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up json
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@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
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"total": {
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"text": "7,908 km"
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},
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"border countries (7)": {
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"border countries": {
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"text": "Algeria 1,359 km, Burkina Faso 1,325 km, Cote d'Ivoire 599 km, Guinea 1,062 km, Mauritania 2,236 km, Niger 838 km, Senegal 489 km"
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}
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},
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@ -420,10 +420,10 @@
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"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in two rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)"
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},
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"elections": {
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"text": "last held in two rounds on 24 November 2013 and on 15 December 2013 (next to be held in 2018); note - the scheduled July 2012 election was cancelled due to a coup d'etat and the Tuareg Rebellion"
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"text": "last held in two rounds on 24 November and 15 December 2013 (next to be held in 2018); note - the scheduled July 2012 election was canceled due to a coup d'etat and the Tuareg Rebellion"
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},
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"election results": {
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"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FDR coalition 64 (RPM 61, PARENA 3), ADP coalition 42 (ADEMA 20, URD 18, CNID 4), FARE 5, CODEM 5, SADI 4, ASMA-CFP 4, Yelema 2, independent 16, other 5; note - 13 seats were from voters abroad"
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"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FDR coalition 69 (RPM 66, PARENA 3), ADP coalition 31 (ADEMA-PASG 16, URD 17, CNID 4), FARE 6, CODEM 5, SADI 5, ASMA-CFP 3, PDES 3, MPR 3, independent 4, other 12; note - 13 seats were from voters abroad"
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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@ -438,7 +438,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Political parties and leaders": {
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"text": "African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO, Secretary General] ++ Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Dionconda TRAORE] ++ Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP (a coalition of political parties including ADEMA and URD formed in December 2006 to support the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE) ++ Alliance for Democratic Change (political group comprised mainly of Tuareg from Mali's northern region) ++ Alliance for the Solidarity of Mali-Convergence of Patriotic Forces or ASMA-CFP [Soumeylou Boubeye MAIGA] ++ Alternative Forces for Renewal and Emergence or FARE [Modibo SIDIBE] ++ Convergence for the development of Mali or CODEM [Housseyni GUINDO] ++ Economic and Social Development Party or PDES [Jamille BITTAR] ++ Front for Democracy and the Republic or FDR (a coalition of political parties including RPM and PARENA formed to oppose the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE) ++ Movement for a Common Destiny or MODEC [Koniba SIDIBE] ++ National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL] ++ Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Mady KONATE] ++ Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME] ++ Patriotic Movement for Renewal or MPR [Choguel Kokalla MAIGA] ++ Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [Amadou Ali NIANGADOU] ++ Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA] (ruling party) ++ Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Bamou TOURE] ++ Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Tieman Hubert COULIBALY] ++ Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Younoussi TOURE] ++ Yelema [Moussa MARA]"
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"text": "African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO] ++ Alliance for Democracy in Mali-Pan-African Party for Liberty, Solidarity, and Justice or ADEMA-PASJ [Dionconda TRAORE] ++ Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP (coalition including ADEMA and URD formed in December 2006 to support the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE) ++ Alliance for the Solidarity of Mali-Convergence of Patriotic Forces or ASMA-CFP [Soumeylou Boubeye MAIGA] ++ Alternative Forces for Renewal and Emergence or FARE [Modibo SIDIBE] ++ Convergence for the Development of Mali or CODEM [Housseyni Amion GUINDO] ++ Economic and Social Development Party or PDES [Jamille BITTAR] ++ Front for Democracy and the Republic or FDR (coalition including RPM and PARENA formed to oppose the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE) ++ National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL] ++ Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME] ++ Patriotic Movement for Renewal or MPR [Choguel Kokalla MAIGA] ++ Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA] (ruling party) ++ Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Younoussi TOURE]"
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},
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"Political pressure groups and leaders": {
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"other": {
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@ -502,7 +502,7 @@
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},
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"Economy": {
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"Economy - overview": {
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"text": "Among the 25 poorest countries in the world, Mali is a landlocked country that depends on gold mining and agricultural exports for revenue. The country's fiscal status fluctuates with gold and agricultural commodity prices and the harvest; cotton and gold exports make up around 80% of export earnings. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger River and about 65% of its land area is desert or semidesert. About 10% of the population is nomadic and about 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Mali remains dependent on foreign aid. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. Mali is developing its iron ore extraction industry to diversify foreign exchange earnings away from gold, but the pace will largely depend on global price trends. The government is subsidizing the production of cereals to decrease the country’s dependence on imported foodstuffs and to reduce its vulnerability to food price shocks. The main threat to Mali’s economy is a return to physical insecurity. Other long term threats to the economy include high population growth, corruption, a weak infrastructure, and low levels of human capital. The administration’s purchase of a presidential jet for $40 million and inflated defense contracts damaged it’s credibility and led the IMF to temporarily suspend aid in 2014."
