diff --git a/africa/ao-angola.json b/africa/ao-angola.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..adc88f84 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/ao-angola.json @@ -0,0 +1,621 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Angola is still rebuilding its country since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but fighting picked up again in 1993. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - during the more than a quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. President DOS SANTOS pushed through a new constitution in 2010; elections held in 2012 saw him installed as president." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "12 30 S, 18 30 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "1,246,700 sq km", + "land": "1,246,700 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly less than twice the size of Texas" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "5,198 km", + "border_countries": "Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "1,600 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Morro de Moco 2,620 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "3.29%", + "permanent_crops": "0.23%", + "other": "96.48% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "855.3 sq km (2005)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "148 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.71 cu km/yr (45%/34%/21%)", + "per_capita": "40.27 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Angolan(s)", + "adjective": "Angolan" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "18,565,269 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "43.5% (male 4,121,500/female 3,961,484)", + "15_24_years": "20.3% (male 1,922,114/female 1,855,689)", + "25_54_years": "29.2% (male 2,734,128/female 2,692,449)", + "55_64_years": "4% (male 358,337/female 378,231)", + "65_years_and_over": "2.9% (male 250,388/female 290,949) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "99.6 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "94.8 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "4.8 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "20.9 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "17.7 years", + "male": "17.5 years", + "female": "17.9 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.78% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "39.16 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "11.86 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "59.2% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.97% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "LUANDA (capital) 5.068 million; Huambo 979,000 (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.86 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "450 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "81.75 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "85.56 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "77.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "54.95 years", + "male": "53.83 years", + "female": "56.11 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "5.49 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "17.7% (2009)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "2.9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.08 physicians/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.8 beds/1,000 population (2005)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 60% of population; rural: 38% of population; total: 51% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 40% of population; rural: 62% of population; total: 49% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 85% of population; rural: 19% of population; total: 58% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 15% of population; rural: 81% of population; total: 42% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "2% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "200,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "11,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever, malaria", + "water_contact_disease": "schistosomiasis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "6.4% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "15.6% (2007)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "3.5% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "70.4%", + "male": "82.6%", + "female": "58.6% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "10 years (2010)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "832,895", + "percentage": "24 % (2001 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Angola", + "conventional_short_form": "Angola", + "local_long_form": "Republica de Angola", + "local_short_form": "Angola", + "former": "People's Republic of Angola" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic; multiparty presidential regime" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Luanda", + "geographic_coordinates": "8 50 S, 13 13 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Kwando Kubango, Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "11 November 1975 (from Portugal)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 11 November (1975)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "adopted by National Assembly 5 February 2010" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", + "elections": "president indirectly elected by National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term) under the 2010 constitution; note - according to the 2010 constitution, ballots are cast for parties rather than candidates, the leader of the party with the most votes becomes president; following the results of the 2012 legislative elections DOS SANTOS became president (eligible for a second term)", + "election_results": "NA; as leader of the MPLA, Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS became pesident following legislative elections on 31 August 2012; DOS SANTOS was inaugurated on 26 September 2012 to serve the first of a possible two terms under the 2010 constitution" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 31 August 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - MPLA 71.8%, UNITA 18.7%, CASA-CE 6.0%, PRS 1.7%, FNLA 1.1%, other 0.7%; seats by party - MPLA 175, UNITA 32, CASA-CE 8, PRS 3, FNLA 2" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (consists of the chief justice and NA judges; Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 members)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body presided over by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms", + "subordinate_courts": "provincial and municipal courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE [Abel CHIVUKUVUKU]; National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [Lucas NGONDA]; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party); Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975); Social Renewal Party or PRS [Eduardo KUANGANA]", + "note": "4 other parties qualified to participate in the national election in August 2012" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO]", + "note": "FLEC's small-scale armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province persists despite the signing of a peace accord with the government in August 2006; Several factions of FLEC have broken off over the past 30 years, including the FLEC-PM [Rodrigues Mingas], which was responsible for a deadly attack on the Togolese soccer team in 2010" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OPEC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Alberto do Carmo BENTO RIBEIRO", + "chancery": "2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 785-1156", + "fax": "[1] (202) 785-1258", + "consulates_general": "Houston, New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Christopher J. MCMULLEN", + "embassy": "number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda", + "mailing_address": "international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550", + "telephone": "[244] (222) 64-1000", + "fax": "[244] (222) 64-1232" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "Palanca Negra Gigante (giant black sable antelope)" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Angola Avante\" (Forward Angola)", + "lyrics_music": "Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO", + "note": "adopted 1975" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Angola's high growth rate in recent years was driven by high international prices for its oil. Angola became a member of OPEC in late 2006 and its current assigned a production quota of 1.65 million barrels a day (bbl/day). Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 85% of GDP. Diamond exports contribute an additional 5%. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported. Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Much of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, even though peace was established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI in February 2002. Since 2005, the government has used billions of dollars in credit lines from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. The global recession that started in 2008 temporarily stalled economic growth. Lower prices for oil and diamonds during the global recession slowed GDP growth to 2.4% in 2009, and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued $9 billion in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell in 2008 and 2009. Angola abandoned its currency peg in 2009, and in November 2009 signed onto an IMF Stand-By Arrangement loan of $1.4 billion to rebuild international reserves. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to about 10% in 2012. Higher oil prices have helped Angola turn a budget deficit of 8.6% of GDP in 2009 into an surplus of 12% of GDP in 2012. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, also is a major challenge." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$130.4 billion (2012 est.); $120.3 billion (2011 est.); $115.7 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$118.7 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "8.4% (2012 est.); 3.9% (2011 est.); 3.4% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$6,500 (2012 est.); $6,100 (2011 est.); $6,100 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "20.