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up json
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Gerald Bauer
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6ed42bc0bc
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244 changed files with 6174 additions and 4561 deletions
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@ -385,6 +385,17 @@
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"International law organization participation": {
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"text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
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},
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"Citizenship": {
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"birthright citizenship": {
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"text": "no, unless one parent is a citizen or permenent resident"
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},
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"dual citizenship recognized": {
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"text": "yes"
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},
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"residency requirement for naturalization": {
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"text": "4 years"
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}
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},
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"Suffrage": {
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"text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory"
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},
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@ -393,7 +404,7 @@
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"text": "Queen of Australia ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Sir Peter COSGROVE (since 28 March 2014)"
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},
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"head of government": {
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"text": "Prime Minister Malcomb TURNBULL (since 15 September 2015); Deputy Prime Minister Warren TRUSS (since 18 September 2013)"
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"text": "Prime Minister Malcolm TURNBULL (since 15 September 2015); Deputy Prime Minister Warren TRUSS (since 18 September 2013)"
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},
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"cabinet": {
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"text": "Cabinet nominated by the prime minister from among members of Parliament and sworn in by the governor general"
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@ -410,7 +421,7 @@
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"text": "Senate - last held on 7 September 2013; House of Representatives - last held on 7 September 2013 (the latest a simultaneous half-Senate and House of Representative elections can be held is 30 November 2016)"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "Senate NA; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Liberal/National Coalition 53.45%, Australian Labor Party 46.55%; seats by party - Liberal/National Coalition 90 (Liberal 58, Liberal National 22, Nationals 9, Country Liberals 1), Australian Labor Party 55, Australian Greens Party 1, Katter's Australian Party 1, Palmer United Party 1, independents 2"
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"text": "Senate - seats by party - ALP 12, Lib 8, Liberal/National Coalition 5, The Greens 4, LNP 3, PUP 3, CLP 1, Family First 1, LDP 1, Motor Enthusiasts 1, Nick Kenophon Group 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Liberal/National Coalition 45.6%, ALP 33.4%, Greens 8.7%, PUP 5.5%, Katter's Australian Party 1.0%, other 4.5%, independent 1.4%; seats by party - Liberal/National Coalition 90 (Lib 58, LNP 22, Nats 9, CLP 1), ALP 55, Greens 1, Katter's Australian Party 1, PUP 1, independent 2"
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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@ -492,7 +503,7 @@
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},
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"Economy": {
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"Economy - overview": {
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"text": "Following two decades of continuous growth, low unemployment, contained inflation, very low public debt, and a strong and stable financial system, Australia enters 2015 facing a range of growth constraints, principally driven by a sharp fall in global prices of key export commodities. Although demand for resources and energy from Asia and especially China has grown rapidly, creating a channel for resources investments and growth in commodity exports, sharp drops in current prices have already impacted growth. The services sector is the largest part of the Australian economy, accounting for about 70% of GDP and 75% of jobs. Australia was comparatively unaffected by the global financial crisis as the banking system has remained strong and inflation is under control. Australia has benefited from a dramatic surge in its terms of trade in recent years, although this trend could reverse or slow due to falling global commodity prices. Australia is a significant exporter of natural resources, energy, and food. Australia's abundant and diverse natural resources attract high levels of foreign investment and include extensive reserves of coal, iron, copper, gold, natural gas, uranium, and renewable energy sources. A series of major investments, such as the US$40 billion Gorgon Liquid Natural Gas project, will significantly expand the resources sector. Australia is an open market with minimal restrictions on imports of goods and services. The process of opening up has increased productivity, stimulated growth, and made the economy more flexible and dynamic. Australia plays an active role in the World Trade Organization, APEC, the G20, and other trade forums. Australia entered into free trade agreements (FTAs) with the Republic of Korea and Japan, and concluded an FTA with China, in 2014, adding to existing FTAs with Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, and the US, and a regional FTA with ASEAN and New Zealand. Australia continues to negotiate bilateral agreements with India and Indonesia, as well as larger agreements with its Pacific neighbors and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, and an Asia-wide Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership that includes the ten ASEAN countries and China, Japan, Korea, New Zealand and India. Australia is also working on the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement with Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the US, and Vietnam."
