auto-update week 40

This commit is contained in:
Yo Robot 2022-10-06 22:31:19 +00:00
parent 20724dd962
commit 798395cb8e
135 changed files with 254 additions and 255 deletions

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@ -654,7 +654,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> approximately 20 additional minor parties"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

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@ -658,7 +658,7 @@
"text": "Front for Democracy in Burundi-Nyakuri or FRODEBU-Nyakuri [Keffa NIBIZI]<br>Front for Democracy in Burundi-Sahwanya or FRODEBU-Sahwanya [Pierre Claver NAHIMANA]<br>National Congress for Liberty or CNL [Agathon RWASA]<br>National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE]<br>National Liberation Forces or FNL [Jacques BIGITIMANA]<br>Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progress Nationale) or UPRONA [Abel GASHATSI]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CEPGL, CICA, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, CEMAC, CEPGL, CICA, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

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@ -1318,7 +1318,7 @@
"note": "note: in eastern Congo, fighters from armed groups, and in some cases government security forces, have been accused of forced recruitment of child soldiers"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the modern FARDC was created out of the armed factions of the two Congo wars of 1996-1997 and 1998-2003; as part of the peace accords that ended the last war, the largest rebel groups were incorporated into the FARDC; many armed groups, however, continue to fight and as of 2022, there were over 100 illegal armed groups operating in the country by some estimates; as of 2022, the FARDC was actively engaged in combat operations against numerous armed groups, particularly in the eastern provinces of Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu, although there was also violence in Maniema, Kasai, Kasai Central, and Tanganyika provinces; the military is widely assessed as being unable to provide adequate security throughout the country due to insufficient training, poor morale and leadership, ill-discipline and corruption, low equipment readiness, a fractious ethnic makeup, and the sheer size of the country and diversity of armed rebel groups<br><br></p> <p>the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) has operated in the central and eastern parts of the country since 1999; as of mid-2022, MONUSCO had around 15,000 personnel; MONUSCO includes a Force Intervention Brigade (FIB; 3 infantry battalions, plus artillery and special forces), the first ever UN peacekeeping force specifically tasked to carry out targeted offensive operations to neutralize and disarm groups considered a threat to state authority and civilian security</p>"
"text": "the modern FARDC was created out of the armed factions of the two Congo wars of 1996-1997 and 1998-2003; as part of the peace accords that ended the last war, the largest rebel groups were incorporated into the FARDC; many armed groups, however, continue to fight and as of 2022, there were over 100 illegal armed groups operating in the country by some estimates; as of 2022, the FARDC was actively engaged in combat operations against numerous armed groups, particularly in the eastern provinces of Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu, although there was also violence in Maniema, Kasai, Kasai Central, and Tanganyika provinces; the military is widely assessed as being unable to provide adequate security throughout the country due to insufficient training, poor morale and leadership, ill-discipline and corruption, low equipment readiness, a fractious ethnic makeup, and the sheer size of the country and diversity of armed rebel groups<br><br>the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) has operated in the central and eastern parts of the country since 1999; as of mid-2022, MONUSCO had around 15,000 personnel; MONUSCO includes a Force Intervention Brigade (FIB; 3 infantry battalions, plus artillery and special forces), the first ever UN peacekeeping force specifically tasked to carry out targeted offensive operations to neutralize and disarm groups considered a threat to state authority and civilian security (2022)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

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@ -682,7 +682,7 @@
"text": "Alliance for Democracy and Development<br>Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or CPDM [Paul BIYA]<br>Cameroon People's Party or CPP [Edith Kah WALLA]<br>Cameroon Renaissance Movement or MRC [Maurice KAMTO]<br>Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA]<br>Cameroonian Party for National Reconciliation or PCRN [Cabral LIBII]<br>Front for the National Salvation of Cameroon or FSNC [Issa Tchiroma BAKARY]<br>Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]<br>Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [Marcel YONDO]<br>National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]<br>Progressive Movement or MP [Jean-Jacques EKINDI]<br>Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]<br>Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [Provisionary Management Bureau]<br>Union of Socialist Movements"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

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@ -1111,10 +1111,10 @@
"text": "the defense forces are lightly armed with a mix of mostly older equipment from a variety of countries, including France, Italy, Russia, and the US (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for 2-year voluntary male and female military service; no conscription (2021)"
"text": "18 years of age for 2-year voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the AND is limited in capabilities to performing search and rescue operations and maintaining internal security; a defense treaty with France provides naval resources for protection of territorial waters, training of Comoran military personnel, and air surveillance; France maintains a small maritime base and a Foreign Legion contingent on neighboring Mayotte (2022)"
"text": "the security forces are limited in capabilities to performing search and rescue operations and maintaining internal security; a defense treaty with France provides naval resources for protection of territorial waters, training of Comoran military personnel, and air surveillance; France maintains a small maritime base and a Foreign Legion contingent on neighboring Mayotte (2022)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

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@ -614,7 +614,7 @@
"text": "Center for United Democrats or CDU [Ahmed Mohamed YOUSSOUF, chairman]<br>Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]<br>Djibouti Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]<br>Front for Restoration of Unity and Democracy (Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique) or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]<br>Movement for Democratic Renewal and Development or MRD (previously Democratic Renewal Party or PRD) [Daher Ahmed FARAH]<br>National Democratic Party or PND [Aden Robleh AWALEH]<br>People's Rally for Progress or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party)<br>Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Hasna Moumin BAHDON]<br>Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Aden Mohamed ABDOU]<br>Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [Ilya Ismail GUEDI Hared]<br>Union for the Presidential Majority coalition or UMP [collective leadership] (electoral coalition includes RPP, FRUD, PPSD, and UPR)<br>Union for National Salvation coalition or USN [collective leadership] (electoral coalition includes ARD, PRD, PDD, UDJ, and PND)<br>Union of Reform Partisans or UPR [Ibrahim Daoud CHEHEM]<br><br><strong>note:</strong> only parties with seats in the National Assembly included"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, ATMIS, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@
"text": "the FAD is armed largely with older French and Soviet-era weapons systems; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of mostly second-hand equipment from a variety of countries, including China and the US (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service (men and women); 16-25 years of age for voluntary military training; no conscription (2021)"
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 16-25 years of age for voluntary military training; no conscription (2021)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "960 Somalia (ATMIS) (2022)"

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@ -589,7 +589,7 @@
"text": "People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ [ISAIAS Afwerki] (the only party recognized by the government)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS (observer), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS (observer), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

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@ -690,7 +690,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Ethiopia has over fifty national-level and regional-level political parties. The ruling party, the Prosperity Party, was created by Prime Minister ABIY in November 2019 from member parties of the former Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), which included the Amhara Democratic Party (ADP), Oromo Democratic Party (ODP), Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement (SEPDM), plus other EPRDF-allied parties such as the Afar National Democratic Party (ANDP), Benishangul Gumuz Peoples Democratic Party (BGPDP), Gambella Peoples Democratic Movement (GPDM), Somali Peoples Democratic Party (SPDP), and the Harari National League (HNL). Once the Prosperity Party was created, the various ethnically-based parties that comprised or were affiliated with the EPRDF were subsequently disbanded; in January 2021, the Ethiopian electoral board de-registered the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front or TPLF; national level parties are qualified to register candidates in multiple regions across Ethiopia; regional parties can register candidates for both national and regional parliaments, but only in one region of Ethiopia"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, COMESA, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -1287,7 +1287,7 @@
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF): Ground Forces, Ethiopian Air Force (Ye Ityopya Ayer Hayl, ETAF); Ministry of Peace: Ethiopian Federal Police (EFP) (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> in January 2020 the Ethiopian Government announced it had re-established a navy, which was disbanded in 1996; in March 2019, Ethiopia signed a defense cooperation agreement with France which stipulated that France would support the establishment of an Ethiopian navy, which would reportedly be based out of Djibouti<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>in 2018, Ethiopia established a Republican Guard military unit responsible to the Prime Minister for protecting senior officials<br><br>"
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> in January 2020 the Ethiopian Government announced it had re-established a navy, which was disbanded in 1996; in March 2019, Ethiopia signed a defense cooperation agreement with France which stipulated that France would support the establishment of an Ethiopian navy, which would reportedly be based out of Djibouti<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>in 2018, Ethiopia established a Republican Guard military unit responsible to the Prime Minister for protecting senior officials<br><br><strong>note 3: </strong>each of the states have regional and/or a \"special\" paramilitary security and police forces that report to regional civilian authorities and operate separately from federal forces; local militias operate across the country in loose and varying coordination with these regional security and police forces, the Ethiopian Federal Police, and the Ethiopian military<br><br>"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
@ -1320,7 +1320,7 @@
"text": "5-10,000 Somalia (4,500 for ATMIS; the remainder under a bilateral agreement with Somalia; note - bilateral figures are prior to the conflict with Tigray); 250 Sudan (UNISFA); 1,475 South Sudan (UNMISS) (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "each of the states have regional and/or a \"special\" paramilitary security and police forces that report to regional civilian authorities and operate separately from federal forces; local militias operate across the country in loose and varying coordination with these regional security and police forces, the Ethiopian Federal Police, and the Ethiopian military<br><br>since November 2020, the Government of Ethiopia has been engaged in a protracted military conflict with the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF), the former governing party of the Tigray Region; the government deemed a TPLF attack on Ethiopia military forces as a domestic terrorism incident and launched a military offensive in response; the TPLF asserted that its actions were self-defense in the face of planned Ethiopian Government action to remove it from the provincial government; the Ethiopian Government sent large elements of the ENDF into Tigray to remove the TPLF and invited militia and paramilitary forces from the states of Afar and Amara, as well as the military forces of Eritrea, to assist; the fighting included heavy civilian and military casualties with widespread abuses reported; in March 2022, the Ethiopian Government declared a  truce to facilitate the flow of humanitarian aid into the Tigray region; the TPLF reciprocated with a truce of its own; however, fighting between the TPLF and the Ethiopian Government resumed in August 2022<br><br>the military forces of the Tigray regional government are known as the Tigray Defense Force (TDF); the TDF is comprised of state paramilitary forces, local militia, and troops that defected from the ENDF; it was reported to have up to 250,000 fighters at the start of the conflict<br><br>in 2022, the ENDF was also engaged in counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several other states; the largest was in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA; aka Shene), an insurgent group that claimed to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; the OLA was a member of a coalition of eight anti-government factions known as the United Front of Ethiopia and Confederalist Forces (UFEFCF); formed in 2021, the UFEFCF included the TPLF, as well as rebel groups of variable sizes from several regions of the country; the OLA has also clashed with ethnic militias (aka Fano) from the neighboring state of Amara<br><br>in July 2022, militants from the Somalia-based terrorist group al-Shabaab launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) region, attacking villages and security forces; the Ethiopian Government claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalias Gedo region to prevent further such incursions (2022)"
"text": "since November 2020, the Government of Ethiopia has been engaged in a protracted military conflict with the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF), the former governing party of the Tigray Region; the government deemed a TPLF attack on Ethiopia military forces as a domestic terrorism incident and launched a military offensive in response; the TPLF asserted that its actions were self-defense in the face of planned Ethiopian Government action to remove it from the provincial government; the Ethiopian Government sent large elements of the ENDF into Tigray to remove the TPLF and invited militia and paramilitary forces from the states of Afar and Amara, as well as the military forces of Eritrea, to assist; the fighting included heavy civilian and military casualties with widespread abuses reported; in March 2022, the Ethiopian Government declared a  truce to facilitate the flow of humanitarian aid into the Tigray region; the TPLF reciprocated with a truce of its own; however, fighting between the TPLF and the Ethiopian Government resumed in August 2022<br><br>the military forces of the Tigray regional government are known as the Tigray Defense Force (TDF); the TDF is comprised of state paramilitary forces, local militia, and troops that defected from the ENDF; it was reported to have up to 250,000 fighters at the start of the conflict<br><br>in 2022, the ENDF was also engaged in counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several other states; the largest was in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA; aka Shene), an insurgent group that claimed to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; the OLA was a member of a coalition of eight anti-government factions known as the United Front of Ethiopia and Confederalist Forces (UFEFCF); formed in 2021, the UFEFCF included the TPLF, as well as rebel groups of variable sizes from several regions of the country; the OLA has also clashed with ethnic militias (aka Fano) from the neighboring state of Amara<br><br>in July 2022, militants from the Somalia-based terrorist group al-Shabaab launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) region, attacking villages and security forces; the Ethiopian Government claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalias Gedo region to prevent further such incursions (2022)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