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 24% of GDP (2011 est.); 21.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "48%", + "government_consumption": "19.8%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "11.4%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "64.2%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-43.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "10.2%", + "industry": "61.4%", + "services": "28.4% (2011 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, cassava (manioc), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "8.468 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "85%", + "industry_and_services": "15% (2003 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "40.5% (2006 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "0.6%", + "highest_10%": "44.7% (2000)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$51.24 billion", + "expenditures": "$44.23 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "43.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "5.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "16.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 18.4% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "10.3% (2012 est.); 13.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "25% (31 December 2010 est.); 30% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "16.81% (31 December 2012 est.); 18.76% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$13.31 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $12.19 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$44.65 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $36.55 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$20.45 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $18.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "$17.09 billion (2012 est.); $15.92 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$69.26 billion (2012 est.); $67.31 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "China 45.8%, US 13.7%, India 11%, South Africa 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$22.86 billion (2012 est.); $20.23 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 20.8%, Portugal 19.5%, US 7.7%, South Africa 7.1%, Brazil 5.9% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$33.41 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $26.48 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$21.78 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $21.12 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$17.15 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $12.15 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$9.621 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.361 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "kwanza (AOA) per US dollar -; 95.468 (2012 est.); 93.935 (2011 est.); 91.906 (2010 est.); 79.33 (2009); 75.023 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "4.08 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "3.659 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "1.155 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "56.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "43.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "1.84 million bbl/day (2012 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "1.757 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "15 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "37,310 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "79,430 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "31,050 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "41,480 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "734 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "733 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "310 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "24.2 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "303,200 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "9.491 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed-lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; by 2010, the number of fixed-line providers had expanded to 5; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001", + "domestic": "only about two fixed-lines per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 50 telephones per 100 persons in 2011", + "international": "country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2009)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a half dozen private radio stations broadcast locally (2008)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".ao" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "20,703 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "606,700 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "176 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "31", + "over_3_047_m": "7", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "8", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "12", + "914_to_1_523_m": "4 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "145", + "over_3_047_m": "2", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "31", + "914_to_1_523_m": "66", + "under_914_m": "43 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "1 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "gas 352 km; liquid petroleum gas 85 km; oil 1,065 km; oil/gas/water 5 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "2,764 km", + "narrow_gauge": "2,641 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "51,429 km", + "paved": "5,349 km", + "unpaved": "46,080 km (2001)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "1,300 km (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "7", + "by_type": "cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1", + "foreign_owned": "1 (Spain 1)", + "registered_in_other_countries": "17 (Bahamas 6, Curacao 2, Cyprus 1, Liberia 1, Malta 7) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army) (2012)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "20-45 years of age for compulsory male and 18-45 years for voluntary male military service (registration at age 18 is mandatory); 20-45 years of age for voluntary female service; conscript service obligation - 2 years; Angolan citizenship required; the Navy (MGA) is entirely staffed with volunteers (2013)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "3,062,438", + "females_age_16_49": "2,964,262 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,546,781", + "females_age_16_49": "1,492,308 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "155,476", + "female": "152,054 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "3% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Democratic Republic of Congo accuses Angola of shifting monuments" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "20,740 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (2012)", + "idps": "19,500 (27-year civil war ending in 2002) (2005)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Angola is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor in agriculture, construction, domestic service, and diamond mines; some Angolan girls are forced into domestic prostitution, while some Angolan boys are taken to Namibia as forced laborers or are forced to be cross-border couriers; women and children are also forced into domestic service in South Africa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, and European countries; Vietnamese, Brazilian, and Chinese women are trafficked to Angola for prostitution, while Chinese, Southeast Asian, Namibian, and possibly Congolese migrants are subjected to forced labor in Angola's construction industry", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Angola does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; authorities opened one internal labor trafficking investigation but have not initiated the prosecution of any trafficking offenders, has never convicted a trafficking offender, and does not have a law specifically prohibiting all forms of trafficking; the government has not adopted amendments to the penal code reflecting the 2010 constitutional provision prohibiting human trafficking and has not finalized draft anti-trafficking legislation; the government has made minimal efforts to protect trafficking victims but continues to lack a systematic process for identifying trafficking victims and providing legal remedies to victims (2013)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/bj-benin.json b/africa/bj-benin.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f2c894fa --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/bj-benin.json @@ -0,0 +1,601 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Present day Benin was the site of Dahomey, a West African kingdom that rose to prominence in about 1600 and over the next two and half centuries became a regional power, largely based on its slave trade. Coastal areas of Dahomey began to be controlled by the French in the second half of the 19th century; the entire kingdom was conquered by 1894. French Dahomey achieved independence in 1960; it changed its name to the Republic of Benin in 1975. A succession of military governments ended in 1972 with the rise to power of Mathieu KEREKOU and the establishment of a government based on Marxist-Leninist principles. A move to representative government began in 1989. Two years later, free elections ushered in former Prime Minister Nicephore SOGLO as president, marking the first successful transfer of power in Africa from a dictatorship to a democracy. KEREKOU was returned to power by elections held in 1996 and 2001, though some irregularities were alleged. KEREKOU stepped down at the end of his second term in 2006 and was succeeded by Thomas YAYI Boni, a political outsider and independent. YAYI, who won a second five-year term in March 2011, has attempted to stem corruption and has strongly promoted accelerating Benin's economic growth." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Nigeria and Togo" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "9 30 N, 2 15 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "112,622 sq km", + "land": "110,622 sq km", + "water": "2,000 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "1,989 km", + "border_countries": "Burkina Faso 306 km, Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773 km, Togo 644 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "121 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Mont Sokbaro 658 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "22.48%", + "permanent_crops": "2.61%", + "other": "74.9% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "230.4 sq km (2008)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "26.39 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.13 cu km/yr (32%/23%/45%)", + "per_capita": "18.74 cu m/yr (2001)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north from December to March" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching threatens wildlife populations; deforestation; desertification" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "sandbanks create difficult access to a coast with no natural harbors, river mouths, or islands" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Beninese (singular and plural)", + "adjective": "Beninese" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Fon and related 39.2%, Adja and related 15.2%, Yoruba and related 12.3%, Bariba and related 9.2%, Peulh and related 7%, Ottamari and related 6.1%, Yoa-Lokpa and related 4%, Dendi and related 2.5%, other 1.6% (includes Europeans), unspecified 2.9% (2002 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Catholic 27.1%, Muslim 24.4%, Vodoun 17.3%, Protestant 10.4% (Celestial 5%, Methodist 3.2%, other Protestant 2.2%), other Christian 5.3%, other 15.5% (2002 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "9,877,292 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "44.1% (male 2,223,497/female 2,134,644)", + "15_24_years": "19.9% (male 1,001,845/female 967,664)", + "25_54_years": "29.7% (male 1,476,894/female 1,456,501)", + "55_64_years": "3.5% (male 143,594/female 200,424)", + "65_years_and_over": "2.8% (male 109,009/female 163,220) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "84 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "78.7 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.3 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "18.8 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "17.6 years", + "male": "17.2 years", + "female": "18 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.84% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "37.02 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "8.59 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "44.9% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "4.12% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "COTONOU (seat of government) 924,000; PORTO-NOVO (capital) 314,000 (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.71 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.67 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "20 (2006 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "350 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "58.54 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "61.76 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "55.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "60.67 years", + "male": "59.37 years", + "female": "62.04 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "5.13 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "12.9% (2012)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "4.1% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.06 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 84% of population; rural: 68% of population; total: 75% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 16% of population; rural: 32% of population; total: 25% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 25% of population; rural: 5% of population; total: 13% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 75% of population; rural: 95% of population; total: 87% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "1.2% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "60,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "2,700 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "very high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever", + "respiratory_disease": "meningococcal meningitis", + "animal_contact_disease": "rabies (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "6% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "20.2% (2006)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "5.4% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "42.4%", + "male": "55.2%", + "female": "30.3% (2010 census)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "9 years", + "male": "11 years", + "female": "8 years (2005)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "1,020,981", + "percentage": "46 % (2006 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "0.8%", + "male": "1.1%", + "female": "0.6% (2002)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Benin", + "conventional_short_form": "Benin", + "local_long_form": "Republique du Benin", + "local_short_form": "Benin", + "former": "Dahomey" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Porto-Novo (official capital)", + "geographic_coordinates": "6 29 N, 2 37 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "note": "Cotonou (seat of government)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "12 departments; Alibori, Atakora, Atlantique, Borgou, Collines, Kouffo, Donga, Littoral, Mono, Oueme, Plateau, Zou" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "1 August 1960 (from France)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "National Day, 1 August (1960)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "adopted by referendum 2 December 1990" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system modeled largely on the French system and some customary law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Thomas BONI YAYI (since 6 April 2006); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Thomas BONI YAYI (since 6 April 2006); Prime Minister Pascal KOUPAKI (since 28 May 2011)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); last held on 13 March 2011 (next to be held in March 2016)", + "election_results": "Thomas YAYI Boni re-elected president; percent of vote - Thomas YAYI Boni 53.1%, Adrien HOUNGBEDJI 35.6%, Abdoulaye Bio TCHANE 6.1%, other 5.2%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (83 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 30 April 2011 (next to be held in 2015)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FCBE 41, UN 30, other 12" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of the court president and 3 chamber presidents organized into an administrative division, judicial chamber, and chamber of accounts) Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle (consists of 7 members including the court president); High Court of Justice (consists of the Constitutional Court members, 6 members appointed by the National Assembly, and the Supreme Court president) note - jurisdiction of the High Court of Justice is to limited cases of high treason by the national president or members of the government", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court president and judges appointed by the national president upon the advice of the National Assembly; judges appointed for single renewable 5-year terms; Constitutional Court members - 4 appointed by the National Assembly and 3 by the national president; members appointed for single renewable 5-year terms; High Court of Justice \"other\" members elected by the National Assembly; member tenure NA", + "subordinate_courts": "Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; district courts; village courts; Assize courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "African Movement for Democracy and Progress or MADEP [Sefou FAGBOHOUN]; Alliance for Dynamic Democracy or ADD; Alliance of Progress Forces or AFP; Benin Renaissance or RB [Rosine SOGLO]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI]; Force Cowrie for an Emerging Benin or FCBE; Impulse for Progress and Democracy or IPD [Theophile NATA]; Key Force or FC [Lazare SÈHOUÉTO]; Movement for the People's Alternative or MAP [Olivier CAPO-CHICHI]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or PRD [Dominique HOUNGNINOU]; Social Democrat Party or PSD [Bruno AMOUSSOU]; Union for Democracy and National Solidarity or UDS [Sacca LAFIA]; Union for the Relief or UPR [Issa SALIFOU]; Union Makes the Nation or UN", + "note": "approximately 20 additional minor parties" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "other": "economic groups; environmentalists; political groups; teachers' unions and other educational groups" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Cyrille Segbe OGUIN", + "chancery": "2124 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 232-6656", + "fax": "[1] (202) 265-1996" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Susan TULLER", + "embassy": "Rue Caporal Bernard Anani, Cotonou", + "mailing_address": "01 B. P. 2012, Cotonou", + "telephone": "[229] 21-30-06-50", + "fax": "[229] 21-30-66-82" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and red (bottom) with a vertical green band on the hoist side; green symbolizes hope and revival, yellow wealth, and red courage", + "note": "uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "leopard" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"L'Aube Nouvelle\" (The Dawn of a New Day)", + "lyrics_music": "Gilbert Jean DAGNON", + "note": "adopted 1960" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "The economy of Benin remains underdeveloped and dependent on subsistence agriculture, cotton production, and regional trade. Growth in real output had averaged almost 4% before the global recession and it has returned to roughly that level in 2011-12. Inflation has subsided over the past several years. In order to raise growth, Benin plans to attract more foreign investment, place more emphasis on tourism, facilitate the development of new food processing systems and agricultural products, and encourage new information and communication technology. Specific projects to improve the business climate by reforms to the land tenure system, the commercial justice system, and the financial sector were included in Benin's $307 million Millennium Challenge Account grant signed in February 2006. The 2001 privatization policy continues in telecommunications, water, electricity, and agriculture. The Paris Club and bilateral creditors have eased the external debt situation with Benin benefiting from a G-8 debt reduction announced in July 2005, while pressing for more rapid structural reforms. An insufficient electrical supply continues to adversely affect Benin's economic growth though the government recently has taken steps to increase domestic power production. Private foreign direct investment is small, and foreign aid accounts for the majority of investment in infrastructure projects. Cotton, a key export, suffered from flooding in 2010-11, but high prices supported export earnings. The government agreed to a 25% increase in civil servant salaries in 2011, following a series of strikes, increasing pressure on the national budget. Benin has appealed for international assistance to mitigate piracy against commercial shipping in its territory." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$15.84 billion (2012 est.); $15.26 billion (2011 est.); $14.74 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$7.429 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.8% (2012 est.); 3.5% (2011 est.); 2.6% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,700 (2012 est.); $1,700 (2011 est.); $1,700 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "13.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 12.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 13.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "79.9%", + "government_consumption": "10.5%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "22.6%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.6%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "19.4%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-33% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "35.9%", + "industry": "6.4%", + "services": "57.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "cotton, corn, cassava (manioc), yams, beans, palm oil, peanuts, cashews; livestock" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "textiles, food processing, construction materials, cement" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.3% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "3.662 million (2007 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "37.4% (2007 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "3.1%", + "highest_10%": "29% (2003)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "36.5 (2003)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$1.407 billion", + "expenditures": "$1.671 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "18.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-3.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "28.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 29.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "6.8% (2012 est.); 2.7% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "4.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$1.903 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.715 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$2.95 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.716 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$1.63 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.475 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$625.3 million (2012 est.); -$699.9 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$1.55 billion (2012 est.); $1.593 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "cotton, cashews, shea butter, textiles, palm products, seafood" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "China 25.4%, India 24.6%, Lebanon 15.6%, Niger 4.8%, Nigeria 4.2% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$2.152 billion (2012 est.); $2.188 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "foodstuffs, capital goods, petroleum products" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "China 37.2%, US 8.9%, India 6.7%, France 5.6%, Malaysia 5.3% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$859.4 million (31 December 2012 est.); $887.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$1.403 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.327 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -; 510.53 (2012 est.); 471.87 (2011 est.); 495.28 (2010 est.); 472.19 (2009); 447.81 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "120 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "778 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "866 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "60,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "98.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "1.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "8 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "29,170 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "11,410 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "35,140 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "1.133 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "3.65 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "152,700 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "7.765 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "inadequate system of open-wire, microwave radio relay, and cellular connections; fixed-line network characterized by aging, deteriorating equipment", + "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity only about 2 per 100 persons; spurred by the presence of multiple mobile-cellular providers, cellular telephone subscribership has been increasing rapidly", + "international": "country code - 229; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; long distance fiber-optic links with Togo, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Nigeria; satellite earth stations - 7 (Intelsat-Atlantic Ocean) (2008)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state-run Office de Radiodiffusion et de Television du Benin (ORTB) operates a TV station with multiple channels giving it a wide broadcast reach; several privately owned TV stations broadcast from Cotonou; satellite TV subscription service is available; state-owned radio, under ORTB control, includes a national station supplemented by a number of regional stations; substantial number of privately owned radio broadcast stations; transmissions of a few international broadcasters are available on FM in Cotonou (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".bj" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "491 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "200,100 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "6 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "5", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "438 km", + "narrow_gauge": "438 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "16,000 km", + "paved": "1,400 km", + "unpaved": "14,600 km (2006)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "150 km (seasonal navigation on River Niger along northern border) (2011)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Cotonou" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Benin Armed Forces (Forces Armees Beninoises, FAB): Army (l'Arme de Terre), Benin Navy (Forces Navales Beninois, FNB), Benin Air Force (Force Aerienne du Benin, FAB) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-35 years of age for selective compulsory and voluntary military service; a higher education diploma is required; both sexes are eligible for military service; conscript tour of duty - 18 months (2013)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,095,373", + "females_age_16_49": "2,038,351 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,385,065", + "females_age_16_49": "1,400,045 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "108,496", + "female": "104,526 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River; Benin retains a border dispute with Burkina Faso around the town of Koualou; location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transshipment point used by traffickers for cocaine destined for Western Europe; vulnerable to money laundering due to poorly enforced financial regulations\r\n (2008)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/bw-botswana.json b/africa/bw-botswana.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..037360da --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/bw-botswana.json @@ -0,0 +1,590 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. More than four decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created one of the most stable economies in Africa. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has one of the world's highest known rates of HIV/AIDS infection, but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Southern Africa, north of South Africa" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "22 00 S, 24 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "581,730 sq km", + "land": "566,730 sq km", + "water": "15,000 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Texas" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "4,013 km", + "border_countries": "Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "0 km (landlocked)" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "none (landlocked)" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "semiarid; warm winters and hot summers" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m", + "highest_point": "Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "0.45%", + "permanent_crops": "0%", + "other": "99.55% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "14.39 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "12.24 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.19 cu km/yr (42%/19%/39%)", + "per_capita": "107.3 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "overgrazing; desertification; limited freshwater resources" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)", + "adjective": "Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, including Kgalagadi and white 7%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Setswana 78.2%, Kalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English (official) 2.1%, other 8.6%, unspecified 0.4% (2001 census)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Christian 71.6%, Badimo 6%, other 1.4%, unspecified 0.4%, none 20.6% (2001 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "2,127,825 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "33.2% (male 360,053/female 346,691)", + "15_24_years": "21.8% (male 229,713/female 233,546)", + "25_54_years": "36.7% (male 411,019/female 370,395)", + "55_64_years": "4.3% (male 40,639/female 51,305)", + "65_years_and_over": "4% (male 33,868/female 50,596) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "59.1 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "53.3 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "5.8 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "17.3 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "22.7 years", + "male": "22.6 years", + "female": "22.7 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.35% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "21.69 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "12.91 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "4.