7 +623,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "17.3% (2019 est.) / 19.34% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 182 + "country comparison to the world": 183 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "36% (2014 est.)" @@ -642,17 +659,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.1% (2017 est.) / 0% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 59 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$3.114 billion (2019 est.) / -$6.245 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 175 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$31.54 billion (2017 est.) / $27.1 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 63 + "text": "$92.925 billion (2019 est.) / $88.511 billion (2018 est.) / $81.196 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 48 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Italy 10.6%, Germany 7.1%, Turkey 6.8%, Cyprus 6.5%, Bulgaria 4.9%, Lebanon 4.3% (2017)" @@ -661,8 +674,8 @@ "text": "food and beverages, manufactured goods, petroleum products, chemicals, textiles" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$52.27 billion (2017 est.) / $45.45 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 52 + "text": "$94.597 billion (2019 est.) / $91.798 billion (2018 est.) / $85.092 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 48 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, transport equipment, fuels, chemicals" @@ -679,7 +692,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 23 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -710,7 +723,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "57% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 137 + "country comparison to the world": 136 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -966,7 +979,7 @@ }, "Terrorism": { "Terrorist group(s)": { - "text": "Revolutionary Struggle (2019)", + "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Revolutionary Struggle (2019)", "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T" } }, @@ -981,7 +994,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "4,734 (2019)" }, - "note": "note: 1,203,437 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2020); as of the end of December 2019, an estimated 112,300 migrants and refugees were stranded in Greece since 2015-16; 50,215 migrant arrivals in 2018" + "note": "note: 1,204,745 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2020); as of the end of December 2019, an estimated 112,300 migrants and refugees were stranded in Greece since 2015-16; 50,215 migrant arrivals in 2018" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime" diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index 3e447681..4c83bd51 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "620 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 128 + "country comparison to the world": 127 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than West Virginia" @@ -174,11 +174,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.5% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 225 + "country comparison to the world": 224 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Death rate": { "text": "12.8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 143 + "country comparison to the world": 142 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "more of the population lives in the northern half of the country, with approximately a quarter of the populace residing in and around the capital of Zagreb; many of the islands are sparsely populated" @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ "female": { "text": "8.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 145 + "country comparison to the world": 144 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.42 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -308,8 +308,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 59 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.6% of GDP (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 83 + "text": "3.9% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 99 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -526,30 +526,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Though still one of the wealthiest of the former Yugoslav republics, Croatia's economy suffered badly during the 1991-95 war. The country's output during that time collapsed, and Croatia missed the early waves of investment in Central and Eastern Europe that followed the fall of the Berlin Wall. Between 2000 and 2007, however, Croatia's economic fortunes began to improve with moderate but steady GDP growth between 4% and 6%, led by a rebound in tourism and credit-driven consumer spending. Inflation over the same period remained tame and the currency, the kuna, stable. ++ Croatia experienced an abrupt slowdown in the economy in 2008; economic growth was stagnant or negative in each year between 2009 and 2014, but has picked up since the third quarter of 2014, ending 2017 with an average of 2.8% growth. Challenges remain including uneven regional development, a difficult investment climate, an inefficient judiciary, and loss of educated young professionals seeking higher salaries elsewhere in the EU. In 2016, Croatia revised its tax code to stimulate growth from domestic consumption and foreign investment. Income tax reduction began in 2017, and in 2018 various business costs were removed from income tax calculations. At the start of 2018, the government announced its economic reform plan, slated for implementation in 2019. ++ Tourism is one of the main pillars of the Croatian economy, comprising 19.6% of Croatia's GDP. Croatia is working to become a regional energy hub, and is undertaking plans to open a floating liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification terminal by the end of 2019 or early in 2020 to import LNG for re-distribution in southeast Europe. ++ Croatia joined the EU on July 1, 2013, following a decade-long accession process. Croatia has developed a plan for Eurozone accession, and the government projects Croatia will adopt the Euro by 2024. In 2017, the Croatian government decreased public debt to 78% of GDP, from an all-time high of 84% in 2014, and realized a 0.8% budget surplus - the first surplus since independence in 1991. The government has also sought to accelerate privatization of non-strategic assets with mixed success. Croatia's economic recovery is still somewhat fragile; Croatia's largest private company narrowly avoided collapse in 2017, thanks to a capital infusion from an American investor. Restructuring is ongoing, and projected to finish by mid-July 2018." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$102.1 billion (2017 est.) / $99.37 billion (2016 est.) / $95.97 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 85 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$54.76 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.94% (2019 est.) / 2.7% (2018 est.) / 3.14% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 101 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.7% (2019 est.) / 1.4% (2018 est.) / 1.1% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 51 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB- (2019)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba1 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB- (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$99.339 billion (2019 est.) / $96.578 billion (2018 est.) / $93.664 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$60.687 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$24,700 (2017 est.) / $23,800 (2016 est.) / $22,800 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 81 + "text": "$16,923 (2019 est.) / $16,349 (2018 est.) / $15,756 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 84 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "24.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 23.4% of GDP (2016 est.) / 24.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 62 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "3.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "26.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "70.1% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "57.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -570,16 +595,8 @@ "text": "-48.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "3.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "26.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "70.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "73.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "arable crops (wheat, corn, barley, sugar beet, sunflower, rapeseed, alfalfa, clover); vegetables (potatoes, cabbage, onion, tomato, pepper); fruits (apples, plum, mandarins, olives), grapes for wine; livestock (cattle, cows, pigs); dairy products" @@ -608,7 +625,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "8.07% (2019 est.) / 9.86% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 125 + "country comparison to the world": 126 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "19.5% (2015 est.)" @@ -644,17 +661,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.1% (2017 est.) / -1.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 57 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$1.597 billion (2019 est.) / $1 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 45 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$13.15 billion (2017 est.) / $13.88 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 80 + "text": "$36.28 billion (2019 est.) / $33.97 billion (2018 est.) / $32.75 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 65 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Italy 13.4%, Germany 12.2%, Slovenia 10.6%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.8%, Austria 6.2%, Serbia 4.8% (2017)" @@ -663,8 +676,8 @@ "text": "transport equipment, machinery, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$22.34 billion (2017 est.) / $19.76 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 71 + "text": "$37.612 billion (2019 est.) / $35.367 billion (2018 est.) / $32.899 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 68 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, transport and electrical equipment; chemicals, fuels and lubricants; foodstuffs" @@ -681,7 +694,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 67 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "kuna (HRK) per US dollar - / 6.62 (2017 est.) / 6.8 (2016 est.) / 6.806 (2015 est.) / 6.8583 (2014 est.) / 5.7482 (2013 est.)" + "text": "kuna (HRK) per US dollar - / 6.2474 (2020 est.) / 6.72075 (2019 est.) / 6.48905 (2018 est.) / 6.8583 (2014 est.) / 5.7482 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -712,7 +725,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "45% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 160 + "country comparison to the world": 159 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/hu.json b/europe/hu.json index b171e664..48ca92e5 100644 --- a/europe/hu.json +++ b/europe/hu.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "3,420 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 111 + "country comparison to the world": 110 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Virginia; about the same size as Indiana" @@ -167,11 +167,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.28% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Death rate": { "text": "12.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "1.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 56 + "country comparison to the world": 55 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations" @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ "female": { "text": "4.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 180 + "country comparison to the world": 179 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.47 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -301,8 +301,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 41 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.7% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 79 + "text": "4.7% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 71 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ "note": "etymology: the Hungarian capital city was formed in 1873 from the merger of three cities on opposite banks of the Danube: Buda and Obuda (Old Buda) on the western shore and Pest on the eastern; the origins of the original names are obscure, but according to the second century A.D. geographer, Ptolemy, the settlement that would become Pest was called \"Pession\" in ancient times; \"Buda\" may derive from either a Slavic or Turkic personal name" }, "Administrative divisions": { - "text": "19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 23 cities with county rights (megyei jogu varosok, singular - megyei jogu varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros) ++ counties: Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala ++ cities with county rights: Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg ++ capital city: Budapest" + "text": "19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 23 cities with county rights (megyei jogu varosok, singular - megyei jogu varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros) ++ counties: Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad-Csanad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala ++ cities with county rights: Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg ++ capital city: Budapest" }, "Independence": { "text": "16 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established)" @@ -517,30 +517,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Hungary has transitioned from a centrally planned to a market-driven economy with a per capita income approximately two thirds of the EU-28 average; however, in recent years the government has become more involved in managing the economy. Budapest has implemented unorthodox economic policies to boost household consumption and has relied on EU-funded development projects to generate growth. ++ ++ Following the fall of communism in 1990, Hungary experienced a drop-off in exports and financial assistance from the former Soviet Union. Hungary embarked on a series of economic reforms, including privatization of state-owned enterprises and reduction of social spending programs, to shift from a centrally planned to a market-driven economy, and to reorient its economy towards trade with the West. These efforts helped to spur growth, attract investment, and reduce Hungary's debt burden and fiscal deficits. Despite these reforms, living conditions for the average Hungarian initially deteriorated as inflation increased and unemployment reached double digits. Conditions slowly improved over the 1990s as the reforms came to fruition and export growth accelerated. Economic policies instituted during that decade helped position Hungary to join the European Union in 2004. Hungary has not yet joined the euro-zone. Hungary suffered a historic economic contraction as a result of the global economic slowdown in 2008-09 as export demand and domestic consumption dropped, prompting it to take an IMF-EU financial assistance package. ++ ++ Since 2010, the government has backpedaled on many economic reforms and taken a more populist approach towards economic management. The government has favored national industries and government-linked businesses through legislation, regulation, and public procurements. In 2011 and 2014, Hungary nationalized private pension funds, which squeezed financial service providers out of the system, but also helped Hungary curb its public debt and lower its budget deficit to below 3% of GDP, as subsequent pension contributions have been channeled into the state-managed pension fund. Hungary's public debt (at 74.5% of GDP) is still high compared to EU peers in Central Europe. Real GDP growth has been robust in the past few years due to increased EU funding, higher EU demand for Hungarian exports, and a rebound in domestic household consumption. To further boost household consumption ahead of the 2018 election, the government embarked on a six-year phased increase to minimum wages and public sector salaries, decreased taxes on foodstuffs and services, cut the personal income tax from 16% to 15%, and implemented a uniform 9% business tax for small and medium-sized enterprises and large companies. Real GDP growth slowed in 2016 due to a cyclical decrease in EU funding, but increased to 3.8% in 2017 as the government pre-financed EU funded projects ahead of the 2018 election. ++ ++ Systemic economic challenges include pervasive corruption, labor shortages driven by demographic declines and migration, widespread poverty in rural areas, vulnerabilities to changes in demand for exports, and a heavy reliance on Russian energy imports." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$289.6 billion (2017 est.) / $278.5 billion (2016 est.) / $272.5 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 59 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$139.2 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4.58% (2019 est.) / 5.44% (2018 est.) / 4.45% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 60 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "3.3% (2019 est.) / 2.8% (2018 est.) / 2.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 150 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB (2019)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Baa3 (2016)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$283.1 billion (2019 est.) / $270.712 billion (2018 est.) / $256.748 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$163.251 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$29,600 (2017 est.) / $28,300 (2016 est.) / $27,600 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 68 + "text": "$17,749 (2019 est.) / $16,933 (2018 est.) / $16,023 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 80 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "25.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 25.8% of GDP (2016 est.) / 25.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 54 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "3.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "31.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "64.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "49.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -561,16 +586,8 @@ "text": "-82.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "3.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "31.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "64.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "73.4 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products" @@ -599,7 +616,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.45% (2019 est.) / 3.71% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 47 + "country comparison to the world": 48 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "14.9% (2015 est.)" @@ -637,17 +654,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.4% (2017 est.) / 0.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 119 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$392 million (2019 est.) / $510 million (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 115 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$98.74 billion (2017 est.) / $91.6 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 38 + "text": "$167.99 billion (2019 est.) / $158.802 billion (2018 est.) / $151.185 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 36 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 27.7%, Romania 5.4%, Italy 5.1%, Austria 5%, Slovakia 4.8%, France 4.4%, Czech Republic 4.4%, Poland 4.3% (2017)" @@ -656,8 +669,8 @@ "text": "machinery and equipment (55.8%), other manufactures (32.7%), food products (6.8%), raw materials (2.4%), fuels and electricity (2.3%) (2017 est.)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$96.3 billion (2017 est.) / $83.5 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 35 + "text": "$159.63 billion (2019 est.) / $148.471 billion (2018 est.) / $138.773 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 36 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment 45.4%, other manufactures 34.3%, fuels and electricity 12.6%, food products 5.3%, raw materials 2.5% (2012)" @@ -674,7 +687,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 43 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "forints (HUF) per US dollar - / 279.5 (2017 est.) / 281.52 (2016 est.) / 281.52 (2015 est.) / 279.33 (2014 est.) / 232.6 (2013 est.)" + "text": "forints (HUF) per US dollar - / 295.3276 (2020 est.) / 299.4939 (2019 est.) / 283.5923 (2018 est.) / 279.33 (2014 est.) / 232.6 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -705,7 +718,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "64% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 122 + "country comparison to the world": 121 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "22% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/ic.json b/europe/ic.json index b0a0d565..97d4d0ed 100644 --- a/europe/ic.json +++ b/europe/ic.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "2,750 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 109 + "country comparison to the world": 108 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania; about the same size as Kentucky" @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "350,734 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 178 + "country comparison to the world": 177 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -172,19 +172,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.02% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 104 + "country comparison to the world": 103 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "13.3 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 141 + "country comparison to the world": 140 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 139 + "country comparison to the world": 138 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "3.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 34 + "country comparison to the world": 33 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "Iceland is almost entirely urban with half of the population located in and around the capital of Reykjavik; smaller clusters are primarily found along the coast in the north and west" @@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ "female": { "text": "2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 225 + "country comparison to the world": 224 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.97 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 115 + "country comparison to the world": 114 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -298,8 +298,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 83 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "7.5% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 8 + "text": "7.7% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 7 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -494,30 +494,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Iceland's economy combines a capitalist structure and free-market principles with an extensive welfare system. Except for a brief period during the 2008 crisis, Iceland has in recent years achieved high growth, low unemployment, and a remarkably even distribution of income. Iceland's economy has been diversifying into manufacturing and service industries in the last decade, particularly within the fields of tourism, software production, and biotechnology. Abundant geothermal and hydropower sources have attracted substantial foreign investment in the aluminum sector, boosted economic growth, and sparked some interest from high-tech firms looking to establish data centers using cheap green energy. ++ Tourism, aluminum smelting, and fishing are the pillars of the economy. For decades the Icelandic economy depended heavily on fisheries, but tourism has now surpassed fishing and aluminum as Iceland's main export industry. Tourism accounted for 8.6% of Iceland's GDP in 2016, and 39% of total exports of merchandise and services. From 2010 to 2017, the number of tourists visiting Iceland increased by nearly 400%. Since 2010, tourism has become a main driver of Icelandic economic growth, with the number of tourists reaching 4.5 times the Icelandic population in 2016. Iceland remains sensitive to fluctuations in world prices for its main exports, and to fluctuations in the exchange rate of the Icelandic Krona. ++ Following the privatization of the banking sector in the early 2000s, domestic banks expanded aggressively in foreign markets, and consumers and businesses borrowed heavily in foreign currencies. Worsening global financial conditions throughout 2008 resulted in a sharp depreciation of the krona vis-a-vis other major currencies. The foreign exposure of Icelandic banks, whose loans and other assets totaled nearly nine times the country's GDP, became unsustainable. Iceland's three largest banks collapsed in late 2008. GDP fell 6.8% in 2009, and unemployment peaked at 9.4% in February 2009. Three new banks were established to take over the domestic assets of the collapsed banks. Two of them have majority ownership by the state, which intends to re-privatize them. ++ Since the collapse of Iceland's financial sector, government economic priorities have included stabilizing the krona, implementing capital controls, reducing Iceland's high budget deficit, containing inflation, addressing high household debt, restructuring the financial sector, and diversifying the economy. Capital controls were lifted in March 2017, but some financial protections, such as reserve requirements for specified investments connected to new inflows of foreign currency, remain in place." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$18.18 billion (2017 est.) / $17.48 billion (2016 est.) / $16.29 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 153 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$24.48 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.94% (2019 est.) / 3.88% (2018 est.) / 4.57% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 142 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "3% (2019 est.) / 2.6% (2018 est.) / 1.7% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 147 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "A (2017)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A2 (2019)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "A (2017)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$17.071 billion (2019 est.) / $16.748 billion (2018 est.) / $16.018 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$24.614 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$52,200 (2017 est.) / $51,700 (2016 est.) / $48,900 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 25 + "text": "$54,696 (2019 est.) / $54,033 (2018 est.) / $52,036 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 24 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "25.8% of GDP (2017 est.) / 29.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 24.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 52 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "5.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "19.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "74.6% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "50.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -538,16 +563,8 @@ "text": "-42.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "5.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "19.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "74.6% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "79.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "potatoes, carrots, green vegetables, tomatoes, cucumbers; mutton, chicken, pork, beef, dairy products; fish" @@ -576,7 +593,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.62% (2019 est.) / 2.73% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 50 + "country comparison to the world": 51 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA", @@ -613,17 +630,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.8% (2017 est.) / 1.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 93 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$1.496 billion (2019 est.) / $814 million (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 47 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$4.957 billion (2017 est.) / $4.483 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 108 + "text": "$10.415 billion (2019 est.) / $10.923 billion (2018 est.) / $10.742 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 97 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Netherlands 25.5%, Spain 13.6%, UK 9.4%, Germany 7.6%, US 7%, France 6.3%, Norway 4.9% (2017)" @@ -632,8 +645,8 @@ "text": "fish and fish products (42%), aluminum (38%), agricultural products, medicinal and medical products, ferro-silicon (2015)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$6.525 billion (2017 est.) / $5.315 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 118 + "text": "$9.399 billion (2019 est.) / $10.364 billion (2018 est.) / $10.314 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 112 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles" @@ -650,7 +663,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 91 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Icelandic kronur (ISK) per US dollar - / 111.7 (2017 est.) / 120.81 (2016 est.) / 120.81 (2015 est.) / 131.92 (2014 est.) / 116.77 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Icelandic kronur (ISK) per US dollar - / 127.05 (2020 est.) / 121.68 (2019 est.) / 121.86 (2018 est.) / 131.92 (2014 est.) / 116.77 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -681,7 +694,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "4% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/im.json b/europe/im.json index 7b00fe24..3770e052 100644 --- a/europe/im.json +++ b/europe/im.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly more than three times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "90,499 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "white 96.5%, Asian/Asian British 1.9%, other 1.5% (2011 est.)" + "text": "White 96.5%, Asian/Asian British 1.9%, other 1.5% (2011 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "English, Manx Gaelic (about 2% of the population has some knowledge)" @@ -143,11 +143,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.59% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 151 + "country comparison to the world": 150 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "10.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 182 + "country comparison to the world": 181 }, "Death rate": { "text": "10.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 191 + "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.9 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 130 + "country comparison to the world": 129 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -387,24 +387,35 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Financial services, manufacturing, and tourism are key sectors of the economy. The government offers low taxes and other incentives to high-technology companies and financial institutions to locate on the island; this has paid off in expanding employment opportunities in high-income industries. As a result, agriculture and fishing, once the mainstays of the economy, have declined in their contributions to GDP. The Isle of Man also attracts online gambling sites and the film industry. Online gambling sites provided about 10% of the islands income in 2014. The Isle of Man currently enjoys free access to EU markets and trade is mostly with the UK. The Isle of Man's trade relationship with the EU derives from the United Kingdom's EU membership and will need to be renegotiated in light of the United Kingdom's decision to withdraw from the bloc. A transition period is expected to allow the free movement of goods and agricultural products to the EU until the end of 2020 or until a new settlement is negotiated." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "-8.6% (2015 est.) / 17.9% (2014 est.) / 2.1% (2010 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 221 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "4.1% (2017 est.) / 1% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 170 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aa3 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "N/A (2014)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$6.792 billion (2015 est.) / $7.428 billion (2014 est.) / $6.298 billion (2013 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2014 US dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 169 + "note": "note: data are in 2014 US dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$6.792 billion (2015 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-8.6% (2015 est.) / 17.9% (2014 est.) / 2.1% (2010 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 221 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$84,600 (2014 est.) / $86,200 (2013 est.) / $73,700 (2012 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 8 + "country comparison to the world": 7 }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -417,6 +428,8 @@ "text": "86% (FY12/13 est.)" } }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cereals, vegetables; cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry" }, @@ -425,7 +438,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "41,790 (2006)", - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "manufacturing": { @@ -499,10 +512,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.1% (2017 est.) / 1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 160 - }, "Exports": { "note": "NA" }, @@ -552,7 +561,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "1 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 224 + "country comparison to the world": 223 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/europe/it.json b/europe/it.json index cd93ebb2..3a76098a 100644 --- a/europe/it.json +++ b/europe/it.json @@ -174,11 +174,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.11% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 186 + "country comparison to the world": 185 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "country comparison to the world": 217 }, "Death rate": { "text": "10.7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "3.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 36 + "country comparison to the world": 35 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "despite a distinctive pattern with an industrial north and an agrarian south, a fairly even population distribution exists throughout most of the country, with coastal areas, the Po River Valley, and urban centers (particularly Milan, Rome, and Naples), attracting larger and denser populations" @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.47 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "65.1% (2013)", @@ -302,15 +302,15 @@ }, "Major infectious diseases": { "text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)", - "note": "note: a new coronavirus is causing sustained community spread of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Italy; sustained community spread means that people have been infected with the virus, but how or where they became infected is not known, and the spread is ongoing; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 10 November 2020, Italy has reported a total of 902,490 cases of COVID-19 or 14,927 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 679 cumulative deaths per 1 million population; the US Department of State has issued a Travel Advisory to reconsider travel to Italy due to the recent outbreak of COVID-19; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has also recommended postponing nonessential travel to Italy at this time and published additional guidance at https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/alert/coronavirus-italy ; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Italy to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" + "note": "note: a new coronavirus is causing sustained community spread of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Italy; sustained community spread means that people have been infected with the virus, but how or where they became infected is not known, and the spread is ongoing; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 8 December 2020, Italy has reported a total of 1,709,991 cases of COVID-19 or 28,282 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 984 cumulative deaths per 1 million population; the US Department of State has issued a Travel Advisory to reconsider travel to Italy due to the recent outbreak of COVID-19; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has also recommended postponing nonessential travel to Italy at this time and published additional guidance at https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/alert/coronavirus-italy ; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Italy to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "19.9% (2016)", "country comparison to the world": 108 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 113 + "text": "4% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 98 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -533,30 +533,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Italy's economy comprises a developed industrial north, dominated by private companies, and a less-developed, highly subsidized, agricultural south, with a legacy of unemployment and underdevelopment. The Italian economy is driven in large part by the manufacture of high-quality consumer goods produced by small and medium-sized enterprises, many of them family-owned. Italy also has a sizable underground economy, which by some estimates accounts for as much as 17% of GDP. These activities are most common within the agriculture, construction, and service sectors. ++ Italy is the third-largest economy in the euro zone, but its exceptionally high public debt and structural impediments to growth have rendered it vulnerable to scrutiny by financial markets. Public debt has increased steadily since 2007, reaching 131% of GDP in 2017. Investor concerns about Italy and the broader euro-zone crisis eased in 2013, bringing down Italy's borrowing costs on sovereign government debt from euro-era records. The government still faces pressure from investors and European partners to sustain its efforts to address Italy's longstanding structural economic problems, including labor market inefficiencies, a sluggish judicial system, and a weak banking sector. Italy's economy returned to modest growth in late 2014 for the first time since 2011. In 2015-16, Italy's economy grew at about 1% each year, and in 2017 growth accelerated to 1.5% of GDP. In 2017, overall unemployment was 11.4%, but youth unemployment remained high at 37.1%. GDP growth is projected to slow slightly in 2018." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.317 trillion (2017 est.) / $2.282 trillion (2016 est.) / $2.263 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 12 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.939 trillion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "0.34% (2019 est.) / 0.83% (2018 est.) / 1.73% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 188 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.6% (2019 est.) / 1.1% (2018 est.) / 1.2% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 47 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB- (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Baa3 (2018)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB (2017)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$2,234,459,000,000 (2019 est.) / $2,226,902,000,000 (2018 est.) / $2,208,723,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2,002,763,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$38,200 (2017 est.) / $37,600 (2016 est.) / $37,200 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 50 + "text": "$35,589 (2019 est.) / $35,424 (2018 est.) / $35,108 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 49 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "20.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 19.7% of GDP (2016 est.) / 18.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 95 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "23.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "73.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "61% (2017 est.)" @@ -577,16 +602,8 @@ "text": "-28.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "23.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "73.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "86.8 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "fruits, vegetables, grapes, potatoes, sugar beets, soybeans, grain, olives; beef, dairy products; fish" @@ -615,7 +632,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "9.88% (2019 est.) / 10.63% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 145 + "country comparison to the world": 146 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "29.9% (2012 est.)" @@ -652,17 +669,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.) / -0.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 68 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$59.517 billion (2019 est.) / $51.735 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 10 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$496.3 billion (2017 est.) / $454.1 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 9 + "text": "$687.34 billion (2019 est.) / $678.788 billion (2018 est.) / $667.866 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 8 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 12.5%, France 10.3%, US 9%, Spain 5.2%, UK 5.2%, Switzerland 4.6% (2017)" @@ -671,8 +684,8 @@ "text": "engineering products, textiles and clothing, production machinery, motor vehicles, transport equipment, chemicals; foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco; minerals, nonferrous metals" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$432.9 billion (2017 est.) / $389.8 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 13 + "text": "$647.058 billion (2019 est.) / $649.963 billion (2018 est.) / $631.54 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 8 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "engineering products, chemicals, transport equipment, energy products, minerals and nonferrous metals, textiles and clothing; food, beverages, tobacco" @@ -689,7 +702,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 9 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -720,7 +733,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "54% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 143 + "country comparison to the world": 142 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -981,6 +994,11 @@ "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; women may serve in any military branch; Italian citizenship required; 1-year service obligation (2013)" } }, + "Terrorism": { + "Terrorist group(s)": { + "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (2020)" + } + }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { "text": "Italy's long coastline and developed economy entices tens of thousands of illegal immigrants from southeastern Europe and northern Africa" @@ -992,7 +1010,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "15,822 (2019)" }, - "note": "note: 520,474 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (January 2015-November 2020); hosts an estimated 96,862 migrants and asylum seekers as of the end of October 2019; 23,370 arrivals in 2018" + "note": "note: 522,800 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (January 2015-December 2020); hosts an estimated 96,862 migrants and asylum seekers as of the end of October 2019" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; money laundering by organized crime and from smuggling" diff --git a/europe/je.json b/europe/je.json index 26ba9509..a4d34a6b 100644 --- a/europe/je.json +++ b/europe/je.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 225 + "country comparison to the world": 224 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about two-thirds the size of Washington, DC" @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "101,073 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Jersey 46.4%, British 32.7%, Portuguese/Madeiran 8.2%, Polish 3.3%, Irish, French, and other white 7.1%, other 2.4% (2011 est.)" + "text": "Jersey 46.4%, British 32.7%, Portuguese/Madeiran 8.2%, Polish 3.3%, Irish, French, and other White 7.1%, other 2.4% (2011 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "English (official) 94.5%, Portuguese 4.6%, other .9% (includes French (official) and Jerriais) (2001 est.)", @@ -159,11 +159,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.72% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 136 + "country comparison to the world": 135 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "12.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 150 + "country comparison to the world": 149 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 44 + "country comparison to the world": 43 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "fairly even distribution; no notable trends" @@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.67 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 179 + "country comparison to the world": 178 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -398,21 +398,24 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Jersey's economy is based on international financial services, agriculture, and tourism. In 2016, the financial services sector accounted for about 41% of the island's output. Agriculture represented about 1% of Jersey's economy in 2016. Potatoes are an important export crop, shipped mostly to the UK. The Jersey breed of dairy cattle originated on the island and is known worldwide. The dairy industry remains important to the island with approximately $8.8 million gallons of milk produced in 2015. Tourism accounts for a significant portion of Jersey's economy, with more than 700,000 total visitors in 2015. Living standards come close to those of the UK. All raw material and energy requirements are imported as well as a large share of Jersey's food needs. Light taxes and death duties make the island a popular offshore financial center. Jersey maintains its relationship with the EU through the UK. Therefore, in light of the UK's decision to leave the EU, Jersey will also need to renegotiate its ties to the EU." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$5.569 billion (2016 est.) / $5.514 billion (2015 est.) / $4.98 billion (2014)", - "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 175 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "1% (2016 est.) / 10.7% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 173 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "3.7% (2006)", + "country comparison to the world": 161 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$5.569 billion (2016 est.) / $5.514 billion (2015 est.) / $4.98 billion (2014 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$5.004 billion (2015 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1% (2016 est.) / 10.7% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 173 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$56,600 (2016 est.) / $49,500 (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 21 @@ -428,6 +431,8 @@ "text": "96% (2010)" } }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes; beef, dairy products" }, @@ -439,7 +444,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "59,950 (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 187 + "country comparison to the world": 186 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -454,7 +459,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4% (2015 est.) / 4.6% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 61 + "country comparison to the world": 62 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -486,10 +491,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.7% (2006)", - "country comparison to the world": 146 - }, "Exports": { "note": "NA" }, @@ -585,7 +586,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "1 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 226 + "country comparison to the world": 225 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/europe/jn.json b/europe/jn.json index c0994731..7f436ae8 100644 --- a/europe/jn.json +++ b/europe/jn.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC" @@ -123,8 +123,10 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Jan Mayen is a volcanic island with no exploitable natural resources, although surrounding waters contain substantial fish stocks and potential untapped petroleum resources. Economic activity is limited to providing services for employees of Norway's radio and meteorological stations on the island." + }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { } }, "Communications": { @@ -135,7 +137,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "1 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 225 + "country comparison to the world": 224 }, "Airports - with unpaved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/europe/kv.json b/europe/kv.json index e1181fa3..e5a47027 100644 --- a/europe/kv.json +++ b/europe/kv.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 168 + "country comparison to the world": 167 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than Delaware" @@ -146,19 +146,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.66% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 144 + "country comparison to the world": 143 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "15.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 117 + "country comparison to the world": 116 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 126 + "country comparison to the world": 125 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 162 + "country comparison to the world": 161 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population clusters exist throughout the country, the largest being in the east in and around the capital of Pristina" @@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ "female": { "text": "28.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 56 + "country comparison to the world": 55 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.95 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 119 + "country comparison to the world": 118 }, "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -419,30 +419,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Kosovo's economy has shown progress in transitioning to a market-based system and maintaining macroeconomic stability, but it is still highly dependent on the international community and the diaspora for financial and technical assistance. Remittances from the diaspora - located mainly in Germany, Switzerland, and the Nordic countries - are estimated to account for about 17% of GDP and international donor assistance accounts for approximately 10% of GDP. With international assistance, Kosovo has been able to privatize a majority of its state-owned enterprises. ++ Kosovo's citizens are the second poorest in Europe, after Moldova, with a per capita GDP (PPP) of $10,400 in 2017. An unemployment rate of 33%, and a youth unemployment rate near 60%, in a country where the average age is 26, encourages emigration and fuels a significant informal, unreported economy. Most of Kosovo's population lives in rural towns outside of the capital, Pristina. Inefficient, near-subsistence farming is common - the result of small plots, limited mechanization, and a lack of technical expertise. Kosovo enjoys lower labor costs than the rest of the region. However, high levels of corruption, little contract enforcement, and unreliable electricity supply have discouraged potential investors. The official currency of Kosovo is the euro, but the Serbian dinar is also used illegally in Serb majority communities. Kosovo's tie to the euro has helped keep core inflation low. ++ Minerals and metals production - including lignite, lead, zinc, nickel, chrome, aluminum, magnesium, and a wide variety of construction materials - once the backbone of industry, has declined because of aging equipment and insufficient investment, problems exacerbated by competing and unresolved ownership claims of Kosovo's largest mines. A limited and unreliable electricity supply is a major impediment to economic development. The US Government is cooperating with the Ministry of Economic Development (MED) and the World Bank to conclude a commercial tender for the construction of Kosovo C, a new lignite-fired power plant that would leverage Kosovo's large lignite reserves. MED also has plans for the rehabilitation of an older bituminous-fired power plant, Kosovo B, and the development of a coal mine that could supply both plants. ++ In June 2009, Kosovo joined the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, the Central Europe Free Trade Area (CEFTA) in 2006, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 2012, and the Council of Europe Development Bank in 2013. In 2016, Kosovo implemented the Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) negotiations with the EU, focused on trade liberalization. In 2014, nearly 60% of customs duty-eligible imports into Kosovo were EU goods. In August 2015, as part of its EU-facilitated normalization process with Serbia, Kosovo signed agreements on telecommunications and energy distribution, but disagreements over who owns economic assets, such as the Trepca mining conglomerate, within Kosovo continue. ++ Kosovo experienced its first federal budget deficit in 2012, when government expenditures climbed sharply. In May 2014, the government introduced a 25% salary increase for public sector employees and an equal increase in certain social benefits. Central revenues could not sustain these increases, and the government was forced to reduce its planned capital investments. The government, led by Prime Minister MUSTAFA - a trained economist - recently made several changes to its fiscal policy, expanding the list of duty-free imports, decreasing the Value Added Tax (VAT) for basic food items and public utilities, and increasing the VAT for all other goods. ++ While Kosovo's economy continued to make progress, unemployment has not been reduced, nor living standards raised, due to lack of economic reforms and investment." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$19.6 billion (2017 est.) / $18.89 billion (2016 est.) / $18.16 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 151 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$7.094 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "3.7% (2017 est.) / 4.1% (2016 est.) / 4.1% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 79 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.6% (2019 est.) / 1% (2018 est.) / 1.4% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 131 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$18.961 billion (2019 est.) / $18.201 billion (2018 est.) / $17.532 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$7.926 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$10,900 (2017 est.) / $10,600 (2016 est.) / $10,200 (2015 est.)", + "text": "$4,281 (2018 est.) / $10,900 (2017 est.) / $4,137 (2017 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2016 US dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 137 + "country comparison to the world": 162 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "17.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 13.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 15.1% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 118 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "11.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "17.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "70.4% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "84.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -463,16 +477,8 @@ "text": "-53.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "11.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "17.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "70.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "95.9 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, corn, berries, potatoes, peppers, fruit; dairy, livestock; fish" @@ -503,7 +509,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "30.5% (2017 est.) / 27.5% (2016 est.)", "note": "note: Kosovo has a large informal sector that may not be reflected in these data", - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "17.6% (2015 est.)" @@ -536,10 +542,6 @@ "text": "21.2% of GDP (2017 est.) / 19.4% of GDP (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 186 }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.5% (2017 est.) / 0.3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 82 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$467 million (2017 est.) / -$533 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 120 @@ -556,7 +558,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$3.223 billion (2017 est.) / $2.876 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 145 + "country comparison to the world": 150 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "foodstuffs, livestock, wood, petroleum, chemicals, machinery, minerals, textiles, stone, ceramic and glass products, electrical equipment" @@ -604,7 +606,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "97% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 35 + "country comparison to the world": 34 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/lg.json b/europe/lg.json index dbd3738d..6ec88989 100644 --- a/europe/lg.json +++ b/europe/lg.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "2,340 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 125 + "country comparison to the world": 124 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than West Virginia" @@ -178,11 +178,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-1.12% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 231 + "country comparison to the world": 230 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "9.2 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Death rate": { "text": "14.6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-5.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "largest concentration of people is found in and around the port and capital city of Riga; small agglomerations are scattered throughout the country" @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ "female": { "text": "4.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 177 + "country comparison to the world": 176 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.53 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -313,8 +313,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 65 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.3% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 49 + "text": "4.4% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 82 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -526,30 +526,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Latvia is a small, open economy with exports contributing more than half of GDP. Due to its geographical location, transit services are highly-developed, along with timber and wood-processing, agriculture and food products, and manufacturing of machinery and electronics industries. Corruption continues to be an impediment to attracting foreign direct investment and Latvia's low birth rate and decreasing population are major challenges to its long-term economic vitality. ++ Latvia's economy experienced GDP growth of more than 10% per year during 2006-07, but entered a severe recession in 2008 as a result of an unsustainable current account deficit and large debt exposure amid the slowing world economy. Triggered by the collapse of the second largest bank, GDP plunged by more than 14% in 2009 and, despite strong growth since 2011, the economy took until 2017 return to pre-crisis levels in real terms. Strong investment and consumption, the latter stoked by rising wages, helped the economy grow by more than 4% in 2017, while inflation rose to 3%. Continued gains in competitiveness and investment will be key to maintaining economic growth, especially in light of unfavorable demographic trends, including the emigration of skilled workers, and one of the highest levels of income inequality in the EU. ++ In the wake of the 2008-09 crisis, the IMF, EU, and other international donors provided substantial financial assistance to Latvia as part of an agreement to defend the currency's peg to the euro in exchange for the government's commitment to stringent austerity measures. The IMF/EU program successfully concluded in December 2011, although, the austerity measures imposed large social costs. The majority of companies, banks, and real estate have been privatized, although the state still holds sizable stakes in a few large enterprises, including 80% ownership of the Latvian national airline. Latvia officially joined the World Trade Organization in February 1999 and the EU in May 2004. Latvia also joined the euro zone in 2014 and the OECD in 2016." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$54.02 billion (2017 est.) / $51.67 billion (2016 est.) / $50.55 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 108 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$30.33 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.08% (2019 est.) / 4.2% (2018 est.) / 3.23% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 133 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.8% (2019 est.) / 2.5% (2018 est.) / 2.9% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 143 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "A- (2014)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A3 (2015)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "A+ (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$56.651 billion (2019 est.) / $55.507 billion (2018 est.) / $53.268 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$34.084 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$27,700 (2017 est.) / $26,200 (2016 est.) / $25,500 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 76 + "text": "$16,778 (2019 est.) / $16,254 (2018 est.) / $15,417 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 86 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "20.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 21% of GDP (2016 est.) / 21.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 91 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "3.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "22.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "73.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "61.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -570,16 +595,8 @@ "text": "-61.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "3.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "22.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "73.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "94.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grain, rapeseed, potatoes, vegetables; pork, poultry, milk, eggs; fish" @@ -608,7 +625,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "6.14% (2019 est.) / 6.51% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 99 + "country comparison to the world": 100 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "25.5% (2015)" @@ -645,17 +662,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.9% (2017 est.) / 0.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 130 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$222 million (2019 est.) / -$99 million (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 102 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$12.84 billion (2017 est.) / $11.35 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 81 + "text": "$20.444 billion (2019 est.) / $20.007 billion (2018 est.) / $19.153 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 79 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Lithuania 15.8%, Russia 14%, Estonia 10.9%, Germany 6.9%, Sweden 5.7%, UK 4.9%, Poland 4.3%, Denmark 4.1% (2017)" @@ -664,8 +677,8 @@ "text": "foodstuffs, wood and wood products, metals, machinery and equipment, textiles" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$15.79 billion (2017 est.) / $13.61 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 86 + "text": "$22.049 billion (2019 est.) / $21.397 billion (2018 est.) / $20.096 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 78 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, fuels, vehicles" @@ -682,7 +695,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 74 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -713,7 +726,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "39% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 173 + "country comparison to the world": 172 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/lh.json b/europe/lh.json index 09053e1e..1af89eea 100644 --- a/europe/lh.json +++ b/europe/lh.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "2,620 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 124 + "country comparison to the world": 123 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than West Virginia" @@ -170,11 +170,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-1.13% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 232 + "country comparison to the world": 231 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "9.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "country comparison to the world": 196 }, "Death rate": { "text": "15 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-5.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "fairly even population distribution throughout the country, but somewhat greater concentrations in the southern cities of Vilnius and Kaunas, and the western port of Klaipeda" @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 192 + "country comparison to the world": 191 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.6 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 185 + "country comparison to the world": 184 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -305,8 +305,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 43 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.2% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 93 + "text": "3.8% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 105 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -447,10 +447,10 @@ "text": "unicameral Parliament or Seimas (141 seats; 71 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote and 70 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on11 and 25 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2024)" + "text": "last held on 11 and 25 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - TS-LKD 50, LVZS 32, LSDP 13, LRLS 13, Freedom 11, DP 10, AWPL 3, LSDDP 3, LT 1, Greens 1, independent 4" + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - TS-LKD 50, LVZS 32, LSDP 13, LRLS 13, Freedom 11, DP 10, AWPL 3, LSDDP 3, LT 1, Greens 1, independent 4; composition - men 103, women 38, percent of women 27%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -521,30 +521,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "After the country declared independence from the Soviet Union in 1990, Lithuania faced an initial dislocation that is typical during transitions from a planned economy to a free-market economy. Macroeconomic stabilization policies, including privatization of most state-owned enterprises, and a strong commitment to a currency board arrangement led to an open and rapidly growing economy and rising consumer demand. Foreign investment and EU funding aided in the transition. Lithuania joined the WTO in May 2001, the EU in May 2004, and the euro zone in January 2015, and is now working to complete the OECD accession roadmap it received in July 2015. In 2017, joined the OECD Working Group on Bribery, an important step in the OECD accession process. ++ The Lithuanian economy was severely hit by the 2008-09 global financial crisis, but it has rebounded and become one of the fastest growing in the EU. Increases in exports, investment, and wage growth that supported consumption helped the economy grow by 3.6% in 2017. In 2015, Russia was Lithuania's largest trading partner, followed by Poland, Germany, and Latvia; goods and services trade between the US and Lithuania totaled $2.2 billion. Lithuania opened a self-financed liquefied natural gas terminal in January 2015, providing the first non-Russian supply of natural gas to the Baltic States and reducing Lithuania's dependence on Russian gas from 100% to approximately 30% in 2016. ++ Lithuania's ongoing recovery hinges on improving the business environment, especially by liberalizing labor laws, and improving competitiveness and export growth, the latter hampered by economic slowdowns in the EU and Russia. In addition, a steady outflow of young and highly educated people is causing a shortage of skilled labor, which, combined with a rapidly aging population, could stress public finances and constrain long-term growth." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$91.47 billion (2017 est.) / $88.07 billion (2016 est.) / $86.05 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 87 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$47.26 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4.33% (2019 est.) / 3.99% (2018 est.) / 4.37% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 64 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.3% (2019 est.) / 2.7% (2018 est.) / 3.7% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 122 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "A (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A3 (2015)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "A+ (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$96.258 billion (2019 est.) / $92.269 billion (2018 est.) / $88.726 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$54.597 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$32,400 (2017 est.) / $30,700 (2016 est.) / $29,600 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 63 + "text": "$18,844 (2019 est.) / $17,794 (2018 est.) / $16,846 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 76 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "18% of GDP (2017 est.) / 16.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 17.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 111 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "29.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "67.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "63.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -565,16 +590,8 @@ "text": "-79.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "3.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "29.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "67.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "93.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grain, potatoes, sugar beets, flax, vegetables; beef, milk, eggs, pork, cheese; fish" @@ -603,7 +620,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "8.4% (2019 est.) / 8.5% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 129 + "country comparison to the world": 130 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "22.2% (2015 est.)" @@ -640,17 +657,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.7% (2017 est.) / 0.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 147 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$1.817 billion (2019 est.) / $131 million (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 42 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$29.12 billion (2017 est.) / $24.23 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 64 + "text": "$45.358 billion (2019 est.) / $41.433 billion (2018 est.) / $38.763 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 63 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Russia 15%, Latvia 9.9%, Poland 8.1%, Germany 7.3%, US 5.2%, Estonia 5%, Sweden 4.8% (2017)" @@ -659,7 +672,7 @@ "text": "refined fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles, foodstuffs, plastics" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$31.56 billion (2017 est.) / $26.21 billion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$43.733 billion (2019 est.) / $41.131 billion (2018 est.) / $38.745 billion (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 65 }, "Imports - commodities": { @@ -677,7 +690,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 78 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "litai (LTL) per US dollar - / 0.884 (2017 est.) / 0.9037 (2016 est.) / 0.9037 (2015 est.) / 0.9012 (2014 est.) / 0.7525 (2013 est.)" + "text": "litai (LTL) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.9012 (2014 est.) / 0.7525 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -708,7 +721,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "73% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 100 + "country comparison to the world": 99 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/lo.json b/europe/lo.json index 8dda9e82..ab19f8a8 100644 --- a/europe/lo.json +++ b/europe/lo.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "930 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 131 + "country comparison to the world": 130 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about one and a half times the size of Maryland; about twice the size of New Hampshire" @@ -169,11 +169,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.05% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "9.3 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Death rate": { "text": "10.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 72 + "country comparison to the world": 71 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country; slightly larger concentration in the west in proximity to the Czech border" @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ "female": { "text": "4.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 179 + "country comparison to the world": 178 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.44 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -295,8 +295,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 98 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.9% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 109 + "text": "3.9% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 102 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -495,30 +495,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Slovakia's economy suffered from a slow start in the first years after its separation from the Czech Republic in 1993, due to the country's authoritarian leadership and high levels of corruption, but economic reforms implemented after 1998 have placed Slovakia on a path of strong growth. With a population of 5.4 million, the Slovak Republic has a small, open economy driven mainly by automobile and electronics exports, which account for more than 80% of GDP. Slovakia joined the EU in 2004 and the euro zone in 2009. The country's banking sector is sound and predominantly foreign owned. ++ Slovakia has been a regional FDI champion for several years, attractive due to a relatively low-cost yet skilled labor force, and a favorable geographic location in the heart of Central Europe. Exports and investment have been key drivers of Slovakia's robust growth in recent years. The unemployment rate fell to historical lows in 2017, and rising wages fueled increased consumption, which played a more prominent role in 2017 GDP growth. A favorable outlook for the Eurozone suggests continued strong growth prospects for Slovakia during the next few years, although inflation is also expected to pick up. ++ Among the most pressing domestic issues potentially threatening the attractiveness of the Slovak market are shortages in the qualified labor force, persistent corruption issues, and an inadequate judiciary, as well as a slow transition to an innovation-based economy. The energy sector in particular is characterized by unpredictable regulatory oversight and high costs, in part driven by government interference in regulated tariffs. Moreover, the government's attempts to maintain low household energy prices could harm the profitability of domestic energy firms while undercutting energy efficiency initiatives." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$179.7 billion (2017 est.) / $173.8 billion (2016 est.) / $168.2 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 69 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$95.96 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.4% (2019 est.) / 3.9% (2018 est.) / 3.04% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 117 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.6% (2019 est.) / 2.5% (2018 est.) / 1.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 133 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "A (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A2 (2012)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "A+ (2015)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$177.968 billion (2019 est.) / $173.799 billion (2018 est.) / $167.281 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$105.388 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$33,100 (2017 est.) / $32,000 (2016 est.) / $31,000 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 61 + "text": "$21,066 (2019 est.) / $20,587 (2018 est.) / $19,834 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 70 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "20.6% of GDP (2017 est.) / 21.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 22.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 92 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "3.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "35% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "61.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "54.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -539,16 +564,8 @@ "text": "-92.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "3.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "35% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "61.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "100.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, cattle, poultry; forest products" @@ -577,7 +594,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5% (2019 est.) / 5.42% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 77 + "country comparison to the world": 78 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "12.3% (2015 est.)" @@ -614,17 +631,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.) / -0.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 74 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$3.026 billion (2019 est.) / -$2.635 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 173 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$80.8 billion (2017 est.) / $75.53 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 40 + "text": "$113.964 billion (2019 est.) / $113.092 billion (2018 est.) / $107.518 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 44 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 20.7%, Czech Republic 11.6%, Poland 7.7%, France 6.3%, Italy 6.1%, UK 6%, Hungary 6%, Austria 6% (2017)" @@ -633,8 +646,8 @@ "text": "vehicles and related parts 27%, machinery and electrical equipment 20%, nuclear reactors and furnaces 12%, iron and steel 4%, mineral oils and fuels 5% (2015 est.)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$80.07 billion (2017 est.) / $72.51 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 42 + "text": "$107.88 billion (2019 est.) / $105.67 billion (2018 est.) / $100.689 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 47 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and electrical equipment 20%, vehicles and related parts 14%, nuclear reactors and furnaces 12%, fuel and mineral oils 9% (2015 est.)" @@ -651,7 +664,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 58 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -682,7 +695,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "36% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 176 + "country comparison to the world": 175 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "27% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/ls.json b/europe/ls.json index b8ccfc04..3a16b941 100644 --- a/europe/ls.json +++ b/europe/ls.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 219 + "country comparison to the world": 218 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ "Population": { "text": "39,137 (July 2020 est.)", "note": "note: immigrants make up 65% of the total population, according to UN data (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -153,11 +153,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.75% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 134 + "country comparison to the world": 133 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "10.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 189 + "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 186 + "country comparison to the world": 185 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.69 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 177 + "country comparison to the world": 176 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.6% of GDP (2011)", - "country comparison to the world": 154 + "country comparison to the world": 148 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -428,20 +428,28 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Despite its small size and lack of natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial services sector and one of the highest per capita income levels in the world. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small and medium-sized businesses, particularly in the services sector. Low business taxes - a flat tax of 12.5% on income is applied - and easy incorporation rules have induced many holding companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. ++ The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between the European Free Trade Association and the EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated EU. As of 2015, 54% of Liechtenstein's workforce consisted of cross-border commuters, largely from Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. ++ Since 2008, Liechtenstein has faced renewed international pressure - particularly from Germany and the US - to improve transparency in its banking and tax systems. In December 2008, Liechtenstein signed a Tax Information Exchange Agreement with the US. Upon Liechtenstein's conclusion of 12 bilateral information-sharing agreements, the OECD in October 2009 removed the principality from its \"grey list\" of countries that had yet to implement the organization's Model Tax Convention. By the end of 2010, Liechtenstein had signed 25 Tax Information Exchange Agreements or Double Tax Agreements. In 2011, Liechtenstein joined the Schengen area, which allows passport-free travel across 26 European countries. In 2015, Liechtenstein and the EU agreed to clamp down on tax fraud and evasion and in 2018 will start automatically exchanging information on the bank accounts of each other's residents." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$4.978 billion (2014 est.) / $3.2 billion (2009 est.) / $3.216 billion (2008 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 179 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "1.8% (2012 est.) / -0.5% (2011 est.) / 3.1% (2007 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 147 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-0.4% (2016 est.) / -0.2% (2013)", + "country comparison to the world": 14 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AAA (1996)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$4.978 billion (2014 est.) / $3.2 billion (2009 est.) / $3.216 billion (2008 est.)" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$6.672 billion (2014 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.8% (2012 est.) / -0.5% (2011 est.) / 3.1% (2007 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 147 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$139,100 (2009 est.) / $90,100 (2008 est.) / $91,300 (2007 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 1 @@ -457,6 +465,9 @@ "text": "52% (2014)" } }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "73.0 (2020)" + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products" }, @@ -469,7 +480,7 @@ "Labor force": { "text": "38,520 (2012) (2015 est.)", "note": "note: 51% of the labor force in Liechtenstein commute daily from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany", - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -484,7 +495,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "2.4% (2015) / 2.4% (2014)", - "country comparison to the world": 26 + "country comparison to the world": 27 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -516,14 +527,10 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.4% (2016 est.) / -0.2% (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 7 - }, "Exports": { "text": "$3.217 billion (2015 est.) / $3.774 billion (2014 est.)", "note": "note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland", - "country comparison to the world": 127 + "country comparison to the world": 132 }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products" @@ -531,7 +538,7 @@ "Imports": { "text": "NA (2015 est.) / $2.23 billion (2014 est.)", "note": "note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland", - "country comparison to the world": 163 + "country comparison to the world": 168 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "agricultural products, raw materials, energy products, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles" diff --git a/europe/lu.json b/europe/lu.json index 7df17bab..c757c41e 100644 --- a/europe/lu.json +++ b/europe/lu.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 179 + "country comparison to the world": 178 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Rhode Island; about half the size of Delaware" @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "628,381 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 169 + "country comparison to the world": 168 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -169,15 +169,15 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.8% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 57 + "country comparison to the world": 56 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 170 + "country comparison to the world": 169 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 114 + "country comparison to the world": 113 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "13.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.62 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 182 + "country comparison to the world": 181 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -296,8 +296,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 74 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.9% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 107 + "text": "3.6% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 112 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -492,30 +492,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "This small, stable, high-income economy has historically featured solid growth, low inflation, and low unemployment. Luxembourg, the only Grand Duchy in the world, is a landlocked country in northwestern Europe surrounded by Belgium, France, and Germany. Despite its small landmass and small population, Luxembourg is the fifth-wealthiest country in the world when measured on a gross domestic product (PPP) per capita basis. Luxembourg has one of the highest current account surpluses as a share of GDP in the euro zone, and it maintains a healthy budgetary position, with a 2017 surplus of 0.5% of GDP, and the lowest public debt level in the region. ++ Since 2002, Luxembourg's government has proactively implemented policies and programs to support economic diversification and to attract foreign direct investment. The government focused on key innovative industries that showed promise for supporting economic growth: logistics, information and communications technology (ICT); health technologies, including biotechnology and biomedical research; clean energy technologies, and more recently, space technology and financial services technologies. The economy has evolved and flourished, posting strong GDP growth of 3.4% in 2017, far outpacing the European average of 1.8%. ++ Luxembourg remains a financial powerhouse – the financial sector accounts for more than 35% of GDP - because of the exponential growth of the investment fund sector through the launch and development of cross-border funds (UCITS) in the 1990s. Luxembourg is the world's second-largest investment fund asset domicile, after the US, with $4 trillion of assets in custody in financial institutions. ++ Luxembourg has lost some of its advantage as a favorable tax location because of OECD and EU pressure, as well as the \"LuxLeaks\" scandal, which revealed advantageous tax treatments offered to foreign corporations. In 2015, the government's compliance with EU requirements to implement automatic exchange of tax information on savings accounts - thus ending banking secrecy - has constricted banking activity. Likewise, changes to the way EU members collect taxes from e-commerce has cut Luxembourg's sales tax revenues, requiring the government to raise additional levies and to reduce some direct social benefits as part of the tax reform package of 2017. The tax reform package also included reductions in the corporate tax rate and increases in deductions for families, both intended to increase purchasing power and increase competitiveness." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$62.11 billion (2017 est.) / $60.71 billion (2016 est.) / $58.9 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 105 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$62.53 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.31% (2019 est.) / 3.14% (2018 est.) / 1.81% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 120 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.7% (2019 est.) / 1.5% (2018 est.) / 1.7% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 97 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AAA (1994)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aaa (1989)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AAA (1994)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$56.19 billion (2019 est.) / $54.925 billion (2018 est.) / $53.26 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$71.089 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$105,100 (2017 est.) / $105,400 (2016 est.) / $104,600 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 5 + "text": "$112,009 (2019 est.) / $111,568 (2018 est.) / $110,440 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 4 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "22.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 23% of GDP (2016 est.) / 23.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 82 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "12.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "86.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "30.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -536,16 +561,8 @@ "text": "-194% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "12.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "86.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "88.8 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grapes, barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits; dairy and livestock products" @@ -575,7 +592,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5.36% (2019 est.) / 5.46% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 86 + "country comparison to the world": 87 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -612,17 +629,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.1% (2017 est.) / 0% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 109 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$3.254 billion (2019 est.) / $3.296 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 33 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$15.99 billion (2017 est.) / $16.37 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 72 + "text": "$133.61 billion (2019 est.) / $132.487 billion (2018 est.) / $131.834 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 38 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 25.6%, Belgium 17.6%, France 14%, Netherlands 5.1%, Italy 4.1%, UK 4.1% (2017)" @@ -631,8 +644,8 @@ "text": "machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$20.66 billion (2017 est.) / $20.41 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 75 + "text": "$111.287 billion (2019 est.) / $110.275 billion (2018 est.) / $110.656 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 46 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "commercial aircraft, minerals, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs, luxury consumer goods" @@ -649,7 +662,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 6 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -680,7 +693,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "25% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 189 + "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -827,7 +840,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "2 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/europe/md.json b/europe/md.json index d1d9f8e2..7c1eead3 100644 --- a/europe/md.json +++ b/europe/md.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "960 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 140 + "country comparison to the world": 139 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than Maryland" @@ -169,11 +169,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-1.08% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 230 + "country comparison to the world": 229 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "10.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 184 + "country comparison to the world": 183 }, "Death rate": { "text": "12.6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "pockets of agglomeration exist throughout the country, the largest being in the center of the country around the capital of Chisinau, followed by Tiraspol and Balti" @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ "female": { "text": "9.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 120 + "country comparison to the world": 119 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.58 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 189 + "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "59.5% (2012)" @@ -303,8 +303,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 110 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.7% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 17 + "text": "5.4% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 40 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -517,30 +517,49 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Despite recent progress, Moldova remains one of the poorest countries in Europe. With a moderate climate and productive farmland, Moldova's economy relies heavily on its agriculture sector, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, wheat, and tobacco. Moldova also depends on annual remittances of about $1.2 billion - almost 15% of GDP - from the roughly one million Moldovans working in Europe, Israel, Russia, and elsewhere. ++ With few natural energy resources, Moldova imports almost all of its energy supplies from Russia and Ukraine. Moldova's dependence on Russian energy is underscored by a more than $6 billion debt to Russian natural gas supplier Gazprom, largely the result of unreimbursed natural gas consumption in the breakaway region of Transnistria. Moldova and Romania inaugurated the Ungheni-Iasi natural gas interconnector project in August 2014. The 43-kilometer pipeline between Moldova and Romania, allows for both the import and export of natural gas. Several technical and regulatory delays kept gas from flowing into Moldova until March 2015. Romanian gas exports to Moldova are largely symbolic. In 2018, Moldova awarded a tender to Romanian Transgaz to construct a pipeline connecting Ungheni to Chisinau, bringing the gas to Moldovan population centers. Moldova also seeks to connect with the European power grid by 2022. ++ The government's stated goal of EU integration has resulted in some market-oriented progress. Moldova experienced better than expected economic growth in 2017, largely driven by increased consumption, increased revenue from agricultural exports, and improved tax collection. During fall 2014, Moldova signed an Association Agreement and a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement with the EU (AA/DCFTA), connecting Moldovan products to the world's largest market. The EU AA/DCFTA has contributed to significant growth in Moldova's exports to the EU. In 2017, the EU purchased over 65% of Moldova's exports, a major change from 20 years previously when the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) received over 69% of Moldova's exports. A $1 billion asset-stripping heist of Moldovan banks in late 2014 delivered a significant shock to the economy in 2015; the subsequent bank bailout increased inflationary pressures and contributed to the depreciation of the leu and a minor recession. Moldova's growth has also been hampered by endemic corruption, which limits business growth and deters foreign investment, and Russian restrictions on imports of Moldova's agricultural products. The government's push to restore stability and implement meaningful reform led to the approval in 2016 of a $179 million three-year IMF program focused on improving the banking and fiscal environments, along with additional assistance programs from the EU, World Bank, and Romania. Moldova received two IMF tranches in 2017, totaling over $42.5 million. ++ Over the longer term, Moldova's economy remains vulnerable to corruption, political uncertainty, weak administrative capacity, vested bureaucratic interests, energy import dependence, Russian political and economic pressure, heavy dependence on agricultural exports, and unresolved separatism in Moldova's Transnistria region." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$23.72 billion (2017 est.) / $22.69 billion (2016 est.) / $21.75 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 143 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$9.556 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4.5% (2017 est.) / 4.3% (2016 est.) / -0.4% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 62 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "4.8% (2019 est.) / 3% (2018 est.) / 6.5% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 180 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B3 (2010)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$25.912 billion (2019 est.) / $25.047 billion (2018 est.) / $24.014 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$11.982 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$6,700 (2017 est.) / $6,400 (2016 est.) / $6,100 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 162 + "text": "$2,441 (2019 est.) / $2,354 (2018 est.) / $2,253 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 185 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "13.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 15.9% of GDP (2016 est.) / 14.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 143 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "17.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "20.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "62% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "85.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -561,16 +580,8 @@ "text": "-70.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "17.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "20.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "62% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "95.7 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "vegetables, fruits, grapes, grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, tobacco; beef, milk; wine" @@ -599,7 +610,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4.99% (2019 est.) / 3.16% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 76 + "country comparison to the world": 77 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "9.6% (2015 est.)" @@ -636,17 +647,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "6.6% (2017 est.) / 6.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 191 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$602 million (2017 est.) / -$268 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 126 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.858 billion (2017 est.) / $2.045 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 142 + "text": "$3.985 billion (2019 est.) / $3.826 billion (2018 est.) / $3.57 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 123 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Romania 24.6%, Russia 13.7%, Italy 9.1%, Germany 6.2%, Ukraine 5.3%, UK 4.6%, Poland 4.6% (2017)" @@ -655,8 +662,8 @@ "text": "foodstuffs, textiles, machinery" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$4.427 billion (2017 est.) / $3.635 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 136 + "text": "$7.113 billion (2019 est.) / $6.765 billion (2018 est.) / $6.165 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 124 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "mineral products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles" @@ -705,7 +712,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "86% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 67 + "country comparison to the world": 66 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index 90612918..05ea17a3 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "360 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 162 + "country comparison to the world": 161 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Connecticut; slightly larger than twice the size of Delaware" @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "609,859 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 171 + "country comparison to the world": 170 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -173,11 +173,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.37% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 221 + "country comparison to the world": 220 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 171 + "country comparison to the world": 170 }, "Death rate": { "text": "10.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-4.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 196 + "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "highest population density is concentrated in the south, southwest; the extreme eastern border is the least populated area" @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ "female": { "text": "4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.82 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 148 + "country comparison to the world": 147 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "20.7% (2018)" @@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ "text": "President Milo DJUKANOVIC (since 20 May 2018)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Dusko MARKOVIC (since 28 November 2016)" + "text": "Prime Minister Zdravko KRIVOKAPIC (since 4 December 2020)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Ministers act as cabinet" @@ -531,30 +531,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Montenegro's economy is transitioning to a market system. Around 90% of Montenegrin state-owned companies have been privatized, including 100% of banking, telecommunications, and oil distribution. Tourism, which accounts for more than 20% of Montenegro's GDP, brings in three times as many visitors as Montenegro's total population every year. Several new luxury tourism complexes are in various stages of development along the coast, and a number are being offered in connection with nearby boating and yachting facilities. In addition to tourism, energy and agriculture are considered two distinct pillars of the economy. Only 20% of Montenegro's hydropower potential is utilized. Montenegro plans to become a net energy exporter, and the construction of an underwater cable to Italy, which will be completed by the end of 2018, will help meet its goal. ++ Montenegro uses the euro as its domestic currency, though it is not an official member of the euro zone. In January 2007, Montenegro joined the World Bank and IMF, and in December 2011, the WTO. Montenegro began negotiations to join the EU in 2012, having met the conditions set down by the European Council, which called on Montenegro to take steps to fight corruption and organized crime. ++ The government recognizes the need to remove impediments in order to remain competitive and open the economy to foreign investors. Net foreign direct investment in 2017 reached $848 million and investment per capita is one of the highest in Europe, due to a low corporate tax rate. The biggest foreign investors in Montenegro in 2017 were Norway, Russia, Italy, Azerbaijan and Hungary. ++ Montenegro is currently planning major overhauls of its road and rail networks, and possible expansions of its air transportation system. In 2014, the Government of Montenegro selected two Chinese companies to construct a 41 km-long section of the country's highway system, which will become part of China's Belt and Road Initiative. Cheaper borrowing costs have stimulated Montenegro's growing debt, which currently sits at 65.9% of GDP, with a forecast, absent fiscal consolidation, to increase to 80% once the repayment to China's Ex/Im Bank of a €800 million highway loan begins in 2019. Montenegro first instituted a value-added tax (VAT) in April 2003, and introduced differentiated VAT rates of 17% and 7% (for tourism) in January 2006. The Montenegrin Government increased the non-tourism Value Added Tax (VAT) rate to 21% as of January 2018, with the goal of reducing its public debt." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$11.08 billion (2017 est.) / $10.63 billion (2016 est.) / $10.32 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 160 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$4.784 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4.3% (2017 est.) / 2.9% (2016 est.) / 3.4% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 67 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.3% (2019 est.) / 2.6% (2018 est.) / 2.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 35 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B1 (2016)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B+ (2014)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$11.08 billion (2017 est.) / $10.63 billion (2016 est.) / $10.32 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$5.486 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$17,800 (2017 est.) / $17,100 (2016 est.) / $16,600 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 100 + "country comparison to the world": 79 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "13.2% of GDP (2017 est.) / 9.9% of GDP (2016 est.) / 9.1% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 144 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "7.5% (2016 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "15.9% (2016 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "76.6% (2016 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "76.8% (2016 est.)" @@ -575,16 +597,8 @@ "text": "-63% (2016 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "7.5% (2016 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "15.9% (2016 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "76.6% (2016 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "86.7 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "tobacco, potatoes, citrus fruits, olives and related products, grapes; sheep, wine" @@ -613,7 +627,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "15.82% (2019 est.) / 18.8% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 177 + "country comparison to the world": 178 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "8.6% (2013 est.)" @@ -650,10 +664,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.4% (2017 est.) / -0.3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 120 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$780 million (2017 est.) / -$710 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 137 @@ -664,7 +674,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$2.618 billion (2017 est.) / $2.29 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 154 + "country comparison to the world": 159 }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "text": "$1.077 billion (31 December 2017 est.) / $846.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)", @@ -706,7 +716,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "23% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 192 + "country comparison to the world": 191 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -853,7 +863,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "5 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 182 + "country comparison to the world": 181 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { @@ -939,7 +949,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "142 (2019)" }, - "note": "note: 17,051 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2020)" + "note": "note: 17,287 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-December 2020)" } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/europe/mk.json b/europe/mk.json index 1091b2d3..9c143806 100644 --- a/europe/mk.json +++ b/europe/mk.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "280 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 150 + "country comparison to the world": 149 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than Vermont; almost four times the size of Delaware" @@ -170,11 +170,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.15% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 183 + "country comparison to the world": 182 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "10.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 183 + "country comparison to the world": 182 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 68 + "country comparison to the world": 67 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations" @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "female": { "text": "6.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 156 + "country comparison to the world": 155 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.5 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "40.2% (2011)" @@ -518,30 +518,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Since its independence in 1991, Macedonia has made progress in liberalizing its economy and improving its business environment. Its low tax rates and free economic zones have helped to attract foreign investment, which is still low relative to the rest of Europe. Corruption and weak rule of law remain significant problems. Some businesses complain of opaque regulations and unequal enforcement of the law. ++ ++ Macedonia's economy is closely linked to Europe as a customer for exports and source of investment, and has suffered as a result of prolonged weakness in the euro zone. Unemployment has remained consistently high at about 23% but may be overstated based on the existence of an extensive gray market, estimated to be between 20% and 45% of GDP, which is not captured by official statistics. ++ ++ Macedonia is working to build a country-wide natural gas pipeline and distribution network. Currently, Macedonia receives its small natural gas supplies from Russia via Bulgaria. In 2016, Macedonia signed a memorandum of understanding with Greece to build an interconnector that could connect to the Trans Adriatic Pipeline that will traverse the region once complete, or to an LNG import terminal in Greece. ++ ++ Macedonia maintained macroeconomic stability through the global financial crisis by conducting prudent monetary policy, which keeps the domestic currency pegged to the euro, and inflation at a low level. However, in the last two years, the internal political crisis has hampered economic performance, with GDP growth slowing in 2016 and 2017, and both domestic private and public investments declining. Fiscal policies were lax, with unproductive public expenditures, including subsidies and pension increases, and rising guarantees for the debt of state owned enterprises, and fiscal targets were consistently missed. In 2017, public debt stabilized at about 47% of GDP, still relatively low compared to its Western Balkan neighbors and the rest of Europe." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$31.03 billion (2017 est.) / $31.02 billion (2016 est.) / $30.15 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars; Macedonia has a large informal sector that may not be reflected in these data", - "country comparison to the world": 131 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$11.37 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "0% (2017 est.) / 2.9% (2016 est.) / 3.9% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 194 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.7% (2019 est.) / 1.4% (2018 est.) / 1.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 54 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB+ (2019)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BB- (2013)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$31.03 billion (2017 est.) / $31.02 billion (2016 est.) / $30.15 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars; Macedonia has a large informal sector that may not be reflected in these data" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$12.696 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$14,900 (2017 est.) / $15,000 (2016 est.) / $14,600 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 113 + "country comparison to the world": 95 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "30.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 29.9% of GDP (2016 est.) / 28.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 29 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "10.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "26.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "62.5% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "65.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -562,16 +584,8 @@ "text": "-69% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "10.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "26.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "62.5% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "88.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grapes, tobacco, vegetables, fruits; milk, eggs" @@ -600,7 +614,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "17.29% (2019 est.) / 20.7% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 181 + "country comparison to the world": 182 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "21.5% (2015 est.)" @@ -637,17 +651,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.) / -0.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 78 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$151 million (2017 est.) / -$293 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 93 }, "Exports": { "text": "$4.601 billion (2017 est.) / $3.75 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 112 + "country comparison to the world": 119 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 46.7%, Bulgaria 6.1%, Serbia 4.4%, Belgium 4.1% (2017)" @@ -657,7 +667,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$6.63 billion (2017 est.) / $5.805 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 115 + "country comparison to the world": 125 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, automobiles, chemicals, fuels, food products" @@ -705,7 +715,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "60% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 132 + "country comparison to the world": 131 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/mn.json b/europe/mn.json index 203dd068..2f60db83 100644 --- a/europe/mn.json +++ b/europe/mn.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 255 + "country comparison to the world": 254 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about three times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC" @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ "Population": { "text": "39,000 (2019 est.)", "note": "note: immigrants make up almost 68% of the total population, according to UN data (2019)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Monegasque 32.1%, French 19.9%, Italian 15.3%, British 5%, Belgian 2.3%, Swiss 2%, German 1.9%, Russian 1.8%, American 1.1%, Dutch 1.1%, Moroccan 1%, other 16.6% ++ note: data represent population by country of birth ++ French 24.9%, Monegasque 22.5%, Italian 21.9%, British 7.5%, Swiss 3.2%, Belgian 2.9%, German 2.4%, Russian 2%, Dutch 1.5%, Portuguese 1.4%, Greek 1.1%, American 1%, other 7.7% ++ note: data represent population by nationality (2016 est.)" + "text": "Monegasque 32.1%, French 19.9%, Italian 15.3%, British 5%, Belgian 2.3%, Swiss 2%, German 1.9%, Russian 1.8%, American 1.1%, Dutch 1.1%, Moroccan 1%, other 16.6% ++ note: data represent population by country of birth (2016 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque" @@ -157,11 +157,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.37% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 165 + "country comparison to the world": 164 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "6.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 229 + "country comparison to the world": 228 }, "Death rate": { "text": "10.8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ "female": { "text": "1.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 227 + "country comparison to the world": 226 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.55 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 173 + "country comparison to the world": 167 }, "Unemployment, youth ages 15-24": { "total": { @@ -442,24 +442,27 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The principality also is a banking center and has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. ++ The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. Monaco, however, is not a tax-free shelter; it charges nearly 20% value-added tax, collects stamp duties, and companies face a 33% tax on profits unless they can show that three-quarters of profits are generated within the principality. Monaco was formally removed from the OECD's \"grey list\" of uncooperative tax jurisdictions in late 2009, but continues to face international pressure to abandon its banking secrecy laws and help combat tax evasion. In October 2014, Monaco officially became the 84th jurisdiction participating in the OECD's Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters, an effort to combat offshore tax avoidance and evasion. ++ Monaco's reliance on tourism and banking for its economic growth has left it vulnerable to downturns in France and other European economies which are the principality's main trade partners. In 2009, Monaco's GDP fell by 11.5% as the euro-zone crisis precipitated a sharp drop in tourism and retail activity and home sales. A modest recovery ensued in 2010 and intensified in 2013, with GDP growth of more than 9%, but Monaco's economic prospects remain uncertain." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "5.4% (2015 est.) / 7.2% (2014 est.) / 9.6% (2013 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 35 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.5% (2010)", + "country comparison to the world": 90 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$7.672 billion (2015 est.) / $7.279 billion (2014 est.) / $6.79 billion (2013 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 165 + "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$6.006 billion (2015 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.4% (2015 est.) / 7.2% (2014 est.) / 9.6% (2013 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 36 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$115,700 (2015 est.) / $109,200 (2014 est.) / $101,900 (2013 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 4 + "country comparison to the world": 3 }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -472,6 +475,8 @@ "text": "86% (2013)" } }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "none" }, @@ -485,7 +490,7 @@ "Labor force": { "text": "52,000 (2014 est.)", "note": "note: includes all foreign workers", - "country comparison to the world": 190 + "country comparison to the world": 189 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -532,10 +537,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.5% (2010)", - "country comparison to the world": 84 - }, "Exports": { "text": "$964.6 million (2017 est.) / $1.115 billion (2011)", "note": "note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France", @@ -544,7 +545,7 @@ "Imports": { "text": "$1.371 billion (2017 est.) / $1.162 billion (2011 est.)", "note": "note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France", - "country comparison to the world": 176 + "country comparison to the world": 177 }, "Debt - external": { "note": "NA" diff --git a/europe/mt.json b/europe/mt.json index 9c7ba3d2..e63dddc0 100644 --- a/europe/mt.json +++ b/europe/mt.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Washington, DC" @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "457,267 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 175 + "country comparison to the world": 174 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -171,11 +171,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.87% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 119 + "country comparison to the world": 118 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "9.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 192 + "country comparison to the world": 191 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ "female": { "text": "4.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 181 + "country comparison to the world": 180 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.49 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -298,8 +298,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 28 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.3% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 50 + "text": "4.8% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 66 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Mark A. SCHAPIRO (since 29 September 2018)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Gwendolyn \"Wendy\" GREEN (since August 2020)" }, "telephone": { "text": "[356] 2561-4000" @@ -508,30 +508,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Malta's free market economy – the smallest economy in the euro-zone – relies heavily on trade in both goods and services, principally with Europe. Malta produces less than a quarter of its food needs, has limited fresh water supplies, and has few domestic energy sources. Malta's economy is dependent on foreign trade, manufacturing, and tourism. Malta joined the EU in 2004 and adopted the euro on 1 January 2008. ++ Malta has weathered the euro-zone crisis better than most EU member states due to a low debt-to-GDP ratio and financially sound banking sector. It maintains one of the lowest unemployment rates in Europe, and growth has fully recovered since the 2009 recession. In 2014 through 2016, Malta led the euro zone in growth, expanding more than 4.5% per year. ++ Malta's services sector continues to grow, with sustained growth in the financial services and online gaming sectors. Advantageous tax schemes remained attractive to foreign investors, though EU discussions of anti-tax avoidance measures have raised concerns among Malta's financial services and insurance providers, as the measures could have a significant impact on those sectors. The tourism sector also continued to grow, with 2016 showing record-breaking numbers of both air and cruise passenger arrivals. ++ Malta's GDP growth remains strong and is supported by a strong labor market. The government has implemented new programs, including free childcare, to encourage increased labor participation. The high cost of borrowing and small labor market remain potential constraints to future economic growth. Increasingly, other EU and European migrants are relocating to Malta for employment, though wages have remained low compared to other European countries. Inflation remains low." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$19.26 billion (2017 est.) / $18.05 billion (2016 est.) / $17.16 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 152 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$12.58 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4.94% (2019 est.) / 5.17% (2018 est.) / 8.03% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 49 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.6% (2019 est.) / 1.1% (2018 est.) / 1.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 94 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "A+ (2017)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A2 (2019)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "A- (2016)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$21.639 billion (2019 est.) / $20.624 billion (2018 est.) / $19.609 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$14.986 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$41,900 (2017 est.) / $40,100 (2016 est.) / $39,000 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 43 + "text": "$37,300 (2019 est.) / $35,642 (2018 est.) / $33,989 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 46 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "33.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 31.8% of GDP (2016 est.) / 31.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 22 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "10.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "88.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "45.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -552,16 +577,8 @@ "text": "-117.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "10.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "88.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "88.2 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "potatoes, cauliflower, grapes, wheat, barley, tomatoes, citrus, cut flowers, green peppers; pork, milk, poultry, eggs" @@ -627,17 +644,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.) / 0.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 69 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$1.561 billion (2019 est.) / $1.55 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 46 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$3.272 billion (2017 est.) / $2.493 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 125 + "text": "$23.868 billion (2019 est.) / $22.475 billion (2018 est.) / $22.607 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 75 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 17.3%, France 10.2%, Italy 9.4%, Singapore 5.9%, Hong Kong 5.8%, US 5.7%, Japan 4.9%, Libya 4.5% (2017)" @@ -646,8 +659,8 @@ "text": "machinery and mechanical appliances; mineral fuels, oils and petroleum products; pharmaceutical products; books and newspapers; aircraft/spacecraft and parts; toys, games, and sports equipment" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$4.996 billion (2017 est.) / $4.965 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 129 + "text": "$21.94 billion (2019 est.) / $20.335 billion (2018 est.) / $20.257 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 79 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "mineral fuels, oils and products; electrical machinery; aircraft/spacecraft and parts thereof; machinery and mechanical appliances; plastic and other semi-manufactured goods; vehicles and parts" @@ -664,7 +677,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 53 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -695,7 +708,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "81% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 80 + "country comparison to the world": 79 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -842,7 +855,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "1 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 228 + "country comparison to the world": 227 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { @@ -917,7 +930,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "11 (2018)" }, - "note": "note: 7,256 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (January 2015-October 2020)" + "note": "note: 7,281 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (January 2015-November 2020)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western Europe" diff --git a/europe/nl.json b/europe/nl.json index 3c1d3d77..6f09a296 100644 --- a/europe/nl.json +++ b/europe/nl.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "7,650 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 135 + "country comparison to the world": 134 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey" @@ -178,11 +178,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.37% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 166 + "country comparison to the world": 165 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 179 + "country comparison to the world": 178 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 50 + "country comparison to the world": 49 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "an area known as the Randstad, anchored by the cities of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, the Hague, and Utrecht, is the most densely populated region; the north tends to be less dense, though sizeable communities can be found throughout the entire country" @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.77 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 154 + "country comparison to the world": 153 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "73% (2013)", @@ -309,8 +309,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 99 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.5% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 39 + "text": "5.2% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 51 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ "text": "bicameral States General or Staten Generaal consists of: First Chamber or Eerste Kamer (75 seats; members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial council members by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) ++ Second Chamber or Tweede Kamer (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve up to 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "First Chamber - last held on 27 May 2019 (next to be held on NA May 2023) ++ Second Chamber - last held on 15 March 2017 (next to be held 15 March 2021)" + "text": "First Chamber - last held on 27 May 2019 (next to be held on NA May 2023) ++ Second Chamber - last held on 15 March 2017 (next to be held on 17 March 2021)" }, "election results": { "text": "First Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FvD 12, VVD 12, CDA 9, GL 8, D66 7, MvdA 6, PVV 5, SP 4, CU 4, other 8; composition - men 49, women 26, percent of women 34.7% ++ Second Chamber - percent of vote by party - VVD 21.3%, PVV 13.1%, CDA 12.4%, D66 12.2%, GL 9.1%, SP 9.1%, PvdA 5.7%, CU 3.4%, PvdD 3.2%, 50 Plus 3.1%, other 7.4%; seats by party - VVD 33, PVV 20, CDA 19, D66 19, GL 14, SP 14, PvdA 9, CU 5, PvdD 5, 50 Plus 4, other 8; composition - men 96, women 54, percent of women 36%; note - total States General percent of women 35.6%" @@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Sybrand VAN HAERSMA BUMA] ++ Christian Union or CU [Gert-Jan SEGERS] ++ Democrats 66 or D66 [Rob JETTEN] ++ Denk [Tunahan KUZU] ++ 50 Plus [Henk KROL] ++ Forum for Democracy or FvD [Thierry BAUDET] ++ Green Left or GL [Jesse KLAVER] ++ Labor Party or PvdA [Lodewijk ASSCHER] ++ Party for Freedom or PVV [Geert WILDERS] ++ Party for the Animals or PvdD [Marianne THIEME] ++ People's Party for Freedom and Democracy or VVD [Mark RUTTE] ++ Reformed Political Party or SGP [Kees VAN DER STAAIJ] ++ Socialist Party or SP [Emile ROEMER] ++ plus a few minor parties" + "text": "Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Sybrand VAN HAERSMA BUMA] ++ Christian Union or CU [Gert-Jan SEGERS] ++ Democrats 66 or D66 [Rob JETTEN] ++ Denk [Tunahan KUZU] ++ 50 Plus [Henk KROL] ++ Forum for Democracy or FvD (vacant) ++ Green Left or GL [Jesse KLAVER] ++ Labor Party or PvdA [Lodewijk ASSCHER] ++ Party for Freedom or PVV [Geert WILDERS] ++ Party for the Animals or PvdD [Marianne THIEME] ++ People's Party for Freedom and Democracy or VVD [Mark RUTTE] ++ Reformed Political Party or SGP [Kees VAN DER STAAIJ] ++ Socialist Party or SP [Emile ROEMER] ++ plus a few minor parties" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNRWA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -515,30 +515,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The Netherlands, the sixth-largest economy in the European Union, plays an important role as a European transportation hub, with a consistently high trade surplus, stable industrial relations, and low unemployment. Industry focuses on food processing, chemicals, petroleum refining, and electrical machinery. A highly mechanized agricultural sector employs only 2% of the labor force but provides large surpluses for food-processing and underpins the country's status as the world's second largest agricultural exporter. ++ The Netherlands is part of the euro zone, and as such, its monetary policy is controlled by the European Central Bank. The Dutch financial sector is highly concentrated, with four commercial banks possessing over 80% of banking assets, and is four times the size of Dutch GDP. ++ In 2008, during the financial crisis, the government budget deficit hit 5.3% of GDP. Following a protracted recession from 2009 to 2013, during which unemployment doubled to 7.4% and household consumption contracted for four consecutive years, economic growth began inching forward in 2014. Since 2010, Prime Minister Mark RUTTE's government has implemented significant austerity measures to improve public finances and has instituted broad structural reforms in key policy areas, including the labor market, the housing sector, the energy market, and the pension system. In 2017, the government budget returned to a surplus of 0.7% of GDP, with economic growth of 3.2%, and GDP per capita finally surpassed pre-crisis levels. The fiscal policy announced by the new government in the 2018-2021 coalition plans for increases in government consumption and public investment, fueling domestic demand and household consumption and investment. The new government's policy also plans to increase demand for workers in the public and private sector, forecasting a further decline in the unemployment rate, which hit 4.8% in 2017." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$924.4 billion (2017 est.) / $898.6 billion (2016 est.) / $879.4 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 27 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$832.2 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.63% (2019 est.) / 2.32% (2018 est.) / 3.02% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 150 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.6% (2019 est.) / 1.7% (2018 est.) / 1.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 132 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AAA (1994)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aaa (1986)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AAA (2015)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$884.715 billion (2019 est.) / $870.525 billion (2018 est.) / $850.814 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$907.042 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$53,900 (2017 est.) / $52,800 (2016 est.) / $51,900 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 23 + "text": "$56,329 (2019 est.) / $55,547 (2018 est.) / $54,412 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 22 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "31.2% of GDP (2017 est.) / 28.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 28.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 28 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "17.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "70.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "44.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -559,16 +584,8 @@ "text": "-72.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "17.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "70.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "94.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "vegetables, ornamentals, dairy, poultry and livestock products; propagation materials" @@ -597,7 +614,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.41% (2019 est.) / 3.84% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 46 + "country comparison to the world": 47 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "8.8% (2015 est.)" @@ -634,17 +651,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.) / 0.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 70 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$90.207 billion (2019 est.) / $98.981 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 4 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$555.6 billion (2017 est.) / $495.4 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 6 + "text": "$857.574 billion (2019 est.) / $835.759 billion (2018 est.) / $801.942 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 7 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 24.2%, Belgium 10.7%, UK 8.8%, France 8.8%, Italy 4.2% (2017)" @@ -653,8 +666,8 @@ "text": "machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, mineral fuels; food and livestock, manufactured goods" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$453.8 billion (2017 est.) / $402.9 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 10 + "text": "$755.65 billion (2019 est.) / $732.865 billion (2018 est.) / $700.657 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 7 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs, clothing" @@ -671,7 +684,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 5 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -702,7 +715,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "75% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 95 + "country comparison to the world": 94 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "1% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -954,12 +967,12 @@ "text": "17 years of age for an all-volunteer force (2016)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); C-SOCC is scheduled to be fully operational in 2021 (2020)" + "text": "in 2018, the Defense Ministers of Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of a Composite Special Operations Component Command (C-SOCC); the C-SOCC was declared operational in December 2020" } }, "Terrorism": { "Terrorist group(s)": { - "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) (2019)", + "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) (2020)", "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T" } }, diff --git a/europe/no.json b/europe/no.json index a01256f6..3d7591ad 100644 --- a/europe/no.json +++ b/europe/no.json @@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.85% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 123 + "country comparison to the world": 122 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "12.2 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 159 + "country comparison to the world": 158 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 29 + "country comparison to the world": 28 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most Norweigans live in the south where the climate is milder and there is better connectivity to mainland Europe; population clusters are found all along the North Sea coast in the southwest, and Skaggerak in the southeast; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated" @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ "female": { "text": "2.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 223 + "country comparison to the world": 222 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.84 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 141 + "country comparison to the world": 140 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 68 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "8% of GDP (2016)", + "text": "7.9% of GDP (2017)", "country comparison to the world": 5 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { @@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ "text": "unicameral Parliament or Storting (169 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 11 September 2017 (next to be held in September 2021)" + "text": "last held on 11 September 2017 (next to be held on 13 September 2021)" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party - Ap 27.4%, H 25%, FrP 15.2%, SP 10.3%, SV 6%, V 4.4%, KrF 4.2%, MDG 3.2%, R 2.4%, other/invalid 1.9%; seats by party - Ap 49, H 45, FrP 27, SP 19, SV 11, V 8, KrF 8, MDG 1, R 1; composition - men 99, women 70, percent of women 41.4%" @@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Kenneth BRAITHWAITE (since 8 February 2018)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Richard RILEY (since 17 September 2018)" }, "telephone": { "text": "[47] 21-30-85-40" @@ -509,30 +509,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Norway has a stable economy with a vibrant private sector, a large state sector, and an extensive social safety net. Norway opted out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994. However, as a member of the European Economic Area, Norway partially participates in the EU's single market and contributes sizably to the EU budget. ++ The country is richly endowed with natural resources such as oil and gas, fish, forests, and minerals. Norway is a leading producer and the world's second largest exporter of seafood, after China. The government manages the country's petroleum resources through extensive regulation. The petroleum sector provides about 9% of jobs, 12% of GDP, 13% of the state's revenue, and 37% of exports, according to official national estimates. Norway is one of the world's leading petroleum exporters, although oil production is close to 50% below its peak in 2000. Gas production, conversely, has more than doubled since 2000. Although oil production is historically low, it rose in 2016 for the third consecutive year due to the higher production of existing oil fields and to new fields coming on stream. Norway's domestic electricity production relies almost entirely on hydropower. ++ In anticipation of eventual declines in oil and gas production, Norway saves state revenue from petroleum sector activities in the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, valued at over $1 trillion at the end of 2017. To help balance the federal budget each year, the government follows a \"fiscal rule,\" which states that spending of revenues from petroleum and fund investments shall correspond to the expected real rate of return on the fund, an amount it estimates is sustainable over time. In February 2017, the government revised the expected rate of return for the fund downward from 4% to 3%. ++ After solid GDP growth in the 2004-07 period, the economy slowed in 2008, and contracted in 2009, before returning to modest, positive growth from 2010 to 2017. The Norwegian economy has been adjusting to lower energy prices, as demonstrated by growth in labor force participation and employment in 2017. GDP growth was about 1.5% in 2017, driven largely by domestic demand, which has been boosted by the rebound in the labor market and supportive fiscal policies. Economic growth is expected to remain constant or improve slightly in the next few years." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$381.2 billion (2017 est.) / $374 billion (2016 est.) / $370 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 48 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$398.8 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "0.86% (2019 est.) / 1.36% (2018 est.) / 2.75% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 176 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.1% (2019 est.) / 2.7% (2018 est.) / 1.8% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 113 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AAA (1995)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aaa (1997)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AAA (1975)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$326.29 billion (2019 est.) / $323.514 billion (2018 est.) / $319.174 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$405.695 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$72,100 (2017 est.) / $71,200 (2016 est.) / $71,100 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 11 + "text": "$91,781 (2019 est.) / $91,698 (2018 est.) / $91,179 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 6 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "34.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 33.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 35.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 18 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "33.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "64% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "44.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -553,16 +578,8 @@ "text": "-33.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "33.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "64% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "94.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "barley, wheat, potatoes; pork, beef, veal, milk; fish" @@ -591,7 +608,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.72% (2019 est.) / 3.89% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 53 + "country comparison to the world": 54 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -628,17 +645,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.) / 3.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 99 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$16.656 billion (2019 est.) / $31.111 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 18 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$102.8 billion (2017 est.) / $88.88 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 36 + "text": "$185.101 billion (2019 est.) / $184.094 billion (2018 est.) / $185.952 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 35 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "UK 21.1%, Germany 15.5%, Netherlands 9.9%, Sweden 6.6%, France 6.4%, Belgium 4.8%, Denmark 4.7%, US 4.6% (2017)" @@ -647,8 +660,8 @@ "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, machinery and equipment, metals, chemicals, ships, fish" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$95.06 billion (2017 est.) / $74.94 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 36 + "text": "$158.037 billion (2019 est.) / $150.972 billion (2018 est.) / $148.802 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 38 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs" @@ -666,7 +679,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 17 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar - / 8.308 (2017 est.) / 8.3978 (2016 est.) / 8.3978 (2015 est.) / 8.0646 (2014 est.) / 6.3021 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar - / 8.81535 (2020 est.) / 9.14245 (2019 est.) / 8.4837 (2018 est.) / 8.0646 (2014 est.) / 6.3021 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -697,7 +710,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "3% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/pl.json b/europe/pl.json index a0ddaa31..d39a4f25 100644 --- a/europe/pl.json +++ b/europe/pl.json @@ -175,11 +175,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.19% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Death rate": { "text": "10.6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 120 + "country comparison to the world": 119 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population concentrated in the southern area around Krakow and the central area around Warsaw and Lodz, with an extension to the northern coastal city of Gdansk" @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 185 + "country comparison to the world": 184 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.38 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "country comparison to the world": 217 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "62.3% (2014)" @@ -311,8 +311,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 69 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.6% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 84 + "text": "4.6% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 75 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -532,30 +532,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Poland has the sixth-largest economy in the EU and has long had a reputation as a business-friendly country with largely sound macroeconomic policies. Since 1990, Poland has pursued a policy of economic liberalization. During the 2008-09 economic slowdown Poland was the only EU country to avoid a recession, in part because of the government's loose fiscal policy combined with a commitment to rein in spending in the medium-term Poland is the largest recipient of EU development funds and their cyclical allocation can significantly impact the rate of economic growth. ++ The Polish economy performed well during the 2014-17 period, with the real GDP growth rate generally exceeding 3%, in part because of increases in government social spending that have helped to accelerate consumer-driven growth. However, since 2015, Poland has implemented new business restrictions and taxes on foreign-dominated economic sectors, including banking and insurance, energy, and healthcare, that have dampened investor sentiment and has increased the government's ownership of some firms. The government reduced the retirement age in 2016 and has had mixed success in introducing new taxes and boosting tax compliance to offset the increased costs of social spending programs and relieve upward pressure on the budget deficit. Some credit ratings agencies estimate that Poland during the next few years is at risk of exceeding the EU's 3%-of-GDP limit on budget deficits, possibly impacting its access to future EU funds. Poland's economy is projected to perform well in the next few years in part because of an anticipated cyclical increase in the use of its EU development funds and continued, robust household spending. ++ Poland faces several systemic challenges, which include addressing some of the remaining deficiencies in its road and rail infrastructure, business environment, rigid labor code, commercial court system, government red tape, and burdensome tax system, especially for entrepreneurs. Additional long-term challenges include diversifying Poland's energy mix, strengthening investments in innovation, research, and development, as well as stemming the outflow of educated young Poles to other EU member states, especially in light of a coming demographic contraction due to emigration, persistently low fertility rates, and the aging of the Solidarity-era baby boom generation." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.126 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.076 trillion (2016 est.) / $1.045 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 23 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$524.8 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4.55% (2019 est.) / 5.36% (2018 est.) / 4.83% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 61 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.1% (2019 est.) / 1.7% (2018 est.) / 2% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 115 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "A- (2007)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A2 (2002)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "A- (2018)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$1,189,207,000,000 (2019 est.) / $1,137,551,000,000 (2018 est.) / $1,079,745,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$595.72 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$29,600 (2017 est.) / $28,300 (2016 est.) / $27,500 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 69 + "text": "$18,768 (2019 est.) / $17,937 (2018 est.) / $17,011 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 77 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "20% of GDP (2017 est.) / 19.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 19.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 97 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "40.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "57.4% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "58.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -576,16 +601,8 @@ "text": "-49.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "40.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "57.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "82.9 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry, eggs, pork, dairy" @@ -614,7 +631,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5.43% (2019 est.) / 6.08% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 87 + "country comparison to the world": 88 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "17.6% (2015 est.)" @@ -651,17 +668,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.) / -0.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 106 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$2.92 billion (2019 est.) / -$7.52 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 35 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$224.6 billion (2017 est.) / $195.7 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 23 + "text": "$394.848 billion (2019 est.) / $375.525 billion (2018 est.) / $351.125 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 21 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 27.4%, Czech Republic 6.4%, UK 6.4%, France 5.6%, Italy 4.9%, Netherlands 4.4% (2017)" @@ -670,8 +683,8 @@ "text": "machinery and transport equipment 37.8%, intermediate manufactured goods 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 17.1%, food and live animals 7.6% (2012 est.)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$223.8 billion (2017 est.) / $193.2 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 23 + "text": "$364.993 billion (2019 est.) / $353.423 billion (2018 est.) / $328.919 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 20 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment 38%, intermediate manufactured goods 21%, chemicals 15%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, and related materials 9% (2011 est.)" @@ -688,7 +701,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 31 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "zlotych (PLN) per US dollar - / 3.748 (2017 est.) / 3.9459 (2016 est.) / 3.9459 (2015 est.) / 3.7721 (2014 est.) / 3.1538 (2013 est.)" + "text": "zlotych (PLN) per US dollar - / 3.6684 (2020 est.) / 3.8697 (2019 est.) / 3.76615 (2018 est.) / 3.7721 (2014 est.) / 3.1538 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -719,7 +732,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "79% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 87 + "country comparison to the world": 86 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/po.json b/europe/po.json index 38c3f3d1..0bd9e870 100644 --- a/europe/po.json +++ b/europe/po.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "620 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands", - "country comparison to the world": 112 + "country comparison to the world": 111 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Virginia" @@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ } }, "Geography - note": { - "text": "Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar" + "text": "Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar; they are two of the four North Atlantic archipelagos that make up Macaronesia; the others are the Canary Islands (Spain) and Cabo Verde" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.25% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 221 + "country comparison to the world": 220 }, "Death rate": { "text": "10.8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 71 + "country comparison to the world": 70 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities" @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "female": { "text": "2.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 219 + "country comparison to the world": 218 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.41 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "country comparison to the world": 215 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "73.9% (2014)" @@ -311,8 +311,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 95 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.9% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 67 + "text": "5% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 60 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -531,30 +531,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community - the EU's predecessor - in 1986. Over the following two decades, successive governments privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country joined the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU members. ++ The economy grew by more than the EU average for much of the 1990s, but the rate of growth slowed in 2001-08. After the global financial crisis in 2008, Portugal's economy contracted in 2009 and fell into recession from 2011 to 2013, as the government implemented spending cuts and tax increases to comply with conditions of an EU-IMF financial rescue package, signed in May 2011. Portugal successfully exited its EU-IMF program in May 2014, and its economic recovery gained traction in 2015 because of strong exports and a rebound in private consumption. GDP growth accelerated in 2016, and probably reached 2.5 % in 2017. Unemployment remained high, at 9.7% in 2017, but has improved steadily since peaking at 18% in 2013. ++ The center-left minority Socialist government has unwound some unpopular austerity measures while managing to remain within most EU fiscal targets. The budget deficit fell from 11.2% of GDP in 2010 to 1.8% in 2017, the country's lowest since democracy was restored in 1974, and surpassing the EU and IMF projections of 3%. Portugal exited the EU's excessive deficit procedure in mid-2017." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$314.1 billion (2017 est.) / $305.9 billion (2016 est.) / $301 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 55 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$218 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.24% (2019 est.) / 2.85% (2018 est.) / 3.51% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 126 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.3% (2019 est.) / 0.9% (2018 est.) / 1.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 37 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB (2007)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Baa3 (2018)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$307.045 billion (2019 est.) / $300.33 billion (2018 est.) / $292.01 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$237.698 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$30,500 (2017 est.) / $29,600 (2016 est.) / $29,100 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 67 + "text": "$24,808 (2019 est.) / $24,195 (2018 est.) / $23,451 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 62 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "16.8% of GDP (2017 est.) / 16.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 15.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 124 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "22.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "75.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "65.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -575,16 +600,8 @@ "text": "-42.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "22.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "75.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "90.9 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grain, potatoes, tomatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, dairy products; fish" @@ -613,7 +630,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "6.55% (2019 est.) / 7.05% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 102 + "country comparison to the world": 103 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "19% (2015 est.)" @@ -650,17 +667,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.) / 0.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 91 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$203 million (2019 est.) / $988 million (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 100 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$61 billion (2017 est.) / $54.76 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 47 + "text": "$114.512 billion (2019 est.) / $110.591 billion (2018 est.) / $106.201 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 42 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Spain 25.2%, France 12.5%, Germany 11.3%, UK 6.6%, US 5.2%, Netherlands 4% (2017)" @@ -669,8 +682,8 @@ "text": "agricultural products, foodstuffs, wine, oil products, chemical products, plastics and rubber, hides, leather, wood and cork, wood pulp and paper, textile materials, clothing, footwear, machinery and tools, base metals" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$74.73 billion (2017 est.) / $64.98 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 45 + "text": "$120.334 billion (2019 est.) / $114.957 billion (2018 est.) / $109.515 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 42 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "agricultural products, chemical products, vehicles and other transport material, optical and precision instruments, computer accessories and parts, semiconductors and related devices, oil products, base metals, food products, textile materials" @@ -687,7 +700,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 27 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.7525 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.7525 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -718,7 +731,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "41% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 168 + "country comparison to the world": 167 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -975,6 +988,11 @@ "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary or contract military service; no compulsory military service, but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1992, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; contract service lasts for an initial period from two to six years, and can be extended to a maximum of 20 years of service. Voluntary military service lasts 12 months; reserve obligation to age 35 (2017)" } }, + "Terrorism": { + "Terrorist group(s)": { + "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) (2019)" + } + }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { "text": "Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz" diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index ddff5555..e271113e 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 118 + "country comparison to the world": 117 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than South Carolina" @@ -173,11 +173,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.47% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 224 + "country comparison to the world": 223 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Death rate": { "text": "13.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 95 + "country comparison to the world": 94 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations" @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "female": { "text": "4.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 171 + "country comparison to the world": 170 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.46 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "58.4% (2014)" @@ -316,8 +316,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 116 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 105 + "text": "3.6% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 114 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -536,30 +536,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Serbia has a transitional economy largely dominated by market forces, but the state sector remains significant in certain areas. The economy relies on manufacturing and exports, driven largely by foreign investment. MILOSEVIC-era mismanagement of the economy, an extended period of international economic sanctions, civil war, and the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry during the NATO airstrikes in 1999 left the economy worse off than it was in 1990. In 2015, Serbia's GDP was 27.5% below where it was in 1989. ++ After former Federal Yugoslav President MILOSEVIC was ousted in September 2000, the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) coalition government implemented stabilization measures and embarked on a market reform program. Serbia renewed its membership in the IMF in December 2000 and rejoined the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Serbia has made progress in trade liberalization and enterprise restructuring and privatization, but many large enterprises - including the power utilities, telecommunications company, natural gas company, and others - remain state-owned. Serbia has made some progress towards EU membership, gaining candidate status in March 2012. In January 2014, Serbia's EU accession talks officially opened and, as of December 2017, Serbia had opened 12 negotiating chapters including one on foreign trade. Serbia's negotiations with the WTO are advanced, with the country's complete ban on the trade and cultivation of agricultural biotechnology products representing the primary remaining obstacle to accession. Serbia maintains a three-year Stand-by Arrangement with the IMF worth approximately $1.3 billion that is scheduled to end in February 2018. The government has shown progress implementing economic reforms, such as fiscal consolidation, privatization, and reducing public spending. ++ Unemployment in Serbia, while relatively low (16% in 2017) compared with its Balkan neighbors, remains significantly above the European average. Serbia is slowly implementing structural economic reforms needed to ensure the country's long-term prosperity. Serbia reduced its budget deficit to 1.7% of GDP and its public debt to 71% of GDP in 2017. Public debt had more than doubled between 2008 and 2015. Serbia's concerns about inflation and exchange-rate stability preclude the use of expansionary monetary policy. ++ Major economic challenges ahead include: stagnant household incomes; the need for private sector job creation; structural reforms of state-owned companies; strategic public sector reforms; and the need for new foreign direct investment. Other serious longer-term challenges include an inefficient judicial system, high levels of corruption, and an aging population. Factors favorable to Serbia's economic growth include the economic reforms it is undergoing as part of its EU accession process and IMF agreement, its strategic location, a relatively inexpensive and skilled labor force, and free trade agreements with the EU, Russia, Turkey, and countries that are members of the Central European Free Trade Agreement." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$105.7 billion (2017 est.) / $103.8 billion (2016 est.) / $101 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 82 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$41.43 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4.18% (2019 est.) / 4.4% (2018 est.) / 2.05% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 72 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-0.1% (2019 est.) / -1.1% (2018 est.) / 2% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 18 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB+ (2019)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba3 (2017)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BB+ (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$142.474 billion (2019 est.) / $136.668 billion (2018 est.) / $130.789 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$51.449 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$15,100 (2017 est.) / $14,700 (2016 est.) / $14,200 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 111 + "text": "$7,268 (2019 est.) / $6,947 (2018 est.) / $6,628 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 138 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "15.3% of GDP (2017 est.) / 16% of GDP (2016 est.) / 14.1% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 134 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "9.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "41.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "49.1% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "78.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -580,16 +605,8 @@ "text": "-61.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "9.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "41.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "49.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "96.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, maize, sunflower, sugar beets, grapes/wine, fruits (raspberries, apples, sour cherries), vegetables (tomatoes, peppers, potatoes), beef, pork, and meat products, milk and dairy products" @@ -618,7 +635,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "14.1% (2017 est.) / 15.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 171 + "country comparison to the world": 172 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "8.9% (2014 est.)" @@ -652,17 +669,13 @@ "text": "62.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 73.1% of GDP (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 70 }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.1% (2017 est.) / 1.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 133 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$2.354 billion (2017 est.) / -$1.189 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 170 }, "Exports": { "text": "$15.92 billion (2017 est.) / $13.99 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 73 + "country comparison to the world": 84 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Italy 13.5%, Germany 12.8%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.2%, Russia 6%, Romania 4.9% (2017)" @@ -672,7 +685,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$20.44 billion (2017 est.) / $17.63 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 76 + "country comparison to the world": 82 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, manufactured goods, chemicals, food and live animals, raw materials" @@ -720,7 +733,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "65% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 119 + "country comparison to the world": 118 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -970,7 +983,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "2,052 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (2018)" }, - "note": "note: 741,752 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2020); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 6,304 migrants and asylum seekers as of the end of May 2020; 8,827 migrant arrivals in 2018" + "note": "note: 747,865 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-December 2020); Serbia is predominantly a transit country and hosts an estimated 6,304 migrants and asylum seekers as of the end of May 2020" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money laundering" diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index 4f234ac6..843ab2a1 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "8,500 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 84 + "country comparison to the world": 83 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "twice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oregon" @@ -180,11 +180,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.37% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 222 + "country comparison to the world": 221 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "country comparison to the world": 215 }, "Death rate": { "text": "12 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 109 + "country comparison to the world": 108 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "urbanization is not particularly high, and a fairly even population distribution can be found throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; Hungarians, the country's largest minority, have a particularly strong presence in eastern Transylvania" @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ "female": { "text": "7.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 144 + "country comparison to the world": 143 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.38 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 219 + "country comparison to the world": 218 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -307,8 +307,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 75 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.1% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 136 + "text": "3.1% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 132 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ "text": "President Klaus Werner IOHANNIS (since 21 December 2014)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Ludovic ORBAN (since 4 November 2019); Deputy Prime Minister Raluca TURCAN (since 4 November 2019); note - Prime Minister ORBAN lost a no-confidence vote on 5 February 2020; President IOHANNIS asked ORBAN to form a new government on 6 February 2020; Prime Minister ORBAN announced an unchanged government on 10 February 2020; on 24 February, the Constitutional Court rules that the president must nominate for Prime Minister someone who can get enough support in parliament to assume office, not a Prime Minister-designate who has been previously ousted in a no-confidence vote; on 13 March President IOHANNIS again asked ORBAN to form a new government; Prime Minister ORBAN's unchanged cabinet was approved by parliament on 14 March 2020" + "text": "Interim Prime Minister Nicolae-Ionel CIUCA (since 7 December 2020); Deputy Prime Minister Raluca TURCAN (since 4 November 2019); note - Prime Minister ORBAN lost a no-confidence vote on 5 February 2020; President IOHANNIS asked ORBAN to form a new government on 6 February 2020; Prime Minister ORBAN announced an unchanged government on 10 February 2020; on 24 February, the Constitutional Court rules that the president must nominate for Prime Minister someone who can get enough support in parliament to assume office, not a Prime Minister-designate who has been previously ousted in a no-confidence vote; on 13 March President IOHANNIS again asked ORBAN to form a new government; Prime Minister ORBAN's unchanged cabinet was approved by parliament on 14 March 2020" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister" @@ -446,13 +446,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of: Senate or Senat (136 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 2 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) ++ Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (329 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 4 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of: Senate or Senat (136 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 2 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) ++ Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (330 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 4 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held on 11 December 2016 (next to be held on 6 December 2020) ++ Chamber of Deputies - last held on 11 December 2016 (next to be held on 6 December 2020)" + "text": "Senate - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024) ++ Chamber of Deputies - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - PSD 45.7%, PNL 20.4%, USR 8.9%, UDMR 6.2%, ALDE 6%, PMP 5.7%, other 7.1%; seats by party - PSD 67, PNL 30, USR 13, UDMR 9, ALDE 9, PMP 8; composition - men 116, women 20, percent of women 14.7% ++ Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSD 45.5%, PNL 20%, USR 8.9%, UDMR 6.2%, ALDE 5.6%, PMP 5.4%, other 8.4%; seats by party - PSD 154, PNL 69, USR 30, UDMR 21, ALDE 20, PMP 18, minorities 17; composition men 261, women 68, percent of women 20.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20.7%" + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - PSD 29.3%, PNL 25.6%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.9%, AUR 9.2%, UDMR 5.9%, other 14.1%; seats by party - PSD 47, PNL 41, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 25, AUR 14, UDMR 9; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA% ++ Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSD 28.9%, PNL 25.2%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.4%, AUR 9.1%, UDMR 5.7%, other 15.7%; seats by party - PSD 110, PNL 93, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 55, AUR 33, UDMR 21, other 18; composition men NA, women NA, percent of women NA; note - total Parliament percent of women NA%" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ } }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party or PNT-CD [Aurelian PAVELESCU] ++ Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Hunor KELEMEN] ++ Civic Hungarian Party [Zsolt BIRO] ++ Ecologist Party of Romania or PER [Danut POP] ++ Greater Romania Party or PRM [Adrian POPESCU] ++ M10 Party [Ioana CONSTANTIN] ++ National Liberal Party or PNL [Ludovic ORBAN] ++ New Romania Party or PNR [Sebastian POPESCU] ++ Our Romania Alliance [Marian MUNTEANU] ++ Party of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats or ALDE [Calin POPESCU TARICEANU] ++ Popular Movement Party or PMP [Traian BASESCU] ++ Romanian Social Party or PSRo [Mircea GEOANA] ++ Save Romania Union Party or Partidul USR [Dan BARNA] ++ Social Democratic Party or PSD [Marcel CIOLACU, interim leader] ++ United Romania Party or PRU [Robert BUGA]" + "text": "2020 USR-PLUS Alliance [Dan BARNA and Dacian CIOLOS] ++ Alliance for the Unity of Romanians {George SIMION and Claudiu TARZIU] ++ Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party or PNT-CD [Aurelian PAVELESCU] ++ Civic Hungarian Party [Zsolt BIRO] ++ Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Hunor KELEMEN] ++ Ecologist Party of Romania or PER [Danut POP] ++ Greater Romania Party or PRM [Adrian POPESCU] ++ M10 Party [Ioana CONSTANTIN] ++ National Liberal Party or PNL [Ludovic ORBAN] ++ New Romania Party or PNR [Sebastian POPESCU] ++ Our Romania Alliance [Marian MUNTEANU] ++ Party of Liberty, Unity, and Solidarity or PLUS [Dacian CIOLOS] ++ Party of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats or ALDE [Calin POPESCU TARICEANU] ++ Popular Movement Party or PMP [Traian BASESCU] ++ Romanian Social Party or PSRo [Mircea GEOANA] ++ Save Romania Union Party or Partidul USR [Dan BARNA] ++ Social Democratic Party or PSD [Marcel CIOLACU] ++ United Romania Party or PRU [Robert BUGA]" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -524,30 +524,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Romania, which joined the EU on 1 January 2007, began the transition from communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial base and a pattern of output unsuited to the country's needs. Romania's macroeconomic gains have only recently started to spur creation of a middle class and to address Romania's widespread poverty. Corruption and red tape continue to permeate the business environment. ++ In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, Romania signed a $26 billion emergency assistance package from the IMF, the EU, and other international lenders, but GDP contracted until 2011. In March 2011, Romania and the IMF/EU/World Bank signed a 24-month precautionary standby agreement, worth $6.6 billion, to promote fiscal discipline, encourage progress on structural reforms, and strengthen financial sector stability; no funds were drawn. In September 2013, Romanian authorities and the IMF/EU agreed to a follow-on standby agreement, worth $5.4 billion, to continue with reforms. This agreement expired in September 2015, and no funds were drawn. Progress on structural reforms has been uneven, and the economy still is vulnerable to external shocks. ++ Economic growth rebounded in the 2013-17 period, driven by strong industrial exports, excellent agricultural harvests, and, more recently, expansionary fiscal policies in 2016-2017 that nearly quadrupled Bucharest's annual fiscal deficit, from +0.8% of GDP in 2015 to -3% of GDP in 2016 and an estimated -3.4% in 2017. Industry outperformed other sectors of the economy in 2017. Exports remained an engine of economic growth, led by trade with the EU, which accounts for roughly 70% of Romania trade. Domestic demand was the major driver, due to tax cuts and large wage increases that began last year and are set to continue in 2018. ++ An aging population, emigration of skilled labor, significant tax evasion, insufficient health care, and an aggressive loosening of the fiscal package compromise Romania's long-term growth and economic stability and are the economy's top vulnerabilities." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$483.4 billion (2017 est.) / $452 billion (2016 est.) / $431.2 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 41 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$211.9 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4.2% (2019 est.) / 4.54% (2018 est.) / 7.11% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 71 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "3.8% (2019 est.) / 4.6% (2018 est.) / 1.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 163 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB- (2011)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Baa3 (2006)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB- (2014)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$481.379 billion (2019 est.) / $462.018 billion (2018 est.) / $441.969 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$249.543 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$24,600 (2017 est.) / $22,900 (2016 est.) / $21,700 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 83 + "text": "$12,011 (2019 est.) / $11,444 (2018 est.) / $10,865 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 106 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "21.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / 21.7% of GDP (2016 est.) / 23.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 87 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "33.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "62.6% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "70% (2017 est.)" @@ -568,16 +593,8 @@ "text": "-43.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "33.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "62.6% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "87.7 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep" @@ -606,7 +623,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.06% (2019 est.) / 3.56% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 40 + "country comparison to the world": 41 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "22.4% (2012 est.)" @@ -643,17 +660,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.3% (2017 est.) / -1.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 71 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$11.389 billion (2019 est.) / -$10.78 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 194 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$64.58 billion (2017 est.) / $57.72 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 45 + "text": "$114.311 billion (2019 est.) / $110.685 billion (2018 est.) / $105.188 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 43 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 23%, Italy 11.2%, France 6.8%, Hungary 4.7%, UK 4.1% (2017)" @@ -662,8 +675,8 @@ "text": "machinery and equipment, other manufactured goods, agricultural products and foodstuffs, metals and metal products, chemicals, minerals and fuels, raw materials" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$78.12 billion (2017 est.) / $68 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 43 + "text": "$136.091 billion (2019 est.) / $127.553 billion (2018 est.) / $117.292 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 39 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, other manufactured goods, chemicals, agricultural products and foodstuffs, fuels and minerals, metals and metal products, raw materials" @@ -680,7 +693,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 49 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "lei (RON) per US dollar - / 4.077 (2017 est.) / 4.0592 (2016 est.) / 4.0592 (2015 est.) / 4.0057 (2014 est.) / 3.3492 (2013 est.)" + "text": "lei (RON) per US dollar - / 4.02835 (2020 est.) / 4.31655 (2019 est.) / 4.0782 (2018 est.) / 4.0057 (2014 est.) / 3.3492 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -711,7 +724,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "47% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 156 + "country comparison to the world": 155 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "6% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -972,7 +985,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "192 (2019)" }, - "note": "note: 6,038 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2020)" + "note": "note: 6,347 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-December 2020)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American cocaine bound for Western Europe; although not a significant financial center, role as a narcotics conduit leaves it vulnerable to laundering, which occurs via the banking system, currency exchange houses, and casinos" diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index b6f4f75c..eb0d201f 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "122 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 155 + "country comparison to the world": 154 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than New Jersey" @@ -170,11 +170,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.01% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 191 + "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Death rate": { "text": "10.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 55 + "country comparison to the world": 54 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest exhibit less density than elsewhere" @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "female": { "text": "1.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 228 + "country comparison to the world": 227 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.59 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 188 + "country comparison to the world": 187 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -295,8 +295,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 104 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.8% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 75 + "text": "4.8% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 68 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -511,30 +511,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "With excellent infrastructure, a well-educated work force, and a strategic location between the Balkans and Western Europe, Slovenia has one of the highest per capita GDPs in Central Europe, despite having suffered a protracted recession in the 2008-09 period in the wake of the global financial crisis. Slovenia became the first 2004 EU entrant to adopt the euro (on 1 January 2007) and has experienced a stable political and economic transition. ++ ++ In March 2004, Slovenia became the first transition country to graduate from borrower status to donor partner at the World Bank. In 2007, Slovenia was invited to begin the process for joining the OECD; it became a member in 2012. From 2014 to 2016, export-led growth, fueled by demand in larger European markets, pushed annual GDP growth above 2.3%. Growth reached 5.0% in 2017 and is projected to near or reach 5% in 2018. What used to be stubbornly high unemployment fell below 5.5% in early 2018, driven by strong exports and increasing consumption that boosted labor demand. Continued fiscal consolidation through increased tax collection and social security contributions will likely result in a balanced government budget in 2019. ++ ++ Prime Minister CERAR's government took office in September 2014, pledging to press ahead with commitments to privatize a select group of state-run companies, rationalize public spending, and further stabilize the banking sector. Efforts to privatize Slovenia's largely state-owned banking sector have largely stalled, however, amid concerns about an ongoing dispute over Yugoslav-era foreign currency deposits." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$71.23 billion (2017 est.) / $67.84 billion (2016 est.) / $65.77 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 99 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$48.87 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.4% (2019 est.) / 4.24% (2018 est.) / 5.14% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 118 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.6% (2019 est.) / 1.7% (2018 est.) / 1.4% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 96 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "A (2019)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A3 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA- (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$67.903 billion (2019 est.) / $65.84 billion (2018 est.) / $63.003 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$54.16 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$34,500 (2017 est.) / $32,900 (2016 est.) / $31,900 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", + "text": "$27,631 (2019 est.) / $26,802 (2018 est.) / $25,665 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", "country comparison to the world": 58 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "26.4% of GDP (2017 est.) / 24.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 23.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 49 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "32.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "65.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "52.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -555,16 +580,8 @@ "text": "-72.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "32.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "65.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "100.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "hops, wheat, coffee, corn, apples, pears; cattle, sheep, poultry" @@ -593,7 +610,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "7.64% (2019 est.) / 8.25% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 118 + "country comparison to the world": 119 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "13.9% (2016 est.)" @@ -630,16 +647,12 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.) / -0.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 80 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$3.05 billion (2019 est.) / $3.17 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 34 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$32.14 billion (2017 est.) / $27.65 billion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$49.872 billion (2019 est.) / $48.001 billion (2018 est.) / $45.096 billion (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 61 }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -649,8 +662,8 @@ "text": "manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$30.38 billion (2017 est.) / $25.95 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 68 + "text": "$45.489 billion (2019 est.) / $43.637 billion (2018 est.) / $40.625 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 62 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, food" @@ -667,7 +680,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 69 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -698,7 +711,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "37% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 174 + "country comparison to the world": 173 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "20% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -942,7 +955,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "5 (2019)" }, - "note": "note: 516,394 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2020); migration through the Western Balkans has decreased significantly since March 2016; Slovenia is predominantly a transit country and hosts approximately 300 asylum seekers as of the end of June 2018" + "note": "note: 517,914 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2020); migration through the Western Balkans has decreased significantly since March 2016; Slovenia is predominantly a transit country and hosts approximately 300 asylum seekers as of the end of June 2018" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals" diff --git a/europe/sm.json b/europe/sm.json index 94e37c49..66cd0920 100644 --- a/europe/sm.json +++ b/europe/sm.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 229 + "country comparison to the world": 228 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about one-third the size of Washington, DC" @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "34,232 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 + "country comparison to the world": 215 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -148,11 +148,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.65% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 146 + "country comparison to the world": 145 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ "female": { "text": "4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 187 + "country comparison to the world": 186 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.52 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -262,8 +262,8 @@ "text": "NA" }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 139 + "text": "3.6% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 113 }, "Literacy": { "total population": { @@ -453,25 +453,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "San Marino's economy relies heavily on tourism, banking, and the manufacture and export of ceramics, clothing, fabrics, furniture, paints, spirits, tiles, and wine. The manufacturing and financial sectors account for more than half of San Marino's GDP. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy. ++ San Marino's economy contracted considerably in the years since 2008, largely due to weakened demand from Italy - which accounts for nearly 90% of its export market - and financial sector consolidation. Difficulties in the banking sector, the global economic downturn, and the sizable decline in tax revenues all contributed to negative real GDP growth. The government adopted measures to counter the downturn, including subsidized credit to businesses and is seeking to shift its growth model away from a reliance on bank and tax secrecy. San Marino does not issue public debt securities; when necessary, it finances deficits by drawing down central bank deposits. ++ The economy benefits from foreign investment due to its relatively low corporate taxes and low taxes on interest earnings. The income tax rate is also very low, about one-third the average EU level. San Marino continues to work towards harmonizing its fiscal laws with EU and international standards. In September 2009, the OECD removed San Marino from its list of tax havens that have yet to fully adopt global tax standards, and in 2010 San Marino signed Tax Information Exchange Agreements with most major countries. In 2013, the San Marino Government signed a Double Taxation Agreement with Italy, but a referendum on EU membership failed to reach the quorum needed to bring it to a vote." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "1.9% (2017 est.) / 2.2% (2016 est.) / 0.6% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 143 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1% (2017 est.) / 0.6% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 67 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB+ (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$2.064 billion (2017 est.) / $2.026 billion (2016 est.) / $1.983 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$1.643 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.) / 2.2% (2016 est.) / 0.6% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 143 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$59,000 (2017 est.) / $59,600 (2016 est.) / $58,300 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 20 + "country comparison to the world": 19 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.1% (2009)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "39.2% (2009)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "60.7% (2009)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -493,16 +512,8 @@ "text": "-153.3% (2011)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.1% (2009)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "39.2% (2009)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "60.7% (2009)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "97.5 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides" @@ -516,7 +527,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "21,960 (September 2013 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -531,7 +542,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "8.1% (2017 est.) / 8.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 127 + "country comparison to the world": 128 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -567,24 +578,20 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1% (2017 est.) / 0.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 53 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$0 (2017 est.) / $0 (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 66 }, "Exports": { "text": "$3.827 billion (2011 est.) / $2.576 billion (2010 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 118 + "country comparison to the world": 125 }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics" }, "Imports": { "text": "$2.551 billion (2011 est.) / $2.132 billion (2010 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 156 + "country comparison to the world": 162 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "wide variety of consumer manufactures, food, energy" diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index 52e2aa06..4636a8c1 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ } }, "Geography - note": { - "text": "strategic location along approaches to Strait of Gibraltar; Spain controls a number of territories in northern Morocco including the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, and the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas" + "text": "strategic location along approaches to Strait of Gibraltar; Spain controls a number of territories in northern Morocco including the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, and the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas; Spain's Canary Islands are one of four North Atlantic archipelagos that make up Macaronesia; the others are Azores (Portugal), Madeira (Portugal), and Cabo Verde" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -180,11 +180,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.67% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 142 + "country comparison to the world": 141 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "8.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "female": { "text": "2.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.51 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "62.1% (2018)", @@ -309,15 +309,15 @@ }, "Major infectious diseases": { "text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)", - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Spain; as of 10 November 2020, Spain has reported a total of 1,328,832 cases of COVID-19 or 28,421 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 831 cumulative deaths per 1 million population; the Spanish Government is gradually relaxing confinement measures in phases over the next several weeks; these measures will vary from region to region within Spain; the Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Spain to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Spain; as of 8 December 2020, Spain has reported a total of 1,684,647 cases of COVID-19 or 36,032 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 989 cumulative deaths per 1 million population; the Spanish Government is gradually relaxing confinement measures in phases over the next several weeks; these measures will vary from region to region within Spain; the Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Spain to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "23.8% (2016)", "country comparison to the world": 62 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.2% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 94 + "text": "4.2% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 89 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -538,30 +538,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "After a prolonged recession that began in 2008 in the wake of the global financial crisis, Spain marked the fourth full year of positive economic growth in 2017, with economic activity surpassing its pre-crisis peak, largely because of increased private consumption. The financial crisis of 2008 broke 16 consecutive years of economic growth for Spain, leading to an economic contraction that lasted until late 2013. In that year, the government successfully shored up its struggling banking sector - heavily exposed to the collapse of Spain's real estate boom - with the help of an EU-funded restructuring and recapitalization program. ++ Until 2014, contraction in bank lending, fiscal austerity, and high unemployment constrained domestic consumption and investment. The unemployment rate rose from a low of about 8% in 2007 to more than 26% in 2013, but labor reforms prompted a modest reduction to 16.4% in 2017. High unemployment strained Spain's public finances, as spending on social benefits increased while tax revenues fell. Spain's budget deficit peaked at 11.4% of GDP in 2010, but Spain gradually reduced the deficit to about 3.3% of GDP in 2017. Public debt has increased substantially – from 60.1% of GDP in 2010 to nearly 96.7% in 2017. ++ Strong export growth helped bring Spain's current account into surplus in 2013 for the first time since 1986 and sustain Spain's economic growth. Increasing labor productivity and an internal devaluation resulting from moderating labor costs and lower inflation have improved Spain's export competitiveness and generated foreign investor interest in the economy, restoring FDI flows. ++ In 2017, the Spanish Government's minority status constrained its ability to implement controversial labor, pension, health care, tax, and education reforms. The European Commission expects the government to meet its 2017 budget deficit target and anticipates that expected economic growth in 2018 will help the government meet its deficit target. Spain's borrowing costs are dramatically lower since their peak in mid-2012, and increased economic activity has generated a modest level of inflation, at 2% in 2017." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.778 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.727 trillion (2016 est.) / $1.674 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 15 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.314 trillion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.95% (2019 est.) / 2.43% (2018 est.) / 2.97% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 141 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.7% (2019 est.) / 1.6% (2018 est.) / 1.9% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 55 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "A- (2018)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Baa1 (2018)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "A (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$1,633,916,000,000 (2019 est.) / $1,602,663,000,000 (2018 est.) / $1,564,642,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1,393,351,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$38,400 (2017 est.) / $37,200 (2016 est.) / $36,100 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 49 + "text": "$33,698 (2019 est.) / $33,084 (2018 est.) / $32,331 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 52 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "23% of GDP (2017 est.) / 22.4% of GDP (2016 est.) / 21.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 76 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "23.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "74.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "57.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -582,16 +607,8 @@ "text": "-31.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "23.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "74.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "100.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grain, vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish" @@ -620,7 +637,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "14.13% (2019 est.) / 15.25% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 172 + "country comparison to the world": 173 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "21.1% (2012 est.)" @@ -656,16 +673,12 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.) / -0.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 107 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$29.603 billion (2019 est.) / $27.206 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 13 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$313.7 billion (2017 est.) / $280.5 billion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$533.771 billion (2019 est.) / $521.855 billion (2018 est.) / $510.327 billion (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 16 }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -675,8 +688,8 @@ "text": "machinery, motor vehicles; foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, medicines, other consumer goods" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$338.6 billion (2017 est.) / $300.2 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 15 + "text": "$463.145 billion (2019 est.) / $459.742 billion (2018 est.) / $441.197 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 18 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semi-finished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, measuring and medical control instruments" @@ -693,7 +706,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 10 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.7525 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.82771 (2020 est.) / 0.90338 (2019 est.) / 0.87789 (2018 est.) / 0.7525 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -724,7 +737,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "47% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 157 + "country comparison to the world": 156 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "7% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -976,7 +989,7 @@ "text": "the inventory of the Spanish military is comprised of domestically-produced and imported Western weapons systems; France, Germany, and the US are the leading suppliers of military hardware since 2010; Spain's defense industry manufactures land, air, and sea weapons systems and is integrated within the European defense-industrial sector (2019 est.)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "350 Latvia (NATO); 630 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 180 Mali (EUTM); 150 Turkey (NATO) (2020)" + "text": "150 Iraq (training mission, counter-ISIS coalition); 350 Latvia (NATO); 600 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 180 Mali (EUTM); 150 Turkey (NATO) (2020)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service by a Spanish citizen or legal immigrant, 2-3 year obligation; women allowed to serve in all SAF branches, including combat units; no conscription, but Spanish Government retains right to mobilize citizens 19-25 years of age in a national emergency; mandatory retirement of non-NCO enlisted personnel at age 45 or 58, depending on service length (2013)" @@ -984,7 +997,7 @@ }, "Terrorism": { "Terrorist group(s)": { - "text": "Basque Fatherland and Liberty (disbanded); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham; al-Qa'ida (2019)", + "text": "Basque Fatherland and Liberty (disbanded); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); al-Qa'ida (2019)", "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T" } }, @@ -999,7 +1012,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "4,246 (2019)" }, - "note": "note: 184,338 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2020); 65,325 migrant arrivals in 2018" + "note": "note: 196,837 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-December 2020)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "despite rigorous law enforcement efforts, North African, Latin American, Galician, and other European traffickers take advantage of Spain's long coastline to land large shipments of cocaine and hashish for distribution to the European market; consumer for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish; destination and minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering site for Colombian narcotics trafficking organizations and organized crime" diff --git a/europe/sv.json b/europe/sv.json index 14615d92..74869926 100644 --- a/europe/sv.json +++ b/europe/sv.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)", - "country comparison to the world": 126 + "country comparison to the world": 125 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than West Virginia" @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "2,926 (July 2019 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 230 + "country comparison to the world": 229 }, "Ethnic groups": { "text": "Norwegian 58%, foreign population 42% (consists primarily of Russians, Thais, Swedes, Filipinos, and Ukrainians) (2019 est.)", @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.03% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "country comparison to the world": 196 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the small population is primarily concentrated on the island of Spitsbergen in a handful of settlements on the south side of the Isfjorden, with Longyearbyen being the largest" @@ -229,15 +229,17 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Coal mining, tourism, and international research are Svalbard's major industries. Coal mining has historically been the dominant economic activity, and the Spitzbergen Treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 45 countries that so far have ratified the treaty equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still engaging in this are Norwegian and Russian. Low coal prices have forced the Norwegian coal company, Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani, to close one of its two mines and to considerably reduce the activity of the other. Since the 1990s, the tourism and hospitality industry has grown rapidly, and Svalbard now receives 60,000 visitors annually. ++ The settlements on Svalbard were established as company towns, and at their height in the 1950s, the Norwegian state-owned coal company supported nearly 1,000 jobs. Today, only about 300 people work in the mining industry. ++ Goods such as alcohol, tobacco, and vehicles, normally highly taxed on mainland Norway, are considerably cheaper in Svalbard in an effort by the Norwegian Government to entice more people to live on the Arctic archipelago. By law, Norway collects only enough taxes to pay for the needs of the local government; none of tax proceeds go to the central government." }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "note": "NA" }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Labor force": { "text": "1,590 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 228 + "country comparison to the world": 227 }, "Budget": { "revenues": { @@ -328,7 +330,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "4 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 189 + "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/europe/sw.json b/europe/sw.json index ea40394c..ede11107 100644 --- a/europe/sw.json +++ b/europe/sw.json @@ -179,11 +179,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.79% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 130 + "country comparison to the world": 129 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "12.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 161 + "country comparison to the world": 160 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ "female": { "text": "2.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 220 + "country comparison to the world": 219 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.87 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 138 + "country comparison to the world": 137 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -306,8 +306,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 97 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "7.7% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 6 + "text": "7.6% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 10 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -502,30 +502,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Sweden's small, open, and competitive economy has been thriving and Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living with its combination of free-market capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. Sweden remains outside the euro zone largely out of concern that joining the European Economic and Monetary Union would diminish the country's sovereignty over its welfare system. ++ ++ Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of a manufacturing economy that relies heavily on foreign trade. Exports, including engines and other machines, motor vehicles, and telecommunications equipment, account for more than 44% of GDP. Sweden enjoys a current account surplus of about 5% of GDP, which is one of the highest margins in Europe. ++ ++ GDP grew an estimated 3.3% in 2016 and 2017 driven largely by investment in the construction sector. Swedish economists expect economic growth to ease slightly in the coming years as this investment subsides. Global economic growth boosted exports of Swedish manufactures further, helping drive domestic economic growth in 2017. The Central Bank is keeping an eye on deflationary pressures and bank observers expect it to maintain an expansionary monetary policy in 2018. Swedish prices and wages have grown only slightly over the past few years, helping to support the country's competitiveness. ++ ++ In the short and medium term, Sweden's economic challenges include providing affordable housing and successfully integrating migrants into the labor market." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$518 billion (2017 est.) / $507.3 billion (2016 est.) / $494 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 40 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$535.6 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.29% (2019 est.) / 2.06% (2018 est.) / 2.82% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 163 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.7% (2019 est.) / 1.9% (2018 est.) / 1.7% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 98 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AAA (2004)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aaa (2002)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AAA (2004)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$478.68 billion (2019 est.) / $472.245 billion (2018 est.) / $462.847 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$531.35 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$51,200 (2017 est.) / $50,800 (2016 est.) / $50,100 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 26 + "text": "$59,699 (2019 est.) / $59,279 (2018 est.) / $58,491 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 18 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "28.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 28.8% of GDP (2016 est.) / 28.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 34 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "33% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "65.4% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "44.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -546,16 +571,8 @@ "text": "-41.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "33% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "65.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "98.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "barley, wheat, sugar beets; meat, milk" @@ -584,7 +601,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "6.78% (2019 est.) / 6.33% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 107 + "country comparison to the world": 108 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "15% (2014 est.)" @@ -621,17 +638,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.) / 1.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 100 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$22.339 billion (2019 est.) / $13.902 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 16 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$165.6 billion (2017 est.) / $151.4 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 31 + "text": "$302.65 billion (2019 est.) / $291.846 billion (2018 est.) / $279.461 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 25 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 11%, Norway 10.2%, Finland 6.9%, US 6.9%, Denmark 6.9%, UK 6.2%, Netherlands 5.5%, China 4.5%, Belgium 4.4%, France 4.2% (2017)" @@ -640,8 +653,8 @@ "text": "machinery (26%), motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals (2016 est.)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$153.2 billion (2017 est.) / $140.2 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 30 + "text": "$276.622 billion (2019 est.) / $273.125 billion (2018 est.) / $262.597 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 24 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing" @@ -658,7 +671,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 16 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Swedish kronor (SEK) per US dollar - / 8.442 (2017 est.) / 8.5605 (2016 est.) / 8.5605 (2015 est.) / 8.4335 (2014 est.) / 6.8612 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Swedish kronor (SEK) per US dollar - / 8.49085 (2020 est.) / 9.52915 (2019 est.) / 9.01895 (2018 est.) / 8.4335 (2014 est.) / 6.8612 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -689,7 +702,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "5% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "22% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/sz.json b/europe/sz.json index 8d132a0a..45a90c03 100644 --- a/europe/sz.json +++ b/europe/sz.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "1,280 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 136 + "country comparison to the world": 135 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey" @@ -170,11 +170,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.66% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 145 + "country comparison to the world": 144 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "10.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 187 + "country comparison to the world": 186 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "4.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 28 + "country comparison to the world": 27 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population distribution corresponds to elevation with the northern and western areas far more heavily populated; the higher Alps of the south limit settlement" @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.57 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "country comparison to the world": 192 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "71.6% (2017)" @@ -300,8 +300,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 112 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 60 + "text": "5.1% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 57 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -498,30 +498,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Switzerland, a country that espouses neutrality, is a prosperous and modern market economy with low unemployment, a highly skilled labor force, and a per capita GDP among the highest in the world. Switzerland's economy benefits from a highly developed service sector, led by financial services, and a manufacturing industry that specializes in high-technology, knowledge-based production. Its economic and political stability, transparent legal system, exceptional infrastructure, efficient capital markets, and low corporate tax rates also make Switzerland one of the world's most competitive economies. ++ The Swiss have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the EU's to gain access to the Union's Single Market and enhance the country's international competitiveness. Some trade protectionism remains, however, particularly for its small agricultural sector. The fate of the Swiss economy is tightly linked to that of its neighbors in the euro zone, which purchases half of Swiss exports. The global financial crisis of 2008 and resulting economic downturn in 2009 stalled demand for Swiss exports and put Switzerland into a recession. During this period, the Swiss National Bank (SNB) implemented a zero-interest rate policy to boost the economy, as well as to prevent appreciation of the franc, and Switzerland's economy began to recover in 2010. ++ The sovereign debt crises unfolding in neighboring euro-zone countries, however, coupled with economic instability in Russia and other Eastern European economies drove up demand for the Swiss franc by investors seeking a safehaven currency. In January 2015, the SNB abandoned the Swiss franc's peg to the euro, roiling global currency markets and making active SNB intervention a necessary hallmark of present-day Swiss monetary policy. The independent SNB has upheld its zero interest rate policy and conducted major market interventions to prevent further appreciation of the Swiss franc, but parliamentarians have urged it to do more to weaken the currency. The franc's strength has made Swiss exports less competitive and weakened the country's growth outlook; GDP growth fell below 2% per year from 2011 through 2017. ++ In recent years, Switzerland has responded to increasing pressure from neighboring countries and trading partners to reform its banking secrecy laws, by agreeing to conform to OECD regulations on administrative assistance in tax matters, including tax evasion. The Swiss Government has also renegotiated its double taxation agreements with numerous countries, including the US, to incorporate OECD standards." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$523.1 billion (2017 est.) / $514.5 billion (2016 est.) / $506.5 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 39 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$679 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.11% (2019 est.) / 3.04% (2018 est.) / 1.65% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 170 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.3% (2019 est.) / 0.9% (2018 est.) / 0.5% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 38 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AAA (2000)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aaa (1982)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AAA (1988)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$498.207 billion (2019 est.) / $492.719 billion (2018 est.) / $478.198 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$731.502 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$62,100 (2017 est.) / $61,800 (2016 est.) / $61,500 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 17 + "text": "$81,475 (2019 est.) / $81,199 (2018 est.) / $79,457 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 8 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "33.8% of GDP (2017 est.) / 32.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / 33.9% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 21 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "25.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "73.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "53.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -542,16 +567,8 @@ "text": "-54% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "25.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "73.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "96.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grains, fruits, vegetables; meat, eggs, dairy products" @@ -580,7 +597,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "2.31% (2019 est.) / 2.55% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 24 + "country comparison to the world": 25 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "6.6% (2014 est.)" @@ -618,18 +635,14 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.5% (2017 est.) / -0.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 30 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$79.937 billion (2019 est.) / $63.273 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 5 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$313.5 billion (2017 est.) / $318.1 billion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$443.997 billion (2019 est.) / $444.605 billion (2018 est.) / $430.129 billion (2017 est.)", "note": "note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland", - "country comparison to the world": 17 + "country comparison to the world": 19 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 15.2%, US 12.3%, China 8.2%, India 6.7%, France 5.7%, UK 5.7%, Hong Kong 5.4%, Italy 5.3% (2017)" @@ -638,8 +651,8 @@ "text": "machinery, chemicals, metals, watches, agricultural products" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$264.5 billion (2017 est.) / $266.3 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 19 + "text": "$344.477 billion (2019 est.) / $344.557 billion (2018 est.) / $343.367 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 21 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, chemicals, vehicles, metals; agricultural products, textiles" @@ -656,7 +669,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 12 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar - / 0.9875 (2017 est.) / 0.9852 (2016 est.) / 0.9852 (2015 est.) / 0.9627 (2014 est.) / 0.9152 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar - / 0.88995 (2020 est.) / 0.98835 (2019 est.) / 0.99195 (2018 est.) / 0.9627 (2014 est.) / 0.9152 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -687,7 +700,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "3% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "18% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -931,6 +944,11 @@ "text": "18-30 years of age generally for male compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary male and female military service; every Swiss male has to serve at least 245 days in the armed forces; conscripts receive 18 weeks of mandatory training, followed by six 19-day intermittent recalls for training during the next 10 years (2019)" } }, + "Terrorism": { + "Terrorist group(s)": { + "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) (2019)" + } + }, "Transnational Issues": { "Disputes - international": { "text": "none" diff --git a/europe/uk.json b/europe/uk.json index d76313bd..1221e4c5 100644 --- a/europe/uk.json +++ b/europe/uk.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "1,680 sq km" }, "note": "note 1: the percentage area breakdown of the four UK countries is: England 53%, Scotland 32%, Wales 9%, and Northern Ireland 6% ++ note 2: includes Rockall and the Shetland Islands, which are part of Scotland", - "country comparison to the world": 81 + "country comparison to the world": 80 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "twice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oregon" @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "white 87.2%, black/African/Caribbean/black British 3%, Asian/Asian British: Indian 2.3%, Asian/Asian British: Pakistani 1.9%, mixed 2%, other 3.7% (2011 est.)" + "text": "White 87.2%, Black/African/Caribbean/black British 3%, Asian/Asian British: Indian 2.3%, Asian/Asian British: Pakistani 1.9%, mixed 2%, other 3.7% (2011 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "English", @@ -179,11 +179,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.49% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 156 + "country comparison to the world": 155 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 166 + "country comparison to the world": 165 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "2.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 41 + "country comparison to the world": 40 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the core of the population lies in and around London, with significant clusters found in central Britain around Manchester and Liverpool, in the Scotish lowlands between Endinburgh and Glasgow, southern Wales in and around Cardiff, and far eastern Northern Ireland centered on Belfast" @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 190 + "country comparison to the world": 189 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.86 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 140 + "country comparison to the world": 139 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -302,15 +302,15 @@ }, "Major infectious diseases": { "text": "Covid-19 (see note) (2020)", - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout the UK; as of 10 November 2020, the UK has reported a total of 1,171,445 cases of COVID-19 or 17,256 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 720 cumulative deaths per 1 million population; individuals arriving in the UK must self-isolate for 14 days and may be contacted to verify compliance; new arrivals will be required to provide UK officials with contact and travel information prior to arrival; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the UK to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout the UK; as of 8 December 2020, the UK has reported a total of 1,705,975 cases of COVID-19 or 25,130 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 899 cumulative deaths per 1 million population; individuals arriving in the UK must self-isolate for 14 days and may be contacted to verify compliance; new arrivals will be required to provide UK officials with contact and travel information prior to arrival; the US Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in the UK to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "27.8% (2016)", "country comparison to the world": 36 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.5% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 40 + "text": "5.4% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 43 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -512,30 +512,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, is the third largest economy in Europe after Germany and France. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with less than 2% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil resources, but its oil and natural gas reserves are declining; the UK has been a net importer of energy since 2005. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, are key drivers of British GDP growth. Manufacturing, meanwhile, has declined in importance but still accounts for about 10% of economic output. ++ ++ In 2008, the global financial crisis hit the economy particularly hard, due to the importance of its financial sector. Falling home prices, high consumer debt, and the global economic slowdown compounded the UK's economic problems, pushing the economy into recession in the latter half of 2008 and prompting the then BROWN (Labour) government to implement a number of measures to stimulate the economy and stabilize the financial markets. Facing burgeoning public deficits and debt levels, in 2010 the then CAMERON-led coalition government (between Conservatives and Liberal Democrats) initiated an austerity program, which has continued under the Conservative government. However, the deficit still remains one of the highest in the G7, standing at 3.6% of GDP as of 2017, and the UK has pledged to lower its corporation tax from 20% to 17% by 2020. The UK had a debt burden of 90.4% GDP at the end of 2017. ++ ++ The UK economy has begun to slow since the referendum vote to leave the EU in June 2016. A sustained depreciation of the British pound has increased consumer and producer prices, weighing on consumer spending without spurring a meaningful increase in exports. The UK has an extensive trade relationship with other EU members through its single market membership, and economic observers have warned the exit will jeopardize its position as the central location for European financial services. The UK is slated to leave the EU at the end of January 2020." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.925 trillion (2017 est.) / $2.877 trillion (2016 est.) / $2.827 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 9 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.628 trillion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.26% (2019 est.) / 1.25% (2018 est.) / 1.74% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 164 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.7% (2019 est.) / 2.4% (2018 est.) / 2.6% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 99 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AA- (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aaa (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA (2016)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$2,683,983,000,000 (2019 est.) / $2,650,562,000,000 (2018 est.) / $2,617,772,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2,827,918,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$44,300 (2017 est.) / $43,800 (2016 est.) / $43,400 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 39 + "text": "$43,111 (2019 est.) / $42,821 (2018 est.) / $42,554 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 38 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "13.6% of GDP (2017 est.) / 12% of GDP (2016 est.) / 12.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 142 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "20.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "79.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "65.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -556,16 +581,8 @@ "text": "-31.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "20.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "79.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "93.8 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, poultry; fish; milk, eggs" @@ -594,7 +611,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.17% (2019 est.) / 2.51% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 42 + "country comparison to the world": 43 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "15% (2013 est.)" @@ -631,17 +648,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "6 April - 5 April" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.7% (2017 est.) / 0.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 126 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$121.921 billion (2019 est.) / -$104.927 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$441.2 billion (2017 est.) / $407.3 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 10 + "text": "$901.882 billion (2019 est.) / $877.501 billion (2018 est.) / $851.693 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 6 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 13.2%, Germany 10.5%, France 7.4%, Netherlands 6.2%, Ireland 5.6%, China 4.8%, Switzerland 4.5% (2017)" @@ -650,8 +663,8 @@ "text": "manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals; food, beverages, tobacco" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$615.9 billion (2017 est.) / $591 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 5 + "text": "$987.018 billion (2019 est.) / $955.655 billion (2018 est.) / $930.354 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 6 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs" @@ -699,7 +712,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "50% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 152 + "country comparison to the world": 151 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "9% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -952,13 +965,13 @@ "country comparison to the world": 45 }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "the British military has approximately 149,000 total active duty troops (83,000 Army; 33,000 Navy, including 7,000 Marines; 33,000 Air Force) (April 2020)" + "text": "the British military has approximately 149,000 total active duty troops (83,000 Army; 33,000 Navy, including 7,000 marines; 33,000 Air Force) (2020)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the inventory of the British military is comprised of a mix of domestically-produced and imported Western weapons systems; the US is the leading supplier of armaments to the UK since 2010; the UK defense industry is capable of producing a wide variety of air, land, and sea weapons systems (2019 est.)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "950 Afghanistan (NATO); approx. 1,000 Brunei; more than 400 Canada (BATUS); est. 2,200 Cyprus; 250 Cyprus (UNFICYP); 900 Estonia (NATO); approx. 1,200 Falkland Islands; est. 200 Germany (note - previously about 2,500, but the UK pledged to remove all but 200 troops by 2020); 570 Gibraltar; approx. 1,300 Middle East (coalition against ISIS; NATO); up to 350 Kenya (BATUK); 100 Mali (EUTM, MINUSMA, and Operation Barkhane; note - the UK has pledged to send an additional 250 troops to the MINUSMA mission for three years beginning in 2020); 150 Poland (NATO) (2020)" + "text": "950 Afghanistan (NATO); approximately 1,000 Brunei; more than 400 Canada (BATUS); est. 2,200 Cyprus; 250 Cyprus (UNFICYP); 900 Estonia (NATO); approx. 1,200 Falkland Islands; est. 200 Germany (note - previously about 2,500, but the UK pledged to remove all but 200 troops by the end of 2020); 570 Gibraltar; approx. 1,300 Middle East (coalition against ISIS; NATO); up to 350 Kenya (BATUK); 400 Mali (EUTM, MINUSMA, and Operation Barkhane; 150 Poland (NATO) (2020)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "slight variations by service, but generally 16-36 years of age for enlisted (with parental consent under 18) and 18-29 for officers; minimum length of service 4 years; women serve in military services including ground combat roles (2019)" @@ -966,7 +979,7 @@ }, "Terrorism": { "Terrorist group(s)": { - "text": "Continuity Irish Republican Army; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham; New Irish Republican Army (2019)", + "text": "Continuity Irish Republican Army; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham; New Irish Republican Army (2020)", "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T" } }, diff --git a/europe/up.json b/europe/up.json index 7d8f06e0..f367f23b 100644 --- a/europe/up.json +++ b/europe/up.json @@ -180,11 +180,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.1% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "9.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Death rate": { "text": "14 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 46 + "country comparison to the world": 45 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "densest settlement in the eastern (Donbas) and western regions; noteable concentrations in and around major urban areas of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Donets'k, Dnipropetrovs'k, and Odesa" @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ "female": { "text": "6.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 158 + "country comparison to the world": 157 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.56 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "65.4% (2012)" @@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.4% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 44 + "country comparison to the world": 42 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -530,30 +530,56 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "After Russia, the Ukrainian Republic was the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil accounted for more than one fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied unique equipment such as large diameter pipes and vertical drilling apparatus, and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the former USSR. ++ ++ Shortly after independence in August 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Output by 1999 had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991 level. Outside institutions - particularly the IMF encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms to foster economic growth. Ukrainian Government officials eliminated most tax and customs privileges in a March 2005 budget law, bringing more economic activity out of Ukraine's large shadow economy. From 2000 until mid-2008, Ukraine's economy was buoyant despite political turmoil between the prime minister and president. The economy contracted nearly 15% in 2009, among the worst economic performances in the world. In April 2010, Ukraine negotiated a price discount on Russian gas imports in exchange for extending Russia's lease on its naval base in Crimea. ++ ++ Ukraine's oligarch-dominated economy grew slowly from 2010 to 2013 but remained behind peers in the region and among Europe's poorest. After former President YANUKOVYCH fled the country during the Revolution of Dignity, Ukraine's economy fell into crisis because of Russia's annexation of Crimea, military conflict in the eastern part of the country, and a trade war with Russia, resulting in a 17% decline in GDP, inflation at nearly 60%, and dwindling foreign currency reserves. The international community began efforts to stabilize the Ukrainian economy, including a March 2014 IMF assistance package of $17.5 billion, of which Ukraine has received four disbursements, most recently in April 2017, bringing the total disbursed as of that date to approximately $8.4 billion. Ukraine has made progress on reforms designed to make the country prosperous, democratic, and transparent, including creation of a national anti-corruption agency, overhaul of the banking sector, establishment of a transparent VAT refund system, and increased transparency in government procurement. But more improvements are needed, including fighting corruption, developing capital markets, improving the business environment to attract foreign investment, privatizing state-owned enterprises, and land reform. The fifth tranche of the IMF program, valued at $1.9 billion, was delayed in mid-2017 due to lack of progress on outstanding reforms, including adjustment of gas tariffs to import parity levels and adoption of legislation establishing an independent anti-corruption court. ++ ++ Russia's occupation of Crimea in March 2014 and ongoing Russian aggression in eastern Ukraine have hurt economic growth. With the loss of a major portion of Ukraine's heavy industry in Donbas and ongoing violence, the economy contracted by 6.6% in 2014 and by 9.8% in 2015, but it returned to low growth in in 2016 and 2017, reaching 2.3% and 2.0%, respectively, as key reforms took hold. Ukraine also redirected trade activity towards the EU following the implementation of a bilateral Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement, displacing Russia as its largest trading partner. A prohibition on commercial trade with separatist-controlled territories in early 2017 has not impacted Ukraine's key industrial sectors as much as expected, largely because of favorable external conditions. Ukraine returned to international debt markets in September 2017, issuing a $3 billion sovereign bond." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$369.6 billion (2017 est.) / $360.5 billion (2016 est.) / $351.9 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 50 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$112.1 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "3.24% (2019 est.) / 3.41% (2018 est.) / 2.48% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 93 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "7.9% (2019 est.) / 11% (2018 est.) / 14.4% (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: Excluding the temporarily occupied territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol and part of the anti-terrorist operation zone", + "country comparison to the world": 200 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B (2019)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B3 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$914.29 billion (2019 est.) / $885.653 billion (2018 est.) / $856.487 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$155.082 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$8,800 (2017 est.) / $8,500 (2016 est.) / $8,300 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 146 + "text": "$7,439 (2019 est.) / $7,165 (2018 est.) / $6,891 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 135 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "18.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 20.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 17.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 105 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "12.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "28.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "60% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "66.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -574,16 +600,8 @@ "text": "-55.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "12.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "28.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "60% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "80.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables; beef, milk" @@ -613,7 +631,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "8.89% (2019 est.) / 9.42% (2018 est.)", "note": "note: officially registered workers; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers", - "country comparison to the world": 134 + "country comparison to the world": 135 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "3.8% (2016 est.)" @@ -651,18 +669,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "14.4% (2017 est.) / 13.9% (2016 est.)", - "note": "note: Excluding the temporarily occupied territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol and part of the anti-terrorist operation zone", - "country comparison to the world": 210 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$4.124 billion (2019 est.) / -$6.432 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 179 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$39.69 billion (2017 est.) / $33.56 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 54 + "text": "$161.231 billion (2019 est.) / $151.075 billion (2018 est.) / $153.046 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 37 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Russia 9.2%, Poland 6.5%, Turkey 5.6%, India 5.5%, Italy 5.2%, China 4.6%, Germany 4.3% (2017)" @@ -671,8 +684,8 @@ "text": "ferrous and nonferrous metals, fuel and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$49.06 billion (2017 est.) / $40.5 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 53 + "text": "$207.335 billion (2019 est.) / $195.071 billion (2018 est.) / $189.402 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 34 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "energy, machinery and equipment, chemicals" @@ -689,7 +702,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 45 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "hryvnia (UAH) per US dollar - / 26.71 (2017 est.) / 25.5513 (2016 est.) / 25.5513 (2015 est.) / 21.8447 (2014 est.) / 11.8867 (2013 est.)" + "text": "hryvnia (UAH) per US dollar - / 28.10001 (2020 est.) / 23.7 (2019 est.) / 27.80499 (2018 est.) / 21.8447 (2014 est.) / 11.8867 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -720,7 +733,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "65% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 120 + "country comparison to the world": 119 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "23% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/europe/vt.json b/europe/vt.json index 28d0d6c0..e484e07b 100644 --- a/europe/vt.json +++ b/europe/vt.