apunkt/factbook.json
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europe/al.json
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@ -572,7 +572,7 @@
"text": "last held on 25 April 2021 (next to be held in 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party/coalition - PS 48.7%, PD-Alliance for Change 39.4%, LSI 6.8%, PSD 2.3%, other 2.8%; seats by party/coalition - PS 74, PD-Alliance for Change 59, LSI 4, PSD 3; composition as of February 2024 - men 90, women 50, percentage 35.7%"
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - PS 48.7%, PD-Alliance for Change 39.4%, LSI 6.8%, PSD 2.3%, other 2.8%; seats by party/coalition - PS 74, PD-Alliance for Change 59, LSI 4, PSD 3; composition as of February 2024 - men 90, women 50, percentage 35.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1216,9 +1216,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified<br><br></p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "47,247 (Ukraine) (as of 30 January 2024)"

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europe/an.json
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@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Spanish 34.3%, Andorran 32.1%, Portuguese 10%, French 5.6%, other 18% (2023 est.)",
"text": "Spanish 34.3%, Andorran 32.1%, Portuguese 10%, French 5.6%, other 18% (2024 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent population by country of birth"
},
"Languages": {
@ -478,13 +478,13 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Co-prince Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Patrick STROZDA (since 14 May 2017); and Co-prince Archbishop Joan-Enric VIVES i Sicilia (since 12 May 2003); represented by Josep Maria MAURI (since 20 July 2012)"
"text": "Co-prince Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Patrick STROZDA (since 14 May 2017); and Co-prince Archbishop Joan-Enric VIVES i Sicilia (since 12 May 2003); represented by Eduard Ibanez PULIDO (since 27 November 2023)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Xavier Espot ZAMORA (since 16 May 2019)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Executive Council of 12 ministers designated by the head of government"
"text": "Executive Council composed of head of government and 11 ministers designated by the head of government"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "head of government indirectly elected by the General Council (Andorran parliament), formally appointed by the co-princes for a 4-year term; election last held on 2 April 2023 (next to be held in April 2027); the leader of the majority party in the General Council is usually elected head of government"
@ -495,13 +495,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de les Valls (a minimum of 28 seats; 14 members directly elected in two-seat constituencies (7 parishes) by simple majority vote and 14 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms); note - voters cast two separate ballots - one for national election and one for their parish"
"text": "unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de les Valls (28 seats; 14 members directly elected in two-seat constituencies (7 parishes) by simple majority vote and 14 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms); note - voters cast two separate ballots - one for national election and one for their parish"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 2 April 2023 (next to be held in April 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party/coalition - DA, CC, L'A &amp; ACCIO alliance 43.6%, C 21.4%, AE 16%, PS &amp; SDP alliance 21.1%; seats by party/coalition - DA, CC, L'A &amp; ACCIO alliance 17, C 5, AE 3, PS &amp; SDP alliance 3; composition as of February 2024 - men 14, women 14, percentage women 50%"
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - DA, CC, L'A &amp; ACCIO alliance 43.6%, C 21.4%, AE 16%, PS &amp; SDP alliance 21.1%; seats by party/coalition - DA, CC, L'A &amp; ACCIO alliance 17, C 5, AE 3, PS &amp; SDP alliance 3; composition as of February 2024 - men 14, women 14, percentage women 50%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -516,7 +516,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Action for Andorra or ACCIO [Judith PALLARES]<br>Committed Citizens or CC [David BARO Riva]<br>Concord [Cerni ESCALE Cabre]<br>Democrats for Andorra or DA [Xaviar ESPOT ZAMORA]<br>Forward Andorra or AE [Carine Montaner RAYNAUD]<br>Liberals of Andorra or L'A [Joseph Maria CABANES]<br>Social Democracy and Progress or SDP [Victor NAUDI]<br>Social Democratic Party or PS [Pere Lopez AGRAS]",
"text": "Action for Andorra or ACCIO [Judith PALLARES]<br>Committed Citizens or CC [Carles NAUDI d'ARENY PLANDOLIT]<br>Concord [Cerni ESCALE Cabre]<br>Democrats for Andorra or DA [Xavier Espot ZAMORA]<br>Forward Andorra or AE [Carine Montaner RAYNAUD]<br>Liberals of Andorra or L'A [Josep Maria CABANES]<br>Social Democratic Party or PS [Pere Barao ROCAMONDE]<br>Social Democracy and Progress or SDP [Victor NAUDI]",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Andorra has several smaller parties at the parish level (one is Lauredian Union)"
},
"International organization participation": {
@ -813,13 +813,13 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Andorra has a modern telecommunications system with microwave radio relay connections between the exchanges and land line circuits to France and Spain (2020)"
"text": "Andorra has a modern telecommunications system with microwave radio relay connections between the exchanges and land line circuits to France and Spain (2023)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "about 63 per 100 fixed-line, 110 per 100 mobile-cellular (2021)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 376; landline circuits to France and Spain; modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges (2019)"
"text": "country code - 376; landline circuits to France and Spain; modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges (2023)"
}
},
"Broadcast media": {
@ -867,8 +867,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "none identified"
}
}
}

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europe/au.json
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@ -568,10 +568,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of:<br>Federal Council or Bundesrat (61 seats - currently 60; members appointed by state parliaments with each state receiving 3 to 12 seats in proportion to its population; members serve 5- or 6-year terms)<br>National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Federal Council - last appointed in 2021<br>National Council - last held on 29 September 2019 (next to be held by 23 October 2024)"
"text": "Federal Council - last appointed in 2021<br>National Council - last held on 29 September 2019 (next to be held by 23 October 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Federal Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 42.6%, SPOe 31.2%. FPOe 16.4%, The Greens 8.2%, NEOS 1.6%; seats by party - OeVP 26, SPOe 19, FPOe 10, The Greens 5, NEOS 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 32, women 28, percent of women 46.7%<br><br>National Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 37.5%, SPOe 21.2%, FPOe 16.2%, The Greens 13.9%, NEOS 8.1%, other 3.1%; seats by party - OeVP 71, SPOe 40, FPOe 31, The Greens 26, NEOS 15; composition as of February 2024 - men 109, women 74, percent of women 41%; note - total Federal Assembly percentage of women 42%"
"text": "Federal Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 42.6%, SPOe 31.2%. FPOe 16.4%, The Greens 8.2%, NEOS 1.6%; seats by party - OeVP 26, SPOe 19, FPOe 10, The Greens 5, NEOS 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 32, women 28, percentage women 46.7%<br><br>National Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP 37.5%, SPOe 21.2%, FPOe 16.2%, The Greens 13.9%, NEOS 8.1%, other 3.1%; seats by party - OeVP 71, SPOe 40, FPOe 31, The Greens 26, NEOS 15; composition as of February 2024 - men 109, women 74, percentage women 41%; total Federal Assembly percentage women 42%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1244,9 +1244,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "68,700 (Syria), 43,725 (Afghanistan), 10,110 (Iraq), 8,684 (Somalia), 7,294 (Iran), 6,124 (Russia) (mid-year 2022); 84,135 (Ukraine) (as of 11 March 2024)"

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europe/be.json
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@ -558,10 +558,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate or Senaat (in Dutch), Senat (in French) (60 seats; 50 members indirectly elected by the community and regional parliaments based on their election results, and 10 elected by the 50 other senators; members serve 5-year terms)<br>Chamber of Representatives or Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers (in Dutch), Chambre des Representants (in French) (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held 26 May 2019 (next to be held on 9 June 2024) <br>Chamber of Representatives - last held on 26 May 2019 (next to be held on 9 June 2024); note - elections coincided with the EU parliamentary elections"
"text": "Senate - last held 26 May 2019 (next to be held on 9 June 2024) <br>Chamber of Representatives - last held on 26 May 2019 (next to be held on 9 June 2024); note - elections coincided with the EU parliamentary elections"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - N-VA 15%, VB 12%, PS 12%, MR 12%, CD&amp;V 8.3%, Open VLD 8.3%, Ecolo 15%, SP.A 6.7%, CDH 3.3%, PVDA-PTB 8.3%; seats by party - N-VA 9, VB 7, PS 7, MR 7, CD&amp;V 5, Open VLD 5, Ecolo 9, SP.A 4, CDH 2, PVDA-PTB 5; composition as of February 2024 - men 34, women 26, percent percentage women 43.3%<br><br>Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - N-VA 16.7%, VB 12%, PS 13.3%, CD&amp;V 8%, PVDA-PTB 8%, Open VLD 8%, MR 9.3%, SP.A 6%, Ecolo 8.7%, Green 5.3%, CDH 3.3%, Defi 1.3%; seats by party - N-VA 25, VB 18, PS 20, CD&amp;V 12, PVDA+PTB 12, Open VLD 12, MR 14, SP.A 9, Ecolo 13, Green 8, CDH 5, Defi 2; composition as of February 2024 - men 86, women 64, percent age women 42.7%; note - total Parliament percentage women 42.9%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - N-VA 15%, VB 12%, PS 12%, MR 12%, CD&amp;V 8.3%, Open VLD 8.3%, Ecolo 15%, SP.A 6.7%, CDH 3.3%, PVDA-PTB 8.3%; seats by party - N-VA 9, VB 7, PS 7, MR 7, CD&amp;V 5, Open VLD 5, Ecolo 9, SP.A 4, CDH 2, PVDA-PTB 5; composition as of February 2024 - men 34, women 26, percent percentage women 43.3%<br><br>Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - N-VA 16.7%, VB 12%, PS 13.3%, CD&amp;V 8%, PVDA-PTB 8%, Open VLD 8%, MR 9.3%, SP.A 6%, Ecolo 8.7%, Green 5.3%, CDH 3.3%, Defi 1.3%; seats by party - N-VA 25, VB 18, PS 20, CD&amp;V 12, PVDA+PTB 12, Open VLD 12, MR 14, SP.A 9, Ecolo 13, Green 8, CDH 5, Defi 2; composition as of February 2024 - men 86, women 64, percentage women 42.7%; total Parliament percentage women 42.9%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the 1993 constitutional revision that further devolved Belgium into a federal state created three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; this reality leaves six governments, each with its own legislative assembly; changes above occurred since the sixth state reform"
},
@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> in 2023, women comprised nearly 11% of the military's full-time personnel<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> foreign nationals 18-34 years of age who speak Dutch or French and are citizens of EU countries, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland may apply to join the military"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "125 France (EuroCorps); 325 Eastern Europe (NATO); 100 Middle East; 325 Niger (2023)"
"text": "100 Middle East; Belgium has more than 300 ground forces deployed in Eastern Europe, as well as air and naval assets, supporting NATO missions for the defense of NATO's eastern flank (numbers vary based on the mission) (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Belgian military’s responsibilities include territorial defense, humanitarian/disaster relief, assistance to the police if required, international peacekeeping missions, and support to its NATO and EU security commitments, which Belgium considers vital components of its national security policy; outside of the country, the military operates almost always within an international organization or a coalition, such as its ongoing deployments to Africa for the EU and UN, eastern Europe as part of NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence mission, and the Middle East with an international coalition to combat the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham; Belgium was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) establishing NATO in 1949; it hosts the NATO headquarters in Brussels; Belgium also cooperates with neighboring countries, such as Luxembourg and the Netherlands, in conducting joint patrols of their respective air spaces and in a composite combined special operations command with Denmark and the Netherlands<br><br>the Belgian military is a small, professional, and all-volunteer force equipped with modern Western equipment; the Land Component’s combat forces are a motorized brigade and a special operations regiment; the Marine Component is a compact but active force that conducts a variety of missions ranging from territorial water patrols to humanitarian and counterpiracy operations, as well as support to multinational security operations; it has two frigates, which are supported by several patrol boats and mine warfare vessels; the Air Component has about 50 US-made F-16 fighter aircraft, which are slated to be replaced by US F-35 stealth multirole fighter aircraft by 2025 (2023)"
@ -1263,9 +1263,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "20,086 (Syria), 7,049 (Afghanistan), 5,769 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 75,030 (Ukraine) (as of 29 February 2024)"

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europe/bk.json
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"text": "House of Peoples - last held on 2 October 2022 (next to be held in 2026)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 2 October 2022 (next to be held in 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "House of Peoples - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - NA; composition as of January 2024 - men 13, women 2, percent of women 13.3%<br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - SDA 17.2%, SNSD 16.3%, HDZ BiH 8.8%, SDP 8.2%, SDS 7.1%, DF-GS 6.4%, NiP 5%, PDP 4.6%, NS/HC 3.1%, NES 3%, For Justice and Order 2.1%, DEMOS 1.9%, US 1.6%, BHI KF 1.3%, other 13.4%; seats by party/coalition - SDA 9, SNSD 6, SDP 5, HDZ BiH 4, DF-GS 3, NiP 3, SDS 2, PDP 2, NS/HC 2, NES 2, For Justice and Order 1, DEMOS 1, US 1, BHI KF 1; composition as of January 2024 - men 34, women 8, percent of women 19.1%; note - total Parliamentary Assembly percent of women 17.5%"
"text": "House of Peoples - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - NA; composition as of March 2024 - men 13, women 2, percentage women 13.3%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - SDA 17.2%, SNSD 16.3%, HDZ BiH 8.8%, SDP 8.2%, SDS 7.1%, DF-GS 6.4%, NiP 5%, PDP 4.6%, NS/HC 3.1%, NES 3%, For Justice and Order 2.1%, DEMOS 1.9%, US 1.6%, BHI KF 1.3%, other 13.4%; seats by party/coalition - SDA 9, SNSD 6, SDP 5, HDZ BiH 4, DF-GS 3, NiP 3, SDS 2, PDP 2, NS/HC 2, NES 2, For Justice and Order 1, DEMOS 1, US 1, BHI KF 1; composition as of March 2024 - men 34, women 8, percentage women 19.1%; total Parliamentary Assembly percentage women 17.5%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1198,9 +1198,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Bosnia and Herzegovina-Serbia:</em> Serbia delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina, but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute.<br><br><em>Bosnia and Herzegovina-Croatia:</em> none identified<br><br><em>Bosnia and Herzegovina-Montenegro:</em> none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"IDPs": {
"text": "91,000 (Bosnian Croats, Serbs, and Bosniaks displaced by inter-ethnic violence, human rights violations, and armed conflict during the 1992-95 war) (2022)"

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europe/bo.json
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"text": "bicameral National Assembly or Natsyyalny Skhod consists of:<br>Council of the Republic or Savet Respubliki (64 seats statutory, currently 58; 56 members indirectly elected by regional and Minsk city councils and 8 members appointed by the president; members serve 4-year terms)<br>House of Representatives or Palata Pradstawnikow (110 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Council of the Republic - indirect election last held on 7 November 2019<br>House of Representatives - last held on 25 February 2024 (next to be held in 2028)"
"text": "Council of the Republic - indirect election last held on 7 November 2019<br>House of Representatives - last held on 25 February 2024 (next to be held in 2028)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Council of the Republic - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 58, other 2; composition as of January 2024 - men 42, women 16, percentage women 27.6%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Belaya Rus 51, RPTS 8, CPB 7, LDPB 4, independent 40; composition as of February 2024 - men 73, women 37, percentage women 33.6%; note - total National Assembly percentage women 31.5%"
"text": "Council of the Republic - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 58, other 2; composition as of December 2023 - men 42, women 16, percentage women 27.6%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Belaya Rus 51, RPTS 8, CPB 7, LDPB 4, independent 40; composition as of March 2024 - men 73, women 37, percentage women 33.6%; note - total National Assembly percentage women 31.5%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the US does not recognize the legitimacy of the National Assembly"
},
@ -1247,9 +1247,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Belarus-Latvia:</em> boundary demarcated with Latvia<br><br><em>Belarus-Lithuania:</em> boundary demarcated with Lithuania.<br><br><em>Belarus-Poland:</em> as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Poland has implemented strict Schengen border rules to restrict illegal immigration and trade along its border with Belarus.</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "42,785 (Ukraine) (as of 29 February 2024)"

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europe/bu.json
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"text": "last held on 2 April 2023 (snap election to be held on 9 June 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - GERB-SDS 25.4%, PP-DB 23.5%, Revival 13.6%, DPS 13.2%, BSP for Bulgaria 8.6%, ITN 3.9%, other 11.8%; seats by party/coalition GERB-SDS 69, PP-DB 64, Revival 37, DPS 36, BSP for Bulgaria 23, ITN 11; composition as of January 2024 - men 179, women 61, percent of women 25.4%"
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - GERB-SDS 25.4%, PP-DB 23.5%, Revival 13.6%, DPS 13.2%, BSP for Bulgaria 8.6%, ITN 3.9%, other 11.8%; seats by party/coalition GERB-SDS 69, PP-DB 64, Revival 37, DPS 36, BSP for Bulgaria 23, ITN 11; composition as of March 2024 - men 179, women 61, percentage women 25.4%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1259,9 +1259,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "22,226 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 72,775 (Ukraine) (as of 8 March 2024)"

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europe/cy.json
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"text": "area under government control; last held on 30 May 2021 (next to be held in 2026); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: last held on 23 January 2022 (next to be held in 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>area under government control: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - DISY 27.8%, AKEL 22.3%, DIKO 11.3%, ELAM 6.8%, EDEK-SP 6.7%, DIPA 6.1%, Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Cooperation 4.4%, other 14.6%; seats by party/coalition - DISY 17, AKEL 15, DIKO 9, ELAM 4, EDEK-SP 4, DIPA 4, Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Cooperation 3; composition - men 48, women 8, percent of women 14.3%; area administered by Turkish Cypriots - \"Assembly of the Republic\" - percent of vote by party - UBP 39.5%, CTP 32%, DP 7.4%, HP 6.7%, YDP 6.4%, other 8%; seats by party - UBP 24, CTP 18, DP 3, HP 3, YDP 2; composition NA"
"text": "<br>area under government control: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - DISY 27.8%, AKEL 22.3%, DIKO 11.3%, ELAM 6.8%, EDEK-SP 6.7%, DIPA 6.1%, Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Cooperation 4.4%, other 14.6%; seats by party/coalition - DISY 17, AKEL 15, DIKO 9, ELAM 4, EDEK-SP 4, DIPA 4, Movement of Ecologists - Citizens' Cooperation 3; composition as of March 2024 - men 48, women 8, percent of women 14.3%<br><br>area administered by Turkish Cypriots - \"Assembly of the Republic\" - percent of vote by party - UBP 39.5%, CTP 32%, DP 7.4%, HP 6.7%, YDP 6.4%, other 8%; seats by party - UBP 24, CTP 18, DP 3, HP 3, YDP 2; composition NA"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1216,9 +1216,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>hostilities in 1974 divided the island into two de facto autonomous entities, the internationally recognized Cypriot Government and a Turkish-Cypriot community (north Cyprus); the 1,000-strong UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) has served in Cyprus since 1964 and maintains the buffer zone between north and south; on 1 May 2004, Cyprus entered the EU still divided, with the EU's body of legislation and standards (acquis communitaire) suspended in the north; has had maritime/economic exclusion zone disputes with Turkey, particularly over energy exploration</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "10,869 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 17,270 (Ukraine) (as of 11 February 2024)"