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population", + "note": "there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "61.7% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "2.07% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "GABORONE (capital) 202,000 (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.1 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.79 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.67 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "160 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "9.9 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "10.34 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "9.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "54.47 years", + "male": "55.98 years", + "female": "52.92 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.41 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "52.8%", + "note": "percent of women aged 12-49 (2007/08)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "8.3% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.34 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 92% of population; total: 96% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 8% of population; total: 4% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 75% of population; rural: 41% of population; total: 62% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 25% of population; rural: 59% of population; total: 38% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "24.8% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "320,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "5,800 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_disease": "malaria (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "11.2% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "11.2% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "7.8% of GDP (2009)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "85.1%", + "male": "84.6%", + "female": "85.6% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "12 years", + "male": "12 years", + "female": "12 years (2006)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "45,036", + "percentage": "9 %", + "note": "data represents children ages 7-17 (2006 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "13.6%", + "male": "13.2%", + "female": "14% (2000)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Botswana", + "conventional_short_form": "Botswana", + "local_long_form": "Republic of Botswana", + "local_short_form": "Botswana", + "former": "Bechuanaland" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "parliamentary republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Gaborone", + "geographic_coordinates": "24 38 S, 25 54 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "9 districts and 5 town councils*; Central, Francistown*, Gaborone*, Ghanzi, Jwaneng*, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, North East, North West, Selebi-Pikwe*, South East, Southern" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "30 September 1966 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day (Botswana Day), 30 September (1966)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "March 1965; effective 30 September 1966" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil law influenced by the Roman-Dutch model and also customary and common law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA (since 1 April 2008); Vice President Ponatshego KEDIKILWE (since 2 August 2012); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA (since 1 April 2008); Vice President Ponatshego KEDIKILWE (since 2 August 2012)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", + "elections": "president indirectly elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 October 2009 (next to be held in October 2014); vice president appointed by the president", + "election_results": "Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - NA" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a largely advisory 35-member body with 8 ex-officio members consisting of the chiefs of the principal tribes, and 27 non-permanent members serving five-year terms, of which 22 are indirectly elected with the remaining 5 appointed by the President) and the National Assembly (63 seats; 57 members directly elected by popular vote, 4 appointed by the majority party, and 2, the President and Attorney General, serve as ex-officio members; members serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "National Assembly elections last held on 16 October 2009 (next to be held in 2014)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - BDP 53.3%, BNF 21.9%, BCP 19.2%, BAM 2.3%, other 3.3%; seats by party - BDP 45, BNF 6, BCP 4, BAM 1, other 1" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Court of Appeal, High Court (each consists of a chief justice and number of other judges as prescribed by the Parliament)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Appeal and High Court chief justices appointed by the president and other judges appointed by the president upon the advice of the Judicial Service Commission; all judges appointed to serve until age 70", + "subordinate_courts": "Industrial Court (with circuits scheduled monthly in the capital city and in three districts); Magistrates Courts (one in each district); Customary Court of Appeal; Paramount Chief's Court/Urban Customary Court; Senior Chief's Representative Court; Chief's Representative’s Court; Headman's Court" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Dumelang SALESHANDO]; Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Daniel KWELAGOBE]; Botswana Movement for Democracy or BMD [Gomolemo MOTSWALEDI]; Botswana National Front or BNF [Duma BOKO]; Botswana Peoples Party or BPP [Bernard BALIKANI]; MELS Movement of Botswana or MELS [Themba JOINA]; New Democratic Front or NDF [Dick BAYFORD]", + "note": "a number of minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form the BAM but did not capture any parliamentary seats - includes the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]; the Independence Freedom Party or IFP [Motsamai MPHO]; the Botswana Progressive Union [D. K. KWELE]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "First People of the Kalahari (Bushman organization); Pitso Ya Ba Tswana; Society for the Promotion of Ikalanga Language (Kalanga elites)", + "other": "diamond mining companies" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Tebelelo Mazile SERETSE", + "chancery": "1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 244-4990", + "fax": "[1] (202) 244-4164" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Michelle D. GAVIN", + "embassy": "Embassy Drive, Government Enclave (off Khama Crescent), Gaborone", + "mailing_address": "Embassy Enclave, P. O. Box 90, Gaborone", + "telephone": "[267] 395-3982", + "fax": "[267] 318-0232" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center; the blue symbolizes water in the form of rain, while the black and white bands represent racial harmony" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "zebra" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Fatshe leno la rona\" (Our Land)", + "lyrics_music": "Kgalemang Tumedisco MOTSETE", + "note": "adopted 1966" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest economic growth rates since independence in 1966. However, economic growth was negative in 2009, with the industrial sector shrinking by 30%, after the global crisis reduced demand for Botswana's diamonds. Although the economy recovered in 2010, GDP growth has again slowed. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $16,800 in 2012. Two major investment services rank Botswana as the best credit risk in Africa. Diamond mining has fueled much of the expansion and currently accounts for more than one-third of GDP, 70-80% of export earnings, and about one-third of the government's revenues. Botswana's heavy reliance on a single luxury export was a critical factor in the sharp economic contraction of 2009. Tourism, financial services, subsistence farming, and cattle raising are other key sectors. According to official government statistics, unemployment reached 17.8% in 2009, but unofficial estimates run much higher. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is second highest in the world and threatens Botswana's impressive economic gains. An expected leveling off in diamond production within the next two decades overshadows long-term prospects. A major international diamond company signed a 10-year deal with Botswana in 2012 to move its rough stone sorting and trading division from London to Gaborone by the end of 2013. The move may support Botswana's downstream diamond industry." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$32.06 billion (2012 est.); $30.88 billion (2011 est.); $29.39 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$17.62 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.8% (2012 est.); 5.1% (2011 est.); 7% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$17,100 (2012 est.); $16,700 (2011 est.); $16,000 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "34.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 39.