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 258 + "country comparison to the world": 257 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about 0.7 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC" @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "1,000 (2019 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 236 + "country comparison to the world": 235 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "country comparison to the world": 192 }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { @@ -319,18 +319,20 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The Holy See is supported financially by a variety of sources, including investments, real estate income, and donations from Catholic individuals, dioceses, and institutions; these help fund the Roman Curia (Vatican bureaucracy), diplomatic missions, and media outlets. Moreover, an annual collection taken up in dioceses and from direct donations go to a non-budgetary fund, known as Peter's Pence, which is used directly by the pope for charity, disaster relief, and aid to churches in developing nations. ++ The separate Vatican City State budget includes the Vatican museums and post office and is supported financially by the sale of stamps, coins, medals, and tourist mementos as well as fees for admission to museums and publication sales. Revenues increased between 2010 and 2011 because of expanded operating hours and a growing number of visitors. However, the Holy See did not escape the financial difficulties experienced by other European countries; in 2012, it started a spending review to determine where to cut costs to reverse its 2011 budget deficit of $20 million. The Holy See generated a modest surplus in 2012 before recording a $32 million deficit in 2013, driven primarily by the decreasing value of gold. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome so most public expenditures go to wages and other personnel costs;. In February 2014, Pope FRANCIS created the Secretariat of the Economy to oversee financial and administrative operations of the Holy See, part of a broader campaign to reform the Holy See's finances." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "note": "NA" }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Industries": { "text": "printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps; mosaics, staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities" }, "Labor force": { "text": "4,822 (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 221 + "country comparison to the world": 220 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "note": "note: essentially services with a small amount of industry; nearly all dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and the approximately 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican" diff --git a/middle-east/ae.json b/middle-east/ae.json index 2b886221..68c948d5 100644 --- a/middle-east/ae.json +++ b/middle-east/ae.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 116 + "country comparison to the world": 115 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than South Carolina; slightly smaller than Maine" @@ -181,15 +181,15 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.49% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 71 + "country comparison to the world": 70 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "9.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "country comparison to the world": 197 }, "Death rate": { "text": "2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 228 + "country comparison to the world": 227 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "7.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ "female": { "text": "4.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 173 + "country comparison to the world": 172 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.73 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 168 + "country comparison to the world": 167 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -522,30 +522,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The UAE has an open economy with a high per capita income and a sizable annual trade surplus. Successful efforts at economic diversification have reduced the portion of GDP from the oil and gas sector to 30%. ++ Since the discovery of oil in the UAE nearly 60 years ago, the country has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. The government has increased spending on job creation and infrastructure expansion and is opening up utilities to greater private sector involvement. The country's free trade zones - offering 100% foreign ownership and zero taxes - are helping to attract foreign investors. ++ The global financial crisis of 2008-09, tight international credit, and deflated asset prices constricted the economy in 2009. UAE authorities tried to blunt the crisis by increasing spending and boosting liquidity in the banking sector. The crisis hit Dubai hardest, as it was heavily exposed to depressed real estate prices. Dubai lacked sufficient cash to meet its debt obligations, prompting global concern about its solvency and ultimately a $20 billion bailout from the UAE Central Bank and Abu Dhabi Government that was refinanced in March 2014. ++ The UAE's dependence on oil is a significant long-term challenge, although the UAE is one of the most diversified countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council. Low oil prices have prompted the UAE to cut expenditures, including on some social programs, but the UAE has sufficient assets in its sovereign investment funds to cover its deficits. The government reduced fuel subsidies in August 2015, and introduced excise taxes (50% on sweetened carbonated beverages and 100% on energy drinks and tobacco) in October 2017. A five-percent value-added tax was introduced in January 2018. The UAE's strategic plan for the next few years focuses on economic diversification, promoting the UAE as a global trade and tourism hub, developing industry, and creating more job opportunities for nationals through improved education and increased private sector employment." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$696 billion (2017 est.) / $690.5 billion (2016 est.) / $670.5 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 32 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$382.6 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "0.8% (2017 est.) / 3% (2016 est.) / 5.1% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 179 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-1.9% (2019 est.) / 3% (2018 est.) / 1.9% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 4 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AA- (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aa2 (2007)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA (2007)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$696 billion (2017 est.) / $690.5 billion (2016 est.) / $670.5 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$421.077 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$68,600 (2017 est.) / $70,100 (2016 est.) / $70,000 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 13 + "country comparison to the world": 12 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "28.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 30.9% of GDP (2016 est.) / 30.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 39 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "49.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "49.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "34.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -566,16 +591,8 @@ "text": "-72.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "49.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "49.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "74.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "dates, vegetables, watermelons; poultry, eggs, dairy products; fish" @@ -642,17 +659,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.) / 1.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 108 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$26.47 billion (2017 est.) / $13.23 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 14 }, "Exports": { "text": "$308.5 billion (2017 est.) / $298.6 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 18 + "country comparison to the world": 24 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "India 10.1%, Iran 9.9%, Japan 9.3%, China 5.4%, Oman 5%, Switzerland 4.4%, South Korea 4.1% (2017)" @@ -662,7 +675,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$229.2 billion (2017 est.) / $226.5 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 21 + "country comparison to the world": 31 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food" @@ -679,7 +692,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 32 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Emirati dirhams (AED) per US dollar - / 3.673 (2017 est.) / 3.673 (2016 est.) / 3.673 (2015 est.) / 3.673 (2014 est.) / 3.673 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Emirati dirhams (AED) per US dollar - / 3.67315 (2020 est.) / 3.67315 (2019 est.) / 3.67315 (2018 est.) / 3.673 (2014 est.) / 3.673 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -710,7 +723,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "99% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 26 + "country comparison to the world": 25 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/middle-east/aj.json b/middle-east/aj.json index cc8e8935..ba8cee7e 100644 --- a/middle-east/aj.json +++ b/middle-east/aj.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "3,971 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the region's autonomy was abolished by Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet on 26 November 1991", - "country comparison to the world": 114 + "country comparison to the world": 113 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about three-quarters the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Maine" @@ -172,19 +172,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.77% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 131 + "country comparison to the world": 130 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "14.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 126 + "country comparison to the world": 125 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 124 + "country comparison to the world": 123 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 76 + "country comparison to the world": 75 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the county, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly light and evenly distributed population" @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ "female": { "text": "20.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 72 + "country comparison to the world": 71 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.88 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 133 + "country comparison to the world": 132 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "54.9% (2011)" @@ -307,8 +307,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 83 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.5% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 159 + "text": "2.5% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 150 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -524,30 +524,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Prior to the decline in global oil prices since 2014, Azerbaijan's high economic growth was attributable to rising energy exports and to some non-export sectors. Oil exports through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline, the Baku-Novorossiysk, and the Baku-Supsa Pipelines remain the main economic driver, but efforts to boost Azerbaijan's gas production are underway. The expected completion of the geopolitically important Southern Gas Corridor (SGC) between Azerbaijan and Europe will open up another source of revenue from gas exports. First gas to Turkey through the SGC is expected in 2018 with project completion expected by 2020-21. ++ Declining oil prices caused a 3.1% contraction in GDP in 2016, and a 0.8% decline in 2017, highlighted by a sharp reduction in the construction sector. The economic decline was accompanied by higher inflation, a weakened banking sector, and two sharp currency devaluations in 2015. Azerbaijan's financial sector continued to struggle. In May 2017, Baku allowed the majority state-owed International Bank of Azerbaijan (IBA), the nation's largest bank, to default on some of its outstanding debt and file for restructuring in Azerbaijani courts; IBA also filed in US and UK bankruptcy courts to have its restructuring recognized in their respective jurisdictions. ++ Azerbaijan has made limited progress with market-based economic reforms. Pervasive public and private sector corruption and structural economic inefficiencies remain a drag on long-term growth, particularly in non-energy sectors. The government has, however, made efforts to combat corruption, particularly in customs and government services. Several other obstacles impede Azerbaijan's economic progress, including the need for more foreign investment in the non-energy sector and the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. While trade with Russia and the other former Soviet republics remains important, Azerbaijan has expanded trade with Turkey and Europe and is seeking new markets for non-oil/gas exports - mainly in the agricultural sector - with Gulf Cooperation Council member countries, the US, and others. It is also improving Baku airport and the Caspian Sea port of Alat for use as a regional transportation and logistics hub. ++ Long-term prospects depend on world oil prices, Azerbaijan's ability to develop export routes for its growing gas production, and its ability to improve the business environment and diversify the economy. In late 2016, the president approved a strategic roadmap for economic reforms that identified key non-energy segments of the economy for development, such as agriculture, logistics, information technology, and tourism. In October 2017, the long-awaited Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway, stretching from the Azerbaijani capital to Kars in north-eastern Turkey, began limited service." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$172.2 billion (2017 est.) / $172.1 billion (2016 est.) / $177.6 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 73 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$40.67 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "0.1% (2017 est.) / -3.1% (2016 est.) / 0.6% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 189 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.6% (2019 est.) / 2.3% (2018 est.) / 12.8% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 129 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB+ (2016)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba2 (2017)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BB+ (2016)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$159.167 billion (2019 est.) / $155.712 billion (2018 est.) / $153.411 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$48.104 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$17,500 (2017 est.) / $17,700 (2016 est.) / $18,500 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 101 + "text": "$5,863 (2019 est.) / $5,792 (2018 est.) / $5,767 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 151 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "24.6% of GDP (2017 est.) / 22.7% of GDP (2016 est.) / 27.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 63 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "6.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "53.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "40.4% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "57.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -568,16 +593,8 @@ "text": "-42% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "6.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "53.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "40.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "70.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "fruit, vegetables, grain, rice, grapes, tea, cotton, tobacco; cattle, pigs, sheep, goats" @@ -606,7 +623,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5% (2017 est.) / 5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 78 + "country comparison to the world": 79 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "4.9% (2015 est.)" @@ -642,17 +659,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "13% (2017 est.) / 12.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 209 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$1.685 billion (2017 est.) / -$1.363 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 44 }, "Exports": { "text": "$15.15 billion (2017 est.) / $13.21 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 76 + "country comparison to the world": 85 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Italy 23.2%, Turkey 13.6%, Israel 6.1%, Russia 5.4%, Germany 5%, Czech Republic 4.6%, Georgia 4.3% (2017)" @@ -662,7 +675,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$9.037 billion (2017 est.) / $9.004 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 105 + "country comparison to the world": 113 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, metals, chemicals" @@ -710,7 +723,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "84% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 74 + "country comparison to the world": 73 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/middle-east/am.json b/middle-east/am.json index dd005c09..579ae6d0 100644 --- a/middle-east/am.json +++ b/middle-east/am.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "1,540 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 143 + "country comparison to the world": 142 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" @@ -169,11 +169,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.3% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "country comparison to the world": 217 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 163 + "country comparison to the world": 162 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-5.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than five times as many people as Gyumri, the second largest city in the country" @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ "female": { "text": "10 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 112 + "country comparison to the world": 111 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.65 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 180 + "country comparison to the world": 179 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "57.1% (2015/16)" @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.7% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 150 + "country comparison to the world": 142 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -517,30 +517,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics, in exchange for raw materials and energy. Armenia has since switched to small-scale agriculture and away from the large agro industrial complexes of the Soviet era. Armenia has only two open trade borders - Iran and Georgia - because its borders with Azerbaijan and Turkey have been closed since 1991 and 1993, respectively, as a result of Armenia's ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region. ++ Armenia joined the World Trade Organization in January 2003. The government has made some improvements in tax and customs administration in recent years, but anti-corruption measures have been largely ineffective. Armenia will need to pursue additional economic reforms and strengthen the rule of law in order to raise its economic growth and improve economic competitiveness and employment opportunities, especially given its economic isolation from Turkey and Azerbaijan. ++ Armenia's geographic isolation, a narrow export base, and pervasive monopolies in important business sectors have made it particularly vulnerable to volatility in the global commodity markets and the economic challenges in Russia. Armenia is particularly dependent on Russian commercial and governmental support, as most key Armenian infrastructure is Russian-owned and/or managed, especially in the energy sector. Remittances from expatriates working in Russia are equivalent to about 12-14% of GDP. Armenia joined the Russia-led Eurasian Economic Union in January 2015, but has remained interested in pursuing closer ties with the EU as well, signing a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement with the EU in November 2017. Armenia's rising government debt is leading Yerevan to tighten its fiscal policies – the amount is approaching the debt to GDP ratio threshold set by national legislation." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "7.5% (2017 est.) / 0.3% (2016 est.) / 3.3% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 11 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.4% (2019 est.) / 2.5% (2018 est.) / 0.9% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 81 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B+ (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba3 (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$28.34 billion (2017 est.) / $26.37 billion (2016 est.) / $26.3 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 136 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$11.54 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "7.5% (2017 est.) / 0.3% (2016 est.) / 3.3% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 12 + "text": "$13.694 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$9,500 (2017 est.) / $8,800 (2016 est.) / $8,800 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 142 + "country comparison to the world": 119 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "17.8% of GDP (2017 est.) / 16.6% of GDP (2016 est.) / 18.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 112 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "16.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "28.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "54.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "76.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -561,16 +583,8 @@ "text": "-50.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "16.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "28.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "54.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "69.7 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "fruit (especially grapes and apricots), vegetables; livestock" @@ -599,7 +613,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "18.9% (2017 est.) / 18.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 185 + "country comparison to the world": 186 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "32% (2013 est.)" @@ -635,17 +649,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.9% (2017 est.) / -1.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 44 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$328 million (2017 est.) / -$238 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 111 }, "Exports": { "text": "$2.361 billion (2017 est.) / $1.891 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 134 + "country comparison to the world": 140 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Russia 24.2%, Bulgaria 12.8%, Switzerland 12%, Georgia 6.9%, Germany 5.9%, China 5.5%, Iraq 5.4%, UAE 4.6%, Netherlands 4.1% (2017)" @@ -655,7 +665,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$3.771 billion (2017 est.) / $2.835 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 141 + "country comparison to the world": 147 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "natural gas, petroleum, tobacco products, foodstuffs, diamonds, pharmaceuticals, cars" @@ -703,7 +713,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "58% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 134 + "country comparison to the world": 133 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "9% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/middle-east/ba.json b/middle-east/ba.json index dc498a26..ea73c4f7 100644 --- a/middle-east/ba.json +++ b/middle-east/ba.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 188 + "country comparison to the world": 187 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "3.5 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -169,15 +169,15 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.08% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 43 + "country comparison to the world": 42 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "12.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 149 + "country comparison to the world": 148 }, "Death rate": { "text": "2.8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 226 + "country comparison to the world": 225 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "10.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ "female": { "text": "7.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 147 + "country comparison to the world": 146 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.69 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 176 + "country comparison to the world": 175 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.3% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 163 + "country comparison to the world": 156 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -504,30 +504,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Oil and natural gas play a dominant role in Bahrain's economy. Despite the Government's past efforts to diversify the economy, oil still comprises 85% of Bahraini budget revenues. In the last few years lower world energy prices have generated sizable budget deficits - about 10% of GDP in 2017 alone. Bahrain has few options for covering these deficits, with low foreign assets and fewer oil resources compared to its GCC neighbors. The three major US credit agencies downgraded Bahrain's sovereign debt rating to \"junk\" status in 2016, citing persistently low oil prices and the government's high debt levels. Nevertheless, Bahrain was able to raise about $4 billion by issuing foreign currency denominated debt in 2017. ++ Other major economic activities are production of aluminum - Bahrain's second biggest export after oil and gas –finance, and construction. Bahrain continues to seek new natural gas supplies as feedstock to support its expanding petrochemical and aluminum industries. In April 2018 Bahrain announced it had found a significant oil field off the country's west coast, but is still assessing how much of the oil can be extracted profitably. ++ In addition to addressing its current fiscal woes, Bahraini authorities face the long-term challenge of boosting Bahrain's regional competitiveness — especially regarding industry, finance, and tourism — and reconciling revenue constraints with popular pressure to maintain generous state subsidies and a large public sector. Since 2015, the government lifted subsidies on meat, diesel, kerosene, and gasoline and has begun to phase in higher prices for electricity and water. As part of its diversification plans, Bahrain implemented a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the US in August 2006, the first FTA between the US and a Gulf state. It plans to introduce a Value Added Tax (VAT) by the end of 2018." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$71.17 billion (2017 est.) / $68.59 billion (2016 est.) / $66.3 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 100 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$35.33 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.49% (2019 est.) / 13.89% (2018 est.) / 3.85% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 116 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.4% (2017 est.) / 2.8% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 83 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B+ (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B2 (2018)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B+ (2017)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$87.254 billion (2019 est.) / $85.169 billion (2018 est.) / $74.779 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$38.472 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$49,000 (2017 est.) / $48,200 (2016 est.) / $48,400 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 33 + "text": "$23,441 (2019 est.) / $23,927 (2018 est.) / $22,068 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 67 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "19.8% of GDP (2017 est.) / 21.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 22% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 99 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "39.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "60.4% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "45.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -548,16 +573,8 @@ "text": "-67.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "39.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "60.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "76.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish" @@ -588,7 +605,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.6% (2017 est.) / 3.7% (2016 est.)", "note": "note: official estimate; actual rate is higher", - "country comparison to the world": 49 + "country comparison to the world": 50 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -624,17 +641,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.4% (2017 est.) / 2.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 76 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.6 billion (2017 est.) / -$1.493 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 162 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$15.38 billion (2017 est.) / $12.78 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 75 + "text": "$27.635 billion (2018 est.) / $26.762 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 71 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "UAE 19.6%, Saudi Arabia 11.7%, US 10.8%, Oman 8.1%, China 6.5%, Qatar 5.7%, Japan 4.2% (2017)" @@ -643,8 +656,8 @@ "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, textiles" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$16.08 billion (2017 est.) / $13.59 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 84 + "text": "$23.399 billion (2018 est.) / $22.132 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 76 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "crude oil, machinery, chemicals" @@ -661,7 +674,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 63 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Bahraini dinars (BHD) per US dollar - / 0.376 (2017 est.) / 0.376 (2016 est.) / 0.376 (2015 est.) / 0.376 (2014 est.) / 0.376 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Bahraini dinars (BHD) per US dollar - / 0.37705 (2020 est.) / 0.37705 (2019 est.) / 0.377 (2018 est.) / 0.376 (2014 est.) / 0.376 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -839,7 +852,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "4 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 184 + "country comparison to the world": 183 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/middle-east/gg.json b/middle-east/gg.json index c305b732..c748c698 100644 --- a/middle-east/gg.json +++ b/middle-east/gg.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: approximately 12,560 sq km, or about 18% of Georgia's area, is Russian occupied; the seized area includes all of Abkhazia and the breakaway region of South Ossetia, which consists of the northern part of Shida Kartli, eastern slivers of the Imereti region and Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, and part of western Mtskheta-Mtianeti", - "country comparison to the world": 122 + "country comparison to the world": 121 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than South Carolina; slightly larger than West Virginia" @@ -175,11 +175,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.05% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 189 + "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 169 + "country comparison to the world": 168 }, "Death rate": { "text": "11 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 74 + "country comparison to the world": 73 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest" @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ "female": { "text": "11.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 101 + "country comparison to the world": 100 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.75 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 160 + "country comparison to the world": 159 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "40.6% (2018)" @@ -311,8 +311,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 126 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.8% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 111 + "text": "3.5% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 116 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -525,30 +525,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Georgia's main economic activities include cultivation of agricultural products such as grapes, citrus fruits, and hazelnuts; mining of manganese, copper, and gold; and producing alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, metals, machinery, and chemicals in small-scale industries. The country imports nearly all of its needed supplies of natural gas and oil products. It has sizeable hydropower capacity that now provides most of its electricity needs. ++ Georgia has overcome the chronic energy shortages and gas supply interruptions of the past by renovating hydropower plants and by increasingly relying on natural gas imports from Azerbaijan instead of from Russia. Construction of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, the South Caucasus gas pipeline, and the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railroad are part of a strategy to capitalize on Georgia's strategic location between Europe and Asia and develop its role as a transit hub for gas, oil, and other goods. ++ Georgia's economy sustained GDP growth of more than 10% in 2006-07, based on strong inflows of foreign investment, remittances, and robust government spending. However, GDP growth slowed following the August 2008 conflict with Russia, and sank to negative 4% in 2009 as foreign direct investment and workers' remittances declined in the wake of the global financial crisis. The economy rebounded in the period 2010-17, but FDI inflows, the engine of Georgian economic growth prior to the 2008 conflict, have not recovered fully. Unemployment remains persistently high. ++ The country is pinning its hopes for faster growth on a continued effort to build up infrastructure, enhance support for entrepreneurship, simplify regulations, and improve professional education, in order to attract foreign investment and boost employment, with a focus on transportation projects, tourism, hydropower, and agriculture. Georgia had historically suffered from a chronic failure to collect tax revenues; however, since 2004 the government has simplified the tax code, increased tax enforcement, and cracked down on petty corruption, leading to higher revenues. The government has received high marks from the World Bank for improvements in business transparency. Since 2012, the Georgian Dream-led government has continued the previous administration's low-regulation, low-tax, free market policies, while modestly increasing social spending and amending the labor code to comply with International Labor Standards. In mid-2014, Georgia concluded an association agreement with the EU, paving the way to free trade and visa-free travel. In 2017, Georgia signed Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with China as part of Tbilisi's efforts to diversify its economic ties. Georgia is seeking to develop its Black Sea ports to further facilitate East-West trade." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$39.85 billion (2017 est.) / $37.96 billion (2016 est.) / $36.91 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 119 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$15.16 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "5% (2017 est.) / 2.8% (2016 est.) / 2.9% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 47 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "4.8% (2019 est.) / 2.6% (2018 est.) / 6% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 179 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB (2019)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba2 (2017)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BB (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$39.85 billion (2017 est.) / $37.96 billion (2016 est.) / $36.91 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$17.694 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$10,700 (2017 est.) / $10,300 (2016 est.) / $9,900 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 138 + "country comparison to the world": 114 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "23% of GDP (2017 est.) / 19.9% of GDP (2016 est.) / 19.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 75 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "8.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "23.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "67.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "62.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -569,16 +594,8 @@ "text": "-62.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "8.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "23.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "67.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "83.7 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "citrus, grapes, tea, hazelnuts, vegetables; livestock" @@ -607,7 +624,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "NA% (2017 est.) / 11.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 160 + "country comparison to the world": 161 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "9.2% (2010 est.)" @@ -644,17 +661,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "6% (2017 est.) / 2.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 185 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.348 billion (2017 est.) / -$1.84 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 156 }, "Exports": { "text": "$3.566 billion (2017 est.) / $2.831 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 121 + "country comparison to the world": 128 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Russia 14.5%, Azerbaijan 10%, Turkey 7.9%, Armenia 7.7%, China 7.6%, Bulgaria 6.6%, Ukraine 4.6%, US 4.5% (2017)" @@ -664,7 +677,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$7.415 billion (2017 est.) / $6.747 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 114 + "country comparison to the world": 120 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "fuels, vehicles, machinery and parts, grain and other foods, pharmaceuticals" @@ -712,7 +725,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "35% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 179 + "country comparison to the world": 178 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/middle-east/gz.json b/middle-east/gz.json index 667da58c..1606a989 100644 --- a/middle-east/gz.json +++ b/middle-east/gz.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC" @@ -141,11 +141,11 @@ "female": { "text": "18.4 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.13% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 40 + "country comparison to the world": 39 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "28.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -153,11 +153,11 @@ }, "Death rate": { "text": "3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 225 + "country comparison to the world": 224 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-4.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population concentrated in major cities, particularly Gaza City in the north" @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ "female": { "text": "13.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 98 + "country comparison to the world": 97 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "3.64 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 39 + "country comparison to the world": 38 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "57.2% (2014)", @@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.3% of GDP (2017)", "note": "note: includes Gaza Strip and the West Bank", - "country comparison to the world": 47 + "country comparison to the world": 45 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -335,24 +335,41 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Movement and access restrictions, violent attacks, and the slow pace of post-conflict reconstruction continue to degrade economic conditions in the Gaza Strip, the smaller of the two areas comprising the Palestinian territories. Israeli controls became more restrictive after HAMAS seized control of the territory in June 2007. Under Hamas control, Gaza has suffered from rising unemployment, elevated poverty rates, and a sharp contraction of the private sector, which had relied primarily on export markets. ++ Since April 2017, the Palestinian Authority has reduced payments for electricity supplied to Gaza and cut salaries for its employees there, exacerbating poor economic conditions. Since 2014, Egypt's crackdown on the Gaza Strip's extensive tunnel-based smuggling network has exacerbated fuel, construction material, and consumer goods shortages in the territory. Donor support for reconstruction following the 51-day conflict in 2014 between Israel and HAMAS and other Gaza-based militant groups has fallen short of post-conflict needs." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "-15.2% (2014 est.) / 5.6% (2013 est.) / 7% (2012 est.)", + "note": "note: excludes the West Bank", + "country comparison to the world": 222 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.2% (2017 est.) / -0.2% (2016 est.)", + "note": "note: excludes the West Bank", + "country comparison to the world": 27 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "note": "see entry for the West Bank" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$2.938 billion (2014 est.)", "note": "note: excludes the West Bank" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-15.2% (2014 est.) / 5.6% (2013 est.) / 7% (2012 est.)", - "note": "note: excludes the West Bank", - "country comparison to the world": 223 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "note": "see entry for the the West Bank" }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "21.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "75% (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data exclude the West Bank" + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "88.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -374,17 +391,7 @@ }, "note": "note: data exclude the West Bank" }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "21.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "75% (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data exclude the West Bank" + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "olives, fruit, vegetables, flowers; beef, dairy products" @@ -400,7 +407,7 @@ "Labor force": { "text": "1.24 million (2017 est.)", "note": "note: excludes the West Bank", - "country comparison to the world": 138 + "country comparison to the world": 133 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -417,7 +424,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "27.9% (2017 est.) / 27% (2016 est.)", "note": "note: data exclude the West Bank", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "30% (2011 est.)", @@ -429,19 +436,14 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.2% (2017 est.) / -0.2% (2016 est.)", - "note": "note: excludes the West Bank", - "country comparison to the world": 16 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.444 billion (2017 est.) / -$1.348 billion (2016 est.)", "note": "note: excludes the West Bank", - "country comparison to the world": 152 + "country comparison to the world": 157 }, "Exports": { "text": "$1.955 billion (2017 est.) / $1.827 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 141 + "country comparison to the world": 145 }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "strawberries, carnations, vegetables, fish (small and irregular shipments, as permitted to transit the Israeli-controlled Kerem Shalom crossing)" @@ -449,7 +451,7 @@ "Imports": { "text": "$8.59 billion (2018 est.) / $7.852 billion (2017 est.)", "note": "see entry for the West Bank", - "country comparison to the world": 108 + "country comparison to the world": 115 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, consumer goods, fuel" @@ -467,17 +469,8 @@ }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "80,930 (2012)" - }, "electrification - total population": { - "text": "98% (2012)" - }, - "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99% (2012)" - }, - "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "93% (2012)" + "text": "100% (2018)" }, "note": "note: data for Gaza Strip and West Bank combined" }, @@ -562,7 +555,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "1 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 222 + "country comparison to the world": 221 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/middle-east/ir.json b/middle-east/ir.json index 6541ccb2..607f1ef2 100644 --- a/middle-east/ir.json +++ b/middle-east/ir.json @@ -179,19 +179,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.1% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 97 + "country comparison to the world": 96 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "16.3 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 107 + "country comparison to the world": 106 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 189 + "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 118 + "country comparison to the world": 117 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population is concentrated in the north, northwest, and west, reflecting the position of the Zagros and Elburz Mountains; the vast dry areas in the center and eastern parts of the country, around the deserts of the Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut, have a much lower population density" @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ "female": { "text": "13.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 99 + "country comparison to the world": 98 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.94 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 124 + "country comparison to the world": 123 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "77.4% (2010/11)" @@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ "vectorborne diseases": { "text": "Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever" }, - "note": "note: a new coronavirus is causing sustained community spread of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Iran; sustained community spread means that people have been infected with the virus, but how or where they became infected is not known, and the spread is ongoing; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 10 November 2020, Iran has reported a total of 673,250 cases of COVID-19 or 8,016 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 450 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" + "note": "note: a new coronavirus is causing sustained community spread of respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Iran; sustained community spread means that people have been infected with the virus, but how or where they became infected is not known, and the spread is ongoing; illness with this virus has ranged from mild to severe with fatalities reported; as of 8 December 2020, Iran has reported a total of 1,028,986 cases of COVID-19 or 12,251 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 595 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "25.8% (2016)", @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4% of GDP (2018)", - "country comparison to the world": 103 + "country comparison to the world": 97 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers selected by the president with legislative approval; the supreme leader has some control over appointments to several ministries" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "supreme leader appointed for life by Assembly of Experts; president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term and an additional nonconsecutive term); election last held on 19 May 2017 (next to be held in 2021)" + "text": "supreme leader appointed for life by Assembly of Experts; president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term and an additional nonconsecutive term); election last held on 19 May 2017 (next to be held on 18 June 2021)" }, "election results": { "text": "Hasan Fereidun ROHANI reelected president; percent of vote - Hasan Fereidun ROHANI (Moderation and Development Party) 58.8%, Ebrahim RAI'SI (Combat Clergy Association) 39.4% , Mostafa MIR-SALIM Islamic Coalition Party) 1.2%, Mostafa HASHEMITABA(Executives of Construction Party) 0.5%" @@ -511,30 +511,47 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Iran's economy is marked by statist policies, inefficiencies, and reliance on oil and gas exports, but Iran also possesses significant agricultural, industrial, and service sectors. The Iranian government directly owns and operates hundreds of state-owned enterprises and indirectly controls many companies affiliated with the country's security forces. Distortions - including corruption, price controls, subsidies, and a banking system holding billions of dollars of non-performing loans - weigh down the economy, undermining the potential for private-sector-led growth. ++ Private sector activity includes small-scale workshops, farming, some manufacturing, and services, in addition to medium-scale construction, cement production, mining, and metalworking. Significant informal market activity flourishes and corruption is widespread. ++ The lifting of most nuclear-related sanctions under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in January 2016 sparked a restoration of Iran's oil production and revenue that drove rapid GDP growth, but economic growth declined in 2017 as oil production plateaued. The economy continues to suffer from low levels of investment and declines in productivity since before the JCPOA, and from high levels of unemployment, especially among women and college-educated Iranian youth. ++ In May 2017, the re-election of President Hasan RUHANI generated widespread public expectations that the economic benefits of the JCPOA would expand and reach all levels of society. RUHANI will need to implement structural reforms that strengthen the banking sector and improve Iran's business climate to attract foreign investment and encourage the growth of the private sector. Sanctions that are not related to Iran's nuclear program remain in effect, and these—plus fears over the possible re-imposition of nuclear-related sanctions—will continue to deter foreign investors from engaging with Iran." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.64 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.581 trillion (2016 est.) / $1.405 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 18 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$430.7 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "3.7% (2017 est.) / 12.5% (2016 est.) / -1.6% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 78 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "10% (2017 est.) / 9.6% (2017 est.) / 9.1% (2016 est.)", + "note": "note: official Iranian estimate", + "country comparison to the world": 210 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$1.64 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.581 trillion (2016 est.) / $1.405 trillion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$581.252 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$20,100 (2017 est.) / $19,600 (2016 est.) / $17,700 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 89 + "country comparison to the world": 72 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "37.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 37.6% of GDP (2016 est.) / 35.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 12 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "9.6% (2016 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "35.3% (2016 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "55% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "49.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -555,16 +572,8 @@ "text": "-24.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "9.6% (2016 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "35.3% (2016 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "55% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "67.8 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, rice, other grains, sugar beets, sugarcane, fruits, nuts, cotton; dairy products, wool; caviar" @@ -595,7 +604,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "11.8% (2017 est.) / 12.4% (2016 est.)", "note": "note: data are Iranian Government numbers", - "country comparison to the world": 161 + "country comparison to the world": 162 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "18.7% (2007 est.)" @@ -632,18 +641,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "21 March - 20 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "9.6% (2017 est.) / 9.1% (2016 est.)", - "note": "note: official Iranian estimate", - "country comparison to the world": 202 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$9.491 billion (2017 est.) / $16.28 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 25 }, "Exports": { "text": "$101.4 billion (2017 est.) / $83.98 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 37 + "country comparison to the world": 47 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 27.5%, India 15.1%, South Korea 11.4%, Turkey 11.1%, Italy 5.7%, Japan 5.3% (2017)" @@ -653,7 +657,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$76.39 billion (2017 est.) / $63.14 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 44 + "country comparison to the world": 53 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "industrial supplies, capital goods, foodstuffs and other consumer goods, technical services" @@ -701,7 +705,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "84% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 75 + "country comparison to the world": 74 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "1% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -955,7 +959,7 @@ "text": "assessments of the size of the armed forces of Iran vary; approximately 600,000 total active personnel including 410,000 Islamic Republic of Iran Regular Forces (350,000 Ground Forces; 18,000 Navy; 45,000 Air Force/Air Defense Forces) and 190,000 Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (150,000 Ground Forces; 20,000 Navy; 15,000 Aerospace Force; 5,000 Qods Force); est. 90,000 active Basij Paramilitary Forces; est. 50,000 Law Enforcement Forces (2019 est.)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Iranian military's inventory includes a mix of domestically-produced and mostly older foreign equipment largely of Chinese, Russian, Soviet, and US origin (US equipment acquired prior to the Islamic Revolution in 1979); weapons imports from Western countries are restricted by international sanctions; since 2010, Iran has received equipment from Belarus, China, and Russia; Iran has a defense industry with the capacity to develop, produce, support, and sustain air, land, missile, and naval weapons programs (2019 est.)" + "text": "the Iranian military's inventory includes a mix of domestically-produced and mostly older foreign equipment largely of Chinese, Russian, Soviet, and US origin (US equipment acquired prior to the Islamic Revolution in 1979); weapons imports from Western countries are restricted by international sanctions; since 2010, Iran has received equipment from Belarus, China, and Russia; Iran has a defense industry with the capacity to develop, produce, support, and sustain air, land, missile, and naval weapons programs (2020)" }, "Military deployments": { "text": "est. 1,000 Syria (2020)", diff --git a/middle-east/is.json b/middle-east/is.json index 299a424d..5b064040 100644 --- a/middle-east/is.json +++ b/middle-east/is.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "440 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 153 + "country comparison to the world": 152 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than New Jersey" @@ -174,19 +174,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.46% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 74 + "country comparison to the world": 73 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "17.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 94 + "country comparison to the world": 93 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 190 + "country comparison to the world": 189 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "2.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 48 + "country comparison to the world": 47 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population concentrated in and around Tel-Aviv, as well as around the Sea of Galilee; the south remains sparsely populated with the exception of the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba" @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ "female": { "text": "3.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.59 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 68 + "country comparison to the world": 67 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -301,8 +301,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 44 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.8% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 33 + "text": "6.1% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 25 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -514,30 +514,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Israel has a technologically advanced free market economy. Cut diamonds, high-technology equipment, and pharmaceuticals are among its leading exports. Its major imports include crude oil, grains, raw materials, and military equipment. Israel usually posts sizable trade deficits, which are offset by tourism and other service exports, as well as significant foreign investment inflows. ++ Between 2004 and 2013, growth averaged nearly 5% per year, led by exports. The global financial crisis of 2008-09 spurred a brief recession in Israel, but the country entered the crisis with solid fundamentals, following years of prudent fiscal policy and a resilient banking sector. Israel's economy also weathered the 2011 Arab Spring because strong trade ties outside the Middle East insulated the economy from spillover effects. ++ Slowing domestic and international demand and decreased investment resulting from Israel's uncertain security situation reduced GDP growth to an average of roughly 2.8% per year during the period 2014-17. Natural gas fields discovered off Israel's coast since 2009 have brightened Israel's energy security outlook. The Tamar and Leviathan fields were some of the world's largest offshore natural gas finds in the last decade. Political and regulatory issues have delayed the development of the massive Leviathan field, but production from Tamar provided a 0.8% boost to Israel's GDP in 2013 and a 0.3% boost in 2014. One of the most carbon intense OECD countries, Israel generates about 57% of its power from coal and only 2.6% from renewable sources. ++ Income inequality and high housing and commodity prices continue to be a concern for many Israelis. Israel's income inequality and poverty rates are among the highest of OECD countries, and there is a broad perception among the public that a small number of \"tycoons\" have a cartel-like grip over the major parts of the economy. Government officials have called for reforms to boost the housing supply and to increase competition in the banking sector to address these public grievances. Despite calls for reforms, the restricted housing supply continues to impact younger Israelis seeking to purchase homes. Tariffs and non-tariff barriers, coupled with guaranteed prices and customs tariffs for farmers kept food prices high in 2016. Private consumption is expected to drive growth through 2018, with consumers benefitting from low inflation and a strong currency. ++ In the long term, Israel faces structural issues including low labor participation rates for its fastest growing social segments - the ultraorthodox and Arab-Israeli communities. Also, Israel's progressive, globally competitive, knowledge-based technology sector employs only about 8% of the workforce, with the rest mostly employed in manufacturing and services - sectors which face downward wage pressures from global competition. Expenditures on educational institutions remain low compared to most other OECD countries with similar GDP per capita." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$317.1 billion (2017 est.) / $307 billion (2016 est.) / $295.3 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 54 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$350.7 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "3.28% (2019 est.) / 3.69% (2018 est.) / 3.63% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 91 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.8% (2019 est.) / 0.8% (2018 est.) / 0.2% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 57 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "A+ (2016)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A1 (2008)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA- (2018)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$299.78 billion (2019 est.) / $290.259 billion (2018 est.) / $279.959 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$394.93 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$36,400 (2017 est.) / $35,900 (2016 est.) / $35,200 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 55 + "text": "$37,527 (2019 est.) / $36,933 (2018 est.) / $36,217 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 44 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "23.6% of GDP (2017 est.) / 24.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 25% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 72 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "26.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "69.5% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "55.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -558,16 +583,8 @@ "text": "-27.5% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "26.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "69.5% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "94.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "citrus, vegetables, cotton; beef, poultry, dairy products" @@ -596,7 +613,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.81% (2019 est.) / 4% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 56 + "country comparison to the world": 57 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "22% (2014 est.) (2014 est.)", @@ -633,17 +650,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.2% (2017 est.) / -0.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 17 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$13.411 billion (2019 est.) / $7.888 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 20 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$58.67 billion (2017 est.) / $56.17 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 48 + "text": "$104.992 billion (2019 est.) / $101.389 billion (2018 est.) / $95.196 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 45 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 28.8%, UK 8.2%, Hong Kong 7%, China 5.4%, Belgium 4.5% (2017)" @@ -652,8 +665,8 @@ "text": "machinery and equipment, software, cut diamonds, agricultural products, chemicals, textiles and apparel" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$68.61 billion (2017 est.) / $63.9 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 46 + "text": "$116.23 billion (2019 est.) / $111.652 billion (2018 est.) / $104.252 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 44 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "raw materials, military equipment, investment goods, rough diamonds, fuels, grain, consumer goods" @@ -670,7 +683,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 54 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar - / 3.606 (2017 est.) / 3.8406 (2016 est.) / 3.8406 (2015 est.) / 3.8869 (2014 est.) / 3.5779 (2013 est.)" + "text": "new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar - / 3.25 (2020 est.) / 3.4684 (2019 est.) / 3.7332 (2018 est.) / 3.8869 (2014 est.) / 3.5779 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -701,7 +714,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "95% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 44 + "country comparison to the world": 43 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/middle-east/iz.json b/middle-east/iz.json index a94b0433..f544ab3b 100644 --- a/middle-east/iz.json +++ b/middle-east/iz.json @@ -171,23 +171,23 @@ "female": { "text": "21.6 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 186 + "country comparison to the world": 185 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.16% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 37 + "country comparison to the world": 36 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "25.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 47 + "country comparison to the world": 46 }, "Death rate": { "text": "3.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 127 + "country comparison to the world": 126 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population is concentrated in the north, center, and eastern parts of the country, with many of the larger urban agglomerations found along extensive parts of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; much of the western and southern areas are either lightly populated or uninhabited" @@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ "female": { "text": "18.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 80 + "country comparison to the world": 79 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "3.39 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 44 + "country comparison to the world": 43 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "52.8% (2018)" @@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ "food or waterborne diseases": { "text": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever" }, - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Iraq; as of 10 November 2020, Iraq has reported a total of 496,019 cases of COVID-19 or 12,332 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 281 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Iraq; as of 8 December 2020, Iraq has reported a total of 562,520 cases of COVID-19 or 13,985 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 309 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "30.4% (2016)", @@ -515,30 +515,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Iraq's GDP growth slowed to 1.1% in 2017, a marked decline compared to the previous two years as domestic consumption and investment fell because of civil violence and a sluggish oil market. The Iraqi Government received its third tranche of funding from its 2016 Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) with the IMF in August 2017, which is intended to stabilize its finances by encouraging improved fiscal management, needed economic reform, and expenditure reduction. Additionally, in late 2017 Iraq received more than $1.4 billion in financing from international lenders, part of which was generated by issuing a $1 billion bond for reconstruction and rehabilitation in areas liberated from ISIL. Investment and key sector diversification are crucial components to Iraq's long-term economic development and require a strengthened business climate with enhanced legal and regulatory oversight to bolster private-sector engagement. The overall standard of living depends on global oil prices, the central government passage of major policy reforms, a stable security environment post-ISIS, and the resolution of civil discord with the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG). ++ Iraq's largely state-run economy is dominated by the oil sector, which provides roughly 85% of government revenue and 80% of foreign exchange earnings, and is a major determinant of the economy's fortunes. Iraq's contracts with major oil companies have the potential to further expand oil exports and revenues, but Iraq will need to make significant upgrades to its oil processing, pipeline, and export infrastructure to enable these deals to reach their economic potential. ++ In 2017, Iraqi oil exports from northern fields were disrupted following a KRG referendum that resulted in the Iraqi Government reasserting federal control over disputed oil fields and energy infrastructure in Kirkuk. The Iraqi government and the KRG dispute the role of federal and regional authorities in the development and export of natural resources. In 2007, the KRG passed an oil law to develop IKR oil and gas reserves independent of the federal government. The KRG has signed about 50 contracts with foreign energy companies to develop its reserves, some of which lie in territories taken by Baghdad in October 2017. The KRG is able to unilaterally export oil from the fields it retains control of through its own pipeline to Turkey, which Baghdad claims is illegal. In the absence of a national hydrocarbons law, the two sides have entered into five provisional oil- and revenue-sharing deals since 2009, all of which collapsed. ++ Iraq is making slow progress enacting laws and developing the institutions needed to implement economic policy, and political reforms are still needed to assuage investors' concerns regarding the uncertain business climate. The Government of Iraq is eager to attract additional foreign direct investment, but it faces a number of obstacles, including a tenuous political system and concerns about security and societal stability. Rampant corruption, outdated infrastructure, insufficient essential services, skilled labor shortages, and antiquated commercial laws stifle investment and continue to constrain growth of private, nonoil sectors. Under the Iraqi constitution, some competencies relevant to the overall investment climate are either shared by the federal government and the regions or are devolved entirely to local governments. Investment in the IKR operates within the framework of the Kurdistan Region Investment Law (Law 4 of 2006) and the Kurdistan Board of Investment, which is designed to provide incentives to help economic development in areas under the authority of the KRG. ++ Inflation has remained under control since 2006. However, Iraqi leaders remain hard-pressed to translate macroeconomic gains into an improved standard of living for the Iraqi populace. Unemployment remains a problem throughout the country despite a bloated public sector. Overregulation has made it difficult for Iraqi citizens and foreign investors to start new businesses. Corruption and lack of economic reforms - such as restructuring banks and developing the private sector – have inhibited the growth of the private sector." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$649.3 billion (2017 est.) / $662.9 billion (2016 est.) / $586.3 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 34 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$192.4 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "-2.1% (2017 est.) / 13.1% (2016 est.) / 2.5% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 206 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-0.1% (2019 est.) / 0.3% (2018 est.) / 0.2% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 17 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B- (2015)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Caa1 (2017)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B- (2015)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$600.154 billion (2019 est.) / $574.855 billion (2018 est.) / $578.113 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$231.994 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$16,700 (2017 est.) / $17,500 (2016 est.) / $15,900 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 107 + "text": "$5,604 (2019 est.) / $5,490 (2018 est.) / $5,651 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 154 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "19% of GDP (2017 est.) / 13.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 18.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 103 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "3.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "51% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "45.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "50.4% (2013 est.)" @@ -559,16 +584,8 @@ "text": "-40.9% (2016 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "3.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "51% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "45.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "77.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, cotton; cattle, sheep, poultry" @@ -597,7 +614,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "16% (2012 est.) / 15% (2010 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 178 + "country comparison to the world": 179 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "23% (2014 est.)" @@ -633,17 +650,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.1% (2017 est.) / 0.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 14 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$4.344 billion (2017 est.) / -$13.38 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 31 }, "Exports": { "text": "$61.4 billion (2017 est.) / $41.72 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 46 + "country comparison to the world": 58 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "India 21.2%, China 20.2%, US 15.8%, South Korea 9.4%, Greece 5.3%, Netherlands 4.8%, Italy 4.7% (2017)" @@ -653,7 +666,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$39.47 billion (2017 est.) / $19.57 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 60 + "country comparison to the world": 67 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, medicine, manufactures" @@ -701,7 +714,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "91% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 55 + "country comparison to the world": 54 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -943,7 +956,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 18 }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "assessments of the size of the Iraqi military, security services, and associated militia forces vary widely; the military and the security services are rebuilding after suffering considerable losses in personnel and equipment fighting the ISIS terrorist group (see note) and are also attempting to incorporate local militia groups; approximately 190,000 active personnel (180,000 Army; 3,000 Navy; 5,000 Air Force); National-Level Security Forces: est. 10,000 Iraqi Counterterrorism Service; est. 10,000 Presidential Brigades; est. 6,000 Prime Minister's Special Forces Division; other: est. 100-150,000 Popular Mobilization Forces; est. 150,000-200,000 Peshmerga Forces (2019 )", + "text": "assessments of the size of the Iraqi military, security services, and associated militia forces vary widely; the military and the security services are rebuilding after suffering considerable losses in personnel and equipment fighting the ISIS terrorist group (see note) and are also attempting to incorporate local militia groups; approximately 190,000 active personnel (180,000 Army; 3,000 Navy; 5,000 Air Force); National-Level Security Forces: est. 10,000 Iraqi Counterterrorism Service; est. 10,000 Presidential Brigades; est. 6,000 Prime Minister's Special Forces Division; other: est. 100-160,000 Popular Mobilization Forces; est. 150,000-200,000 Peshmerga Forces (2019 )", "note": "note: Iraqi Army strength reportedly fell from about 200,000 personnel in 2009 to around 50,000 in 2016" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { @@ -965,7 +978,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "15,167 (Turkey), 7,858 (West Bank and Gaza Strip), 5,041 (Iran) (2018); 241,738 (Syria) (2020)" + "text": "15,167 (Turkey), 7,858 (West Bank and Gaza Strip), 5,041 (Iran) (2018); 241,682 (Syria) (2020)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1,389,540 (displacement in central and northern Iraq since January 2014) (2020)" diff --git a/middle-east/jo.json b/middle-east/jo.json index f6e1b41f..fb2ee7fe 100644 --- a/middle-east/jo.json +++ b/middle-east/jo.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "540 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 113 + "country comparison to the world": 112 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about three-quarters the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Indiana" @@ -172,19 +172,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.4% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 81 + "country comparison to the world": 80 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "23 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 58 + "country comparison to the world": 57 }, "Death rate": { "text": "3.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 220 + "country comparison to the world": 219 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-11.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "country comparison to the world": 217 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population heavily concentrated in the west, and particularly the northwest, in and around the capital of Amman; a sizeable, but smaller population is located in the southwest along the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba" @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ "female": { "text": "12 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 103 + "country comparison to the world": 102 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "3.04 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 51 + "country comparison to the world": 50 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "51.8% (2017/18)" @@ -305,8 +305,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 100 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.6% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 121 + "text": "3.1% of GDP (2019)", + "country comparison to the world": 130 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Mike HANKEY (since 4 August 2019)" + "text": "Ambassador Henry T. WOOSTER (since 18 October 2020)" }, "telephone": { "text": "[962] (6) 590-6000" @@ -515,30 +515,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Jordan's economy is among the smallest in the Middle East, with insufficient supplies of water, oil, and other natural resources, underlying the government's heavy reliance on foreign assistance. Other economic challenges for the government include chronic high rates of unemployment and underemployment, budget and current account deficits, and government debt. ++ King ABDALLAH, during the first decade of the 2000s, implemented significant economic reforms, such as expanding foreign trade and privatizing state-owned companies that attracted foreign investment and contributed to average annual economic growth of 8% for 2004 through 2008. The global economic slowdown and regional turmoil contributed to slower growth from 2010 to 2017 - with growth averaging about 2.5% per year - and hurt export-oriented sectors, construction/real estate, and tourism. Since the onset of the civil war in Syria and resulting refugee crisis, one of Jordan's most pressing socioeconomic challenges has been managing the influx of approximately 660,000 UN-registered refugees, more than 80% of whom live in Jordan's urban areas. Jordan's own official census estimated the refugee number at 1.3 million Syrians as of early 2016. ++ Jordan is nearly completely dependent on imported energy—mostly natural gas—and energy consistently makes up 25-30% of Jordan's imports. To diversify its energy mix, Jordan has secured several contracts for liquefied and pipeline natural gas, developed several major renewables projects, and is currently exploring nuclear power generation and exploitation of abundant oil shale reserves. In August 2016, Jordan and the IMF agreed to a $723 million Extended Fund Facility that aims to build on the three-year, $2.1 billion IMF program that ended in August 2015 with the goal of helping Jordan correct budgetary and balance of payments imbalances." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$89 billion (2017 est.) / $87.28 billion (2016 est.) / $85.56 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 90 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$40.13 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2% (2019 est.) / 1.94% (2018 est.) / 2.12% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 137 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.3% (2019 est.) / 4.4% (2018 est.) / 3.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 33 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB- (2019)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B1 (2013)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B+ (2017)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$89 billion (2017 est.) / $58.215 billion (2017 est.) / $87.28 billion (2016 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$44.568 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$9,200 (2017 est.) / $9,200 (2016 est.) / $9,300 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 144 + "text": "$3,291 (2019 est.) / $3,271 (2018 est.) / $3,268 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 176 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "9.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / 9.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / 10.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 165 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "4.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "28.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "66.6% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "80.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -559,16 +584,8 @@ "text": "-58% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "4.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "28.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "66.6% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "84.5 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "citrus, tomatoes, cucumbers, olives, strawberries, stone fruits; sheep, poultry, dairy" @@ -598,7 +615,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "19.1% (2019 est.) / 18.61% (2018 est.)", "note": "note: official rate; unofficial rate is approximately 30%", - "country comparison to the world": 186 + "country comparison to the world": 187 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "14.2% (2002 est.)" @@ -635,17 +652,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.3% (2017 est.) / -0.