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europe/da.json
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@ -564,7 +564,7 @@
"text": "last held on 1 November 2022 (next to be held by 31 October 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - SDP 27.5%, V 13.3%, M 9.3%, SF 8.3%, E 8.1%, LA 8.1%, C 5.5%, EL 5.1%, SLP 3.8%, AP 3.3%, NB 3.3%, DF 2.6%; seats by party - SDP 50, V 23, M 16, SF 15, E 14, LA 14, C 10, EL 9, SLP 7, AP 6, NB 6, DF 5; composition as of January 2024 - men 98, women 81, percent of women 45.3%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - SDP 27.5%, V 13.3%, M 9.3%, SF 8.3%, E 8.1%, LA 8.1%, C 5.5%, EL 5.1%, SLP 3.8%, AP 3.3%, NB 3.3%, DF 2.6%; seats by party - SDP 50, V 23, M 16, SF 15, E 14, LA 14, C 10, EL 9, SLP 7, AP 6, NB 6, DF 5; composition as of March 2024 - men 98, women 81, percentage women 45.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1239,9 +1239,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; in 2019, Denmark signed continental shelf delimitation agreements with Iceland and Norway to parts of the continental shelf in the Ægir Basin, which is located north of the Faroe Islands</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "19,424 (Syria), 5,885 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2022); 37,530 (Ukraine) (as of 3 March 2024)"

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europe/ee.json
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},
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "(July 2022 est.) 450,858,381",
"note": "<strong>rank by population:</strong> <ol> <li>Germany - 84,316,622; </li> <li>France - 68,305,148; </li> <li>Italy - 61,095,551; </li> <li>Spain - 47,163,418; </li> <li>Poland - 38,093,101; </li> <li>Romania - 18,519,899; </li> <li>Netherlands - 17,400,824; </li> <li>Belgium - 11,847,338; </li> <li>Czechia - 10,705,384; </li> <li>Greece - 10,533,871; </li> <li>Sweden - 10,483,647; </li> <li>Portugal - 10,242,081; </li> <li>Hungary - 9,699,577; </li> <li>Austria - 8,913,088; </li> <li>Bulgaria - 6,873,253; </li> <li>Denmark - 5,920,767; </li> <li>Finland - 5,601,547; </li> <li>Slovakia - 5,431,252; </li> <li>Ireland - 5,275,004; </li> <li>Croatia - 4,188,853; </li> <li>Lithuania - 2,683,546; </li> <li>Slovenia - 2,101,208; </li> <li>Latvia - 1,842,226; </li> <li>Cyprus - 1,295,102; </li> <li>Estonia - 1,211,524; </li> <li>Luxembourg - 650,364; </li> <li>Malta - 464,186 (July 2022 est.)</li> </ol> "
"text": "450,858,381 (2022 est.)",
"note": "<strong>rank by population:</strong> <ol> <li>Germany - 84,316,622; </li> <li>France - 68,305,148; </li> <li>Italy - 61,095,551; </li> <li>Spain - 47,163,418; </li> <li>Poland - 38,093,101; </li> <li>Romania - 18,519,899; </li> <li>Netherlands - 17,400,824; </li> <li>Belgium - 11,847,338; </li> <li>Czechia - 10,705,384; </li> <li>Greece - 10,533,871; </li> <li>Sweden - 10,483,647; </li> <li>Portugal - 10,242,081; </li> <li>Hungary - 9,699,577; </li> <li>Austria - 8,913,088; </li> <li>Bulgaria - 6,873,253; </li> <li>Denmark - 5,920,767; </li> <li>Finland - 5,601,547; </li> <li>Slovakia - 5,431,252; </li> <li>Ireland - 5,275,004; </li> <li>Croatia - 4,188,853; </li> <li>Lithuania - 2,683,546; </li> <li>Slovenia - 2,101,208; </li> <li>Latvia - 1,842,226; </li> <li>Cyprus - 1,295,102; </li> <li>Estonia - 1,211,524; </li> <li>Luxembourg - 650,364; </li> <li>Malta - 464,186 (2022 est.)</li> </ol> "
},
"Languages": {
"text": "Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish",
@ -321,12 +321,12 @@
"text": "two legislative bodies consisting of the Council of the European Union (27 seats; ministers representing the 27 member states) and the European Parliament (705 seats; seats allocated among member states roughly in proportion to population size; members elected by proportional representation to serve 5-year terms); note - the European Parliament President, Roberta METSOLA, was elected in January 2022 by a majority of fellow members of the European Parliament (MEPs) and represents the Parliament within the EU and internationally; the Council of the EU and the MEPs share responsibilities for adopting the bulk of EU legislation; the two bodies must come to agreement for a commission proposal to become law, after negotiations in which they reconcile differences in each body's text of the proposal, except in the area of Common Foreign and Security Policy, which is governed by consensus of the EU member-state governments)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 23-26 May 2019 (next to be held on 6-9 June 2024)"
"text": "last held on 23-26 May 2019 (next to be held on 6-9 June 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>European Parliament percent of vote - NA; seats by party - EPP 179, S&amp;D 153, RE 105, Greens/EFA 74, ECR 63, ENF 58, EFDD 54, GUE-NGL 38, non-attached 7, others 20; Parliament composition - men 443, women 308, percentage women 41.0%"
"text": "European Parliament percent of vote - NA; seats by party - EPP 182, S&amp;D 153, RE 108, Greens/EFA 75, ECR 62, ENF 73, EFDD 43, GUE-NGL 41, non-attached 7, other 7; composition as of February 2024 - men 424, women 281, percentage women 39.8%"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>European Parliament seats by party as of 13 April 2023 - EPP 175, S&amp;D 144, RE 101, Greens/EFA 72, ECR, 66, ID 62, GUE-NGL 38, non-attached 47; European Parliament composition - men 428, women 277, percentage women 39.3%; note - composition of the European Council - men 23, women 4, percentage women 14.8%; total council and Parliament percentage women 38.4%"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>European Parliament seats by party as of April 2024 - EPP 177, S&amp;D 139, RE 102, Greens/EFA 72, ECR, 68, ID 59, GUE-NGL 37, non-attached 51"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest court(s)": {
@ -338,7 +338,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the ECJ is the supreme judicial authority of the EU; it ensures that EU law is interpreted and applied uniformly throughout the EU, resolves disputes among EU institutions and member states, and reviews issues and opinions regarding questions of EU law referred by member state courts"
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy or EFDD (dissolved June 2019)<br>European United Left-Nordic Green Left or GUE/NGL [Manon AUBRY and Martin SCHIRDEWAN]<br>European Conservatives and Reformists or ECR [Raffaele FITTO and Ryszard LEGUTKO]<br>European Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA [Ska KELLER and Philippe LAMBERTS]<br>European People's Party or EPP [Manfred WEBER]<br>Identity and Democracy Party or ID [Marco ZANNI] (formerly Europe of Nations and Freedom Group or ENF)<br>Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats or S&amp;D [Iratxe GARCIA]<br>Renew Europe or RE [Stephane SEJOURNE] (formerly Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE)"
"text": "Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy or EFDD (dissolved June 2019)<br>European United Left-Nordic Green Left or GUE/NGL [Manon AUBRY and Martin SCHIRDEWAN]<br>European Conservatives and Reformists or ECR [Raffaele FITTO and Ryszard LEGUTKO]<br>European Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA [Ska KELLER and Philippe LAMBERTS]<br>European People's Party or EPP [Manfred WEBER]<br>Identity and Democracy Party or ID [Marco ZANNI] (formerly known as Europe of Nations and Freedom Group or ENF)<br>Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats or S&amp;D [Iratxe GARCIA]<br>Renew Europe or RE [Stephane SEJOURNE] (formerly Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ARF, ASEAN (dialogue member), Australian Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CERN, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-7, G-10, G-20, IDA, IEA, IGAD (partners), LAIA (observer), NSG (observer), OAS (observer), OECD, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SICA (observer), UN (observer), UNRWA (observer), WCO, WTO, ZC (observer)"
@ -807,8 +807,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "see individual European countries and Schengen Convention in Appendix B"
}
}
}

13
europe/ei.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Celtic tribes arrived on the island between 600 and 150 B.C. Invasions by Norsemen that began in the late 8th century were finally ended when King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. Norman invasions began in the 12th century and set off more than seven centuries of Anglo-Irish struggle marked by fierce rebellions and harsh repressions. The Irish famine of the mid-19th century was responsible for a drop in the island's population by more than one quarter through starvation, disease, and emigration. For more than a century afterward, the population of the island continued to fall, only to begin growing again in the 1960s. Over the last 50 years, Ireland's high birthrate has made it demographically one of the youngest populations in the EU.</p> <p>The modern Irish state traces its origins to the failed 1916 Easter Monday Uprising that galvanized nationalist sentiment and fostered a guerrilla war resulting in independence from the UK in 1921 with the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the creation of the Irish Free State. The treaty was deeply controversial in Ireland, in part because it helped solidify the partition of Ireland, with six of the island's 32 counties remaining in the UK as Northern Ireland. The split between pro-Treaty and anti-Treaty partisans led to the Irish Civil War (1922-23). The traditionally dominant political parties in Ireland, Fine Gael and Fianna Fail, are de facto descendants of the opposing sides of the treaty debate. Ireland formally left the British Dominion in 1949 when Ireland declared itself a republic.<br><br>Deep sectarian divides between the Catholic and Protestant populations and systemic discrimination in Northern Ireland erupted into years of violence known as the \"Troubles\" that began in the 1960s. In 1998, the governments of Ireland and the UK, along with most political parties in Northern Ireland, reached the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement with the support of the US. This agreement helped end the Troubles and initiated a new phase of cooperation between the Irish and British Governments. <br><br>Ireland was neutral in World War II and continues its policy of military neutrality. Ireland joined the European Community in 1973 and the euro-zone currency union in 1999. The economic boom years of the Celtic Tiger (1995-2007) saw rapid economic growth, which came to an abrupt end in 2008 with the meltdown of the Irish banking system. As a small, open economy, Ireland has excelled at courting foreign direct investment, especially from US multi-nationals, which helped the economy recover from the financial crisis and insulated it somewhat from the economic shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>"
"text": "<p>Celtic tribes arrived in Ireland between 600 and 150 B.C. Norse invasions that began in the late 8th century finally ended when King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. Norman invasions began in the 12th century and set off more than seven centuries of Anglo-Irish struggle marked by fierce rebellions and harsh repressions. The Irish famine of the mid-19th century caused an almost 25-percent decline in the island's population through starvation, disease, and emigration. The population of the island continued to fall until the 1960s, but over the last 50 years, Ireland's high birthrate has made it demographically one of the youngest populations in the EU.</p> <p>The modern Irish state traces its origins to the failed 1916 Easter Monday Uprising that galvanized nationalist sentiment. The ensuing guerrilla war led to independence from the UK in 1921 with the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the creation of the Irish Free State. The treaty was deeply controversial in Ireland, in part because it helped solidify the country's partition, with six of the 32 counties remaining in the UK as Northern Ireland. The split between pro-Treaty and anti-Treaty partisans led to the Irish Civil War (1922-23). The traditionally dominant political parties in Ireland, Fine Gael and Fianna Fail, are de facto descendants of the opposing sides of the treaty debate. Ireland declared itself a republic in 1949 and formally left the British Dominion.<br><br>Beginning in the 1960s, deep sectarian divides between the Catholic and Protestant populations and systemic discrimination in Northern Ireland erupted into years of violence known as the Troubles. In 1998, the governments of Ireland and the UK, along with most political parties in Northern Ireland, reached the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement with the support of the US. This agreement helped end the Troubles and initiated a new phase of cooperation between the Irish and British Governments. <br><br>Ireland was neutral in World War II and continues its policy of military neutrality. Ireland joined the European Community in 1973 and the euro-zone currency union in 1999. The economic boom years of the Celtic Tiger (1995-2007) saw rapid economic growth that came to an abrupt end in 2008 with the meltdown of the Irish banking system. As a small, open economy, Ireland has excelled at courting foreign direct investment, especially from US multi-nationals, which has helped the economy recover from the financial crisis and insulated it somewhat from the economic shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
"text": "490 km"
},
"border countries": {
"text": "UK 490 km"
"text": "UK 499 km"
}
},
"Coastline": {
@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
"text": "English (official, the language generally used), Irish (Gaelic or Gaeilge) (official, spoken by approximately 37.7% of the population as of 2022; mainly spoken in areas along Ireland's western coast known as gaeltachtai, which are officially recognized regions where Irish is the predominant language)"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Roman Catholic 68.3%, Protestant 3.8% (Church of Ireland/Church of England/Anglican/Episcopalian 2.4%, other Protestant 1.4%), Orthodox 2%, other Christian 0.9%, Muslim 1.4%, other 1.6%, none 15.4%, unspecified 6.6% (2022 est.)"
"text": "Roman Catholic 69.2% (includes lapsed), Protestant 3.7% (Church of Ireland/England/Anglican/Episcopalian 2.5%, other Protestant 1.2%), Orthodox 2%, other Christian 0.9%, Muslim 1.6%, other 1.4%, agnostic/atheist 0.1%, none 14.5%, unspecified 6.7% (2022 est.)"
},
"Age structure": {
"0-14 years": {
@ -543,10 +543,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of:<br>Senate or Seanad Eireann (60 seats; 49 members indirectly elected from 5 vocational panels of nominees by an electoral college, 11 appointed by the prime minister<br>House of Representatives or Dail Eireann (160 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; all Parliament members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held early on 21-30 May 2020 (next to be held in March 2025)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 8 February 2020 (next to be held no later than March 2025)"
"text": "Senate - last held early on 21-30 May 2020 (next to be held in March 2025)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 8 February 2020 (next to be held no later than March 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<strong> </strong><br>Senate - percent of vote by party - Fianna Fail 35%, Fine Gael 26.7%, Green Party 6.7%<strong>, </strong>Labor Party 6.7%, Sinn Fein 6.7%, other 1.6%, independent 16.7%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 21, Fine Gael 16, Green Party 4<strong>, </strong>Labor Party 4, Sinn Fein 4, other 1, independent 10; composition as of February 2024 - men 36, women 24, percent of women 40%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Fianna Fail 23.8%, Sinn Fein 23.1%, Fine Gael 21.9%, Green Party 7.5%, other 11.8%, independent 11.9%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 38, Sinn Fein 37, Fine Gael 35, Green Party 12, Labor Party 6, Social Democrats 6, PBPS 5, other 2, independent 19; composition as of February 2024 - men 123, women 37, percent of women 23.1%; note - total Parliament percent of women 27.7%"
"text": "<strong> </strong>Senate - percent of vote by party - Fianna Fail 35%, Fine Gael 26.7%, Green Party 6.7%<strong>, </strong>Labor Party 6.7%, Sinn Fein 6.7%, other 1.6%, independent 16.7%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 21, Fine Gael 16, Green Party 4<strong>, </strong>Labor Party 4, Sinn Fein 4, other 1, independent 10; composition as of February 2024 - men 36, women 24, percentage women 40%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Fianna Fail 23.8%, Sinn Fein 23.1%, Fine Gael 21.9%, Green Party 7.5%, other 11.8%, independent 11.9%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 38, Sinn Fein 37, Fine Gael 35, Green Party 12, Labor Party 6, Social Democrats 6, PBPS 5, other 2, independent 19; composition as of February 2024 - men 123, women 37, percentage women 23.1%; total Parliament percentage women 27.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1214,9 +1214,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Ireland-Denmark</em>: Ireland, Iceland, and the UK dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; Iceland, Norway, and the Faroe Islands signed an agreement in 2019 extending the Faroe Islands’ northern continental shelf area</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "105,210 (Ukraine) (as of 8 March 2024)"

5
europe/en.json
View file

@ -563,7 +563,7 @@
"text": "last held on 5 March 2023; next elections 7 March 2027"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2023:</em> percent of vote by party - Reform 31.2%, EKRE 16.1%, Center 15.3%, E200 13.3%, SDE 9.3%, Pro Patria 8.2%, Left 2.4%, Right 2.3%, Greens 1.0%; seats by party - Reform 37, EKRE 17, Center 16, E200 14, SDE 9, Pro Patria 8; composition - men 71, women 30, percent of women 29.7%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - Reform 31.2%, EKRE 16.1%, Center 15.3%, E200 13.3%, SDE 9.3%, Pro Patria 8.2%, Left 2.4%, Right 2.3%, Greens 1.0%; seats by party - Reform 37, EKRE 17, Center 16, E200 14, SDE 9, Pro Patria 8; composition as of March 2024 - men 71, women 30, percent of women 29.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1209,9 +1209,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Russia and Estonia in May 2005 signed a technical border agreement, but Russia in June 2005 recalled its signature after the Estonian parliament added to its domestic ratification act a historical preamble referencing the Soviet occupation and Estonia's pre-war borders under the 1920 Treaty of Tartu; Russia contends that the preamble allows Estonia to make territorial claims on Russia in the future, while Estonian officials deny that the preamble has any legal impact on the treaty text; Russia often criticizes the Estonian Government over alleged mistreatment of ethnic Russians in Estonia; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Estonia implements  Schengen border rules with Russia</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "38,020 (Ukraine) (as of 2 March 2024)"

5
europe/ez.json
View file

@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
"text": "Senate - last held on 23 to 24 September with a runoff from 30 September to 1 October 2022 (next to be held in October 2024)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 8 to 9 October 2021 (next to be held by October 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition NA; - seats by party/coalition - ODS 23, STAN 15, KDU-CSL 12, TOP 09 6, ANO 5, SEN 21 4, other 15, independent 1; composition as of January 2024 - men 148, women 52, percent of women 26%<br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party/coalition – SPOLU 27.8%, ANO 27.1%, Pirates and STAN 15.6%, SPD 9.6%, other 19.9%; seats by party/coalition - ANO 72, SPOLU 71, Pirates and STAN 37, SPD 20; composition as of January 2024 - men 15, women 6, percent of women 28.6%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20.6%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition NA; - seats by party/coalition - ODS 23, STAN 15, KDU-CSL 12, TOP 09 6, ANO 5, SEN 21 4, other 15, independent 1; composition as of January 2024 - men 66, women 15, percent of women 18.5%<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party/coalition – SPOLU 27.8%, ANO 27.1%, Pirates and STAN 15.6%, SPD 9.6%, other 19.9%; seats by party/coalition - ANO 72, SPOLU 71, Pirates and STAN 37, SPD 20; composition as of January 2024 - men 148, women 52, percent of women 26%; note - total Parliament percent of women 23.8%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1224,9 +1224,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "381,400 (Ukraine) (as of 31 January 2024)"