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@ -643,7 +643,7 @@
"text": "Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Fabakary JATTA]<br>Coalition 2016 [collective leadership] (electoral coalition includes UDP, PDOIS, NRP, GMC, GDC, PPP, and GPDP)<br>Gambia Democratic Congress or GDC [Mama KANDEH]<br>Gambia Moral Congress or GMC [Mai FATTY]<br>Gambia Party for Democracy and Progress or GPDP [Sarja JARJOU]<br>National Convention Party or NCP [Yaya  SANYANG and Majanko SAMUSA (both claiming leadership)]<br>National Democratic Action Movement or NDAM [Lamin Yaa JUARA]<br>National People's Party or NPP [Adama BARROW]<br>National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat BAH]<br>People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Halifa SALLAH]<br>People's Progressive Party or PPP [Yaya CEESAY)]<br>United Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

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@ -605,7 +605,7 @@
"note": "Paul Mba Abessole"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

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@ -658,7 +658,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Ghana has more than 20 registered parties; included are those which participated in the 2020 general election"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

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@ -570,7 +570,7 @@
"text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "according to tradition, the name derives from the fusion of the name \"Cona,\" a Baga wine and cheese producer who lived on Tombo Island (the original site of the present-day capital), and the word \"nakiri,\" which in Susu means \"the other bank\" or \"the other side\"; supposedly, Baga's palm grove produced the best wine on the island and people traveling to sample his vintage, would say: \"I am going to Cona, on the other bank (Cona-nakiri),\" which over time became Conakry"
"text": "according to tradition, the name derives from the fusion of the name <em>Cona</em>, a Baga wine and cheese producer who lived on Tombo Island (the original site of the present-day capital), and the word <em>nakiri</em>, which in Susu means \"the other bank\" or \"the other side\"; supposedly, Baga's palm grove produced the best wine on the island and people traveling to sample his vintage, would say: \"I am going to Cona, on the other bank (<em>Cona-nakiri</em>),\" which over time became Conakry"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
@ -653,8 +653,8 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "African Congress for Democracy and Renewal or CADRE [Daniel KOLIE]<br>Alliance for National Renewal or ARN [Pepe Koulemou KOULEMOU]<br>Alliance for National Renewal or ARENA [Sekou Koureissy CONDE]<br>Bloc Liberal or BL [Faya MILLIMONO]<br>Citizen Generation or GECI [Mohamed SOUMAH]<br>Citizen Party for the Defense of Collective Interests or PCDIC [Hamidou BARRY]<br>Democratic Alliance for Renewal or ADR [Alpha Oumar Taran DIALLO]<br>Democratic National Movement or MND [Ousmane DORE]<br>Democratic Union for Renewal and Progress or UDRP [Edouard Zoutomou KPOGHOMOU]<br>Democratic Union of Guinea or UDG [Mamadou SYLLA]<br>Democratic People's Movement of Guinea or MPDG [Siaka BARRY]<br>Democratic Workers' Party of Guinea or PDTG [Talibi Dos CAMARA]<br>Front for the National Alliance or FAN [Makale CAMARA]<br>Generation for Reconciliation Union and Prosperity or GRUP [Papa Koly KOUROUMA]<br>Guinea for Democracy and Balance or GDE [Aboubacar SOUMAH]<br>Guinean Party for Peaceful Coexistence and Development or PGCD [Nene Moussa Maleya CAMARA]<br>Guinean Party for Solidarity and Democracy or PGSD [Elie KAMANO]<br>Guinean Union for Democracy and Development or UGDD [Francis HABA]<br>Guinean Rally for Development or RGD [Abdoul Kabele CAMARA]<br>Guinean Rally for Unity and Development or RGUD [Abraham BOURE]<br>Guinean Renaissance Party or PGR [Ibrahima Sory CONDE]<br>Modern Guinea [Thierno Yaya DIALLO]<br>Movement for Solidarity and Development or MSD [Abdoulaye DIALLO]<br>National Front for Development or FND [Alhousseine Makanera KAKE]<br>National Union for Prosperity or UNP [Alpha Mady SOUMAH]<br>National Party for Hope and Development or PEDN [Lansana KOUYATE]<br>New Democratic Forces or NFD [Mouctar DIALLO]<br>New Generation for the Republic or NGR [Abbe SYLLA]<br>New Guinea or NG [Mohamed CISSE]<br>New Political Generation or NGP [Badra KONE]<br>Party for Progress and Change or PPC [Aboubacar Biro SOUMAH]<br>Party of Citizen Action through Labor or PACT [Makale TRAORE]<br>Party of Democrats for Hope or PADES [Ousmane KABA]<br>Party of Freedom and Progress or PLP [Laye Souleymane DIALLO]<br>Party of Hope for National Development or PEDN [Lansana KOUYATE]<br>Rally for Renaissance and Development or RRD [Abdoulaye KOUROUMA]<br>Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [vacant]<br>Rally for the Integrated Development of Guinea or RDIG [Jean Marc TELIANO]<br>Rally for the Republic or RPR [Diabaty DORE]<br>Union for Progress and Renewal or UPR [Ousmane BAH]<br>Union for the Defense of Republican Interests or UDIR [Bouya KONATE]<br>Union for the Progress of Guinea or UPG [Jacques GBONIMY]<br>Union of Democratic Forces or UFD [Mamadou Baadiko BAH]<br>Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [Cellou Dalein DIALLO]<br>Union of Democrats for the Renaissance of Guinea or UDRG [Amadou Oury BAH]<br>Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]<br>Unity and Progress Party or PUP [Fode BANGOURA]",
"note": "<h3>Ruling party<br><br>Guinea is currently lead by the National Committee for Reconciliation and Development, the transition government <br>(<em>Comité national du rassemblement et du développement</em>, CNRD)</h3> <h3>\n<br>Opposition parties<br><br><br><br>\n</h3>"
"text": "African Congress for Democracy and Renewal or CADRE [Daniel KOLIE]<br>Alliance for National Renewal or ARN [Pepe Koulemou KOULEMOU]<br>Alliance for National Renewal or ARENA [Sekou Koureissy CONDE]<br>Bloc Liberal or BL [Faya MILLIMONO]<br>Citizen Generation or GECI [Mohamed SOUMAH]<br>Citizen Party for the Defense of Collective Interests or PCDIC [Hamidou BARRY]<br>Democratic Alliance for Renewal or ADR [Alpha Oumar Taran DIALLO]<br>Democratic National Movement or MND [Ousmane DORE]<br>Democratic Union for Renewal and Progress or UDRP [Edouard Zoutomou KPOGHOMOU]<br>Democratic Union of Guinea or UDG [Mamadou SYLLA]<br>Democratic People's Movement of Guinea or MPDG [Siaka BARRY]<br>Democratic Workers' Party of Guinea or PDTG [Talibi Dos CAMARA]<br>Front for the National Alliance or FAN [Makale CAMARA]<br>Generation for Reconciliation Union and Prosperity or GRUP [Papa Koly KOUROUMA]<br>Guinea for Democracy and Balance or GDE [Aboubacar SOUMAH]<br>Guinean Party for Peaceful Coexistence and Development or PGCD [Nene Moussa Maleya CAMARA]<br>Guinean Party for Solidarity and Democracy or PGSD [Elie KAMANO]<br>Guinean Union for Democracy and Development or UGDD [Francis HABA]<br>Guinean Rally for Development or RGD [Abdoul Kabele CAMARA]<br>Guinean Rally for Unity and Development or RGUD [Abraham BOURE]<br>Guinean Renaissance Party or PGR [Ibrahima Sory CONDE]<br>Modern Guinea [Thierno Yaya DIALLO]<br>Movement for Solidarity and Development or MSD [Abdoulaye DIALLO]<br>National Committee for Reconciliation and Development [Colonel Mamady DOUMBOUYA]<br>National Front for Development or FND [Alhousseine Makanera KAKE]<br>National Union for Prosperity or UNP [Alpha Mady SOUMAH]<br>National Party for Hope and Development or PEDN [Lansana KOUYATE]<br>New Democratic Forces or NFD [Mouctar DIALLO]<br>New Generation for the Republic or NGR [Abbe SYLLA]<br>New Guinea or NG [Mohamed CISSE]<br>New Political Generation or NGP [Badra KONE]<br>Party for Progress and Change or PPC [Aboubacar Biro SOUMAH]<br>Party of Citizen Action through Labor or PACT [Makale TRAORE]<br>Party of Democrats for Hope or PADES [Ousmane KABA]<br>Party of Freedom and Progress or PLP [Laye Souleymane DIALLO]<br>Party of Hope for National Development or PEDN [Lansana KOUYATE]<br>Rally for Renaissance and Development or RRD [Abdoulaye KOUROUMA]<br>Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [vacant]<br>Rally for the Integrated Development of Guinea or RDIG [Jean Marc TELIANO]<br>Rally for the Republic or RPR [Diabaty DORE]<br>Union for Progress and Renewal or UPR [Ousmane BAH]<br>Union for the Defense of Republican Interests or UDIR [Bouya KONATE]<br>Union for the Progress of Guinea or UPG [Jacques GBONIMY]<br>Union of Democratic Forces or UFD [Mamadou Baadiko BAH]<br>Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [Cellou Dalein DIALLO]<br>Union of Democrats for the Renaissance of Guinea or UDRG [Amadou Oury BAH]<br>Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]<br>Unity and Progress Party or PUP [Fode BANGOURA]",
"note": "<h3>\n<br><br>\n</h3>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