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 138 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.222 billion (2019 est.) / -$2.964 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 152 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$7.511 billion (2017 est.) / $7.509 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 98 + "text": "$13.109 billion (2018 est.) / $12.718 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 88 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 24.9%, Saudi Arabia 12.8%, India 8.2%, Iraq 8.2%, Kuwait 5.4%, UAE 4.6% (2017)" @@ -654,8 +667,8 @@ "text": "textiles, fertilizers, potash, phosphates, vegetables, pharmaceuticals" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$18.21 billion (2017 est.) / $17.14 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 81 + "text": "$19.669 billion (2018 est.) / $19.353 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 83 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "crude oil, refined petroleum products, machinery, transport equipment, iron, cereals" @@ -672,7 +685,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 82 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Jordanian dinars (JOD) per US dollar - / 0.71 (2017 est.) / 0.71 (2016 est.) / 0.71 (2015 est.) / 0.71 (2014 est.) / 0.71 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Jordanian dinars (JOD) per US dollar - / 0.709 (2020 est.) / 0.709 (2019 est.) / 0.70925 (2018 est.) / 0.71 (2014 est.) / 0.71 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -703,7 +716,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "87% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 62 + "country comparison to the world": 61 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/middle-east/ku.json b/middle-east/ku.json index 1d7db6c1..9c0c39d6 100644 --- a/middle-east/ku.json +++ b/middle-east/ku.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 158 + "country comparison to the world": 157 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than New Jersey" @@ -172,19 +172,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.27% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 86 + "country comparison to the world": 85 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "18 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 90 + "country comparison to the world": 89 }, "Death rate": { "text": "2.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 227 + "country comparison to the world": 226 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-3.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 181 + "country comparison to the world": 180 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "densest settlement is along the Persian Gulf, particularly in Kuwait City and on Bubiyan Island; significant population threads extend south and west along highways that radiate from the capital, particularly in the southern half of the country" @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ "female": { "text": "6.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 162 + "country comparison to the world": 161 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.26 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 86 + "country comparison to the world": 85 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -430,10 +430,10 @@ "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-Umma (65 seats; 50 members directly elected from 5 multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 15 ex-officio members (cabinet ministers) appointed by the amir; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 26 November 2016 (next to be held on 5 December 2020)" + "text": "last held on 5 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "seats won - oppositionists and independents, including populists, Islamists, and liberals 26, pro-government loyalists 24; composition for elected members only - men 49, women 1, percent of women 1.5%" + "text": "all candidates ran as independents, though nearly half were oppositionists; composition - men 50, women 0, percent of women 0%" }, "note": "note: seats as of May 2019 - oppositionists and independents, including populists, Islamists, and liberals 25, pro-government loyalists 25; composition as of May 2019 for elected members only - men 49, women 1, percent of women 2%" }, @@ -508,30 +508,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Kuwait has a geographically small, but wealthy, relatively open economy with crude oil reserves of about 102 billion barrels - more than 6% of world reserves. Kuwaiti officials plan to increase production to 4 million barrels of oil equivalent per day by 2020. Petroleum accounts for over half of GDP, 92% of export revenues, and 90% of government income. ++ With world oil prices declining, Kuwait realized a budget deficit in 2015 for the first time more than a decade; in 2016, the deficit grew to 16.5% of GDP. Kuwaiti authorities announced cuts to fuel subsidies in August 2016, provoking outrage among the public and National Assembly, and the Amir dissolved the government for the seventh time in ten years. In 2017 the deficit was reduced to 7.2% of GDP, and the government raised $8 billion by issuing international bonds. Despite Kuwait's dependence on oil, the government has cushioned itself against the impact of lower oil prices, by saving annually at least 10% of government revenue in the Fund for Future Generations. ++ Kuwait has failed to diversify its economy or bolster the private sector, because of a poor business climate, a large public sector that employs about 74% of citizens, and an acrimonious relationship between the National Assembly and the executive branch that has stymied most economic reforms. The Kuwaiti Government has made little progress on its long-term economic development plan first passed in 2010. While the government planned to spend up to $104 billion over four years to diversify the economy, attract more investment, and boost private sector participation in the economy, many of the projects did not materialize because of an uncertain political situation or delays in awarding contracts. To increase non-oil revenues, the Kuwaiti Government in August 2017 approved draft bills supporting a Gulf Cooperation Council-wide value added tax scheduled to take effect in 2018." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$289.7 billion (2017 est.) / $299.7 billion (2016 est.) / $293.2 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 58 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$120.7 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "-3.3% (2017 est.) / 2.2% (2016 est.) / -1% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 214 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.5% (2017 est.) / 3.5% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 89 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AA (2008)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A1 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA- (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$262.665 billion (2018 est.) / $289.7 billion (2017 est.) / $259.433 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$134.638 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$65,800 (2017 est.) / $69,900 (2016 est.) / $69,200 (2015 est.)", + "text": "$33,087 (2018 est.) / $65,800 (2017 est.) / $33,334 (2017 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 15 + "country comparison to the world": 53 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "35.4% of GDP (2017 est.) / 32.9% of GDP (2016 est.) / 37.1% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 16 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "58.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "40.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "43.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -552,16 +577,8 @@ "text": "-47% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "58.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "40.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "88.4 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "fish" @@ -627,17 +644,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.5% (2017 est.) / 3.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 83 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$7.127 billion (2017 est.) / -$5.056 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 28 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$55.17 billion (2017 est.) / $46.26 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 50 + "text": "$84.825 billion (2018 est.) / $89.098 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 51 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "South Korea 18.3%, China 17.4%, Japan 11.5%, India 11.2%, Singapore 6.3%, US 5.7% (2017)" @@ -646,8 +659,8 @@ "text": "oil and refined products, fertilizers" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$29.53 billion (2017 est.) / $26.56 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 69 + "text": "$54.556 billion (2018 est.) / $55.025 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 58 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, construction materials, vehicles and parts, clothing" @@ -664,7 +677,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 68 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Kuwaiti dinars (KD) per US dollar - / 0.3041 (2017 est.) / 0.3022 (2016 est.) / 0.3022 (2015 est.) / 0.3009 (2014 est.) / 0.2845 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Kuwaiti dinars (KD) per US dollar - / 0.3049 (2020 est.) / 0.3037 (2019 est.) / 0.304 (2018 est.) / 0.3009 (2014 est.) / 0.2845 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -739,7 +752,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "17.1 billion cu m (2017 est.)", diff --git a/middle-east/le.json b/middle-east/le.json index 0194998b..99646883 100644 --- a/middle-east/le.json +++ b/middle-east/le.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "170 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 169 + "country comparison to the world": 168 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about one-third the size of Maryland" @@ -172,19 +172,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-6.68% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 237 + "country comparison to the world": 236 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "13.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 138 + "country comparison to the world": 137 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 185 + "country comparison to the world": 184 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-88.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 228 + "country comparison to the world": 227 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the majority of the people live on or near the Mediterranean coast, and of these most live in and around the capital, Beirut; favorable growing conditions in the Bekaa Valley, on the southeastern side of the Lebanon Mountains, have attracted farmers and thus the area exhibits a smaller population density" @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ "female": { "text": "6.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 161 + "country comparison to the world": 160 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.71 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 170 + "country comparison to the world": 169 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.5% of GDP (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 161 + "country comparison to the world": 154 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -500,30 +500,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Lebanon has a free-market economy and a strong laissez-faire commercial tradition. The government does not restrict foreign investment; however, the investment climate suffers from red tape, corruption, arbitrary licensing decisions, complex customs procedures, high taxes, tariffs, and fees, archaic legislation, and inadequate intellectual property rights protection. The Lebanese economy is service-oriented; main growth sectors include banking and tourism. ++ The 1975-90 civil war seriously damaged Lebanon's economic infrastructure, cut national output by half, and derailed Lebanon's position as a Middle Eastern banking hub. Following the civil war, Lebanon rebuilt much of its war-torn physical and financial infrastructure by borrowing heavily, mostly from domestic banks, which saddled the government with a huge debt burden. Pledges of economic and financial reforms made at separate international donor conferences during the 2000s have mostly gone unfulfilled, including those made during the Paris III Donor Conference in 2007, following the July 2006 war. The \"CEDRE\" investment event hosted by France in April 2018 again rallied the international community to assist Lebanon with concessional financing and some grants for capital infrastructure improvements, conditioned upon long-delayed structural economic reforms in fiscal management, electricity tariffs, and transparent public procurement, among many others. ++ The Syria conflict cut off one of Lebanon's major markets and a transport corridor through the Levant. The influx of nearly one million registered and an estimated 300,000 unregistered Syrian refugees has increased social tensions and heightened competition for low-skill jobs and public services. Lebanon continues to face several long-term structural weaknesses that predate the Syria crisis, notably, weak infrastructure, poor service delivery, institutionalized corruption, and bureaucratic over-regulation. Chronic fiscal deficits have increased Lebanon's debt-to-GDP ratio, the third highest in the world; most of the debt is held internally by Lebanese banks. These factors combined to slow economic growth to the 1-2% range in 2011-17, after four years of averaging 8% growth. Weak economic growth limits tax revenues, while the largest government expenditures remain debt servicing, salaries for government workers, and transfers to the electricity sector. These limitations constrain other government spending, limiting its ability to invest in necessary infrastructure improvements, such as water, electricity, and transportation. In early 2018, the Lebanese government signed long-awaited contract agreements with an international consortium for petroleum exploration and production as part of the country's first offshore licensing round. Exploration is expected to begin in 2019." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$88.25 billion (2017 est.) / $86.94 billion (2016 est.) / $85.45 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 92 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$54.18 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.5% (2017 est.) / 1.7% (2016 est.) / 0.2% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 154 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.8% (2019 est.) / 6% (2018 est.) / 4.4% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 144 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "RD (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "C (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "D (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$88.25 billion (2017 est.) / $86.94 billion (2016 est.) / $85.45 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$53.253 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$19,600 (2017 est.) / $19,500 (2016 est.) / $19,300 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 91 + "country comparison to the world": 73 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "-0.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 0.7% of GDP (2016 est.) / 4.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 181 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "3.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "13.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "83% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "87.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -544,16 +569,8 @@ "text": "-46.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "3.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "13.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "83% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "78.2 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "citrus, grapes, tomatoes, apples, vegetables, potatoes, olives, tobacco; sheep, goats" @@ -583,7 +600,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "9.7% (2007)", - "country comparison to the world": 143 + "country comparison to the world": 144 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "28.6% (2004 est.)" @@ -620,17 +637,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.5% (2017 est.) / -0.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 167 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$12.37 billion (2017 est.) / -$11.18 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Exports": { "text": "$3.524 billion (2017 est.) / $3.689 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 122 + "country comparison to the world": 129 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 13%, UAE 9.9%, South Africa 7.5%, Saudi Arabia 6.5%, Syria 6.5%, Iraq 5.8%, Turkey 4.6% (2017)" @@ -640,7 +653,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$18.34 billion (2017 est.) / $17.71 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 80 + "country comparison to the world": 89 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum products, cars, medicinal products, clothing, meat and live animals, consumer goods, paper, textile fabrics, tobacco, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals" @@ -657,7 +670,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 76 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Lebanese pounds (LBP) per US dollar - / 1,507.5 (2017 est.) / 1,507.5 (2016 est.) / 1,507.5 (2015 est.) / 1,507.5 (2014 est.) / 1,507.5 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Lebanese pounds (LBP) per US dollar - / 1,517.5 (2020 est.) / 1,513 (2019 est.) / 1,506.5 (2018 est.) / 1,507.5 (2014 est.) / 1,507.5 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -688,7 +701,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "88% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 59 + "country comparison to the world": 58 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/middle-east/mu.json b/middle-east/mu.json index d6a43511..2ce9fe29 100644 --- a/middle-east/mu.json +++ b/middle-east/mu.json @@ -178,19 +178,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.96% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 49 + "country comparison to the world": 48 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "23.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 57 + "country comparison to the world": 56 }, "Death rate": { "text": "3.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 224 + "country comparison to the world": 223 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 124 + "country comparison to the world": 123 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the vast majority of the population is located in and around the Al Hagar Mountains in the north of the country; another smaller cluster is found around the city of Salalah in the far south; most of the country remains sparsely poplulated" @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "female": { "text": "11.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 110 + "country comparison to the world": 109 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.76 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 62 + "country comparison to the world": 61 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "29.7% (2014)" @@ -516,30 +516,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Oman is heavily dependent on oil and gas resources, which can generate between and 68% and 85% of government revenue, depending on fluctuations in commodity prices. In 2016, low global oil prices drove Oman's budget deficit to $13.8 billion, or approximately 20% of GDP, but the budget deficit is estimated to have reduced to 12% of GDP in 2017 as Oman reduced government subsidies. As of January 2018, Oman has sufficient foreign assets to support its currency's fixed exchange rates. It is issuing debt to cover its deficit. ++ Oman is using enhanced oil recovery techniques to boost production, but it has simultaneously pursued a development plan that focuses on diversification, industrialization, and privatization, with the objective of reducing the oil sector's contribution to GDP. The key components of the government's diversification strategy are tourism, shipping and logistics, mining, manufacturing, and aquaculture. ++ Muscat also has notably focused on creating more Omani jobs to employ the rising number of nationals entering the workforce. However, high social welfare benefits - that had increased in the wake of the 2011 Arab Spring - have made it impossible for the government to balance its budget in light of current oil prices. In response, Omani officials imposed austerity measures on its gasoline and diesel subsidies in 2016. These spending cuts have had only a moderate effect on the government's budget, which is projected to again face a deficit of $7.8 billion in 2018." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "-0.9% (2017 est.) / 5% (2016 est.) / 4.7% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 198 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.1% (2019 est.) / 0.7% (2018 est.) / 1.7% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 23 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB- (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba3 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B+ (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$190.1 billion (2017 est.) / $191.9 billion (2016 est.) / $182.8 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 67 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$70.78 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-0.9% (2017 est.) / 5% (2016 est.) / 4.7% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "text": "$76.883 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$46,000 (2017 est.) / $47,900 (2016 est.) / $48,400 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 37 + "country comparison to the world": 35 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "16.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / 10.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 14.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 127 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "46.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "51.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "36.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -560,16 +585,8 @@ "text": "-46.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "46.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "51.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "93.5 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "dates, limes, bananas, alfalfa, vegetables; camels, cattle; fish" @@ -584,7 +601,7 @@ "Labor force": { "text": "2.255 million (2016 est.)", "note": "note: about 60% of the labor force is non-national", - "country comparison to the world": 119 + "country comparison to the world": 118 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -635,17 +652,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.) / 1.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 90 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$10.76 billion (2017 est.) / -$12.32 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 192 }, "Exports": { "text": "$103.3 billion (2017 est.) / $27.54 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 35 + "country comparison to the world": 46 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 43.7%, UAE 11%, South Korea 7.9%, Saudi Arabia 4.2% (2017)" @@ -655,7 +668,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$24.12 billion (2017 est.) / $21.29 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 70 + "country comparison to the world": 75 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, livestock, lubricants" @@ -672,19 +685,19 @@ "country comparison to the world": 70 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Omani rials (OMR) per US dollar - / 0.3845 (2017 est.) / 0.3845 (2016 est.) / 0.3845 (2015 est.) / 0.3845 (2014 est.) / 0.3845 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Omani rials (OMR) per US dollar - / 0.38505 (2020 est.) / 0.38505 (2019 est.) / 0.385 (2018 est.) / 0.3845 (2014 est.) / 0.3845 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99% (2016)" + "text": "99% (2019)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100% (2016)" + "text": "100% (2019)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "93% (2016)" + "text": "92% (2019)" } }, "Electricity - production": { diff --git a/middle-east/qa.json b/middle-east/qa.json index e74028fc..d2287d80 100644 --- a/middle-east/qa.json +++ b/middle-east/qa.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 165 + "country comparison to the world": 164 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "almost twice the size of Delaware; slightly smaller than Connecticut" @@ -176,15 +176,15 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.55% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 66 + "country comparison to the world": 65 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "9.3 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 201 + "country comparison to the world": 200 }, "Death rate": { "text": "1.6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 229 + "country comparison to the world": 228 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "6.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ "female": { "text": "5.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 167 + "country comparison to the world": 166 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.88 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 135 + "country comparison to the world": 134 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "37.5% (2012)" @@ -302,8 +302,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 15 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.9% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 143 + "text": "2.7% of GDP (2019)", + "country comparison to the world": 145 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Phillip NELSON (since 2 March 2020)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ambassador Greta C. HOLTZ (since 14 June 2020)" }, "telephone": { "text": "[974] 4496-6000" @@ -511,30 +511,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Qatar's oil and natural gas resources are the country's main economic engine and government revenue source, driving Qatar's high economic growth and per capita income levels, robust state spending on public entitlements, and booming construction spending, particularly as Qatar prepares to host the World Cup in 2022. Although the government has maintained high capital spending levels for ongoing infrastructure projects, low oil and natural gas prices in recent years have led the Qatari Government to tighten some spending to help stem its budget deficit. ++ Qatar's reliance on oil and natural gas is likely to persist for the foreseeable future. Proved natural gas reserves exceed 25 trillion cubic meters - 13% of the world total and, among countries, third largest in the world. Proved oil reserves exceed 25 billion barrels, allowing production to continue at current levels for about 56 years. Despite the dominance of oil and natural gas, Qatar has made significant gains in strengthening non-oil sectors, such as manufacturing, construction, and financial services, leading non-oil GDP to steadily rise in recent years to just over half the total. ++ Following trade restriction imposed by Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain, and Egypt in 2017, Qatar established new trade routes with other countries to maintain access to imports." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$339.5 billion (2017 est.) / $334.2 billion (2016 est.) / $327.3 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 52 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$166.9 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.6% (2017 est.) / 2.1% (2016 est.) / 3.7% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 153 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-0.6% (2019 est.) / 0.2% (2018 est.) / 0.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 11 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AA- (2017)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aa3 (2017)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA- (2017)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$344.108 billion (2019 est.) / $344.74 billion (2018 est.) / $339.668 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$191.29 billion (2018 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$124,100 (2017 est.) / $127,700 (2016 est.) / $134,200 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 2 + "text": "$62,019 (2019 est.) / $63,259 (2018 est.) / $63,631 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 16 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "50.2% of GDP (2017 est.) / 42.4% of GDP (2016 est.) / 47.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 1 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "50.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "49.5% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "24.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -555,16 +580,8 @@ "text": "-37.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "50.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "49.5% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "86.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish" @@ -582,7 +599,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "8.9% (2017 est.) / 11.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 135 + "country comparison to the world": 136 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -618,17 +635,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.4% (2017 est.) / 2.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 25 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$6.426 billion (2017 est.) / -$8.27 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 29 }, "Exports": { "text": "$67.5 billion (2017 est.) / $57.25 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 44 + "country comparison to the world": 56 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Japan 17.3%, South Korea 16%, India 12.6%, China 11.2%, Singapore 8.2%, UAE 6.4% (2017)" @@ -638,7 +651,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$30.77 billion (2017 est.) / $31.93 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 67 + "country comparison to the world": 71 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals" @@ -655,7 +668,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 39 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Qatari rials (QAR) per US dollar - / 3.64 (2017 est.) / 3.64 (2016 est.) / 3.64 (2015 est.) / 3.64 (2014 est.) / 3.64 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Qatari rials (QAR) per US dollar - / 3.641 (2020 est.) / 3.641 (2019 est.) / 3.641 (2018 est.) / 3.64 (2014 est.) / 3.64 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/middle-east/sa.json b/middle-east/sa.json index 3635b71e..239ea126 100644 --- a/middle-east/sa.json +++ b/middle-east/sa.json @@ -178,19 +178,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.6% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 64 + "country comparison to the world": 63 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "14.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 124 + "country comparison to the world": 123 }, "Death rate": { "text": "3.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 221 + "country comparison to the world": 220 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "4.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 27 + "country comparison to the world": 26 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "historically a population that was mostly nomadic or semi-nomadic, the Saudi population has become more settled since petroleum was discovered in the 1930s; most of the economic activities - and with it the country's population - is concentrated in a wide area across the middle of the peninsula, from Ad Dammam in the east, through Riyadh in the interior, to Mecca-Medina in the west near the Red Sea" @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "female": { "text": "10.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 117 + "country comparison to the world": 116 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.95 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 121 + "country comparison to the world": 120 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "24.6% (2016)" @@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ "text": "<500 (2016 est.)" }, "Major infectious diseases": { - "note": "note: sporadic cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are occurring throughout Saudi Arabia; as of 10 November 2020, Saudi Arabia has reported a total of 350,229 cases of COVID-19 or 10,060 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 159 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" + "note": "note: sporadic cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are occurring throughout Saudi Arabia; as of 8 December 2020, Saudi Arabia has reported a total of 358,526 cases of COVID-19 or 10,298 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 171 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "35.4% (2016)", @@ -512,30 +512,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Saudi Arabia has an oil-based economy with strong government controls over major economic activities. It possesses about 16% of the world's proven petroleum reserves, ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum, and plays a leading role in OPEC. The petroleum sector accounts for roughly 87% of budget revenues, 42% of GDP, and 90% of export earnings. ++ Saudi Arabia is encouraging the growth of the private sector in order to diversify its economy and to employ more Saudi nationals. Approximately 6 million foreign workers play an important role in the Saudi economy, particularly in the oil and service sectors; at the same time, however, Riyadh is struggling to reduce unemployment among its own nationals. Saudi officials are particularly focused on employing its large youth population. ++ In 2017, the Kingdom incurred a budget deficit estimated at 8.3% of GDP, which was financed by bond sales and drawing down reserves. Although the Kingdom can finance high deficits for several years by drawing down its considerable foreign assets or by borrowing, it has cut capital spending and reduced subsidies on electricity, water, and petroleum products and recently introduced a value-added tax of 5%. In January 2016, Crown Prince and Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN announced that Saudi Arabia intends to list shares of its state-owned petroleum company, ARAMCO - another move to increase revenue and outside investment. The government has also looked at privatization and diversification of the economy more closely in the wake of a diminished oil market. Historically, Saudi Arabia has focused diversification efforts on power generation, telecommunications, natural gas exploration, and petrochemical sectors. More recently, the government has approached investors about expanding the role of the private sector in the health care, education and tourism industries. While Saudi Arabia has emphasized their goals of diversification for some time, current low oil prices may force the government to make more drastic changes ahead of their long-run timeline." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.775 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.79 trillion (2016 est.) / $1.761 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 16 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$686.7 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "-0.9% (2017 est.) / 1.7% (2016 est.) / 4.1% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 199 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "-2% (2019 est.) / -4.5% (2018 est.) / -0.8% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 3 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "A (2019)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A1 (2016)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "A- (2016)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$1.775 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.79 trillion (2016 est.) / $1.761 trillion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$792.849 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$54,500 (2017 est.) / $56,400 (2016 est.) / $56,800 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 22 + "country comparison to the world": 25 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "30.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / 27.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 26.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 32 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "44.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "53.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "41.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -556,16 +581,8 @@ "text": "-28.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "44.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "53.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "76.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, barley, tomatoes, melons, dates, citrus; mutton, chickens, eggs, milk" @@ -596,7 +613,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "6% (2017 est.) / 5.6% (2016 est.)", "note": "note: data are for total population; unemployment among Saudi nationals is more than double", - "country comparison to the world": 97 + "country comparison to the world": 98 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -632,17 +649,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "-0.9% (2017 est.) / 2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 3 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$15.23 billion (2017 est.) / -$23.87 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 19 }, "Exports": { "text": "$221.1 billion (2017 est.) / $183.6 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 24 + "country comparison to the world": 34 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Japan 12.2%, China 11.7%, South Korea 9%, India 8.9%, US 8.3%, UAE 6.7%, Singapore 4.2% (2017)" @@ -652,7 +665,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$119.3 billion (2017 est.) / $127.8 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 33 + "country comparison to the world": 43 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, motor vehicles, textiles" @@ -669,7 +682,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 36 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Saudi riyals (SAR) per US dollar - / 3.75 (2017 est.) / 3.75 (2016 est.) / 3.75 (2015 est.) / 3.75 (2014 est.) / 3.75 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Saudi riyals (SAR) per US dollar - / 3.7514 (2020 est.) / 3.75 (2019 est.) / 3.7518 (2018 est.) / 3.75 (2014 est.) / 3.75 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/middle-east/sy.json b/middle-east/sy.json index 9688beea..880e1eef 100644 --- a/middle-east/sy.json +++ b/middle-east/sy.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "1,550 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes 1,295 sq km of Israeli-occupied territory", - "country comparison to the world": 90 + "country comparison to the world": 89 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly more than 1.5 times the size of Pennsylvania" @@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ }, "Birth rate": { "text": "23.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 51 + "country comparison to the world": 50 }, "Death rate": { "text": "4.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "27.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population NA (2020 est.)", @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "female": { "text": "14.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 92 + "country comparison to the world": 91 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.9 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 55 + "country comparison to the world": 54 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -301,8 +301,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 79 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.1% of GDP (2009)", - "country comparison to the world": 61 + "text": "NA" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -516,31 +515,45 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Syria's economy has deeply deteriorated amid the ongoing conflict that began in 2011, declining by more than 70% from 2010 to 2017. The government has struggled to fully address the effects of international sanctions, widespread infrastructure damage, diminished domestic consumption and production, reduced subsidies, and high inflation, which have caused dwindling foreign exchange reserves, rising budget and trade deficits, a decreasing value of the Syrian pound, and falling household purchasing power. In 2017, some economic indicators began to stabilize, including the exchange rate and inflation, but economic activity remains depressed and GDP almost certainly fell. ++ During 2017, the ongoing conflict and continued unrest and economic decline worsened the humanitarian crisis, necessitating high levels of international assistance, as more than 13 million people remain in need inside Syria, and the number of registered Syrian refugees increased from 4.8 million in 2016 to more than 5.4 million. ++ Prior to the turmoil, Damascus had begun liberalizing economic policies, including cutting lending interest rates, opening private banks, consolidating multiple exchange rates, raising prices on some subsidized items, and establishing the Damascus Stock Exchange, but the economy remains highly regulated. Long-run economic constraints include foreign trade barriers, declining oil production, high unemployment, rising budget deficits, increasing pressure on water supplies caused by heavy use in agriculture, industrial contaction, water pollution, and widespread infrastructure damage." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$50.28 billion (2015 est.) / $55.8 billion (2014 est.) / $61.9 billion (2013 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars ++ the war-driven deterioration of the economy resulted in a disappearance of quality national level statistics in the 2012-13 period", - "country comparison to the world": 110 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$24.6 billion (2014 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "-36.5% (2014 est.) / -30.9% (2013 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2015 dollars", "country comparison to the world": 224 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "28.1% (2017 est.) / 47.3% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 222 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$50.28 billion (2015 est.) / $55.8 billion (2014 est.) / $61.9 billion (2013 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars ++ the war-driven deterioration of the economy resulted in a disappearance of quality national level statistics in the 2012-13 period" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$24.6 billion (2014 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$2,900 (2015 est.) / $3,300 (2014 est.) / $2,800 (2013 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "country comparison to the world": 180 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "17% of GDP (2017 est.) / 15.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / 16.1% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 121 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "20% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "19.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "60.8% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "73.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -561,16 +574,8 @@ "text": "-46.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "20% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "19.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "60.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "29.8 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, barley, cotton, lentils, chickpeas, olives, sugar beets; beef, mutton, eggs, poultry, milk" @@ -599,7 +604,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "50% (2017 est.) / 50% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 218 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "82.5% (2014 est.)" @@ -636,17 +641,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "28.1% (2017 est.) / 47.3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 220 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$2.123 billion (2017 est.) / -$2.077 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 168 }, "Exports": { "text": "$1.85 billion (2017 est.) / $1.705 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 143 + "country comparison to the world": 147 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Lebanon 31.5%, Iraq 10.3%, Jordan 8.8%, China 7.8%, Turkey 7.5%, Spain 7.3% (2017)" @@ -656,7 +657,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$6.279 billion (2017 est.) / $5.496 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 119 + "country comparison to the world": 128 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, electric power machinery, food and livestock, metal and metal products, chemicals and chemical products, plastics, yarn, paper" @@ -679,16 +680,16 @@ "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "population without electricity": { - "text": "1 million (2017)" + "text": "1 million (2019)" }, "electrification - total population": { - "text": "92% (2017)" + "text": "92% (2019)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100% (2017)" + "text": "100% (2019)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "84% (2017)" + "text": "84% (2019)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -713,7 +714,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "83% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 77 + "country comparison to the world": 76 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/middle-east/tu.json b/middle-east/tu.json index eeb0c786..7b1e7fb0 100644 --- a/middle-east/tu.json +++ b/middle-east/tu.json @@ -174,19 +174,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.45% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 159 + "country comparison to the world": 158 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "14.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 123 + "country comparison to the world": 122 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 161 + "country comparison to the world": 160 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-4.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 191 + "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the most densely populated area is found around the Bosporus in the northwest where 20% of the population lives in Istanbul; with the exception of Ankara, urban centers remain small and scattered throughout the interior of Anatolia; an overall pattern of peripheral development exists, particularly along the Aegean Sea coast in the west, and the Tigris and Euphrates River systems in the southeast" @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ "female": { "text": "14.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 95 + "country comparison to the world": 94 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.96 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 118 + "country comparison to the world": 117 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "69.8% (2018)" @@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ }, "Major infectious diseases": { "text": "Covid-19 (2020)", - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Turkey; as of 10 November 2020, Turkey has reported a total of 391,739 cases of COVID-19 or 4,645 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 128 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Turkey; as of 8 December 2020, Turkey has reported a total of 533,198 cases of COVID-19 or 6,322 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 174 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "32.1% (2016)", @@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.3% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 91 + "country comparison to the world": 86 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -527,30 +527,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Turkey's largely free-market economy is driven by its industry and, increasingly, service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. The automotive, petrochemical, and electronics industries have risen in importance and surpassed the traditional textiles and clothing sectors within Turkey's export mix. However, the recent period of political stability and economic dynamism has given way to domestic uncertainty and security concerns, which are generating financial market volatility and weighing on Turkey's economic outlook. ++ Current government policies emphasize populist spending measures and credit breaks, while implementation of structural economic reforms has slowed. The government is playing a more active role in some strategic sectors and has used economic institutions and regulators to target political opponents, undermining private sector confidence in the judicial system. Between July 2016 and March 2017, three credit ratings agencies downgraded Turkey's sovereign credit ratings, citing concerns about the rule of law and the pace of economic reforms. ++ Turkey remains highly dependent on imported oil and gas but is pursuing energy relationships with a broader set of international partners and taking steps to increase use of domestic energy sources including renewables, nuclear, and coal. The joint Turkish-Azerbaijani Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline is moving forward to increase transport of Caspian gas to Turkey and Europe, and when completed will help diversify Turkey's sources of imported gas. ++ After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms strengthened the country's economic fundamentals and ushered in an era of strong growth, averaging more than 6% annually until 2008. An aggressive privatization program also reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking, transport, power generation, and communication. Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused GDP to contract in 2009, but Turkey's well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country weather the global financial crisis, and GDP growth rebounded to around 9% in 2010 and 2011, as exports and investment recovered following the crisis. ++ The growth of Turkish GDP since 2016 has revealed the persistent underlying imbalances in the Turkish economy. In particular, Turkey's large current account deficit means it must rely on external investment inflows to finance growth, leaving the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence. Other troublesome trends include rising unemployment and inflation, which increased in 2017, given the Turkish lira's continuing depreciation against the dollar. Although government debt remains low at about 30% of GDP, bank and corporate borrowing has almost tripled as a percent of GDP during the past decade, outpacing its emerging-market peers and prompting investor concerns about its long-term sustainability." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.186 trillion (2017 est.) / $2.034 trillion (2016 est.) / $1.972 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 13 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$851.5 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "0.98% (2019 est.) / 3.04% (2018 est.) / 7.54% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 174 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "15.4% (2019 est.) / 16.2% (2018 est.) / 11.1% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 216 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB- (2019)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B2 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B+ (2018)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$2,062,045,000,000 (2019 est.) / $2,043,317,000,000 (2018 est.) / $1,984,594,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$760.028 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$27,000 (2017 est.) / $25,500 (2016 est.) / $25,000 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 77 + "text": "$15,075 (2019 est.) / $15,135 (2018 est.) / $14,922 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 92 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "25.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 24.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 24.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 57 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "6.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "32.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "60.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "59.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -571,16 +596,8 @@ "text": "-29.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "6.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "32.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "60.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "91.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, hazelnuts, pulses, citrus; livestock" @@ -610,7 +627,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "13.68% (2019 est.) / 11% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 169 + "country comparison to the world": 170 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "21.9% (2015 est.)" @@ -646,17 +663,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "11.1% (2017 est.) / 7.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 204 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$8.561 billion (2019 est.) / -$20.745 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 26 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$166.2 billion (2017 est.) / $150.2 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 30 + "text": "$310.671 billion (2019 est.) / $296.288 billion (2018 est.) / $271.866 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 23 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 9.6%, UK 6.1%, UAE 5.9%, Iraq 5.8%, US 5.5%, Italy 5.4%, France 4.2%, Spain 4% (2017)" @@ -665,8 +678,8 @@ "text": "apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$225.1 billion (2017 est.) / $191.1 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 22 + "text": "$258.385 billion (2019 est.) / $272.933 billion (2018 est.) / $291.523 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 27 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment" @@ -683,7 +696,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 26 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar - / 3.628 (2017 est.) / 3.0201 (2016 est.) / 3.0201 (2015 est.) / 2.72 (2014 est.) / 2.1885 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar - / 7.81925 (2020 est.) / 5.8149 (2019 est.) / 5.28905 (2018 est.) / 2.72 (2014 est.) / 2.1885 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -714,7 +727,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "53% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 144 + "country comparison to the world": 143 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -961,11 +974,11 @@ "text": "size assessments for the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) vary; approximately 375,000 total active duty personnel (280,000 Army; 45,000 Navy; 50,000 Air Force); approximately 150,000 Gendarmerie (2020 est.)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Turkish Armed Forces inventory is mostly comprised of a mix of domestically-produced and Western weapons systems, although in recent years, Turkey has also acquired some Chinese, Russian, and South Korean equipment; since 2010, the US is the leading provider of armaments to Turkey, followed by Italy, South Korea, and Spain (2019 est.)" + "text": "the Turkish Armed Forces inventory is mostly comprised of a mix of domestically-produced and Western weapons systems, although in recent years, Turkey has also acquired some Chinese, Russian, and South Korean equipment; since 2010, the US is the leading provider of armaments to Turkey, followed by Italy, South Korea, and Spain; Turkey has a robust defense industry capable of producing a range of weapons systems, including armored vehicles, naval vessels, and unmanned aerial platforms, although it is heavily dependent on Western technology (2020)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "600 Afghanistan (NATO); 250 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR); est. 25-35,000 Cyprus; 300 Kosovo (NATO); 170 Lebanon (UNIFIL); est. 200 Qatar; est. 200 Somalia; est. 5-10,000 Syria (2020)", - "note": "note: Turkey has deployed troops into northern Iraq on numerous occasions to combat the Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK), including operations involving thousands of troops in 2007, 2011, and 2018; its most recent incursion was in June 2020; in 2020, Turkey deployed Turkish troops and an estimated 3,500 Syrian civil war veterans to Libya to support the Libyan Government of National Accord (GNA)" + "text": "600 Afghanistan (NATO); 250 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR); est. 25-35,000 Cyprus; 300 Kosovo (NATO); 170 Lebanon (UNIFIL); est. 200 Qatar; est. 200 Somalia (training mission); est. 5-10,000 Syria (2020)", + "note": "note: Turkey has deployed troops into northern Iraq on numerous occasions to combat the Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK), including operations involving thousands of troops in 2007, 2011, and 2018; its most recent incursion was in June 2020; in 2020, Turkey deployed Turkish troops and an estimated 3,500-5,000 Syrian fighters to Libya to support the Libyan Government of National Accord (GNA)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "President Erdoğan on 25 June 2019 signed a new law cutting the men's mandatory military service period in half, as well as making paid military service permanent; with the new system, the period of conscription was reduced from 12 months to six months for private and non-commissioned soldiers (the service term for reserve officers chosen among university or college graduates will remain 12 months); after completing six months of service, if a conscripted soldier wants to and is suitable for extending his military service, he may do so for an additional six months in return for a monthly salary; under the new law, all male Turkish citizens over the age of 20 will be required to undergo a one month military training period, but they can obtain an exemption from the remaining five months of their mandatory service by paying 31,000 Turkish Liras (2019)" @@ -986,7 +999,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "3,630,702 (Syria), 170,000 (Afghanistan), 142,000 (Iraq), 39,000 (Iran), 5,700 (Somalia) (2020)" + "text": "3,638,420 (Syria), 170,000 (Afghanistan), 142,000 (Iraq), 39,000 (Iran), 5,700 (Somalia) (2020)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1.099 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2018)" diff --git a/middle-east/we.json b/middle-east/we.json index 4108ee54..bf96a703 100644 --- a/middle-east/we.json +++ b/middle-east/we.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "220 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes West Bank, Latrun Salient, and the northwest quarter of the Dead Sea, but excludes Mt. Scopus; East Jerusalem and Jerusalem No Man's Land are also included only as a means of depicting the entire area occupied by Israel in 1967", - "country comparison to the world": 172 + "country comparison to the world": 171 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Delaware" @@ -161,19 +161,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.77% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 58 + "country comparison to the world": 57 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "25.2 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 49 + "country comparison to the world": 48 }, "Death rate": { "text": "3.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 223 + "country comparison to the world": 222 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-4.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 190 + "country comparison to the world": 189 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "Palestinian settlements are primarily located in the central to western half of the territory; Jewish settlements are found in pockets throughout, particularly in the northeast, north-central, and around Jerusalem" @@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ "female": { "text": "11.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 104 + "country comparison to the world": 103 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "3.07 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 50 + "country comparison to the world": 49 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "57.2% (2014)", @@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.3% of GDP (2017)", "note": "note: includes Gaza Strip and the West Bank", - "country comparison to the world": 52 + "country comparison to the world": 48 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -345,33 +345,51 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "In 2017, the economic outlook in the West Bank - the larger of the two areas comprising the Palestinian Territories – remained fragile, as security concerns and political friction slowed economic growth. Unemployment in the West Bank remained high at 19.0% in the third quarter of 2017, only slightly better than 19.6% at the same point the previous year, while the labor force participation rate remained flat, year-on-year. ++ Longstanding Israeli restrictions on imports, exports, and movement of goods and people continue to disrupt labor and trade flows and the territory's industrial capacity, and constrain private sector development. The PA's budget benefited from an effort to improve tax collection, coupled with lower spending in 2017, but the PA for the foreseeable future will continue to rely heavily on donor aid for its budgetary needs and infrastructure development." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "5.3% (2014 est.) / 1% (2013 est.) / 6% (2012 est.)", + "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip", + "country comparison to the world": 42 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.2% (2017 est.) / -0.2% (2016 est.)", + "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip", + "country comparison to the world": 31 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$21.22 billion (2014 est.) / $20.15 billion (2013 est.) / $19.95 billion (2012 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2014 US dollars; includes Gaza Strip", - "country comparison to the world": 147 + "note": "note: data are in 2014 US dollars; includes Gaza Strip" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$9.828 billion (2014 est.)", "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "5.3% (2014 est.) / 1% (2013 est.) / 6% (2012 est.)", - "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip", - "country comparison to the world": 42 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$4,300 (2014 est.) / $4,400 (2013 est.) / $4,600 (2012 est.)", "note": "note: includes Gaza Strip", - "country comparison to the world": 175 + "country comparison to the world": 161 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "7.8% of GDP (2014 est.) / 9.5% of GDP (2013 est.) / 5% of GDP (2012 est.)", "note": "note: includes Gaza Strip", "country comparison to the world": 170 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "2.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "19.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "77.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip" + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "91.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -393,17 +411,7 @@ }, "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip" }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "2.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "19.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "77.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip" + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "olives, citrus fruit, vegetables; beef, dairy products" @@ -436,7 +444,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "27.9% (2017 est.) / 27% (2016 est.)", "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip", - "country comparison to the world": 200 + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "18% (2011 est.)" @@ -474,11 +482,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.2% (2017 est.) / -0.2% (2016 est.)", - "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip", - "country comparison to the world": 18 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.444 billion (2017 est.) / -$1.348 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 158 @@ -486,7 +489,7 @@ "Exports": { "text": "$2.126 billion (2017 est.) / $1.827 billion (2016 est.)", "note": "note: excludes Gaza Strip", - "country comparison to the world": 138 + "country comparison to the world": 143 }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "stone, olives, fruit, vegetables, limestone" @@ -494,7 +497,7 @@ "Imports": { "text": "$6.565 billion (2017 est.) / $6.207 billion (2016 est.)", "note": "note: data include the Gaza Strip", - "country comparison to the world": 117 + "country comparison to the world": 127 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food, consumer goods, construction materials, petroleum, chemicals" @@ -542,7 +545,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "78% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 91 + "country comparison to the world": 90 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -673,7 +676,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "2 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/middle-east/ym.json b/middle-east/ym.json index 21592936..bd148adc 100644 --- a/middle-east/ym.json +++ b/middle-east/ym.json @@ -177,23 +177,23 @@ "female": { "text": "19.9 years" }, - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.04% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 46 + "country comparison to the world": 45 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "25.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 46 + "country comparison to the world": 45 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 181 + "country comparison to the world": 180 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 111 + "country comparison to the world": 110 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the vast majority of the population is found in the Asir Mountains (part of the larger Sarawat Mountain system), located in the far western region of the country" @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ "female": { "text": "37.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 34 + "country comparison to the world": 33 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "3.2 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 47 + "country comparison to the world": 46 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "33.5% (2013)" @@ -540,30 +540,44 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Yemen is a low-income country that faces difficult long-term challenges to stabilizing and growing its economy, and the current conflict has only exacerbated those issues. The ongoing war has halted Yemen's exports, pressured the currency's exchange rate, accelerated inflation, severely limited food and fuel imports, and caused widespread damage to infrastructure. The conflict has also created a severe humanitarian crisis - the world's largest cholera outbreak currently at nearly 1 million cases, more than 7 million people at risk of famine, and more than 80% of the population in need of humanitarian assistance. ++ Prior to the start of the conflict in 2014, Yemen was highly dependent on declining oil and gas resources for revenue. Oil and gas earnings accounted for roughly 25% of GDP and 65% of government revenue. The Yemeni Government regularly faced annual budget shortfalls and tried to diversify the Yemeni economy through a reform program designed to bolster non-oil sectors of the economy and foreign investment. In July 2014, the government continued reform efforts by eliminating some fuel subsidies and in August 2014, the IMF approved a three-year, $570 million Extended Credit Facility for Yemen. ++ However, the conflict that began in 2014 stalled these reform efforts and ongoing fighting continues to accelerate the country's economic decline. In September 2016, President HADI announced the move of the main branch of Central Bank of Yemen from Sanaa to Aden where his government could exert greater control over the central bank's dwindling resources. Regardless of which group controls the main branch, the central bank system is struggling to function. Yemen's Central Bank's foreign reserves, which stood at roughly $5.2 billion prior to the conflict, have declined to negligible amounts. The Central Bank can no longer fully support imports of critical goods or the country's exchange rate. The country also is facing a growing liquidity crisis and rising inflation. The private sector is hemorrhaging, with almost all businesses making substantial layoffs. Access to food and other critical commodities such as medical equipment is limited across the country due to security issues on the ground. The Social Welfare Fund, a cash transfer program for Yemen's neediest, is no longer operational and has not made any disbursements since late 2014. ++ Yemen will require significant international assistance during and after the protracted conflict to stabilize its economy. Long-term challenges include a high population growth rate, high unemployment, declining water resources, and severe food scarcity." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$73.63 billion (2017 est.) / $78.28 billion (2016 est.) / $90.63 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 98 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$31.27 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "-5.9% (2017 est.) / -13.6% (2016 est.) / -16.7% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 219 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "24.7% (2017 est.) / -12.6% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 220 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$73.63 billion (2017 est.) / $78.28 billion (2016 est.) / $90.63 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$54.356 billion (2018 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$2,500 (2017 est.) / $2,700 (2016 est.) / $3,200 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 184 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "-1.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / -3.7% of GDP (2016 est.) / -4.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 182 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "20.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "11.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "67.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "116.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -584,16 +598,8 @@ "text": "-43.9% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "20.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "11.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "67.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "0.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grain, fruits, vegetables, pulses, qat, coffee, cotton; dairy products, livestock (sheep, goats, cattle, camels), poultry; fish" @@ -614,7 +620,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "27% (2014 est.) / 35% (2003 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 198 + "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "54% (2014 est.)" @@ -650,10 +656,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "24.7% (2017 est.) / -12.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 218 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$1.236 billion (2017 est.) / -$1.868 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 153 @@ -670,7 +672,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$4.079 billion (2017 est.) / $3.117 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 139 + "country comparison to the world": 145 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "food and live animals, machinery and equipment, chemicals" @@ -715,11 +717,11 @@ }, "Electricity - exports": { "text": "0 kWh (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 219 + "country comparison to the world": 218 }, "Electricity - imports": { "text": "0 kWh (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 219 + "country comparison to the world": 218 }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "1.819 million kW (2016 est.)", @@ -727,15 +729,15 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "79% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 89 + "country comparison to the world": 88 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Electricity - from other renewable sources": { "text": "21% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -751,7 +753,7 @@ }, "Crude oil - imports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 217 + "country comparison to the world": 216 }, "Crude oil - proved reserves": { "text": "3 billion bbl (1 January 2018 est.)", @@ -783,11 +785,11 @@ }, "Natural gas - exports": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Natural gas - imports": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Natural gas - proved reserves": { "text": "478.5 billion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)", @@ -977,7 +979,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "14,638 (Ethiopia) (2019); 220,753 (Somalia) (2020)" + "text": "14,638 (Ethiopia) (2019); 174,367 (Somalia) (2020)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "3,635,000 (conflict in Sa'ada Governorate; clashes between al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula and government forces) (2019)" diff --git a/north-america/bd.json b/north-america/bd.json index 410f21d8..46e7fda0 100644 --- a/north-america/bd.json +++ b/north-america/bd.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 232 + "country comparison to the world": 231 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about one-third the size of Washington, DC" @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "71,750 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "African descent 53.8%, white 31%, mixed 7.5%, other 7.1%, unspecified 0.6% (2010 est.)" + "text": "African descent 53.8%, White 31%, mixed 7.5%, other 7.1%, unspecified 0.6% (2010 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "English (official), Portuguese" @@ -143,11 +143,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.39% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 161 + "country comparison to the world": 160 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "11.2 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 175 + "country comparison to the world": 174 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "1.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 53 + "country comparison to the world": 52 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "relatively even population distribution throughout" @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ "female": { "text": "2.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 221 + "country comparison to the world": 220 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.91 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 128 + "country comparison to the world": 127 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "1.5% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 171 + "country comparison to the world": 165 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor John RANKIN (since 5 December 2016)" + "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Rena LALGIE (since 14 December 2020)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Premier David BURT (since 19 July 2017)" @@ -434,23 +434,48 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "International business, which consists primarily of insurance and other financial services, is the real bedrock of Bermuda's economy, consistently accounting for about 85% of the island's GDP. Tourism is the country's second largest industry, accounting for about 5% of Bermuda's GDP but a much larger share of employment. Over 80% of visitors come from the US and the sector struggled in the wake of the global recession of 2008-09. Even the financial sector has lost roughly 5,000 high-paying expatriate jobs since 2008, weighing heavily on household consumption and retail sales. Bermuda must import almost everything. Agriculture and industry are limited due to the small size of the island. ++ Bermuda's economy returned to negative growth in 2016, reporting a contraction of 0.1% GDP, after growing by 0.6% in 2015. Unemployment reached 7% in 2016 and 2017, public debt is growing and exceeds $2.4 billion, and the government continues to work on attracting foreign investment. Still, Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$6.127 billion (2016 est.) / $6.133 billion (2015 est.) / $6.097 billion (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 172 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "-0.1% (2016 est.) / 0.6% (2015 est.) / -0.3% (2014 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 195 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.9% (2017 est.) / 1.4% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 106 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "N/A (2015)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A2 (2016)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "A+ (2015)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$6.127 billion (2016 est.) / $6.133 billion (2015 est.) / $6.097 billion (2014 est.)" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$6.127 billion (2016 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-0.1% (2016 est.) / 0.6% (2015 est.) / -0.3% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 195 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$99,400 (2016 est.) / $95,500 (2015 est.) / $87,500 (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 6 + "country comparison to the world": 5 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "5.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "93.8% (2017 est.)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -472,16 +497,7 @@ "text": "-30.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "5.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "93.8% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products, honey" @@ -495,7 +511,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "33,480 (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -510,7 +526,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "7% (2017 est.) / 7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 112 + "country comparison to the world": 113 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "11% (2008 est.)" @@ -546,17 +562,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.) / 1.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 96 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$818.6 million (2017 est.) / $763 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 52 }, "Exports": { "text": "$19 million (2017 est.) / $19 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Jamaica 49.1%, Luxembourg 36.1%, US 4.9% (2017)" @@ -579,7 +591,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 149 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Bermudian dollars (BMD) per US dollar - / 1 (2017 est.) / 1 (2016 est.) / 1 (2015 est.) / 1 (2014 est.) / 1 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Bermudian dollars (BMD) per US dollar - / 1 (2020 est.) / 1 (2019 est.) / 1 (2018 est.) / 1 (2014 est.) / 1 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -735,7 +747,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "1 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/north-america/ca.json b/north-america/ca.json index 97a54802..0ede5fd7 100644 --- a/north-america/ca.json +++ b/north-america/ca.json @@ -182,11 +182,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.81% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 127 + "country comparison to the world": 126 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "10.2 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 190 + "country comparison to the world": 189 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ "female": { "text": "4.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 183 + "country comparison to the world": 182 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.57 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 191 + "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.3% of GDP (2011)", - "country comparison to the world": 46 + "country comparison to the world": 44 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -507,30 +507,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Canada resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and high living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. Canada has a large oil and natural gas sector with the majority of crude oil production derived from oil sands in the western provinces, especially Alberta. Canada now ranks third in the world in proved oil reserves behind Venezuela and Saudi Arabia and is the world's seventh-largest oil producer. ++ TThe 1989 Canada-US Free Trade Agreement and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (which includes Mexico) dramatically increased trade and economic integration between the US and Canada. Canada and the US enjoy the world's most comprehensive bilateral trade and investment relationship, with goods and services trade totaling more than $680 billion in 2017, and two-way investment stocks of more than $800 billion. Over three-fourths of Canada's merchandise exports are destined for the US each year. Canada is the largest foreign supplier of energy to the US, including oil, natural gas, and electric power, and a top source of US uranium imports. ++ Given its abundant natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital stock, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. The global economic crisis of 2007-08 moved the Canadian economy into sharp recession by late 2008, and Ottawa posted its first fiscal deficit in 2009 after 12 years of surplus. Canada's major banks emerged from the financial crisis of 2008-09 among the strongest in the world, owing to the financial sector's tradition of conservative lending practices and strong capitalization. Canada's economy posted strong growth in 2017 at 3%, but most analysts are projecting Canada's economic growth will drop back closer to 2% in 2018." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.774 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.721 trillion (2016 est.) / $1.697 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 17 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.653 trillion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.66% (2019 est.) / 2.02% (2018 est.) / 3.17% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 149 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.9% (2019 est.) / 2.2% (2018 est.) / 1.5% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 107 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AA+ (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aaa (2002)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AAA (2002)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$1,647,310,000,000 (2019 est.) / $1,617,207,000,000 (2018 est.) / $1,578,848,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1,741,865,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$48,400 (2017 est.) / $47,500 (2016 est.) / $47,400 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 34 + "text": "$52,205 (2019 est.) / $51,716 (2018 est.) / $50,960 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 27 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "20.8% of GDP (2017 est.) / 20% of GDP (2016 est.) / 20.5% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 90 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "28.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "70.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "57.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -551,16 +576,8 @@ "text": "-33.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "28.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "70.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "79.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; fish; forest products" @@ -595,7 +612,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5.67% (2019 est.) / 5.83% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 91 + "country comparison to the world": 92 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "9.4% (2008 est.)", @@ -633,16 +650,12 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.6% (2017 est.) / 1.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 87 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$35.425 billion (2019 est.) / -$42.862 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$423.5 billion (2017 est.) / $393.5 billion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$618.762 billion (2019 est.) / $610.926 billion (2018 est.) / $589.222 billion (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 11 }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -652,8 +665,8 @@ "text": "motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$442.1 billion (2017 est.) / $413.4 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 12 + "text": "$629.402 billion (2019 est.) / $627.162 billion (2018 est.) / $606.814 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 9 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods" @@ -670,7 +683,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 13 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Canadian dollars (CAD) per US dollar - / 1.308 (2017 est.) / 1.3256 (2016 est.) / 1.3256 (2015 est.) / 1.2788 (2014 est.) / 1.0298 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Canadian dollars (CAD) per US dollar - / 1.28035 (2020 est.) / 1.3228 (2019 est.) / 1.32925 (2018 est.) / 1.2788 (2014 est.) / 1.0298 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -701,7 +714,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "23% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 191 + "country comparison to the world": 190 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "9% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/north-america/gl.json b/north-america/gl.json index 9365a7c9..0af7513f 100644 --- a/north-america/gl.json +++ b/north-america/gl.json @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "57,616 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 205 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Greenlandic 89.7%, Danish 7.8%, other Nordic 1.1%, and other 1.4% (2018 est.)", + "text": "Greenlandic 89.5%, Danish 7.5%, other Nordic peoples 1.1%, and other 1.9% (2020 est.)", "note": "note: data represent population by country of birth" }, "Languages": { @@ -147,11 +147,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.08% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "14.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 133 + "country comparison to the world": 132 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "settlement concentrated on the southwest shoreline, with limited settlements scattered along the remaining coast; interior is uninhabited" @@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ "female": { "text": "7.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 148 + "country comparison to the world": 147 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.94 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 123 + "country comparison to the world": 122 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -404,24 +404,38 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Greenland's economy depends on exports of shrimp and fish, and on a substantial subsidy from the Danish Government. Fish account for over 90% of its exports, subjecting the economy to price fluctuations. The subsidy from the Danish Government is budgeted to be about $535 million in 2017, more than 50% of government revenues, and 25% of GDP. ++ The economy is expanding after a period of decline. The economy contracted between 2012 and 2014, grew by 1.7% in 2015 and by 7.7%in 2016. The expansion has been driven by larger quotas for shrimp, the predominant Greenlandic export, and also by increased activity in the construction sector, especially in Nuuk, the capital. Private consumption and tourism also are contributing to GDP growth more than in previous years. Tourism in Greenland grew annually around 20% in 2015 and 2016, largely a result of increasing numbers of cruise lines now operating in Greenland's western and southern waters during the peak summer tourism season. ++ The public sector, including publicly owned enterprises and the municipalities, plays a dominant role in Greenland's economy. During the last decade the Greenland Self Rule Government pursued conservative fiscal and monetary policies, but public pressure has increased for better schools, health care, and retirement systems. The budget was in deficit in 2014 and 2016, but public debt remains low at about 5% of GDP. The government plans a balanced budget for the 2017–20 period. ++ Significant challenges face the island, including low levels of qualified labor, geographic dispersion, lack of industry diversification, the long-term sustainability of the public budget, and a declining population due to emigration. Hydrocarbon exploration has ceased with declining oil prices. The island has potential for natural resource exploitation with rare-earth, uranium, and iron ore mineral projects proposed, but a lack of infrastructure hinders development." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "7.7% (2016 est.) / 1.7% (2015 est.) / -0.8% (2014 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 10 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.3% (January 2017 est.) / 1.2% (January 2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 32 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$2.413 billion (2015 est.) / $2.24 billion (2014 est.) / $2.203 billion (2013 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 193 + "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$2.221 billion (2015 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "7.7% (2016 est.) / 1.7% (2015 est.) / -0.8% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 11 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$41,800 (2015 est.) / $38,800 (2014 est.) / $38,500 (2013 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 44 + "country comparison to the world": 39 + }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "15.9% (2015 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "10.1% (2015 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "73.9% (2015)" + } }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { @@ -443,16 +457,7 @@ "text": "-28.6% (2015 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "15.9% (2015 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "10.1% (2015 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "73.9% (2015)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "sheep, cattle, reindeer, fish, shellfish" @@ -465,7 +470,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "26,840 (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -480,7 +485,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "9.1% (2015 est.) / 10.3% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 139 + "country comparison to the world": 140 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "16.2% (2015 est.)" @@ -516,10 +521,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.3% (January 2017 est.) / 1.2% (January 2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 19 - }, "Exports": { "text": "$407.1 million (2015 est.) / $599.7 million (2014 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 182 @@ -532,7 +533,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$783.5 million (2015 est.) / $866.1 million (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 191 + "country comparison to the world": 192 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, petroleum products" @@ -576,7 +577,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "51% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 149 + "country comparison to the world": 148 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/north-america/ip.json b/north-america/ip.json index 7a453921..a4c1baac 100644 --- a/north-america/ip.json +++ b/north-america/ip.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 248 + "country comparison to the world": 247 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about 12 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" @@ -121,8 +121,10 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Although 115 species of fish have been identified in the territorial waters of Clipperton Island, tuna fishing is the only economically viable species." + }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { } }, "Transportation": { diff --git a/north-america/mx.json b/north-america/mx.json index 03152337..3d6eb82e 100644 --- a/north-america/mx.json +++ b/north-america/mx.json @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 62%, predominantly Amerindian 21%, Amerindian 7%, other 10% (mostly European) (2012 est.)", + "text": "Mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 62%, predominantly Amerindian 21%, Amerindian 7%, other 10% (mostly European) (2012 est.)", "note": "note: Mexico does not collect census data on ethnicity" }, "Languages": { @@ -182,19 +182,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.04% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 102 + "country comparison to the world": 101 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "17.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 95 + "country comparison to the world": 94 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 186 + "country comparison to the world": 185 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 166 + "country comparison to the world": 165 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population is found in the middle of the country between the states of Jalisco and Veracruz; approximately a quarter of the population lives in and around Mexico City" @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ "female": { "text": "9.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 127 + "country comparison to the world": 126 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.19 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 94 + "country comparison to the world": 93 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "73.1% (2018)" @@ -329,8 +329,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 87 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.9% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 66 + "text": "4.5% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 78 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -552,30 +552,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Mexico's $2.4 trillion economy – 11th largest in the world - has become increasingly oriented toward manufacturing since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) entered into force in 1994. Per capita income is roughly one-third that of the US; income distribution remains highly unequal. ++ Mexico has become the US' second-largest export market and third-largest source of imports. In 2017, two-way trade in goods and services exceeded $623 billion. Mexico has free trade agreements with 46 countries, putting more than 90% of its trade under free trade agreements. In 2012, Mexico formed the Pacific Alliance with Peru, Colombia, and Chile. ++ Mexico's current government, led by President Enrique PENA NIETO, has emphasized economic reforms, passing and implementing sweeping energy, financial, fiscal, and telecommunications reform legislation, among others, with the long-term aim to improve competitiveness and economic growth across the Mexican economy. Since 2015, Mexico has held public auctions of oil and gas exploration and development rights and for long-term electric power generation contracts. Mexico has also issued permits for private sector import, distribution, and retail sales of refined petroleum products in an effort to attract private investment into the energy sector and boost production. ++ Since 2013, Mexico's economic growth has averaged 2% annually, falling short of private-sector expectations that President PENA NIETO's sweeping reforms would bolster economic prospects. Growth is predicted to remain below potential given falling oil production, weak oil prices, structural issues such as low productivity, high inequality, a large informal sector employing over half of the workforce, weak rule of law, and corruption. Mexico's economy remains vulnerable to uncertainty surrounding the future of NAFTA — because the United States is its top trading partner and the two countries share integrated supply chains — and to potential shifts in domestic policies following the inauguration of a new a president in December 2018." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$2.463 trillion (2017 est.) / $2.413 trillion (2016 est.) / $2.346 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 11 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$1.151 trillion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "-0.3% (2019 est.) / 2.19% (2018 est.) / 2.34% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 197 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "3.6% (2019 est.) / 4.9% (2018 est.) / 6% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 156 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB- (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Baa1 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$2,156,946,000,000 (2019 est.) / $2,157,978,000,000 (2018 est.) / $2,112,031,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1,269,956,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$19,900 (2017 est.) / $19,700 (2016 est.) / $19,400 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 90 + "text": "$10,275 (2019 est.) / $10,393 (2018 est.) / $10,287 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 115 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "21.4% of GDP (2017 est.) / 21.6% of GDP (2016 est.) / 20.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 85 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "3.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "31.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "64.5% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "67% (2017 est.)" @@ -596,16 +621,8 @@ "text": "-39.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "3.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "31.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "64.5% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "86.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans, cotton, coffee, fruit, tomatoes; beef, poultry, dairy products; wood products" @@ -635,7 +652,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.49% (2019 est.) / 3.33% (2018 est.)", "note": "note: underemployment may be as high as 25%", - "country comparison to the world": 48 + "country comparison to the world": 49 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "46.2% (2014 est.)", @@ -672,17 +689,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "6% (2017 est.) / 2.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 186 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$4.351 billion (2019 est.) / -$25.415 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 181 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$409.8 billion (2017 est.) / $374.3 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 12 + "text": "$491.593 billion (2019 est.) / $484.595 billion (2018 est.) / $457.693 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 17 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 79.9% (2017)" @@ -691,8 +704,8 @@ "text": "manufactured goods, electronics, vehicles and auto parts, oil and oil products, silver, plastics, fruits, vegetables, coffee, cotton; Mexico is the world's leading producer of silver" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$420.8 billion (2017 est.) / $387.4 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 14 + "text": "$480.886 billion (2019 est.) / $485.211 billion (2018 est.) / $458.381 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 16 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "metalworking machines, steel mill products, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, automobile parts for assembly and repair, aircraft, aircraft parts, plastics, natural gas and oil products" @@ -710,7 +723,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 28 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Mexican pesos (MXN) per US dollar - / 18.26 (2017 est.) / 18.664 (2016 est.) / 18.664 (2015 est.) / 15.848 (2014 est.) / 13.292 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Mexican pesos (MXN) per US dollar - / 19.8 (2020 est.) / 19.22824 (2019 est.) / 20.21674 (2018 est.) / 15.848 (2014 est.) / 13.292 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -741,7 +754,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "71% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 106 + "country comparison to the world": 105 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "2% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/north-america/sb.json b/north-america/sb.json index cfce96d5..4b2be05f 100644 --- a/north-america/sb.json +++ b/north-america/sb.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "one and half times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "5,347 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 228 + "country comparison to the world": 227 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -144,11 +144,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-1.15% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 233 + "country comparison to the world": 232 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "6.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 228 + "country comparison to the world": 227 }, "Death rate": { "text": "10.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-7.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 212 + "country comparison to the world": 211 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population is found on Saint Pierre Island; a small settlement is located on the north end of Miquelon Island" @@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ "female": { "text": "5.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 165 + "country comparison to the world": 164 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.58 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 190 + "country comparison to the world": 189 }, "Drinking water source": { "improved": { @@ -369,23 +369,26 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. The services sector accounted for 86% of GDP in 2010, the last year data is available for. Government employment accounts for than 46% of the GDP, and 78% of the population is working age. ++ The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Fish farming, crab fishing, and agriculture are being developed to diversify the local economy. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector. Trade is the second largest sector in terms of value added created, where it contributes significantly to economic activity. The extractive industries and energy sector is the third largest sector of activity in the archipelago, attributable in part to the construction of a new thermal power plant in 2015." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "note": "NA" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.5% (2015) / 4.5% (2010)", + "country comparison to the world": 91 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$261.3 million (2015 est.) / $215.3 million (2006 est.)", - "note": "note: supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million", - "country comparison to the world": 218 + "note": "note: supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$261.3 million (2015 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "note": "NA" - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$46,200 (2006 est.) / $34,900 (2005)", - "country comparison to the world": 36 + "country comparison to the world": 34 }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -398,6 +401,8 @@ "text": "83% (2006 est.)" } }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish" }, @@ -409,7 +414,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "4,429 (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 224 + "country comparison to the world": 223 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -424,7 +429,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "8.7% (2015 est.) / 9.9% (2008 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 132 + "country comparison to the world": 133 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "NA" @@ -456,10 +461,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.5% (2015) / 4.5% (2010)", - "country comparison to the world": 85 - }, "Exports": { "text": "$6.641 million (2010 est.) / $5.5 million (2005 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 217 @@ -500,11 +501,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "27,600 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "96% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 42 + "country comparison to the world": 41 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -540,7 +541,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "660 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -548,7 +549,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "650 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 204 + "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -572,7 +573,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "100,200 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 206 + "country comparison to the world": 205 } }, "Communications": { @@ -616,7 +617,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "2 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 205 + "country comparison to the world": 204 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/north-america/us.json b/north-america/us.json index 436fe3ab..c5139b45 100644 --- a/north-america/us.json +++ b/north-america/us.json @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "white 72.4%, black 12.6%, Asian 4.8%, Amerindian and Alaska native 0.9%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.2%, other 6.2%, two or more races 2.9% (2010 est.)", + "text": "White 72.4%, Black 12.6%, Asian 4.8%, Amerindian and Alaska native 0.9%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.2%, other 6.2%, two or more races 2.9% (2010 est.)", "note": "note: a separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the US Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean persons of Spanish/Hispanic/Latino origin including those of Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican Republic, Spanish, and Central or South American origin living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic group (white, black, Asian, etc.); an estimated 16.3% of the total US population is Hispanic as of 2010" }, "Languages": { @@ -184,11 +184,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.72% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 137 + "country comparison to the world": 136 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "12.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 157 + "country comparison to the world": 156 }, "Death rate": { "text": "8.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 37 + "country comparison to the world": 36 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "large urban clusters are spread throughout the eastern half of the US (particularly the Great Lakes area, northeast, east, and southeast) and the western tier states; mountainous areas, principally the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian chain, deserts in the southwest, the dense boreal forests in the extreme north, and the central prarie states are less densely populated; Alaska's population is concentrated along its southern coast - with particular emphasis on the city of Anchorage - and Hawaii's is centered on the island of Oahu" @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ "female": { "text": "4.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 174 + "country comparison to the world": 173 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.84 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 142 + "country comparison to the world": 141 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "75.9% (2015/17)" @@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5% of GDP (2014)", - "country comparison to the world": 64 + "country comparison to the world": 61 }, "School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)": { "total": { @@ -482,30 +482,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The US has the most technologically powerful economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $59,500. US firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers, pharmaceuticals, and medical, aerospace, and military equipment; however, their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II. Based on a comparison of GDP measured at purchasing power parity conversion rates, the US economy in 2014, having stood as the largest in the world for more than a century, slipped into second place behind China, which has more than tripled the US growth rate for each year of the past four decades. ++ In the US, private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and services predominantly in the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy greater flexibility than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. At the same time, businesses face higher barriers to enter their rivals' home markets than foreign firms face entering US markets. ++ Long-term problems for the US include stagnation of wages for lower-income families, inadequate investment in deteriorating infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, energy shortages, and sizable current account and budget deficits. ++ The onrush of technology has been a driving factor in the gradual development of a \"two-tier\" labor market in which those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits. But the globalization of trade, and especially the rise of low-wage producers such as China, has put additional downward pressure on wages and upward pressure on the return to capital. Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of households. Since 1996, dividends and capital gains have grown faster than wages or any other category of after-tax income. ++ Imported oil accounts for more than 50% of US consumption and oil has a major impact on the overall health of the economy. Crude oil prices doubled between 2001 and 2006, the year home prices peaked; higher gasoline prices ate into consumers' budgets and many individuals fell behind in their mortgage payments. Oil prices climbed another 50% between 2006 and 2008, and bank foreclosures more than doubled in the same period. Besides dampening the housing market, soaring oil prices caused a drop in the value of the dollar and a deterioration in the US merchandise trade deficit, which peaked at $840 billion in 2008. Because the US economy is energy-intensive, falling oil prices since 2013 have alleviated many of the problems the earlier increases had created. ++ The sub-prime mortgage crisis, falling home prices, investment bank failures, tight credit, and the global economic downturn pushed the US into a recession by mid-2008. GDP contracted until the third quarter of 2009, the deepest and longest downturn since the Great Depression. To help stabilize financial markets, the US Congress established a $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program in October 2008. The government used some of these funds to purchase equity in US banks and industrial corporations, much of which had been returned to the government by early 2011. In January 2009, Congress passed and former President Barack OBAMA signed a bill providing an additional $787 billion fiscal stimulus to be used over 10 years - two-thirds on additional spending and one-third on tax cuts - to create jobs and to help the economy recover. In 2010 and 2011, the federal budget deficit reached nearly 9% of GDP. In 2012, the Federal Government reduced the growth of spending and the deficit shrank to 7.6% of GDP. US revenues from taxes and other sources are lower, as a percentage of GDP, than those of most other countries. ++ Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan required major shifts in national resources from civilian to military purposes and contributed to the growth of the budget deficit and public debt. Through FY 2018, the direct costs of the wars will have totaled more than $1.9 trillion, according to US Government figures. ++ In March 2010, former President OBAMA signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), a health insurance reform that was designed to extend coverage to an additional 32 million Americans by 2016, through private health insurance for the general population and Medicaid for the impoverished. Total spending on healthcare - public plus private - rose from 9.0% of GDP in 1980 to 17.9% in 2010. ++ In July 2010, the former president signed the DODD-FRANK Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, a law designed to promote financial stability by protecting consumers from financial abuses, ending taxpayer bailouts of financial firms, dealing with troubled banks that are \"too big to fail,\" and improving accountability and transparency in the financial system - in particular, by requiring certain financial derivatives to be traded in markets that are subject to government regulation and oversight. ++ The Federal Reserve Board (Fed) announced plans in December 2012 to purchase $85 billion per month of mortgage-backed and Treasury securities in an effort to hold down long-term interest rates, and to keep short-term rates near zero until unemployment dropped below 6.5% or inflation rose above 2.5%. The Fed ended its purchases during the summer of 2014, after the unemployment rate dropped to 6.2%, inflation stood at 1.7%, and public debt fell below 74% of GDP. In December 2015, the Fed raised its target for the benchmark federal funds rate by 0.25%, the first increase since the recession began. With continued low growth, the Fed opted to raise rates several times since then, and in December 2017, the target rate stood at 1.5%. ++ In December 2017, Congress passed and President Donald TRUMP signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which, among its various provisions, reduces the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%; lowers the individual tax rate for those with the highest incomes from 39.6% to 37%, and by lesser percentages for those at lower income levels; changes many deductions and credits used to calculate taxable income; and eliminates in 2019 the penalty imposed on taxpayers who do not obtain the minimum amount of health insurance required under the ACA. The new taxes took effect on 1 January 2018; the tax cut for corporations are permanent, but those for individuals are scheduled to expire after 2025. The Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) under the Congressional Budget Office estimates that the new law will reduce tax revenues and increase the federal deficit by about $1.45 trillion over the 2018-2027 period. This amount would decline if economic growth were to exceed the JCT's estimate." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$19.49 trillion (2017 est.) / $19.06 trillion (2016 est.) / $18.77 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 2 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$19.49 trillion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.16% (2019 est.) / 3% (2018 est.) / 2.33% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 130 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.8% (2019 est.) / 2.4% (2018 est.) / 2.1% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 104 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "AAA (1994)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Aaa (1949)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "AA+ (2011)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$18,349,107,000,000 (2019 est.) / $17,960,939,000,000 (2018 est.) / $17,438,404,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$21,433,228,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$59,800 (2017 est.) / $58,900 (2016 est.) / $58,400 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 19 + "text": "$55,761 (2019 est.) / $54,910 (2018 est.) / $53,643 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 23 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "18.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 18.6% of GDP (2016 est.) / 20.1% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 106 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "19.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "80% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "68.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -526,16 +551,8 @@ "text": "-15% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "0.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "19.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "80% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "92.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish; forest products" @@ -587,7 +604,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.89% (2018 est.) / 4.4% (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 57 + "country comparison to the world": 58 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "15.1% (2010 est.)" @@ -626,16 +643,12 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 October - 30 September" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.1% (2017 est.) / 1.3% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 110 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$480.225 billion (2019 est.) / -$449.694 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$1.553 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.456 trillion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$2,377,156,000,000 (2019 est.) / $2,379,936,000,000 (2018 est.) / $2,310,851,000,000 (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 2 }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -645,7 +658,7 @@ "text": "agricultural products (soybeans, fruit, corn) 9.2%, industrial supplies (organic chemicals) 26.8%, capital goods (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment) 49.0%, consumer goods (automobiles, medicines) 15.0% (2008 est.)" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$2.361 trillion (2017 est.) / $2.208 trillion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$3,214,184,000,000 (2019 est.) / $3,179,875,000,000 (2018 est.) / $3,054,759,000,000 (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 1 }, "Imports - commodities": { @@ -695,7 +708,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "70% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 111 + "country comparison to the world": 110 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "9% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -962,7 +975,7 @@ "text": "the US military's inventory is comprised almost entirely of domestically-produced weapons systems (some assembled with foreign components) along with a smaller mix of imported equipment from a variety of Western countries; since 2010, Germany and the UK are the leading suppliers, followed by Australia, Canada, France, the Netherlands, and Norway; the US defense industry is capable of designing, developing, maintaining, and producing the full spectrum of weapons systems (2019 est.)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "4,500 Afghanistan (NATO; note - the US has pledged to further reduce the number of troops in Afghanistan); 5,000 Africa; 300 Australia; 1,150 Belgium; 150 Bulgaria; 250 Diego Garcia; 150 Canada; 800 Cuba; 290 Egypt (MFO); 35,000 Germany (note - in July 2020, the US pledged to reduce the number of troops in Germany by about 12,000); 400 Greece; 150 Greenland; 5,600 Guam; 380 Honduras; 12,300 Italy; 55,200 Japan; 660 Kosovo (KFOR); approximately 10-15,000 assigned with an additional estimated 20-30,000 deployed Middle East (Bahrain/Iraq/Israel/Jordan/Kuwait/Oman/Qatar/Saudi Arabia/Syria/United Arab Emirates); 400 Netherlands; 670 Norway; 200 Philippines; 4,500 Poland; 250 Portugal; 26,500 Republic of Korea; 1,100 Romania; 200 Singapore; 3,200 Spain; 100 Thailand; 1,700 Turkey; 9,400 United Kingdom (2020)", + "text": "4,500 Afghanistan (NATO; note - the US has pledged to further reduce the number of troops in Afghanistan by the end of 2020); 5,000 Africa (mostly in Djibouti with approximately 700 in Somalia and about 700 in West Africa); 1,000 Australia; 1,150 Belgium; 150 Bulgaria; 250 Diego Garcia; 150 Canada; 750 Cuba; 270 Egypt (MFO); 34,000 Germany (note - in July 2020, the US pledged to reduce the number of troops in Germany by about 12,000); 400 Greece; 150 Greenland; 6,000 Guam; 380 Honduras; 12,000 Italy; 54,000 Japan; 660 Kosovo (KFOR); approximately 10-15,000 assigned with an additional estimated 20-30,000 deployed in the Middle East (Bahrain/Iraq/Israel/Jordan/Kuwait/Oman/Qatar/Saudi Arabia/Syria/United Arab Emirates); 400 Netherlands; 700 Norway; 200 Philippines; 4,500 Poland; 250 Portugal; 26,500 Republic of Korea; 1,100 Romania; 200 Singapore; 3,200 Spain; 100 Thailand; 1,700 Turkey; 9,300 United Kingdom (2020)", "note": "US military rotational policies affect deployed numbers; for example, the US deploys ground and air units to select countries for 6-12 month rotational assignments on a continuous basis; in South Korea, for example, the US continuously rotates combat brigades (3,000-4,000 personnel) for 9 months at a time; contingencies also affect US troop deployments; for example, since May 2019, the US has deployed more than 15,000 additional military personnel to the Middle East for an undetermined period of time; in addition, some overseas US naval bases, such as the headquarters of US Naval Forces Central Command (USNAVCENT) in Manama, Bahrain, are frequented by the crews of US ships on 6-9 month deployments; a US carrier strike group with an air wing and supporting ships typically includes over 6,000 personnel (2020)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { diff --git a/oceans/oo.json b/oceans/oo.json index 761aa1eb..1970d245 100644 --- a/oceans/oo.json +++ b/oceans/oo.json @@ -67,9 +67,11 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Fisheries in 2013-14 landed 302,960 metric tons, of which 96% (291,370 tons-the highest reported catch since 1991) was krill and 4% (11,590 tons) Patagonian toothfish (also known as Chilean sea bass), compared to 15,330 tons in 2012-13 (estimated fishing from the area covered by the Convention of the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, which extends slightly beyond the Southern Ocean area). International agreements were adopted in late 1999 to reduce illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, which in the 2000-01 season landed, by one estimate, 8,376 metric tons of Patagonian and Antarctic toothfish. In the 2014-15 Antarctic summer, 36,702 tourists visited the Southern Ocean, slightly lower than the 37,405 visitors in 2013-14 (estimates provided to the Antarctic Treaty by the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators, and does not include passengers on overflights and those flying directly in and out of Antarctica)." }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Marine fisheries": { "text": "the Southern Ocean fishery is relatively small with a total catch of 257,278 mt in 2017; the Food and Agriculture Organization has delineated three regions in the Southern Ocean (Regions 48, 58, 88) that generally encompass the waters south of 40° to 60° South latitude; the most important producers in these regions include Norway (156,884 mt), China (38,112 mt), and South Korea (34,506 mt); Antarctic Krill made up 92% of the total catch in 2017, while other important species include Patagonian and Antarctic toothfish" } diff --git a/oceans/xo.json b/oceans/xo.json index 4b13acf2..311e04d1 100644 --- a/oceans/xo.json +++ b/oceans/xo.json @@ -64,9 +64,11 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand." }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Marine fisheries": { "text": "the Indian Ocean fisheries are the third most important in the world accounting for 15%, or 12,311,688 mt of the global catch in 2017; tuna, small pelagic fish, and shrimp are important species in these regions; the Food and Agriculture Organization delineated two fishing regions in the Indian Ocean: Eastern Indian Ocean region (Region 57) is the most important region and the fifth largest producing region in the world with more than 8%, or 6,966,875 mt, of the global catch in 2017; the region encompasses the waters north of 55º South latitude and east of 80º East longitude including the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea with the major producers including Indonesia (1,940,190 mt), India (1,431,700 mt), Burma (1,263,080 mt), Bangladesh (637,476 mt), and Sri Lanka (422,842 mt); the principal catches include shad, Skipjack tuna, mackerel, shrimp, and sardinellas Western Indian Ocean region (Region 51) is the world's sixth largest producing region with more than 6% or 5,344,813 mt of the global catch in 2017; this region encompasses the waters north of 40º South latitude and west of 80º East longitude including the western Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea as well as the waters along the east coast of Africa and Madagascar, the south coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and the west coast of India with major producers including India (2,402,878 mt), Pakistan (382,768 mt), Oman (347,539 mt), and Mozambique (232,299 mt); the principal catches include Skipjack and Yellowfin tuna, mackerel, sardines, shrimp, and cephalopods" } diff --git a/oceans/xq.json b/oceans/xq.json index daa28cbb..c9c422ee 100644 --- a/oceans/xq.json +++ b/oceans/xq.json @@ -66,9 +66,11 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals." }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Marine fisheries": { "text": "the Arctic fishery region (Region 18) is the smallest in the world with a catch of only 418 mt in 2017, although the Food and Agriculture Organization assesses that some Arctic catches are reported in adjacent regions; Russia and Canada were historically the major producers; in 2017, the five littoral states including Canada, Denmark (Greenland), Norway, Russia, and the US agreed to a 16 year ban on fishing in the Central Arctic Ocean to allow for time to study the ecological system of these waters" } diff --git a/oceans/zh.json b/oceans/zh.json index f8b6701f..c638bce1 100644 --- a/oceans/zh.json +++ b/oceans/zh.json @@ -64,9 +64,11 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The Atlantic Ocean provides some of the world's most heavily trafficked sea routes, between and within the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Other economic activity includes the exploitation of natural resources, e.g., fishing, dredging of aragonite sands (The Bahamas), and production of crude oil and natural gas (Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and North Sea)." }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Marine fisheries": { "text": "the Atlantic Ocean fisheries are the second most important in the world accounting for 28%, or 22,434,652 mt, of the global catch in 2017; of the seven regions delineated by the Food and Agriculture Organization in the Atlantic basin, the most important include the following: Northeast Atlantic region (Region 27) is the third most important in the world producing more than 11% of the global catch or 9,309,821 mt in 2017; the region encompasses the waters north of 36º North latitude and east of 40º West longitude with the major producers including Norway (2,208,175 mt), Iceland (1,163,166 mt), Russia (1,105,548 mt), UK (717,545 mt), and Denmark (901,939 mt); the region includes the historically important fishing grounds of the North Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the Atlantic waters between Greenland, Iceland, and the British Isles; the principal catches include Atlantic cod, haddock, saithe (pollock), Blue Whiting, herring, and mackerel; not all fish caught are for human consumption, half of fish catches in the North Sea are processed as fish oil or fish meal, which are used in animal fodder ++ Eastern Central Atlantic region (Region 34) is the second most important Atlantic fishery, and seventh largest in the world producing more than 6% of the global catch or 5,085,264 mt in 2017; the region encompasses the waters between 36º North and 6º South latitude and east of 40º West longitude off the west coast of Africa with the major producers including Morocco (1,336,787 mt), Mauritania (779,580 mt), Nigeria (496,206 mt), Senegal (464,199 mt), Ghana (291,904 mt), Cameroon (205,190 mt), and Sierra Leone (200,000 mt); the principal catches include pilchard, sardinellas, shad, and mackerel ++ Northwest Atlantic region (Region 21) is the third most important Atlantic fishery and ninth in the world producing a little more than 2% of the global catch and 1,755,861 mt in 2017; it encompasses the waters north of 35º North latitude and west of 42º West longitude including the important fishing grounds over the continental shelf of North America such as the Grand Banks, the Georges Bank, and the Flemish Cap, as well as Baffin Bay with the major producers including the US (889,668 mt), Canada (624,747 mt), and Greenland (169,830 mt); the principal catches include sea scallops, prawns, lobster, herring, and menhaden ++ Mediterranean and Black Sea region (Region 37) is a minor fishing region representing 1.6% or 1,348,299 mt of the world's total capture in 2017; the region encompasses all waters east of the Strait of Gibraltar with the major producers including Turkey (322,175 mt), Italy (185,067 mt), Tunisia (109,636 mt), Russia (90,883 mt), and Spain (86,342 mt); the principal catches include European anchovy, European pilchard, Gobies, and clams" } diff --git a/oceans/zn.json b/oceans/zn.json index 5905d5b7..fb197c83 100644 --- a/oceans/zn.json +++ b/oceans/zn.json @@ -64,9 +64,11 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The Pacific Ocean is a major contributor to the world economy and particularly to those nations its waters directly touch. It provides low-cost sea transportation between East and West, extensive fishing grounds, offshore oil and gas fields, minerals, and sand and gravel for the construction industry. In 1996, over 60% of the world's fish catch came from the Pacific Ocean. Exploitation of offshore oil and gas reserves is playing an ever-increasing role in the energy supplies of the US, Australia, NZ, China, and Peru. The high cost of recovering offshore oil and gas, combined with the wide swings in world prices for oil since 1985, has led to fluctuations in new drillings." }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Marine fisheries": { "text": "the Pacific Ocean fisheries are the most important in the world accounting for 56.6%, or 45,580,140 mt, of the global marine capture in 2017; of the six regions delineated by the Food and Agriculture Organization in the Pacific Ocean, the following are the most important: Northwest Pacific region (Region 61) is the world's most important fishery producing 25% of the global catch or 20,234,899 mt in 2017; it encompasses the waters north of 20º north latitude and west of 175º west longitude with the major producers including China (12,589,877 mt), Japan (2,917,663 mt), South Korea (948,670 mt), and Taiwan (341,260 mt); the principal catches include Alaska Pollock, Japanese anchovy, chub mackerel, and scads ++ Western Central Pacific region (Region 71) is the world's second most important fishing region producing 15%, or 12,530,652 mt, of the global catch in 2017; tuna is the most important species in this region; the region includes the waters between 20º North and 25º South latitude and west of 175º West longitude with the major producers including Indonesia (4,281,018 mt), Vietnam (3,118,696 mt), Philippines (1,724,272 mt), Thailand (912,863 mt), and Malaysia (741,561 mt); the principal catches include Skipjack and Yellowfin tuna, sardinellas, and cephalopods ++ Southeast Pacific region (Region 87) is the third major Pacific fishery and fourth largest in the world producing 9%, or 7,223,740 mt, of the global catch in 2017; this region includes the nutrient rich upwelling waters off the west coast of South America between 5º North and 60º South latitude and east of 120º West longitude with the major producers including Peru (4,128,760 mt), Chile (1,918,611 mt), and Ecuador (554,961 mt); the principal catches include Peruvian anchovy (50% of the catch), Jumbo flying squid, and Chilean jack mackerel Pacific Northeast region (Region 67) is the fourth largest Pacific Ocean fishery and eighth largest in the world producing 4% of the global catch or 3,379,432 mt in 2017; this region encompasses the waters north of 40º North latitude and east of 175º West longitude including the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea with the major producers including the US (3,186,515 mt), Canada (180,929 mt), and Russia (11,988 mt); the principal catches include Alaska pollock, Pacific cod, and North Pacific hake" } diff --git a/south-america/ar.json b/south-america/ar.json index 14d8fda1..3650c218 100644 --- a/south-america/ar.json +++ b/south-america/ar.json @@ -183,19 +183,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.86% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 121 + "country comparison to the world": 120 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "16 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 110 + "country comparison to the world": 109 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.4 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 107 + "country comparison to the world": 106 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 100 + "country comparison to the world": 99 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "one-third of the population lives in Buenos Aires; pockets of agglomeration occur throughout the northern and central parts of the country; Patagonia to the south remains sparsely populated" @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ "female": { "text": "8.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 139 + "country comparison to the world": 138 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.21 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 92 + "country comparison to the world": 91 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "81.3% (2013)" @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 51 }, "Major infectious diseases": { - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Argentina; as of 10 November 2020, Argentina has reported a total of 1,228,814 cases of COVID-19 or 27,189 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 733 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Argentina; as of 8 December 2020, Argentina has reported a total of 1,454,631 cases of COVID-19 or 32,185 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 874 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "28.3% (2016)", @@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.5% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 37 + "country comparison to the world": 32 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -435,13 +435,13 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ (since 10 December 2019); Vice President Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER (since 10 December 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" + "text": "President Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ (since 10 December 2019); Vice President Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER (since 10 December 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government (2019)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "President Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ (since 10 December 2019); Vice President Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER (since 10 December 2019)" + "text": "President Alberto Angel FERNANDEZ (since 10 December 2019); Vice President Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER (since 10 December 2019) (2018)" }, "cabinet": { - "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president" + "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president (2017)" }, "elections/appointments": { "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified majority vote (to win, a candidate must receive at least 45% of votes or 40% of votes and a 10-point lead over the second place candidate; if neither occurs, a second round is held ); the president serves a 4-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); election last held on 27 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)" @@ -529,30 +529,56 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Argentina benefits from rich natural resources, a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Although one of the world's wealthiest countries 100 years ago, Argentina suffered during most of the 20th century from recurring economic crises, persistent fiscal and current account deficits, high inflation, mounting external debt, and capital flight. ++ Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER succeeded her husband as president in late 2007, and in 2008 the rapid economic growth of previous years slowed sharply as government policies held back exports and the world economy fell into recession. In 2010 the economy rebounded strongly, but slowed in late 2011 even as the government continued to rely on expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, which kept inflation in the double digits. ++ In order to deal with these problems, the government expanded state intervention in the economy: it nationalized the oil company YPF from Spain's Repsol, expanded measures to restrict imports, and further tightened currency controls in an effort to bolster foreign reserves and stem capital flight. Between 2011 and 2013, Central Bank foreign reserves dropped $21.3 billion from a high of $52.7 billion. In July 2014, Argentina and China agreed on an $11 billion currency swap; the Argentine Central Bank has received the equivalent of $3.2 billion in Chinese yuan, which it counts as international reserves. ++ With the election of President Mauricio MACRI in November 2015, Argentina began a historic political and economic transformation, as his administration took steps to liberalize the Argentine economy, lifting capital controls, floating the peso, removing export controls on some commodities, cutting some energy subsidies, and reforming the country's official statistics. Argentina negotiated debt payments with holdout bond creditors, continued working with the IMF to shore up its finances, and returned to international capital markets in April 2016. ++ In 2017, Argentina's economy emerged from recession with GDP growth of nearly 3.0%. The government passed important pension, tax, and fiscal reforms. And after years of international isolation, Argentina took on several international leadership roles, including hosting the World Economic Forum on Latin America and the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference, and is set to assume the presidency of the G-20 in 2018." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$922.1 billion (2017 est.) / $896.5 billion (2016 est.) / $913.2 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 28 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$637.6 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "-2.03% (2019 est.) / -2.53% (2018 est.) / 2.83% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 205 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "25.7% (2017 est.) / 26.5% (2016 est.)", + "note": "note: data are derived from private estimates", + "country comparison to the world": 221 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "CCC (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ca (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "CCC+ (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$761.389 billion (2019 est.) / $777.626 billion (2018 est.) / $798.1 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$447.467 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$20,900 (2017 est.) / $20,600 (2016 est.) / $21,200 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 88 + "text": "$9,807 (2019 est.) / $10,110 (2018 est.) / $10,477 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 117 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "17.6% of GDP (2017 est.) / 16.8% of GDP (2016 est.) / 15.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 114 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "10.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "28.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "61.1% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "65.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -573,16 +599,8 @@ "text": "-13.8% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "10.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "28.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "61.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "57.5 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans, grapes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, wheat; livestock" @@ -613,7 +631,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "9.84% (2019 est.) / 9.18% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 144 + "country comparison to the world": 145 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "25.7% (2017 est.)", @@ -650,18 +668,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "25.7% (2017 est.) / 26.5% (2016 est.)", - "note": "note: data are derived from private estimates", - "country comparison to the world": 219 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$3.997 billion (2019 est.) / -$27.049 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 178 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$58.45 billion (2017 est.) / $57.78 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 49 + "text": "$82.985 billion (2019 est.) / $76.14 billion (2018 est.) / $75.766 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 53 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Brazil 16.1%, US 7.9%, China 7.5%, Chile 4.4% (2017)" @@ -670,8 +683,8 @@ "text": "soybeans and derivatives, petroleum and gas, vehicles, corn, wheat" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$63.97 billion (2017 est.) / $53.5 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 48 + "text": "$72.162 billion (2019 est.) / $89.088 billion (2018 est.) / $93.308 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 54 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, motor vehicles, petroleum and natural gas, organic chemicals, plastics" @@ -688,13 +701,19 @@ "country comparison to the world": 34 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Argentine pesos (ARS) per US dollar - / 16.92 (2017 est.) / 14.76 (2016 est.) / 14.76 (2015 est.) / 9.23 (2014 est.) / 8.08 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Argentine pesos (ARS) per US dollar - / 82.034 (2020 est.) / 59.96559 (2019 est.) / 37.23499 (2018 est.) / 9.23 (2014 est.) / 8.08 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "100% (2020)" + "text": "99% (2020)" + }, + "electrification - urban areas": { + "text": "99% (2020)" + }, + "electrification - rural areas": { + "text": "85% (2020)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -719,7 +738,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "69% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 112 + "country comparison to the world": 111 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "4% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/south-america/bl.json b/south-america/bl.json index aad0461f..be91fe87 100644 --- a/south-america/bl.json +++ b/south-america/bl.json @@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry) 68%, indigenous 20%, white 5%, cholo/chola 2%, black 1%, other 1%, unspecified 3% ; 44% of respondents indicated feeling part of some indigenous group, predominantly Quechua or Aymara (2009 est.)", + "text": "mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry) 68%, indigenous 20%, White 5%, cholo/chola 2%, Black 1%, other 1%, unspecified 3% ; 44% of respondents indicated feeling part of some indigenous group, predominantly Quechua or Aymara (2009 est.)", "note": "note: results among surveys vary based on the wording of the ethnicity question and the available response choices; the 2001 national census did not provide \"mestizo\" as a response choice, resulting in a much higher proportion of respondents identifying themselves as belonging to one of the available indigenous ethnicity choices; the use of \"mestizo\" and \"cholo\" varies among response choices in surveys, with surveys using the terms interchangeably, providing one or the other as a response choice, or providing the two as separate response choices" }, "Languages": { @@ -173,19 +173,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.44% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 75 + "country comparison to the world": 74 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "20.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 73 + "country comparison to the world": 72 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 148 + "country comparison to the world": 147 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 113 + "country comparison to the world": 112 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "a high altitude plain in the west between two cordillera of the Andes, known as the Altiplano, is the focal area for most of the population; a dense settlement pattern is also found in and around the city of Santa Cruz, located on the eastern side of the Andes" @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ "female": { "text": "28.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 48 + "country comparison to the world": 47 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.48 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 76 + "country comparison to the world": 75 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "66.5% (2016)" @@ -522,30 +522,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Bolivia is a resource rich country with strong growth attributed to captive markets for natural gas exports – to Brazil and Argentina. However, the country remains one of the least developed countries in Latin America because of state-oriented policies that deter investment. ++ Following an economic crisis during the early 1980s, reforms in the 1990s spurred private investment, stimulated economic growth, and cut poverty rates. The period 2003-05 was characterized by political instability, racial tensions, and violent protests against plans - subsequently abandoned - to export Bolivia's newly discovered natural gas reserves to large Northern Hemisphere markets. In 2005-06, the government passed hydrocarbon laws that imposed significantly higher royalties and required foreign firms then operating under risk-sharing contracts to surrender all production to the state energy company in exchange for a predetermined service fee; the laws engendered much public debate. High commodity prices between 2010 and 2014 sustained rapid growth and large trade surpluses with GDP growing 6.8% in 2013 and 5.4% in 2014. The global decline in oil prices that began in late 2014 exerted downward pressure on the price Bolivia receives for exported gas and resulted in lower GDP growth rates - 4.9% in 2015 and 4.3% in 2016 - and losses in government revenue as well as fiscal and trade deficits. ++ A lack of foreign investment in the key sectors of mining and hydrocarbons, along with conflict among social groups, pose challenges for the Bolivian economy. In 2015, President Evo MORALES expanded efforts to court international investment and boost Bolivia's energy production capacity. MORALES passed an investment law and promised not to nationalize additional industries in an effort to improve the investment climate. In early 2016, the Government of Bolivia approved the 2016-2020 National Economic and Social Development Plan aimed at maintaining growth of 5% and reducing poverty." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$83.72 billion (2017 est.) / $80.35 billion (2016 est.) / $77.07 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 94 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$37.78 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.22% (2019 est.) / 4.23% (2018 est.) / 4.19% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 128 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.8% (2019 est.) / 2.2% (2018 est.) / 2.8% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 100 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B2 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B+ (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$78.486 billion (2019 est.) / $76.784 billion (2018 est.) / $73.673 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$40.822 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$7,600 (2017 est.) / $7,400 (2016 est.) / $7,200 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 154 + "text": "$2,579 (2019 est.) / $2,559 (2018 est.) / $2,490 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 183 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "15.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 15.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / 14.2% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 132 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "13.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "37.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "48.2% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "67.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -566,16 +591,8 @@ "text": "-31.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "13.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "37.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "48.2% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "51.7 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "soybeans, quinoa, Brazil nuts, sugarcane, coffee, corn, rice, potatoes, chia, coca" @@ -605,7 +622,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4% (2017 est.) / 4% (2016 est.)", "note": "note: data are for urban areas; widespread underemployment", - "country comparison to the world": 58 + "country comparison to the world": 59 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "38.6% (2015 est.)", @@ -643,17 +660,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.8% (2017 est.) / 3.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 127 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$2.375 billion (2017 est.) / -$1.932 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 171 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$7.746 billion (2017 est.) / $7.214 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 97 + "text": "$9.632 billion (2019 est.) / $9.81 billion (2018 est.) / $9.326 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 101 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Brazil 17.9%, Argentina 16%, US 7.8%, Japan 7.3%, India 6.6%, South Korea 6.3%, Colombia 5.8%, China 5.1%, UAE 4.7% (2017)" @@ -662,8 +675,8 @@ "text": "natural gas, silver, zinc, lead, tin, gold, quinoa, soybeans and soy products" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$8.601 billion (2017 est.) / $7.888 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 107 + "text": "$10.142 billion (2019 est.) / $9.99 billion (2018 est.) / $9.8 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 106 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, petroleum products, vehicles, iron and steel, plastics" @@ -680,22 +693,19 @@ "country comparison to the world": 106 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "bolivianos (BOB) per US dollar - / 6.86 (2017 est.) / 6.86 (2016 est.) / 6.91 (2015 est.) / 6.91 (2014 est.) / 6.91 (2013 est.)" + "text": "bolivianos (BOB) per US dollar - / 6.91 (2020 est.) / 6.91 (2019 est.) / 6.91 (2018 est.) / 6.91 (2014 est.) / 6.91 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "1.2 million (2013)" - }, "electrification - total population": { - "text": "95.6% (2018)" + "text": "93% (2019)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "99.3% (2016)" + "text": "99.3% (2019)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "79.1% (2016)" + "text": "79% (2019)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -720,7 +730,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "76% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 93 + "country comparison to the world": 92 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/south-america/br.json b/south-america/br.json index 9ebaff3d..99579878 100644 --- a/south-america/br.json +++ b/south-america/br.json @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "white 47.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 43.1%, black 7.6%, Asian 1.1%, indigenous 0.4% (2010 est.)" + "text": "White 47.7%, Mulatto (mixed White and Black) 43.1%, Black 7.6%, Asian 1.1%, Indigenous 0.4% (2010 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language)", @@ -184,19 +184,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.67% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 140 + "country comparison to the world": 139 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "13.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 137 + "country comparison to the world": 136 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 129 + "country comparison to the world": 128 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 101 + "country comparison to the world": 100 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the vast majority of people live along, or relatively near, the Atlantic coast in the east; the population core is in the southeast, anchored by the cities of Sao Paolo, Brasilia, and Rio de Janeiro" @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "female": { "text": "12.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 94 + "country comparison to the world": 93 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.73 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 165 + "country comparison to the world": 164 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "80.2% (2013)" @@ -320,15 +320,15 @@ "water contact disease": { "text": "schistosomiasis" }, - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Brazil; as of 10 November 2020, Brazil has reported a total of 5,631,181 cases of COVID-19 or 26,492 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 762 cumulative deaths per 1 million population; the Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Brazil to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Brazil; as of 8 December 2020, Brazil has reported a total of 6,533,968 cases of COVID-19 or 30,739 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 828 cumulative deaths per 1 million population; the Department of Homeland Security has issued instructions requiring US passengers who have been in Brazil to travel through select airports where the US Government has implemented enhanced screening procedures" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "22.1% (2016)", "country comparison to the world": 82 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.2% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 28 + "text": "6.3% of GDP (2017)", + "country comparison to the world": 22 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -544,30 +544,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Brazil is the eighth-largest economy in the world, but is recovering from a recession in 2015 and 2016 that ranks as the worst in the country's history. In 2017, Brazil`s GDP grew 1%, inflation fell to historic lows of 2.9%, and the Central Bank lowered benchmark interest rates from 13.75% in 2016 to 7%. ++ The economy has been negatively affected by multiple corruption scandals involving private companies and government officials, including the impeachment and conviction of Former President Dilma ROUSSEFF in August 2016. Sanctions against the firms involved — some of the largest in Brazil — have limited their business opportunities, producing a ripple effect on associated businesses and contractors but creating opportunities for foreign companies to step into what had been a closed market. ++ The succeeding TEMER administration has implemented a series of fiscal and structural reforms to restore credibility to government finances. Congress approved legislation in December 2016 to cap public spending. Government spending growth had pushed public debt to 73.7% of GDP at the end of 2017, up from over 50% in 2012. The government also boosted infrastructure projects, such as oil and natural gas auctions, in part to raise revenues. Other economic reforms, proposed in 2016, aim to reduce barriers to foreign investment, and to improve labor conditions. Policies to strengthen Brazil's workforce and industrial sector, such as local content requirements, have boosted employment, but at the expense of investment. ++ Brazil is a member of the Common Market of the South (Mercosur), a trade bloc that includes Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay - Venezuela's membership in the organization was suspended In August 2017. After the Asian and Russian financial crises, Mercosur adopted a protectionist stance to guard against exposure to volatile foreign markets and it currently is negotiating Free Trade Agreements with the European Union and Canada." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$3.248 trillion (2017 est.) / $3.216 trillion (2016 est.) / $3.332 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 8 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.055 trillion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.13% (2019 est.) / 1.2% (2018 est.) / 1.62% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 169 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "3.7% (2019 est.) / 3.6% (2018 est.) / 3.4% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 158 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB- (2018)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba2 (2016)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BB- (2018)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$2,973,364,000,000 (2019 est.) / $2,940,085,000,000 (2018 est.) / $2,905,196,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$1,877,942,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$15,600 (2017 est.) / $15,600 (2016 est.) / $16,300 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 108 + "text": "$11,117 (2019 est.) / $11,075 (2018 est.) / $11,030 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 112 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "15% of GDP (2017 est.) / 14.1% of GDP (2016 est.) / 14.1% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 136 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "6.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "20.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "72.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "63.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -588,16 +613,8 @@ "text": "-11.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "6.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "20.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "72.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "59.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef" @@ -626,7 +643,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "11.93% (2019 est.) / 12.26% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 163 + "country comparison to the world": 164 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "4.2% (2016 est.)", @@ -663,16 +680,12 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.4% (2017 est.) / 8.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 139 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$50.927 billion (2019 est.) / -$41.54 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 203 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$217.2 billion (2017 est.) / $184.5 billion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$291.452 billion (2019 est.) / $298.565 billion (2018 est.) / $286.935 billion (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 26 }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -682,8 +695,8 @@ "text": "transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, automobiles" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$153.2 billion (2017 est.) / $139.4 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 29 + "text": "$271.257 billion (2019 est.) / $268.237 billion (2018 est.) / $248.961 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 25 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil, automotive parts, electronics" @@ -700,7 +713,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 21 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "reals (BRL) per US dollar - / 3.19 (2017 est.) / 3.48 (2016 est.) / 3.4901 (2015 est.) / 3.3315 (2014 est.) / 2.3535 (2013 est.)" + "text": "reals (BRL) per US dollar - / 5.12745 (2020 est.) / 4.14915 (2019 est.) / 3.862 (2018 est.) / 3.3315 (2014 est.) / 2.3535 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -731,7 +744,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "17% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "country comparison to the world": 196 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "1% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/south-america/ci.json b/south-america/ci.json index 6930e73f..7fad5344 100644 --- a/south-america/ci.json +++ b/south-america/ci.json @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "white and non-indigenous 88.9%, Mapuche 9.1%, Aymara 0.7%, other indigenous groups 1% (includes Rapa Nui, Likan Antai, Quechua, Colla, Diaguita, Kawesqar, Yagan or Yamana), unspecified 0.3% (2012 est.)" + "text": "White and non-indigenous 88.9%, Mapuche 9.1%, Aymara 0.7%, other indigenous groups 1% (includes Rapa Nui, Likan Antai, Quechua, Colla, Diaguita, Kawesqar, Yagan or Yamana), unspecified 0.3% (2012 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "Spanish 99.5% (official), English 10.2%, indigenous 1% (includes Mapudungun, Aymara, Quechua, Rapa Nui), other 2.3%, unspecified 0.2% (2012 est.)", @@ -184,19 +184,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.71% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 138 + "country comparison to the world": 137 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "13.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 142 + "country comparison to the world": 141 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 142 + "country comparison to the world": 141 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 70 + "country comparison to the world": 69 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "90% of the population is located in the middle third of the country around the capital of Santiago; the far north (anchored by the Atacama Desert) and the extreme south are relatively underpopulated" @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "female": { "text": "5.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 164 + "country comparison to the world": 163 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.77 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 153 + "country comparison to the world": 152 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "76.3% (2015/16)" @@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5.4% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 41 + "country comparison to the world": 39 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -530,30 +530,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Chile has a market-oriented economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade and a reputation for strong financial institutions and sound policy that have given it the strongest sovereign bond rating in South America. Exports of goods and services account for approximately one-third of GDP, with commodities making up some 60% of total exports. Copper is Chile's top export and provides 20% of government revenue. ++ From 2003 through 2013, real growth averaged almost 5% per year, despite a slight contraction in 2009 that resulted from the global financial crisis. Growth slowed to an estimated 1.4% in 2017. A continued drop in copper prices prompted Chile to experience its third consecutive year of slow growth. ++ Chile deepened its longstanding commitment to trade liberalization with the signing of a free trade agreement with the US, effective 1 January 2004. Chile has 26 trade agreements covering 60 countries including agreements with the EU, Mercosur, China, India, South Korea, and Mexico. In May 2010, Chile signed the OECD Convention, becoming the first South American country to join the OECD. In October 2015, Chile signed the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement, which was finalized as the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and signed at a ceremony in Chile in March 2018. ++ The Chilean Government has generally followed a countercyclical fiscal policy, under which it accumulates surpluses in sovereign wealth funds during periods of high copper prices and economic growth, and generally allows deficit spending only during periods of low copper prices and growth. As of 31 October 2016, those sovereign wealth funds - kept mostly outside the country and separate from Central Bank reserves - amounted to more than $23.5 billion. Chile used these funds to finance fiscal stimulus packages during the 2009 economic downturn. ++ In 2014, then-President Michelle BACHELET introduced tax reforms aimed at delivering her campaign promise to fight inequality and to provide access to education and health care. The reforms are expected to generate additional tax revenues equal to 3% of Chile's GDP, mostly by increasing corporate tax rates to OECD averages." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$452.1 billion (2017 est.) / $445.5 billion (2016 est.) / $439.9 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 44 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$277 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "1.03% (2019 est.) / 4% (2018 est.) / 1.41% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 171 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.2% (2019 est.) / 2.7% (2018 est.) / 2.1% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 116 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "A- (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A1 (2018)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "A+ (2017)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$405.587 billion (2019 est.) / $401.481 billion (2018 est.) / $386.082 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$282.655 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$24,600 (2017 est.) / $24,500 (2016 est.) / $24,400 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 82 + "text": "$15,098 (2019 est.) / $15,124 (2018 est.) / $14,747 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 91 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "20.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 20.9% of GDP (2016 est.) / 21.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 94 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "32.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "63% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "62.3% (2017 est.)" @@ -574,16 +599,8 @@ "text": "-27% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "4.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "32.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "63% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "72.6 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "grapes, apples, pears, onions, wheat, corn, oats, peaches, garlic, asparagus, beans; beef, poultry, wool; fish; timber" @@ -612,7 +629,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "7.22% (2019 est.) / 7.33% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 115 + "country comparison to the world": 116 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "14.4% (2013)" @@ -648,17 +665,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.2% (2017 est.) / 3.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 113 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$10.933 billion (2019 est.) / -$10.601 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$69.23 billion (2017 est.) / $60.6 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 42 + "text": "$90.626 billion (2019 est.) / $92.772 billion (2018 est.) / $88.376 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 49 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 27.5%, US 14.5%, Japan 9.3%, South Korea 6.2%, Brazil 5% (2017)" @@ -667,8 +680,8 @@ "text": "copper, fruit, fish products, paper and pulp, chemicals, wine" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$61.31 billion (2017 est.) / $55.29 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 49 + "text": "$87.505 billion (2019 est.) / $89.578 billion (2018 est.) / $83.01 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 51 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, electrical and telecommunications equipment, industrial machinery, vehicles, natural gas" @@ -685,7 +698,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 37 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Chilean pesos (CLP) per US dollar - / 653.9 (2017 est.) / 676.94 (2016 est.) / 676.94 (2015 est.) / 658.93 (2014 est.) / 570.37 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Chilean pesos (CLP) per US dollar - / 738.81 (2020 est.) / 770.705 (2019 est.) / 674.25 (2018 est.) / 658.93 (2014 est.) / 570.37 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -716,7 +729,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "59% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 133 + "country comparison to the world": 132 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/south-america/co.json b/south-america/co.json index 03a834cf..f5ac31b4 100644 --- a/south-america/co.json +++ b/south-america/co.json @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "mestizo and white 87.6%, Afro-Colombian (includes mulatto, Raizal, and Palenquero) 6.8%, Amerindian 4.3%, unspecified 1.4% (2018 est.)" + "text": "Mestizo and White 87.6%, Afro-Colombian (includes mulatto, Raizal, and Palenquero) 6.8%, Amerindian 4.3%, unspecified 1.4% (2018 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "Spanish (official)" @@ -180,19 +180,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.93% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 114 + "country comparison to the world": 113 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "15.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 115 + "country comparison to the world": 114 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.6 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 180 + "country comparison to the world": 179 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 130 + "country comparison to the world": 129 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the majority of people live in the north and west where agricultural opportunities and natural resources are found; the vast grasslands of the llanos to the south and east, which make up approximately 60% of the country, are sparsely populated" @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "female": { "text": "9.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 106 + "country comparison to the world": 105 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.94 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 122 + "country comparison to the world": 121 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "81% (2015/16)" @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ "vectorborne diseases": { "text": "dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever" }, - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Colombia; as of 10 November 2020, Colombia has reported a total of 1,127,733 cases of COVID-19 or 22,163 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 637 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Colombia; as of 8 December 2020, Colombia has reported a total of 1,352,607 cases of COVID-19 or 26,583 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 736 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "22.3% (2016)", @@ -328,8 +328,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 92 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.5% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 86 + "text": "4.5% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 77 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -543,30 +543,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Colombia heavily depends on energy and mining exports, making it vulnerable to fluctuations in commodity prices. Colombia is Latin America's fourth largest oil producer and the world's fourth largest coal producer, third largest coffee exporter, and second largest cut flowers exporter. Colombia's economic development is hampered by inadequate infrastructure, poverty, narcotrafficking, and an uncertain security situation, in addition to dependence on primary commodities (goods that have little value-added from processing or labor inputs). ++ Colombia's economy slowed in 2017 because of falling world market prices for oil and lower domestic oil production due to insurgent attacks on pipeline infrastructure. Although real GDP growth averaged 4.7% during the past decade, it fell to an estimated 1.8% in 2017. Declining oil prices also have contributed to reduced government revenues. In 2016, oil revenue dropped below 4% of the federal budget and likely remained below 4% in 2017. A Western credit rating agency in December 2017 downgraded Colombia's sovereign credit rating to BBB-, because of weaker-than-expected growth and increasing external debt. Colombia has struggled to address local referendums against foreign investment, which have slowed its expansion, especially in the oil and mining sectors. Colombia's FDI declined by 3% to $10.2 billion between January and September 2017. ++ Colombia has signed or is negotiating Free Trade Agreements (FTA) with more than a dozen countries; the US-Colombia FTA went into effect in May 2012. Colombia is a founding member of the Pacific Alliance—a regional trade block formed in 2012 by Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru to promote regional trade and economic integration. The Colombian government took steps in 2017 to address several bilateral trade irritants with the US, including those on truck scrappage, distilled spirits, pharmaceuticals, ethanol imports, and labor rights. Colombia hopes to accede to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$711.6 billion (2017 est.) / $699.1 billion (2016 est.) / $685.6 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 31 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$314.5 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "3.26% (2019 est.) / 2.51% (2018 est.) / 1.36% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 92 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "3.5% (2019 est.) / 3.2% (2018 est.) / 4.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 155 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB- (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Baa2 (2014)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB- (2017)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$668.233 billion (2019 est.) / $647.135 billion (2018 est.) / $631.257 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$323.255 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$14,400 (2017 est.) / $14,300 (2016 est.) / $14,200 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 116 + "text": "$7,838 (2019 est.) / $7,695 (2018 est.) / $7,621 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 131 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "18.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 19% of GDP (2016 est.) / 17.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 104 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "7.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "30.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "62.1% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "68.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -587,16 +612,8 @@ "text": "-19.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "7.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "30.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "62.1% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "70.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coffee, cut flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseed, vegetables; shrimp; forest products" @@ -625,7 +642,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "10.5% (2019 est.) / 9.68% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 152 + "country comparison to the world": 153 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "28% (2017 est.)" @@ -662,17 +679,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.3% (2017 est.) / 7.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 163 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$13.748 billion (2019 est.) / -$13.118 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 196 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$39.48 billion (2017 est.) / $31.39 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 55 + "text": "$61.697 billion (2019 est.) / $60.151 billion (2018 est.) / $59.644 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 57 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 28.5%, Panama 8.6%, China 5.1% (2017)" @@ -681,8 +694,8 @@ "text": "petroleum, coal, emeralds, coffee, nickel, cut flowers, bananas, apparel" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$44.24 billion (2017 est.) / $43.24 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 57 + "text": "$87.072 billion (2019 est.) / $80.546 billion (2018 est.) / $76.136 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 52 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity" @@ -699,22 +712,22 @@ "country comparison to the world": 46 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Colombian pesos (COP) per US dollar - / 2,957 (2017 est.) / 3,055.3 (2016 est.) / 3,055.3 (2015 est.) / 2,001 (2014 est.) / 2,001.1 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Colombian pesos (COP) per US dollar - / 3,457.93 (2020 est.) / 3,416.5 (2019 est.) / 3,147.43 (2018 est.) / 2,001 (2014 est.) / 2,001.1 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "population without electricity": { - "text": "1 million (2017)" + "text": "2 million (2019)" }, "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99% (2016)" + "text": "97% (2019)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100% (2016)" + "text": "100% (2019)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "95.7% (2016)" + "text": "86% (2019)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -739,7 +752,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "29% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 184 + "country comparison to the world": 183 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/south-america/ec.json b/south-america/ec.json index 424280e8..212707fe 100644 --- a/south-america/ec.json +++ b/south-america/ec.json @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 71.9%, Montubio 7.4%, Amerindian 7%, white 6.1%, Afroecuadorian 4.3%, mulatto 1.9%, black 1%, other 0.4% (2010 est.)" + "text": "Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and White) 71.9%, Montubio 7.4%, Amerindian 7%, White 6.1%, Afroecuadorian 4.3%, Mulatto 1.9%, Black 1%, other 0.4% (2010 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "Spanish (Castilian) 93% (official), Quechua 4.1%, other indigenous 0.7%, foreign 2.2% (2010 est.)", @@ -184,19 +184,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.2% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 89 + "country comparison to the world": 88 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "17 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 100 + "country comparison to the world": 99 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "country comparison to the world": 193 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 80 + "country comparison to the world": 79 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "nearly half of the population is concentrated in the interior in the Andean intermontane basins and valleys, with large concentrations also found along the western coastal strip; the rainforests of the east remain sparsely populated" @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "female": { "text": "12 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 97 + "country comparison to the world": 96 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.09 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 99 + "country comparison to the world": 98 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "80.1% (2007/12)" @@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "5% of GDP (2015)", - "country comparison to the world": 62 + "country comparison to the world": 58 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -540,30 +540,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Ecuador is substantially dependent on its petroleum resources, which accounted for about a third of the country's export earnings in 2017. Remittances from overseas Ecuadorian are also important. ++ In 1999/2000, Ecuador's economy suffered from a banking crisis that lead to some reforms, including adoption of the US dollar as legal tender. Dollarization stabilized the economy, and positive growth returned in most of the years that followed. China has become Ecuador's largest foreign lender since 2008 and now accounts for 77.7% of the Ecuador's bilateral debt. Various economic policies under the CORREA administration, such as an announcement in 2017 that Ecuador would terminate 13 bilateral investment treaties - including one with the US, generated economic uncertainty and discouraged private investment. ++ Faced with a 2013 trade deficit of $1.1 billion, Ecuador imposed tariff surcharges from 5% to 45% on an estimated 32% of imports. Ecuador's economy fell into recession in 2015 and remained in recession in 2016. Declining oil prices and exports forced the CORREA administration to cut government oulays. Foreign investment in Ecuador is low as a result of the unstable regulatory environment and weak rule of law. ++ n April of 2017, Lenin MORENO was elected President of Ecuador by popular vote. His immediate challenge was to reengage the private sector to improve cash flow in the country. Ecuador's economy returned to positive, but sluggish, growth. In early 2018, the MORENO administration held a public referendum on seven economic and political issues in a move counter to CORREA-administration policies, reduce corruption, strengthen democracy, and revive employment and the economy. The referendum resulted in repeal of taxes associated with recovery from the earthquake of 2016, reduced restrictions on metal mining in the Yasuni Intangible Zone - a protected area, and several political reforms." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$193 billion (2017 est.) / $188.6 billion (2016 est.) / $190.9 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 66 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$104.3 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "0.06% (2019 est.) / 1.29% (2018 est.) / 2.37% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 192 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "0.2% (2019 est.) / -0.2% (2018 est.) / 0.4% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 26 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B- (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Caa3 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B- (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$173.729 billion (2019 est.) / $173.636 billion (2018 est.) / $171.426 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$107.436 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$11,500 (2017 est.) / $11,400 (2016 est.) / $11,700 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 132 + "text": "$5,097 (2019 est.) / $5,181 (2018 est.) / $5,206 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 157 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "25.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 26.4% of GDP (2016 est.) / 24.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 51 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "6.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "32.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "60.4% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "60.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -584,16 +609,8 @@ "text": "-21.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "6.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "32.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "60.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "57.7 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, cassava (manioc, tapioca), plantains, sugarcane; cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork, dairy products; fish, shrimp; balsa wood" @@ -623,7 +640,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5.71% (2019 est.) / 5.26% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 93 + "country comparison to the world": 94 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "21.5% (December 2017 est.)" @@ -660,17 +677,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "0.4% (2017 est.) / 1.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 23 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$53 million (2019 est.) / -$1.328 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 79 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$19.62 billion (2017 est.) / $16.8 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 70 + "text": "$25.446 billion (2019 est.) / $24.183 billion (2018 est.) / $23.907 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 73 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 31.5%, Vietnam 7.6%, Peru 6.7%, Chile 6.5%, Panama 4.9%, Russia 4.4%, China 4% (2017)" @@ -679,8 +692,8 @@ "text": "petroleum, bananas, cut flowers, shrimp, cacao, coffee, wood, fish" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$19.31 billion (2017 est.) / $15.86 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 78 + "text": "$26.096 billion (2019 est.) / $25.677 billion (2018 est.) / $24.594 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 73 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "industrial materials, fuels and lubricants, nondurable consumer goods" @@ -697,22 +710,20 @@ "country comparison to the world": 77 }, "Exchange rates": { + "text": "25,000 (2020 est.) / 25,000 (2019 est.) / 25,000 (2018 est.)", "note": "the US dollar became Ecuador's currency in 2001" } }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "500,000 (2016)" - }, "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99.9% (2016)" + "text": "97% (2019)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100% (2016)" + "text": "100% (2019)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "99.8% (2016)" + "text": "93% (2019)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -737,7 +748,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "43% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 163 + "country comparison to the world": 162 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/south-america/fk.json b/south-america/fk.json index 65cbc1d7..971355d9 100644 --- a/south-america/fk.json +++ b/south-america/fk.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands", - "country comparison to the world": 164 + "country comparison to the world": 163 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Connecticut" @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ "Population": { "text": "3,198 (2016 est.)", "note": "note: data include all persons usually resident in the islands at the time of the 2016 census", - "country comparison to the world": 229 + "country comparison to the world": 228 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -119,15 +119,15 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.01% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 190 + "country comparison to the world": 189 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "10.9 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 181 + "country comparison to the world": 180 }, "Death rate": { "text": "4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2012 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 199 + "country comparison to the world": 198 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "NA" @@ -322,23 +322,26 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but fishing and tourism currently comprise the bulk of economic activity. In 1987, the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falkland Islands' exclusive fishing zone. These license fees net more than $40 million per year, which help support the island's health, education, and welfare system. The waters around the Falkland Islands are known for their squid, which account for around 75% of the annual 200,000-ton catch. ++ Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Foreign exchange earnings come from shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and from the sale of postage stamps and coins. ++ Tourism, especially ecotourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 69,000 visitors in 2009 and adds approximately $5.5 million to the Falkland's annual GDP. The British military presence also provides a sizable economic boost. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. ++ In 1993, the British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day. Political tensions between the UK and Argentina remain high following the start of oil drilling activities in the waters. In May 2010 the first commercial oil discovery was made, signaling the potential for the development of a long term hydrocarbon industry in the Falkland Islands." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$206.4 million (2015 est.) / $164.5 million (2014 est.) / $167.5 million (2013 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 220 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "25.5% (2015 est.) / -1.8% (2014 est.) / -20.4% (2013 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 3 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "1.4% (2014 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 85 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$206.4 million (2015 est.) / $164.5 million (2014 est.) / $167.5 million (2013 est.)" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$206.4 million (2015 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "25.5% (2015 est.) / -1.8% (2014 est.) / -20.4% (2013 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 3 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$70,800 (2015 est.) / $63,000 (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 12 + "country comparison to the world": 11 }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -351,6 +354,8 @@ "text": "38.4% NA (2015 est.)" } }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "fodder and vegetable crops; venison, sheep, dairy products; fish, squid" }, @@ -362,7 +367,7 @@ }, "Labor force": { "text": "1,850 (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 227 + "country comparison to the world": 226 }, "Labor force - by occupation": { "agriculture": { @@ -413,13 +418,9 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1.4% (2014 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 77 - }, "Exports": { "text": "$257.3 million (2015 est.) / $125 million (2004 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 186 + "country comparison to the world": 187 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Spain 74.4%, Namibia 10.4%, US 5% (2017)" @@ -464,11 +465,11 @@ }, "Electricity - installed generating capacity": { "text": "12,100 kW (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 208 + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "74% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 96 + "country comparison to the world": 95 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -504,7 +505,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - consumption": { "text": "290 bbl/day (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Refined petroleum products - exports": { "text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)", @@ -512,7 +513,7 @@ }, "Refined petroleum products - imports": { "text": "286 bbl/day (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 208 }, "Natural gas - production": { "text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)", @@ -536,7 +537,7 @@ }, "Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": { "text": "44,070 Mt (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 210 } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/south-america/gy.json b/south-america/gy.json index b2a0ac2e..b1561081 100644 --- a/south-america/gy.json +++ b/south-america/gy.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "18,120 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 86 + "country comparison to the world": 85 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly smaller than Idaho; almost twice the size of Tennessee" @@ -180,19 +180,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.72% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 135 + "country comparison to the world": 134 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "15.5 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 113 + "country comparison to the world": 112 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 103 + "country comparison to the world": 102 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 84 + "country comparison to the world": 83 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population is heavily concentrated in the northeast in and around Georgetown, with noteable concentrations along the Berbice River to the east; the remainder of the country is sparsely populated" @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ "female": { "text": "23.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 64 + "country comparison to the world": 63 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.89 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 131 + "country comparison to the world": 130 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "33.9% (2014)" @@ -326,8 +326,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 70 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.3% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 25 + "text": "5.5% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 35 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -533,30 +533,46 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The Guyanese economy exhibited moderate economic growth in recent years and is based largely on agriculture and extractive industries. The economy is heavily dependent upon the export of six commodities - sugar, gold, bauxite, shrimp, timber, and rice - which represent nearly 60% of the country's GDP and are highly susceptible to adverse weather conditions and fluctuations in commodity prices. Guyana closed or consolidated several sugar estates in 2017, reducing production of sugar to a forecasted 147,000 tons in 2018, less than half of 2017 production. Much of Guyana's growth in recent years has come from a surge in gold production. With a record-breaking 700,000 ounces of gold produced in 2016, Gold production in Guyana has offset the economic effects of declining sugar production. In January 2018, estimated 3.2 billion barrels of oil were found offshore and Guyana is scheduled to become a petroleum producer by March 2020. ++ Guyana's entrance into the Caricom Single Market and Economy in January 2006 broadened the country's export market, primarily in the raw materials sector. Guyana has experienced positive growth almost every year over the past decade. Inflation has been kept under control. Recent years have seen the government's stock of debt reduced significantly - with external debt now less than half of what it was in the early 1990s. Despite these improvements, the government is still juggling a sizable external debt against the urgent need for expanded public investment. In March 2007, the Inter-American Development Bank, Guyana's principal donor, canceled Guyana's nearly $470 million debt, equivalent to 21% of GDP, which along with other Highly Indebted Poor Country debt forgiveness, brought the debt-to-GDP ratio down from 183% in 2006 to 52% in 2017. Guyana had become heavily indebted as a result of the inward-looking, state-led development model pursued in the 1970s and 1980s. Chronic problems include a shortage of skilled labor and a deficient infrastructure." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$6.301 billion (2017 est.) / $6.169 billion (2016 est.) / $5.969 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 171 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "2.1% (2017 est.) / 3.4% (2016 est.) / 3.1% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 131 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2% (2017 est.) / 0.8% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 112 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$6.301 billion (2017 est.) / $3.169 billion (2016 est.) / $5.969 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$3.561 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.1% (2017 est.) / 3.4% (2016 est.) / 3.1% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 146 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$8,100 (2017 est.) / $8,000 (2016 est.) / $7,800 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 151 + "country comparison to the world": 127 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "10.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / 15% of GDP (2016 est.) / 8.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 161 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "15.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "15.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "69.3% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "71.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -577,16 +593,8 @@ "text": "-63% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "15.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "15.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "69.3% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "55.5 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "sugarcane, rice, edible oils; beef, pork, poultry; shrimp, fish" @@ -615,7 +623,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "11.1% (2013) / 11.3% (2012)", - "country comparison to the world": 151 + "country comparison to the world": 157 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "35% (2006 est.)" @@ -651,17 +659,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2% (2017 est.) / 0.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 105 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$237 million (2017 est.) / $13 million (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 100 + "country comparison to the world": 103 }, "Exports": { "text": "$1.439 billion (2017 est.) / $1.38 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 149 + "country comparison to the world": 151 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Canada 24.9%, US 16.5%, Panama 9.6%, UK 7.7%, Jamaica 5.1%, Trinidad and Tobago 5% (2017)" @@ -671,7 +675,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$1.626 billion (2017 est.) / $1.341 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 173 + "country comparison to the world": 175 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food" @@ -694,13 +698,13 @@ "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "84.2% (2016)" + "text": "91.8% (2018)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "90.2% (2016)" + "text": "96.9% (2018)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "81.9% (2016)" + "text": "90% (2018)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -725,7 +729,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "89% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 57 + "country comparison to the world": 56 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/south-america/ns.json b/south-america/ns.json index 9f06212e..996f177a 100644 --- a/south-america/ns.json +++ b/south-america/ns.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "7,820 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 93 + "country comparison to the world": 92 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than Georgia" @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "609,569 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 172 + "country comparison to the world": 171 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -176,19 +176,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.95% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 113 + "country comparison to the world": 112 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "14.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 120 + "country comparison to the world": 119 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 158 + "country comparison to the world": 157 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 66 + "country comparison to the world": 65 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "population concentrated along the nothern coastal strip; the remainder of the country is sparsely populated" @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ "female": { "text": "18.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 70 + "country comparison to the world": 69 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.86 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 139 + "country comparison to the world": 138 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "39.1% (2018)" @@ -519,30 +519,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Suriname's economy is dominated by the mining industry, with exports of oil and gold accounting for approximately 85% of exports and 27% of government revenues. This makes the economy highly vulnerable to mineral price volatility. The worldwide drop in international commodity prices and the cessation of alumina mining in Suriname significantly reduced government revenue and national income during the past few years. In November 2015, a major US aluminum company discontinued its mining activities in Suriname after 99 years of operation. Public sector revenues fell, together with exports, international reserves, employment, and private sector investment. ++ Economic growth declined annually from just under 5% in 2012 to -10.4% in 2016. In January 2011, the government devalued the currency by 20% and raised taxes to reduce the budget deficit. Suriname began instituting macro adjustments between September 2015 and 2016; these included another 20% currency devaluation in November 2015 and foreign currency interventions by the Central Bank until March 2016, after which time the Bank allowed the Surinamese dollar (SRD) to float. By December 2016, the SRD had lost 46% of its value against the dollar. Depreciation of the Surinamese dollar and increases in tariffs on electricity caused domestic prices in Suriname to rise 22.0% year-over-year by December 2017. ++ Suriname's economic prospects for the medium-term will depend on its commitment to responsible monetary and fiscal policies and on the introduction of structural reforms to liberalize markets and promote competition. The government's over-reliance on revenue from the extractive sector colors Suriname's economic outlook. Following two years of recession, the Fitch Credit Bureau reported a positive growth of 1.2% in 2017 and the World Bank predicted 2.2% growth in 2018. Inflation declined to 9%, down from 55% in 2016 , and increased gold production helped lift exports. Yet continued budget imbalances and a heavy debt and interest burden resulted in a debt-to-GDP ratio of 83% in September 2017. Purchasing power has fallen rapidly due to the devalued local currency. The government has announced its intention to pass legislation to introduce a new value-added tax in 2018. Without this and other measures to strengthen the country's fiscal position, the government may face liquidity pressures." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "1.9% (2017 est.) / -5.1% (2016 est.) / -2.6% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 144 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "22% (2017 est.) / 55.5% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 219 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "C (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Caa3 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "SD (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$8.688 billion (2017 est.) / $8.526 billion (2016 est.) / $8.988 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 162 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$3.419 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "1.9% (2017 est.) / -5.1% (2016 est.) / -2.6% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 144 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$14,900 (2017 est.) / $14,800 (2016 est.) / $15,900 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 114 + "country comparison to the world": 96 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "46.6% of GDP (2017 est.) / 55.6% of GDP (2016 est.) / 53.6% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 4 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "11.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "31.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "57.4% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "27.6% (2017 est.)" @@ -563,16 +588,8 @@ "text": "-60.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "11.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "31.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "57.4% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "75.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, bananas, seabob shrimp, yellow-fin tuna, vegetables" @@ -601,7 +618,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "8.9% (2017 est.) / 9.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 136 + "country comparison to the world": 137 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "70% (2002 est.)" @@ -637,17 +654,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "22% (2017 est.) / 55.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 216 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$2 million (2017 est.) / -$169 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 68 }, "Exports": { "text": "$2.028 billion (2017 est.) / $1.449 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 139 + "country comparison to the world": 144 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Switzerland 38%, Hong Kong 21.9%, Belgium 10.1%, UAE 7.2%, Guyana 6.1% (2017)" @@ -657,7 +670,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$1.293 billion (2017 est.) / $1.203 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 177 + "country comparison to the world": 178 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, cotton, consumer goods" @@ -680,13 +693,13 @@ "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "87.2% (2016)" + "text": "97.4% (2018)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "96.4% (2016)" + "text": "99% (2018)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "69.3% (2016)" + "text": "94.3% (2018)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -711,7 +724,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "61% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 129 + "country comparison to the world": 128 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/south-america/pa.json b/south-america/pa.json index 7e2645ac..147ad8d0 100644 --- a/south-america/pa.json +++ b/south-america/pa.json @@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "mestizo (mixed Spanish and Amerindian) 95%, other 5%" + "text": "Mestizo (mixed Spanish and Amerindian) 95%, other 5%" }, "Languages": { "text": "Spanish (official) and Guarani (official) 46.3%, only Guarani 34%, only Spanish 15.2%, other (includes Portuguese, German, other indigenous languages) 4.1% , no response .4% (2012 est.)", @@ -172,19 +172,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.16% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 93 + "country comparison to the world": 92 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "16.6 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 103 + "country comparison to the world": 102 }, "Death rate": { "text": "4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 104 + "country comparison to the world": 103 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population resides in the eastern half of the country; to the west lies the Gran Chaco (a semi-arid lowland plain), which accounts for 60% of the land territory, but only 2% of the overall population" @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ "female": { "text": "13.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 89 + "country comparison to the world": 88 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.89 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 132 + "country comparison to the world": 131 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "68.4% (2016)" @@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.4% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 126 + "country comparison to the world": 120 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -532,30 +532,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Landlocked Paraguay has a market economy distinguished by a large informal sector, featuring re-export of imported consumer goods to neighboring countries, as well as the activities of thousands of microenterprises and urban street vendors. A large percentage of the population, especially in rural areas, derives its living from agricultural activity, often on a subsistence basis. Because of the importance of the informal sector, accurate economic measures are difficult to obtain. ++ On a per capita basis, real income has grown steadily over the past five years as strong world demand for commodities, combined with high prices and favorable weather, supported Paraguay's commodity-based export expansion. Paraguay is the fifth largest soy producer in the world. Drought hit in 2008, reducing agricultural exports and slowing the economy even before the onset of the global recession. The economy fell 3.8% in 2009, as lower world demand and commodity prices caused exports to contract. Severe drought and outbreaks of hoof-and-mouth disease in 2012 led to a brief drop in beef and other agricultural exports. Since 2014, however, Paraguay's economy has grown at a 4% average annual rate due to strong production and high global prices, at a time when other countries in the region have contracted. ++ The Paraguayan Government recognizes the need to diversify its economy and has taken steps in recent years to do so. In addition to looking for new commodity markets in the Middle East and Europe, Paraguayan officials have promoted the country's low labor costs, cheap energy from its massive Itaipu Hydroelectric Dam, and single-digit tax rate on foreign firms. As a result, the number of factories operating in the country – mostly transplants from Brazil - has tripled since 2014. ++ Corruption, limited progress on structural reform, and deficient infrastructure are the main obstacles to long-term growth. Judicial corruption is endemic and is seen as the greatest barrier to attracting more foreign investment. Paraguay has been adverse to public debt throughout its history, but has recently sought to finance infrastructure improvements to attract foreign investment." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "4.8% (2017 est.) / 4.3% (2016 est.) / 3.1% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 55 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "3.6% (2017 est.) / 4.1% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 157 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB+ (2018)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba1 (2015)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BB (2014)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$88.91 billion (2017 est.) / $84.87 billion (2016 est.) / $81.36 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 91 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$38.94 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.8% (2017 est.) / 4.3% (2016 est.) / 3.1% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 55 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$12,800 (2017 est.) / $12,400 (2016 est.) / $12,000 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 123 + "country comparison to the world": 101 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "18.6% of GDP (2017 est.) / 20.9% of GDP (2016 est.) / 20% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 108 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "17.9% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "27.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "54.5% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "66.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -576,16 +601,8 @@ "text": "-42.2% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "17.9% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "27.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "54.5% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "76.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cotton, sugarcane, soybeans, corn, wheat, tobacco, cassava (manioc, tapioca), fruits, vegetables; beef, pork, eggs, milk; timber" @@ -614,7 +631,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "5.7% (2017 est.) / 6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 92 + "country comparison to the world": 93 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "22.2% (2015 est.)" @@ -650,17 +667,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.6% (2017 est.) / 4.1% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 144 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$298 million (2017 est.) / $416 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 108 }, "Exports": { "text": "$11.73 billion (2017 est.) / $10.86 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 83 + "country comparison to the world": 89 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Brazil 31.9%, Argentina 15.9%, Chile 6.9%, Russia 5.9% (2017)" @@ -670,7 +683,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$11.35 billion (2017 est.) / $9.617 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 95 + "country comparison to the world": 102 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "road vehicles, consumer goods, tobacco, petroleum products, electrical machinery, tractors, chemicals, vehicle parts" @@ -687,7 +700,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 96 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "guarani (PYG) per US dollar - / 5,628.1 (2017 est.) / 5,680.7 (2016 est.) / 5,680.7 (2015 est.) / 5,160.4 (2014 est.) / 4,462.2 (2013 est.)" + "text": "guarani (PYG) per US dollar - / 7,045 (2020 est.) / 6,426 (2019 est.) / 5,915.4 (2018 est.) / 5,160.4 (2014 est.) / 4,462.2 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -718,7 +731,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 214 + "country comparison to the world": 213 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/south-america/pe.json b/south-america/pe.json index af162487..8a2e23dc 100644 --- a/south-america/pe.json +++ b/south-america/pe.json @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 60.2%, Amerindian 25.8%, white 5.9%, African descent 3.6%, other (includes Chinese and Japanese descent) 1.2%, unspecified 3.3% (2017 est.)" + "text": "Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 60.2%, Amerindian 25.8%, White 5.9%, African descent 3.6%, other (includes Chinese and Japanese descent) 1.2%, unspecified 3.3% (2017 est.)" }, "Languages": { "text": "Spanish (official) 82.9%, Quechua (official) 13.6%, Aymara (official) 1.6%, Ashaninka 0.3%, other native languages (includes a large number of minor Amazonian languages) 0.8%, other (includes foreign languages and sign language) 0.2%, none .1%, unspecified .7% (2017 est.)" @@ -176,19 +176,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.92% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 116 + "country comparison to the world": 115 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "17 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 101 + "country comparison to the world": 100 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 157 + "country comparison to the world": 156 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 163 + "country comparison to the world": 162 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "approximately one-third of the population resides along the desert coastal belt in the west, with a strong focus on the capital city of Lima; the Andean highlands, or sierra, which is strongly identified with the country's Amerindian population, contains roughly half of the overall population; the eastern slopes of the Andes, and adjoining rainforest, are sparsely populated" @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ "female": { "text": "14.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 90 + "country comparison to the world": 89 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.04 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 107 + "country comparison to the world": 106 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "76.3% (2018)" @@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ "vectorborne diseases": { "text": "dengue fever, malaria, and Bartonellosis (Oroya fever)" }, - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Peru; as of 10 November 2020, Peru has reported a total of 917,503 cases of COVID-19 or 27,827 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 1,055 cumulative deaths per 1 million population; at this time, there are no specific limitations or quarantine requirements for US citizens and Lawful Permanent Residents entering the US from Peru; on 3 June 2020, Peruvian President Martín VIZCARRA signed a supreme decree extending Peru's Health State of Emergency for 90 days beginning Wednesday, 10 June 2020; this is not an extension of the national quarantine, although social distancing and the use of facemasks will be required for the foreseeable future" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Peru; as of 8 December 2020, Peru has reported a total of 970,860 cases of COVID-19 or 29,445 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 1,098 cumulative deaths per 1 million population; at this time, there are no specific limitations or quarantine requirements for US citizens and Lawful Permanent Residents entering the US from Peru; on 3 June 2020, Peruvian President Martín VIZCARRA signed a supreme decree extending Peru's Health State of Emergency for 90 days beginning Wednesday, 10 June 2020; this is not an extension of the national quarantine, although social distancing and the use of facemasks will be required for the foreseeable future" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "19.7% (2016)", @@ -323,8 +323,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 107 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "3.9% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 108 + "text": "3.8% of GDP (2019)", + "country comparison to the world": 107 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ "text": "unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru or Congreso de la Republica del Peru (130 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote to serve single 5-year terms); note - a referendum held in December 2018 banned congressional reelection, holding members to a single consecutive term" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 10 April 2016 with run-off election on 6 June 2016 (next to be held in April 2021); note - President VIZCARRA dissolved the Congress on 30 September 2019 and called new congressional elections for 26 January 2020; the new Congress will serve an abbreviated term, with the next regular election to be held in April 2021" + "text": "last held on 10 April 2016 with run-off election on 6 June 2016 (next to be held in April 2021); note - President VIZCARRA dissolved the Congress on 30 September 2019 and called new congressional elections for 26 January 2020; the new Congress will serve an abbreviated term, with the next regular election to be held on 11 April 2021" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - Fuerza Popular 36.3%, PPK 16.5%, Frente Amplio 13.9%, APP 9.2%; APRA 8.3%; AP 7.2%, other 8.6%; seats by party/coalition - Fuerza Popular 73, Frente Amplio 20, PPK 18, APP 9; APRA 5; AP 5; composition - men 94, women 36, percent of women 27.7%" @@ -535,30 +535,56 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Peru's economy reflects its varied topography - an arid lowland coastal region, the central high sierra of the Andes, and the dense forest of the Amazon. A wide range of important mineral resources are found in the mountainous and coastal areas, and Peru's coastal waters provide excellent fishing grounds. Peru is the world's second largest producer of silver and copper. ++ The Peruvian economy grew by an average of 5.6% per year from 2009-13 with a stable exchange rate and low inflation. This growth was due partly to high international prices for Peru's metals and minerals exports, which account for 55% of the country's total exports. Growth slipped from 2014 to 2017, due to weaker world prices for these resources. Despite Peru's strong macroeconomic performance, dependence on minerals and metals exports and imported foodstuffs makes the economy vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices. ++ Peru's rapid expansion coupled with cash transfers and other programs have helped to reduce the national poverty rate by over 35 percentage points since 2004, but inequality persists and continued to pose a challenge for the Ollanta HUMALA administration, which championed a policy of social inclusion and a more equitable distribution of income. Poor infrastructure hinders the spread of growth to Peru's non-coastal areas. The HUMALA administration passed several economic stimulus packages in 2014 to bolster growth, including reforms to environmental regulations in order to spur investment in Peru's lucrative mining sector, a move that was opposed by some environmental groups. However, in 2015, mining investment fell as global commodity prices remained low and social conflicts plagued the sector. ++ Peru's free trade policy continued under the HUMALA administration; since 2006, Peru has signed trade deals with the US, Canada, Singapore, China, Korea, Mexico, Japan, the EU, the European Free Trade Association, Chile, Thailand, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Honduras, concluded negotiations with Guatemala and the Trans-Pacific Partnership, and begun trade talks with El Salvador, India, and Turkey. Peru also has signed a trade pact with Chile, Colombia, and Mexico, called the Pacific Alliance, that seeks integration of services, capital, investment and movement of people. Since the US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement entered into force in February 2009, total trade between Peru and the US has doubled. President Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI succeeded HUMALA in July 2016 and is focusing on economic reforms and free market policies aimed at boosting investment in Peru. Mining output increased significantly in 2016-17, which helped Peru attain one of the highest GDP growth rates in Latin America, and Peru should maintain strong growth in 2018. However, economic performance was depressed by delays in infrastructure mega-projects and the start of a corruption scandal associated with a Brazilian firm. Massive flooding in early 2017 also was a drag on growth, offset somewhat by additional public spending aimed at recovery efforts." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$430.3 billion (2017 est.) / $420 billion (2016 est.) / $403.7 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 46 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$214.2 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.18% (2019 est.) / 3.97% (2018 est.) / 2.48% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 129 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.1% (2019 est.) / 1.3% (2018 est.) / 2.8% (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are for metropolitan Lima, annual average", + "country comparison to the world": 114 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB+ (2013)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "A3 (2014)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB+ (2013)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$407.683 billion (2019 est.) / $398.997 billion (2018 est.) / $383.765 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$230.707 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$13,500 (2017 est.) / $13,300 (2016 est.) / $13,000 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 120 + "text": "$6,550 (2019 est.) / $6,515 (2018 est.) / $6,375 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 144 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "19.8% of GDP (2017 est.) / 19.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 19% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 100 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "7.6% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "32.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "59.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "64.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -579,16 +605,8 @@ "text": "-22% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "7.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "32.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "59.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "82.1 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "artichokes, asparagus, avocados, blueberries, coffee, cocoa, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, pineapples, guavas, bananas, apples, lemons, pears, coca, tomatoes, mangoes, barley, medicinal plants, quinoa, palm oil, marigolds, onions, wheat, dry beans; poultry, beef, pork, dairy products; guinea pigs; fish" @@ -619,7 +637,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "6.58% (2019 est.) / 6.73% (2018 est.)", "note": "note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment", - "country comparison to the world": 103 + "country comparison to the world": 104 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "22.7% (2014 est.)" @@ -656,18 +674,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.8% (2017 est.) / 3.6% (2016 est.)", - "note": "note: data are for metropolitan Lima, annual average", - "country comparison to the world": 128 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$3.531 billion (2019 est.) / -$3.821 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 177 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$44.92 billion (2017 est.) / $37.02 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 53 + "text": "$55.583 billion (2019 est.) / $55.129 billion (2018 est.) / $53.823 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 60 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 26.5%, US 15.2%, Switzerland 5.2%, South Korea 4.4%, Spain 4.1%, India 4.1% (2017)" @@ -676,7 +689,7 @@ "text": "copper, gold, lead, zinc, tin, iron ore, molybdenum, silver; crude petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas; coffee, asparagus and other vegetables, fruit, apparel and textiles, fishmeal, fish, chemicals, fabricated metal products and machinery, alloys" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$38.65 billion (2017 est.) / $35.13 billion (2016 est.)", + "text": "$48.211 billion (2019 est.) / $47.616 billion (2018 est.) / $46.15 billion (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 61 }, "Imports - commodities": { @@ -694,22 +707,19 @@ "country comparison to the world": 60 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "nuevo sol (PEN) per US dollar - / 3.265 (2017 est.) / 3.3751 (2016 est.) / 3.3751 (2015 est.) / 3.185 (2014 est.) / 2.8383 (2013 est.)" + "text": "nuevo sol (PEN) per US dollar - / 3.599 (2020 est.) / 3.3799 (2019 est.) / 3.366 (2018 est.) / 3.185 (2014 est.) / 2.8383 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "2 million (2017)" - }, "electrification - total population": { - "text": "95% (2017)" + "text": "97% (2019)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "97% (2017)" + "text": "99% (2019)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "89% (2017)" + "text": "86% (2019)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -734,7 +744,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "61% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 128 + "country comparison to the world": 127 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/south-america/sx.json b/south-america/sx.json index ee6825df..1d1487d3 100644 --- a/south-america/sx.json +++ b/south-america/sx.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "0 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of 11 islands", - "country comparison to the world": 177 + "country comparison to the world": 176 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than Rhode Island" @@ -129,8 +129,10 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. Harvesting finfish and krill are potential sources of income. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK, the sale of fishing licenses, and harbor and landing fees from tourist vessels. Tourism from specialized cruise ships is increasing rapidly." + }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { } }, "Communications": { diff --git a/south-america/uy.json b/south-america/uy.json index 9371dfea..e60bd7b6 100644 --- a/south-america/uy.json +++ b/south-america/uy.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "1,200 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 92 + "country comparison to the world": 91 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about the size of Virginia and West Virginia combined; slightly smaller than the state of Washington" @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "white 87.7%, black 4.6%, indigenous 2.4%, other 0.3%, none or unspecified 5% (2011 est.)", + "text": "White 87.7%, Black 4.6%, indigenous 2.4%, other 0.3%, none or unspecified 5% (2011 est.)", "note": "note: data represent primary ethnic identity" }, "Languages": { @@ -183,11 +183,11 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.27% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 175 + "country comparison to the world": 174 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "12.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 146 + "country comparison to the world": 145 }, "Death rate": { "text": "9.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 141 + "country comparison to the world": 140 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the country's population resides in the southern half of the country; approximately 80% of the populace is urban, living in towns or cities; nearly half of the population lives in and around the capital of Montevideo" @@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ "female": { "text": "6.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 152 + "country comparison to the world": 151 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.77 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 156 + "country comparison to the world": 155 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "79.6% (2015)", @@ -315,8 +315,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 90 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "4.9% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 69 + "text": "5% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 62 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -529,30 +529,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Uruguay has a free market economy characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. Uruguay has sought to expand trade within the Common Market of the South (Mercosur) and with non-Mercosur members, and President VAZQUEZ has maintained his predecessor's mix of pro-market policies and a strong social safety net. ++ Following financial difficulties in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Uruguay's economic growth averaged 8% annually during the 2004-08 period. The 2008-09 global financial crisis put a brake on Uruguay's vigorous growth, which decelerated to 2.6% in 2009. Nevertheless, the country avoided a recession and kept growth rates positive, mainly through higher public expenditure and investment; GDP growth reached 8.9% in 2010 but slowed markedly in the 2012-16 period as a result of a renewed slowdown in the global economy and in Uruguay's main trade partners and Mercosur counterparts, Argentina and Brazil. Reforms in those countries should give Uruguay an economic boost. Growth picked up in 2017." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$78.16 billion (2017 est.) / $76.14 billion (2016 est.) / $74.87 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 96 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$59.18 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.7% (2017 est.) / 1.7% (2016 est.) / 0.4% (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 108 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "7.8% (2019 est.) / 7.5% (2018 est.) / 6.2% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 199 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB- (2013)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Baa2 (2014)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB (2015)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$78.16 billion (2017 est.) / $76.14 billion (2016 est.) / $74.87 billion (2015 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$56.108 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$22,400 (2017 est.) / $21,900 (2016 est.) / $21,600 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 85 + "country comparison to the world": 68 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "17.2% of GDP (2017 est.) / 18.6% of GDP (2016 est.) / 18.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 119 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "6.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "24.1% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "69.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "66.8% (2017 est.)" @@ -573,16 +598,8 @@ "text": "-18.4% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "6.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "24.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "69.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "58.4 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "Cellulose, beef, soybeans, rice, wheat; dairy products; fish; lumber, tobacco, wine" @@ -611,7 +628,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "7.6% (2017 est.) / 7.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 117 + "country comparison to the world": 118 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "9.7% (2015 est.)" @@ -648,17 +665,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "6.2% (2017 est.) / 9.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 189 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$879 million (2017 est.) / $410 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 51 }, "Exports": { "text": "$11.41 billion (2017 est.) / $8.387 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 86 + "country comparison to the world": 92 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "China 19%, Brazil 16.1%, US 5.7%, Argentina 5.4% (2017)" @@ -668,7 +681,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$8.607 billion (2017 est.) / $8.463 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 106 + "country comparison to the world": 114 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "refined oil, crude oil, passenger and other transportation vehicles, vehicle parts, cellular phones" @@ -685,7 +698,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 84 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Uruguayan pesos (UYU) per US dollar - / 28.77 (2017 est.) / 30.16 (2016 est.) / 30.16 (2015 est.) / 27.52 (2014 est.) / 23.25 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Uruguayan pesos (UYU) per US dollar - / 42.645 (2020 est.) / 37.735 (2019 est.) / 32.2 (2018 est.) / 27.52 (2014 est.) / 23.25 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -716,7 +729,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "29% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 185 + "country comparison to the world": 184 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/south-america/ve.json b/south-america/ve.json index ca60d814..6abc4d30 100644 --- a/south-america/ve.json +++ b/south-america/ve.json @@ -182,19 +182,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.18% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 207 + "country comparison to the world": 206 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "17.9 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 92 + "country comparison to the world": 91 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 106 + "country comparison to the world": 105 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-3.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 183 + "country comparison to the world": 182 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population is concentrated in the northern and western highlands along an eastern spur at the northern end of the Andes, an area that includes the capital of Caracas" @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ "female": { "text": "24.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 62 + "country comparison to the world": 61 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.26 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 87 + "country comparison to the world": 86 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "75% (2010)" @@ -321,8 +321,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 103 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.9% of GDP (2009)", - "country comparison to the world": 15 + "text": "NA" }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -535,30 +534,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Venezuela remains highly dependent on oil revenues, which account for almost all export earnings and nearly half of the government's revenue, despite a continued decline in oil production in 2017. In the absence of official statistics, foreign experts estimate that GDP contracted 12% in 2017, inflation exceeded 2000%, people faced widespread shortages of consumer goods and medicine, and the central bank's international reserves dwindled. In late 2017, Venezuela also entered selective default on some of its sovereign and state oil company, Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A., (PDVSA) bonds. Domestic production and industry continues to severely underperform and the Venezuelan Government continues to rely on imports to meet its basic food and consumer goods needs. ++ Falling oil prices since 2014 have aggravated Venezuela's economic crisis. Insufficient access to dollars, price controls, and rigid labor regulations have led some US and multinational firms to reduce or shut down their Venezuelan operations. Market uncertainty and PDVSA's poor cash flow have slowed investment in the petroleum sector, resulting in a decline in oil production. ++ Under President Nicolas MADURO, the Venezuelan Government's response to the economic crisis has been to increase state control over the economy and blame the private sector for shortages. MADURO has given authority for the production and distribution of basic goods to the military and to local socialist party member committees. The Venezuelan Government has maintained strict currency controls since 2003. The government has been unable to sustain its mechanisms for distributing dollars to the private sector, in part because it needed to withhold some foreign exchange reserves to make its foreign bond payments. As a result of price and currency controls, local industries have struggled to purchase production inputs necessary to maintain their operations or sell goods at a profit on the local market. Expansionary monetary policies and currency controls have created opportunities for arbitrage and corruption and fueled a rapid increase in black market activity." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$381.6 billion (2017 est.) / $443.7 billion (2016 est.) / $531.1 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 47 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "-19.67% (2018 est.) / -14% (2017 est.) / -15.76% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 223 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "146,101.7% (2019 est.) / 45,518.1% (2018 est.) / 416.8% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 228 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "RD (2017)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "WR (2019)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "SD (2017)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$269.068 billion (2018 est.) / $381.6 billion (2017 est.) / $334.751 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$210.1 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "-19.67% (2018 est.) / -14% (2017 est.) / -15.76% (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 223 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$12,500 (2017 est.) / $14,400 (2016 est.) / $17,300 (2015 est.)", + "text": "$7,704 (2018 est.) / $12,500 (2017 est.) / $9,417 (2017 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 126 + "country comparison to the world": 133 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "12.1% of GDP (2017 est.) / 8.6% of GDP (2016 est.) / 31.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 150 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "4.7% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "40.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "54.9% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "68.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -579,16 +603,8 @@ "text": "-10.7% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "4.7% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "40.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "54.9% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "0.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rice, bananas, vegetables, coffee; beef, pork, milk, eggs; fish" @@ -617,7 +633,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "6.9% (2018 est.) / 27.1% (2017 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 111 + "country comparison to the world": 112 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "19.7% (2015 est.)" @@ -654,17 +670,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "1,087.5% (2017 est.) / 254.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 226 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$4.277 billion (2017 est.) / -$3.87 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 32 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$32.06 billion (2017 est.) / $27.2 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 62 + "text": "$83.401 billion (2018 est.) / $93.485 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 52 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 34.8%, India 17.2%, China 16%, Netherlands Antilles 8.2%, Singapore 6.3%, Cuba 4.2% (2017)" @@ -673,8 +685,8 @@ "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, bauxite and aluminum, minerals, chemicals, agricultural products" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$11 billion (2017 est.) / $16.34 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 99 + "text": "$18.432 billion (2018 est.) / $18.376 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 88 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "agricultural products, livestock, raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials, medical equipment, petroleum products, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, iron and steel products" @@ -697,13 +709,13 @@ "Energy": { "Electricity access": { "electrification - total population": { - "text": "99.6% (2016)" + "text": "99.6% (2019)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "100% (2016)" + "text": "100% (2019)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "96.4% (2016)" + "text": "99% (2019)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -728,7 +740,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "51% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 150 + "country comparison to the world": 149 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index 13782498..f897baa8 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -166,11 +166,11 @@ "female": { "text": "19.5 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 202 + "country comparison to the world": 201 }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.38% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 28 + "country comparison to the world": 27 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "36.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 99 + "country comparison to the world": 98 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "populations tend to cluster in the foothills and periphery of the rugged Hindu Kush range; smaller groups are found in many of the country's interior valleys; in general, the east is more densely settled, while the south is sparsely populated" @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ "female": { "text": "54.4 years (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 228 + "country comparison to the world": 227 }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "4.82 children born/woman (2020 est.)", @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.1% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 95 + "country comparison to the world": 91 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -534,30 +534,45 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { - "text": "Despite improvements in life expectancy, incomes, and literacy since 2001, Afghanistan is extremely poor, landlocked, and highly dependent on foreign aid. Much of the population continues to suffer from shortages of housing, clean water, electricity, medical care, and jobs. Corruption, insecurity, weak governance, lack of infrastructure, and the Afghan Government's difficulty in extending rule of law to all parts of the country pose challenges to future economic growth. Afghanistan's living standards are among the lowest in the world. Since 2014, the economy has slowed, in large part because of the withdrawal of nearly 100,000 foreign troops that had artificially inflated the country's economic growth. ++ The international community remains committed to Afghanistan's development, pledging over $83 billion at ten donors' conferences between 2003 and 2016. In October 2016, the donors at the Brussels conference pledged an additional $3.8 billion in development aid annually from 2017 to 2020. Even with this help, Government of Afghanistan still faces number of challenges, including low revenue collection, anemic job creation, high levels of corruption, weak government capacity, and poor public infrastructure. ++ In 2017 Afghanistan's growth rate was only marginally above that of the 2014-2016 average. The drawdown of international security forces that started in 2012 has negatively affected economic growth, as a substantial portion of commerce, especially in the services sector, has catered to the ongoing international troop presence in the country. Afghan President Ashraf GHANI Ahmadzai is dedicated to instituting economic reforms to include improving revenue collection and fighting corruption. The government has implemented reforms to the budget process and in some other areas. However, many other reforms will take time to implement and Afghanistan will remain dependent on international donor support over the next several years." + "Economic overview": { + "text": "Prior to 2001, Afghanistan was an extremely poor, landlocked, and foreign aid-dependent country. Increased domestic economic activity occurred following the U.S.