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"text": "Following two decades of continuous growth, low unemployment, contained inflation, very low public debt, and a strong and stable financial system, Australia enters 2015 facing a range of growth constraints, principally driven by a sharp fall in global prices of key export commodities. Although demand for resources and energy from Asia and especially China has grown rapidly, creating a channel for resources investments and growth in commodity exports, sharp drops in current prices have already impacted growth. ++ ++ The services sector is the largest part of the Australian economy, accounting for about 70% of GDP and 75% of jobs. Australia was comparatively unaffected by the global financial crisis as the banking system has remained strong and inflation is under control. ++ ++ Australia has benefited from a dramatic surge in its terms of trade in recent years, although this trend could reverse or slow due to falling global commodity prices. Australia is a significant exporter of natural resources, energy, and food. Australia's abundant and diverse natural resources attract high levels of foreign investment and include extensive reserves of coal, iron, copper, gold, natural gas, uranium, and renewable energy sources. A series of major investments, such as the US$40 billion Gorgon Liquid Natural Gas project, will significantly expand the resources sector. ++ ++ Australia is an open market with minimal restrictions on imports of goods and services. The process of opening up has increased productivity, stimulated growth, and made the economy more flexible and dynamic. Australia plays an active role in the World Trade Organization, APEC, the G20, and other trade forums. Australia entered into free trade agreements (FTAs) with the Republic of Korea and Japan, and concluded an FTA with China, in 2014, adding to existing FTAs with Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, and the US, and a regional FTA with ASEAN and New Zealand. Australia continues to negotiate bilateral agreements with India and Indonesia, as well as larger agreements with its Pacific neighbors and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, and an Asia-wide Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership that includes the ten ASEAN countries and China, Japan, Korea, New Zealand and India. Australia is also working on the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement with Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the US, and Vietnam."
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},
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"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"text": "$1.095 trillion (2014 est.) ++ $1.066 trillion (2013 est.) ++ $1.045 trillion (2012 est.)",
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@ -655,7 +666,7 @@
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"text": "$65.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $52.8 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
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},
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"Debt - external": {
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"text": "$1.48 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.459 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)"
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"text": "$1.381 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $1.374 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)"
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},
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"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home": {
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"text": "$646.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $593.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
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@ -669,10 +680,10 @@
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},
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"Energy": {
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"Electricity - production": {
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"text": "239.7 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
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"text": "235.2 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Electricity - consumption": {
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"text": "226.9 billion kWh (2011 est.)"
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"text": "222.6 billion kWh (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Electricity - exports": {
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"text": "0 kWh (2013 est.)"
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@ -681,55 +692,55 @@
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"text": "0 kWh (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
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"text": "61.94 million kW (2011 est.)"
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"text": "63.25 million kW (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
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"text": "79.7% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
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"text": "78.5% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
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"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
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"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
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"text": "13.2% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
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"text": "12.7% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
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"text": "7.1% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
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"text": "7.6% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Crude oil - production": {
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"text": "410,600 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
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"text": "354,300 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
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},
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"Crude oil - exports": {
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"text": "261,300 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
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"text": "235,400 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Crude oil - imports": {
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"text": "503,100 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
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"text": "461,900 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Crude oil - proved reserves": {
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"text": "1.433 billion bbl (1 January 2014 est.)"
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"text": "1.193 billion bbl (1 January 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Refined petroleum products - production": {
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"text": "659,700 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
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"text": "630,600 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
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"text": "1.083 million bbl/day (2013 est.)"
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"text": "1.082 million bbl/day (2014 est.)"
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},
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"Refined petroleum products - exports": {
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"text": "70,810 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
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"text": "53,600 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Refined petroleum products - imports": {
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"text": "386,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
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"text": "424,000 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Natural gas - production": {
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"text": "61.7 billion cu m (2013 est.)"
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"text": "62.72 billion cu m (2014 est.)"
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},
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"Natural gas - consumption": {
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"text": "35.65 billion cu m (2013 est.)"
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"text": "38.79 billion cu m (2014 est.)"
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},
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"Natural gas - exports": {
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"text": "32.56 billion cu m (2013 est.)"
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"text": "31.62 billion cu m (2014 est.)"
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},
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"Natural gas - imports": {
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"text": "6.517 billion cu m (2013 est.)"
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"text": "6.937 billion cu m (2014 est.)"
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},
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"Natural gas - proved reserves": {
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"text": "1.219 trillion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)"
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