View file

@ -672,7 +672,7 @@
"text": "African Peoples' Party-Cote d'Ivoire or PPA-CI [Laurent GBAGBO]<br>Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire or PDCI [Henri Konan BEDIE]<br>Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [Pascal Affi N'GUESSAN]<br>Liberty and Democracy for the Republic or LIDER [Mamadou KOULIBALY]<br>Movement of the Future Forces or MFA [Innocent Augustin ANAKY KOBENA]<br>Pan-African Congress for People's Justice and Equality or COJEP [Charles BLE GOUDE]<br>Rally of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace or RHDP [Alassane Dramane OUATTARA] <br>Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Henriette DIABATE]<br>Together for Democracy and Sovereignty or EDS [Georges Armand OUEGNIN]<br>Together to Build (UDPCI, FPI,and allies) [Toikeuse MABRI]<br>Union for Cote d'Ivoire or UPCI [Gnamien KONAN]<br>Union for Democracy and Peace in Cote d'Ivoire or UDPCI [Albert Toikeusse MABRI]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UN Security Council (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina, UN Security Council (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

View file

@ -655,10 +655,10 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<p>Azimio La UmojaOne Kenya Coalition Party [Raila ODINGA] (includes DAP-K, JP, KANU, KUP, MCC, MDG, ODM, PAA, UDM, UDP, UPA, UPIA, and WDM-K)<br>Amani National Congress or ANC [Musalia MUDAVADI]<br>Chama Cha Kazi or CCK [Moses KURIA]<br>Democratic Action Party or DAP-K [Wafula WAMUNYINYI]<br>Democratic Party or DP [Joseph MUNYAO, Chairman]<br>Forum for the Restoration of DemocracyKenya or FORD-Kenya  [Moses WETANGULA]<br>Grand Dream Development Party or GDDP [Fabian KYULE]           <br>Independents  <br>Jubilee Party or JP [Uhuru KENYATTA]<br>Kenya African National Union or KANU [Gideon MOI]<br>Kenya Kwanza coalition [William RUTO] (includes ANC, CCK, DP, FORD-Kenya, TSP, and UDA)<br>Kenya Union Party or KUP [John LONYANGAPUO]<br>Maendeleo Chap Chap Party or MCC [Alfred MUTUA]<br>Movement for Democracy and Growth or MDG [David OCHIENG]<br>National Agenda Party or NAP-K [Alfayo AGUFANA]                        <br>National Ordinary People Empowerment Union or NOPEU [Rodgers MPURU, Secretary General}<br>Orange Democratic Movement or ODM [Raila ODINGA]<br>Pamoja African Alliance or PAA [Amason KINGI]<br>The Service Party or TSP [Mwangi KIUNJURI]<br>United Democratic Alliance or UDA [William RUTO]<br>United Democratic Movement or UDM [Philip MURGOR]<br>United Democratic Party or UDP [Cyrus Jirongo]                                                <br>United Party of Independent Alliance or UPIA [Ukur YATANI]                                      <br>United Progressive Alliance or UPA [Kenneth NYAMWAMU]                                        <br>Wiper Democratic Movement-Kenya or WDM-K [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]   <br><br><strong>note:</strong> only parties with seats in the National Assembly and Senate included             </p>"
"text": "<p>Azimio La UmojaOne Kenya Coalition Party [Raila ODINGA] (includes DAP-K, JP, KANU, KUP, MCC, MDG, ODM, PAA, UDM, UDP, UPA, UPIA, and WDM-K)<br>Amani National Congress or ANC [Musalia MUDAVADI]<br>Chama Cha Kazi or CCK [Moses KURIA]<br>Democratic Action Party or DAP-K [Wafula WAMUNYINYI]<br>Democratic Party or DP [Joseph MUNYAO, Chairman]<br>Forum for the Restoration of DemocracyKenya or FORD-Kenya  [Moses WETANGULA]<br>Grand Dream Development Party or GDDP [Fabian KYULE]           <br>Independents  <br>Jubilee Party or JP [Uhuru KENYATTA]<br>Kenya African National Union or KANU [Gideon MOI]<br>Kenya Kwanza coalition [William RUTO] (includes ANC, CCK, DP, FORD-Kenya, TSP, and UDA)<br>Kenya Union Party or KUP [John LONYANGAPUO]<br>Maendeleo Chap Chap Party or MCC [Alfred MUTUA]<br>Movement for Democracy and Growth or MDG [David OCHIENG]<br>National Agenda Party or NAP-K [Alfayo AGUFANA]                        <br>National Ordinary People Empowerment Union or NOPEU [Rodgers MPURU, Secretary General}<br>Orange Democratic Movement or ODM [Raila ODINGA]<br>Pamoja African Alliance or PAA [Amason KINGI]<br>The Service Party or TSP [Mwangi KIUNJURI]<br>United Democratic Alliance or UDA [William RUTO]<br>United Democratic Movement or UDM [Philip MURGOR]<br>United Democratic Party or UDP [Cyrus Jirongo]<br>United Party of Independent Alliance or UPIA [Ukur YATANI]                                      <br>United Progressive Alliance or UPA [Kenneth NYAMWAMU]                                        <br>Wiper Democratic Movement-Kenya or WDM-K [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]   <br><br><strong>note:</strong> only parties with seats in the National Assembly and Senate included             </p>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCT, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, CD, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCT, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -1302,13 +1302,13 @@
"text": "the KDF's inventory traditionally carried mostly older or second-hand Western weapons systems, particularly from France, the UK, and the US; however, since the 2000s it has sought to modernize and diversify its imports, and suppliers have included more than a dozen countries including China, Italy, Jordan, and the US (2022)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "no conscription; 18-26 years of age for male and female voluntary service (under 18 with parental consent; upper limit 30 years of age for specialists, tradesmen, or women with a diploma; 39 years of age for chaplains/imams), with a 9-year obligation (7 years for Kenyan Navy) and subsequent 3-year re-enlistments; applicants must be Kenyan citizens (2022)"
"text": "no conscription; 18-26 years of age for male and female voluntary service (under 18 with parental consent; upper limit 30 years of age for specialists, tradesmen, or women with a diploma; 39 years of age for chaplains/imams); 9-year service obligation (7 years for Kenyan Navy) and subsequent 3-year re-enlistments; applicants must be Kenyan citizens (2022)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "260 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 3,650 Somalia (ATMIS) (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Kenyan military forces intervened in Somalia in October 2011 to combat the al Qaida-affiliated al-Shabaab terrorist group, which had conducted numerous cross-border attacks into Kenya; in November 2011, the UN and the African Union invited Kenya to incorporate its forces into the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM); Kenyan forces were formally integrated into AMISOM in February 2012; as of 2022, they consisted of approximately 3,600 troops and were responsible for AMISOMs Sector 2 comprising Lower and Middle Jubba (see Appendix T for additional details on al-Shabaab; note - as of May 2022, AMISOM was renamed the AU Transition Mission in Somalia or ATMIS) (2022)"
"text": "Kenyan military forces intervened in Somalia in October 2011 to combat the al Qaida-affiliated al-Shabaab terrorist group, which had conducted numerous cross-border attacks into Kenya; in November 2011, the UN and the African Union invited Kenya to incorporate its forces into the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM); Kenyan forces were formally integrated into AMISOM in February 2012; as of 2022, they consisted of approximately 3,600 troops and were responsible for AMISOMs Sector 2 comprising Lower and Middle Jubba (see Appendix T for additional details on al-Shabaab; note - as of May 2022, AMISOM was renamed the AU Transition Mission in Somalia or ATMIS)<br><br>the Kenya Military Forces were created following independence in 1963; the current Kenya Defense Forces (KDF) were established, and its composition laid out, in the 2010 constitution; the KDF is governed by the Kenya Defense Forces Act of 2012; the Kenya Army traces its origins back to the Kings African Rifles (KAR); the KAR was a British colonial regiment raised from Britain's various possessions in East Africa from 1902 until independence in the 1960s; it conducted both military and internal security functions within the colonial territories, and served outside the territories during the World Wars (2022)"
},
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports that shipping in territorial and offshore waters in the Indian Ocean remain at risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships"