7
europe/fi.json
View file

@ -574,10 +574,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; 199 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member in the province of Aland directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 2 April 2023 (next to be held on 30 April 2027)"
"text": "last held on 2 April 2023 (next to be held on 30 April 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party/coalition - Kok 24%, PS 23%, SDP 21.5%. Center Party 11.5%, Vihr 6.5%, Vas 5.5%, SFP 4.5%, KD 2.5%, Aland 0.5%; Movement Now 0.5%; seats by party/coalition - Kok 48, PS 46, SDP 43, Center Party 23, Vihr 13, Vas 11, SFP 9, KD 5; Aland 1; Movement Now 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 108, women 92, percentage women 46%"
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - Kok 24%, PS 23%, SDP 21.5%. Center Party 11.5%, Vihr 6.5%, Vas 5.5%, SFP 4.5%, KD 2.5%, Aland 0.5%; Movement Now 0.5%; seats by party/coalition - Kok 48, PS 46, SDP 43, Center Party 23, Vihr 13, Vas 11, SFP 9, KD 5; Aland 1; Movement Now 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 108, women 92, percentage women 46%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1258,9 +1258,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia and other areas ceded to the former Soviet Union, but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "9,175 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 66,195 (Ukraine) (as of 29 February 2024)"

7
europe/fo.json
View file

@ -441,10 +441,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Faroese Parliament or Logting (33 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)<br>the Faroe Islands elect 2 members to the Danish Parliament to serve 4-year terms"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Faroese Parliament - last held on 8 December 2022 (next to be held in 2026)<br>Faroese seats in the Danish Parliament last held on 31 October 2022 (next to be held no later than 31 October 2026)"
"text": "Faroese Parliament - last held on 8 December 2022 (next to be held in 2026)<br><br>Faroese seats in the Danish Parliament last held on 31 October 2022 (next to be held no later than 31 October 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><br>Faroese Parliament percent of vote by party - JF 26.6%, B 20%, A 18.9%, E 17.7%, F 7.5%, H 6.6%, seats by party - JF 9, B 7, A 6, E 6, F 3, H 2; composition - men 27, women 6; percentage women 18.2%<br><br>Faroese seats in Danish Parliament - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - JF 1, B 1; composition - men 2, women 0; percentage women 0%"
"text": "Faroese Parliament percent of vote by party - JF 26.6%, B 20%, A 18.9%, E 17.7%, F 7.5%, H 6.6%, seats by party - JF 9, B 7, A 6, E 6, F 3, H 2; composition as of April 2024 - men 24, women 9; percentage women 27.3%<br><br>Faroese seats in Danish Parliament - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - JF 1, B 1; composition - men 2, women 0; percentage women 0%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -914,8 +914,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "none identified"
}
}
}

13
europe/fr.json
View file

@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "68,521,974 (2023 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the above figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the above figures are for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -599,10 +599,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (348 seats - 328 for metropolitan France and overseas departments and regions of Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, Reunion, and Mayotte, 2 for New Caledonia, 2 for French Polynesia, 1 for Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, 1 for Saint-Barthelemy, 1 for Saint-Martin, 1 for Wallis and Futuna, and 12 for French nationals abroad; members indirectly elected by departmental electoral colleges using absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for departments with 1-3 members, and proportional representation vote in departments with 4 or more members; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)<br>National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (577 seats - 556 for metropolitan France, 10 for overseas departments, and 11 for citizens abroad; members directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 24 September 2023 (next to be held by 30 September 2026)<br>National Assembly - last held on 12 and 19 June 2022 (next to be held on 30 June 2027)"
"text": "Senate - last held on 24 September 2023 (next to be held by 30 September 2026)<br>National Assembly - last held on 12 and 19 June 2022 (next to be held on 30 June 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties) LR 139, SER 69, UC 51, RDPI 21, CRCE 17, LIRT 17, EST 16, RDSE 14: composition as of February 2024 - men 222, women 126, percentage women 36.2%.<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party/coalition in the first round - ENS 25.8%, NUPES 25.7%, RN 18.7%, UDC 11.3%, other 18.5%; seats by party/coalition in the first round - NUPES 4, ENS 1; percent of vote in the second round - ENS 38.6%, NUPES 31.6%, RN 17.3%, UDC 7.3%, other 5.2%, seats by party/coalition in the second round - ENS 244, NUPES 127, RN 89, UDC 64, other 48; composition as of February 2024 - men 362, women 215, percentage women 37.3%; note - total Parliament percentage women 36.9%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties) LR 139, SER 69, UC 51, RDPI 21, CRCE 17, LIRT 17, EST 16, RDSE 14; composition as of February 2024 - men 222, women 126, percentage women 36.2%.<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party/coalition in the first round - ENS 25.8%, NUPES 25.7%, RN 18.7%, UDC 11.3%, other 18.5%; seats by party/coalition in the first round - NUPES 4, ENS 1; percent of vote in the second round - ENS 38.6%, NUPES 31.6%, RN 17.3%, UDC 7.3%, other 5.2%, seats by party/coalition in the second round - ENS 244, NUPES 127, RN 89, UDC 64, other 48; composition as of February 2024 - men 362, women 215, percentage women 37.3%; total Parliament percentage women 36.9%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1299,10 +1299,10 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>in 2023, women comprised more than 16% of the uniformed armed forces  <br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> French citizens can also volunteer for the Voluntary Military Service (VMS), which allows unemployed youth aged 18-25 to learn a trade or gain work experience while receiving basic military training and sports activities; French citizens may also joint the military operational reserve up to age 72<br><br><strong>note 3:</strong> men between the ages of 17.5 and 39.5 years of age, of any nationality, may join the French Foreign Legion; those volunteers selected for service sign five-year contracts"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "France typically has up to 30,000 total air, ground, and naval forces deployed on permanent or temporary foreign missions; up to 10,000 are permanently deployed, typically in French territories or former French colonies, including Djibouti (1,400); French Guyana (2,000); French Polynesia (900); French West Indies (1,000); Reunion Island (1,700); West Africa (1,600; Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, Senegal), and the UAE (700)<br><br>other non-permanent deployments include operations in Chad (1,000), NATO missions in Europe (2,000), the Middle East (850), and various EU (500) and UN (over 700, mostly in Lebanon under UNIFIL) missions (2024)"
"text": "France typically has up to 30,000 total air, ground, and naval forces deployed on permanent or temporary foreign missions; up to 10,000 are permanently deployed, including Djibouti (1,400); French Guyana (2,000); French Polynesia (900); French West Indies (1,000); Reunion Island (1,700); West Africa (1,600; Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, Senegal), and the UAE (700)<br><br>other non-permanent deployments include operations in Chad (1,000), NATO missions in Europe (2,000), the Middle East (850), and various EU (500) and UN (over 700, mostly in Lebanon under UNIFIL) missions (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the French military is a large, experienced, and professional force with a long history, a global footprint, and a wide range of missions and responsibilities; it operates under France’s overall defense and national security strategy, currently defined through the five major strategic functions of anticipation, prevention, deterrence, protection, and intervention; the military’s responsibilities include protecting French territory, population, and interests, and fulfilling France’s commitments to NATO, European security, and international peacekeeping operations under the UN; it is the largest military in the EU and has a leading role in the EU security framework, as well as in NATO; in recent years, it has actively participated in coalition peacekeeping and other security operations in regions such as Africa, the Middle East, and the Balkans, frequently taking a lead role in these operations; the military has more than 30,000 troops deployed worldwide and regularly conducts large-scale exercises and participates in a variety of bi-lateral and multinational exercises; it also has a domestic security mission, including providing enhanced security at sensitive sites and large events and support during national crises or disasters, such as fighting forest fires; in recent years, defense responsibilities have expanded to include cyber and space domains <br><br>the first permanent French Army was established in the 15th century; the French Army (or Land Army) today has 12 divisional-level commands, which includes commands for aviation and special forces and two combat divisions comprised of six brigades of airborne, armored, light armored, marine infantry, and mountain infantry forces, as well as a bi-national Franco-German mechanized brigade; the Army also has some garrison units for France’s overseas possessions<br><br>the French Navy (created in 1626) operates worldwide and conducts missions ranging from policing illegal fishing to combat operations involving air and missile strikes; it is a key component of France’s nuclear deterrent; the Navy is organized into a surface force, a submarine and strategic force, naval aviation, a marine and commando force, and a maritime gendarmerie; its principal warships include an aircraft carrier, about 20 destroyers or frigates of various types, six ocean-going patrol ships, three helicopter carrier/amphibious assault ships, six nuclear-powered attack submarines, and four nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (note – France became a nuclear power in 1960)<br><br>French military aviation was officially established in 1912 although its roots go back to the formation of a military balloon unit in 1794; France was the first country to categorize air squadrons into fighter, bomber, and reconnaissance types; the current Air and Space Force is organized into commands for air, air defense, space, and strategic operations; it has over 550 fixed and rotary wing aircraft, including about 200 domestically made fighters and multipurpose fighter aircraft<br><br>in 2010, France and the UK signed a declaration on defense and security cooperation that included greater military interoperability and a Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF), a deployable, combined Anglo-French military force for use in a wide range of crisis scenarios, up to and including high intensity combat operations; the CJEF has no standing forces, but would be available at short notice for French-UK bilateral, NATO, EU, UN, or other operations; combined training exercises began in 2011; as of 2020, the CJEF was assessed as having full operating capacity with the ability to rapidly deploy over 10,000 personnel capable of high intensity operations, peacekeeping, disaster relief, and humanitarian assistance <br><br>the French Foreign Legion, established in 1831, is a military force that is open to foreign recruits willing to serve in the French military for service in France and abroad; the Foreign Legion is an integrated part of the French Army and is comprised of approximately 8,000 personnel; its combat units are a mix of armored cavalry and airborne, light, mechanized, and motorized infantry regiments (2023)"
"text": "the French military has a global footprint and a wide range of missions and responsibilities; it operates under France’s overall defense and national security strategy, currently defined through the five major strategic functions of anticipation, prevention, deterrence, protection, and intervention; the military’s responsibilities include protecting French territory, population, and interests, and fulfilling France’s commitments to NATO, European security, and international peacekeeping operations under the UN; it is the largest military in the EU and has a leading role in the EU security framework, as well as in NATO; in recent years, it has actively participated in coalition peacekeeping and other security operations in regions such as Africa, the Middle East, and the Balkans, often in a lead role; the military regularly conducts large-scale exercises and participates in a variety of bi-lateral and multinational exercises; it also has a domestic security mission, including providing enhanced security at sensitive sites and large events and support during national crises or disasters, such as fighting forest fires; in recent years, defense responsibilities have expanded to include cyber and space domains <br><br>the first permanent French Army was established in the 15th century; the French Army (or Land Army) today has 12 divisional-level commands, which includes commands for aviation and special forces and two combat divisions comprised of six brigades of airborne, armored, light armored, marine infantry, and mountain infantry forces, as well as a bi-national Franco-German mechanized brigade; the Army also has some garrison units for France’s overseas possessions<br><br>the French Navy (created in 1626) operates worldwide and conducts missions ranging from policing illegal fishing to combat operations involving air and missile strikes; it is a key component of France’s nuclear deterrent; the Navy is organized into a surface force, a submarine and strategic force, naval aviation, a marine and commando force, and a maritime gendarmerie; its principal warships include an aircraft carrier, about 20 destroyers or frigates of various types, six ocean-going patrol ships, three helicopter carrier/amphibious assault ships, five nuclear-powered attack submarines, and four nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (note – France became a nuclear power in 1960)<br><br>French military aviation was officially established in 1912 although its roots go back to the formation of a military balloon unit in 1794; France was the first country to categorize air squadrons into fighter, bomber, and reconnaissance types; the current Air and Space Force is organized into commands for air, air defense, space, and strategic operations; it has over 550 fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft, including about 200 domestically made fighters and multipurpose fighter aircraft<br><br>in 2010, France and the UK signed a declaration on defense and security cooperation that included greater military interoperability and a Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF), a deployable, combined Anglo-French military force for use in a wide range of crisis scenarios, up to and including high intensity combat operations; the CJEF has no standing forces, but would be available at short notice for French-UK bilateral, NATO, EU, UN, or other operations; combined training exercises began in 2011, and as of 2020, the CJEF was assessed as having full operating capacity with the ability to rapidly deploy over 10,000 personnel capable of high intensity operations, peacekeeping, disaster relief, and humanitarian assistance <br><br>the French Foreign Legion, established in 1831, is a military force that is open to foreign recruits willing to serve in the French military for service in France and abroad; the Foreign Legion is an integrated part of the French Army and is comprised of approximately 8,000 personnel; its combat units are a mix of armored cavalry and airborne, light, mechanized, and motorized infantry regiments (2023)"
}
},
"Space": {
@ -1324,9 +1324,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Madagascar claims the French territories of Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, and Juan de Nova Island; Comoros claims Mayotte; Mauritius claims Tromelin Island; territorial dispute between Suriname and the French overseas department of French Guiana; France asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Adelie Land); France and Vanuatu claim Matthew and Hunter Islands, east of New Caledonia</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "55,681 (Afghanistan), 39,091 (Syria), 33,834 (Sri Lanka), 33,148 (Russia), 31,935 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 24,223 (Sudan), 21,225 (Guinea), 18,008 (Serbia and Kosovo), 17,032 (Turkey), 13,974 (Iraq), 12,286 (Cote d'Ivoire), 11,489 (Eritrea), 11,012 (Cambodia), 10,543 (China), 10,236 (Albania), 10,210 (Somalia), 8,858 (Bangladesh), 8,124 (Mauritania), 8,101 (Mali), 7,991 (Vietnam), 6,913 (Bosnia and Herzegovina), 6,910 (Haiti), 6,808 (Angola), 6,498 (Laos), 6,417 (Armenia), 6,111 (Nigeria), 5,896 (Georgia) (mid-year 2022); 69,462 (Ukraine) (as of 31 January 2024)"

9
europe/gi.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Strategically important, Gibraltar was reluctantly ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In a referendum held in 1967, Gibraltarians voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency. The subsequent granting of autonomy in 1969 by the UK led Spain to close the border and sever all communication links. Between 1997 and 2002, the UK and Spain held a series of talks on establishing temporary joint sovereignty over Gibraltar. In response to these talks, the Gibraltar Government called a referendum in late 2002 in which the majority of citizens voted overwhelmingly against any sharing of sovereignty with Spain. Since late 2004, Spain, the UK, and Gibraltar have held tripartite talks with the aim of cooperatively resolving problems that affect the local population, and work continues on cooperation agreements in areas such as taxation and financial services; communications and maritime security; policy; legal and customs services; environmental protection; and education and visa services. A new noncolonial constitution came into force in 2007, and the European Court of First Instance recognized Gibraltar's right to regulate its own tax regime in December 2008. The UK retains responsibility for defense, foreign relations, internal security, and financial stability.</p> <p>Spain and the UK continue to spar over the territory. Throughout 2009, a dispute over Gibraltar's claim to territorial waters extending out three miles gave rise to periodic non-violent maritime confrontations between Spanish and UK naval patrols, and in 2013, the British reported a record number of entries by Spanish vessels into waters claimed by Gibraltar following a dispute over Gibraltar's creation of an artificial reef in those waters. Spain renewed its demands for an eventual return of Gibraltar to Spanish control after the UK’s June 2016 vote to leave the EU, but London has dismissed any connection between the vote and its continued sovereignty over Gibraltar. </p>"
"text": "<p>Spain reluctantly ceded the strategically important Gibraltar to Great Britain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, and the British garrison at Gibraltar was formally declared a colony in 1830. In a referendum held in 1967, Gibraltarians voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency. After the UK granted Gibraltar autonomy in 1969, Spain closed the border and severed all communication links. Between 1997 and 2002, the UK and Spain held a series of talks on establishing temporary joint sovereignty over Gibraltar. In response to these talks, the Gibraltar Government called a referendum in 2002 in which the majority of citizens voted overwhelmingly against sharing sovereignty with Spain. Since 2004, Spain, the UK, and Gibraltar have held tripartite talks to resolve problems that affect the local population, and work continues on cooperation agreements in areas such as taxation and financial services, communications and maritime security, legal and customs services, environmental protection, and education and visa services. A new noncolonial constitution came into force in 2007, and the European Court of First Instance recognized Gibraltar's right to regulate its own tax regime in 2008. The UK retains responsibility for defense, foreign relations, internal security, and financial stability.</p> <p>Spain and the UK continue to spar over the territory. In 2009, for example, a dispute over Gibraltar's claim to territorial waters extending out three miles gave rise to periodic non-violent maritime confrontations between Spanish and UK naval patrols. Spain renewed its demands for an eventual return of Gibraltar to Spanish control after the UK’s 2016 vote to leave the EU, but London has dismissed any connection between the vote and its sovereignty over Gibraltar. </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -389,10 +389,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Parliament (18 seats; 17 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by majority vote and 1 appointed by Parliament as speaker; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 12 October 2023 (next to be held by October 2027)"
"text": "last held on 12 October 2023 (next to be held by October 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - GSLP-Liberal Alliance 49.9%, GSD 48% independent 2.1%; seats by party - GLSP-Liberal Alliance 9 (GSLP 7, LPG 2), GSD 8; composition including Parliament speaker - men 13, women 5, percentage women 38.5%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - GSLP-Liberal Alliance 49.9%, GSD 48% independent 2.1%; seats by party - GLSP-Liberal Alliance 9 (GSLP 7, LPG 2), GSD 8; composition including Parliament speaker - men 13, women 5, percentage women 38.5%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -801,8 +801,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "the status of Gibraltar and how to police the border with Spain has been a point of contention since the UK's 2016 vote to leave the EU; the peninsula was excluded from the exit deal reached between Britain and the EU; informal arrangements are in place while the two sides negotiate over Gibraltar, which overwhelmingly backed remaining in the EU in the Brexit referendum"
}
}
}

11
europe/gk.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Guernsey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Duchy of Normandy, which held sway in both France and England. The islands were the only British soil occupied by German troops in World War II. The Bailiwick of Guernsey consists of the main island of Guernsey and a number of smaller islands including Alderney, Sark, Herm, Jethou, Brecqhou, and Lihou. The Bailiwick is a self-governing British Crown dependency that is not part of the UK. However, the UK Government is constitutionally responsible for its defense and international representation."
"text": "Guernsey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Duchy of Normandy, which held sway in both France and England. The islands were the only British soil that Germany occupied in World War II. The Bailiwick of Guernsey consists of the main island of Guernsey and a number of smaller islands, including Alderney, Sark, Herm, Jethou, Brecqhou, and Lihou. The Bailiwick is a self-governing British Crown dependency that is not part of the UK. However, the UK Government is constitutionally responsible for its defense and international representation."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Guernsey 53.1%, UK and Ireland 23.9%, Portugal 2.2%, Latvia 1.5%, other Europe 2.8%, other 4.4%, unspecified 11.4% (2020 est.)",
"text": "Guernsey 53.5%, UK and Ireland 23.8%, Portugal 2.1%, Latvia 1.4%, other Europe 2.7%, other Crown Dependencies 0.7%, other 5.3%, unspecified 10.5% (2022 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent population by country of birth; the native population is of British and Norman-French descent"
},
"Languages": {
@ -370,10 +370,10 @@
"text": "unicameral States of Deliberation (40 seats; 38 People's Deputies and 2 representatives of the States of Alderney; members directly elected by majority vote to serve 4-year terms); note - non-voting members include the bailiff (presiding officer), attorney-general, and solicitor-general"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 7 October 2020 (next to be held in June 2025)"
"text": "last held on 7 October 2020 (next to be held in June 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote - GPI 24.0%, GP 10%, APG 3.4%, independent 62.6%; seats - GPI 10, GP 6, independent 22, States of Alderney 2; composition - men 32, women 8, percentage women 20%"
"text": "percent of vote - GPI 24.0%, GP 10%, APG 3.4%, independent 62.6%; seats - GPI 10, GP 6, independent 22, States of Alderney 2; composition - men 32, women 8, percentage women 20%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -653,9 +653,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "none identified"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "NA"
}