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"text": "Among the 25 poorest countries in the world, Mali is a landlocked country that depends on gold mining and agricultural exports for revenue. The country's fiscal status fluctuates with gold and agricultural commodity prices and the harvest; cotton and gold exports make up around 80% of export earnings. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger River and about 65% of its land area is desert or semidesert. About 10% of the population is nomadic and about 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Mali remains dependent on foreign aid. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. Mali is developing its iron ore extraction industry to diversify foreign exchange earnings away from gold, but the pace will largely depend on global price trends. The government is subsidizing the production of cereals to decrease the country’s dependence on imported foodstuffs and to reduce its vulnerability to food price shocks. The main threat to Mali’s economy is a return to physical insecurity. Other long term threats to the economy include high population growth, corruption, a weak infrastructure, and low levels of human capital. The administration’s purchase of a presidential jet for $40 million and inflated defense contracts damaged its credibility and led the IMF to temporarily suspend aid in 2014."
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},
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"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
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"text": "$27.31 billion (2014 est.) ++ $25.56 billion (2013 est.) ++ $25.13 billion (2012 est.)",
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@ -653,7 +653,7 @@
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"text": "petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles"
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},
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"Imports - partners": {
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"text": "France 11.7%, Senegal 10.6%, Cote dIvoire 9%, China 7.7% (2014)"
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"text": "France 11.7%, Senegal 10.6%, Cote d'Ivoire 9%, China 7.7% (2014)"
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},
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"Debt - external": {
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"text": "$3.737 billion (31 December 2014 est.) ++ $3.431 billion (31 December 2013 est.)"
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@ -670,10 +670,10 @@
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},
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"Energy": {
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"Electricity - production": {
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"text": "520 million kWh (2011 est.)"
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"text": "949 million kWh (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Electricity - consumption": {
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"text": "483.6 million kWh (2011 est.)"
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"text": "882.6 million kWh (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Electricity - exports": {
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"text": "0 kWh (2013 est.)"
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@ -682,55 +682,55 @@
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"text": "0 kWh (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
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"text": "304,000 kW (2011 est.)"
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"text": "304,000 kW (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
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"text": "48.4% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
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"text": "48.4% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
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"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
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"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
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"text": "51.6% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
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"text": "51.6% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
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"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)"
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"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Crude oil - production": {
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"text": "0 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
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"text": "0 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
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},
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"Crude oil - exports": {
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"text": "0 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
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"text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Crude oil - imports": {
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"text": "0 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
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"text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Crude oil - proved reserves": {
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"text": "0 bbl (1 January 2014 est.)"
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"text": "0 bbl (1 January 2015 est.)"
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},
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"Refined petroleum products - production": {
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"text": "0 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
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"text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
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"text": "5,440 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
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"text": "4,700 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Refined petroleum products - exports": {
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"text": "0 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
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"text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Refined petroleum products - imports": {
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"text": "4,698 bbl/day (2010 est.)"
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"text": "4,698 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
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},
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"Natural gas - production": {
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"text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)"
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"text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Natural gas - consumption": {
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"text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)"
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"text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Natural gas - exports": {
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"text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)"
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"text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Natural gas - imports": {
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"text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)"
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"text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
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},
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"Natural gas - proved reserves": {
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"text": "0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)"
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