View file

@ -628,8 +628,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "All Liberian Party or ALP [Benoi UREY]<br>Alliance for Peace and Democracy or APD [Marcus S. G. DAHN]<br>Alternative National Congress or ANC [Orishil GOULD]<br>Coalition for Democratic Change [George WEAH] (includes CDC, NPP, and LPDP) Congress for Democratic Change or CDC [Mulbah MORLU]<br>Liberia Destiny Party or LDP [Nathaniel BARNES]<br>Liberia National Union or LINU [Nathaniel BLAMA]<br>Liberia Transformation Party or LTP [Julius SUKU]<br>Liberian People Democratic Party or LPDP [Alex J. TYLER]<br>Liberian People's Party or LPP [Yanqui ZAZA] <br>Liberty Party or LP [Musa Hassan BILITY]<br>Movement for Democracy and Reconstruction or MDR [Prince Y. JOHNSON]<br>Movement for Economic Empowerment [Dr. J. Mill JONES]<br>Movement for Progressive Change or MPC [Simeon FREEMAN]<br>National Democratic Coalition or NDC [Dew MAYSON]<br>National Democratic Party of Liberia or NDPL [D. Nyandeh SIEH]<br>National Patriotic Party or NPP [Jewel HOWARD TAYLOR]<br>National Reformist Party or NRP [Maximillian T. W. DIABE]<br>National Union for Democratic Progress or NUDP [Victor BARNEY]<br>People's Unification Party or PUP [Isobe GBORKORKOLLIE]<br>Unity Party or UP [Rev. J. Luther TARPEH]<br>United People's Party [MacDonald WENTO]<br>Victory for Change Party or VCP [Marcus R. JONES]",
"note": "Musa Hassan Bility"
"text": "All Liberian Party or ALP [Benoi UREY]<br>Alliance for Peace and Democracy or APD [Marcus S. G. DAHN]<br>Alternative National Congress or ANC [Orishil GOULD]<br>Coalition for Democratic Change [George WEAH] (includes CDC, NPP, and LPDP) Congress for Democratic Change or CDC [Mulbah MORLU]<br>Liberia Destiny Party or LDP [Nathaniel BARNES]<br>Liberia National Union or LINU [Nathaniel BLAMA]<br>Liberia Transformation Party or LTP [Julius SUKU]<br>Liberian People Democratic Party or LPDP [Alex J. TYLER]<br>Liberian People's Party or LPP [Yanqui ZAZA] <br>Liberty Party or LP [Musa Hassan BILITY]<br>Movement for Democracy and Reconstruction or MDR [Prince Y. JOHNSON]<br>Movement for Economic Empowerment [Dr. J. Mill JONES]<br>Movement for Progressive Change or MPC [Simeon FREEMAN]<br>National Democratic Coalition or NDC [Dew MAYSON]<br>National Democratic Party of Liberia or NDPL [D. Nyandeh SIEH]<br>National Patriotic Party or NPP [Jewel HOWARD TAYLOR]<br>National Reformist Party or NRP [Maximillian T. W. DIABE]<br>National Union for Democratic Progress or NUDP [Victor BARNEY]<br>People's Unification Party or PUP [Isobe GBORKORKOLLIE]<br>Unity Party or UP [Rev. J. Luther TARPEH]<br>United People's Party [MacDonald WENTO]<br>Victory for Change Party or VCP [Marcus R. JONES]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
@ -1221,11 +1220,11 @@
"text": "approximately 2,000 active personnel (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the AFL is poorly armed; it has received limited quantities of equipment since 2010, including donations, from countries such as China and the US (2021)"
"text": "the military has a limited inventory; since 2010, it has received small quantities of equipment, including donations, from countries such as China and the US (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-35 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2021)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of 2020, women made up about .4% of the active military"
"text": "18-35 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of 2020, women made up less than 1% of the active military"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "160 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)"

View file

@ -1196,13 +1196,13 @@
"text": "approximately 2,000 personnel (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the LDF has a small inventory of older equipment from a variety of countries; since 2010, it has received only small quantities of second-hand equipment from France (2021)"
"text": "the LDF has a small inventory of older and second-hand equipment from a variety of countries (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-24 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women can serve as commissioned officers (2021)"
"text": "20-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Lesotho's declared policy for its military is the maintenance of the country's sovereignty and the preservation of internal security; in practice, external security is guaranteed by South Africa (2022)"
"text": "Lesotho's declared policy for its military is the maintenance of the country's sovereignty and the preservation of internal security; in practice, external security is guaranteed by South Africa<br><br>the LDF began in 1964 as the Police Mobile Unit (PMU); the PMU was designated as the Lesotho Paramilitary Force in 1980 and became the Royal Lesotho Defense Force in 1986; it was subsequently renamed the Lesotho Defense Force in 1993 (2022)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

View file

@ -500,7 +500,7 @@
"text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "originally founded by the Phoenicians as Oea in the 7th century B.C., the city changed rulers many times over the successive centuries; by the beginning of the 3rd century A.D. the region around the city was referred to as Regio Tripolitana by the Romans, meaning \"region of the three cities\" - namely Oea (i.e., modern Tripoli), Sabratha (to the west), and Leptis Magna (to the east); over time, the shortened name of \"Tripoli\" came to refer to just Oea, which derives from the Greek words \"tria\" and \"polis\" meaning \"three cities\""
"text": "originally founded by the Phoenicians as Oea in the 7th century B.C., the city changed rulers many times over the successive centuries; by the beginning of the 3rd century A.D. the region around the city was referred to as Regio Tripolitana by the Romans, meaning \"region of the three cities\" - namely Oea (i.e., modern Tripoli), Sabratha (to the west), and Leptis Magna (to the east); over time, the shortened name of \"Tripoli\" came to refer to just Oea, which derives from the Greek words <em>tria </em>and <em>polis</em> meaning \"three cities\""
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
@ -571,7 +571,7 @@
"text": "NA<br>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BDEAC, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, LCBC, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNSMIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
"text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BDEAC, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, LCBC, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNSMIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

View file

@ -1223,8 +1223,8 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Madagascar People's Armed Forces (PAF): Army, Navy, Air Force; National Gendarmerie (operates under the Ministry of Defense); Ministry of Public Security: National Police (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>the National Gendarmerie is responsible for maintaining law and order in rural areas at the village level, protecting government facilities, and operating a maritime police contingent; the National Police is responsible for maintaining law and order in urban areas"
"text": "Madagascar People's Armed Forces (PAF): Army, Navy, Air Force; Ministry of Defense: National Gendarmerie; Ministry of Public Security: National Police (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>the National Gendarmerie is separate from the PAF and is responsible for maintaining law and order in rural areas at the village level, protecting government facilities, and operating a maritime police contingent; the National Police is responsible for maintaining law and order in urban areas"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
@ -1247,10 +1247,10 @@
"text": "approximately 13,000 personnel (12,000 Army; 500 Navy; 500 Air Force); estimated 10,000 Gendarmerie (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the PAF's inventory consists mostly of aging Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of second-hand equipment from France, South Africa, and UAE (2022)"
"text": "the PAF's inventory consists mostly of aging Soviet-era equipment; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of second-hand equipment from France, South Africa, and the UAE (2022)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-25 years of age for males; service obligation 18 months; no conscription; women are permitted to serve in all branches (2022)"
"text": "18-25 years of age for men and women; service obligation 18 months; no conscription; women are permitted to serve in all branches (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "one of the military&rsquo;s duties is assisting the gendarmerie with maintaining law and order in rural areas, particularly in areas affected by banditry, cattle rustling (cattle thieves are known as dahalo), and criminal groups (2022)"