-led invasion, as well as significant international economic development assistance. This increased activity expanded access to water, electricity, sanitation, education, and health services, and fostered consistent growth in government revenues since 2014. While international security forces have been drawing down since 2012, with much higher U.S. forces' drawdowns occurring since 2017, economic progress continues, albeit uneven across sectors and key economic indicators. After recovering from the 2018 drought and growing 3.9% in 2019, political instability, expiring international financial commitments, and the COVID-19 pandemic have wrought significant adversity on the Afghan economy, with a projected 5% contraction. ++ Current political parties' power-sharing agreement following the September 2019 presidential elections as well as ongoing Taliban attacks and peace talks have led to Afghan economic instability. This instability, coupled with expiring international grant and assistance, endangers recent fiscal gains and has led to more internally displaced persons. In November 2020, Afghanistan secured $12 billion in additional international aid for 2021-2025, much of which is conditional upon Taliban peace progress. Additionally, Afghanistan continues to experience influxes of repatriating Afghanis, mostly from Iran, significantly straining economic and security institutions. ++ Afghanistan's trade deficit remains at approximately 31% of GDP and is highly dependent on financing through grants and aid. While Afghan agricultural growth remains consistent, recent industrial and services growth have been enormously impacted by COVID-19 lockdowns and trade cessations. While trade with the People's Republic of China has rapidly expanded in recent years, Afghanistan still relies heavily upon India and Pakistan as export partners but is more diverse in its import partners. Furthermore, Afghanistan still struggles to effectively enforce business contracts, facilitate easy tax collection, and enable greater international trade for domestic enterprises. ++ Current Afghan priorities focus on the following goals: Securing international economic agreements, many of which are contingent on Taliban peace progress; Increasing exports to $2 billion USD by 2023; Continuing to expand government revenue collection Countering corruption and navigating challenges from the power-sharing agreement; and Developing a strong private sector that can empower the economy." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "2.7% (2017 est.) / 2.2% (2016 est.) / 1% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 106 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "5% (2017 est.) / 4.4% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 181 + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$69.45 billion (2017 est.) / $67.65 billion (2016 est.) / $66.21 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 101 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$20.24 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "2.7% (2017 est.) / 2.2% (2016 est.) / 1% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 106 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$2,000 (2017 est.) / $2,000 (2016 est.) / $2,000 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 209 + "country comparison to the world": 191 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "22.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 25.8% of GDP (2016 est.) / 21.4% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 78 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "23% (2016 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "21.1% (2016 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "55.9% (2016 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data exclude opium production" + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "81.6% (2016 est.)" @@ -578,17 +593,8 @@ "text": "-47.6% (2016 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "23% (2016 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "21.1% (2016 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "55.9% (2016 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data exclude opium production" + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "Overall Ease of Doing Business score: 44.1 (2020) / Starting a Business score: 92.0 (2020) / Trading Across Borders score: 30.6 (2020) / Enforcing Contracts score: 31.8 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "opium, wheat, fruits, nuts, wool, mutton, sheepskins, lambskins, poppies" @@ -617,7 +623,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "23.9% (2017 est.) / 22.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 194 + "country comparison to the world": 195 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "54.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -653,10 +659,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "21 December - 20 December" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5% (2017 est.) / 4.4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 171 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "$1.014 billion (2017 est.) / $1.409 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 49 @@ -664,7 +666,7 @@ "Exports": { "text": "$784 million (2017 est.) / $614.2 million (2016 est.)", "note": "note: not including illicit exports or reexports", - "country comparison to the world": 170 + "country comparison to the world": 169 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "India 56.5%, Pakistan 29.6% (2017)" @@ -674,7 +676,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$7.616 billion (2017 est.) / $6.16 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 113 + "country comparison to the world": 119 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "machinery and other capital goods, food, textiles, petroleum products" @@ -696,17 +698,14 @@ }, "Energy": { "Electricity access": { - "population without electricity": { - "text": "18,999,254 (2012)" - }, "electrification - total population": { "text": "99% (2018)" }, "electrification - urban areas": { - "text": "98% (2016)" + "text": "100% (2018)" }, "electrification - rural areas": { - "text": "79% (2016)" + "text": "98% (2018)" } }, "Electricity - production": { @@ -731,7 +730,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "45% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 159 + "country comparison to the world": 158 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/south-asia/bg.json b/south-asia/bg.json index 0b31df1e..e8a9279e 100644 --- a/south-asia/bg.json +++ b/south-asia/bg.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "18,290 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 95 + "country comparison to the world": 94 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than Pennsylvania and New Jersey combined; slightly smaller than Iowa" @@ -177,19 +177,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.98% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 106 + "country comparison to the world": 105 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "18.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 88 + "country comparison to the world": 87 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 182 + "country comparison to the world": 181 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 175 + "country comparison to the world": 174 }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ "female": { "text": "26 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 60 + "country comparison to the world": 59 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.11 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 98 + "country comparison to the world": 97 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "62.3% (2014)" @@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ "animal contact diseases": { "text": "rabies" }, - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Bangladesh; as of 10 November 2020, Bangladesh has reported a total of 418,764 cases of COVID-19 or 2,543 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 37 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Bangladesh; as of 8 December 2020, Bangladesh has reported a total of 475,879 cases of COVID-19 or 2,890 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 41 cumulative deaths per 1 million population" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "3.6% (2016)", @@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 17 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2% of GDP (2018)", + "text": "1.3% of GDP (2019)", "country comparison to the world": 169 }, "Literacy": { @@ -539,30 +539,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Bangladesh's economy has grown roughly 6% per year since 2005 despite prolonged periods of political instability, poor infrastructure, endemic corruption, insufficient power supplies, and slow implementation of economic reforms. Although more than half of GDP is generated through the services sector, almost half of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector, with rice as the single-most-important product. ++ ++ Garments, the backbone of Bangladesh's industrial sector, accounted for more than 80% of total exports in FY 2016-17. The industrial sector continues to grow, despite the need for improvements in factory safety conditions. Steady export growth in the garment sector, combined with $13 billion in remittances from overseas Bangladeshis, contributed to Bangladesh's rising foreign exchange reserves in FY 2016-17. Recent improvements to energy infrastructure, including the start of liquefied natural gas imports in 2018, represent a major step forward in resolving a key growth bottleneck." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$690.3 billion (2017 est.) / $642.7 billion (2016 est.) / $599.5 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 33 + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "7.4% (2017 est.) / 7.2% (2016 est.) / 6.8% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 12 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "5.5% (2019 est.) / 5.5% (2018 est.) / 5.6% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 188 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BB- (2014)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Ba3 (2012)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BB- (2010)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$655.623 billion (2019 est.) / $606.201 billion (2018 est.) / $562.006 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$261.5 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "7.4% (2017 est.) / 7.2% (2016 est.) / 6.8% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 13 + "text": "$329.545 billion (2020 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$4,200 (2017 est.) / $4,000 (2016 est.) / $3,800 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 176 + "text": "$1,281 (2019 est.) / $1,197 (2018 est.) / $1,121 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 207 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "30.2% of GDP (2017 est.) / 30.6% of GDP (2016 est.) / 30.3% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 30 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "14.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "29.3% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "56.5% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "68.7% (2017 est.)" @@ -583,16 +608,8 @@ "text": "-20.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "14.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "29.3% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "56.5% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "45.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruit; beef, milk, poultry" @@ -623,7 +640,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4.4% (2017 est.) / 4.4% (2016 est.)", "note": "note: about 40% of the population is underemployed; many persons counted as employed work only a few hours a week and at low wages", - "country comparison to the world": 64 + "country comparison to the world": 65 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "24.3% (2016 est.)" @@ -659,17 +676,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5.6% (2017 est.) / 5.7% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 180 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$5.322 billion (2017 est.) / $1.391 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 185 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$35.3 billion (2017 est.) / $34.14 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 57 + "text": "$33.057 billion (2019 est.) / $29.798 billion (2018 est.) / $27.568 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 68 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Germany 12.9%, US 12.2%, UK 8.7%, Spain 5.3%, France 5.1%, Italy 4.1% (2017)" @@ -678,8 +691,8 @@ "text": "garments, knitwear, agricultural products, frozen food (fish and seafood), jute and jute goods, leather" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$47.56 billion (2017 est.) / $40.28 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 56 + "text": "$44.801 billion (2019 est.) / $45.725 billion (2018 est.) / $36.001 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 64 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "cotton, machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, foodstuffs" @@ -696,7 +709,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 66 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "taka (BDT) per US dollar - / 80.69 (2017 est.) / 78.468 (2016 est.) / 78.468 (2015 est.) / 77.947 (2014 est.) / 77.614 (2013 est.)" + "text": "taka (BDT) per US dollar - / 84.75 (2020 est.) / 85 (2019 est.) / 83.715 (2018 est.) / 77.947 (2014 est.) / 77.614 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -736,7 +749,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "97% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 32 + "country comparison to the world": 31 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/south-asia/bt.json b/south-asia/bt.json index 87e3664d..e289ba5a 100644 --- a/south-asia/bt.json +++ b/south-asia/bt.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 137 + "country comparison to the world": 136 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than Maryland; about one-half the size of Indiana" @@ -165,19 +165,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.02% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 103 + "country comparison to the world": 102 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "16.3 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 106 + "country comparison to the world": 105 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 147 + "country comparison to the world": 146 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 78 + "country comparison to the world": 77 }, "Urbanization": { "urban population": { @@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ "female": { "text": "27 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 65 + "country comparison to the world": 64 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.82 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 147 + "country comparison to the world": 146 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "65.6% (2010)" @@ -293,8 +293,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 49 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "6.6% of GDP (2018)", - "country comparison to the world": 18 + "text": "6.9% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 15 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -477,30 +477,46 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Bhutan's small economy is based largely on hydropower, agriculture, and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than half the population. Because rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive, industrial production is primarily of the cottage industry type. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links and is dependent on India for financial assistance and migrant laborers for development projects, especially for road construction. Bhutan signed a pact in December 2014 to expand duty-free trade with Bangladesh. ++ Multilateral development organizations administer most educational, social, and environment programs, and take into account the government's desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. For example, the government is cautious in its expansion of the tourist sector, restricing visits to environmentally conscientious tourists. Complicated controls and uncertain policies in areas such as industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign investment. ++ Bhutan's largest export - hydropower to India - could spur sustainable growth in the coming years if Bhutan resolves chronic delays in construction. Bhutan's hydropower exports comprise 40% of total exports and 25% of the government's total revenue. Bhutan currently taps only 6.5% of its 24,000-megawatt hydropower potential and is behind schedule in building 12 new hydropower dams with a combined capacity of 10,000 megawatts by 2020 in accordance with a deal signed in 2008 with India. The high volume of imported materials to build hydropower plants has expanded Bhutan's trade and current account deficits. Bhutan also signed a memorandum of understanding with Bangladesh and India in July 2017 to jointly construct a new hydropower plant for exporting electricity to Bangladesh." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "7.4% (2017 est.) / 7.3% (2016 est.) / 6.2% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 13 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "5.8% (2017 est.) / 7.6% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 192 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$7.205 billion (2017 est.) / $6.71 billion (2016 est.) / $6.252 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 167 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$2.405 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "7.4% (2017 est.) / 7.3% (2016 est.) / 6.2% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 14 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$9,000 (2017 est.) / $8,500 (2016 est.) / $8,000 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 145 + "country comparison to the world": 123 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "40.4% of GDP (2017 est.) / 33.3% of GDP (2016 est.) / 32% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 8 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "16.2% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "41.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "42% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "58% (2017 est.)" @@ -521,16 +537,8 @@ "text": "-48% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "16.2% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "41.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "42% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "66.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, corn, root crops, citrus; dairy products, eggs" @@ -560,7 +568,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3.2% (2017 est.) / 3.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 44 + "country comparison to the world": 45 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "12% (2012 est.)" @@ -597,10 +605,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "5.8% (2017 est.) / 7.6% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 183 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$547 million (2017 est.) / -$621 million (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 123 @@ -617,7 +621,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$1.025 billion (2017 est.) / $1.03 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 185 + "country comparison to the world": 186 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "fuel and lubricants, airplanes, machinery and parts, rice, motor vehicles" @@ -665,7 +669,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "1% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 211 + "country comparison to the world": 210 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -812,7 +816,7 @@ }, "Airports": { "text": "2 (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 197 + "country comparison to the world": 196 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/south-asia/ce.json b/south-asia/ce.json index d32e13e3..3b703f71 100644 --- a/south-asia/ce.json +++ b/south-asia/ce.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "980 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 123 + "country comparison to the world": 122 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than West Virginia" @@ -175,19 +175,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.67% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 143 + "country comparison to the world": 142 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "14.2 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 132 + "country comparison to the world": 131 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 143 + "country comparison to the world": 142 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-1.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 150 + "country comparison to the world": 149 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the population is primarily concentrated within a broad wet zone in the southwest, urban centers along the eastern coast, and on the Jaffna Peninsula in the north" @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ "female": { "text": "6.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 151 + "country comparison to the world": 150 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.01 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 112 + "country comparison to the world": 111 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "61.7% (2016)" @@ -323,8 +323,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 23 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "2.8% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 148 + "text": "2.1% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 160 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -536,30 +536,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Sri Lanka is attempting to sustain economic growth while maintaining macroeconomic stability under the IMF program it began in 2016. The government's high debt payments and bloated civil service, which have contributed to historically high budget deficits, remain a concern. Government debt is about 79% of GDP and remains among the highest of the emerging markets. In the coming years, Sri Lanka will need to balance its elevated debt repayment schedule with its need to maintain adequate foreign exchange reserves. ++ In May 2016, Sri Lanka regained its preferential trade status under the European Union's Generalized System of Preferences Plus, enabling many of its firms to export products, including its top export garments, tax free to the EU. In 2017, Parliament passed a new Inland Revenue Act in an effort to increase tax collection and broaden the tax base in response to recommendations made under its IMF program. In November 2017, the Financial Action Task Force on money laundering and terrorist financing listed Sri Lanka as non-compliant, but reported subsequently that Sri Lanka had made good progress in implementing an action plan to address deficiencies. ++ Tourism has experienced strong growth in the years since the resolution of the government's 26-year conflict with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. In 2017, the government promulgated plans to transform the country into a knowledge-based, export-oriented Indian Ocean hub by 2025." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$275.8 billion (2017 est.) / $267 billion (2016 est.) / $255.6 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 61 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$87.35 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "2.29% (2019 est.) / 3.32% (2018 est.) / 3.58% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 123 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "4.3% (2019 est.) / 4.2% (2018 est.) / 6.5% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 174 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "CCC (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Caa1 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "CCC+ (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$256.006 billion (2019 est.) / $250.29 billion (2018 est.) / $242.28 billion (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$84.016 billion (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$12,900 (2017 est.) / $12,600 (2016 est.) / $12,200 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 121 + "text": "$4,103 (2019 est.) / $4,030 (2018 est.) / $3,919 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 163 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "33.8% of GDP (2017 est.) / 32.8% of GDP (2016 est.) / 28.8% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 20 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "7.8% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "30.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "61.7% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "62% (2017 est.)" @@ -580,16 +605,8 @@ "text": "-29.1% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "7.8% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "30.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "61.7% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "73.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, sugarcane, grains, pulses, oilseed, spices, vegetables, fruit, tea, rubber, coconuts; milk, eggs, hides, beef; fish" @@ -618,7 +635,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "4.83% (2019 est.) / 4.44% (2018 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 71 + "country comparison to the world": 72 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "6.7% (2012 est.)" @@ -655,17 +672,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "6.5% (2017 est.) / 4% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 190 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$10 million (2019 est.) / -$17 million (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 69 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$11.36 billion (2017 est.) / $10.31 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 87 + "text": "$16.322 billion (2019 est.) / $15.238 billion (2018 est.) / $15.166 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 82 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 24.6%, UK 9%, India 5.8%, Singapore 4.5%, Germany 4.3%, Italy 4.3% (2017)" @@ -674,8 +687,8 @@ "text": "textiles and apparel, tea and spices; rubber manufactures; precious stones; coconut products, fish" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$20.98 billion (2017 est.) / $19.18 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 73 + "text": "$24.984 billion (2019 est.) / $26.521 billion (2018 est.) / $26.063 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 74 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum, textiles, machinery and transportation equipment, building materials, mineral products, foodstuffs" @@ -692,7 +705,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 64 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Sri Lankan rupees (LKR) per US dollar - / 154.1 (2017 est.) / 145.58 (2016 est.) / 145.58 (2015 est.) / 135.86 (2014 est.) / 130.57 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Sri Lankan rupees (LKR) per US dollar - / 185.8 (2020 est.) / 181.2 (2019 est.) / 178.545 (2018 est.) / 135.86 (2014 est.) / 130.57 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -723,7 +736,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "52% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 146 + "country comparison to the world": 145 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/south-asia/in.json b/south-asia/in.json index ece51f84..fdfc685f 100644 --- a/south-asia/in.json +++ b/south-asia/in.json @@ -180,19 +180,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "1.1% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 96 + "country comparison to the world": 95 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "18.2 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 87 + "country comparison to the world": 86 }, "Death rate": { "text": "7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 113 + "country comparison to the world": 112 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 85 + "country comparison to the world": 84 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "with the notable exception of the deserts in the northwest, including the Thar Desert, and the mountain fringe in the north, a very high population density exists throughout most of the country; the core of the population is in the north along the banks of the Ganges, with other river valleys and southern coastal areas also having large population concentrations" @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ "female": { "text": "36.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 45 + "country comparison to the world": 44 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "2.35 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 81 + "country comparison to the world": 80 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "53.5% (2015/16)" @@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ "animal contact diseases": { "text": "rabies" }, - "note": "note: clusters of cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are being reported across 27 States and Union Territories in India; as of 10 November 2020, India has reported a total of 8,507,754 cases of COVID-19 or 6,165 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 91 cumulative deaths per 1 million population; on 16 March 2020, the government proposed extensive social distancing measures, including closure of all schools, museums, and cultural and social centers; prohibited gatherings of more than 50 people; and called on the public to avoid all non-essential travel; international commercial passenger flights remain suspended" + "note": "note: clusters of cases of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are being reported across 27 States and Union Territories in India; as of 8 December 2020, India has reported a total of 9,644,222 cases of COVID-19 or 6,989 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 102 cumulative deaths per 1 million population; on 16 March 2020, the government proposed extensive social distancing measures, including closure of all schools, museums, and cultural and social centers; prohibited gatherings of more than 50 people; and called on the public to avoid all non-essential travel; international commercial passenger flights remain suspended" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "3.9% (2016)", @@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "3.8% of GDP (2013)", - "country comparison to the world": 112 + "country comparison to the world": 104 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -547,30 +547,55 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "India's diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of services. Slightly less than half of the workforce is in agriculture, but services are the major source of economic growth, accounting for nearly two-thirds of India's output but employing less than one-third of its labor force. India has capitalized on its large educated English-speaking population to become a major exporter of information technology services, business outsourcing services, and software workers. Nevertheless, per capita income remains below the world average. India is developing into an open-market economy, yet traces of its past autarkic policies remain. Economic liberalization measures, including industrial deregulation, privatization of state-owned enterprises, and reduced controls on foreign trade and investment, began in the early 1990s and served to accelerate the country's growth, which averaged nearly 7% per year from 1997 to 2017. ++ India's economic growth slowed in 2011 because of a decline in investment caused by high interest rates, rising inflation, and investor pessimism about the government's commitment to further economic reforms and about slow world growth. Investors' perceptions of India improved in early 2014, due to a reduction of the current account deficit and expectations of post-election economic reform, resulting in a surge of inbound capital flows and stabilization of the rupee. Growth rebounded in 2014 through 2016. Despite a high growth rate compared to the rest of the world, India's government-owned banks faced mounting bad debt, resulting in low credit growth. Rising macroeconomic imbalances in India and improving economic conditions in Western countries led investors to shift capital away from India, prompting a sharp depreciation of the rupee through 2016. ++ The economy slowed again in 2017, due to shocks of \"demonetizaton\" in 2016 and introduction of GST in 2017. Since the election, the government has passed an important goods and services tax bill and raised foreign direct investment caps in some sectors, but most economic reforms have focused on administrative and governance changes, largely because the ruling party remains a minority in India's upper house of Parliament, which must approve most bills. ++ India has a young population and corresponding low dependency ratio, healthy savings and investment rates, and is increasing integration into the global economy. However, long-term challenges remain significant, including: India's discrimination against women and girls, an inefficient power generation and distribution system, ineffective enforcement of intellectual property rights, decades-long civil litigation dockets, inadequate transport and agricultural infrastructure, limited non-agricultural employment opportunities, high spending and poorly targeted subsidies, inadequate availability of quality basic and higher education, and accommodating rural-to-urban migration." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$9.474 trillion (2017 est.) / $8.88 trillion (2016 est.) / $8.291 trillion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 3 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$2.602 trillion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "4.86% (2019 est.) / 6.78% (2018 est.) / 6.55% (2017 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 52 }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "3.7% (2019 est.) / 3.9% (2018 est.) / 3.3% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 160 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "BBB- (2006)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "Baa3 (2020)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "BBB- (2007)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$8,976,876,000,000 (2019 est.) / $8,561,601,000,000 (2018 est.) / $8,019,777,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$2,835,927,000,000 (2019 est.)" + }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$7,200 (2017 est.) / $6,800 (2016 est.) / $6,500 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 156 + "text": "$2,100 (2019 est.) / $2,023 (2018 est.) / $1,915 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 189 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "28.8% of GDP (2017 est.) / 29.7% of GDP (2016 est.) / 30.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 36 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "15.4% (2016 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "23% (2016 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "61.5% (2016 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "59.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -591,16 +616,8 @@ "text": "-22% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "15.4% (2016 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "23% (2016 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "61.5% (2016 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "71.0 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, lentils, onions, potatoes; dairy products, sheep, goats, poultry; fish" @@ -629,7 +646,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "8.5% (2017 est.) / 8.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 130 + "country comparison to the world": 131 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "21.9% (2011 est.)" @@ -666,17 +683,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 April - 31 March" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "3.6% (2017 est.) / 4.5% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 143 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$29.748 billion (2019 est.) / -$65.939 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 199 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$304.1 billion (2017 est.) / $268.6 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 19 + "text": "$572.073 billion (2019 est.) / $564.165 billion (2018 est.) / $509.661 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 12 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 15.6%, UAE 10.2%, Hong Kong 4.9%, China 4.3% (2017)" @@ -685,8 +698,8 @@ "text": "petroleum products, precious stones, vehicles, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceutical products, cereals, apparel" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$452.2 billion (2017 est.) / $376.1 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 11 + "text": "$624.314 billion (2019 est.) / $656.529 billion (2018 est.) / $575.121 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 10 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "crude oil, precious stones, machinery, chemicals, fertilizer, plastics, iron and steel" @@ -703,7 +716,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 24 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Indian rupees (INR) per US dollar - / 65.17 (2017 est.) / 67.195 (2016 est.) / 67.195 (2015 est.) / 64.152 (2014 est.) / 61.03 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Indian rupees (INR) per US dollar - / 73.565 (2020 est.) / 71.05 (2019 est.) / 70.7675 (2018 est.) / 64.152 (2014 est.) / 61.03 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -743,7 +756,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "71% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 104 + "country comparison to the world": 103 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "2% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/south-asia/io.json b/south-asia/io.json index 59a6e208..9eaff80f 100644 --- a/south-asia/io.json +++ b/south-asia/io.json @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ "text": "54,340 sq km" }, "note": "note: includes the entire Chagos Archipelago of 55 islands", - "country comparison to the world": 230 + "country comparison to the world": 229 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "land area is about one-third the size of Washington, DC" @@ -140,9 +140,11 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "All economic activity is concentrated on the largest island of Diego Garcia, where a joint UK-US military facility is located. Construction projects and various services needed to support the military installation are performed by military and contract employees from the UK, Mauritius, the Philippines, and the US. Some of the natural resources found in this territory include coconuts, fish, and sugarcane." }, + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + }, "Exchange rates": { "note": "the US dollar is used" } @@ -172,7 +174,7 @@ "Transportation": { "Airports": { "text": "1 (2020)", - "country comparison to the world": 215 + "country comparison to the world": 214 }, "Airports - with paved runways": { "total": { diff --git a/south-asia/mv.json b/south-asia/mv.json index 8fe9620f..acab76d7 100644 --- a/south-asia/mv.json +++ b/south-asia/mv.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "0 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 210 + "country comparison to the world": 209 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "about 1.7 times the size of Washington, DC" @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ "People and Society": { "Population": { "text": "391,904 (July 2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 177 + "country comparison to the world": 176 }, "Nationality": { "noun": { @@ -172,19 +172,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "-0.08% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "16 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 111 + "country comparison to the world": 110 }, "Death rate": { "text": "4.1 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 213 + "country comparison to the world": 212 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-12.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 221 + "country comparison to the world": 220 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "about a third of the population lives in the centrally located capital city of Male and almost a tenth in southern Addu City; the remainder of the populace is spread over the 200 or so populated islands of the archipelago" @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ "female": { "text": "17.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 78 + "country comparison to the world": 77 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.71 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 171 + "country comparison to the world": 170 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "18.8% (2016/17)" @@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "4.1% of GDP (2016)", - "country comparison to the world": 97 + "country comparison to the world": 93 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador THILMEEZA Hussain (since 8 July 2019)" + "text": "Ambassador THILMEEZA Hussain (since 8 July 2019); There is currently no Maldives Embassy in Washington, DC, but its permanent representative to the United Nations in New York is accredited currently as ambassador to the United States. Jul 27, 2020 (2020)" }, "chancery": { "text": "801 Second Avenue, Suite 400E, New York, NY 10017" @@ -487,30 +487,52 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Maldives has quickly become a middle-income country, driven by the rapid growth of its tourism and fisheries sectors, but the country still contends with a large and growing fiscal deficit. Infrastructure projects, largely funded by China, could add significantly to debt levels. Political turmoil and the declaration of a state of emergency in February 2018 led to the issuance of travel warnings by several countries whose citizens visit Maldives in significant numbers, but the overall impact on tourism revenue was unclear. ++ In 2015, Maldives' Parliament passed a constitutional amendment legalizing foreign ownership of land; foreign land-buyers must reclaim at least 70% of the desired land from the ocean and invest at least $1 billion in a construction project approved by Parliament. ++ Diversifying the economy beyond tourism and fishing, reforming public finance, increasing employment opportunities, and combating corruption, cronyism, and a growing drug problem are near-term challenges facing the government. Over the longer term, Maldivian authorities worry about the impact of erosion and possible global warming on their low-lying country; 80% of the area is 1 meter or less above sea level." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "4.8% (2017 est.) / 4.5% (2016 est.) / 2.2% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 54 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "2.3% (2017 est.) / 0.8% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 123 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "CCC (2020)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B3 (2020)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$6.901 billion (2017 est.) / $6.583 billion (2016 est.) / $6.3 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 168 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$4.505 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "4.8% (2017 est.) / 4.5% (2016 est.) / 2.2% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 54 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$19,200 (2017 est.) / $18,600 (2016 est.) / $18,100 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 93 + "country comparison to the world": 75 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "0.5% of GDP (2017 est.) / -4.5% of GDP (2016 est.) / 12.6% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 180 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "3% (2015 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "16% (2015 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "81% (2015 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "NA (2016 est.)" @@ -531,16 +553,8 @@ "text": "89% (2016 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "3% (2015 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "16% (2015 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "81% (2015 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "89.2 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "coconuts, corn, sweet potatoes; fish" @@ -569,7 +583,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "2.9% (2017 est.) / 3.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 35 + "country comparison to the world": 36 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "15% (2009 est.)" @@ -605,17 +619,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "calendar year" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "2.3% (2017 est.) / 0.8% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 116 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$876 million (2017 est.) / -$1.033 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 140 }, "Exports": { "text": "$256.2 million (2016 est.) / $239.8 million (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 187 + "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Thailand 42.8%, Sri Lanka 8.7%, Bangladesh 6.4%, France 6.2%, US 6.1%, Germany 5%, Ireland 4.6% (2017)" @@ -625,7 +635,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$2.125 billion (2016 est.) / $1.896 billion (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 165 + "country comparison to the world": 170 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum products, clothing, intermediate and capital goods" @@ -673,7 +683,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "96% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 40 + "country comparison to the world": 39 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", @@ -889,7 +899,7 @@ }, "Terrorism": { "Terrorist group(s)": { - "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) (2019)", + "text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) (2020)", "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T" } }, diff --git a/south-asia/np.json b/south-asia/np.json index 59681d1f..ebf8b063 100644 --- a/south-asia/np.json +++ b/south-asia/np.json @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ "water": { "text": "3,830 sq km" }, - "country comparison to the world": 96 + "country comparison to the world": 95 }, "Area - comparative": { "text": "slightly larger than New York state" @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ "text": "Kanchan Kalan 70 m" }, "highest point": { - "text": "Mount Everest (highest peak in Asia and highest point on earth above sea level) 8,848 m" + "text": "Mount Everest (highest peak in Asia and highest point on earth above sea level) 8,849 m" } }, "Natural resources": { @@ -170,19 +170,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "0.98% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 107 + "country comparison to the world": 106 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "18.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 89 + "country comparison to the world": 88 }, "Death rate": { "text": "5.7 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 177 + "country comparison to the world": 176 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-3.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 178 + "country comparison to the world": 177 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "most of the population is divided nearly equally between a concentration in the southern-most plains of the Tarai region and the central hilly region; overall density is quite low" @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ "female": { "text": "23.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)" }, - "country comparison to the world": 68 + "country comparison to the world": 67 }, "Life expectancy at birth": { "total population": { @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "1.96 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 117 + "country comparison to the world": 116 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "52.6% (2016/17)" @@ -316,8 +316,8 @@ "country comparison to the world": 11 }, "Education expenditures": { - "text": "5.2% of GDP (2018)", - "country comparison to the world": 56 + "text": "5.1% of GDP (2018)", + "country comparison to the world": 55 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -530,30 +530,46 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Nepal is among the least developed countries in the world, with about one-quarter of its population living below the poverty line. Nepal is heavily dependent on remittances, which amount to as much as 30% of GDP. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing a livelihood for almost two-thirds of the population but accounting for less than a third of GDP. Industrial activity mainly involves the processing of agricultural products, including pulses, jute, sugarcane, tobacco, and grain. ++ Nepal has considerable scope for exploiting its potential in hydropower, with an estimated 42,000 MW of commercially feasible capacity. Nepal has signed trade and investment agreements with India, China, and other countries, but political uncertainty and a difficult business climate have hampered foreign investment. The United States and Nepal signed a $500 million Millennium Challenge Corporation Compact in September 2017 which will expand Nepal's electricity infrastructure and help maintain transportation infrastructure. ++ Massive earthquakes struck Nepal in early 2015, which damaged or destroyed infrastructure and homes and set back economic development. Although political gridlock and lack of capacity have hindered post-earthquake recovery, government-led reconstruction efforts have progressively picked up speed, although many hard hit areas still have seen little assistance. Additional challenges to Nepal's growth include its landlocked geographic location, inconsistent electricity supply, and underdeveloped transportation infrastructure." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "7.9% (2017 est.) / 0.6% (2016 est.) / 3.3% (2015 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 8 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "4.5% (2017 est.) / 9.9% (2016 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 177 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$79.19 billion (2017 est.) / $73.39 billion (2016 est.) / $72.96 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 95 + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$24.88 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "7.9% (2017 est.) / 0.6% (2016 est.) / 3.3% (2015 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 9 - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$2,700 (2017 est.) / $2,500 (2016 est.) / $2,500 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars", - "country comparison to the world": 195 + "country comparison to the world": 181 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "45.4% of GDP (2017 est.) / 40.2% of GDP (2016 est.) / 44% of GDP (2015 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 7 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "27% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "13.5% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "59.5% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "78% (2017 est.)" @@ -574,16 +590,8 @@ "text": "-42% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "27% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "13.5% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "59.5% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "81.7 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "pulses, rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, jute, root crops; milk, water buffalo meat" @@ -613,7 +621,7 @@ }, "Unemployment rate": { "text": "3% (2017 est.) / 3.2% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 37 + "country comparison to the world": 38 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "25.2% (2011 est.)" @@ -649,10 +657,6 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "16 July - 15 July" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.5% (2017 est.) / 9.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 168 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$93 million (2017 est.) / $1.339 billion (2016 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 85 @@ -669,7 +673,7 @@ }, "Imports": { "text": "$10 billion (2017 est.) / $8.764 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 101 + "country comparison to the world": 107 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum products, machinery and equipment, gold, electrical goods, medicine" @@ -726,7 +730,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "5% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 203 + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/south-asia/pk.json b/south-asia/pk.json index eb9ccba9..38d62aab 100644 --- a/south-asia/pk.json +++ b/south-asia/pk.json @@ -180,19 +180,19 @@ }, "Population growth rate": { "text": "2.07% (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 45 + "country comparison to the world": 44 }, "Birth rate": { "text": "27.4 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 41 + "country comparison to the world": 40 }, "Death rate": { "text": "6.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 156 + "country comparison to the world": 155 }, "Net migration rate": { "text": "-0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 140 + "country comparison to the world": 139 }, "Population distribution": { "text": "the Indus River and its tributaries attract most of the settlement, with Punjab province the most densely populated" @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ }, "Total fertility rate": { "text": "3.6 children born/woman (2020 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 40 + "country comparison to the world": 39 }, "Contraceptive prevalence rate": { "text": "34.2% (2017/18)" @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ "animal contact diseases": { "text": "rabies" }, - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Pakistan; as of 10 November 2020, Pakistan has reported a total of 341,753 cases of COVID-19 or 1,547 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 31 cumulative deaths per 1 million population; the Government of Pakistan will permit commercial outbound passenger flights from all international airports except Gwadar and Turbat effective 30 May 2020, but inbound passenger flights remain suspended; limited domestic flight operations from five major airports – Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, and Quetta are available; on 7 May 2020, the Government of Pakistan announced an ease in some of the nationwide lockdown restrictions; additionally, the Islamabad Capital Territory and Sindh, Punjab, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces have varying degrees of lockdowns" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Pakistan; as of 8 December 2020, Pakistan has reported a total of 413,191 cases of COVID-19 or 1,871 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 1 million population with 38 cumulative deaths per 1 million population; the Government of Pakistan will permit commercial outbound passenger flights from all international airports except Gwadar and Turbat effective 30 May 2020, but inbound passenger flights remain suspended; limited domestic flight operations from five major airports – Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, and Quetta are available; on 7 May 2020, the Government of Pakistan announced an ease in some of the nationwide lockdown restrictions; additionally, the Islamabad Capital Territory and Sindh, Punjab, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces have varying degrees of lockdowns" }, "Obesity - adult prevalence rate": { "text": "8.6% (2016)", @@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "2.9% of GDP (2017)", - "country comparison to the world": 142 + "country comparison to the world": 137 }, "Literacy": { "definition": { @@ -551,32 +551,57 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "Decades of internal political disputes and low levels of foreign investment have led to underdevelopment in Pakistan. Pakistan has a large English-speaking population, with English-language skills less prevalent outside urban centers. Despite some progress in recent years in both security and energy, a challenging security environment, electricity shortages, and a burdensome investment climate have traditionally deterred investors. Agriculture accounts for one-fifth of output and two-fifths of employment. Textiles and apparel account for more than half of Pakistan's export earnings; Pakistan's failure to diversify its exports has left the country vulnerable to shifts in world demand. Pakistan's GDP growth has gradually increased since 2012, and was 5.3% in 2017. Official unemployment was 6% in 2017, but this fails to capture the true picture, because much of the economy is informal and underemployment remains high. Human development continues to lag behind most of the region. ++ In 2013, Pakistan embarked on a $6.3 billion IMF Extended Fund Facility, which focused on reducing energy shortages, stabilizing public finances, increasing revenue collection, and improving its balance of payments position. The program concluded in September 2016. Although Pakistan missed several structural reform criteria, it restored macroeconomic stability, improved its credit rating, and boosted growth. The Pakistani rupee has remained relatively stable against the US dollar since 2015, though it declined about 10% between November 2017 and March 2018. Balance of payments concerns have reemerged, however, as a result of a significant increase in imports and weak export and remittance growth. ++ Pakistan must continue to address several longstanding issues, including expanding investment in education, healthcare, and sanitation; adapting to the effects of climate change and natural disasters; improving the country's business environment; and widening the country's tax base. Given demographic challenges, Pakistan's leadership will be pressed to implement economic reforms, promote further development of the energy sector, and attract foreign investment to support sufficient economic growth necessary to employ its growing and rapidly urbanizing population, much of which is under the age of 25. ++ In an effort to boost development, Pakistan and China are implementing the \"China-Pakistan Economic Corridor\" (CPEC) with $60 billion in investments targeted towards energy and other infrastructure projects. Pakistan believes CPEC investments will enable growth rates of over 6% of GDP by laying the groundwork for increased exports. CPEC-related obligations, however, have raised IMF concern about Pakistan's capital outflows and external financing needs over the medium term." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { - "text": "$1.061 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.007 trillion (2016 est.) / $962.8 billion (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars ++ data are for fiscal years", - "country comparison to the world": 25 - }, - "GDP (official exchange rate)": { - "text": "$305 billion (2017 est.)" - }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { + "GDP real growth rate": { "text": "5.4% (2017 est.) / 4.6% (2016 est.) / 4.1% (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are for fiscal years", - "country comparison to the world": 37 + "country comparison to the world": 36 + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "9.3% (2019 est.) / 5.2% (2018 est.) / 4.2% (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 208 + }, + "Credit ratings": { + "Fitch rating": { + "text": "B- (2018)" + }, + "Moody's rating": { + "text": "B3 (2015)" + }, + "Standard & Poors rating": { + "text": "B- (2019)" + } + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { + "text": "$1,197,079,000,000 (2018 est.) / $1.061 trillion (2017 est.) / $1,182,544,000,000 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars ++ data are for fiscal years" + }, + "GDP (official exchange rate)": { + "text": "$253.183 billion (2019 est.)" }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { - "text": "$5,400 (2017 est.) / $5,200 (2016 est.) / $5,100 (2015 est.)", - "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars ++ data are for fiscal years", - "country comparison to the world": 171 + "text": "$1,404 (2019 est.) / $1,426 (2018 est.) / $1,441 (2017 est.)", + "note": "note: data are in 2010 dollars", + "country comparison to the world": 202 }, "Gross national saving": { "text": "12% of GDP (2017 est.) / 13.9% of GDP (2016 est.) / 14.7% of GDP (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are for fiscal years", "country comparison to the world": 151 }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "24.4% (2016 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "19.1% (2016 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "56.5% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "82% (2017 est.)" @@ -597,16 +622,8 @@ "text": "-17.6% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "24.4% (2016 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "19.1% (2016 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "56.5% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { + "text": "89.3 (2020)" }, "Agriculture - products": { "text": "cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs" @@ -637,7 +654,7 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "text": "6% (2017 est.) / 6% (2016 est.)", "note": "note: Pakistan has substantial underemployment", - "country comparison to the world": 96 + "country comparison to the world": 97 }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "29.5% (FY2013 est.)" @@ -674,17 +691,13 @@ "Fiscal year": { "text": "1 July - 30 June" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "4.1% (2017 est.) / 2.9% (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 161 - }, "Current account balance": { "text": "-$7.143 billion (2019 est.) / -$19.482 billion (2018 est.)", "country comparison to the world": 188 }, "Exports": { - "text": "$32.88 billion (2017 est.) / $21.97 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 60 + "text": "$31.517 billion (2019 est.) / $27.604 billion (2018 est.) / $25.613 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 69 }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "US 17.7%, UK 7.7%, China 6%, Germany 5.8%, Afghanistan 5.2%, UAE 4.5%, Spain 4.1% (2017)" @@ -693,8 +706,8 @@ "text": "textiles (garments, bed linen, cotton cloth, yarn), rice, leather goods, sporting goods, chemicals, manufactures, surgical instruments, carpets and rugs" }, "Imports": { - "text": "$53.11 billion (2017 est.) / $42.69 billion (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 51 + "text": "$42.27 billion (2019 est.) / $51.602 billion (2018 est.) / $47.165 billion (2017 est.)", + "country comparison to the world": 66 }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper and paperboard, iron and steel, tea" @@ -711,7 +724,7 @@ "country comparison to the world": 55 }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "Pakistani rupees (PKR) per US dollar - / 105.1 (2017 est.) / 104.769 (2016 est.) / 104.769 (2015 est.) / 102.769 (2014 est.) / 101.1 (2013 est.)" + "text": "Pakistani rupees (PKR) per US dollar - / 160.425 (2020 est.) / 155.04 (2019 est.) / 138.8 (2018 est.) / 102.769 (2014 est.) / 101.1 (2013 est.)" } }, "Energy": { @@ -751,7 +764,7 @@ }, "Electricity - from fossil fuels": { "text": "62% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)", - "country comparison to the world": 125 + "country comparison to the world": 124 }, "Electricity - from nuclear fuels": { "text": "5% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)", diff --git a/world/xx.json b/world/xx.json index 323c99dd..30938353 100644 --- a/world/xx.json +++ b/world/xx.json @@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ "text": "Denman Glacier (Antarctica) more than -3,500 m (in the oceanic realm, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench is the lowest point, lying -10,924 m below the surface of the Pacific Ocean)" }, "highest point": { - "text": "Mount Everest 8,848 m" + "text": "Mount Everest 8,849 m" }, - "note": "top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level): Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,848 m; K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m; Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m; Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m; Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m; Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m; Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m; Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m; Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m; Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m; note - Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m ++ top ten highest island peaks: Puncak Jaya (New Guinea) 4,884 m (Indonesia)*; Mauna Kea (Hawaii) 4,207 m (United States); Gunung Kinabalu (Borneo) 4,095 m (Malaysia)*; Yu Shan (Taiwan) 3,952 (Taiwan)*; Mount Kerinci (Sumatra) 3,805 m (Indonesia); Mount Erebus (Ross Island) 3,794 (Antarctica); Mount Fuji (Honshu) 3,776 m (Japan)*; Mount Rinjani (Lombok) 3,726 m (Indonesia); Aoraki-Mount Cook (South Island) 3,724 m (New Zealand)*; Pico de Teide (Tenerife) 3,718 m (Spain)*; note - * indicates the highest peak for that Factbook entry ++ highest point on each continent: Asia - Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,848 m; South America - Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina) 6,960 m; North America - Denali (Mount McKinley) (United States) 6,190 m; Africa - Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) 5,895 m; Europe - El'brus (Russia) 5,633 m; Antarctica - Vinson Massif 4,897 m; Australia - Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m ++ highest capital on each continent: South America - La Paz (Bolivia) 3,640 m; Africa - Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) 2,355 m; Asia - Thimphu (Bhutan) 2,334 m; North America - Mexico City (Mexico) 2,240 m; Europe - Andorra la Vella (Andorra) 1,023 m; Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m ++ lowest point on each continent: Antarctica - Denman Glacier more than -3,500 m; Asia - Dead Sea (Israel-Jordan) -431 m; Africa - Lac Assal (Djibouti) -155 m; South America - Laguna del Carbon (Argentina) -105 m; North America - Death Valley (United States) -86 m; Europe - Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia) -28 m; Australia - Lake Eyre -15 m ++ lowest capital on each continent: Asia - Baku (Azerbaijan) -28 m; Europe - Amsterdam (Netherlands) -2 m; Africa - Banjul (Gambia); Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Conakry (Guinea), Djibouti (Djibouti), Libreville (Gabon), Male (Maldives), Monrovia (Liberia), Tunis (Tunisia), Victoria (Seychelles) 0 m; North America - Basseterre (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Kingstown (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), Panama City (Panama), Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago), Roseau (Dominica), Saint John's (Antigua and Barbuda), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) 0 m; South America - Georgetown (Guyana) 0 m; Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m" + "note": "top ten highest mountains (measured from sea level): Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,849 m; K2 (Pakistan) 8,611 m; Kanchenjunga (India-Nepal) 8,598 m; Lhotse (Nepal) 8,516 m; Makalu (China-Nepal) 8,463 m; Cho Oyu (China-Nepal) 8,201 m; Dhaulagiri (Nepal) 8,167 m; Manaslu (Nepal) 8,163 m; Nanga Parbat (Pakistan) 8,125 m; Anapurna (Nepal) 8,091 m; note - Mauna Kea (United States) is the world's tallest mountain as measured from base to summit; the peak of this volcanic colossus lies on the island of Hawaii, but its base begins more than 70 km offshore and at a depth of about 6,000 m; total height estimates range from 9,966 m to 10,203 m ++ top ten highest island peaks: Puncak Jaya (New Guinea) 4,884 m (Indonesia)*; Mauna Kea (Hawaii) 4,207 m (United States); Gunung Kinabalu (Borneo) 4,095 m (Malaysia)*; Yu Shan (Taiwan) 3,952 (Taiwan)*; Mount Kerinci (Sumatra) 3,805 m (Indonesia); Mount Erebus (Ross Island) 3,794 (Antarctica); Mount Fuji (Honshu) 3,776 m (Japan)*; Mount Rinjani (Lombok) 3,726 m (Indonesia); Aoraki-Mount Cook (South Island) 3,724 m (New Zealand)*; Pico de Teide (Tenerife) 3,718 m (Spain)*; note - * indicates the highest peak for that Factbook entry ++ highest point on each continent: Asia - Mount Everest (China-Nepal) 8,849 m; South America - Cerro Aconcagua (Argentina) 6,960 m; North America - Denali (Mount McKinley) (United States) 6,190 m; Africa - Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) 5,895 m; Europe - El'brus (Russia) 5,633 m; Antarctica - Vinson Massif 4,897 m; Australia - Mount Kosciuszko 2,229 m ++ highest capital on each continent: South America - La Paz (Bolivia) 3,640 m; Africa - Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) 2,355 m; Asia - Thimphu (Bhutan) 2,334 m; North America - Mexico City (Mexico) 2,240 m; Europe - Andorra la Vella (Andorra) 1,023 m; Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m ++ lowest point on each continent: Antarctica - Denman Glacier more than -3,500 m; Asia - Dead Sea (Israel-Jordan) -431 m; Africa - Lac Assal (Djibouti) -155 m; South America - Laguna del Carbon (Argentina) -105 m; North America - Death Valley (United States) -86 m; Europe - Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia) -28 m; Australia - Lake Eyre -15 m ++ lowest capital on each continent: Asia - Baku (Azerbaijan) -28 m; Europe - Amsterdam (Netherlands) -2 m; Africa - Banjul (Gambia); Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Conakry (Guinea), Djibouti (Djibouti), Libreville (Gabon), Male (Maldives), Monrovia (Liberia), Tunis (Tunisia), Victoria (Seychelles) 0 m; North America - Basseterre (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Kingstown (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), Panama City (Panama), Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago), Roseau (Dominica), Saint John's (Antigua and Barbuda), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) 0 m; South America - Georgetown (Guyana) 0 m; Australia - Canberra (Australia) 605 m" }, "Natural resources": { "text": "the rapid depletion of nonrenewable mineral resources, the depletion of forest areas and wetlands, the extinction of animal and plant species, and the deterioration in air and water quality pose serious long-term problems" @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ "text": "690,000 (2019 est.)" }, "Major infectious diseases": { - "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring globally; older adults and people of any age with serious chronic medical conditions are at increased risk for severe disease; some health care systems are becoming overwhelmed and there may be limited access to adequate medical care in affected areas; many countries are implementing travel restrictions and mandatory quarantines, closing borders, and prohibiting non-citizens from entry with little advance notice; US residents may have difficulty returning to the United States; as of 10 November 2020, 49,727,316 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 1,248,373 deaths have been reported to the World Health Organization" + "note": "note: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring globally; older adults and people of any age with serious chronic medical conditions are at increased risk for severe disease; some health care systems are becoming overwhelmed and there may be limited access to adequate medical care in affected areas; many countries are implementing travel restrictions and mandatory quarantines, closing borders, and prohibiting non-citizens from entry with little advance notice; US residents may have difficulty returning to the United States; as of 8 December 2020, 65,872,391 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 1,523,656 deaths have been reported to the World Health Organization" }, "Education expenditures": { "text": "NA" @@ -316,19 +316,25 @@ } }, "Economy": { - "Economy - overview": { + "Economic overview": { "text": "The international financial crisis of 2008-09 led to the first downturn in global output since 1946 and presented the world with a major new challenge: determining what mix of fiscal and monetary policies to follow to restore growth and jobs, while keeping inflation and debt under control. Financial stabilization and stimulus programs that started in 2009-11, combined with lower tax revenues in 2009-10, required most countries to run large budget deficits. Treasuries issued new public debt - totaling $9.1 trillion since 2008 - to pay for the additional expenditures. To keep interest rates low, most central banks monetized that debt, injecting large sums of money into their economies - between December 2008 and December 2013 the global money supply increased by more than 35%. Governments are now faced with the difficult task of spurring current growth and employment without saddling their economies with so much debt that they sacrifice long-term growth and financial stability. When economic activity picks up, central banks will confront the difficult task of containing inflation without raising interest rates so high they snuff out further growth. ++ Fiscal and monetary data for 2013 are currently available for 180 countries, which together account for 98.5% of world GDP. Of the 180 countries, 82 pursued unequivocally expansionary policies, boosting government spending while also expanding their money supply relatively rapidly - faster than the world average of 3.1%; 28 followed restrictive fiscal and monetary policies, reducing government spending and holding money growth to less than the 3.1% average; and the remaining 70 followed a mix of counterbalancing fiscal and monetary policies, either reducing government spending while accelerating money growth, or boosting spending while curtailing money growth. ++ (For more information, see attached spreadsheet.) ++ In 2013, for many countries the drive for fiscal austerity that began in 2011 abated. While 5 out of 6 countries slowed spending in 2012, only 1 in 2 countries slowed spending in 2013. About 1 in 3 countries actually lowered the level of their expenditures. The global growth rate for government expenditures increased from 1.6% in 2012 to 5.1% in 2013, after falling from a 10.1% growth rate in 2011. On the other hand, nearly 2 out of 3 central banks tightened monetary policy in 2013, decelerating the rate of growth of their money supply, compared with only 1 out of 3 in 2012. Roughly 1 of 4 central banks actually withdrew money from circulation, an increase from 1 out of 7 in 2012. Growth of the global money supply, as measured by the narrowly defined M1, slowed from 8.7% in 2009 and 10.4% in 2010 to 5.2% in 2011, 4.6% in 2012, and 3.1% in 2013. Several notable shifts occurred in 2013. By cutting government expenditures and expanding money supplies, the US and Canada moved against the trend in the rest of the world. France reversed course completely. Rather than reducing expenditures and money as it had in 2012, it expanded both. Germany reversed its fiscal policy, sharply expanding federal spending, while continuing to grow the money supply. South Korea shifted monetary policy into high gear, while maintaining a strongly expansionary fiscal policy. Japan, however, continued to pursue austere fiscal and monetary policies. ++ Austere economic policies have significantly affected economic performance. The global budget deficit narrowed to roughly $2.7 trillion in 2012 and $2.1 trillion in 2013, or 3.8% and 2.5% of World GDP, respectively. But growth of the world economy slipped from 5.1% in 2010 and 3.7% in 2011, to just 3.1% in 2012, and 2.9% in 2013. ++ Countries with expansionary fiscal and monetary policies achieved significantly higher rates of growth, higher growth of tax revenues, and greater success reducing the public debt burden than those countries that chose contractionary policies. In 2013, the 82 countries that followed a pro-growth approach achieved a median GDP growth rate of 4.7%, compared to 1.7% for the 28 countries with restrictive fiscal and monetary policies, a difference of 3 percentage points. Among the 82, China grew 7.7%, Philippines 6.8%, Malaysia 4.7%, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia 3.6%, Argentina 3.5%, South Korea 2.8%, and Russia 1.3%, while among the 28, Brazil grew 2.3%, Japan 2.0%, South Africa 2.0%, Netherlands -0.8%, Croatia -1.0%, Iran -1.5%, Portugal -1.8%, Greece -3.8%, and Cyprus -8.7%. ++ Faster GDP growth and lower unemployment rates translated into increased tax revenues and a less cumbersome debt burden. Revenues for the 82 expansionary countries grew at a median rate of 10.7%, whereas tax revenues fell at a median rate of 6.8% for the 28 countries that chose austere economic policies. Budget balances improved for about three-quarters of the 28, but, for most, debt grew faster than GDP, and the median level of their public debt as a share of GDP increased 9.1 percentage points, to 59.2%. On the other hand, budget balances deteriorated for most of the 82 pro-growth countries, but GDP growth outpaced increases in debt, and the median level of public debt as a share of GDP increased just 1.9%, to 39.8%. ++ The world recession has suppressed inflation rates - world inflation declined 1.0 percentage point in 2012 to about 4.1% and 0.2 percentage point to 3.9% in 2013. In 2013 the median inflation rate for the 82 pro-growth countries was 1.3 percentage points higher than that for the countries that followed more austere fiscal and monetary policies. Overall, the latter countries also improved their current account balances by shedding imports; as a result, current account balances deteriorated for most of the countries that pursued pro-growth policies. Slow growth of world income continued to hold import demand in check and crude oil prices fell. Consequently, the dollar value of world trade grew just 1.3% in 2013. ++ Beyond the current global slowdown, the world faces several long standing economic challenges. The addition of 80 million people each year to an already overcrowded globe is exacerbating the problems of pollution, waste-disposal, epidemics, water-shortages, famine, over-fishing of oceans, deforestation, desertification, and depletion of non-renewable resources. The nation-state, as a bedrock economic-political institution, is steadily losing control over international flows of people, goods, services, funds, and technology. The introduction of the euro as the common currency of much of Western Europe in January 1999, while paving the way for an integrated economic powerhouse, has created economic risks because the participating nations have varying income levels and growth rates, and hence, require a different mix of monetary and fiscal policies. Governments, especially in Western Europe, face the difficult political problem of channeling resources away from welfare programs in order to increase investment and strengthen incentives to seek employment. Because of their own internal problems and priorities, the industrialized countries are unable to devote sufficient resources to deal effectively with the poorer areas of the world, which, at least from an economic point of view, are becoming further marginalized. The terrorist attacks on the US on 11 September 2001 accentuated a growing risk to global prosperity - the diversion of resources away from capital investments to counter-terrorism programs. ++ Despite these vexing problems, the world economy also shows great promise. Technology has made possible further advances in a wide range of fields, from agriculture, to medicine, alternative energy, metallurgy, and transportation. Improved global communications have greatly reduced the costs of international trade, helping the world gain from the international division of labor, raise living standards, and reduce income disparities among nations. Much of the resilience of the world economy in the aftermath of the financial crisis resulted from government and central bank leaders around the globe working in concert to stem the financial onslaught, knowing well the lessons of past economic failures." }, - "GDP (purchasing power parity)": { + "GDP real growth rate": { + "text": "3.7% (2017 est.) / 3.2% (2016 est.) / 3.3% (2014 est.)" + }, + "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { + "text": "6.4% (2017 est.) / 3.7% (2016 est.)", + "note": "developed countries: 1.9% (2017 est.) 0.9% (2016 est.) ++ developing countries: 8.8% (2017 est.) 3.7% (2016 est.) ++ note: the above estimates are weighted averages; inflation in developed countries is 0% to 4% typically, in developing countries, 4% to 10% typically; national inflation rates vary widely in individual cases; inflation rates have declined for most countries for the last several years, held in check by increasing international competition from several low wage countries and by soft demand due to the world financial crisis" + }, + "Credit ratings": { + }, + "GDP (purchasing power parity) - real": { "text": "$127.8 trillion (2017 est.) / $123.3 trillion (2016 est.) / $119.5 trillion (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$80.27 trillion SGWP (gross world product) (2017 est.)" }, - "GDP - real growth rate": { - "text": "3.7% (2017 est.) / 3.2% (2016 est.) / 3.3% (2014 est.)" - }, "GDP - per capita (PPP)": { "text": "$17,500 (2017 est.) / $17,000 (2016 est.) / $16,800 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars" @@ -336,6 +342,17 @@ "Gross national saving": { "text": "27.9% of GDP (2017 est.) / 27.4% of GDP (2016 est.) / 27.8% of GDP (2015 est.)" }, + "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { + "agriculture": { + "text": "6.4% (2017 est.)" + }, + "industry": { + "text": "30% (2017 est.)" + }, + "services": { + "text": "63% (2017 est.)" + } + }, "GDP - composition, by end use": { "household consumption": { "text": "56.4% (2017 est.)" @@ -356,16 +373,7 @@ "text": "-28.3% (2017 est.)" } }, - "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { - "agriculture": { - "text": "6.4% (2017 est.)" - }, - "industry": { - "text": "30% (2017 est.)" - }, - "services": { - "text": "63% (2017 est.)" - } + "Ease of Doing Business Index scores": { }, "Industries": { "note": "dominated by the onrush of technology, especially in computers, robotics, telecommunications, and medicines and medical equipment; most of these advances take place in OECD nations; only a small portion of non-OECD countries have succeeded in rapidly adjusting to these technological forces; the accelerated development of new technologies is complicating already grim environmental problems" @@ -416,10 +424,6 @@ "Public debt": { "text": "67.2% of GDP (2017 est.) / 67.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "text": "6.4% (2017 est.) / 3.7% (2016 est.)", - "note": "developed countries: 1.9% (2017 est.) 0.9% (2016 est.) ++ developing countries: 8.8% (2017 est.) 3.7% (2016 est.) ++ note: the above estimates are weighted averages; inflation in developed countries is 0% to 4% typically, in developing countries, 4% to 10% typically; national inflation rates vary widely in individual cases; inflation rates have declined for most countries for the last several years, held in check by increasing international competition from several low wage countries and by soft demand due to the world financial crisis" - }, "Exports": { "text": "$17.31 trillion (2017 est.) / $15.82 trillion (2016 est.)" },