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 37.3% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "39.8%", + "government_consumption": "20.5%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "30%", + "investment_in_inventories": "5.4%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "35.7%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-43.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "2.1%", + "industry": "45%", + "services": "52.9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "livestock, sorghum, maize, millet, beans, sunflowers, groundnuts" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver; livestock processing; textiles" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "0% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "1.288 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "NA%", + "industry": "NA%", + "services": "NA%" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "17.8% (2009 est.); 7.5% (2007 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "30.3% (2003)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "63 (1993)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$5.508 billion", + "expenditures": "$5.393 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "31.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "0.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "14.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 17% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 April - 31 March" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "7.5% (2012 est.); 8.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "9.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 10% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "11% (31 December 2012 est.); 11% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$1.361 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.153 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$7.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$1.45 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.114 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$4.44 billion (31 December 2012); $4.107 billion (31 December 2011); $4.076 billion (31 December 2010)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "$231.3 million (2012 est.); $271 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$6.259 billion (2012 est.); $6.458 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$6.938 billion (2012 est.); $6.275 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$7.839 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $8.082 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$2.437 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.396 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "pulas (BWP) per US dollar -; 7.6179 (2012 est.); 6.8382 (2011 est.); 6.7936 (2010 est.); 7.1551 (2009); 6.7907 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "417 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "3.118 billion kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "2.89 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "132,000 kW (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "15,420 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "19,060 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "3.841 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "149,600 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "2.9 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "Botswana is participating in regional development efforts; expanding fully digital system with fiber-optic cables linking the major population centers in the east as well as a system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relays links, and radiotelephone communication stations", + "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity has declined in recent years and now stands at roughly 7 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity now pushing 140 telephones per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 267; international calls are made via satellite, using international direct dialing; 2 international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "2 TV stations - 1 state-owned and 1 privately owned; privately owned satellite TV subscription service is available; 2 state-owned national radio stations; 3 privately owned radio stations broadcast locally (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".bw" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "1,806 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "120,000 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "74 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "10", + "over_3_047_m": "2", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "6", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "64", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "5", + "914_to_1_523_m": "46", + "under_914_m": "13 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "888 km", + "narrow_gauge": "888 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "17,916 km", + "note": "includes 8,916 km of Public Highway Network roads (6,116 km paved and 2,800 km unpaved) and other 9,000 km of District Council roads (2011)" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Botswana Defense Force (BDF): Ground Forces Command, Air Wing Command, Defense Logistics Command, Special Forces Group (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "557,647", + "females_age_16_49": "531,095 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "340,949", + "females_age_16_49": "302,332 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "23,649", + "female": "23,063 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "2.8% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "none" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/dz-algeria.json b/africa/dz-algeria.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..58c0bc03 --- /dev/null +++ b/africa/dz-algeria.json @@ -0,0 +1,624 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "After more than a century of rule by France, Algerians fought through much of the 1950s to achieve independence in 1962. Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has largely dominated politics since. The Government of Algeria in 1988 instituted a multi-party system in response to public unrest, but the surprising first round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December 1991 balloting led the Algerian army to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. Fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense violence from 1992-98, resulting in over 100,000 deaths - many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. The government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s, and FIS's armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, with the backing of the military, won the presidency in 1999 in an election widely viewed as fraudulent. He was reelected to a second term in 2004 and overwhelmingly won a third term in 2009, after the government amended the constitution in 2008 to remove presidential term limits. Longstanding problems continue to face BOUTEFLIKA, including large-scale unemployment, a shortage of housing, unreliable electrical and water supplies, government inefficiencies and corruption, and the continuing activities of extremist militants. The Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) in 2006 merged with al-Qa'ida to form al-Qa'ida in the Lands of the Islamic Maghreb, which has launched an ongoing series of kidnappings and bombings targeting the Algerian Government and Western interests. The government in 2011 introduced some political reforms in response to the Arab Spring, including lifting the 19-year-old state of emergency restrictions and increasing women's quotas for elected assemblies. Parliamentary elections in May 2012 and municipal and provincial elections in November 2012 saw continued dominance by the FLN, with Islamist opposition parties performing poorly. Political protest activity in the country remained low in 2012, but small, sometimes violent socioeconomic demonstrations by disparate groups continued to be a common occurrence. Parliament in 2013 is expected to revise the constitution." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "28 00 N, 3 00 E" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Africa" + }, + "area": { + "total": "2,381,741 sq km", + "land": "2,381,741 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "6,343 km", + "border_countries": "Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km, Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "998 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_fishing_zone": "32-52 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Chott Melrhir -40 m", + "highest_point": "Tahat 3,003 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "3.15%", + "permanent_crops": "0.38%", + "other": "96.46% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "5,694 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "11.67 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "5.72 cu km/yr (26%/16%/58%)", + "per_capita": "182 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "largest country in Africa" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Algerian(s)", + "adjective": "Algerian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%", + "note": "although almost all Algerians are Berber in origin (not Arab), only a minority identify themselves as Berber, about 15% of the total population; these people live mostly in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of Algiers; the Berbers are also Muslim but identify with their Berber rather than Arab cultural heritage; Berbers have long agitated, sometimes violently, for autonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but has offered to begin sponsoring teaching Berber language in schools" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Arabic (official), French (lingua franca), Berber dialects: Kabylie Berber (Tamazight), Chaouia Berber (Tachawit), Mzab Berber, Tuareg Berber (Tamahaq)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99%, Christian and Jewish 1%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "38,087,812 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "28.1% (male 5,470,088/female 5,216,139)", + "15_24_years": "18.1% (male 3,536,416/female 3,371,819)", + "25_54_years": "42.7% (male 8,213,802/female 8,035,509)", + "55_64_years": "6% (male 1,172,528/female 1,128,015)", + "65_years_and_over": "5.1% (male 890,312/female 1,053,184) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "47.9 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "41.1 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.8 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "14.7 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "27 years", + "male": "26.7 years", + "female": "27.2 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.9% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "24.25 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "4.31 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-0.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "73% of total population (2011)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "2.49% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "ALGIERS (capital) 2.916 million; Oran 770,000 (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.84 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "97 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "22.57 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "24.4 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "20.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "76.18 years", + "male": "74.95 years", + "female": "77.47 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.78 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "61.4% (2006)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "4.2% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "1.21 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.7 beds/1,000 population (2004)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 85% of population; rural: 79% of population; total: 83% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 15% of population; rural: 21% of population; total: 17% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 88% of population; total: 95% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 12% of population; total: 5% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.1%; note - no country specific models provided (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "18,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "16% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "3.7% (2005)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "4.3% of GDP (2008)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "72.6%", + "male": "81.3%", + "female": "63.9% (2006 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "14 years", + "male": "14 years", + "female": "14 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "304,358", + "percentage": "5 % (2006 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "21.5%", + "male": "18.7%", + "female": "37.5% (2010)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "People's Democratic Republic of Algeria", + "conventional_short_form": "Algeria", + "local_long_form": "Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah", + "local_short_form": "Al Jaza'ir" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Algiers", + "geographic_coordinates": "36 45 N, 3 03 E", + "time_difference": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "48 provinces (wilayat, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanghasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "5 July 1962 (from France)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Revolution Day, 1 November (1954)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "8 September 1963; revised 19 November 1976; effective 22 November 1976; revised several times" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of French civil law and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials including several Supreme Court justices" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA (since 28 April 1999)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Abdelmalek SELLAL (since 3 September 2012)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 9 April 2009 (next to be held in April 2014)", + "election_results": "Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA reelected president for a third term; percent of vote - Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA 90.2%, Louisa HANOUNE 4.2%, Moussa TOUATI 2.3%, Djahid YOUNSI 1.4%, Ali Fawzi REBAINE less than 1%, Mohamed SAID less than 1%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Council of the Nation (upper house; 144 seats; one-third of the members appointed by the president, two-thirds elected by indirect vote to serve six-year terms; the constitution requires half the Council to be renewed every three years) and the National People's Assembly (lower house; 462 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "Council of the Nation - last held on 29 December 2012 (next to be held in December 2017); National People's Assembly - last held on 10 May 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", + "election_results": "Council of the Nation election of 29 December 2009 - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; National People's Assembly election of 10 May 2012 - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 221, RND 70, AAV 47, FFS 21, PT 17, FNA 9, El Adala 7, MPA 6, PFJ 5, FC 4, PNSD 4, other 32, independents 19" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 150 judges organized into four divisions: civil and commercial; social security and labor; criminal; and administrative; Constitutional Council (consists of 9 members including the court president) note - Algeria's judicial system does not include sharia courts", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the High Council of Magistracy, an administrative body presided over by the president of the republic, and includes the republic vice-president and several members; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Council members - 3 appointed by the president of the republic, 2 each by the two houses of the Parliament, 1 by the Supreme Court, and 1 by the Council of State; Council president and members appointed for single 6-year terms with half of the membership renewed every 3 years", + "subordinate_courts": "appellate or wilaya courts; first instance or daira tribunals" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Algerian National Front or FNA; Algerian Popular Movement or MPA; Front for Change or FC; Front for Justice and Development or El Adala; Green Algeria Alliance or AAV (includes Movement for National Reform, Islamic Renaissance Movement, and Movement of the Society of Peace or Hamas); Movement of the Society of Peace or MSP [Boudjerra SOLTANI]; National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND [Ahmed OUYAHIA]; National Liberation Front or FLN [Abdelaziz BELKHADEM, secretary general]; National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD; National Reform Movement or Islah [Ahmed ABDESLAM] (see Green Algeria Alliance); New Dawn Party or PFJ; Oath of 54 or Ahd 54 [Ali Fawzi REBAINE]; Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Said SADI]; Islamic Renaissance Movement or EnNahda Movement [Fatah RABEI]; Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Hocine AIT AHMED]; Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUNE]", + "note": "a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in March 1997" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "The Algerian Human Rights League or LADDH [Mostefa BOUCHACHI]; SOS Disparus [Nacera DUTOUR]" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BIS, CAEU, CD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Abdallah BAALI", + "chancery": "2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 265-2800", + "fax": "[1] (202) 986-5906", + "consulates_general": "New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Henry S. ENSHER", + "embassy": "05 Chemin Cheikh Bachir, El-Ibrahimi, El-Biar 16030 Algiers", + "mailing_address": "B. P. 408, Alger-Gare, 16030 Algiers", + "telephone": "[213] 770-08-2000", + "fax": "[213] 770-08-2064" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because the Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "star and crescent; fennec fox" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Kassaman\" (We Pledge)", + "lyrics_music": "Mufdi ZAKARIAH/Mohamed FAWZI", + "note": "adopted 1962; ZAKARIAH wrote \"Kassaman\" as a poem while imprisoned in Algiers by French colonial forces" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Algeria's economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. In recent years the Algerian Government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy. Hydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 60% of budget revenues, 30% of GDP, and over 95% of export earnings. Algeria has the 10th-largest reserves of natural gas in the world and is the sixth-largest gas exporter. It ranks 16th in oil reserves. Strong revenues from hydrocarbon exports have brought Algeria relative macroeconomic stability, with foreign currency reserves approaching $200 billion and a large budget stabilization fund available for tapping. In addition, Algeria's external debt is extremely low at about 2% of GDP. However, Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. The government's efforts have done little to reduce high youth unemployment rates or to address housing shortages. A wave of economic protests in February and March 2011 prompted the Algerian Government to offer more than $23 billion in public grants and retroactive salary and benefit increases, moves which continue to weigh on public finances. Long-term economic challenges include diversifying the economy away from its reliance on hydrocarbon exports, bolstering the private sector, attracting foreign investment, and providing adequate jobs for younger Algerians." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$277.4 billion (2012 est.); $270.5 billion (2011 est.); $264.2 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$207.8 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.5% (2012 est.); 2.4% (2011 est.); 3.6% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$7,600 (2012 est.); $7,500 (2011 est.); $7,500 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "41.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 45.1% of GDP (2011 est.); 48.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "30.2%", + "government_consumption": "27%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "31.5%", + "investment_in_inventories": "3.5%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "36.5%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-28.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "8.9%", + "industry": "60.9%", + "services": "30.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits; sheep, cattle" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "11.31 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "14%", + "industry": "13.4%", + "construction_and_public_works": "10%", + "trade": "14.6%", + "government": "32%", + "other": "16% (2003 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "10.2% (2012 est.); 10% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "23% (2006 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.8%", + "highest_10%": "26.8% (1995)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "35.3 (1995)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$81.23 billion", + "expenditures": "$84.82 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "39.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-1.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "7.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 8.4% of GDP (2011 est.)", + "note": "data cover central government debt; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "8.9% (2012 est.); 4.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "4% (31 December 2010 est.); 4% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "8% (31 December 2012 est.); 8% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$98.36 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $93.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$150 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $130.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$4.031 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $8.659 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "$19.95 billion (2012 est.); $19.7 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$71.81 billion (2012 est.); $72.88 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum products 97%" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 16.1%, Spain 13.9%, Canada 10.4%, Netherlands 8.4%, France 8%, Brazil 5.6%, UK 5.1% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$48.27 billion (2012 est.); $44.89 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "France 17.2%, China 11.5%, Spain 9.4%, Italy 9.1%, Germany 4.6% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$191.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $183.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$5.942 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.072 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$23.78 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $21.78 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$2.474 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.174 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -; 77.536 (2012 est.); 72.938 (2011 est.); 74.386 (2010 est.); 72.65 (2009); 63.25 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "40.22 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "31.39 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "405 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "369 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "10.38 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "97.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "2.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "1.885 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "697,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "8,152 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "12.26 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "447,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "316,400 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "446,500 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "11,700 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "84.61 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "28.82 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "55.79 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "4.502 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "110.9 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "3.059 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "35.616 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "privatization of Algeria's telecommunications sector began in 2000; three mobile cellular licenses have been issued and, in 2005, a consortium led by Egypt's Orascom Telecom won a 15-year license to build and operate a fixed-line network in Algeria; the license will allow Orascom to develop high-speed data and other specialized services and contribute to meeting the large unfulfilled demand for basic residential telephony; Internet broadband services began in 2003", + "domestic": "a limited network of fixed lines with a teledensity of less than 10 telephones per 100 persons has been offset by the rapid increase in mobile-cellular subscribership; in 2011, mobile-cellular teledensity was roughly 100 telephones per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 213; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 fiber-optic submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia; coaxial cable to Morocco and Tunisia; participant in Medarabtel; satellite earth stations - 51 (Intelsat, Intersputnik, and Arabsat) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state-run Radio-Television Algerienne operates the broadcast media and carries programming in Arabic, Berber dialects, and French; use of satellite dishes is widespread, providing easy access to European and Arab satellite stations; state-run radio operates several national networks and roughly 40 regional radio stations (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".dz" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "676 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "4.7 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "157 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "64", + "over_3_047_m": "12", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "29", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "17", + "914_to_1_523_m": "5", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "93", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "18", + "914_to_1_523_m": "39", + "under_914_m": "34 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "3 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "condensate 2,600 km; gas 16,415 km; liquid petroleum gas 3,447 km; oil 7,036 km; refined products 144 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "3,973 km", + "standard_gauge": "2,888 km 1.435-m gauge (283 km electrified)", + "narrow_gauge": "1,085 km 1.055-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "113,655 km", + "paved": "87,605 km (includes 645 km of expressways)", + "unpaved": "26,050 km (2010)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "38", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 6, cargo 8, chemical tanker 3, liquefied gas 11, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 3", + "foreign_owned": "15 (UK, 15) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Djendjene, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "People's National Army (Armee Nationale Populaire, ANP), Land Forces (Forces Terrestres, FT), Navy of the Republic of Algeria (Marine de la Republique Algerienne, MRA), Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Jaza'eriya, QJJ), Territorial Air Defense Force (2009)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "17 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 19-30 years of age for compulsory service; conscript service obligation is 18 months (6 months basic training, 12 months civil projects) (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "10,273,129", + "females_age_16_49": "10,114,552 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "8,622,897", + "females_age_16_49": "8,626,222 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "342,895", + "female": "330,098 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "4.3% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Algeria and many other states reject Moroccan administration of Western Sahara; the Polisario Front, exiled in Algeria, represents the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria and the National Liberation Front's (FLN) assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "90,000 (Western Saharan Sahrawi, mostly living in Algerian-sponsored camps in the southwestern Algerian town of Tindouf); 1,500 (Mali) (2013)", + "idps": "undetermined (civil war during 1990s) (2012)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Algeria is a transit and, to a lesser extent, a destination and source country for women, and, to a lesser extent, men subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; criminal networks, which sometimes extend to sub-Saharan Africa and to Europe, are involved in both human smuggling and trafficking; sub-Saharan adults enter Algeria voluntarily but illegally, often with the aid of smugglers, for onward travel to Europe, but some of the women are forced into prostitution; some Algerian women are also forced into prostitution; some sub-Saharan men, mostly from Mali, are forced into domestic servitude", + "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Algeria does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government has not held any perpetrators of sex trafficking or forced labor accountable with jail time; some trafficking victims are treated as illegal migrants and are subject to arrest, detention, and deportation because authorities continue to confuse human trafficking and smuggling; the government has not developed or employed systematic procedures for identifying trafficking victims and referring them for protective services; no public awareness campaigns are conducted and no plan of action was developed to complement Algeria's anti-trafficking law (2013)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file