View file

@ -656,7 +656,7 @@
"text": "Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [Peter MUTHARIKA]<br>Malawi Congress Party or MCP [Lazarus CHAKWERA]<br>People's Party or PP [Joyce BANDA]<br>United Democratic Front or UDF<br>United Transformation Movement or UTM [Saulos CHILIMA]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -1251,19 +1251,19 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; approximately 8,000 personnel (including about 200 air and 200 marine forces) (2022)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 8,000 active duty troops (including about 500 air and marine forces personnel) (2022)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the MDF's inventory is comprised of mostly obsolescent or second-hand equipment from Europe and South Africa; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of mostly second-hand equipment from China, South Africa, and the UK, as well as non-lethal equipment donated by the US (2021)"
"text": "the MDF's inventory is comprised of mostly obsolescent or second-hand equipment from China, a few European countries, and South Africa (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; high school equivalent required for enlisted recruits and college equivalent for officer recruits; initial engagement is 7 years for enlisted personnel and 10 years for officers (2021)"
"text": "18 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; high school equivalent required for enlisted recruits and college equivalent for officer recruits; initial engagement is 7 years for enlisted personnel and 10 years for officers (2022)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "750 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (May 2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the MDF&rsquo;s primary responsibility is external security; it is also tasked as necessary with carrying out policing or other domestic activities, such as disaster relief; Malawi contributes regularly to African Union and UN peace support operations (2022)"
"text": "the MDFs primary responsibility is external security; it is also tasked as necessary with carrying out policing or other domestic activities, such as disaster relief; Malawi contributes regularly to African Union and UN peace support operations<br><br>the MDF was established in 1964 from elements of the Kings African Rifles (KAR), a British colonial regiment raised from Great Britain's various possessions in East Africa from 1902 until independence in the 1960s; the KAR conducted both military and internal security functions within the colonial territories, and served outside the territories during the World Wars (2022)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

View file

@ -581,7 +581,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alliance Morisien (Mauritian Alliance 2019; coalition includes MSM, ML, Patriotic Movement, and Militant Platform) [Pravind JUGNAUTH] <br>Mauritian Militant Movement (Mouvement Militant Mauricien) or MMM [Paul BERENGER]<br>Mauritian People's Union (Linion Pep Morisien) [Bruneau LAURETTE and Dev SUNNASY]<br>Mauritian Rally (Rassemblement Mauricien) [Nando BODHA]<br>Mauritian Social Democratic Party (Parti Mauricien Social Democrate) or PMSD [Xavier Luc DUVAL]<br>Mauritius Labor Party (Parti Travailliste) or PTR or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]<br>Militant Platform (Plateforme Militante) [Steven OBEEGADOO]<br>Militant Socialist Movement (Mouvement Socialist Mauricien) or MSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH]<br>Muvman Liberater or ML [Ivan COLLENDAVELLOO]<br>Patriotic Movement (Mouvement Patriotic) [Alan GANOO]<br>Rodrigues Peoples Organization (Organisation du Peuple Rodriguais) or OPR [Serge CLAIR]"
"text": "Alliance Morisien (Mauritian Alliance 2019; coalition includes PM, MSM, ML, and MAG) [Pravind JUGNAUTH] <br>Mauritian Militant Movement (Mouvement Militant Mauricien) or MMM [Paul BERENGER]<br>Mauritian Social Democratic Party (Parti Mauricien Social Democrate) or PMSD [Xavier Luc DUVAL]<br>Mauritius Labor Party (Parti Travailliste) or PTR or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]<br>Militant Platform or PM (Plateforme Militante) [Steven OBEEGADOO]<br>Militant Socialist Movement (Mouvement Socialist Mauricien) or MSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH]<br>Muvman Liberater or ML [Ivan COLLENDAVELLOO]<br>National Alliance (coalition includes PTR and PMSD) [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]<br>Patriotic Movement (Mouvement Patriotique) or MAG [Alan GANOO]<br>Rodrigues Peoples Organization (Organisation du Peuple Rodriguais) or OPR [Serge CLAIR]<br><br><strong>note</strong>: only parties with seats in the National Assembly listed"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, C, CD, COMESA, CPLP (associate), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SAARC (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

View file

@ -661,7 +661,7 @@
"text": "Alliance for Justice and Democracy/Movement for Renewal or AJD/MR [Ibrahima Moctar SARR]<br>Burst of Youth for the Nation or Sursaut or PSJN [Lalla Mint CHERIF]<br>El Insaf or Equity Party [Mohamed Melainine Ould EYIH]<br>El Islah Party [Mohamed Ould TALEBNA]<br>El Karama Party [Cheikhna Ould Mohamed Ould HAJBOU]<br>Initiative for the Resurgence of the Abolitionist Movement or IRA [Biram Dah ABEID]<br>National Democratic Alliance or AND [Yacoub Ould MOINE]<br>National Rally for Reform and Development or RNRD or TAWASSOUL [Mohamed Mahmoud Ould SEYIDI]<br>Party for Conciliation and Prosperity or HIWAR [Valle Mint Mini]<br>Popular (or People's) Progressive Alliance or APP [Messaoud Ould BOULKHEIR]<br>Rally (or Assembly) of Democratic Forces or RFD [Ahmed Ould DADDAH]<br>Sawab Party [Ahmed Salem Ould HORMA]<br>Union for Democracy and Progress or UDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS]<br>Union of the Forces of Progress or UFP [Mohamed Ould MAOULOUD]<br>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MIUSMA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MIUSMA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

View file

@ -657,7 +657,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM [Lutero SIMANGO]<br>Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Filipe NYUSI]<br>Mozambican National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Ossufo MOMADE]<br>Optimistic Party for the Development of Mozambique or Podemos [Helder MENDONCA]"
"text": "Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM [Lutero SIMANGO]<br>Liberation Front of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Filipe NYUSI]<br>Mozambican National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Ossufo MOMADE]<br><br><strong>note:</strong> only parties with seats in the legislature listed"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

View file

@ -661,8 +661,8 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<p>Alliance for Democracy and the Republic<br>Alliance for Democratic Renewal or ARD-Adaltchi-Mutuntchi [Laouan MAGAGI] <br>Alliance of Movements for the Emergence of Niger or AMEN AMIN [Omar Hamidou TCHIANA]<br>Congress for the Republic or CPR-Inganci [Maradi Kassoum MOCTAR]<br>Democratic Alternation for Equity in Niger<br>Democratic and Republican Renewal-RDR-Tchanji [Mahamane OUSMANE]<br>Democratic Movement for the Emergence of Niger<br>National Movement for the Development of Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Seini OUMAROU]<br>Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya [Moussa Hassane BARAZE]<br>Nigerien Democratic Movement for an African Federation or MODEN/FA Lumana [Hama AMADOU]<br>Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya [Mahamadou ISSOUFOU]<br>Nigerien Patriotic Movement or MPN-Kishin Kassa [Ibrahim YACOUBA]<br>Nigerien Rally for Democracy and Peace<br>Patriotic Movement for the Republic or MPR-Jamhuriya [Albade ABOUBA]<br>Peace, Justice, ProgressGeneration Doubara<br>Rally for Democracy and Progress-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]<br>Rally for Peace and Progress<br>Social Democratic Rally or RSD-Gaskiyya [Amadou CHEIFFOU]<br>Social Democratic Party or PSD-Bassira [Sanoussi MAREINI]<br><br><strong>note:</strong> only parties with seats in the National Assembly included</p>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the SPLM and SPLM-DC are banned political parties"
"text": "<p>Alliance for Democracy and the Republic<br>Alliance for Democratic Renewal or ARD-Adaltchi-Mutuntchi [Laouan MAGAGI] <br>Alliance of Movements for the Emergence of Niger or AMEN AMIN [Omar Hamidou TCHIANA]<br>Congress for the Republic or CPR-Inganci [Maradi Kassoum MOCTAR]<br>Democratic Alternation for Equity in Niger<br>Democratic and Republican Renewal-RDR-Tchanji [Mahamane OUSMANE]<br>Democratic Movement for the Emergence of Niger<br>National Movement for the Development of Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Seini OUMAROU]<br>Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya [Moussa Hassane BARAZE]<br>Nigerien Democratic Movement for an African Federation or MODEN/FA Lumana [Hama AMADOU]<br>Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya [Mahamadou ISSOUFOU]<br>Nigerien Patriotic Movement or MPN-Kishin Kassa [Ibrahim YACOUBA]<br>Nigerien Rally for Democracy and Peace<br>Patriotic Movement for the Republic or MPR-Jamhuriya [Albade ABOUBA]<br>Peace, Justice, ProgressGeneration Doubara<br>Rally for Democracy and Progress-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]<br>Rally for Peace and Progress<br>Social Democratic Rally or RSD-Gaskiyya [Amadou CHEIFFOU]<br>Social Democratic Party or PSD-Bassira [Sanoussi MAREINI]</p>",
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>only parties with seats in the National Assembly are listed<br><strong><br>note 2:</strong> the SPLM and SPLM-DC are banned political parties"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MINUSMA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> Niger is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 (now G4) Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), and Mauritania; it has committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force; as of 2022, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>Niger also has about 1,000 troops committed to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations are conducted periodically"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "as of 2022, the FAN was conducting counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations against Islamic militants on two fronts; in the Diffa region, the Nigeria-based Boko Haram terrorist group has conducted dozens of attacks on security forces, army bases, and civilians; on Niger&rsquo;s western border with Mali, the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham-West Africa (ISIS-WA) has conducted numerous attacks on security personnel; a series of ISIS-WA attacks on FAN forces near the Malian border in December of 2019 and January of 2020 resulted in the deaths of more than 170 soldiers; terrorist attacks continued into 2022 (2022)"
"text": "as of 2022, the FAN was conducting counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations against Islamic militants on at least two fronts; in the Diffa region, the Nigeria-based Boko Haram terrorist group has conducted dozens of attacks on security forces, army bases, and civilians; on Niger&rsquo;s western border with Mali, the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham-West Africa (ISIS-WA) has conducted numerous attacks on security personnel; a series of ISIS-WA attacks on FAN forces near the Malian border in December of 2019 and January of 2020 resulted in the deaths of more than 170 soldiers; terrorist attacks continued into 2022 (2022)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