9
europe/gm.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>As Europe's largest economy and second most-populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating world wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded itself in key western economic and security organizations, the EC (now the EU) and NATO, while the communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the USSR and the end of the Cold War allowed for German reunification in 1990. Since then, Germany has expended considerable funds to bring eastern productivity and wages up to western standards. In January 1999, Germany and 10 other EU countries introduced a common European exchange currency, the euro.</p>"
"text": "<p>As Europe's largest economy and second most-populous nation (after Russia), Germany is a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating world wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded itself in key western economic and security organizations, including the EC (now the EU) and NATO, while the communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War allowed German reunification to occur in 1990. Since then, Germany has expended considerable funds to bring eastern productivity and wages up to western standards. In January 1999, Germany and 10 other EU countries introduced a common European exchange currency, the euro.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -584,10 +584,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:<br>Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 seats statutory, 71 current; members appointed by each of the 16 state governments)<br>Federal Diet or Bundestag (736 seats statutory, 736 for the 2021-25 term - total seats can vary each electoral term; currently includes 4 seats for independent members; approximately one-half of members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and approximately one-half directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members' terms depend upon the states they represent)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Bundesrat - none; determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election<br>Bundestag - last held on 26 September 2021 (next to be held by September 2025); almost all postwar German governments have been coalitions"
"text": "Bundesrat - none; determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election<br>Bundestag - last held on 26 September 2021 (next to be held by September 2025); almost all postwar German governments have been coalitions"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Bundesrat - composition as of February 2024 - men 43, women 26, percentage women 37.7%<br><br>Bundestag - percent of vote by party - SPD 28%, CDU/CSU 26.8%, Alliance '90/Greens 16%, FDP 12.5%, AfD 11%, The Left 5.3%, other .04%; seats by party - SPD 206, CDU/CSU 197, Alliance '90/Greens 118, FDP 92, AfD 81, The Left 39, other 3; composition as of February 2024 - men 476, women 260, percentage women 34.9%; note - total Parliament percentage women 35.5%"
"text": "Bundesrat - composition as of February 2024 - men 43, women 26, percentage women 37.7%<br><br>Bundestag - percent of vote by party - SPD 28%, CDU/CSU 26.8%, Alliance '90/Greens 16%, FDP 12.5%, AfD 11%, The Left 5.3%, other .04%; seats by party - SPD 206, CDU/CSU 197, Alliance '90/Greens 118, FDP 92, AfD 81, The Left 39, other 3; composition as of February 2024 - men 476, women 260, percentage women 34.9%; note - total Parliament percentage women 35.5%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> due to Germany's recognition of the concepts of \"overhang\" (when a party's share of the nationwide votes would entitle it to fewer seats than the number of individual constituency seats won in an election under Germany's mixed member proportional system) and \"leveling\" (whereby additional seats are elected to supplement the members directly elected by each constituency in order to ensure that each party's share of the total seats is roughly proportional to the party's overall shares of votes at the national level), the 20th Bundestag is the largest to date"
},
@ -1297,9 +1297,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "none identified"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "664,238 (Syria), 183,631 (Afghanistan), 151,254 (Iraq), 64,496 (Eritrea), 47,658 (Iran), 38,755 (Turkey), 32,155 (Somalia), 13,334 (Russia), 12,155 (Nigeria), 9,250 (Pakistan), 6,257 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,912 (Ethiopia), 5,532 (Azerbaijan) (mid-year 2022); 1,139,690 (Ukraine) (as of 3 February 2024)"

7
europe/gr.json
View file

@ -556,10 +556,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Hellenic Parliament or Vouli ton Ellinon (300 seats; 280 members in multi-seat and single-seat constituencies and 15 members - including 3 seats for Greek diaspora - in a single nationwide constituency directly elected by open party-list proportional representation vote; members serve up to 4 years); &nbsp;note - only parties surpassing a 3% threshold are entitled to parliamentary seats; parties need 10 seats to become formal parliamentary groups but can retain that status if the party participated in the last election and received the minimum 3% threshold"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 25 June 2023 (next to be held in 2027)"
"text": "last held on 25 June 2023 (next to be held in 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - ND 40.6%, SYRIZA-PS 17.8%, PASOK-KINAL 11.9%, KKE 7.7%, Spartans 4.6%, Greek Solution 4.4%, NIKI 3.7%, Course of Freedom 3.2%, other 6.1%; seats by party - ND 158, SYRIZA-PS 48, PASOK-KINAL 32, KKE 20, Spartans 12, Greek Solution 12, NIKI 10, Course of Freedom 8; composition as of 2024 - men 231, women 69, percentage women 23%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - ND 40.6%, SYRIZA-PS 17.8%, PASOK-KINAL 11.9%, KKE 7.7%, Spartans 4.6%, Greek Solution 4.4%, NIKI 3.7%, Course of Freedom 3.2%, other 6.1%; seats by party - ND 158, SYRIZA-PS 48, PASOK-KINAL 32, KKE 20, Spartans 12, Greek Solution 12, NIKI 10, Course of Freedom 8; composition as of February 2024 - men 231, women 69, percentage women 23%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1243,9 +1243,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Greece and Turkey continue discussions to resolve their complex maritime, air, territorial, and boundary disputes in the Aegean Sea; Greece has a security wall along a portion of its land border with Turkey to deter border crossings by migrants and has announced intentions to extend the wall along the entire border</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "41,594 (Syria), 33,549 (Afghanistan), 14,228 (Iraq), 6,366 (West Bank and Gaza) (mid-year 2022); 27,365 (Ukraine) (as of 31 December 2023)"

8
europe/hr.json
View file

@ -578,8 +578,9 @@
"text": "early election held on 5 July 2020 (next to be held on 17 April 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party/coalition - HDZ-led coalition 37.3%, Restart coalition 24.9%, DP-led coalition 10.9%, MOST 7.4%, Green-Left coalition 7%, P-F-SSIP 4%, HNS-LD 1.3%, NS-R 1%, other 6.2%; seats by party/coalition - HDZ-led coalition 66, Restart coalition 41, DP-led coalition 16, MOST 8, Green-Left coalition 7, P-F-SSIP 3, HNS-LD 1, NS-R 1, national minorities 8; note - as of January 2024 - HDZ 62, SDP 14, Social Democrats 11, MOST 7, DP 5, HS 4, We Can! 4, HSS 3, SDSS 3, Focus 2, HDS 2, HSLS 2, IDS 2, BLOK 1, Center 1, GLAS 1, HNS 1, HRB 1, NS-R 1, NL 1, OIP 1, PH 1, RF 1, SSIP 1, independent 19; composition as of January 2021 - men 100, women 51, percent of women 33.8%"
}
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - HDZ-led coalition 37.3%, Restart coalition 24.9%, DP-led coalition 10.9%, MOST 7.4%, Green-Left coalition 7%, P-F-SSIP 4%, HNS-LD 1.3%, NS-R 1%, other 6.2%; seats by party/coalition - HDZ-led coalition 66, Restart coalition 41, DP-led coalition 16, MOST 8, Green-Left coalition 7, P-F-SSIP 3, HNS-LD 1, NS-R 1, national minorities 8; composition as of March 2024 - men 100, women 51, percentage women 33.8%"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>seats by party as of January 2024 - HDZ 62, SDP 14, Social Democrats 11, MOST 7, DP 5, HS 4, We Can! 4, HSS 3, SDSS 3, Focus 2, HDS 2, HSLS 2, IDS 2, BLOK 1, Center 1, GLAS 1, HNS 1, HRB 1, NS-R 1, NL 1, OIP 1, PH 1, RF 1, SSIP 1, independent 19"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest court(s)": {
@ -1244,9 +1245,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>dispute remains with Bosnia and Herzegovina over several small sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinders ratification of the 1999 border agreement; since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Piranski Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led to Slovenia lifting its objections to Croatia joining the EU; Croatia joined the Schengen Zone on 1 January 2023</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "24,525 (Ukraine) (as of 29 February 2024)"

11
europe/hu.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 and for many centuries served as a bulwark against Ottoman Turkish expansion in Europe. The kingdom eventually became part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and an announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called \"Goulash Communism.\" Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU five years later."
"text": "Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 and for many centuries served as a bulwark against Ottoman Turkish expansion in Europe. The kingdom eventually became part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under communist rule after World War II. In 1956, Moscow responded to a Hungarian revolt and announcement of its withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact with a massive military intervention. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called \"Goulash Communism.\" Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU five years later."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -578,10 +578,10 @@
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (199 seats; 106 members directly elected in single-member constituencies by simple majority vote and 93 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by party-list proportional representation vote, using the D&rsquo;Hondt method; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 3 April 2022 (next to be held in April 2026)"
"text": "last held on 3 April 2022 (next to be held in April 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party list - Fidesz-KDNP 54.1%, United for Hungary 34.5%, Mi Hazank 5.9%, other 5.5%; seats by party list - Fidesz-KDNP 135, United for Hungary 57, Mi Hazank 6, independent 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 170, women 29, percentage women 14.6%"
"text": "percent of vote by party list - Fidesz-KDNP 54.1%, United for Hungary 34.5%, Mi Hazank 5.9%, other 5.5%; seats by party list - Fidesz-KDNP 135, United for Hungary 57, Mi Hazank 6, independent 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 170, women 29, percentage women 14.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1266,12 +1266,9 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "none identified"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "66,135 (Ukraine) (as of 17 March 2024)"
"text": "66,135 (Ukraine) (as of 15 April 2024)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "130 (2022)"

9
europe/ic.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Iceland boasts the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althingi, established in 930. Independent for over 300 years, Iceland was subsequently ruled by Norway and Denmark. Fallout from the Askja volcano of 1875 devastated the Icelandic economy and caused widespread famine. Over the next quarter century, 20% of the island's population emigrated, mostly to Canada and the US. Denmark granted limited home rule in 1874 and complete independence in 1944. The second half of the 20th century saw substantial economic growth driven primarily by the fishing industry. The economy diversified greatly after the country joined the European Economic Area in 1994, but Iceland was especially hard hit by the global financial crisis in the years following 2008. The economy is now on an upward trajectory, fueled primarily by a tourism and construction boom. Literacy, longevity, and social cohesion are first rate by world standards."
"text": "Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Iceland boasts the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althingi, which was established in 930. Independent for over 300 years, Iceland was subsequently ruled by Norway and Denmark. Fallout from the Askja volcano of 1875 devastated the Icelandic economy and caused widespread famine. Over the next quarter-century, 20% of the island's population emigrated, mostly to Canada and the US. Denmark granted limited home rule in 1874 and complete independence in 1944. The second half of the 20th century saw substantial economic growth driven primarily by the fishing industry. The economy diversified greatly after the country joined the European Economic Area in 1994, but the global financial crisis hit Iceland especially hard in the years after 2008. The economy is now on an upward trajectory, primarily thanks to a tourism and construction boom. Literacy, longevity, and social cohesion are first-rate by world standards."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -544,10 +544,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Althingi or Parliament (63 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 25 September 2021 (next to be held in 2025)"
"text": "last held on 25 September 2021 (next to be held in 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - IP 25.4%, PP 20.6%, LGM 12.7%, People's Party 9.5%, Pirate Party 9.5%, SDA 9.5%, Reform Party 7.9%, CP 4.8%; seats by party - IP 16, PP 13, LGM 8, People's Party 6, Pirate Party 6, SDA 6, Reform Party 5, CP 3; composition as of February 2024 - men 33, women 30; percentage women 47.6%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - IP 25.4%, PP 20.6%, LGM 12.7%, People's Party 9.5%, Pirate Party 9.5%, SDA 9.5%, Reform Party 7.9%, CP 4.8%; seats by party - IP 16, PP 13, LGM 8, People's Party 6, Pirate Party 6, SDA 6, Reform Party 5, CP 3; composition as of February 2024 - men 33, women 30; percentage women 47.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1148,9 +1148,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "in 2019, Denmark signed continental shelf delimitation agreements with Iceland and Norway to parts of the continental shelf in the &AElig;gir Basin, which is located north of the Faroe Islands"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "68 (2022)"

9
europe/im.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Part of the Norwegian Kingdom of the Hebrides until the 13th century when it was ceded to Scotland, the isle came under English lordship in the 14th century before being purchased by the British Government in 1765. Current concerns include reviving the almost extinct Manx Gaelic language. The Isle of Man is a British Crown dependency, which makes it a self-governing possession of the British Crown that is not part of the UK. The UK Government, however, remains constitutionally responsible for its defense and international representation."
"text": "The Isle of Man was part of the Norwegian Kingdom of the Hebrides until the 13th century, when it was ceded to Scotland. The isle came under English lordship in the 14th century before being purchased by the British Government in 1765. Current concerns include reviving the almost extinct Manx Gaelic language. The Isle of Man is a British Crown dependency, which makes it a self-governing possession of the British Crown that is not part of the UK. The UK Government, however, remains constitutionally responsible for its defense and international representation."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -426,10 +426,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Tynwald or the High Court of Tynwald consists of:<br>Legislative Council (11 seats; includes the President of Tynwald, 2 ex-officio (non-voting) members - the Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man and the attorney general - and 8 members indirectly elected by the House of Keys with renewal of 4 members every 2 years; elected members serve 4-year terms) <br>House of Keys (24 seats; 2 members each from 12 constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Legislative Council - last held 14 March 2023 (next to be held by March 2028)<br>House of Keys - last held on 23 September 2021 (next to be held on 24 September 2026)"
"text": "Legislative Council - last held 14 March 2023 (next to be held by March 2028)<br>House of Keys - last held on 23 September 2021 (next to be held on 24 September 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p><br>Legislative Council - composition as of April 2024 - men 6, women 4, vacant 1; percentage women 36.4%</p> <p>House of Keys - percent of vote by party - Liberal Vannin 5.3%, Manx Labour Party 5.1%, Green Party 3.3% independent 86.3%; seats by party - independent 21; Manx Labour Party 2, Liberal Vannin 1; composition as of April 2024 – men 14, women 10, percent age women 41.7%; note - total Tynwald percentage women 40%</p>"
"text": "<p>Legislative Council - composition as of April 2024 - men 6, women 4, vacant 1; percentage women 36.4%</p> <p>House of Keys - percent of vote by party - Liberal Vannin 5.3%, Manx Labour Party 5.1%, Green Party 3.3% independent 86.3%; seats by party - independent 21; Manx Labour Party 2, Liberal Vannin 1; composition as of April 2024 – men 14, women 10, percent age women 41.7%; total Tynwald percentage women 40%</p>"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -708,8 +708,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

11
europe/it.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Italy became a nation-state in 1861 when the regional states of the peninsula, along with Sardinia and Sicily, were united under King Victor EMMANUEL II. An era of parliamentary government came to a close in the early 1920s when Benito MUSSOLINI established a Fascist dictatorship. His alliance with Nazi Germany led to Italy's defeat in World War II. A democratic republic replaced the monarchy in 1946 and economic revival followed. Italy is a charter member of NATO and the European Economic Community (EEC) and its subsequent successors the EC and the EU. It has been at the forefront of European economic and political unification, joining the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999. Persistent problems include sluggish economic growth, high youth and female unemployment, organized crime, corruption, and economic disparities between southern Italy and the more prosperous north.</p>"
"text": "<p>Italy became a nation-state in 1861 when the regional states of the peninsula, along with Sardinia and Sicily, were united under King Victor EMMANUEL II. An era of parliamentary government came to a close in the early 1920s when Benito MUSSOLINI established a Fascist dictatorship. His alliance with Nazi Germany led to Italy's defeat in World War II. A democratic republic replaced the monarchy in 1946, and economic revival followed. Italy is a charter member of NATO, as well as the European Economic Community (EEC) and its successors, the EC and the EU. It has been at the forefront of European economic and political unification, joining the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999. Persistent problems include sluggish economic growth, high youth and female unemployment, organized crime, corruption, and economic disparities between southern Italy and the more prosperous north.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -559,10 +559,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of:<br>Senate or Senato della Repubblica (200 elected seats; 122 members in multi-seat constituencies directly elected by proportional representation vote, 74 members in single-seat constituencies directly elected by plurality vote, and 4 members in multi-seat constituencies abroad directly elected by proportional representation vote; all members serve 5-year terms)<br>Chamber of Deputies or Camera dei Deputati (400 seats; 245 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; 147 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by plurality vote and 8 members in multi-seat constituencies abroad directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 25 September 2022 (next to be held no later than December 2027)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 25 September 2022; note - snap elections were called when Prime Minister DRAGHI resigned and the parliament was dissolved on 21 July 2022 (next to be held on 30 September 2027)"
"text": "Senate - last held on 25 September 2022 (next to be held no later than December 2027)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 25 September 2022; note - snap elections were called when Prime Minister DRAGHI resigned and the parliament was dissolved on 21 July 2022 (next to be held on 30 September 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - center-right coalition 113 (FdI 65, Lega 30, FI 18), center-left coalition 43 (PD 40, AVS 3), M5S 28, Action-Italia Viva 9, SVP 2, MAIE 1, ScN 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 131, women 74, percentage women 36.1%<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - center-right coalition 230 (FdI 119, Lega 66, FI 45), center-left coalition 83 (PD 69, AVS 12, +EU 2), M5S 52, Action-Italia Viva 21, SVP 3, MAIE 1, ScN 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 271, women 129, percentage women 32.3%; note - total Parliament percentage women 33.6%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - center-right coalition 113 (FdI 65, Lega 30, FI 18), center-left coalition 43 (PD 40, AVS 3), M5S 28, Action-Italia Viva 9, SVP 2, MAIE 1, ScN 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 131, women 74, percentage women 36.1%<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - center-right coalition 230 (FdI 119, Lega 66, FI 45), center-left coalition 83 (PD 69, AVS 12, +EU 2), M5S 52, Action-Italia Viva 21, SVP 3, MAIE 1, ScN 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 271, women 129, percentage women 32.3%; total Parliament percentage women 33.6%"
},
"note": "<strong>note</strong>: in October 2019, Italy's Parliament voted to reduce the number of Senate seats from 315 to 200 and the number of Chamber of Deputies seats from 630 to 400; a referendum to reduce the membership of Parliament held on 20-21 September 2020 was approved, effective for the September 2022 snap election"
},
@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> women may serve in any military branch; as of 2020, women made up about 6% of the military's full-time personnel"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "120 Djibouti; approximately 750 Bulgaria (NATO); approximately 650 Middle East (NATO, European Assistance Mission Iraq); 250 Hungary (NATO; 1,500 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); 250 Latvia (NATO); 1,325 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 200 Libya; 350 Niger; 250 Romania (NATO); 150 Somalia (EUTM) (2024)",
"text": "120 Djibouti; approximately 750 Bulgaria (NATO); approximately 650 Middle East (NATO, European Assistance Mission Iraq); 250 Hungary (NATO; up to 1,500 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); 250 Latvia (NATO); 1,325 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 200 Libya; 350 Niger; 250 Romania (NATO); 150 Somalia (EUTM) (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Italy has about 11,500 total air, ground, and naval forces deployed on foreign missions"
},
"Military - note": {
@ -1268,9 +1268,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Italy-Austria-Switzerland</em>: borders are shifting because glacier peaks that had served as a natural boundary are melting</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "21,441 (Nigeria), 17,706 (Afghanistan), 17,619 (Pakistan), 11,193 (Mali), 8,405 (Somalia), 6,324 (Gambia), 5,768 (Bangladesh), 5,463 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 169,165 (Ukraine) (as of 23 February 2024)"

9
europe/je.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Jersey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Duchy of Normandy that held sway in both France and England. These islands were the only British soil occupied by German troops in World War II. The Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown dependency, which means that it is not part of the UK but is rather a self-governing possession of the British Crown. However, the UK Government is constitutionally responsible for its defense and international representation."
"text": "Jersey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Duchy of Normandy that held sway in both France and England. These islands were the only British soil that Germany occupied in World War II. The Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown dependency, which means that it is not part of the UK but is rather a self-governing possession of the British Crown. However, the UK Government is constitutionally responsible for its defense and international representation."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -413,10 +413,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Assembly of the States of Jersey (49 elected members; 8 senators to serve 4-year terms, and 29 deputies and 12 connetables, or heads of parishes, to serve 4-year terms; 5 non-voting members appointed by the monarch include the bailiff, lieutenant governor, dean of Jersey, attorney general, and the solicitor general)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 22 June 2022 (next to be held in 2026)"
"text": "last held on 22 June 2022 (next to be held in 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - BW 66.8%, RJ 12.3%, JA 2.0%, PP 2%, JLC 4.1%; seats by party - BW 35, RJ 10, JLC 2, JA 1, PP 1; composition as of April 2024 - men 28, women 21, percentage women 42.9%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - BW 66.8%, RJ 12.3%, JA 2.0%, PP 2%, JLC 4.1%; seats by party - BW 35, RJ 10, JLC 2, JA 1, PP 1; composition as of April 2024 - men 28, women 21, percentage women 42.9%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -707,8 +707,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

5
europe/jn.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "This desolate, arctic, mountainous island was named after a Dutch whaling captain who indisputably discovered it in 1614 (earlier claims are inconclusive). Visited only occasionally by seal hunters and trappers over the following centuries, the island came under Norwegian sovereignty in 1929. The long dormant Beerenberg volcano, the northernmost active volcano on earth, resumed activity in 1970 and the most recent eruption occurred in 1985."
"text": "This desolate, mountainous island in the Arctic Ocean was named after a Dutch whaling captain who indisputably discovered it in 1614 (earlier claims are inconclusive). Visited only occasionally by seal hunters and trappers over the centuries, the island came under Norwegian sovereignty in 1929. The long dormant Beerenberg volcano, the northernmost active volcano on earth, resumed activity in 1970, and the most recent eruption occurred in 1985."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -211,8 +211,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

9
europe/kv.json
View file

@ -429,10 +429,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Assembly or Kuvendi i Kosoves/Skupstina Kosova (120 seats; 100 members directly elected by open-list proportional representation vote with 20 seats reserved for ethnic minorities - 10 for Serbs and 10 for other ethnic minorities; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>st held on 14 February 2021 (next to be held in 2025)"
"text": "last held on 14 February 2021 (next to be held in 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - LVV 50%, PDK 16.9%, LDK 12.7%, AAK 7.1%, Serb List 5.1%, other 8.2%; seats by party - LVV 58, PDK 19, LDK 15, Serb List 10, AAK 8, other 10; composition as of December 2021 - men 79, women 41, percentage women 34.2%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - LVV 50%, PDK 16.9%, LDK 12.7%, AAK 7.1%, Serb List 5.1%, other 8.2%; seats by party - LVV 58, PDK 19, LDK 15, Serb List 10, AAK 8, other 10; composition as of December 2021 - men 79, women 41, percentage women 34.2%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -451,7 +451,7 @@
"text": "Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [Ramush HARADINAJ]<br>Ashkali Party for Integration or PAI [Bekim ARIFI]<br>Civic Initiative for Freedom, Justice, and Survival [Milan DABIC]<br>Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Lumir ABDIXHIKU]<br>Democratic Party of Kosovo or PDK [Memli KRASNIQI]<br>New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo or IRDK [Elbert KRASNIQI]<br>New Democratic Party or NDS [Emilja REDZEPI]<br>Progressive Movement of Kosovar Roma or LPRK [Erxhan GALJUSI]<br>Romani Initiative [Gazmend SALIJEVCI]<br>Self-Determination Movement (Lëvizja Vetevendosje or Vetevendosie) or LVV or VV [Albin KURTI]<br>Serb List or SL [Goran RAKIC]<br>Social Democratic Union or SDU [Duda BALJE]<br>Turkish Democratic Party of Kosovo or KDTP [Fikrim DAMKA]<br>Unique Gorani Party or JGP [Adem HODZA]<br>Vakat Coalition or VAKAT [Bahrim SABANI]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "IBRD, IDA, IFC, IMF, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OIF (observer)"
"text": "FIFA, IBRD, IDA, IFC, IMF, IOC, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OIF (observer)"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -1010,7 +1010,7 @@
"text": "any citizen of Kosovo over the age of 18 is eligible to serve in the Kosovo Security Force; upper age for enlisting is 30 for officers, 25 for other ranks, although these may be waived for recruits with key skills considered essential for the KSF<br> (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Kosovo Security Force (KSF) was established in 2009 as a small (1,500 personnel), lightly armed disaster response force; the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR) was charged with assisting in the development of the KSF and bringing it up to standards designated by NATO; the KSF was certified as fully operational by the North Atlantic Council in 2013, indicating the then 2,200-strong KSF was entirely capable of performing the tasks assigned under its mandate, which included non-military security functions that were not appropriate for the police, plus missions such as search and rescue, explosive ordnance disposal, control and clearance of hazardous materials, firefighting, and other humanitarian assistance tasks; in 2019, Kosovo approved legislation that began a process to transition the KSF by 2028 into a professional military (the Kosovo Armed Forces) led by a General Staff and comprised of a Land Force, a National Guard, a Logistics Command, and a Doctrine and Training Command; it would have a strength of up to 5,000 with about 3,000 reserves; at the same time, the KSF’s mission was expanded to include traditional military functions, such as territorial defense and international peacekeeping; the KSF’s first international mission was the deployment of a small force to Kuwait in 2021 <br><br>the NATO-led KFOR has operated in the country as a peace support force since 1999; in addition to assisting in the development of the KSF, KFOR is responsible for providing a safe and secure environment and ensuring freedom of movement for all citizens; it numbers about 3,700 troops from 27 countries; Kosovo regards the US as a key ally and security guarantor, and the US has provided considerable support to the KSF, including equipment and training (2023)"
"text": "the Kosovo Security Force (KSF) was established in 2009 as a small (1,500 personnel), lightly armed disaster response force; the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR) was charged with assisting in the development of the KSF and bringing it up to standards designated by NATO; the KSF was certified as fully operational by the North Atlantic Council in 2013, indicating the then 2,200-strong KSF was entirely capable of performing the tasks assigned under its mandate, which included non-military security functions that were not appropriate for the police, plus missions such as search and rescue, explosive ordnance disposal, control and clearance of hazardous materials, firefighting, and other humanitarian assistance tasks; in 2019, Kosovo approved legislation that began a process to transition the KSF by 2028 into a professional military (the Kosovo Armed Forces) led by a General Staff and comprised of a Land Force, a National Guard, a Logistics Command, and a Doctrine and Training Command; it would have a strength of up to 5,000 with about 3,000 reserves; at the same time, the KSF’s mission was expanded to include traditional military functions, such as territorial defense and international peacekeeping; the KSF’s first international mission was the deployment of a small force to Kuwait in 2021 <br><br>the NATO-led KFOR has operated in the country as a peace support force since 1999; in addition to assisting in the development of the KSF, KFOR is responsible for providing a safe and secure environment and ensuring freedom of movement for all citizens; as of 2024, it numbered about 4,400 troops from 28 countries; Kosovo regards the US as a key ally and security guarantor, and the US has provided considerable support to the KSF, including equipment and training (2024)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
@ -1021,7 +1021,6 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Kosovo-Albania</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Kosovo-Montenegro</em>: their 2015 demarcation agreement was ratified by Montenegro in December 2015 and by Kosovo in March 2018, but the actual demarcation has not been completed</p> <p><em>Kosovo-North Macedonia:</em> Kosovo and North Macedonia completed demarcation of their boundary in September 2008; both countries ratified the demarcation documents on October 17, 2009, after high-level consultations resolved the disputed section of border around Debelde/Tanusevci</p> <p><em>Kosovo-Serbia</em>: Serbia has not recognized Kosovo's independence, and Belgrade continues to claim it as its territory; the 2013 Brussels Agreement launched a process of EU-facilitated normalization between Serbia and Kosovo process, a prerequisite for their EU accession; in February and March 2023, both the two countries accepted the Agreement on the Path to Normalization and its Implementation Annex, whose implementation remains incomplete</p>",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> NATO-led Kosovo Force peacekeepers deployed under UN Security Council Resolution 1244 continue to ensure a safe and secure environment and freedom of movement for all Kosovo citizens; in September 2023, KFOR deployed additional forces in the north of Kosovo and increased patrols along the border with Serbia after Kosovo-Serb paramilitaries attacked Kosovo police near the town of Banjska; some of Kosovo’s ethnic Serb minority, most of whom live in the northern regions, view themselves as part of Serbia, and Serbian municipalities along the northern border have challenged the final status of Kosovo-Serbia boundary; some protests have turned violent "
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {

9
europe/lg.json
View file

@ -559,10 +559,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Saeima (100 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 1 October 2012 (next to be held no later than 3 October 2026)"
"text": "last held on 1 October 2012 (next to be held no later than 3 October 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - JV 19.2%, ZZS 12.6%, AS 11.1%, NA 9.4%, S! 6.9%, LPV 6.3%, PRO 6.2%; seats by party - JV 26, ZZS 16, AS 15, NA 13, S! 11, LPV 9, PRO 10; composition as of February 2024 - men 68, women 32, percentage women 32%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - JV 19.2%, ZZS 12.6%, AS 11.1%, NA 9.4%, S! 6.9%, LPV 6.3%, PRO 6.2%; seats by party - JV 26, ZZS 16, AS 15, NA 13, S! 11, LPV 9, PRO 10; composition as of February 2024 - men 68, women 32, percentage women 32%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1201,16 +1201,13 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> conscription reintroduced in 2024<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> as of 2022, women comprised about 16% of the military's full-time personnel"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "130 Kosovo (KFOR/NATO) (2023)"
"text": "135 Kosovo (KFOR/NATO) (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the National Armed Forces are responsible for the defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory; they also have some domestic security responsibilities, including coast guard functions, search and rescue, humanitarian assistance, and providing support to other internal security services, including the State Border Service, the State Police, and the State Security Service; the Military Police provides protection to the president and other government officials, foreign dignitaries, and key facilities; for external defense, Latvia’s primary security focus is Russia, which has only increased since the Russian seizure of Crimea in 2014 and full-scale attack on Ukraine in 2022; in 2004, Latvia joined NATO and the EU, which it depends on to play a decisive role in Latvia’s security policy; Latvia is actively engaged in both NATO and the EU, as well as bilaterally with its allies in order to bolster its own security and that of the surrounding region; the Latvian military has participated in NATO and EU missions abroad and regularly conducts training and exercises with NATO and EU partner forces; Latvia also hosts NATO partner forces and is a member of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a pool of high-readiness military forces from 10 Baltic and Scandinavian countries designed to respond to a wide range of contingencies in the North Atlantic, Baltic Sea, and High North regions<br><br>the Land Forces have a single mechanized brigade; since 2017, Latvia has hosted a Canadian-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; in addition, Latvia hosts a NATO-led divisional headquarters (Multinational Division North; activated 2020), which coordinates training and preparation activities of its respective subordinate NATO battlegroups in Estonia and Latvia; the Land Forces are supplemented by the National Guard, which has four regionally based infantry brigades that are manned by part-time personnel supplemented by some full-time professional soldiers; in peacetime, the brigades participate in emergency, fire and rescue operations, and other emergencies<br><br>the Air Force has no combat aircraft; NATO has provided air protection for Latvia since 2004 through its Baltics Air Policing mission; NATO member countries that possess air combat capabilities voluntarily contribute to the mission on four-month rotations; the Naval Forces feature a few patrol vessels and minesweepers; the military also has logistics, military police, special operations forces, and training commands (2024)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Latvia-Belarus</em>: Belarus and Latvia signed joint demarcation map in September 2008</p> <p><em>Latvia-Estonia</em>: demarcation reportedly completed in 1998</p> <p><em>Latvia-Lithuania</em>: boundary demarcation was completed by the end of 1998; the Latvian parliament has not ratified its 1998 maritime boundary treaty with Lithuania, primarily due to concerns over oil exploration rights</p> <p><em>Latvia-Russia</em>: tensions with Russia have risen considerably since its invasion of Ukraine in 2022, which Latvia has strongly condemned and has since designated Russia a state sponsor of terrorism and expelled the Russian ambassador; Russia has criticized the Latvian Government over alleged mistreatment of ethnic Russians in Latvia; in March 2007, Latvia and Russia signed a border treaty, which included Latvia withdrawing claims to a district now in Russia that was part of Latvia before World War II; the permanent demarcation of the boundary between Latvia and Russia was completed and came into force in April 2018; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Latvia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules with Russia</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "47,615 (Ukraine) (as of 6 March 2024)"

9
europe/lh.json
View file

@ -566,10 +566,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Seimas (141 seats; 71 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote and 70 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 11 and 25 October 2020 (next to be held on 13 October 2024)"
"text": "last held on 11 and 25 October 2020 (next to be held on 13 October 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - TS-LKD 50, LVZS 32, LSDP 13, LRLS 13, LP 11, DP 10, LLRA-KSS 3, LSDDP 3, LT 1, LZP 1, independent 4; composition as of February 2024 - men 99, women 41, percentage women 29.3%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - TS-LKD 50, LVZS 32, LSDP 13, LRLS 13, LP 11, DP 10, LLRA-KSS 3, LSDDP 3, LT 1, LZP 1, independent 4; composition as of February 2024 - men 99, women 41, percentage women 29.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -611,7 +611,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d&rsquo;Affaires Tamir WASER (since 12 August 2023)"
"text": "Ambassador Kara C. McDONALD (since 26 January 2024)"
},
"embassy": {
"text": "Akmenu gatve 6, Vilnius, LT-03106"
@ -1253,9 +1253,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Lithuania-Belarus</em>: as of January 2007, ground demarcation of the boundary with Belarus was complete and mapped with final ratification documents in preparation</p> <p><em>Lithuania-Lativa</em>: boundary demarcated with Latvia was completed in 1998</p> <p><em>Lithuania-Russia</em>:<strong> </strong>Lithuania and Russia committed to demarcating their boundary in 2006 in accordance with the land and maritime treaty ratified by Russia in May 2003 and by Lithuania in 1999; Lithuania operates a simplified transit regime for Russian nationals traveling from the Kaliningrad coastal exclave into Russia, while still conforming, as a EU member state having an external border with a non-EU member, to strict Schengen border rules; in January 2018, demarcation of the Lithuania-Russia border was completed</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "41,490 (Ukraine) (as of 11 March 2024)"

10
europe/lo.json
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@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
"text": "last held on 30 September 2023 (next to be held by 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - SMER-SSD 23%, PS 18%, Hlas-SD 14.7%, OL'aNO 8.9%, KDH 6.8%, SaS 6.3%, SNS 5.6%; seats by party SMER-SSD 42, PS 32, Hlas-SD 27, OL'aNO 16, KDH 12, SaS 11, SNS 10; composition as of February 2024 - men 116, women 34, percent of women 22.7%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - SMER-SSD 23%, PS 18%, Hlas-SD 14.7%, OL'aNO 8.9%, KDH 6.8%, SaS 6.3%, SNS 5.6%; seats by party - SMER-SSD 42, PS 32, Hlas-SD 27, OL'aNO 16, KDH 12, SaS 11, SNS 10; composition as of February 2024 - men 116, women 34, percentage women 22.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1211,8 +1211,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of 2020, women made up around 12% of the military's full-time personnel"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "240 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 150 Latvia (NATO) (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Slovakia, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe"
"text": "240 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 150 Latvia (NATO) (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Slovak military was created from the Czechoslovak Army after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in January 1993; it is a small and professional force responsible for external defense and fulfilling Slovakia’s commitments to European and international security; Slovakia has been a member of both the EU and NATO since 2004; a key focus of the Slovak military is fulfilling the country’s security responsibilities to NATO, including modernizing and acquiring NATO-compatible equipment, participating in training exercises, and providing forces for security missions such as NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence in the Baltic States; since 2022, Slovakia has hosted a NATO ground force battlegroup comprised of troops from Czechia, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, and the US as part of the NATO effort to boost the defenses of Eastern Europe since the Russian invasion of Ukraine; Slovakia also contributes to EU and UN peacekeeping missions<br><br>the military operates under a General Staff and a Joint Operations Command; the combat units of the subordinate Land Forces are two mechanized infantry brigades, plus separate battalions of artillery and reconnaissance forces; the separate Special Operations Forces include special forces and airborne units; the Air Force has only a handful of fighter aircraft and is assisted by NATO’s air policing mission over Slovakia, which includes fighter aircraft from Czechia and Poland; in 2022, Slovakia signed a defense agreement with the US that allows the US to use two Slovak military air bases; as a landlocked country, Slovakia does not have a naval force (2023)"
@ -1228,12 +1227,9 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "none identified"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "117,265 (Ukraine) (as of 24 March 2024)"
"text": "117,265 (Ukraine) (as of 14 April 2024)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "2,940 (2022)"

7
europe/ls.json
View file

@ -488,10 +488,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members directly elected in 2 multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 7 February 2021 (next to be held on 7 February 2025)"
"text": "last held on 7 February 2021 (next to be held on 7 February 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - FBP 40%, VU 40%, FL 12%, DpL 8%; seats by party - FBP 10, VU 10, FL 3, DpL 2; composition as of February 2024 - men 18, women 7, percentage women 28%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - FBP 40%, VU 40%, FL 12%, DpL 8%; seats by party - FBP 10, VU 10, FL 3, DpL 2; composition as of February 2024 - men 18, women 7, percentage women 28%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -814,9 +814,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "has strengthened money laundering controls, but money laundering remains a concern due to Liechtenstein's sophisticated offshore financial services sector"
}

7
europe/lu.json
View file

@ -542,10 +542,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - a 21-member Council of State appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 8 October 2023 (next to be held by 31 October 2028)"
"text": "last held on 8 October 2023 (next to be held by 31 October 2028)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - CSV 29.2%, LSAP 18.9%, DP 18.7%, ADR 9.3%, Green Party 8.6%, Pirate Party 6.7%, The Left 3.9%; seats by party - CSV 21, DP 14, LSAP 11, ADR 5, Green Party 4, Pirate Party 3, The Left 2; composition as of February 2024 - men 40, women 20, percentage women 33.3%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - CSV 29.2%, LSAP 18.9%, DP 18.7%, ADR 9.3%, Green Party 8.6%, Pirate Party 6.7%, The Left 3.9%; seats by party - CSV 21, DP 14, LSAP 11, ADR 5, Green Party 4, Pirate Party 3, The Left 2; composition as of February 2024 - men 40, women 20, percentage women 33.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1192,9 +1192,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "6,065 (Ukraine) (as of 11 August 2023)"

9
europe/md.json
View file

@ -551,10 +551,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Parliament (101 seats; 51 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 50 members directly elected in a single, nationwide constituency by closed party-list proportional representation vote; all members serve 4-year terms"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 11 July 2021 (next to be held in July 2025)"
"text": "last held on 11 July 2021 (next to be held in July 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br></em>percent of vote by party - PAS 52.8%, BECS 27.1%, SOR 5.7%, other 14.4%; seats by party - PAS 63, BECS 32, SOR 6; composition as of February 2024 - men 58, women 40, percent of women 40.8%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - PAS 52.8%, BECS 27.1%, SOR 5.7%, other 14.4%; seats by party - PAS 63, BECS 32, SOR 6; composition as of February 2024 - men 58, women 40, percent of women 40.8%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1187,12 +1187,9 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Moldova-Ukraine</em>: Ukraine and Moldova signed an agreement officially delimiting their border in 1999, but the border has not been demarcated due to Moldova's difficulties with the break-away region of Transnistria; Moldova and Ukraine operate joint customs posts to monitor the transit of people and commodities through Moldova's break-away Transnistria region, which remains under the auspices of an Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe-mandated peacekeeping mission comprised of Moldovan, Transnistrian, and Russian troops</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "116,855 (Ukraine) (as of 10 March 2024)"
"text": "116,855 (Ukraine) (as of 7 April 2024)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,701 (2022)"

7
europe/mj.json
View file

@ -581,10 +581,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Assembly or Skupstina (81 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 11 June 2023 (next to be held in June 2027)"
"text": "last held on 11 June 2023 (next to be held in June 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party/coalition - Europe Now! 25.5%, Together! 23.2%, For the Future of Montenegro 14.7%, Aleksa and Dritan - Count Bravely 12.5%, BP 7.1%, SNP-DEMOS 3.1%, Albanian Forum 1.9%, HGI 0.7%; seats by party/coalition Europe Now! 24, Together! 21, For the Future of Montenegro 13, Aleksa and Dritan - Count Bravely 11, BP 6, SNP-DEMOS 2, Albanian Forum 2, Albanian Alliance 1, HGI 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 59, women 22, percent of women 27.2%"
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - Europe Now! 25.5%, Together! 23.2%, For the Future of Montenegro 14.7%, Aleksa and Dritan - Count Bravely 12.5%, BP 7.1%, SNP-DEMOS 3.1%, Albanian Forum 1.9%, HGI 0.7%; seats by party/coalition Europe Now! 24, Together! 21, For the Future of Montenegro 13, Aleksa and Dritan - Count Bravely 11, BP 6, SNP-DEMOS 2, Albanian Forum 2, Albanian Alliance 1, HGI 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 59, women 22, percent of women 27.2%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1233,9 +1233,6 @@
"Terrorism": {
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Montenegro-Bosnia and Herzegovina</em>: the two countries signed a border agreement in August 2015; sovereignty of the disputed Sutorina territory was given to Montenegro</p> <p><em>Montenegro-Croatia</em>: the two countries in 2002 reached a temporary agreement designating the Prevlaka Peninsula as part of Croatia, in October 2020, a Montenegrin official resurrected the dormant dispute over the Prevlaka Peninsula by stating that Montenegro had a good chance of winning it through international arbitration</p> <p><em>Montenegro-Kosovo</em>: a 2015 border agreement was ratified by Montenegro in 2015 and by Kosovo in 2018, but the actual demarcation has not been completed</p> <p><em>Montenegro-Serbia</em>: the former republic boundary – when the two countries were one and called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia – serves as the boundary until a line is formally delimited and demarcated; nearly one-third of Montenegro's people identify as Serbs, and divisions in the country remain deep over relations with Serbia</p> <p> </p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "65,105 (Ukraine) (as of 29 January 2024)"

9
europe/mk.json
View file

@ -480,7 +480,7 @@
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "Skopje derives from its ancient name Scupi, the Latin designation of a classical era Greco-Roman frontier fortress town; the name may go back even further to a pre-Greek, Illyrian name"
"text": "Skopje derives from its ancient name Scupi, the Latin designation of a Dardanian and classical era Greco-Roman frontier fortress town; the name goes back to a pre-Hellenic, Illyrian times"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
@ -545,10 +545,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Assembly - Sobranie in Macedonian, Kuvend in Albanian (between 120 and 140 seats, currently 120; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote; possibility of 3 directly elected in diaspora constituencies by simple majority vote provided there is sufficient voter turnout; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 15 July 2020 (next to be held on 8 May 2024)"
"text": "last held on 15 July 2020 (next to be held on 8 May 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party/coalition - We Can! 35.9%, Renewal 34.6%, BDI 11.5%, AfA-Alternative 9%, The Left 4.1%, PDSH 1.5%, other 3.4%; seats by party/coalition - We Can! 46, Renewal 44, BDI 15, AfA-Alternative 12, The Left 2, PDSH 1; composition - men 69, women 51, percentage women 42.5%"
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - We Can! 35.9%, Renewal 34.6%, BDI 11.5%, AfA-Alternative 9%, The Left 4.1%, PDSH 1.5%, other 3.4%; seats by party/coalition - We Can! 46, Renewal 44, BDI 15, AfA-Alternative 12, The Left 2, PDSH 1; composition as of March 2024 - men 69, women 51, percentage women 42.5%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1168,9 +1168,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>North Macedonia-Albania</em>: none identified<br><br><em>North Macedonia-Bulgaria</em>: Bulgaria vetoed North Macedonia's EU accession and disputes the legitimacy of Macedonian identity and language</p> <p><em>North Macedonia-Greece</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>North Macedonia-Kosovo</em>: North Macedonia and Kosovo completed demarcation of their boundary in October 2009</p> <p><em>North Macedonia-Serbia</em>: none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "18,915 (Ukraine) (as of 22 February 2024)"

7
europe/mn.json
View file

@ -476,10 +476,10 @@
"text": "unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 8 directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 5 February 2023 (next to be held in February 2028)"
"text": "last held on 5 February 2023 (next to be held in February 2028)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by coalition - Monegasque National Union 100%; seats by coalition - Monegasque National Union 24; composition as of February 2024 - men 13, women 11, percent of women 45.8%"
"text": "percent of vote by coalition - Monegasque National Union 100%; seats by coalition - Monegasque National Union 24; composition as of February 2024 - men 13, women 11, percent of women 45.8%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -800,8 +800,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

7
europe/mt.json
View file

@ -539,10 +539,10 @@
"text": "unicameral House of Representatives or Il-Kamra Tad-Deputati, a component of the Parliament of Malta (65 seats statutory, 79 for 2022-2027 term; members directly elected in 5 multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 26 March 2022 (next to be held in 2027)"
"text": "last held on 26 March 2022 (next to be held in 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - PL 55.1%, PN 41.7%, other 3.2%; seats by party - PL 38, PN 29; composition as of February 2024 - men 57, women 22, percentage women 27.9%; note - due to underepresentation by women in the combined general on 26 March and two casual elections on 7 and 12 April (10 seats or 14.9%), an additional 12 seats were awarded because their percentage did not meet the 40% threshold required by the Malta Constitution or the General Elections Amendment Act 2021"
"text": "percent of vote by party - PL 55.1%, PN 41.7%, other 3.2%; seats by party - PL 38, PN 29; composition as of February 2024 - men 57, women 22, percentage women 27.9%; note - due to underepresentation by women in the combined general on 26 March and two casual elections on 7 and 12 April (10 seats or 14.9%), an additional 12 seats were awarded because their percentage did not meet the 40% threshold required by the Malta Constitution or the General Elections Amendment Act 2021"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1177,9 +1177,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "11 (2022)"

7
europe/nl.json
View file

@ -569,10 +569,10 @@
"text": "bicameral States General or Staten Generaal consists of:<br>Senate or Eerste Kamer (75 seats; members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial council members by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)<br>House of Representatives or Tweede Kamer (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote to serve up to 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 30 May 2023 (next to be held in May 2027)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 22 November 2023 (next to be held on 30 November 2027)"
"text": "Senate - last held on 30 May 2023 (next to be held in May 2027)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 22 November 2023 (next to be held on 30 November 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - BBB 21.3%, VVD 13.3%, GL 9.3%, PvdA 9.3%, CDA 8.0%, D66 6.7%, PVV 5.3%, SP 4%, CU 4%, PvdD 4%, JA21 4%, Volt 2.7%, SGP 2.7%,  FvD 2.7%, other 2.6%; seats by party - BBB 16, VVD 10, GL 7, PvdA 7, CDA 6, D66 5, PVV 4, SP 3, CU 3, PvdD 3, JA21 3, Volt 2, SGP 2, FvD 2 other 2; composition as of February 2024 - men 45, women 30, percentage women 40%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PVV 23.6%, GL/PvdA 15.5%, VVD 15.2%, NSC 12.8%, D66 6.2%, BBB 4.7%, CDA 3.3%, SP 3.1%, Denk 2.4%, FvD 2.2%, PvdD 2.3%, CU 2.1%, SGP 2.2%, other 6.4%; seats by party - PVV 37, GL/PvdA 25, VVD 24, NSC 20, D66 9, BBB 7, CDA 5, SP 5, Denk 3, PvdD 3, CU 3, FvD 3, SGP 3, other 6; composition as of February 2024 - men 91, women 58, percentage women 38.7%; total States General percentage women 39.3%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - BBB 21.3%, VVD 13.3%, GL 9.3%, PvdA 9.3%, CDA 8.0%, D66 6.7%, PVV 5.3%, SP 4%, CU 4%, PvdD 4%, JA21 4%, Volt 2.7%, SGP 2.7%,  FvD 2.7%, other 2.6%; seats by party - BBB 16, VVD 10, GL 7, PvdA 7, CDA 6, D66 5, PVV 4, SP 3, CU 3, PvdD 3, JA21 3, Volt 2, SGP 2, FvD 2 other 2; composition as of February 2024 - men 45, women 30, percentage women 40%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PVV 23.6%, GL/PvdA 15.5%, VVD 15.2%, NSC 12.8%, D66 6.2%, BBB 4.7%, CDA 3.3%, SP 3.1%, Denk 2.4%, FvD 2.2%, PvdD 2.3%, CU 2.1%, SGP 2.2%, other 6.4%; seats by party - PVV 37, GL/PvdA 25, VVD 24, NSC 20, D66 9, BBB 7, CDA 5, SP 5, Denk 3, PvdD 3, CU 3, FvD 3, SGP 3, other 6; composition as of February 2024 - men 91, women 58, percentage women 38.7%; total States General percentage women 39.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1270,9 +1270,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "53,496 (Syria), 19,204 (Eritrea), 7,106 (Turkey), 5,593 (Iran), 5,152 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 117,950 (Ukraine) (as of 21 February 2024)"

9
europe/no.json
View file

@ -561,10 +561,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Storting (169 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 13 September 2021 (next to be held on 30 September 2025)"
"text": "last held on 13 September 2021 (next to be held on 30 September 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - Ap 26.3%, H 20.5%, SP 13.6%, FrP 11.7%, SV 7.6%, R 4.7%, V 4.6%, MDG 3.9%, KrF 3.8%, PF 0.2%, other 3.1%; seats by party - Ap 48, H 36, SP 28, FrP 21, SV 13, R 8, V 8, , KrF 3, MDG 3, PF 1; composition as of October 2021 - men 94, women 75, percentage women 44.4%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - Ap 26.3%, H 20.5%, SP 13.6%, FrP 11.7%, SV 7.6%, R 4.7%, V 4.6%, MDG 3.9%, KrF 3.8%, PF 0.2%, other 3.1%; seats by party - Ap 48, H 36, SP 28, FrP 21, SV 13, R 8, V 8, , KrF 3, MDG 3, PF 1; composition as of March 2024 - men 94, women 75, percentage women 44.4%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1208,7 +1208,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>individuals conscripted each year are selected from a larger cohort who are evaluated through online assessments and physical tests; for the 2023 conscription cohort, over 24,000 men and women were selected for the physical tests, and from among them about 9,800 were selected for military service—36 percent were women; Norway has had compulsory military service since 1907<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> Norway was the first NATO country to allow women to serve in all combat arms branches of the military (1985); it also has an all-female special operations unit known as Jegertroppen (The Hunter Troop), which was established in 2014; as of 2023, women comprised about 20% of the military's full-time personnel<br><br><strong>note 3:</strong> beginning in 1995, the military began offering Icelandic citizens the opportunity to apply for admission to officer schools in Norway with an associated education and service contract under special reasons and based on recommendations from Icelandic authorities; as early as 1996, Norway and Iceland entered into a cooperation agreement on the voluntary participation of Icelandic personnel in Norwegian force contributions in foreign operations"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "up to 200 Lithuania (NATO) (2023)"
"text": "up to 200 Lithuania (NATO); Norway also has deployed air and naval assets in support of other NATO operations such as the Iceland Air Policing and the Mine Counter Measures Group missions&nbsp; (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Norwegian Armed Forces (Forsvaret) are responsible for protecting Norway and its allies, including monitoring Norway’s airspace, digital, land, and maritime areas, maintaining the country’s borders and sovereignty, contributing to NATO and UN missions, and providing support to civil society, such as assisting the police, search and rescue, and maritime counterterrorism efforts; the military’s territorial and sovereignty defense missions are complicated by Norway’s vast sea areas, numerous islands, long and winding fjords, and difficult and mountainous terrain; a key area of focus is its far northern border with Russia<br><br>Norway is one of the original members of NATO, and the Alliance is a key component of Norway’s defense policy; the Forsvaret participates regularly in NATO exercises, missions, and operations, including air policing of NATO territory, NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence mission in the Baltic States and Eastern Europe, and standing naval missions, as well as operations in non-NATO areas, such as the Middle East; the Forsvaret also cooperates closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO; established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; Norway contributes to the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a pool of high-readiness military forces from 10 Baltic and Scandinavian countries designed to respond to a wide range of contingencies both in peacetime and in times of crisis or conflict with a focus on the High North, North Atlantic, and Baltic Sea regions; the Forsvaret participates in UN missions in such areas as Africa and the Middle East; Norway has close military ties with the US, including rotational US military deployments and an agreement allowing for mutual defense activities and US military forces to access some Norwegian facilities <br><br>the Forsvaret is a compact and mixed force of conscripts and professionals that trains regularly and is equipped with modern weapons systems; its origins go back to the leidangen, defense forces which were established along the coastline in the 10th century to protect the Norwegian coast; the Army was created in 1628; its principal combat forces are a mechanized infantry brigade, plus a special operations commando (group); the Finnmark Land Command safeguards Norway's northernmost land territories and the land border with Russia; the Army is supplemented by the Home Guard (Heimevernet or HV), a reserve mobilization and national emergency force consisting of some 40,000 part-time soldiers spread over 11 districts where they have territorial responsibility for protecting key civilian and military installations and may assist civil authorities during natural disasters and search and rescue operations; the HV includes several rapid-reaction intervention task forces<br><br>the Navy is comprised of the fleet, the Coast Guard, and several bases; the fleet has a small mix of frigates, corvettes, and attack submarines, as well as mine warfare vessels; it also has a special operations group and the Coastal Hunter Command (Kystjegerkommandoen), which monitors coastal seas and land; the Air Force has about 60 US-made combat aircraft and is slated to have a new fully operational fleet of US F-35 stealth multirole fighters by 2025 (2024)"
@ -1227,9 +1227,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Norway-Antarctica</em>: Norway asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Queen Maud Land and its continental shelf)</p> <p><em>Norway-Russia</em>: Russia amended its 2001 CLCS submission in 2015 and 2021, each time delineating the outer limits of its continental shelf further into the Arctic Ocean; Norway and Russia signed a comprehensive maritime boundary agreement in 2010, ending a dispute over an area of the Barents Sea by dividing the territory equally</p> <p><em>Norway-Sweden</em>: none identified</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "15,901 (Syria), 10,883 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2022); 70,085 (Ukraine) (as of 8 March 2024)"

13
europe/pl.json
View file

@ -582,10 +582,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (100 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)<br>Sejm (460 seats; members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote with 5% threshold of total votes needed for parties and 8% for coalitions to gain seats; minority parties exempt from threshold; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 15 October 2023 (next to be held in 2027)<br>Sejm - last held on 15 October 2023 (next to be held in 2027)"
"text": "Senate - last held on 15 October 2023 (next to be held in 2027)<br>Sejm - last held on 15 October 2023 (next to be held in 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA<br><br>Sejm (preliminary results as of 10/15/2023): PiS 35.4%, KO 30.7%, TD 14.4%, Lewica 8.6%, Konf 7.2%; seats by party - PiS 194, KO 157, TD 65, Lewica 26, Konf 18; composition as of XX XXXX - men X, women X, percentage women NA%; total Parliament percentage women 27.5%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition - United Right 34.8%, Civic Coalition 28.9%, Third Way 11.5%, The Left 5.3%, Senate Pact Independents 2.7%, independent 3%; seats by party/coalition - Civic Coalition 41, United Right 34, Third Way 11, The Left 9, Senate Pact Independents 4, independent 1<br><br>Sejm - percent of vote by party - PiS 35.4%, KO 30.7%, TD 14.4%, Lewica 8.6%, Konf 7.2%; seats by party - PiS 194, KO 157, TD 65, Lewica 26, Konf 18"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the designation National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe is only used on those rare occasions when the 2 houses meet jointly"
},
@ -1231,10 +1231,10 @@
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 120,000 active-duty personnel (65,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 15,000 Air Force; 3,000 Special Forces; 30,000 joint service/other); approximately 40,000 Territorial Defense Forces (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in June 2019, the Polish Government approved a plan to increase the size of the military over a period of 10 years to over 200,000 troops, including doubling the size of the Territorial Defense Forces; in 2021, it announced additional plans to increase the size of the military to over 300,000 personnel"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in June 2019, the Polish Government approved a plan to increase the size of the military over a period of 10 years to over 200,000 troops, including doubling the size of the Territorial Defense Forces; in 2021, it announced further plans to increase the size of the military to over 300,000 personnel"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the military's inventory consists of a mix of Soviet-era and more modern, NATO-compatible, weapons systems; in recent years, the leading suppliers of armaments have included several European countries, South Korea, and the US; Poland has a large domestic defense sector that produces or provides upgrades to a wide variety of weapons systems, particularly ground systems such as tanks and other armored vehicles; it also cooperates with the European and US defense sectors (2023)",
"text": "the military's inventory consists of a mix of some Soviet-era and a growing amount of more modern, NATO-compatible, weapons systems; in recent years, the leading suppliers of armaments have included several European countries, South Korea, and the US; Poland has a large domestic defense sector that produces or provides upgrades to a wide variety of weapons systems, particularly ground systems such as tanks and other armored vehicles; it also cooperates with the European and US defense sectors (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in late 2018, Poland announced a 7-year (through 2026) approximately $50 billion defense modernization plan that would include such items as 5th generation combat aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, rocket artillery, helicopters, submarines, frigates, and improved cyber security; in 2022-2023, it signed large military weapons contracts with South Korea, the UK, and the US"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> as of 2019, women made up about 7% of the military's full-time personnel<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>in May 2022, Poland announced a new 12-month voluntary military service program with recruits going through a one-month basic training period with a military unit, followed by 11 months of specialized training; upon completion of service, the volunteers would be allowed to join the Territorial Defense Forces or the active reserve, and have priority to join the professional army and be given preference for employment in the public sector; the program is part of an effort to increase the size of the Polish military"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "250 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); up to 180 Latvia (NATO); 200 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 230 Romania (NATO) (2023)",
"text": "210 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); up to 180 Latvia (NATO); 190 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 230 Romania (NATO) (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>Poland has obligated about 2,500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation"
},
"Military - note": {
@ -1265,9 +1265,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Poland-Belarus-Ukraine</em>: as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Poland has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to restrict illegal immigration and trade along its eastern borders with Belarus and Ukraine</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "956,635 (Ukraine) (as of 15 December 2023)"

10
europe/po.json
View file

@ -558,10 +558,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; 226 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote and 4 members - 2 each in 2 constituencies representing Portuguese living abroad - directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 10 March 2024 (next to be held on 30 September 2028); note - early elections were called after Prime Minister Antonio Luis Santos da COSTA resigned on 7 November 2023"
"text": "last held on 10 March 2024 (next to be held on 30 September 2028); note - early elections were called after Prime Minister Antonio Luis Santos da COSTA resigned on 7 November 2023"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - AD (PSD, CDS-PP, PPM) 28.8%, PS, 28%, Enough 18.1%, IL 4.9%, BE 4.4%, L 3.2%, CDU 3.2%, other 9.4%; seats by party - AD (PSD, CDS-PP, PPM) 80, PS 78, Enough 50, IL 8, BE 5, L 4, CDU 4, other 1; composition as of March 2024 - men 155, women 75, percentage women 32.6%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - AD (PSD, CDS-PP, PPM) 28.8%, PS, 28%, Enough 18.1%, IL 4.9%, BE 4.4%, L 3.2%, CDU 3.2%, other 9.4%; seats by party - AD (PSD, CDS-PP, PPM) 80, PS 78, Enough 50, IL 8, BE 5, L 4, CDU 4, other 1; composition as of March 2024 - men 155, women 75, percentage women 32.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1215,8 +1215,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>as of 2023, women made up about 14% of the military's full-time personnel"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "225 Central African Republic (MINUSCA/EUTM); approximately 200 Lithuania (NATO); approximately 230 Romania (NATO) (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>in 2021, Portugal deployed about 80 troops to Mozambique to assist with the EU training mission<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>Portugal also participates in several NATO maritime and air policing operations, as well as some EU international missions"
"text": "the Portuguese Armed Forces have more than 1,100 military personnel deployed around the world engaged in missions supporting the EU, NATO, the UN, and partner nations; key deployments include 225 troops in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA), approximately 220 in Lithuania (NATO), and approximately 150 in Romania (NATO); it also participates in NATO air policing and maritime patrolling operations (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Portuguese military is an all-volunteer force with the primary responsibilities of external defense, humanitarian operations, and fulfilling Portugal’s commitments to European and international security; Portugal was one of the original signers of the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949 establishing NATO, and the Alliance forms a key pillar of Portugal’s defense policy; Portugal is also a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy, and it regularly participates in a variety of EU, NATO, and UN deployments around the world; the military’s largest commitments include air, ground, and naval forces under NATO-led missions and standing task forces in the Baltics, Eastern Europe, and the Mediterranean Sea; the military also participates regularly in exercises with NATO partners <br><br>Portugal has had a standing army since the 1570s; the modern-day Army’s primary combat forces are a heavy mechanized brigade, a light mechanized “intervention” brigade, and a rapid reaction brigade comprised of commandos, paratroopers, and special forces; there are also garrison units in the Azores and Madeira <br><br>Portugal’s Navy is one of the oldest in the world, having been permanently established in in the 1300s, and maritime security has long been a key component of the military’s portfolio; the current Navy has a wide variety of missions in addition to war fighting, such as combating piracy, evacuating national citizens from conflict zones, fishery inspections, maritime interdiction, search and rescue, providing support to other domestic security agencies, and assisting with scientific research; its principal warships are 11 frigates, corvettes, and offshore patrol ships, and two attack-type submarines; the Navy also has a small marine force, which constitutes the Navy’s commando and special operations component <br><br>the Air Force was formed in 1952 although the first flying unit was created in 1911; the current Air Force has about 20 US-made fighter aircraft, as well as reconnaissance and surveillance, maritime patrol, transport, search and rescue, and firefighting fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft (2023)"
@ -1241,9 +1240,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Portugal-Spain</em>: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "59,920 (Ukraine) (as of 31 January 2024)"

8
europe/ri.json
View file

@ -588,7 +588,7 @@
"text": "last held on 17 December 2023 (next to be held in 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - Serbia Must Stop 48%, SPN 24.4%, SPS-JS-ZS 6.7%, NADA 5.2%, MI-GIN 4.8%, Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians 1.7%, SPP-DSHV 0.8%, SDAS 0.6%, Political Battle of the Albanians Continues 0.4%, RS-NKPJ 0.3%, other 7.1%; seats by party/coalition - Serbia Must Stop 128, SPN 65, SPS-JS-ZS 18, NADA 13, MI-GIN 13, Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians 6, SPP-DSHV 3, SDAS 2, Political Battle of the Albanians Continues 1, RS-NKPJ 1; composition - men NA, women NA; percent of women NA%"
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - Serbia Must Stop 48%, SPN 24.4%, SPS-JS-ZS 6.7%, NADA 5.2%, MI-GIN 4.8%, Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians 1.7%, SPP-DSHV 0.8%, SDAS 0.6%, Political Battle of the Albanians Continues 0.4%, RS-NKPJ 0.3%, other 7.1%; seats by party/coalition - Serbia Must Stop 128, SPN 65, SPS-JS-ZS 18, NADA 13, MI-GIN 13, Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians 6, SPP-DSHV 3, SDAS 2, Political Battle of the Albanians Continues 1, RS-NKPJ 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 155, women 95; percentage women 38%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1219,17 +1219,13 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of 2021, women made up about 16% of the military's full-time personnel"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "180 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>Serbia also has small numbers of troops deployed on other UN, as well as a few EU, missions"
"text": "180 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Serbian military is responsible for defense and deterrence against external threats, supporting international peacekeeping operations, and providing support to civil authorities for internal security; specific threat concerns of the military include extremism, separatism, and deepening international recognition of Kosovo; Serbia has cooperated with NATO since 2006, when it joined the Partnership for Peace program, and the military trains with NATO countries, particularly other Balkan states; Serbia has participated in EU peacekeeping missions, as well as missions under the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the UN; it also maintains close security ties with Russia and has a growing security relationship with China<br><br>the modern Serbian military was established in 2006 but traces its origins back through World War II, World War I, the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913, and the Bulgarian-Serb War of 1885 to the First (1804-1813) and Second (1815-1817) Uprisings against the Ottoman Empire; the military’s combat forces are organized into Army and Air and Defense commands under a General Staff, as well as some independent forces; the Army’s combat forces include four combined arms brigades and an artillery brigade, plus several independent battalions and a river flotilla; there are also independent brigades of parachute infantry, special operations, and security/guard forces, which are directly under the General Staff; the Air and Air Defense force is organized into brigades and squadrons of aircraft, air defense missiles, and early warning and surveillance; its combat aircraft include approximately 25 Russian- and Yugoslavian-made multirole and attack aircraft, as well as a force of attack and multirole helicopters (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Serbia-Bosnia and Herzegovina</em>: Serbia delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina, but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute</p> <p><em>Serbia-Bulgaria</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Serbia-Croatia</em>: Serbia and Croatia dispute their border along the Danube; Serbia claims the border is the median between the current Danube shorelines, with the land to the eastern side of the median belonging to Serbia; Croatia contends that the boundary is demarcated according to historic maps, despite the river having meandered since then</p> <p><em>Serbia-Hungary</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Serbia-Kosovo</em>: Serbia has not recognized Kosovo's independence, and Belgrade continues to claim it as its territory; the 2013 Brussels Agreement launched a process of EU-facilitated normalization between Serbia and Kosovo process, a prerequisite for their EU accession; in February and March 2023, both the two countries accepted the Agreement on the Path to Normalization and its Implementation Annex, whose implementation remains incomplete</p> <p><em>Serbia-Montenegro</em>: the former republic boundary serves as the boundary until a line is formally delimited and demarcated</p> <p><em>Serbia-North Macedonia</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Serbia-Romania</em>: none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "17,334 (Croatia), 7,997 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (mid-year 2022)"

19
europe/ro.json
View file

@ -574,10 +574,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (136 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 2 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)<br>Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (330 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 4 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)"
"text": "Senate - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - PSD 29.3%, PNL 25.6%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.9%, AUR 9.2%, UDMR 5.9%, other 14.1%; seats by party - PSD 47, PNL 41, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 25, AUR 14, UDMR 9; composition - men 111, women 25, percent of women 18.4%<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSD 28.9%, PNL 25.2%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.4%, AUR 9.1%, UDMR 5.7%, other 15.7%; seats by party - PSD 110, PNL 93, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 55, AUR 33, UDMR 21, other 18; composition - men 267, women 63, percent of women 19.1%; note - total Parliament percent of women 18.9%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - PSD 29.3%, PNL 25.6%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.9%, AUR 9.2%, UDMR 5.9%, other 14.1%; seats by party - PSD 47, PNL 41, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 25, AUR 14, UDMR 9; composition as of February 2024 - men 111, women 24, percentage women 17.8%<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSD 28.9%, PNL 25.2%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.4%, AUR 9.1%, UDMR 5.7%, other 15.7%; seats by party - PSD 110, PNL 93, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 55, AUR 33, UDMR 21, other 18; composition as of February 2024 - men 265, women 63, percentage women 19.2%; total Parliament percentage women 18.8%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -869,13 +869,13 @@
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$27,325,845,000 (2022 est.)"
"text": "-$27.326 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$20,626,954,000 (2021 est.)"
"text": "-$20.627 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$12,534,576,000 (2020 est.)"
"text": "-$12.535 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
@ -925,7 +925,7 @@
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$52.191 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "note: holdings of gold (year end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
"note": "note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 2019": {
@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; all military inductees contract for an initial 5-year term of service, with subsequent successive 3-year terms until age 36; conscription ended in 2006 (2023)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "up to 120 Poland (NATO) (2023)"
"text": "up to 120 Poland (NATO); Romania also has small numbers of military personnel deployed on other international missions under the EU, NATO, and UN (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Romanian Armed Forces are responsible for territorial defense, fulfilling Romania’s commitments to European security, and contributing to multinational peacekeeping operations; the military has a variety of concerns, including cyber attacks and terrorism, but its primary focus is Russian aggression against neighboring Ukraine and Russia's activities in the Black Sea and Romania’s other eastern neighbor, Moldova<br><br>Romania joined NATO in 2004, and the Alliance forms a key pillar of the country’s defense policy; it hosts a NATO multinational divisional headquarters (Multinational Division Southeast) and a French-led ground force battlegroup as part of NATO's Enhanced Forward Presence initiative in the southeastern part of the Alliance, which came about in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine; NATO allies have also sent detachments of fighters to augment the Romanian Air Force since 2014 because of aggressive Russian activity in the Black Sea region; the Romanian military trains regularly with NATO and its member states and participates in NATO- and EU-led multinational missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Poland<br><br>the military is an all-volunteer force equipped largely with Soviet-era or other aging weapons systems, although since joining NATO it has embarked on an effort to acquire more modern, NATO-compatible weapons systems, such as armored vehicles, combat aircraft, and naval vessels; the main combat formations of the Land Forces are two combined arms infantry divisions, each comprised of three or four mechanized and mountain infantry brigades, plus artillery, reconnaissance, and other combat support forces; the Army also has a tactical missile brigade; the military’s special operations forces were consolidated into a special operations command in 2018<br><br>the Romanian Navy operates on the Black Sea and the Danube River; the Black Sea fleet command has a small force of frigates and corvettes organized into flotillas and divisions, as well as divisions of mine warfare vessels, naval missiles, and coastal defense; the Danube River flotilla operates gunboats and has a marine infantry regiment <br><br>the Air Force had approximately 400 Soviet-made combat aircraft when Romania was a member of the Warsaw Pact, but by the 2020s the number was down to a few dozen that were being replaced by secondhand US-origin F-16 fighter aircraft acquired from NATO partners; in 2023, Romania retired the last of its Soviet-era fighters and signed a contract to acquire about 30 additional F-16s from Norway (2023)"
@ -1266,12 +1266,9 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Romania-Bulgaria</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Romania-Hungary</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Romania-Moldova</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Romania-Serbia</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Romania-Ukraine</em>: the International Court of Justice ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; in 2007, Romania opposed Ukraine's construction of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea, arguing that it runs through a unique ecological area, the Danube Delta</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "77,250 (Ukraine) (as of 24 March 2024)"
"text": "77,250 (Ukraine) (as of 14 April 2024)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "297 (2022)"

7
europe/si.json
View file

@ -554,10 +554,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>National Council (State Council)or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve 5-year terms); note - the Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers<br>National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 88 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 2 directly elected in special constituencies for Italian and Hungarian minorities by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>National Council - last held on 24 November 2022 (next to be held in 2027)<br>National Assembly - last held on 24 April 2022 (next to be held in 2026)"
"text": "National Council - last held on 24 November 2022 (next to be held in 2027)<br>National Assembly - last held on 24 April 2022 (next to be held in 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition as of January 2023) - men 33, women 7, percent of women 17.5%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - GS 34.5%, SDS 23.5%, NSi 6.9%, SD 6.7%, Levica 4.4%, other 24%; seats by party - GS 41, SDS 27, NSi 8, SD 7, Levica 5; composition as of January 2023 - men 56, women 34, percent of women 37.8%; note - total Parliament percent of women 31.5%"
"text": "National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition as of February 2024 - men 33, women 7, percentage women 17.5%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - GS 34.5%, SDS 23.5%, NSi 6.9%, SD 6.7%, Levica 4.4%, other 24%; seats by party - GS 41, SDS 27, NSi 8, SD 7, Levica 5; composition as of February 2024 - men 56, women 34, percentage women 37.8%; total Parliament percentage women 31.5%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1226,9 +1226,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Slovenia-Austria</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Slovenia-Croatia</em>: since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Piran Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led Slovenia to lift its objections to Croatia joining the EU; in June 2017, the Permanent Court of Arbitration issued a ruling on the border, but Croatia had withdrawn from the proceedings in 2015 and refused to implement it; Croatia joined the Schengen Area in January 2023, resulting in all of Slovenia’s borders being within the border-free Schengen Area</p> <p><em>Slovenia-Hungary</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Slovenia-Italy</em>: none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "11,035 (Ukraine) (as of 1 March 2024)"

9
europe/sm.json
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@ -464,7 +464,7 @@
"text": "co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in March 2024 (next to be held in September 2024; Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 28 December 2019 (next to be held by November 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em>March 2024:  </em>Alessandro ROSSI (Free San Marino) and Milena GASPERONI (We for the Republic) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA<em><br><br>September 2023:</em> Filippo TAMAGNINI and Gaetano TROINA elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA<br><br><em>2019:</em> Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA"
"text": "<em>March 2024:  </em>Alessandro ROSSI (Demos) and Milena GASPERONI (We for the Republic) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA<em><br><br>September 2023:</em> Filippo TAMAGNINI and Gaetano TROINA elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA<br><br><em>2019:</em> Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 7 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 7 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles"
},
@ -476,7 +476,7 @@
"text": "last held on 8 December 2019 (next to be held by 31 December 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party/coalition - PDCS 35%, Tomorrow in Movement coalition 25% (RETE Movement 18.3%, DML 6.7%), Liberia 16.7%, We for the Republic 13.3%, RF 10%; seats by party/coalition - PDCS 21, Tomorrow in Movement coalition 15 (RETE Movement 11, DML 4), Liberia 10, We for the Republic 8, RF 6; composition as of February 2024 - men 41, women 19, percent of women 31.7%"
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - PDCS 35%, Tomorrow in Movement coalition 25% (RETE Movement 18.3%, DML 6.7%), Liberia 16.7%, We for the Republic 13.3%, RF 10%; seats by party/coalition - PDCS 21, Tomorrow in Movement coalition 15 (RETE Movement 11, DML 4), Liberia 10, We for the Republic 8, RF 6; composition as of February 2024 - men 41, women 19, percentage women 31.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -491,7 +491,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Domani - Modus Liberi or DML [Lorenzo Forcellini REFFI]<br>Free San Marino (Libera San Marino) or Libera [Luca BOSCHI]<br>Future Republic or RF [Mario VENTURINI]<br>I Elect for a New Republic<br>Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD [Paride ANDREOLI]<br>RETE Movement [Gloria ARCANGELONI]<br>Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Marco GATTI]<br>Socialist Party or PS [Alessandro BEVITORI]<br>Tomorrow in Movement coalition (includes RETE Movement, DML)<br>We for the Republic [Denise BRONZETTI]"
"text": "Demos Party (Movimento Demos) [Alessandro ROSSI]<br>Domani - Modus Liberi or DML [Lorenzo Forcellini REFFI]<br>Free San Marino (Libera San Marino) or Libera [Luca BOSCHI]<br>Future Republic or RF [Mario VENTURINI]<br>I Elect for a New Republic<br>Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD [Paride ANDREOLI]<br>RETE Movement [Gloria ARCANGELONI]<br>Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Marco GATTI]<br>Socialist Party or PS [Alessandro BEVITORI]<br>Tomorrow in Movement coalition (includes RETE Movement, DML)<br>We for the Republic [Denise BRONZETTI]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO"
@ -886,8 +886,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

11
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@ -571,10 +571,10 @@
"text": "bicameral General Courts or Las Cortes Generales consists of:<br>Senate or Senado (265 seats; 208 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 57 members indirectly elected by the legislatures of the autonomous communities; members serve 4-year terms)<br>Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (350 seats; 348 members directly elected in 50 multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote, with a 3% threshold needed to gain a seat, and 2 directly elected from the North African Ceuta and Melilla enclaves by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms or until the government is dissolved)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 23 July 2023 (next to be held no later than July 2027)<br>Congress of Deputies - last held on 23 July 2023 (next to be held no later than July 2027)"
"text": "Senate - last held on 23 July 2023 (next to be held no later than July 2027)<br>Congress of Deputies - last held on 23 July 2023 (next to be held no later than July 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PP 120, PSOE 72, ERC 7, PNV 4, other 5; composition as of January 2024 - men 153, women 112; percent of women 42.3%<br><br>Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PP 33.1%, PSOE 31.7%, Vox 12.4%, Sumar 12.3%, ERC 1.7%, Junts 1.6%, EH-Bildu 1.4%, PNV 1.1% other 4.7%; seats by party - PP 137, PSOE 121, Vox 33, Sumar 31, ERC 7, Junts 7, EH-Bildu 6, PNV 5, other 3; composition as of January 2024 - men 195, women 155, percent of women 44.3%; note - overall General Courts percent of women 42%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PP 120, PSOE 72, ERC 7, PNV 4, other 5; composition as of February 2024 - men 153, women 112; percentage women 42.3%<br><br>Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PP 33.1%, PSOE 31.7%, Vox 12.4%, Sumar 12.3%, ERC 1.7%, Junts 1.6%, EH-Bildu 1.4%, PNV 1.1% other 4.7%; seats by party - PP 137, PSOE 121, Vox 33, Sumar 31, ERC 7, Junts 7, EH-Bildu 6, PNV 5, other 3; composition as of February 2024 - men 195, women 155, percentage women 44.3%; total General Courts percentage women 42%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1253,8 +1253,8 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> as of 2023, women comprised about 13% of the military's full-time personnel<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the military recruits foreign nationals with residency in Spain from countries of its former empire, including Argentina, Costa Rica, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "approximately 200 Iraq (NATO/EU training assistance); up to 600 Latvia (NATO); 650 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 200 Romania (NATO); approximately 500 Mali (EUTM); 150 Turkey (NATO) (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>as of 2023, up to 3,000 Spanish soldiers and civil guards were deployed on 17 missions on four continents <strong><br></strong>"
"text": "Spain has up to 3,000 military personnel deployed on 17 missions supporting the EU, NATO, and the UN on four continents, as well as naval missions in the Mediterranean and the seas off the Horn of Africa; its largest deployments are up to 700 troops in Lebanon (UNIFIL) and about 1,700 personnel in Eastern Europe supporting NATO missions in Latvia, Romania, and Slovakia (2024)",
"note": "<strong> </strong>"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Spanish Armed Forces have a wide variety of responsibilities, including protecting the country’s national interests, sovereignty, and territory, providing support during natural disasters, and fulfilling Spain’s responsibilities to European and international security; the military conducts operations worldwide, and its air, ground, and naval forces participate in a variety of EU-, NATO-, and UN-led missions; Spain joined NATO in 1982 and is fully integrated into the NATO structure; it routinely conducts exercises with EU and NATO partners, and hosts one of NATO’s two combined air operations centers <br><br>the military is organized into commands for air, cyberspace, joint, land, maritime, and space operations; it also has a separate Emergency Response Unit, a permanent joint service force designed to respond to catastrophes and emergencies in both domestic and overseas environments; the Army is the largest service and has two divisional headquarters with several subordinate brigades of mechanized infantry and one of paratroopers; there are also separate commands for air defense, artillery, aviation, mountain troops, and special operations forces, as well as for the garrison units in the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Ceuta, and Melilla<br><br>the basic structure of the Navy’s operational units includes surface and action forces, aviation and submarine flotillas, and a marine corps; the Surface Combat Force includes amphibious, mine warfare, surface warship, and escort squadrons and groups, while the Maritime Action Force is generally made up of units and assets whose main task is to conduct maritime security and surveillance operations in geographically based areas such as the Balearic and Canary islands, Cadiz, and Cartagena; the Navy’s principal warships include 11 frigates, four attack submarines, and three large helicopter-capable amphibious assault ships; it also has squadrons of multirole fighters and anti-submarine warfare aircraft; the 5,500-strong Marine Corps (aka Marine Infantry or Infantería de Armada) has amphibious, garrison, and special operations forces<br><br>the Air Force is organized into an Air Combat Command, home to the air combat squadrons, a General Air Command, and a Canary Islands Air Command; it has approximately 400 aircraft, including about 170 modern European- and US-made fighters and multirole fighter aircraft; in addition to traditional military operations, the Air Force supports such missions as medical operations, delivering humanitarian aid, evacuations, search and rescue, firefighting, and surveillance<br><br>the Spanish military has a rich history that goes back to the 13th century; the Army has an infantry regiment, formed in the 13th century, that is considered the oldest still active military unit in the Western world; the Marine Corps, which traces its roots back to 1537, is the oldest naval infantry force in the World; Spain created a Spanish Legion for foreigners in 1920, but early on the Legion was primarily filled by native Spaniards due to difficulties in recruiting foreigners, and most of its foreign members were from the Republic of Cuba; it was modeled after the French Foreign Legion and its purpose was to provide a corps of professional troops to fight in Spain's colonial campaigns in North Africa; in more recent years, it has been used in NATO peacekeeping deployments; today’s Legion includes a mix of native Spaniards and foreigners with Spanish residency (2023)"
@ -1279,9 +1279,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Spain-Andorra</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Spain-France</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Spain-Gibraltar (UK)</em>: in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any \"shared sovereignty\" arrangement; the Government of Gibraltar insists on equal participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain does not recognize British sovereignty beyond the original fortified perimeter of the city and disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; after voters in the UK chose to leave the EU in a June 2016 referendum, Spain again proposed shared sovereignty of Gibraltar; UK officials rejected Spain’s joint sovereignty proposal</p> <p><em>Spain-Morocco</em>: Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island), which remains unoccupied but was the site of a  military standoff in 2002; Morocco serves as the primary embarkation area for illegal migration into mainland Spain from North Africa</p> <p><em>Spain-Portugal</em>: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "14,994 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 438,400 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2022); 192,390 (Ukraine) (as of 29 February 2024)"

3
europe/sv.json
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@ -424,8 +424,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Norway-Russia</em>: after 40 years of on-again, off-again negotiations, the two countries signed an agreement in September 2010, defining their maritime boundaries in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean; the border extends the countries’ land border northward beyond the islands in the Barents Sea and into the Arctic Ocean, but the exact distance northward was not specified; because the area is considered the high seas, the passage of naval and commercial vessels will be unaffected; once their legislatures ratify the agreement, both countries will have the green light for oil and natural gas exploration in their newly defined maritime areas; Russia objects to Norway’s establishment in 1977 of the Fishery Protection Zone around the Svalbard Islands, extending Norwegian sovereignty to the shelf around the archipelago; Svalbard is strategically important – as a gateway from the Berents Sea to the North Atlantic – and its waters provide rich fishing grounds</p>"
}
}
}

9
europe/sw.json
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@ -565,10 +565,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; 310 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by open party-list proportional representation vote and 39 members in \"at-large\" seats directly elected by open party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 11 September 2022 (next to beheld on 13 September 2026)"
"text": "last held on 11 September 2022 (next to be held on 13 September 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - S/SAP 30.3%, M 19.1%, SD 20.5%, C 6.7%, V 6.7%, KD 5.3%, L 4.6%, MP 5.1%, other 1.7%; seats by party - S/SAP 107, M 68, SD 73, C 24, V 24, KD 19, L 16, MP 18; composition as of mid-2022 - men 188, women 161, percent of women 46%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - S/SAP 30.3%, M 19.1%, SD 20.5%, C 6.7%, V 6.7%, KD 5.3%, L 4.6%, MP 5.1%, other 1.7%; seats by party - S/SAP 107, M 68, SD 73, C 24, V 24, KD 19, L 16, MP 18; composition as of February 2024 - men 186, women 163, percentage women 46.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>Sweden conscripts about 5,500 men and women each year; it plans to increase this number to 8,000 by 2025<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>as of 2023, women made over 20% of the military's personnel<br><br><strong>note 3:</strong> conscientious objectors in Sweden have the right to apply for alternative service (called vapenfri tjänst); after completing alternative service, the conscript then belongs to the civilian reserve"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "the Swedish military has small numbers of personnel deployed on multiple EU-, NATO-, and UN-led missions (2023)"
"text": "the Swedish military has small numbers of personnel deployed on multiple EU-, NATO-, and UN-led missions (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Swedish military is responsible for the defense of the country and its territories against armed attack, supporting Sweden’s national security interests, providing societal support, such as humanitarian aid, and contributing to international peacekeeping and peacemaking operations; it has a relatively small active duty force that is designed to be rapidly mobilized in a crisis; it is equipped with modern, mostly Swedish-made weapons, exercises regularly, and is backed up by a trained reserve and a Home Guard; the military’s main focus is maintaining itself as a credible and visible deterrent through training and exercises, sustaining high levels of readiness, cooperating and collaborating with both domestic and foreign partners<br><br>Sweden maintained a policy of military non-alignment for over 200 years before applying for NATO membership in May 2022 following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine; it became a NATO member in March of 2024; before then, Stockholm joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and contributed to NATO-led missions, including those in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo; the military cooperates closely with the forces of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO; established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; Sweden is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) and contributes to CSDP missions and operations, including EU battlegroups; it also participates in UN-led missions; Sweden has close bilateral security relations with some NATO member states, particularly Finland, the UK, and the US<br><br>the military is headed by the Supreme Commander, who leads and supervises the force through Armed Forces Headquarters, which is the highest level of command and control of the military; the Army’s principal active combat arms units are more than a dozen battalions of armor, artillery, reconnaissance, security, and infantry forces, which include airborne/rangers, light, mechanized, and motorized infantry; in a crisis, the battalions would be filled out by reservists and formed into battlegroups/task forces and brigades; they are backed up by 40 Home Guard battalions comprised of locally based rapid-response units with mostly part-time but experienced soldiers; the Navy is organized into flotillas and an amphibious/naval infantry battalion; its principal warships are seven corvettes and four attack submarines; other combat vessels include patrol boats, fast attack craft, and minesweepers; all of the Navy’s warships are produced by Sweden; the Swedish Air Force has about 70 Swedish-made multirole fighter aircraft organized into wings with an additional 60 on order; the military also has a joint service special operations group directly under the Supreme Commander (2024)"
@ -1258,9 +1258,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "113,213 (Syria), 26,857 (Afghanistan), 25,849 (Eritrea), 10,464 (Iraq), 9,315 (Somalia), 7,146 (Iran) (mid-year 2022); 43,710 (Ukraine) (as of 28 February 2024)"

9
europe/sz.json
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@ -562,10 +562,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung (in German), Assemblée Fédérale (in French), Assemblea Federale (in Italian) consists of:<br>Council of States or Ständerat (in German), Conseil des États (in French), Consiglio degli Stati (in Italian) (46 seats; members in two-seat constituencies representing cantons and single-seat constituencies representing half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote except Jura and Neuchatel cantons, which use list proportional representation vote; member term governed by cantonal law)<br>National Council or Nationalrat (in German), Conseil National (in French), Consiglio Nazionale (in Italian) (200 seats; 194 members in cantons directly elected by proportional representation vote and 6 in half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Council of States - last held in most cantons on 22 October 2023 (each canton determines when the next election will be held)<br>National Council - last held on 22 October 2023 (next to be held on 31 October 2027)"
"text": "Council of States - last held in most cantons on 22 October 2023 (each canton determines when the next election will be held)<br>National Council - last held on 22 October 2023 (next to be held on 31 October 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - The Center 13, FDP.The Liberals 12, SP 9, SVP 6, Green Party 5, other 1; composition (as of 22 Oct 2023) - men 30, women 16, percent of women 34.8%<br><br>National Council - percent of vote by party - SVP 28.6%, SP 18%, The Center 14.6%, FDP.The Liberals 14.4%, Green Party 9.4%, GLP 7.2%, EDU 1.2, EDV/PEV 1.9%, MCR/MCG .5%, other 4%; seats by party - SVP 62, SP 41, The Center 29, FDP.The Liberals 28, Green Party 23, GLP 10, EDU 2, EDV/PEV 2, MCR/MCG 2, other 1; composition as of October 2023 - men 123, women 77, percent of women 38.5%; note - overall Federal Assembly percent of women 37.8%"
"text": "Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - The Center 13, FDP.The Liberals 12, SP 9, SVP 6, Green Party 5, other 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 30, women 16, percentage women 34.8%<br><br>National Council - percent of vote by party - SVP 28.6%, SP 18%, The Center 14.6%, FDP.The Liberals 14.4%, Green Party 9.4%, GLP 7.2%, EDU 1.2, EDV/PEV 1.9%, MCR/MCG .5%, other 4%; seats by party - SVP 62, SP 41, The Center 29, FDP.The Liberals 28, Green Party 23, GLP 10, EDU 2, EDV/PEV 2, MCR/MCG 2, other 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 123, women 77, percentage women 38.5%; note - total Federal Assembly percentage women 37.8%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>conscientious objectors can choose 390 days of community service instead of military service; as of 2023, women comprised about 1% of the active Swiss military"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "up to 195 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR) (2023)"
"text": "175 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR) (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Swiss military is responsible for territorial defense, limited support to international disaster response and peacekeeping, and providing support to civil authorities when their resources are not sufficient to ward off threats to internal security or provide sufficient relief during disasters; Switzerland has long maintained a policy of military neutrality but does periodically participate in EU, NATO, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and UN military and peacekeeping operations; however, Swiss units will only participate in operations under the mandate of the UN or OSCE; Switzerland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1996; it contributed to the NATO-led Kosovo force (KFOR) in 1999 and, as of 2024, continued doing so with up to 195 personnel<br><br>the military is comprised of conscripts, militia, and a small professional component; it is led by the Chief of the Armed Forces with an Armed Forces Staff and consists of a Joint Operations Command (JOC), an Armed Forces Logistics Organization, an Armed Forces Command Support Organization, and a Training and Education Command; the JOC controls, among other subordinate commands, the Air Force, the Land Forces, four territorial divisions, the Military Police Command, and the Special Forces Command; the primary combat forces of the Army/Land Forces are three mechanized brigades, plus additional reserve brigades of armor, infantry, and mountain infantry forces; the four territorial divisions link the Army with the cantons; the Air Force is responsible for airspace protection (air sovereignty and air defense, including ground-based air defense), air transport, and airborne intelligence; it has about 50 US-origin multirole fighter aircraft (2024)"
@ -1257,9 +1257,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "14,726 (Eritrea), 11,441 (Afghanistan), 8,039 (Syria), (mid-year 2022); 65,615 (Ukraine) (as of 5 March 2024)"

10
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5
europe/up.json
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@ -575,7 +575,7 @@
"text": "last held on 21 July 2019 (next to be held on 29 October 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - Servant of the People 43.2%, Opposition Platform-For Life 13.1%, Batkivshchyna 8.2%, European Solidarity 8.1%, Voice 5.8%, other 21.6%; Servant of the People 254, Opposition Platform for Life 43, Batkivshchyna 26, European Solidarity 25, Voice 20, Opposition Bloc 6, Svoboda 1, Self Reliance 1, United Centre 1, Bila Tserkva Together 1, independent 46; note - voting not held in Crimea and parts of two Russian-occupied eastern oblasts leaving 26 seats vacant; although this brings the total to 424 elected members (of 450 potential), article 83 of the constitution mandates that a parliamentary majority consists of 226 seats"
"text": "percent of vote by party - Servant of the People 43.2%, Opposition Platform-For Life 13.1%, Batkivshchyna 8.2%, European Solidarity 8.1%, Voice 5.8%, other 21.6%; Servant of the People 254, Opposition Platform for Life 43, Batkivshchyna 26, European Solidarity 25, Voice 20, Opposition Bloc 6, Svoboda 1, Self Reliance 1, United Centre 1, Bila Tserkva Together 1, independent 46; note - voting not held in Crimea and parts of two Russian-occupied eastern oblasts leaving 26 seats vacant; although this brings the total to 424 elected members (of 450 potential), article 83 of the constitution mandates that a parliamentary majority consists of 226 seats"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Legislative and presidential elections cannot be held under martial law.;the Verkhovna Rada declared martial law in February 2022 following Russia's full-scale invasion"
},
@ -1280,9 +1280,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Ukraine-Belarus</em>: in 1997, Ukraine and Belarus signed a boundary delimitation treaty; the instruments of ratification were exchanged in 2013; a joint commission should be established to enable the actual demarcation to begin</p> <p><em>Ukraine-Hungary</em>: hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Hungary to escape the Russian invasion in their country</p> <p><em>Ukraine-Moldova</em>: hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Moldova to escape the Russian invasion in their country; Ukraine and Moldova signed an agreement officially delimiting their border in 1999, but the border has not been demarcated due to Moldova's difficulties with the break-away region of Transnistria; Moldova and Ukraine operate joint customs posts to monitor transit of people and commodities through Moldova's Transnistria Region, which remains under the auspices of an Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe-mandated peacekeeping mission comprised of Moldovan, Transnistrian, Russian, and Ukrainian troops</p> <p><em>Ukraine-Poland</em>: hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Poland to escape the Russian invasion in their country</p> <p><em>Ukraine-Romania</em>: hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Romania to escape the Russian invasion in their country, the ICJ in 2009 ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea</p> <p><em>Ukraine-Russia</em>: the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov is suspended due to the occupation of Crimea by Russia</p> <p><em>Ukraine-Slovakia</em>: tens of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Slovakia to escape the Russian invasion of their country</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"IDPs": {
"text": "<p>1,461,700 (Russian-sponsored separatist violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine) (2021); 3.67 million (2023) (since Russian invasion that started in February 2022); note – the more recent invasion total may reflect some double counting, since it is impossible to determine how many of the recent IDPs may also include IDPs from the earlier Russian-sponsored violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine</p>"

9
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid-19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly established Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of \"prisoner\" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, threats against minority Christian communities in Africa and the Middle East, the plight of refugees and migrants, climate change and the environment, conflict and war, nuclear weapons, artificial intelligence, sexual misconduct by clergy, humanitarian issues, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1.3 billion people worldwide profess Catholicism - the world's largest Christian faith."
"text": "Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid-19th century, when the newly established Kingdom of Italy seized many of the Papal States. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between Italy and a series of \"prisoner\" popes were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified some of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. <br><br>Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, threats against minority Christian communities in Africa and the Middle East, the plight of refugees and migrants, climate change and the environment, conflict and war, nuclear weapons, artificial intelligence, sexual misconduct by clergy, humanitarian issues, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1.3 billion people worldwide profess Catholicism, the world's largest Christian faith."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -338,10 +338,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City or Pontificia Commissione per lo Stato della Citta del Vaticano (7 seats; the president of the Governorate of Vatican City State and 6 cardinals appointed by the pope to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 11 July 2018"
"text": "last held on 11 July 2018"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>composition - men 7, women 0"
"text": "composition - men 7, women 0"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -526,9 +526,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "none identified"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "NA"
}