View file

@ -675,7 +675,7 @@
"text": "Accord Party or ACC [Mohammad Lawal MALADO]<br>Africa Democratic Congress or ADC [Ralph Okey NWOSU] <br>All Progressives Congress or APC [<u>Abdullahi ADAMU</u>]<br>All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor Ike OYE]<br>Labor Party or LP [Julius ABURE]<br>Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Iyourchia AYU]<br>Young Progressive Party or YPP [Bishop AMAKIRI]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, D-8, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, CD, D-8, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

View file

@ -552,7 +552,7 @@
"text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "the city takes its name from nearby Mount Kigali; the name \"Kigali\" is composed of the Bantu prefix \"ki\" and the Rwandan \"gali\" meaning \"broad\" and likely refers to the broad, sprawling hill that has been dignified with the title of \"mount\""
"text": "the city takes its name from nearby Mount Kigali; the name \"Kigali\" is composed of the Bantu prefix <em>ki</em> and the Rwandan <em>gali</em> meaning \"broad\" and likely refers to the broad, sprawling hill that has been dignified with the title of \"mount\""
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {

View file

@ -577,7 +577,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Linyon Sanzman or LS [Martin AGLAE]<br>One Seychelles [Peter SINON]<br>Seychelles Party for Social Justice and Democracy or SPSJD [Vesna RAKIC]<br>Seychellois Democratic Alliance (Linyon Demokratik Seselwa) or LDS [Roger MANCIENNE] (includes SPSJD)<br>United Seychelles or US [Patrick HERMINIE] (formerly People's Party (Parti Lepep) or PL) "
"text": "Seychelles Party for Social Justice and Democracy or SPSJD [Vesna RAKIC]<br>Seychellois Democratic Alliance or LDS (Linyon Demokratik Seselwa/Union Démocratique Seychelloise) (coalition includes SNP and SPSJD) [Roger MANCIENNE]<br>Seychelles National Party or SNP [Wavel RAMKALAWAN]<br>United Seychelles or US [Patrick HERMINIE]<br><br><strong>note</strong>: only parties with seats in the National Assembly listed"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, C, CD, COMESA, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

View file

@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
"text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "Pretoria is named in honor of Andries PRETORIUS, the father of voortrekker (pioneer) leader Marthinus PRETORIUS; Cape Town reflects its location on the Cape of Good Hope; Bloemfontein is a combination of the Dutch words \"bloem\" (flower) and \"fontein\" (fountain) meaning \"fountain of flowers\""
"text": "Pretoria is named in honor of Andries PRETORIUS, the father of voortrekker (pioneer) leader Marthinus PRETORIUS; Cape Town reflects its location on the Cape of Good Hope; Bloemfontein is a combination of the Dutch words <em>bloem</em> (flower) and <em>fontein</em> (fountain) meaning \"fountain of flowers\""
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
@ -645,7 +645,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "African Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [Kenneth MESHOE]<br>African Independent Congress or AIC [Mandla GALO]<br>African National Congress or ANC [Cyril RAMAPHOSA]<br>African People's Convention or APC [Themba GODI] <br>Agang SA [Mike TSHISHONGA]<br>Congress of the People or COPE [Mosiuoa LEKOTA]<br>Democratic Alliance or DA [John STEENHUISEN]<br>Economic Freedom Fighters or EFF [Julius Sello MALEMA]<br>Freedom Front Plus or FF+ [Pieter GROENEWALD]<br>GOOD [Patricia de LILLE]<br>Inkatha Freedom Party or IFP [Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI]<br>National Freedom Party or NFP [Zanele kaMAGWAZA-MSIBI]<br>Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania or PAC [Luthanado MBINDA]<br>United Christian Democratic Party or UCDP [Isaac Sipho MFUNDISI]<br>United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]"
"text": "African Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [Kenneth MESHOE]<br>African Independent Congress or AIC [Mandla GALO]<br>African National Congress or ANC [Cyril RAMAPHOSA]<br>African People's Convention or APC [Themba GODI] <br>Agang SA [Andries TLOUAMMA]<br>Congress of the People or COPE [Mosiuoa LEKOTA]<br>Democratic Alliance or DA [John STEENHUISEN]<br>Economic Freedom Fighters or EFF [Julius Sello MALEMA]<br>Freedom Front Plus or FF+ [Pieter GROENEWALD]<br>GOOD [Patricia de LILLE]<br>Inkatha Freedom Party or IFP [Velenkosini HLABISA]<br>National Freedom Party or NFP [vacant]<br>Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania or PAC [Mzwanele NYHONTSO]<br>United Christian Democratic Party or UCDP [Modiri Desmond SEHUME]<br>United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BIS, BRICS, C, CD, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-24, G-5, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, NSG, OECD (enhanced engagement), OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"

View file

@ -666,10 +666,10 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alliance for Citizenship and Labor or ACT [Abdoul MBAYE]<br>Alliance for the Republic-Yakaar or APR [Macky SALL]<br>Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]<br>And-Jef/African Party for Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS [Mamadou DIOP Decriox]<br>Benno Bokk Yakaar or BBY (United in Hope) [Macky SALL] (coalition includes AFP, APR, BGC, LD-MPT, PIT, PS, and UNP)<br>Bokk Gis Gis coalition [Pape DIOP]<br>Citizen Movement for National Reform or MCRN-Bes Du Nakk [Mansour Sy DJAMIL]<br>Dare the Future movement [Aissata Tall SALL]<br>Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Abdoulaye BATHILY]<br>Democratic Renaissance Congress<br>Front for Socialism and Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ [Cheikh Abdoulaye Bamba DIEYE]<br>Gainde Centrist Bloc or BCG [Jean-Paul DIAS Mendes]<br>General Alliance for the Interests of the Republic or AGIR [Thierno BOCOUM]<br>Grand Party or GP [Malick GAKOU]<br>Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Maguette THIAM]<br>Jotna Coalition<br>Liberate the People (Yewwi Askan Wi) or YAW [Barthelemy DIAS, Ousmane SONKO, Khalifa SALL]<br>Madicke 2019 coalition [Madicke NIANG]<br>National Union for the People or UNP [Souleymane Ndene NDIAYE]<br>Only Senegal Movement [Pierre Goudiaby ATEPA]<br>Party for Truth and Development or PVD [Cheikh Ahmadou Kara MBAKE]<br>Party of Unity and Rally or PUR [Cheikh Mouhamadou Moustapha SY]<br>Patriotic Convergence Kaddu Askan Wi or CP-Kaddu Askan Wi [Abdoulaye BALDE]<br>Patriots of Senegal for Ethics, Work and Fraternity or PASTEF [Ousmane SONKO]<br>Rewmi Party [Idrissa SECK]<br>Save Senegal (Wallu Senegal Grand Coalition) or WS [Abdoulaye WADE] (coalition includes PDS, Jotna Coalition, Democratic Renaissance Congress)<br>Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]<br>Socialist Party or PS [vacant]<br>Tekki Movement [Mamadou Lamine DIALLO]"
"text": "Alliance for Citizenship and Work or ACT [Abdoul MBAYE]<br>Alliance for the Republic-Yakaar or APR [Macky SALL]<br>Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]<br>And-Jef/African Party for Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS [Landing SAVANE]<br>Benno Bokk Yakaar or BBY (United in Hope) [Mahammed DIONNE] (coalition includes AFP, APR, BGC, LD-MPT, PIT, PS, and UNP)<br>Bokk Gis Gis coalition [Pape DIOP]<br>Citizen Movement for National Reform or MCRN-Bes Du Nakk [Mansour Sy DJAMIL]<br>Dare the Future movement [Aissata Tall SALL]<br>Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Mamadou NDOYE]<br>Democratic Renaissance Congress [NA]<br>Front for Socialism and Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ [Cheikh Abdoulaye Bamba DIEYE]<br>Gainde Centrist Bloc or BCG [Jean-Paul DIAS Mendes]<br>General Alliance for the Interests of the Republic or AGIR [Thierno BOCOUM]<br>Grand Party or GP [Malick GAKOU]<br>Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Maguette THIAM]<br>Jotna Coalition [Dr Abdoulaye Niane]<br>Liberate the People (Yewwi Askan Wi) or YAW [Barthelemy DIAS, Ousmane SONKO, Khalifa SALL]<br>Madicke 2019 coalition [Madicke NIANG]<br>National Union for the People or UNP [Abdoul MBAYE]<br>Only Senegal Movement [Pierre Goudiaby ATEPA]<br>Party for Truth and Development or PVD [Cheikh Ahmadou Kara MBAKE]<br>Party of Unity and Rally or PUR [Cheikh Mouhamadou Moustapha SY]<br>Patriotic Convergence Kaddu Askan Wi or CP-Kaddu Askan Wi [Abdoulaye BALDE]<br>Patriots of Senegal for Ethics, Work and Fraternity or PASTEF [Ousmane SONKO]<br>Rewmi Party [Idrissa SECK]<br>Save Senegal (Wallu Senegal Grand Coalition) or WS [Abdoulaye WADE] (coalition includes PDS, Jotna Coalition, Democratic Renaissance Congress)<br>Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]<br>Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]<br>Tekki Movement [Mamadou Lamine DIALLO]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, CPLP (associate), ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, CPLP (associate), ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

View file

@ -643,7 +643,7 @@
"text": "All People's Congress or APC [Ernest Bai KOROMA]<br>Coalition for Change or C4C [Tamba R. SANDY]<br>National Grand Coalition or NGC [Dr. Dennis BRIGHT]<br>Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [Dr. Prince HARDING]<br>numerous other parties"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

View file

@ -583,12 +583,12 @@
"text": "bicameral Federal Parliament to consist of:<br>Senate (54 seats; senators indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 4-year terms)<br>House of the People (275 seats; members indirectly elected by electoral colleges, each consisting of 51 delegates selected by the 136 Traditional Elders in consultation with sub-clan elders; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Senate - first held on 10 October 2016; last held 27 July - 13 November 2021 (next to be held in 2025)<br>House of the People - first held 23 October - 10 November 2016 (next to be held September - October 2021 but postponed to November 2021 and extended numerous times to April 2022; next to be held in 2026)"
"text": "Senate - first held on 10 October 2016; last held 27 July - 13 November 2021 (next to be held in 2024)<br>House of the People - first held 23 October - 10 November 2016 (next scheduled for September - October 2021 but postponed to November 2021 and then extended numerous times until April 2022; next to be held in 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 40, women 14, percent of women 25.9%<br>House of the People - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 225, women 50, percent of women 22.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 19.5%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the inaugural House of the People was appointed in September 2012 by clan elders; in 2016 and 2017, the Federal Parliament became bicameral with elections scheduled for 10 October 2016 for the Upper House - renamed 'Senate' and 23 October to 10 November 2016 for the House of the People; while the elections were delayed, they were eventually held in most regions despite voting irregularities; on 27 December 2016, 41 Upper House senators and 242 House of the People Members of Parliament (MP) were sworn in"
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the inaugural House of the People was appointed in September 2012 by clan elders; in 2016 and 2017, the Federal Parliament became bicameral with indirect elections scheduled for 10 October 2016 for the Upper House - renamed 'Senate' and 23 October to 10 November 2016 for the House of the People; while the elections were delayed, they were eventually held in most regions despite voting irregularities; on 27 December 2016, 41 Upper House senators and 242 House of the People Members of Parliament (MP) were sworn in<br><strong><br>note 2: </strong>despite the formation of political parties in 2020, the 2021 parliamentary elections maintained a primarily clan-based system of appointments; seats in the legislature were apportioned to Somali member states and not by party representation <br><br><br><br><br>"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
@ -602,10 +602,11 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Cosmopolitan Democratic Party [Yarow Sharef ADEN]<br>Daljir Party or DP [Hassan MOALIM]<br>Democratic Green Party of Somalia or DGPS [Abdullahi Y. MAHAMOUD]<br>Democratic Party of Somalia or DPS [Maslah Mohamed SIAD]<br>Green Leaf for Democracy or GLED<br>Hiil Qaran<br>Justice and Communist Party [Mohamed NUR]<br>Justice and Development of Democracy and Self-Respectfulness Party or CAHDI [Abdirahman Abdigani IBRAHIM Bile]<br>Justice Party [SAKARIYE Haji]<br>Liberal Party of Somalia<br>National Democratic Party [Abdirashid ALI]<br>National Unity Party (Xisbiga MIdnimo-Quaran) [Abdurahman BAADIYOW]<br>Somali Green Party (local chapter of Federation of Green Parties of Africa)<br>Somali National Party or SNP [Mohammed Ameen Saeed AHMED]<br>Somali People's Party [Salad JEELE]<br>Somali Society Unity Party [Yasin MAALIM]<br>Tayo or TPP [Mohamed Abdullahi MOHAMED]<br>Tiir Party [Fadhil Sheik MOHAMUD]<br>Union for Peace and Development Party or PDP [HASSAN SHEIKH Mohamud]<br>United and Democratic Party [FAUZIA Haji]<br>United Somali Parliamentarians<br>United Somali Republican Party [Ali TIMA-JLIC]"
"text": "<p>select National Independent Electoral Commission (NIEC) approved parties (as of 2020):</p> <p>Cosmopolitan Democratic Party [Yarow Sharef ADEN]<br>Green Party [Ahmed HAJI]<br>Himilo Qaran Party [Sharif SHEIKH AHMED]<br>Ilays Party [Abdulkadir OSOBLE]<br>Justice and Reconciliation Party<br>National Progressive Party<br>Peace and Unity Party [Asha ABDALLA]<br>Qaransoor Party [Abdijabaar SHEIKH AHMED]<br>Qiimo Qaran Party<br>Security and Justice Party<br>Social Justice Party [Mohamed NUR, chairman]<br>Somali Labour Party[Ali Mohamed APOLLO, chairman]<br>Somali Republic Party [Abdinur Ahmed DARMAN, chairman]<br>Somali Social Unity Party or SSUP [Yaasiin Maaxi MACALIN]<br>Union for Peace and Development Party or PDP [HASSAN SHEIKH Mohamud]<br>Wadajir Party [Abdirahman Abdishakur WARSAME]</p> <p><br><br><br></p>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in 2017 an independent electoral commission (the NIEC) was inaugurated with a mandate to oversee the process of registration of political parties in the country; as of 2021, the NIEC had registered a total of 110 parties"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU (candidate), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, LAS, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU (candidate), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, LAS, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -1145,7 +1146,7 @@
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscription is authorized but not currently utilized (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "as of 2022, the Somali National Army (SNA) and supporting security and militia forces were actively conducting operations against the al-Shabaab terrorist group (see Appendix T); al-Shabaab controlled large parts of southern and central Somalia <br><br>as of 2022, a significant portion of the SNA was comprised of militia forces that were assessed to lack the discipline, structure, weapons, and overall capabilities for effective military operations; of the SNAs approximately 13 brigades, the most effective were assessed to be the US-trained Danab (\"Lightning\") Advanced Infantry Brigade and those of the Turkish-trained Gorgor (\"Eagle\") Special Division; as of 2022, the Danab Brigade numbered about 1,500 troops with an eventual projected strength of 3,000, while the Gorgor Division was estimated to have 4,500-5,000 trained troops<br><br>the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) operated in the country with the approval of the UN from 2007-2022; its peacekeeping mission included assisting Somali forces in providing security for a stable political process, enabling the gradual handing over of security responsibilities from AMISOM to the Somali security forces, and reducing the threat posed by al-Shabaab and other armed opposition groups; in April 2022, AMISOM was reconfigured and replaced with the AU Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS); the ATMIS mission is to support the Somalia Federal Government (FGS) in implementing the security objectives of the FGS's security transition plan, a comprehensive strategy developed by the FGS and its international partners in 2018 and updated in 2021 to gradually transfer security responsibilities from ATMIS to Somali security forces; ATMIS is projected to gradually reduce staffing from its 2022 level of about 20,000 personnel (civilians, military, and police) to zero by the end of 2024 <br><br>UN Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM; established 2013) is mandated by the Security Council to work with the FGS to support national reconciliation, provide advice on peace-building and state-building, monitor the human rights situation, and help coordinate the efforts of the international community; the UN Support Office in Somalia (UNSOS; established 2015) is responsible for providing logistical field support to ATMIS, UNSOM, and the Somali security forces on joint operations with ATMIS<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in Somalia (EUTM-S) has operated in the country since 2010; the EUTM provides advice and training to the Somali military; the US, UK, and Turkey maintain separate military training missions in Somalia (the US has also supported the SNA with air strikes); the UAE maintains a military presence in Somaliland (2022)"
"text": "as of 2022, the Somali National Army (SNA) and supporting security and militia forces were actively conducting operations against the al-Shabaab terrorist group (see Appendix T); al-Shabaab controlled large parts of southern and central Somalia <br><br>as of 2022, a significant portion of the SNA was comprised of militia forces that were assessed to lack the discipline, structure, weapons, and overall capabilities for effective military operations; of the SNAs approximately 13 brigades, the most effective were assessed to be the US-trained Danab (\"Lightning\") Advanced Infantry Brigade and those of the Turkish-trained Gorgor (\"Eagle\") Special Division; as of 2022, the Danab Brigade numbered about 1,500 troops with an eventual projected strength of 3,000, while the Gorgor Division was estimated to up to 5,000 trained troops<br><br>the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) operated in the country with the approval of the UN from 2007-2022; its peacekeeping mission included assisting Somali forces in providing security for a stable political process, enabling the gradual handing over of security responsibilities from AMISOM to the Somali security forces, and reducing the threat posed by al-Shabaab and other armed opposition groups; in April 2022, AMISOM was reconfigured and replaced with the AU Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS); the ATMIS mission is to support the Somalia Federal Government (FGS) in implementing the security objectives of the FGS's security transition plan, a comprehensive strategy developed by the FGS and its international partners in 2018 and updated in 2021 to gradually transfer security responsibilities from ATMIS to Somali security forces; ATMIS is projected to gradually reduce staffing from its 2022 level of about 20,000 personnel (civilians, military, and police) to zero by the end of 2024 <br><br>UN Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM; established 2013) is mandated by the Security Council to work with the FGS to support national reconciliation, provide advice on peace-building and state-building, monitor the human rights situation, and help coordinate the efforts of the international community; the UN Support Office in Somalia (UNSOS; established 2015) is responsible for providing logistical field support to ATMIS, UNSOM, and the Somali security forces on joint operations with ATMIS<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in Somalia (EUTM-S) has operated in the country since 2010; the EUTM provides advice and training to the Somali military; the US, UK, and Turkey maintain separate military training missions in Somalia (the US has also supported the SNA with air strikes); the UAE maintains a military presence in Somaliland (2022)"
},
"Maritime threats": {
"text": "<p>the International Maritime Bureaus (IMB) Piracy Reporting Center (PRC) received one incident of piracy and armed robbery in 2021 for the Horn of Africa; while there were no recorded incidents, the IMB PRC warns that Somalia pirates continue to possess the capacity to carry out attacks in the Somali basin and wider Indian Ocean; in particular, the report warns that, \"Masters and crew must remain vigilant and cautious when transiting these waters.\"; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, contributed to the drop in incidents; the EU naval mission, Operation ATALANTA, continues its operations in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean through 2022; naval units from China, India, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, the US, and other countries also operate in conjunction with EU forces; China has established a logistical base in Djibouti to support its deployed naval units in the Horn of Africa</p>"

View file

@ -645,7 +645,7 @@
"text": "<p>Major Parties with seats in the last National Assembly election (13-15 April 2015):<br><br>Collective Leadership Umma Party           <br>Democratic Unionist Party or DUP [Jalal al-DIGAIR]<br>Democratic Unionist PartyOriginal [Muhammad Uthman al-MIRGHANI]<br>Federal Umma Party [Fadl al-Sayed SHUAIB]                    <br>Freedom and Justice Party<br>National Freedom and Justice Party        <br>National Congress Party or NCP [Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR]           <br>National Umma Party or UP [Sadiq al-MAHDI]                    <br>Umma Reform and Development Party<br>United Umma Party<br><br>Major Parties as of April 2019: <br>Democratic Unionist Party [Muhammad Uthman al-MIRGHANI]<br>Democratic Unionist Party or DUP [Babika BABIKER]<br>Federal Umma Party [Dr. Ahmed Babikir NAHAR]<br>Muslim Brotherhood or MB [Sadig Abdalla ABDELMAJID and Dr. Yousif Al-Hibir Nor-ELDAYIM]<br>National Congress Party or NCP [Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR]<br>National Umma Party or NUP [Fadlallah Baramah NASSER]<br>Popular Congress Party or PCP [Nawal Al-KHIDIR]<br>Reform Movement Now [Dr. Ghazi Salahuddin al-ATABANI]<br>Sudan National Front [Ali Mahmud HASANAYN]<br>Sudanese Communist Party or SCP [Mohammed Moktar Al-KHATEEB]<br>Sudanese Congress Party or SCoP [Omar El DIGAIR]<br>Umma Party for Reform and Development [Mubarak Al-Fadul Al-MAHDI]<br>Unionist Movement Party or UMP [led by DUP Chair Mohammed Osama Al-MERGHANI]</p> <strong>note: </strong>the National Assembly was dissolved in April 2019 to be replaced some time in 2023 with a Transitional Legislative Council with as yet undetermined party affiliations; in November 2019, the transitional government banned the National Congress Party"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
"text": "ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

View file

@ -652,7 +652,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yaovi AGBOYIBO]<br>Alliance of Democrats for Integral Development or ADDI [Tchaboure GOGUE]<br>Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Brigitte ADJAMAGBO-JOHNSON]<br>Democratic Forces for the Republic or FDR [Dodji APEVON]<br>National Alliance for Change or ANC [Jean-Pierre FABRE]<br>New Togolese Commitment [Gerry TAAMA]<br>Pan-African National Party or PNP [Tikpi ATCHADAM]<br>Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]<br>Patriotic Movement for Democracy and Development or MPDD [Agbeyome KODJO] <br>Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR [Abi TCHESSA]<br>The Togolese Party [Nathaniel OLYMPIO]<br>Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO]<br>Union for the Republic or UNIR [Faure GNASSINGBE]"
"text": "Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Dodji APEVON]<br>Alliance of Democrats for Integral Development or ADDI [Tchaboure GOGUE]<br>Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Léopold GNININVI]<br>Democratic Forces for the Republic or FDR [Dodji APEVON]<br>National Alliance for Change or ANC [Jean-Pierre FABRE]<br>New Togolese Commitment [Gerry TAAMA]<br>Pan-African National Party or PNP [Tikpi ATCHADAM]<br>Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]<br>Patriotic Movement for Democracy and Development or MPDD [Agbeyome KODJO] <br>Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR [Abi TCHESSA]<br>The Togolese Party [Nathaniel OLYMPIO]<br>Union of Forces for Change or UFC [NA]<br>Union for the Republic or UNIR [Faure GNASSINGBE]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

View file

@ -654,7 +654,7 @@
"text": "Activist Party [Stephen BAMPIGGA]<br>Alliance for National Transformation or ANT [Alice ALASO, acting national coordinator]<br>Conservative Party [Walyemera Daniel MASUMBA]<br>Democratic Party or DP [Norbert MAO]<br>Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Patrick Oboi AMURIAT]<br>Justice Forum or JEEMA [Asuman BASALIRWA]<br>National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI]<br>National Unity Platform [Nkonge KIBALAMA]<br>Uganda People's Congress or UPC [James AKENA]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNOCI, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNOCI, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

View file

@ -610,7 +610,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "transitional President Lt. Col. Paul-Henri Sandaogo DAMIBA (since 2 February 2022); note - on 24 January 2022, a military junta led by DAMIBA, leader of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration, took power and ousted President Roch Marc Christian KABORE"
"text": "transitional President Capt Ibrahim TRAORE (since 30 September 2022); note - on 30 September 2022, a military junta led by TRAORE, took power and ousted President Lt. Col. Paul-Henri Sandaogo and took over as head of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration.<br>"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Albert OUEDRAOGO (since 3 March 2022); note - transitional President Lt. Col. DAMIBA appointed OUEDRAOGO Prime Minister on 3 March 2022; the position had been vacant since 24 January 2022 when the military ousted former Prime Minister Lassina ZERBO"
@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Burkina Faso is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G4 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), Mauritania, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; as of 2020, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "including the most recent in January 2022, the military has conducted seven coups since 1960; as of 2022, the military was also actively engaged in combat operations with terrorist groups linked to al-Qa'ida and ISIS, particularly in the northern and eastern regions; in the north, the terrorist group Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), a coalition of al-Qa'ida linked militant groups, has exploited ethnic tensions and perceptions of state neglect, as well as grievances over corruption, patronage politics, social stratification, and land disputes; in 2022, JNIM conducted attacks in 10 of the country's 13 provinces; the east is considered a stronghold of the Islamic State-Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) terrorist group (2022)"
"text": "including the most recent in October 2022, the military has conducted eight coups since 1960; as of 2022, the military was also actively engaged in combat operations with terrorist groups linked to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), particularly in the northern and eastern regions; in the north, Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), a coalition of al-Qa'ida linked militant groups, has exploited ethnic tensions and perceptions of state neglect, as well as grievances over corruption, patronage politics, social stratification, and land disputes; in 2022, JNIM conducted attacks in 10 of the country's 13 provinces; most of the attacks were assessed to be by the Macina Liberation Front (FLM) of the JNIM coalition; the ISIS-Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) terrorist group operated in the eastern part of the country (2022)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

View file

@ -644,7 +644,7 @@
"text": "All People's Party or APP [Vacant]<br>Christian Democratic Voice or CDV [Gothard KANDUME]<br>Landless People's Movement or LPM [Bernadus SWARTBOOI]<br>National Unity Democratic Organization or NUDO [Estes MUINJANGUE]<br>Namibian Economic Freedom Fighters or NEFF [Epafras MUKWIILONGO]<br>Popular Democratic Movement or PDM [McHenry VENAANI] (formerly Democratic Turnhalle Alliance or DTA) <br>Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Mike KAVEKOTORA]<br>Republican Party or RP [Henk MUDGE]<br>South West Africa National Union or SWANU [Charles KATJIVIRUE]<br>South West Africa People's Organization or SWAPO [Hage GEINGOB]<br>United Democratic Front or UDF [Apius AUCHAB]<br>United People's Movement or UPM [Jan J. VAN WYK]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP (associate observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP (associate observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

View file

@ -645,7 +645,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alliance for Democracy and Development or ADD [Charles MILUPI]<br>Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Edith NAWAKWI]<br>Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Felix MUTATI]<br>National Democratic Congress or NDC [Chishimba KAMBWILI]<br>Party of National Unity and Progress or PNUP [Highvie HAMUDUDU]<br>Patriotic Front or PF [Edgar LUNGU]<br>United Party for National Development or UPND [Hakainde HICHILEMA]"
"text": "Alliance for Democracy and Development or ADD [Charles MILUPI]<br>Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Edith NAWAKWI]<br>Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Dr. Nevers MUMBA]<br>Party of National Unity and Progress or PNUP [Highvie HAMUDUDU]<br>Patriotic Front or PF [Edgar LUNGU]<br>United Party for National Development or UPND [Hakainde HICHILEMA]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

View file

@ -568,7 +568,7 @@
"text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "named after a village of Harare at the site of the present capital; the village name derived from a Shona chieftain, Ne-harawa, whose name meant \"he who does not sleep\""
"text": "named after a village of Harare at the site of the present capital; the village name derived from a Shona chieftain, NE-HARAWA, whose name meant \"he who does not sleep\""
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
@ -651,10 +651,10 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "MDC Alliance [Nelson CHAMISA] <br>Movement for Democratic Change - MDC-T [Douglas MWONZORA]<br>National People's Party or NPP [Joyce MUJURU] (formerly Zimbabwe People First or ZimPF)<br>Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA]<br>Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Sibangalizwe NKOMO]"
"text": "Citizens Coalition for Change [Nelson CHAMISA] <br>Movement for Democratic Change - MDC-T [Douglas MWONZORA]<br>National People's Party or NPP [Conrad SANGMA] (formerly Zimbabwe People First or ZimPF)<br>Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA]<br>Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Michael NKOMO]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {