apunkt/factbook.json
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7
africa/ag.json
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@ -553,10 +553,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Council of the Nation or Majlis al-Umma (174 seats, statutory; 170 currently); two-thirds of members indirectly elected by simple majority vote by an electoral college composed of local assemblies within each wilaya, and one-third of members appointed by the president; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)<br>National People's Assembly or al-Majlis al-Sha'abi al-Watani (407 seats, including 8 seats for Algerian diaspora); members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote using the Hare quota method; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Council of the Nation - last held on 5 February 2022 (next expected in 2025)<br>National People's Assembly - snap election held on 12 June 2021 (next to be held on 12 June 2026)"
"text": "Council of the Nation - last held on 5 February 2022 (next expected in 2025)<br>National People's Assembly - snap election held on 12 June 2021 (next to be held on 12 June 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Council of the Nation - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 54, RND 22, Future Front 7, National Construction Movement 5, FFS 4, other 6, independent 18, appointed 58; composition as of February 2024 - men 163, women 7, percentage women 4.1%<br><br>National People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 98, MSP 65, RND 58, (Future Front) 48, Movement of National Construction 39, other 15, independent 84; composition as of February 2024 - men 375, women 32, percent of women 7.9%; note - total Parliament percent of women 6.8%"
"text": "Council of the Nation - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 54, RND 22, Future Front 7, National Construction Movement 5, FFS 4, other 6, independent 18, appointed 58; composition as of February 2024 - men 163, women 7, percentage women 4.1%<br><br>National People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 98, MSP 65, RND 58, (Future Front) 48, Movement of National Construction 39, other 15, independent 84; composition as of February 2024 - men 375, women 32, percentage women 7.9%; note - total Parliament percentage women 6.8%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1211,9 +1211,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Algeria-Morocco:</em> the Algerian-Moroccan land border remains closed; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; the National Liberation Front's (FLN) assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco remain a dormant dispute<br><br><em>Algeria-Libya:</em> dormant dispute includes Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria<br><br><em>Algeria-Mali:</em> none identified<br><br><em>Algeria-Mauritania:</em> none identified<br><br><em>Algeria-Niger:</em> none identified<br><br><em>Algeria-Tunisia:</em> none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "more than 100,000 (Sahrawi, mostly living in Algerian-sponsored camps in the southwestern Algerian town of Tindouf); 7,345 (Syria) (mid-year 2022)"

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@ -561,7 +561,7 @@
"text": "last held on 24 August 2022 (next to be held in 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - MPLA 51.1%, UNITA 43.9%, FNLA 1.1%, PHA 1%, PRS 1.1%, other 1.7%; seats by party - MPLA 124, UNITA 90, FNLA 2, PHA 2, PRS 2; composition as of January 2024 - men 135, women 85, percentage women 38.6%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - MPLA 51.1%, UNITA 43.9%, FNLA 1.1%, PHA 1%, PRS 1.1%, other 1.7%; seats by party - MPLA 124, UNITA 90, FNLA 2, PHA 2, PRS 2; composition as of March 2024 - men 135, women 85, percentage women 38.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1235,9 +1235,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Angola-Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): </em>has had disputes over land and maritime borders with the DRC; maritime disputes have largely been about offshore oil claims<br><br><em>Angola-Namibia: </em>none identified<br><br><em>Angola-Republic of Congo:</em> (Kabinda Exclave) none identified<br><br><em>Angola-Zambia: </em>because the straight-line segments along the left bank (Zambian side) of the Cuando/Kwando River do not conform with the physical alignment of the unstable shoreline, Zambian residents in some areas have settled illegally on sections of shoreline that fall on the Angolan side of the boundary</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "9,272 (Guinea), 6,357 (Cote d'Ivoire), 5,725 (Mauritania) (2023); 22,841 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)"

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africa/bc.json
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@ -566,7 +566,7 @@
"text": "last held on 23 October 2019 (next to be held by October 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - BDP 52.7%, UDC 35.9%, BPF 4.4%, AP 5.1%, other 1.7%; seats by party - BDP 38, UDC 15, BPF 3, AP 1; composition as of October 2023 - men 56, women 7, percent of women 11.1%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - BDP 52.7%, UDC 35.9%, BPF 4.4%, AP 5.1%, other 1.7%; seats by party - BDP 38, UDC 15, BPF 3, AP 1; composition as of March 2024 - men 56, women 7, percentage women 11.1%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1205,9 +1205,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"tier rating": {
"text": "Tier 2 Watch List &mdash; Botswana does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; officials investigated some additional trafficking crimes and referred victims to services, increased cooperation with foreign governments to investigate and prosecute cross-border trafficking, and sought trafficking survivors&rsquo; input in drafting a new National Action Plan; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared with the previous reporting period, to expand its anti-trafficking capacity; officials did not initiate any new prosecutions or convict any traffickers, nor did they amend the anti-trafficking law to remove sentencing provisions that allow fines in lieu of imprisonment; fewer trafficking victims were identified, and the lack of formal procedures to identify and refer victims to care hindered protection efforts; the government continued to rely on civil society to provide most victim services and did not report providing adequate in-kind or financial support for these efforts; efforts to regulate labor recruitment agencies remained minimal, increasing migrant workers&rsquo; vulnerability to trafficking; therefore, Botswana was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (2023)"

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africa/bn.json
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@ -583,7 +583,7 @@
"text": "last held on 8 January 2023 (next to be held on 11 January 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - Progressive Union for Renewal 37.6%, Bloc Republicain 29.2%, The Democrats 24%; seats by party - Progressive Union for Renewal 53, Bloc Republicain 28, The Democrats 28; composition as of May 2023 - men 80, women 29, percent of women 26.6%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - Progressive Union for Renewal 37.6%, Bloc Republicain 29.2%, The Democrats 24%; seats by party - Progressive Union for Renewal 53, Bloc Republicain 28, The Democrats 28; composition as of February 2024 - men 80, women 29, percentage women 26.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1220,9 +1220,6 @@
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-35 years of age for voluntary and selective compulsory military service for men and women; a higher education diploma is required; conscript service is 18 months (2023)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "250 Mali (MINUSMA) (2023)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "a key focus for the security forces of Benin is countering infiltrations into the country by terrorist groups tied to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) operating just over the border from northern Benin in Burkina Faso and Niger; in May 2022, the Benin Government said it was \"at war\" after suffering a series of attacks from these groups; later that same year, President TALON said his government would spend more than $130 million to recruit up to 4,000 additional military personnel, modernize military equipment, and build and fortify operating bases; in addition, the FAB participates in the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) along with Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria against Boko Haram and ISIS-West Africa in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeastern border <br><br>the FAB has a close working relationship with the Belgian armed forces; the Belgians offer military advice, training, and second-hand equipment donations, and deploy to Benin for limited military exercises (2023)"
}
@ -1234,9 +1231,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Benin-Burkina Faso:</em> Benin retains a border dispute with Burkina Faso near the town of Koualau/Kourou<em><br><br>Benin-Togo:</em> talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjarala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River<br><br><em>Benin-Niger:</em> the location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a significant transit and departure country for cocaine shipments in Africa destined for Europe</p>"
}

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africa/by.json
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@ -587,10 +587,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:<br>Senate or Inama Nkenguzamateka (39 seats in the July 2020 election); 36 members indirectly elected by an electoral college of provincial councils using a three-round voting system, which requires a two-thirds majority vote in the first two rounds and simple majority vote for the two leading candidates in the final round; 3 seats reserved for Twas, and 30% of all votes reserved for women; members serve 5-year terms)<br>National Assembly or Inama Nshingamateka (123 seats in the May 2020 election; 100 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 23 co-opted members; 60% of seats allocated to Hutus and 40% to Tutsis; 3 seats reserved for Twas; 30% of total seats reserved for women; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 20 July 2020 (next to be held in 2025)<br>National Assembly - last held on 20 May 2020 (next to be held in 2025)"
"text": "Senate - last held on 20 July 2020 (next to be held in 2025)<br>National Assembly - last held on 20 May 2020 (next to be held in 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br></em>Senate - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 87.2%, Twa 7.7%, CNL 2.6%, UPRONA 2.6%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 34, Twa 3, CNL 1, UPRONA 1; composition - men 23, women 16, percent of women 37.2% <p>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 70.9%, CNL 23.4%, UPRONA 2.5%, other (co-opted Twa) 3.2%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 86, CNL 32, Twa 3, UPRONA 2; composition - men 76, women 47, percent of women 38.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 38%</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 87.2%, Twa 7.7%, CNL 2.6%, UPRONA 2.6%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 34, Twa 3, CNL 1, UPRONA 1; composition - men 23, women 16, percentage women 37.2% <p>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 70.9%, CNL 23.4%, UPRONA 2.5%, other (co-opted Twa) 3.2%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 86, CNL 32, Twa 3, UPRONA 2; composition as of March 2024 - men 76, women 47, percentage women 38.2%; note - total Parliament percentage women 38%</p>"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -608,7 +608,7 @@
"text": "Council for Democracy and the Sustainable Development of Burundi or CODEBU [Keffa NIBIZI]<br>Front for Democracy in Burundi-Sahwanya or FRODEBU-Sahwanya [Patrick NKURUNZIZA]<br>National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE]<br>National Congress for Liberty or CNL [Agathon RWASA]<br>National Liberation Forces or FNL [Jacques BIGIRIMANA]<br>Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progress Nationale) or UPRONA [Olivier NKURUNZIZA] <br><br>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, CEMAC, CEPGL, CICA, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICGLR, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, CEMAC, CEPGL, CICA, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICGLR, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -1177,9 +1177,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Burundi-Rwanda: </em>Burundi's Ngozi province and Rwanda's Butare province dispute the two-kilometer-square hilly farmed area of Sabanerwa in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965 around Kibinga Hill in Rwanda's Butare Province<br><br><br></p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "87,157 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)"

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africa/cd.json
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@ -590,10 +590,10 @@
"text": "formerly a unicameral National Assembly or Assembl&eacute;e Nationale (188 seats; 163 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 25 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 4-year terms); note - on 5 October 2021, Interim President Mahamat Idriss DEBY installed 93 members of an interim parliament, called the National Transitional Council (NTC), replacing the National Assembly, which was disbanded after he took control of the country on 20 April 2021; according to DEBY, the NTC will act as a national assembly of transition until the country&rsquo;s next elections take place"
},
"elections": {
"text": "members of the so called \"National Transitional Council\" were installed by Interim President DEBY on 5 October 2021 (next parliamentary elections to be held September 2022)"
"text": "members of the so called \"National Transitional Council\" were installed by Interim President DEBY on 5 October 2021 (next to be held in September 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 64, women 29, percent of women 31.2%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 64, women 29, percent of women 31.2%&nbsp;"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the National Assembly mandate was extended to 2020, reportedly due to a lack of funding for the scheduled 2015 election; the MPS has held a majority in the NA since 1997"
},
@ -609,8 +609,8 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Chadian Convention for Peace and Development or CTPD [Laoukein Kourayo MEDARD]<br>Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR]<br>National Rally for Development and Progress or Viva-RNDP [Dr. Nouradine Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE]<br>National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]<br>Party for Unity and Reconstruction or PUR<br>Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [formerly Idriss DEBY] <br>Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Mahamat Allahou TAHER]<br>Rally of Chadian Nationalists/Awakening or RNDT/Le Reveil [Albert Pahimi PADACKE]<br>Social Democratic Party for a Change-over of Power or PDSA [Malloum YOBODA]<br>Union for Democracy and the Republic or UDR<br>Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Felix Romadoumngar NIALBE]<br>Transformers [Succès MASRA]<br> <br><strong>note 1:</strong> 19 additional parties each contributed one member<strong><br>note 2:</strong> only parties with at least two seats in the last elected National Assembly (February 2011) included",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> on 5 October 2021, Interim President Mahamat Idriss DEBY appointed 93 members to the interim National Transitional Council (NTC); 30% of the NTC members were retained from parties previously represented in the National Assembly"
"text": "Chadian Convention for Peace and Development or CTPD [Laoukein Kourayo MEDARD]<br>Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR]<br>National Rally for Development and Progress or Viva-RNDP [Dr. Nouradine Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE]<br>National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]<br>Party for Unity and Reconstruction or PUR<br>Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [formerly Idriss DEBY] <br>Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Mahamat Allahou TAHER]<br>Rally of Chadian Nationalists/Awakening or RNDT/Le Reveil [Albert Pahimi PADACKE]<br>Social Democratic Party for a Change-over of Power or PDSA [Malloum YOBODA]<br>Union for Democracy and the Republic or UDR<br>Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Felix Romadoumngar NIALBE]<br>Transformers [Succès MASRA]<br> <br><strong>note 1:</strong> 19 additional parties each contributed one member<strong><br><br>note 2:</strong> only parties with at least two seats in the last elected National Assembly (February 2011) included",
"note": "<strong>note 3:</strong> on 5 October 2021, Interim President Mahamat Idriss DEBY appointed 93 members to the interim National Transitional Council (NTC); 30% of the NTC members were retained from parties previously represented in the National Assembly"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MNJTF, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1175,7 +1175,7 @@
"text": "20 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service for men with an 18-36 month service obligation (information varies); women are subject to 12 months of compulsory military or civic service at age 21; 18-35 for voluntary service; soldiers released from active duty are in the reserves until the age of 50 (2023)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> Chad has committed approximately 1,000-1,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically; in 2019, Chad sent more than 1,000 troops to Nigeria’s Borno State to help fight Boko Haram as part of the MNJTF mission"
"text": "Chad has committed approximately 1,000-1,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the ANT has considerable combat experience against insurgents and terrorist groups; it also has a tradition of deep involvement in domestic politics; over the past decade, the ANT has received substantial foreign military assistance, particularly from France, which maintains a military base in N’Djamena; the ANT's current operational focus is on counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations; it is engaged with the Boko Haram and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa terrorist groups in the Lake Chad Basin area (primarily the Lac Province) and in the Sahel, particularly the tri-border area with Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger; in addition, the ANT conducts frequent operations against internal anti-government militias and armed dissident groups <br><br>several rebel groups operate in northern Chad from bases in southern Libya, including the FACT (Front pour le Changement et la Concorde au Tchad), the Military Command Council for the Salvation of the Republic le Conseil de Commandement Militaire pour le salut de la République or CCSMR), the Union of Forces for Democracy and Development (le Union des Forces pour la Démocratie et le Développement or UFDD), and the Union of Resistance Forces (le Union des Forces de la Résistance UFR); former Chadian President Idriss DEBY<strong> </strong>was killed in April 2021 during fighting in the northern part of the country between the FACT and the Chadian Army; some armed groups, including the UFDD and UFR, signed an accord in August 2022 in return for the release of prisoners, amnesty, and an end to hostilities between the Chadian Government and these armed factions; however, other armed groups, including the FACT and CCSMR, refused to join the accord (2023)"
@ -1188,9 +1188,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>over 100,000 refugees have fled the 2023 conflict in Sudan to Chad, adding to the 600,000 mostly Sudanese refugees already in Chad after fleeing previous conflicts, especially in the Darfur region; Chad and Sudan share the same ethnic groups along both sides of their common 1,400-km-long border; in 2010, relations with Sudan were normalized, and the two countries established a joint border monitoring force, which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "694,569 (Sudan) (includes refugees since 15 April 2023), 26,692 (Cameroon) (2023); 134,015 (Central African Republic), 21,381 (Nigeria) (2024)"

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africa/cf.json
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@ -599,10 +599,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parliament consists of:<br>Senate (72 seats; members indirectly elected by local, district, and regional councils by simple majority vote to serve 6-year terms) note- the Senate is renewed in its entirety following a constitutional reform implemented in 2015 ending the renewal by half<br>National Assembly (151 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<strong> </strong><br>Senate - last held on 20 August 2023 (next to be held 31 August 2029)<br>National Assembly - last held on 10 and 31 July 2022 (next to be held in July 2027)"
"text": "Senate - last held on 20 August 2023 (next to be held 31 August 2029)<br>National Assembly - last held on 10 and 31 July 2022 (next to be held in July 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PCT 52, Independents 7, RDPS 3, MAR 2, Club 2002 PUR 2, PRL 1, UDLC 1, MCDDI 1, LCEM 1, UPADS 1, RC 1; composition - men 47, women 25, percent of women 34.7%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PCT 112, UPADS 7, UDH-YUKI 7, MAR 4, RLP 2, CLUB 2002 2, DRR 2, RDPS 2, PAC 1, MSD 1, MDP 1, CPR 1, PPRD 1, CR 1, MCDDI 1, independent 6; composition - men 134, women 17, percent of women 11.3%; note - total Parliament percent of women 13.9%<br><br><br></p> <p> </p>"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PCT 52, Independents 7, RDPS 3, MAR 2, Club 2002 PUR 2, PRL 1, UDLC 1, MCDDI 1, LCEM 1, UPADS 1, RC 1; composition as of March 2024 - men 49, women 23, percentage women 34.7%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PCT 112, UPADS 7, UDH-YUKI 7, MAR 4, RLP 2, CLUB 2002 2, DRR 2, RDPS 2, PAC 1, MSD 1, MDP 1, CPR 1, PPRD 1, CR 1, MCDDI 1, independent 6; composition as of March 2024 - men 129, women 22, percentage women 14.6%; total Parliament percentage women 20.2%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1259,9 +1259,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Republic of the Congo-Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC): </em>the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River is indefinite except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "33,593 (Central African Republic), 29,785 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)"

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africa/cg.json
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@ -613,10 +613,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:<br>Senate (109 seats; 109 members to include 108 indirectly elected by provincial assemblies by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and a former president, appointed for life)<br><br>National Assembly (500 seats; 439 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 61 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms) <p> </p>"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<p>Senate - last held on 14 March 2019 (next election held in March 2024)<br>National Assembly - last held on 20 December 2023 (next election held in December 2028)</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "Senate - last held on 14 March 2019 (next to be held on 29 April 2024)<br>National Assembly - last held on 20 December 2023 (next to be held in December 2028)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPRD 22, MLC 14, FR 7, RCD 7, PDC 6, CDC 3, MSR 3, PALU 2, other 18, independent 26; composition as of 2022 - men 83, women 26, percent of women 23.9%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPRD 62, UDPS 41, PPPD 29, MSR 27, MLC 22, PALU 19, UNC 17, ARC 16, AFDC 15, ECT 11, RRC 11, other 214 (includes numerous political parties that won 10 or fewer seats and 2 constituencies where voting was halted), independent 16; composition as of 2022 - men 416, women 61, percent of women 12.7%; total Parliament percent of women 14.2%</p>"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PPRD 22, MLC 14, FR 7, RCD 7, PDC 6, CDC 3, MSR 3, PALU 2, other 18, independent 26; composition as of March 2024 - men 83, women 26, percentage women 23.9%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by pa83+26<br>rty - NA; seats by party - PPRD 62, UDPS 41, PPPD 29, MSR 27, MLC 22, PALU 19, UNC 17, ARC 16, AFDC 15, ECT 11, RRC 11, other 214 (includes numerous political parties that won 10 or fewer seats and 2 constituencies where voting was halted), independent 16; composition as of March 2024 - men 415, women 62, percent of women 13%; total Parliament percentage women 18.4%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1280,9 +1280,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Republic of the Congo: </em>the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River is indefinite except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area<br><br><em>Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Uganda:</em> Uganda rejects the DRC claim to Margherita Peak in the Rwenzori mountains and considers it a boundary divide; there is tension and violence on Lake Albert over prospective oil reserves at the mouth of the Semliki River; the Ugandan-origin Allied Democratic Forces (ADF; aka Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the DRC) operates on both sides of the border<br><br><em>Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Zambia: </em>boundary commission continues discussions over Congolese-administered triangle of land on the right bank of the Lunkinda River claimed by Zambia near the DRC village of Pweto<br><br><em>Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Angola: </em>DRC has accused Angola of shifting monuments<br><br><em>Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Rwanda:</em> the DRC has accused Rwanda of backing the armed separatist group March 23 Movement (aka M23 or Congolese Revolutionary Army)<br> <br><em>Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Burundi:</em> multiple armed groups originating from Burundi operate in the DRC</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "208,328 (Rwanda), 53,297 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 49,836 (Burundi) (2023); 212,211 (Central African Republic) (2024)"

9
africa/cm.json
View file

@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Bamileke-Bamu 24.3%, Beti/Bassa, Mbam 21.6%, Biu-Mandara 14.6%, Arab-Choa/Hausa/Kanuri 11%, Adamawa-Ubangi, 9.8%, Grassfields 7.7%, Kako, Meka/Pygmy 3.3%, Cotier/Ngoe/Oroko 2.7%, Southwestern Bantu 0.7%, foreign/other ethnic group 4.5% (2018 est.)"
"text": "Bamileke-Bamu 22.2%, Biu-Mandara 16.4%, Arab-Choa/Hausa/Kanuri 13.5%, Beti/Bassa, Mbam 13.1%, Grassfields 9.9%, Adamawa-Ubangi, 9.8%, Cotier/Ngoe/Oroko 4.6%, Southwestern Bantu 4.3%, Kako/Meka 2.3%, foreign/other ethnic group 3.8% (2022 est.)"
},
"Languages": {
"Languages": {
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
}
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Roman Catholic 38.3%, Protestant 25.5%, other Christian 6.9%, Muslim 24.4%, animist 2.2%, other 0.5%, none 2.2% (2018 est.)"
"text": "Roman Catholic 33.1%, Muslim 30.6%, Protestant 27.1% other Christian 6.1%, animist 1.3%, other 0.7%, none 1.2% (2022 est.)"
},
"Demographic profile": {
"text": "<p>Cameroon has a large youth population, with more than 60% of the populace under the age of 25 as of 2020. Fertility is falling but remains at a high level, especially among poor, rural, and uneducated women, in part because of inadequate access to contraception. Life expectancy remains low at about 55 years due to the prevalence of HIV and AIDs and an elevated maternal mortality rate, which has remained high since 1990. Cameroon, particularly the northern region, is vulnerable to food insecurity largely because of government mismanagement, corruption, high production costs, inadequate infrastructure, and natural disasters. Despite economic growth in some regions, poverty is on the rise, and is most prevalent in rural areas, which are especially affected by a shortage of jobs, declining incomes, poor school and health care infrastructure, and a lack of clean water and sanitation. Underinvestment in social safety nets and ineffective public financial management also contribute to Cameroon’s high rate of poverty.  The activities of Boko Haram, other armed groups, and counterinsurgency operations have worsened food insecurity in the Far North region.  </p> <p>International migration has been driven by unemployment (including fewer government jobs), poverty, the search for educational opportunities, and corruption. The US and Europe are preferred destinations, but, with tighter immigration restrictions in these countries, young Cameroonians are increasingly turning to neighboring states, such as Gabon and Nigeria, South Africa, other parts of Africa, and the Near and Far East. Cameroon’s limited resources make it dependent on UN support to host more than 480,000 refugees and asylum seekers as of December 2022. These refugees and asylum seekers are primarily from the Central African Republic and Nigeria.  Internal and external displacement have grown dramatically in recent years.  Boko Haram's attacks and counterattacks by government forces in the Far North since 2014 have increased the number of internally displaced people.  Armed conflict between separatists and Cameroon's military in the Northwest and Southwest since 2016 have displaced hundreds of thousands of the country's Anglophone minority.</p>"
@ -609,7 +609,7 @@
"text": "Senate - last held on 12 March 2023 (next to be held in 2028)<br>National Assembly - last held on 9 February 2020 (next to be held 28 February 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - CDPM 100%; seats by party - CDPM 100; composition as of October 2023 - men 69, women 31, percent of women 31%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 152, UNDP 7, SDF 5, PCRN 5, UDC 4, FSNC 3, MDR 2, UMS 2; composition as of October 2023 - men 109, women 58, percent of women 32.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 31.7%<br><br>note: 13 National Assembly seats were vacant after the 9 February 2020 election due to violence in northwest and southwest regions; CDPM won those seats in a 22 March 2020 election"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - CDPM 100%; seats by party - CDPM 100; composition as of October 2023 - men 69, women 31, percentage women 31%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 152, UNDP 7, SDF 5, PCRN 5, UDC 4, FSNC 3, MDR 2, UMS 2; composition as of October 2023 - men 119, women 61, percentage women 33.9%; total Parliament percentage women 51.1%<br><br><strong>note:</strong> 13 National Assembly seats were vacant after the 9 February 2020 election due to violence in northwest and southwest regions; CDPM won those seats in a 22 March 2020 election"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1288,9 +1288,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Cameroon-Central African Republic</em>: Cameroon has deployed military troops to the border to counter intrusions from armed militias and bandits<br> <br><em>Cameroon-Nigeria:</em> Nigeria recognized Cameroon's sovereignty over the Bakassi Peninsula in 2006 and in completed the transfer of administration in 2013, although there are occasional, mostly local disputes in the area; the the majority of the land boundary was demarcated by 2019 with UN assistance, although there are few disagreements on the precise location of the boundary; the porous border is susceptible to crossings by the Boko Haram and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - West Africa terrorist groups, both of which operate in Northern Nigeria <br><br><br></p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "354,725 (Central African Republic), 121,172 (Nigeria) (2024)"

7
africa/cn.json
View file

@ -529,7 +529,7 @@
"text": "last held on&nbsp;19 January 2020 with a runoff on 23&nbsp;February 2020 (next to be held in 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party in first round - CRC 60.9%, Orange Party 4.3%, independent 30.8%, other 4%; percent of vote by party in the second round - CRC 54.1%, Orange Party 18.9%, independent 26.1%, other 1%; seats by party in the first round -  CRC 16, Orange Party 1, independent 2; seats by party in the second round - CRC 4, Orange Party 1; note - 9 additional seats filled by the 3 island assemblies; note - main opposition parties boycotted election; composition for elected members as of 2022 - men 20, women 4, percent of women 16.7%<br> <h3> </h3>"
"text": "percent of vote by party in first round - CRC 60.9%, Orange Party 4.3%, independent 30.8%, other 4%; seats by party in the first round -  CRC 16, Orange Party 1, independent 2; percent of vote by party in the second round - CRC 54.1%, Orange Party 18.9%, independent 26.1%, other 1%; seats by party in the second round - CRC 4, Orange Party 1; note - 9 additional seats filled by the 3 island assemblies; composition for elected members as of March 2024 - men 20, women 4, percentage women 16.7%; note - main opposition parties boycotted election; <br> <h3> </h3>"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
"note": "<br>   <br><br> "
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros or CRC [AZALI Assoumani]<br>Juwa Party (Parti Juwa) or PJ [Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed SAMBI]<br>Orange Party [Mohamed DAOUDOU]<br><br><br><strong>Note</strong>: only parties with seats in the Assembly of the Union included (2020)"
"text": "Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros or CRC [AZALI Assoumani]<br>Juwa Party (Parti Juwa) or PJ [Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed SAMBI]<br>Orange Party [Mohamed DAOUDOU] (2020)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AMF, AOSIS, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
@ -1106,8 +1106,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>claims French-administered Mayotte and challenges France's and Madagascar's claims to Banc du Geyser, a drying reef in the Mozambique Channel</p>"
}
}
}

7
africa/ct.json
View file

@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
"text": "French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Christian 89%, Muslim 9%, folk religionist 1%, unaffiliated 1% (2020 est.)",
"text": "Roman Catholic 34.6%, Protestant 15.7%, other Christian 22.9%, Muslim 13.8%, ethnic religionist 12%, Baha'i 0.2%, agnostic/atheist 0.7% (2020 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority"
},
"Demographic profile": {
@ -575,7 +575,7 @@
"text": "last held in December 2020 through July 2021 (next to be held 31 December 2025); note - on 27 December 2020, the day of first round elections, voting in many electoral areas was disrupted by armed groups; on 13 February 2021, President TOUADERA announced that new first round elections would be held on 27 February 2021 for those areas controlled by armed groups and the second round on 14 March 2021; ultimately, two additional rounds were held on 23 May and 25 July 2021 in areas that continued to suffer from election security problems"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MCU 63, MOUNI 9, URCA 7, MLPC 7, RDC 5, KNK 3, PATRIE 3, CDE 2, RDD 2, MDD 2, PGD 2, PAD 2, CANE 2, other 11, independent 20; composition as of January 2024 - men 124, women 16, percent of women 11.4%; note - several members of other parties and independent candidates joined the MCU following the opening session of the National Assembly; as of 21 September 2021, the MCU held 86 seats"
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MCU 63, MOUNI 9, URCA 7, MLPC 7, RDC 5, KNK 3, PATRIE 3, CDE 2, RDD 2, MDD 2, PGD 2, PAD 2, CANE 2, other 11, independent 20; composition as of March 2024 - men 124, women 16, percentage women 11.4%; note - several members of other parties and independent candidates joined the MCU following the opening session of the National Assembly; as of 21 September 2021, the MCU held 86 seats"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1171,9 +1171,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Central African Republic-South Sudan:</em> periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with South Sudan over water and grazing rights</p> <p><em>Central African Republic-Sudan: </em>periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with Sudan over water and grazing rights</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "28,217 (Sudan) (refugees since 15 April 2023), 6,707 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2024)"

5
africa/cv.json
View file

@ -530,7 +530,7 @@
"text": "last held on 18 April 2021 (next to be held in April 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party MPD 50.2%, PAICV 39.6%, UCID 9.0%, other 1.2%; seats by party - MPD 38, PAICV 30, UCID 4; composition as of October 2023 - men 44, women 28, percent of women 38.9%"
"text": "percent of vote by party MPD 50.2%, PAICV 39.6%, UCID 9.0%, other 1.2%; seats by party - MPD 38, PAICV 30, UCID 4; composition as of March 2024 - men 44, women 28, percentage women 38.9%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1161,9 +1161,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "115 (2022)"

7
africa/dj.json
View file

@ -558,7 +558,7 @@
"text": "last held on 24 February 2023 (next to be held in February 2028)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 58, UDJ 7; composition - men 48, women 17, percent of women 26.2%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - UMP 93.6%, UDJ 6.3%; seats by party - UMP 58, UDJ 7; composition as of March 2024 - men 48, women 17, percentage women 26.2%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -573,7 +573,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Front for Restoration of Unity and Democracy (Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique) or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]<br>National Democratic Party or PND [Abdourahman Mohamed ALLALEH]<br>People's Rally for Progress or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party)<br>Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Hasna Moumin BAHDON]<br>Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [Ilya Ismail GUEDI Hared]<br>Union for the Presidential Majority coalition or UMP [collective leadership] (electoral coalition includes FRUD, PND, RPP, PPSD, and UPR)<br>Union of Reform Partisans or UPR [Ibrahim Daoud CHEHEM]<br><br><strong>note:</strong> only parties with seats in the National Assembly included"
"text": "Front for Restoration of Unity and Democracy (Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique) or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]<br>National Democratic Party or PND [Abdourahman Mohamed ALLALEH]<br>People's Rally for Progress or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party)<br>Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Hasna Moumin BAHDON]<br>Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [Ilya Ismail GUEDI Hared]<br>Union for the Presidential Majority coalition or UMP [collective leadership] (electoral coalition includes FRUD, PND, RPP, PPSD, and UPR)<br>Union of Reform Partisans or UPR [Ibrahim Daoud CHEHEM]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, ATMIS, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1179,9 +1179,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Djibouti-Somalia:</em> Djibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with \"Somaliland\" leadership while maintaining some political ties to various factions in Somalia</p> <p><em>Djibouti-Eritrea:</em> in 2008, Eritrean troops moved across the border on Ras Doumera peninsula and occupied Doumera Island with undefined sovereignty in the Red Sea, sparking a brief conflict; Qatar mediated and provided peacekeepers until 2017; Djibouti accused Eritrea of reoccupying the area in 2017 after Qatari troops were withdrawn; Djibouti and Eritrea agreed to normalize relations in 2018</p> <p><em>Djibouti-Ethiopia:</em> the Ethiopia-Djibouti relationship has been relatively harmonious, and there have been no major disputes along their shared border</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "6,518 (Yemen) (mid-year 2022); 13,467 (Somalia) (2024)"

7
africa/eg.json
View file

@ -593,7 +593,7 @@
"text": "Senate - first round held on 11-12 August 2020 (9-10 August for diaspora); second round held on 8-9 September (6-7 September for diaspora) (next to be held in 2025)<br>House of Representatives - last held 24-25 October and 7-8 November 2020) (next to be held in 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Nation's Future Party 100, independent 100; composition - men 260, women 40, percent of women 13.3%  <br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Nation's Future Party 316, Republican People's Party 50, New Wafd Party 26, Homeland Defenders Party 23, Modern Egypt Party 11, Reform and Development Party 9, Al-Nour Party 7, Egyptian Conference Party 7, Egyptian Freedom Party 7, Egyptian Social Democratic Party 7, Tagammu 6, Justice Party 2, Etradet Geel Party 1, independent 124; composition - men 428, women 164, percent of women 27.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 22.8%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Nation's Future Party 100, independent 100; composition as of March 2024 - men 258, women 41, percent of women 13.7%  <br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Nation's Future Party 316, Republican People's Party 50, New Wafd Party 26, Homeland Defenders Party 23, Modern Egypt Party 11, Reform and Development Party 9, Al-Nour Party 7, Egyptian Conference Party 7, Egyptian Freedom Party 7, Egyptian Social Democratic Party 7, Tagammu 6, Justice Party 2, Etradet Geel Party 1, independent 124; composition as of March 2024 - men 428, women 164, percent of women 27.5%; total Parliament percent of women 23%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1303,12 +1303,9 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<em>Egypt-Gaza Strip:</em> constructed a barrier and established a buffer zone on its border with Gaza to halt the passage of weapons and militants through cross-border smuggling tunnels and pressure the Palestinian HAMAS terrorist group that runs the Gaza Strip<br><br><em>Egypt-Ethiopia</em>: Ethiopia's construction of a large dam (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) on the Blue Nile in northern Ethiopia since 2011 has become a focal point of relations with Egypt and Sudan; Egypt has described the giant hydroelectric project as an existential threat because of its potential to control the flow of the river that is a key source of water for the country; Ethiopia completed filling the dam in 2023"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "70,021 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2022); 52,446 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,970 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 21,105 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 15,585 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 10,025 (Yemen) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,815 (Iraq) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,802 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022); 464,827 (Sudan) (refugees since 15 April 2023), 155,825 (Syria) (2024)"
"text": "70,021 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2022); 52,446 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,970 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 21,105 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 15,585 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 10,025 (Yemen) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,815 (Iraq) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,802 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022); 464,827 (Sudan) (refugees since 15 April 2023), 156,159 (Syria) (2024)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "10 (2022)"

9
africa/ek.json
View file

@ -526,7 +526,7 @@
"text": "Senate - last held on 19 January 2023 (next to be held in 2028)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 19 January 2023 (next to be held in 2028)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; (elected) seats by party - PDGE 55; composition (including 15 appointed and 2 ex-officio) - men 58, women 16, percent of women 21.6%<br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE 100; composition - men 69, women 31, percent of women 31%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 27%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; (elected) seats by party - PDGE 55; composition as of March 2024 - men 60, women 20, percentage women 25% (includes 15 appointed and 2 ex-officio members)<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE 100; composition as of March 2024 - men 68, women 32, percentage women 32%; total National Assembly percentage women 28.9%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1112,19 +1112,16 @@
"text": "approximately 1,500 active-duty troops; approximately 500 Gendarmerie (2023)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FAGE is armed with mostly older (typically Soviet-era) and second-hand weapons systems; in recent years, it has sought to modernize its naval inventory with purchases of vessels from several countries, including Bulgaria and Israel; China and Russia have also supplied small amounts of equipment to the FAGE (2023)"
"text": "the FAGE is armed with mostly older (typically Soviet-era) and second-hand weapons systems; in recent years, it has sought to modernize its naval inventory with purchases of vessels from several countries, including Bulgaria and Israel; China and Russia have also supplied some equipment to the FAGE (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for selective compulsory military service, although conscription is rare in practice; 24-month service obligation (2023)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the FAGE&rsquo;s National Guard (Army) has only three small infantry battalions with limited combat capabilities; the country has invested heavily in naval capabilities in recent years to protect its oil installations and combat piracy and crime in the Gulf of Guinea; while the Navy is small, its inventory includes a light frigate and a corvette, as well as several off-shore patrol boats; the Air Force has only a few operational combat aircraft and ground attack-capable helicopters (2023)"
"text": "the FAGE&rsquo;s National Guard (Army) has only three small infantry battalions with limited combat capabilities; the country has invested heavily in naval capabilities in recent years to protect its oil installations and combat piracy and crime in the Gulf of Guinea; while the Navy is small, its inventory includes a light frigate and a corvette, as well as several off-shore patrol vessels; the Air Force has only a few operational combat aircraft and ground attack-capable helicopters (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Equatorial Guinea-Cameroon: </em>in 2002, ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but a dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River and imprecisely defined maritime coordinates in the ICJ decision delayed final delimitation</p> <p><em>Equatorial Guinea-Gabon:</em> dispute over Mbane Island and lesser islands in the Corisco Bay submitted to ICJ in 2016</p>"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"tier rating": {
"text": "<p>Tier 3 — Equatorial Guinea does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; therefore, Equatorial Guinea was downgraded to Tier 3; officials took some steps such as training law enforcement officials on trafficking; however, the government did not prosecute any traffickers and has never convicted a trafficker under its 2004 anti-trafficking law; officials did not identify any victims for the second consecutive year nor screen vulnerable populations; the anti-trafficking law did not criminalize all forms of trafficking; allegations of senior government officials’ complicity in trafficking crimes continued to hinder efforts to combat trafficking (2023)</p>"

5
africa/er.json
View file

@ -539,7 +539,7 @@
"text": "unicameral National Assembly (Hagerawi Baito) (150 seats; 75 members directly elected by simple majority vote and 75 members indirectly elected by the ruling party; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "in May 1997, following the adoption of the new constitution, 75 members of the PFDJ Central Committee (the old Central Committee of the EPLF), 60 members of the 527-member Constituent Assembly, which had been established in 1997 to discuss and ratify the new constitution, and 15 representatives of Eritreans living abroad were formed into a Transitional National Assembly to serve as the country's legislative body until countrywide elections to form a National Assembly were held; although only 75 of 150 members of the Transitional National Assembly were elected, the constitution stipulates that once past the transition stage, all members of the National Assembly will be elected by secret ballot of all eligible voters; National Assembly elections scheduled for December 2001 were postponed indefinitely due to the war with Ethiopia, and as of 2023, there was no sitting legislative body"
"text": "in May 1997, following the adoption of the new constitution, 75 members of the PFDJ Central Committee (the old Central Committee of the EPLF), 60 members of the 527-member Constituent Assembly, which had been established in 1997 to discuss and ratify the new constitution, and 15 representatives of Eritreans living abroad were formed into a Transitional National Assembly to serve as the country's legislative body until countrywide elections to form a National Assembly were held; although only 75 of 150 members of the Transitional National Assembly were elected, the constitution stipulates that once past the transition stage, all members of the National Assembly will be elected by secret ballot of all eligible voters; National Assembly elections scheduled for December 2001 were postponed indefinitely due to the war with Ethiopia, and as of 2023, no sitting legislative body exists"
},
"election results": {
"text": "NA"
@ -1132,9 +1132,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Eritrea-Ethiopia: </em>both agreed to abide by 2002 Ethiopia-Eritrea Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement<br><br><em>Eritrea-Sudan: </em>Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting eastern Sudanese rebel groups<br><br><em>Eritrea-Djibouti:</em> in 2008, Eritrean troops moved across the border on Ras Doumera peninsula and occupied Doumera Island with undefined sovereignty in the Red Sea</p>"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"tier rating": {
"text": "<p>Tier 3 — Eritrea does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so, therefore Eritrea remained on Tier 3; the government continued to have a policy or pattern of human trafficking; the government exploited its citizens in forced labor in its compulsory national service and citizen militia by forcing them to serve indefinitely or for arbitrary periods; officials directed policies that perpetuated mobilization of children for forced labor in public works projects, usually within the agricultural sector, during the student summer work program known as <em>Maetot</em>; the government did not demonstrate any efforts to address human trafficking (2023)</p>"

9
africa/et.json
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@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
},
"Languages": {
"Languages": {
"text": "Oromo (official working language of Oromia Regional State) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official working language of Somali Regional State) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official working language of Tigray Regional State) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official working language of Afar Regional State) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic (2007 est.)"
"text": "Oromo (official working language of Oromia Regional State) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official working language of Somali Regional State) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official working language of Tigray Regional State) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official working language of Afar Regional State) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English <br><br><strong>note:</strong> Sidama is an official working language of Sidama Regional State (2007 est.)"
},
"major-language sample(s)": {
"text": "<br>Kitaaba Addunyaa Waan Qabataamaatiif - Kan Madda Odeeffannoo bu’uraawaatiif baay’ee barbaachisaa ta’e. (Oromo)<br><br>የአለም እውነታ መጽሐፍ፣ ለመሠረታዊ መረጃ እጅግ አስፈላጊ የሆነ ምንጭ። (Amharic)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
@ -611,10 +611,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>House of Federation or Yefedereshein Mikir Bete (153 seats maximum; 144 seats current; members indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 5-year terms)<br>House of People's Representatives or Yehizb Tewokayoch Mekir Bete (547 seats maximum; 470 seats current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; 22 seats reserved for minorities; all members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>House of Federation - last held 4 October 2021 (next expected in October 2026)<br>House of People's Representatives - last held in two parts on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (next expected in June 2026)"
"text": "House of Federation - last held 4 October 2021 (next expected in October 2026)<br>House of People's Representatives - last held in two parts on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (next expected in June 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>House of Federation - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - NA; composition as of February 2024 - men 102, women 43, percentage women 29.7%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - Prosperity Party 454, NAMA 5, EZEMA 4, Gedeo People's Democratic organization 2, Kucha People Democratic Party 1, independent 4; composition as of February 2024 - men 275, women 195, percentage women 41.3%; note - total Parliament percentage women 38.9%"
"text": "House of Federation - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - NA; composition as of February 2024 - men 102, women 43, percentage women 29.7%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - Prosperity Party 454, NAMA 5, EZEMA 4, Gedeo People's Democratic organization 2, Kucha People Democratic Party 1, independent 4; composition as of February 2024 - men 275, women 195, percentage women 41.3%; note - total Parliament percentage women 38.9%"
},
"note": "<strong>notes:</strong> House of Federation is responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues and the House of People's Representatives is responsible for passing legislation; percent of vote percentages are calculated on the number of members actually seated versus on the constitutional maximums"
},
@ -1291,9 +1291,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Ethiopia-Eritrea:</em> Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement<br><br><em>Ethiopia-Kenya:</em> their border was demarcated in the 1950s and approved in 1970; in 2012, Kenya and Ethiopia agreed to redemarcate their boundary following disputes over beacons and cross-border crime; that process is ongoing as of 2023<br><br><em>Ethiopia-Somalia:</em> the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden (populated largely by ethnic Somalis) and southern Somalia's Oromo region; the Somalia-based terrorist group al-Shabaab has conducted cross-border assaults into Ethiopia as recently as 2022 <br><br><em>Ethiopia-South Sudan: </em>while border clashes continue in the al-Fashqa (Fashaga) area, the US views the 1902 boundary treaty between Ethiopia and Sudan as being in force<br><br><em>Ethiopia-Sudan:</em> Ethiopia's construction of a large dam (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) on the Blue Nile in northern Ethiopia since 2011 has become a focal point of relations with Egypt and Sudan; Egypt has described the giant hydroelectric project as an existential threat because of its potential to control the flow of the river that is a key source of water for the country; Ethiopia completed filling the dam in 2023</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "167,391 (Eritrea) (2023); 420,502 (South Sudan), 314,976 (Somalia), 111,778 (Sudan) (refugees since 15 April 2023) (2024)"

7
africa/ga.json
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@ -566,10 +566,10 @@
"text": "unicameral National Assembly (58 seats; 53 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 5 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 9 April 2022 (next to be held in 2027)"
"text": "last held on 9 April 2022 (next to be held in 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - NPP 33.9%, UDP 28.3%, independent 22.6%, NRP 7.5%, PDOIS 3.7%, APRL 3.7%; seats by party - NPP 18, UDP 15, independent 12, NRP 4, APRL 2, PDOIS 2; composition as of February 2024 - men 53, women 5, percentage women 8.6%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - NPP 33.9%, UDP 28.3%, independent 22.6%, NRP 7.5%, PDOIS 3.7%, APRL 3.7%; seats by party - NPP 18, UDP 15, independent 12, NRP 4, APRL 2, PDOIS 2; composition as of February 2024 - men 53, women 5, percentage women 8.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1190,9 +1190,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>border issues include attempts to stem refugees, cross-border raids, arms smuggling, and other illegal activities by separatists from southern Senegal's Casamance region, as well as from conflicts in other west African states</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"IDPs": {
"text": "5,600 (2022)"

9
africa/gb.json
View file

@ -540,13 +540,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "<p>Transitional Parliament (formerly the bicameral Parliament) consists of:<br>Senate (70 seats; members appointed by Transitional president; member term NA)<br>National Assembly (98 seats; members appointed by the Transitional president; member term NA) <br>note - all members represent legally recognized political parties or leading political figures, civil society, and defense and security forces<br><br><br></p>"
"text": "Transitional Parliament (formerly the bicameral Parliament) consists of:<br>Senate (70 seats; members appointed by Transitional president; member term NA)<br>National Assembly (98 seats; members appointed by the Transitional president; member term NA) <br>note - all members represent legally recognized political parties or leading political figures, civil society, and defense and security forces"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<p>on 11 September 2023, Transitional President Gen. Brice OLIGUI Nguema appointed 168 members to the Transitional Parliament; elections for a permanent legislature reportedly to follow 2-year transition; note - the military government announced on 13 November 2023 that presidential and legislative elections will be held in August 2025</p>"
"text": "on 11 September 2023, Transitional President Gen. Brice OLIGUI Nguema appointed 168 members to the Transitional Parliament; elections for a permanent legislature reportedly to follow 2-year transition; note - the military government announced on 13 November 2023 that presidential and legislative elections will be held in August 2025"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p>all members of the Transitional Parliament appointed by the Transitional president</p>"
"text": "all members of the Transitional Parliament appointed by the Transitional president"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1199,9 +1199,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>dispute with Equatorial Guinea over Mbane Island and lesser islands in the Corisco Bay submitted to ICJ in 2016</p>"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"tier rating": {
"text": "Tier 2 Watch List &mdash; Gabon does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; officials increased funding and capacity at an NGO-run shelter for victims, and also increased prosecutions and convictions of alleged traffickers; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared to the previous year, to expand its anti-trafficking capacity; authorities did not report any referrals of victims to services and did not report efforts to identify, protect, or provide justice for adult victims&mdash;potential efforts that have been inadequate for several years; for the fourth consecutive year, the government did not adopt its anti-trafficking National Action Plan and lacked inter-ministerial coordination; officials did not report investigating allegations of judicial corruption related to trafficking crimes; therefore, Gabon remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year (2023)"

11
africa/gh.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Ghana is a multiethnic country rich in natural resources and is one of the most stable and democratic countries in West Africa. Ghana has been inhabited for at least several thousand years, however, little is known about its early inhabitants. By the 12th century, the gold trade started to boom in Bono (Bonoman) state in what is today southern Ghana, and it became the genesis of Akan power and wealth in the region. Beginning in the 15th century, the Portuguese, followed by other European powers, arrived and contested for trading rights. Numerous kingdoms and empires emerged in the area, among the most powerful were the Kingdom of Dagbon in the north and the Asante (Ashanti) Empire in the south. By the mid-18th century, Asante was a highly organized state with immense wealth; it provided enslaved people for the Atlantic slave trade, and in return received firearms that facilitated its territorial expansion. The Asante resisted increasing British influence in the coastal areas, engaging in a series of wars during the 19th century before ultimately falling under British control. Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first Sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence, with Kwame NKRUMAH as its first leader.<br><br>Ghana endured a series of coups before Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS took power in 1981 and banned political parties. After approving a new constitution and restoring multiparty politics in 1992, RAWLINGS won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996 but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. John KUFUOR of the opposition New Patriotic Party (NPP) succeeded him and was reelected in 2004. John Atta MILLS of the National Democratic Congress won the 2008 presidential election and took over as head of state. MILLS died in July 2012 and was constitutionally succeeded by his vice president, John Dramani MAHAMA, who subsequently won the December 2012 presidential election. In 2016, Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO of the NPP defeated MAHAMA, marking the third time that Ghana’s presidency had changed parties since the return to democracy. AKUFO-ADDO was reelected in 2020. In recent years, Ghana has taken an active role in promoting regional stability and is highly integrated in international affairs.</p>"
"text": "<p>Ghana is a multiethnic country rich in natural resources and is one of the most stable and democratic countries in West Africa. Ghana has been inhabited for at least several thousand years, but little is known about its early inhabitants. By the 12th century, the gold trade started to boom in Bono (Bonoman) state in what is today southern Ghana, and it became the genesis of the Akan people's power and wealth in the region. Beginning in the 15th century, the Portuguese, followed by other European powers, arrived and competed for trading rights. Numerous kingdoms and empires emerged in the area, among the most powerful were the Kingdom of Dagbon in the north and the Asante (Ashanti) Empire in the south. By the mid-18th century, Asante was a highly organized state with immense wealth; it provided enslaved people for the Atlantic slave trade, and in return received firearms that facilitated its territorial expansion. The Asante resisted increasing British influence in the coastal areas, engaging in a series of wars during the 19th century before ultimately falling under British control. Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first Sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence, with Kwame NKRUMAH as its first leader.<br><br>Ghana endured a series of coups before Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS took power in 1981 and banned political parties. After approving a new constitution and restoring multiparty politics in 1992, RAWLINGS won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996 but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. John KUFUOR of the opposition New Patriotic Party (NPP) succeeded him and was reelected in 2004. John Atta MILLS of the National Democratic Congress won the 2008 presidential election and took over as head of state. MILLS died in 2012 and was constitutionally succeeded by his vice president, John Dramani MAHAMA, who subsequently won the 2012 presidential election. In 2016, Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO of the NPP defeated MAHAMA, marking the third time that Ghana’s presidency had changed parties since the return to democracy. AKUFO-ADDO was reelected in 2020. In recent years, Ghana has taken an active role in promoting regional stability and is highly integrated in international affairs.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -581,10 +581,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Parliament (275 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 7 December 2020 (next to be held in December 2024)"
"text": "last held on 7 December 2020 (next to be held in December 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - NPP 50.4%, NDC 46.2%, independent 2.3%, other 1.1%; seats by party- NPP 137, NDC 137, independent 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 235, women 40, percentage women 14.6%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - NPP 50.4%, NDC 46.2%, independent 2.3%, other 1.1%; seats by party- NPP 137, NDC 137, independent 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 235, women 40, percentage women 14.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -600,7 +600,7 @@
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "All Peoples Congress or APC [Hassan AYARIGA]<br>Convention People's Party or CPP [Onsy Kwame NKRUMAH, acting]<br>Ghana Freedom Party or GFP [Akua DONKOR]<br>Ghana Union Movement or GUM [Christian Kwabena ANDREWS]<br>Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Henry Herbert LARTEY]<br>Liberal Party of Ghana or LPG [Kofi AKPALOO]<br>National Democratic Congress or NDC [John Dramani MAHAMA]<br>National Democratic Party or NDP [Nana Konadu Agyeman RAWLINGS]<br>New Patriotic Party or NPP [Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO]<br>People's National Convention or PNC [Janet NABIA]<br>Progressive People's Party or PPP [Paa Kwesi NDUOM]<br>United Front Party or UFP [Dr. Nana A. BOATENG]<br>United Progressive Party or UPP [Akwasi Addai ODIKE]",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Ghana has more than 20 registered parties; included are those which participated in the 2020 general election"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Ghana has more than 20 registered parties"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1258,9 +1258,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "disputed maritime border with Cote d'Ivoire was resolved in 2017 through a decision of a Special Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>Ghana is a transit and destination point for illicit drugs trafficked from Asia and South America to other African countries, Europe, and to a lesser extent North America;  not a significant source for drugs entering the United States;  limited local consumption of controlled pharmaceuticals, cocaine, and heroin from Asia and South America; cannabis cultivated and produced in large quantities in most rural areas of Ghana  </p> <p> </p>"
}

11
africa/gv.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Guinea's deep Muslim heritage arrived via the neighboring Almoravid Empire in the 11th century. Following Almoravid decline, Guinea existed on the fringe of several African kingdoms, all competing for regional dominance. In the 13th century, the Mali Empire took control of Guinea, encouraging its already growing Muslim faith. After the fall of the West African empires, various smaller kingdoms controlled Guinea. In the 18th century, Fulani Muslims established an Islamic state in central Guinea that represents one of the earliest examples of a written constitution and alternating leadership. While European traders first arrived in the 16th century, it was the French who secured colonial rule in the 19th century.</p> <p>In 1958, Guinea achieved independence from France. Sekou TOURE became Guinea’s first post-independence president; he established a dictatorial regime and ruled until his death in 1984, after which General Lansana CONTE staged a coup and seized the government. He too established an authoritarian regime and manipulated presidential elections until his death in December 2008, when Captain Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seized power, and suspended the constitution. In September 2009, presidential guards opened fire on an opposition rally, killing more than 150 people in Conakry, the capital. In early December 2009, CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and exiled to Burkina Faso. In 2010 and 2013 respectively, the country held its first free and fair presidential and legislative elections. Alpha CONDE won the 2010 and 2015 presidential elections. CONDE's first cabinet was the first all-civilian government in Guinean history. In March 2020, Guinea passed a new constitution in a national referendum that changed presidential term limit rules. CONDE argued that, given this change, he was allowed to run for a third term, which he then won in October 2020. On 5 September 2021, Col Mamady DOUMBOUYA led special forces troops in a successful military coup, ousting and detaining CONDE and establishing the National Committee for Reconciliation and Development (CNRD). DOUMBOUYA and the CNRD suspended the constitution and dissolved the government and the legislature. DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transition president on 1 October 2021, and appointed Mohamed BEAVOGUI as transition prime minister a week later. BEAVOGUI subsequently formed a largely technocratic cabinet. The National Transition Council (CNT), which acts as the legislative body for the transition, was formed on 22 January 2022. The 81-member CNT is led by Dr. Dansa KOUROUMA and consists of appointed members representing a broad swath of Guinean society.</p> <p> </p> <p><br><br></p>"
"text": "<p>Guinea's deep Muslim heritage arrived via the neighboring Almoravid Empire in the 11th century. Following Almoravid decline, Guinea existed on the fringe of several African kingdoms, all competing for regional dominance. In the 13th century, the Mali Empire took control of Guinea and encouraged its already growing Muslim faith. After the fall of the West African empires, various smaller kingdoms controlled Guinea. In the 18th century, Fulani Muslims established an Islamic state in central Guinea that provided one of the earliest examples of a written constitution and alternating leadership. European traders first arrived in the 16th century, and the French secured colonial rule in the 19th century.</p> <p>In 1958, Guinea achieved independence from France. Sekou TOURE became Guinea’s first post-independence president; he established a dictatorial regime and ruled until his death in 1984, after which General Lansana CONTE staged a coup and seized the government. He too established an authoritarian regime and manipulated presidential elections until his death in 2008, when Captain Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seized power, and suspended the constitution. In 2009, CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and was exiled to Burkina Faso. In 2010 and 2013 respectively, the country held its first free and fair presidential and legislative elections. Alpha CONDE won the 2010 and 2015 presidential elections, and his first cabinet was the first all-civilian government in Guinean history. CONDE won a third term in 2020 after a constitutional change to term limits. In 2021, Col Mamady DOUMBOUYA led another successful military coup, establishing the National Committee for Reconciliation and Development (CNRD), suspending the constitution, and dissolving the government and the legislature. DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transition president and appointed Mohamed BEAVOGUI as transition prime minister. The National Transition Council (CNT), which acts as the legislative body for the transition, was formed in 2022 and consists of appointed members representing a broad swath of Guinean society.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> about 40 languages are spoken; each ethnic group has its own language"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Muslim 89.1%, Christian 6.8%, animist 1.6%, other 0.1%, none 2.4% (2014 est.)"
"text": "Muslim 85.2%, Christian 13.4%, animist 0.2%, none 1.2% (2018 est.)"
},
"Demographic profile": {
"text": "<p>Guinea’s strong population growth is a result of declining mortality rates and sustained elevated fertility. The population growth rate was somewhat tempered in the 2000s because of a period of net outmigration. Although life expectancy and mortality rates have improved over the last two decades, the nearly universal practice of female genital cutting continues to contribute to high infant and maternal mortality rates. Guinea’s total fertility remains high at about 5 children per woman as of 2022 because of the ongoing preference for larger families, low contraceptive usage and availability, a lack of educational attainment and empowerment among women, and poverty. A lack of literacy and vocational training programs limit job prospects for youths, but even those with university degrees often have no option but to work in the informal sector. About 60% of the country’s large youth population is unemployed.</p> <p>Tensions and refugees have spilled over Guinea’s borders with Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Cote d’Ivoire. During the 1990s Guinea harbored as many as half a million refugees from Sierra Leone and Liberia, more refugees than any other African country for much of that decade. About half sought refuge in the volatile \"Parrot’s Beak\" region of southwest Guinea, a wedge of land jutting into Sierra Leone near the Liberian border. Many were relocated within Guinea in the early 2000s because the area suffered repeated cross-border attacks from various government and rebel forces, as well as anti-refugee violence.</p>"
@ -581,10 +581,10 @@
"text": "formerly the People's National Assembly; note - on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup in which President CONDE was arrested and detained, the constitution suspended, and the government and People's National Assembly dissolved; on 22 January 2022, an 81-member Transitional National Council was installed; on 19 February 2024 Guinea's military leaders dissolved the government"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>81 members to the Transitional National Council were appointed by the transitional president Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA on 22 January 2022; elections for a permanent legislature had not been announced as of late January 2022; on 19 February 2024 Guinea's military leaders dissolved the government"
"text": "81 members to the Transitional National Council were appointed by the transitional president Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA on 22 January 2022; elections for a permanent legislature had not been announced as of late January 2022; on 19 February 2024 Guinea's military leaders dissolved the government"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>81 members of the National Transitional Council appointed on 22 January 2022 by the transitional president; the members represent all of the country's socio-professional organizations and political parties"
"text": "81 members of the National Transitional Council appointed on 22 January 2022 by the transitional president; the members represent all of the country's socio-professional organizations and political parties"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1210,9 +1210,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<em>Guinea-Liberia: </em>the border is not disputed and there is joint border management, although the border is porous and there have been occasional disputes relating to military encroachments and use of the boundary rivers<br><br><em>Guinea-Mali: </em>the border is not disputed, although there have been periodic clashes between border communities over land rights and access to natural resources"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "NA"
}

7
africa/iv.json
View file

@ -597,10 +597,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (99 seats; 66 members indirectly elected by the National Assembly and members of municipal, autonomous districts, and regional councils, and 33 members appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)<br>National Assembly (255 seats - 254 for 2021-2026 term; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<p>Senate - last held on 16 September 2023 (next to be held in September 2028)<br>National Assembly - last held on 6 March 2021 (next to be held on 31 March 2026)</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "Senate - last held on 16 September 2023 (next to be held in September 2028)<br>National Assembly - last held on 6 March 2021 (next to be held on 31 March 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p>Senate - percent by party/coalition NA; seats by party/coalition - RHDP 56, PDCI-RDA 6, independent 2, vacant 2; composition - men 54, women 10, percent of women 15.6% (2 seats vacant); note - 33 members appointed; RHDP 25, independent 8 <br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party/coalition - RHDP 49.2%, PDCI-RRA-EDS 16.5%, DPIC 6%, TTB 2.1%, IPF 2%, other 24.2%; seats by party/coalition - RHDP, 137, PDCI-RRA-EDS 50, DPIC 23, EDS 8, TTB 8, IPF 2, independent 26, vacant 1; composition as of January 2024 - men 220, women 34, percent of women 13.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 12.4%</p>"
"text": "Senate - percent by party/coalition NA; seats by party/coalition - RHDP 56, PDCI-RDA 6, independent 2, vacant 2; composition as of March 2024 - men 73, women 24, percentage women 15.6% (2 seats vacant); note - 33 members appointed - RHDP 25, independent 8 <br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party/coalition - RHDP 49.2%, PDCI-RRA-EDS 16.5%, DPIC 6%, TTB 2.1%, IPF 2%, other 24.2%; seats by party/coalition - RHDP, 137, PDCI-RRA-EDS 50, DPIC 23, EDS 8, TTB 8, IPF 2, independent 26, vacant 1; composition as of March 2024 - men 220, women 34, percentage women 13.4%; note - total Parliament percentage women 16.5%"
},
"note": "<br><br>"
},
@ -1277,9 +1277,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>disputed maritime border between Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"IDPs": {
"text": "302,000 (post-election conflict in 2010-11, as well as civil war from 2002-04; land disputes; most pronounced in western and southwestern regions) (2022)"

11
africa/ke.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Trade centers such as Mombasa have existed along the Kenyan and Tanzanian coastlines, known as the Land of Zanj, since at least the 2nd century. These centers traded with the outside world, including China, India, Indonesia, the Middle East, North Africa, and Persia. By around the 9th century, the mix of Africans, Arabs, and Persians who lived and traded there became known as Swahili (\"people of the coast\") with a distinct language (KiSwahili) and culture. The Portuguese arrived in the 1490s and, using Mombasa as a base, sought to monopolize trade in the Indian Ocean. The Portuguese were pushed out in the late 1600s by the combined forces of Oman and Pate, an island off the coast. In 1890, Germany and the UK divided up the region, with the UK taking the north and the Germans the south, including present-day Tanzania, Burundi, and Rwanda. The British established the East Africa Protectorate in 1895, which in 1920 was converted into a colony and named Kenya after its highest mountain. Numerous political disputes between the colony and the UK subsequently led to the violent Mau Mau Uprising, which began in 1952, and the eventual declaration of independence in 1963.</p> Jomo KENYATTA, the founding president and an icon of the liberation struggle, led Kenya from independence in 1963 until his death in 1978, when Vice President Daniel Arap MOI took power in a constitutional succession. The country was a de facto one-party state from 1969 until 1982, after which time the ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU) changed the constitution to make itself the sole legal political party in Kenya. MOI acceded to internal and external pressure for political liberalization in late 1991. The ethnically fractured opposition failed to dislodge KANU from power in elections in 1992 and 1997, which were marred by violence and fraud. President MOI stepped down in December 2002 following fair and peaceful elections. Mwai KIBAKI, running as the candidate of the multiethnic, united opposition group, the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), defeated KANU candidate Uhuru KENYATTA, the son of founding president Jomo KENYATTA, and assumed the presidency following a campaign centered on an anticorruption platform. <br><br>KIBAKI's reelection in 2007 resulted in two months of post-election ethnic violence that caused the death of more than 1,100 people and the dislocation of hundreds of thousands. Opposition candidate, Raila ODINGA, accused the government of widespread vote rigging. African Union-sponsored mediation led by former UN Secretary General Kofi ANNAN resulted in a power-sharing accord that brought ODINGA into the government in the restored position of prime minister. The power sharing accord included a broad reform agenda, the centerpiece of which was constitutional reform. In 2010, Kenyans overwhelmingly adopted a new constitution in a national referendum. The new constitution introduced additional checks and balances to executive power and devolved power and resources to 47 newly created counties. It also eliminated the position of prime minister. Uhuru KENYATTA won the first presidential election under the new constitution in March 2013. KENYATTA won a second and final term in office in November 2017 following a contentious, repeat election. In August 2022, William RUTO won a close presidential election; he assumed the office the following month after the Kenyan Supreme Court upheld the victory."
"text": "<p>Trade centers such as Mombasa have existed along the Kenyan and Tanzanian coastlines, known as the Land of Zanj, since at least the 2nd century. These centers traded with the outside world, including China, India, Indonesia, the Middle East, North Africa, and Persia. By around the 9th century, the mix of Africans, Arabs, and Persians who lived and traded there became known as Swahili (\"people of the coast\") with a distinct language (KiSwahili) and culture. The Portuguese arrived in the 1490s and, using Mombasa as a base, sought to monopolize trade in the Indian Ocean. The Portuguese were pushed out in the late 1600s by the combined forces of Oman and Pate, an island off the coast. In 1890, Germany and the UK divided up the region, with the UK taking the north and the Germans the south, including present-day Tanzania, Burundi, and Rwanda. In 1895, the British established the East Africa Protectorate, which in 1920 was converted into a colony and named Kenya after its highest mountain. Numerous political disputes between the colony and the UK subsequently led to the violent Mau Mau Uprising, which began in 1952, and the eventual declaration of independence in 1963.</p> Jomo KENYATTA, the founding president and an icon of the liberation struggle, led Kenya from independence in 1963 until his death in 1978, when Vice President Daniel Arap MOI took power in a constitutional succession. The country was a de facto one-party state from 1969 until 1982, after which time the ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU) changed the constitution to make itself the sole legal political party in Kenya. MOI acceded to internal and external pressure for political liberalization in late 1991. The ethnically fractured opposition failed to dislodge KANU from power in elections in 1992 and 1997, which were marred by violence and fraud. President MOI stepped down in December 2002 following fair and peaceful elections. Mwai KIBAKI, running as the candidate of the multiethnic, united opposition group, the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), defeated KANU candidate Uhuru KENYATTA, the son of founding president Jomo KENYATTA, and assumed the presidency following a campaign centered on an anticorruption platform. <br><br>KIBAKI's reelection in 2007 resulted in two months of post-election ethnic violence that caused the death of more than 1,100 people and the dislocation of hundreds of thousands. Opposition candidate, Raila ODINGA, accused the government of widespread vote rigging. African Union-sponsored mediation led by former UN Secretary General Kofi ANNAN resulted in a power-sharing accord that brought ODINGA into the government in the restored position of prime minister. The power sharing accord included a broad reform agenda, the centerpiece of which was constitutional reform. In 2010, Kenyans overwhelmingly adopted a new constitution in a national referendum. The new constitution introduced additional checks and balances to executive power and devolved power and resources to 47 newly created counties. It also eliminated the position of prime minister. Uhuru KENYATTA won the first presidential election under the new constitution in March 2013. KENYATTA won a second and final term in office in November 2017 following a contentious, repeat election. In August 2022, William RUTO won a close presidential election; he assumed the office the following month after the Kenyan Supreme Court upheld the victory."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -587,10 +587,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate (68 seats; 47 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 20 directly elected by proportional representation vote - 16 women, 2 representing youth, 2 representing the disabled, and one Senate speaker; members serve 5-year terms)<br>National Assembly (350 seats; 290 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 47 women in single-seat constituencies elected by simple majority vote, and 12 members nominated by the National Assembly - 6 representing youth and 6 representing the disabled, and one Assembly speaker; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 9 August 2022 (next to be held on 10 August 2027)<br>National Assembly - last held on 9 August 2022 (next to be held on 10 August 2027)"
"text": "Senate - last held on 9 August 2022 (next to be held on 10 August 2027)<br>National Assembly - last held on 9 August 2022 (next to be held on 10 August 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - Kenya Kwanza 33, Azimio La Umoja 32, independent 2, other 1; composition - men 46, women 21, percentage women is 31.3%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - Kenya Kwanza alliance 176, Azimio La Umoja alliance 161, independent 12, other 1; composition - men 267, women 81, percentage women 24.6%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - Kenya Kwanza 33, Azimio La Umoja 32, independent 2, other 1; composition as of March 2024 - men 46, women 21, percentage women is 31.3%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - Kenya Kwanza alliance 176, Azimio La Umoja alliance 161, independent 12, other 1; composition as of March 2024 - men 267, women 81, percentage women 24.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -605,7 +605,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<p>Azimio La Umoja–One Kenya Coalition Party [Raila ODINGA] (includes DAP-K, JP, KANU, KUP, MCC, MDG, ODM, PAA, UDM, UDP, UPA, UPIA, and WDM-K)<br>Amani National Congress or ANC [Musalia MUDAVADI]<br>Chama Cha Kazi or CCK [Moses KURIA]<br>Democratic Action Party or DAP-K [Wafula WAMUNYINYI]<br>Democratic Party or DP [Joseph MUNYAO, Chairman]<br>Forum for the Restoration of Democracy–Kenya or FORD-Kenya [Moses WETANGULA]<br>Grand Dream Development Party or GDDP [Fabian KYULE]           <br>Jubilee Party or JP [Uhuru KENYATTA] (previously the National Alliance Party)<br>Kenya African National Union or KANU [Gideon MOI]<br>Kenya Kwanza coalition [William RUTO] (includes ANC, CCK, DP, FORD-Kenya, TSP, and UDA)<br>Kenya Union Party or KUP [John LONYANGAPUO]<br>Maendeleo Chap Chap Party or MCC [Alfred MUTUA]<br>Movement for Democracy and Growth or MDG [David OCHIENG]<br>National Agenda Party or NAP-K [Alfayo AGUFANA]                        <br>National Ordinary People Empowerment Union or NOPEU [Rodgers MPURU, Secretary General}<br>Orange Democratic Movement or ODM [Raila ODINGA]<br>Pamoja African Alliance or PAA [Amason KINGI]<br>The Service Party or TSP [Mwangi KIUNJURI]<br>United Democratic Alliance or UDA [William RUTO]<br>United Democratic Movement or UDM [Philip MURGOR]<br>United Democratic Party or UDP [Cyrus Jirongo]<br>United Party of Independent Alliance or UPIA [Ukur YATANI]                                      <br>United Progressive Alliance or UPA [Kenneth NYAMWAMU]                                        <br>Wiper Democratic Movement-Kenya or WDM-K [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]   <br><br><strong>note:</strong> includes only parties with seats in the Senate and National Assembly</p>"
"text": "<p>Azimio La Umoja–One Kenya Coalition Party [Raila ODINGA] (includes DAP-K, JP, KANU, KUP, MCC, MDG, ODM, PAA, UDM, UDP, UPA, UPIA, and WDM-K)<br>Amani National Congress or ANC [Musalia MUDAVADI]<br>Chama Cha Kazi or CCK [Moses KURIA]<br>Democratic Action Party or DAP-K [Wafula WAMUNYINYI]<br>Democratic Party or DP [Joseph MUNYAO, Chairman]<br>Forum for the Restoration of Democracy–Kenya or FORD-Kenya [Moses WETANGULA]<br>Grand Dream Development Party or GDDP [Fabian KYULE]           <br>Jubilee Party or JP [Uhuru KENYATTA] (previously the National Alliance Party)<br>Kenya African National Union or KANU [Gideon MOI]<br>Kenya Kwanza coalition [William RUTO] (includes ANC, CCK, DP, FORD-Kenya, TSP, and UDA)<br>Kenya Union Party or KUP [John LONYANGAPUO]<br>Maendeleo Chap Chap Party or MCC [Alfred MUTUA]<br>Movement for Democracy and Growth or MDG [David OCHIENG]<br>National Agenda Party or NAP-K [Alfayo AGUFANA]                        <br>National Ordinary People Empowerment Union or NOPEU [Rodgers MPURU, Secretary General}<br>Orange Democratic Movement or ODM [Raila ODINGA]<br>Pamoja African Alliance or PAA [Amason KINGI]<br>The Service Party or TSP [Mwangi KIUNJURI]<br>United Democratic Alliance or UDA [William RUTO]<br>United Democratic Movement or UDM [Philip MURGOR]<br>United Democratic Party or UDP [Cyrus Jirongo]<br>United Party of Independent Alliance or UPIA [Ukur YATANI]                                      <br>United Progressive Alliance or UPA [Kenneth NYAMWAMU]                                        <br>Wiper Democratic Movement-Kenya or WDM-K [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]</p>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, CD, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCT, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1279,9 +1279,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Kenya-Ethiopia</em>: their border was demarcated in the 1950s and approved in 1970; in 2012, Kenya and Ethiopia agreed to redemarcate their boundary following disputes over beacons and cross-border crime; that process is ongoing as of 2023</p> <p><em>Kenya-Somalia</em>: the Somali-based terrorist group al-Shabaab has infiltrated the border and conducted attacks in Kenya; clan and militia fighting amongst ethnic Somali peoples separated by the Kenya-Somali border has periodically threatened to spread across the border, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists; in 2021, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) gave Somalia control over a disputed ocean area where the seabeds are believed to hold vasts oil and gas deposits; the ICJ ruling gave Somalia the rights to several offshore oil exploration blocks previously claimed by Kenya; Kenya did not recognize the court’s decision</p> <p><em>Kenya-South Sudan</em>: two thirds of the boundary that separates Kenya and South Sudan's sovereignty known as the Ilemi Triangle has been unclear since British colonial times; Kenya has administered the area since colonial times; officials from Kenya and South Sudan signed a memorandum of understanding on boundary delimitation and demarcation and agreed to set up a joint committee which launched in 2023</p> <p><em>Kenya-Tanzania</em>: maintain good relations and have no border disputes; in 2021 began a joint process to complete a modern, re-demarcation of the border</p> <p><em>Kenya-Uganda:</em> Kenya and Uganda began a joint demarcation of the boundary in 2021; Kenya and Uganda have a small, managed dispute over the small Migingo Island in Lake Victoria, although Kenya has had de facto control since 1926; the dispute has centered on the surrounding waters surrounding the island, which are known for fishing</p> <p> </p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "21,847 (Ethiopia), 5,756 (Sudan) (2023); 298,117 (Somalia), 176,776 (South Sudan), 59,384 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 8,701 (Burundi) (2024)"

11
africa/li.json
View file

@ -555,10 +555,10 @@
"text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:<br>The Liberian Senate (30 seats; members directly elected in 15 2-seat districts by simple majority vote to serve 9-year staggered terms; each district elects 1 senator and elects the second senator 3 years later, followed by a 6-year hiatus, after which the first Senate seat is up for election)<br>House of Representatives (73 seats; members directly elected in single-seat districts by simple majority vote to serve 6-year terms; eligible for a second term)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<p><br>Senate - general election held on 10 October 2023 with half the seats up for election (next to be held in October 2029)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 10 October 2023 (next to be held in October 2029)</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "Senate - general election held on 10 October 2023 with half the seats up for election (next to be held in October 2029)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 10 October 2023 (next to be held in October 2029) <p> </p>"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p><br>Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition - Collaborating Political Parties 43.3%, Congress for Democratic Change 16.6%, People's Unification Party 6.6%, Movement for Democracy and Reconstructions 3.3%, National Democratic Coalition 3.3%, National Patriotic Party 3.3%, independent 23.3%; seats by party/coalition - CPP 13, CDC 5, PUP 2, MDR 1, NDC 1, NPP 1, independent 7; composition as of February 2024 - men 27, women 3, percentage women 10%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - Coalition for Democratic Change 28.7%, Unity Party 27.3%, People's Unification Party 6.8%, Liberty Party 4.1%, Americo Liberian Party 4.1%, Movement for Democracy and Reconstruction 4.1%, Movement for Economic Empowerment 1.3%, Liberia Transformation Party 1.3%, United People's Party 1.3%, Victory for Change Party 1.3%, Liberian People's Party 1.3%, Liberia National Union 1.3%, independent 17.8%; seats by party/coalition - CDC 21, UP 20, PUP 5, LP 3, ALP 3, MDR 3, MOVEE 1, LTP 1, UPP 1, VCP 1, LPP 1, LNU 1, independent 13; composition as of Friday 2024 - men 65, women 8, percentage women 9.5%; total Parliament percentage women 10.7%</p>"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition - CPP 43.3%, CDC 16.6%, PUP 6.6%, MDR 3.3%, NDC 3.3%, NPP 3.3%, independent 23.3%; seats by party/coalition - CPP 13, CDC 5, PUP 2, MDR 1, NDC 1, NPP 1, independent 7; composition as of February 2024 - men 27, women 3, percentage women 10%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - CDC 28.7%, UP 27.3%, PUP 6.8%, LP 4.1%, ALP 4.1%, MDR 4.1%, MEE 1.3%, LTP 1.3%, UPP 1.3%, VCP 1.3%, LPP 1.3%, LNU 1.3%, independent 17.8%; seats by party/coalition - CDC 21, UP 20, PUP 5, LP 3, ALP 3, MDR 3, MOVEE 1, LTP 1, UPP 1, VCP 1, LPP 1, LNU 1, independent 13; composition as of Friday 2024 - men 65, women 8, percentage women 9.5%; total Parliament percentage women 10.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -576,7 +576,7 @@
"text": "All Liberian Party or ALP [Benoni UREY]<br>Alliance for Peace and Democracy or APD (vacant)<br>Alternative National Congress or ANC [Alexander B. CUMMINGS, JR]<br>Coalition for Democratic Change [George WEAH] (includes CDC, NPP, and LPDP)<br>Collaborating Political Parties or CPP [collective leadership] (coalition includes ANC, LP; CPP dissolved in April 2024)<br>Congress for Democratic Change or CDC [George WEAH]<br>Liberia Destiny Party or LDP [Nathaniel BARNES]<br>Liberia National Union or LINU [Dr. Clarence K. MONIBA]<br>Liberia Transformation Party or LTP [Kennedy SANDY]<br>Liberian People Democratic Party or LPDP [Alex J. TYLER]<br>Liberian People's Party or LPP [Henry FAHNBULLEH, JR] <br>Liberty Party or LP [Charles BRUMSKINE]<br>Movement for Democracy and Reconstruction or MDR [Prince Y. JOHNSON]<br>Movement for Economic Empowerment [Joseph JONES]<br>Movement for Progressive Change or MPC [Simeon FREEMAN]<br>National Democratic Coalition or NDC [Dew MAYSON]<br>National Democratic Party of Liberia or NDPL [D. Nyandeh SIEH]<br>National Patriotic Party or NPP [Jewel HOWARD TAYLOR]<br>National Reformist Party or NRP [Maximillian T. W. DIABE]<br>National Union for Democratic Progress or NUDP [Victor BARNEY]<br>People's Unification Party or PUP [Isobe GBORKORKOLLIE]<br>Unity Party or UP [Josephe BOAKAI]<br>United People's Party [MacDonald WENTO]<br>Victory for Change Party or VCP [Marcus R. JONES]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO&nbsp;"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -592,7 +592,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 723-0436"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "amb.office@liberianembassyus.org<br><br>http://www.liberianembassyus.org/"
"text": "<br>info@liberianembassyus.org<br><br>http://www.liberianembassyus.org/"
},
"consulate(s) general": {
"text": "New York"
@ -1177,9 +1177,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>not a significant transit country for illicit narcotics bound for the United States or Europe; not a key producer of illicit drugs; proximity to major drug transit routes contribute to trafficking cocaine and heroin, to and through Liberia and other West African countries; local drug use involves locally grown cannabis, heroin (mostly smoked), cocaine (snorted), and more recently kush (Cannabis Indic’s type flower), mixed with different substances including heroin or synthetic DMT</p>"
}

7
africa/lt.json
View file

@ -561,10 +561,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate (33 seats; 22 principal chiefs and 11 other senators nominated by the king with the advice of the Council of State, a 13-member body of key government and non-government officials; members serve 5-year terms)<br>National Assembly (120 seats; 80 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 40 elected through proportional representation; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<p><br>Senate - last appointed by the king in November 2022 (next to be appointed 2028)<br>National Assembly - last held on 7 October 2022 (next to be held in February 2028)</p>"
"text": "Senate - last appointed by the king in November 2022 (next to be appointed 2028)<br>National Assembly - last held on 7 October 2022 (next to be held in February 2028)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p><br>Senate - percent of votes by party - NA, seats by party - NA; composition as of February 2024 - men 25, women 8, percent age women 24.2%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of votes by party - RFP 38.9%, DC 24.7%, ABC 7.1%, BAP 5.4%, AD 4.0%, MEC 3.2%, LCD 2.3%, SR 2.1%, BNP 1.4%, PFD 0.9%, BCM 0.8%, MPS 0.8%, MIP 0.7%; seats by party - RFP 56, DC 29, ABC 8, BAP 6, AD 5, MEC 4, LCD 3, SR 2, BNP 1, PFD 1, BCM 1, MPS 1, NIP 1, HOPE 1, TBD 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 90, women 30, percentage 25%; note - total Parliament percentage women 24.8%</p>"
"text": "Senate - percent of votes by party - NA, seats by party - NA; composition as of February 2024 - men 25, women 8, percent age women 24.2%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of votes by party - RFP 38.9%, DC 24.7%, ABC 7.1%, BAP 5.4%, AD 4.0%, MEC 3.2%, LCD 2.3%, SR 2.1%, BNP 1.4%, PFD 0.9%, BCM 0.8%, MPS 0.8%, MIP 0.7%; seats by party - RFP 56, DC 29, ABC 8, BAP 6, AD 5, MEC 4, LCD 3, SR 2, BNP 1, PFD 1, BCM 1, MPS 1, NIP 1, HOPE 1, TBD 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 90, women 30, percentage 25%; note - total Parliament percentage women 24.8%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1169,8 +1169,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Lesotho-South Africa</em>: South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, as well as Mozambique and, Zimbabwe, to assist with controlling cross-border smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration</p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

7
africa/ly.json
View file

@ -523,10 +523,10 @@
"text": "unicameral House of Representatives (Majlis Al Nuwab) or HoR (200 seats including 32 reserved for women; members directly elected by majority vote; member term NA); note - the High State Council serves as an advisory group for the HoR"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 25 June 2014"
"text": "last held on 25 June 2014"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; note - only 188 of the 200 seats were filled in the June 2014 election because of boycotts and lack of security at some polling stations; some elected members of the House of Representatives also boycotted the election"
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; note - only 188 of the 200 seats were filled in the June 2014 election because of boycotts and lack of security at some polling stations; some elected members of the House of Representatives also boycotted the election"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1117,9 +1117,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Libya-Algeria:</em> while dormant, Libya has long claimed about 32,000 sq km in southeastern Algeria south of the Libyan town of Ghat  <br><br><em>Libya-Chad:</em> various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya; Libyan forces clashed with Chadian rebels in September 2021</p> <p><em>Libya-Egypt</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Libya-Niger</em>: the boundary is poorly defined but has never been disputed by either country</p> <p><em>Libya-Sudan</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Libya-Tunisia</em>: none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "11,623 (Syria) (refugees and asylum seekers), 8,302 (Eritrea) (2023); 6,293 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)"

7
africa/ma.json
View file

@ -574,10 +574,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate or Antenimierandoholona  (18 seats; 12 members indirectly elected by an electoral college of municipal, communal, regional, and provincial leaders and 6 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)<br>National Assembly or Antenimierampirenena (151 seats; 87 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 64 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 11 December 2020 (next to be held in December 2025)<br>National Assembly - last held on 27 May 2019 (next to be held on 29 May 2024)"
"text": "Senate - last held on 11 December 2020 (next to be held in December 2025)<br>National Assembly - last held on 27 May 2019 (next to be held on 29 May 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; elected seats by party - Irmar 10, Malagasy Miara Miainga 2; composition - men 17, women 1, percentage women 5.6%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party/coalition - IRD 55.6%, TIM 10.6%, independent 30.5%, other 3.3%; seats by party/coalition - IRD 84, TIM 16, independent 46, other 5; composition - men 123, women 28, percentage women 18.5%; total Parliament percentage women 10.7%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; elected seats by party - Irmar 10, Malagasy Miara Miainga 2; composition as of March 2024 - men 17, women 1, percentage women 5.6%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party/coalition - IRD 55.6%, TIM 10.6%, independent 30.5%, other 3.3%; seats by party/coalition - IRD 84, TIM 16, independent 46, other 5; composition as of March 2024 - men 123, women 28, percentage women 18.5%; total Parliament percentage women 10.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1204,9 +1204,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Madagascar-France</em>: claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, and Juan de Nova Island (all administered by France; talks with France over the claims have occurred in 1990, 2016, and 2019); the vegetated drying cays of Banc du Geyser, which were claimed by Madagascar in 1976, also fall within the EEZ claim of France</p> <p><em>Madagascar-Comoros</em>: the vegetated drying cays of Banc du Geyser, which were claimed by Madagascar in 1976, also fall within the EEZ claim of the Comoros</p>"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"tier rating": {
"text": "Tier 2 Watch List &mdash; Madagascar does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; officials identified and provided services to more victims, launched an updated National Action Plan, took steps to reduce the demand for child sex tourism, and worked with an international organization to monitor Malagasy migrant workers&rsquo; conditions in Jordan; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared with the previous year, to expand its anti-trafficking capacity; officials investigated fewer trafficking cases and did not report any prosecutions or convictions of suspected traffickers for the second consecutive year; the government did not hold complicit officials accountable nor investigate reports of officials facilitating child sex trafficking within Madagascar or labor trafficking of Malagasy workers abroad; for the third consecutive year, the government did not disburse funds to the National Office to Combat Human Trafficking, hindering nationwide progress and coordination; efforts to address internal crimes, including domestic servitude, forced begging, and child sex trafficking, remained inadequate, and officials continued to conflate human trafficking with other crimes including gender-based violence and sexual exploitation; therefore, Madagascar remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year (2023)"

7
africa/mi.json
View file

@ -594,10 +594,10 @@
"text": "unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 21 May 2019 (next to be held in May 2024)"
"text": "last held on 21 May 2019 (next to be held in May 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DPP 62, MCP 55, UDF 10, PP 5, other 5, independent 55, vacant 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 153, women 40, percentage women 20.7%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - DPP 26%, MCP 22.3%, UTM 9.9%, UDF 4.6%, PP 2.4%, ADF 0.5%, independent 33.4%; seats by party - DPP 62, MCP 56, UDF 10, UTM 4, PP 5, ADF 1, independent 55; composition as of February 2024 - men 153, women 40, percentage women 20.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1229,9 +1229,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Malawi-Mozambique</em>: the two countries have held exercises to reaffirm boundaries a number of times</p> <p><em>Malawi-Tanzania</em>: dispute with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River; Malawi contends that the entire lake up to the Tanzanian shoreline is its territory, while Tanzania claims the border is in the center of the lake; the conflict was reignited in 2012 when Malawi awarded a license to a British company for oil exploration in the lake</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "11,502 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,594 (Rwanda) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023); 34,605 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers)"

11
africa/ml.json
View file

@ -600,10 +600,10 @@
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members directly elected in single and multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; 13 seats reserved for citizens living abroad; members serve 5-year terms)<br><br>note 1 - the National Assembly was dissolved on 18 August 2020 following a military coup and the resignation of President KEITA; the transition government created a National Transition Council (CNT) whose 121 members were selected by then transition Vice President Assimi GOITA; the CNT acts as the transitional government's legislative body, with Malick DIAW serving as the president; in February 2022, the CNT increased the number of seats to 147, but some of the additional seats have not yet been filled<br><br>note 2 - passage of a constitutional referendum held on 18 June 2023 calls for the creation of a \"Senate\""
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 30 March and 19 April 2020; note - following the dissolution of the National Assembly in August 2020 and the ratification of a new constitution in July 2023 expanding the powers of the military junta, no plans for legislative elections have been announced"
"text": "last held on 30 March and 19 April 2020; note - following the dissolution of the National Assembly in August 2020 and the ratification of a new constitution in July 2023 expanding the powers of the military junta, no plans for legislative elections have been announced"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - NA"
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - NA"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -618,7 +618,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<p>African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO]<br>Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP-Maliba [Amadou THIAM]<br>Alliance for Democracy in Mali-Pan-African Party for Liberty, Solidarity, and Justice or ADEMA-PASJ [Tiemoko SANGARE]<br>Alliance for the Solidarity of Mali-Convergence of Patriotic Forces or ASMA-CFP [Amadou CISSE, vice-president, acting]<br>Convergence for the Development of Mali or CODEM [Housseyni Amion GUINDO]<br>Democratic Alliance for Peace or ADP-Maliba [Aliou Boubacar DIALLO]<br>Movement for Mali or MPM [Brahima DIANESSY, deputy]                                                                                           <br>Party for National Renewal (also Rebirth or Renaissance or PARENA) [Tiebile DRAME]<br>Rally for Mali or RPM [Boucary TRETA] <br>Social Democratic Convention or CDS [Mamadou Bakary \"Blaise\" SANGARE]<br>Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Hassane BARRY]                                             <br>Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Soumaïla CISSE]<br>Yéléma [Moussa MARA]</p> <strong>note 1: </strong>only parties with 2 or more seats in the last National Assembly parliamentary elections (30 March and 19 April 2020) listed<br><strong><br>note 2:</strong>  the National Assembly was dissolved on 18 August 2020 following a military coup and replaced with a National Transition Council; currently 121 members, party affiliations unknown"
"text": "<p>African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO]<br>Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP-Maliba [Amadou THIAM]<br>Alliance for Democracy in Mali-Pan-African Party for Liberty, Solidarity, and Justice or ADEMA-PASJ [Tiemoko SANGARE]<br>Alliance for the Solidarity of Mali-Convergence of Patriotic Forces or ASMA-CFP [Amadou CISSE, vice-president, acting]<br>Convergence for the Development of Mali or CODEM [Housseyni Amion GUINDO]<br>Democratic Alliance for Peace or ADP-Maliba [Aliou Boubacar DIALLO]<br>Movement for Mali or MPM [Brahima DIANESSY, deputy]                                                                                           <br>Party for National Renewal (also Rebirth or Renaissance or PARENA) [Tiebile DRAME]<br>Rally for Mali or RPM [Boucary TRETA] <br>Social Democratic Convention or CDS [Mamadou Bakary \"Blaise\" SANGARE]<br>Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Hassane BARRY]                                             <br>Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Soumaïla CISSE]<br>Yéléma [Moussa MARA]</p> <strong>note 1: </strong>only parties with 2 or more seats in the last National Assembly parliamentary elections (30 March and 19 April 2020) included<br><strong><br>note 2:</strong>  the National Assembly was dissolved on 18 August 2020 following a military coup and replaced with a National Transition Council; currently 121 members, party affiliations unknown"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU (suspended), CD, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSCA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOPS, UN Women, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, World Bank Group, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@
"text": "<strong>note: </strong>until announcing its withdrawal in May of 2022, Mali was part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mauritania, and Niger; Mali had committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the FAMa is responsible for defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory, but also has some domestic security duties, including the maintenance of public order and support to law enforcement if required, as well as counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations; it also participates in socio-economic development projects; the military has traditionally played a large role in Mali’s politics; prior to the coup in August 2020 and military takeover in May 2021, it had intervened in the political arena at least five times since the country gained independence in 1960; two attempts failed (1976 and 1978), while three succeeded in overturning civilian rule (1968, 1991, and 2012)<br><br>the FAMa and other security forces are actively engaged in operations against several insurgent/terrorist groups affiliated with al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), as well as other rebel groups, communal militias, and criminal bands spread across the central, northern, and southern regions of the country; the government is reportedly in control of only an estimated 10-20% of the country's central and northern territories, and attacks are increasing in the more heavily populated south, including around the capital Bamako; the Macina Liberation Front (FLM), part of the Jama’at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM) coalition of al-Qa'ida-linked terror groups, has played a large role in a surge in violence in Mali’s central and southern regions; in the north, ISIS in the Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) has regained strength in recent years<br><br>the FAMa and the remainder of the security forces collapsed in 2012 during the fighting against Tuareg rebels and Islamic militants and have since been rebuilt with considerable external assistance, including the EU, France, and the UN; for example, the EU Training Mission in Mali (EUTM) from 2013-2022 trained as many as 15,000 Malian soldiers and eight combined arms battalions/battlegroups (Groupement Tactique InterArmes, GTIA), each of which was structured to be self-sufficient with its own motorized/mechanized infantry, light armor, commandos, artillery, engineers, and other support forces; EUTM suspended its training program in 2022, citing issues with the ruling military government, including human rights abuses and the presence of Russian private military contractors; over the same period, the French military provided considerable assistance to the Malian security forces and conducted counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations in Mali; the French suspended operations in 2021 and in August 2022 withdrew the last of its forces while also citing issues with the military government; the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) had operated in the country since 2013 with the mission of providing security, rebuilding Malian security forces, protecting civilians, supporting national political dialogue, and assisting in the reestablishment of Malian government authority; however, in June 2023, the UN Security Council voted to end the MINUSMA mission after the ruling junta demanded the withdrawal of foreign forces and aligned itself closer to Russia; the MINUSMA mission officially ended on 11 December 2023, although a liquidation phase involving activities such as handing over remaining equipment to local authorities will stretch into 2024<br> <br>in addition to the EU-trained GTIAs, the Army has commandos and special forces, as well as recently created motorcycle-mounted reconnaissance units; the Air Force has small numbers of combat aircraft and helicopters, as well as a few armed UAVs; the Gendarmerie and National Guard field company-sized paramilitary units, including camel-mounted forces in the National Guard; they also have special anti-terrorism and intervention forces<br><br>the military government has increased security ties with Russia; Russia has provided military equipment, and in December 2021, Mali contracted with a Russian private military company to provide training for local armed forces and security to senior Malian officials; the contractors have also participated in security operations and been accused of war crimes; as of 2023, there were an estimated 1,000 Russian military contractors in Mali (2023)"
"text": "the FAMa is responsible for defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory, but also has some domestic security duties, including the maintenance of public order and support to law enforcement if required, as well as counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations; it also participates in socio-economic development projects; the military has traditionally played a large role in Mali’s politics; prior to the coup in August 2020 and military takeover in May 2021, it had intervened in the political arena at least five times since the country gained independence in 1960 (1968, 1976, 1978, 1991, 2012)<br><br>the FAMa and other security forces are actively engaged in operations against several insurgent/terrorist groups affiliated with al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), as well as other rebel groups, communal militias, and criminal bands spread across the central, northern, and southern regions of the country; the government is reportedly in control of only an estimated 10-20% of the country's central and northern territories, and attacks have increased in the more heavily populated south, including around the capital Bamako; the Macina Liberation Front (FLM), part of the Jama’at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM) coalition of al-Qa'ida-linked terror groups, has played a large role in a surge in violence in Mali’s central and southern regions; in the north, ISIS in the Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) has regained strength in recent years<br> <p>the FAMa and the remainder of the security forces collapsed in 2012 during the fighting against Tuareg rebels and Islamic militants and have since been rebuilt with considerable external assistance, including the EU, France, and the UN; for example, the EU Training Mission in Mali (EUTM) from 2013-2022 trained as many as 15,000 Malian soldiers and eight combined arms battalions/battlegroups (Groupement Tactique InterArmes, GTIA), each of which was structured to be self-sufficient with its own motorized/mechanized infantry, light armor, commandos, artillery, engineers, and other support forces; the EUTM and the French military ended their missions in 2022 citing issues with the ruling military government, including human rights abuses and the presence of Russian private military contractors; the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) operated in the country from 2013-2023 with the mission of providing security, rebuilding Malian security forces, protecting civilians, supporting national political dialogue, and assisting in the reestablishment of Malian government authority; MINUSMA had more than 15,000 personnel at its peak strength and lost over 300 peacekeepers during the course of the mission, which was concluded at the end of 2023 after the ruling junta demanded the withdrawal of foreign forces</p> in addition to the EU-trained GTIAs, the Army has commandos and special forces, as well as motorcycle-mounted reconnaissance units; the Air Force has small numbers of combat aircraft, helicopters, and armed drones; the Gendarmerie and National Guard field company-sized paramilitary units, including camel-mounted forces in the National Guard; they also have special anti-terrorism and intervention forces<br><br>the military government has increased security ties with Russia; Russia has provided military equipment, and in December 2021, Mali contracted with a Russian private military company to provide training and other support for local armed forces, as well as security for senior Malian officials (2024)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
@ -1228,9 +1228,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Mali-Burkina Faso</em>: demarcation is underway with Burkina Faso</p> <p> </p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "29,138 (Burkina Faso) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,617 (Niger) (refugees and asylum seekers), 14,956 (Mauritania) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)"

7
africa/mo.json
View file

@ -607,10 +607,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>House of Councillors or Majlis al-Mustacharine (120 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college of local councils, professional organizations, and labor unions; members serve 6-year terms)<br>House of Representatives or Majlis al-Nuwab (395 seats; 305 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 90 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - 60 seats reserved for women and 30 seats for those under age 40 in regional multi-seat constituencies, with the seats divided proportionally among the 12 regions by population size of the region"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>House of Councillors - last held on 5 October 2021 (next to be held by 31 October 2027)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 8 September 2021 (next to be held by 30 September 2026)"
"text": "House of Councillors - last held on 5 October 2021 (next to be held by 31 October 2027)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 8 September 2021 (next to be held by 30 September 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>House of Councillors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RNI 27, PAM 19, PI 17, MP 12, USFP 8, UGIM 6, CDT 3, PJD 3, UC 2, UMT 2, Amal 1, FDT 1, MDS 1, PRD 1, independent 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 106, women 14, percentage women 11.7%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party NA; seats by party - RNI 102, PAM 87, PI 81, USFP 34, MP 28, PPS 22, UC 18, PJD 13, MDS 5, other 5; composition as of February 2024 - men 299, women 96, percentage women 24.3%; total Parliament percentage women 21.4%"
"text": "House of Councillors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RNI 27, PAM 19, PI 17, MP 12, USFP 8, UGIM 6, CDT 3, PJD 3, UC 2, UMT 2, Amal 1, FDT 1, MDS 1, PRD 1, independent 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 106, women 14, percentage women 11.7%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party NA; seats by party - RNI 102, PAM 87, PI 81, USFP 34, MP 28, PPS 22, UC 18, PJD 13, MDS 5, other 5; composition as of February 2024 - men 299, women 96, percentage women 24.3%; total Parliament percentage women 21.4%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1285,9 +1285,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Morocco-Algeria</em>: Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling</p> <p><em>Morocco-Mauritania</em>: tensions arose in 2016 when Mauritanian soldiers were deployed to Lagouira, a city in the southernmost part of Morocco, and raised their flag</p> <p><em>Morocco-Spain</em>: Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera, the islands of Penon de Alhucemas and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island); discussions have not progressed on a comprehensive maritime delimitation, setting limits on resource exploration and refugee interdiction, since Morocco's 2002 rejection of Spain's unilateral designation of a median line from the Canary Islands; Morocco serves as one of the primary launching areas of illegal migration into Spain from North Africa</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "5,250 (Syria) (mid-year 2022)"

7
africa/mp.json
View file

@ -530,10 +530,10 @@
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (70 seats maximum; 62 members directly elected multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and up to 8 seats allocated to non-elected party candidates by the Office of Electoral Commissioner; members serve a 5-year term)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 7 November 2019 (next to be held by late 2024)"
"text": "last held on&nbsp;7&nbsp;November 2019&nbsp;(next to be held by late&nbsp;2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - Mauritian Alliance 2019 (MSM, ML, MAG, and PM) 37.7%, National Alliance (PTR, PMSD, and MJCB) 32.8%, MMM 20.6%, OPR 1%, other 7.9%; seats by party - MSM 38, PTR 14, MMM 8, OPR 2; composition as of February 2024 - men 56, women 14, percentage women 20% (2019)"
"text": "percent of vote by party - Mauritian Alliance 2019 (MSM, ML, MAG, and PM) 37.7%, National Alliance (PTR, PMSD, and MJCB) 32.8%, MMM 20.6%, OPR 1%, other 7.9%; seats by party - MSM 38, PTR 14, MMM 8, OPR 2; composition as of February 2024 - men 56, women 14, percentage women 20% (2019)"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1143,9 +1143,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Mauritius-France</em>: Mauritius has claimed French-administered Tromelin Island (part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands) since 1976<br><br><em>Mauritius-UK</em>: Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Islands (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory)</p>"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"tier rating": {
"text": "Tier 2 Watch List &mdash; Mauritius does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; these efforts included partnering with an international organization to adopt standard operating procedures for victim identification and referral, enhancing screening for trafficking indicators during labor inspections, and adopting a 2022-2026 National Action Plan; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared with the previous reporting period, to expand its anti-trafficking capacity; officials did not prosecute any suspected traffickers, did not convict any traffickers, nor report initiating any investigations for the second consecutive year; the government provided minimal services to victims and did not identify any victims for the third consecutive year; officials continued to compel some adult foreign victims to participate in criminal proceedings using threats of deportation and arrest; police regularly investigated potential trafficking cases as other crimes, and prosecutors routinely pursued lesser offenses with lesser penalties in cases initially investigated as trafficking; courts continued to provide lenient sentences to first-time offenders, weakening deterrence; therefore, Mauritius was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (2023)"

9
africa/mr.json
View file

@ -598,10 +598,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Parliament or Barlamane consists of the National Assembly or Al Jamiya Al Wataniya (176 seats statutory; 88 members filled from one or two seat constituencies elected by a two-round majority system and the other 88 members filled from a single, nationwide constituency directly elected by proportional representation vote); 20 seats are reserved for women candidates in the nationwide constituency, 11 seats are reserved for young candidates (aged between 25 and 35), and 4 members directly elected by the diaspora; all members serve 5-year terms"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 13 May 2023 with a second round on 27 May 2023 (next to be held in May 2028)"
"text": "last held on 13 May 2023 with a second round on 27 May 2023 (next to be held in May 2028)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - El Insaf 107, Tawassoul 11, UDP 10, FRUD 7, El Islah 6, AND 6, El Karama 5, Nida Al-Watan 5, Sawab 5, AJD/MR 4, HIWAR 3, HATEM 3, El Vadila 2, UPC 1, Hakam 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 135, women 41, percentage women 23.3%"
"text": "National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - El Insaf 107, Tawassoul 11, UDP 10, FRUD 7, El Islah 6, AND 6, El Karama 5, Nida Al-Watan 5, Sawab 5, AJD/MR 4, HIWAR 3, HATEM 3, El Vadila 2, UPC 1, Hakam 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 135, women 41, percentage women 23.3%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the early parliamentary elections in 2023 were the first to be held under President Mohamed Ould Cheikh El GHAZOUANI, elected in 2019 in the first peaceful transition of power; the elections followed the agreement between the government and parties in September 2022 to renew the Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI) and hold the elections in the first semester of 2023 for climatic and logistical reasons"
},
@ -617,7 +617,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alliance for Justice and Democracy/Movement for Renewal or AJD/MR [Ibrahima Moctar SARR]<br>El Insaf or Equity Party [Mohamed Melainine Ould EYIH]<br>El Islah or Reform Party [Mohamed Ould TALEBNA]<br>El Karama or Dignity Party [Cheikhna Ould Mohamed Ould HAJBOU]<br>El Vadila or Virtue Party [Ethmane Ould Cheikh Ahmed Eboul MEALY]<br>Mauritanian Party of Union and Change or HATEM [Saleh Ould HANENNA]<br>National Democratic Alliance or AND [Yacoub Ould MOINE]<br>National Rally for Reform and Development or RNRD or TAWASSOUL [Hamadi Ould Sidi MOKHTAR]<br>Nida El-Watan [Daoud Ould Ahmed AICHA]<br>Party for Conciliation and Prosperity or HIWAR [Valle Mint Mini]<br>Party of the Mauritanian Masses or Hakam [El Khalil Ould ENNAHOUI]<br>Republican Front for Unity and Democracy or FRUD [Kadiata Malick DIALLO]<br>Sawab Party [Ahmed Salem Ould HORMA]<br>Union for Democracy and Progress or UDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS]<br>Union of Planning and Construction or UPC [Qari Ould Mohamed ABDALLAHI]"
"text": "Alliance for Justice and Democracy/Movement for Renewal or AJD/MR [Ibrahima Moctar SARR]<br>El Insaf or Equity Party [Mohamed Melainine Ould EYIH]<br>El Islah or Reform Party [Mohamed Ould TALEBNA]<br>El Karama or Dignity Party [Cheikhna Ould Mohamed Ould HAJBOU]<br>El Vadila or Virtue Party [Ethmane Ould Cheikh Ahmed Eboul MEALY]<br>Mauritanian Party of Union and Change or HATEM [Saleh Ould HANENNA]<br>National Democratic Alliance or AND [Yacoub Ould MOINE]<br>National Rally for Reform and Development or RNRD or TAWASSOUL [Hamadi Ould Sidi MOKHTAR]<br>Nida El-Watan [Daoud Ould Ahmed AICHA]<br>Party for Conciliation and Prosperity or HIWAR [Valle Mint MINI]<br>Party of the Mauritanian Masses or Hakam [El Khalil Ould ENNAHOUI]<br>Republican Front for Unity and Democracy or FRUD [Kadiata Malick DIALLO]<br>Sawab Party [Ahmed Salem Ould HORMA]<br>Union for Democracy and Progress or UDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS]<br>Union of Planning and Construction or UPC [Qari Ould Mohamed ABDALLAHI]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AIIB, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1243,9 +1243,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Mauritania-Algeria</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Mauritania-Mali</em>: there are no border disputes, but the border has not been demarcated; talks on demarcation were reportedly being held in February 2022</p> <p><em>Mauritania-Morocco</em>: Mauritanian claims to Western Sahara remain dormant; tensions arose in 2016 when Mauritanian soldiers were deployed to Lagouira, a city in the southernmost part of Morocco, and raised their flag</p> <p><em>Mauritania-Senegal</em>: none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "26,000 (Sahrawis) (2021); 104,080 (Mali) (2023)"

7
africa/mz.json
View file

@ -587,7 +587,7 @@
"text": "unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; 248 members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote and 2 members representing Mozambicans abroad directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 15 October 2019 (next to be held on 9 October 2024)"
"text": "last held on 15 October 2019 (next to be held on 9 October 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - FRELIMO 71%, RENAMO 23%, MDM 4%; seats by party - FRELIMO 184, RENAMO 60, MDM 6; composition as of February 2024 - men 142, women 108, percentage women 43.2%"
@ -605,7 +605,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM [vacant]<br>Liberation Front of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Filipe NYUSI]<br>Mozambican National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Ossufo MOMADE]<br><br><strong>note:</strong> only parties with seats in the legislature listed"
"text": "Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM [vacant]<br>Liberation Front of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Filipe NYUSI]<br>Mozambican National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Ossufo MOMADE]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNEP,&nbsp; UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, Union Latina, UPU, WCO, WFP, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1249,9 +1249,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Mozambique-Eswatini</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Mozambique-Malawi</em>:  the two countries have held exercises to reaffirm boundaries a number of times</p> <p><em>Mozambique-South Africa</em>: South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration</p> <p><em>Mozambique-Tanzania</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Mozambique-Zambia</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Mozambique-Zimbabwe</em>: none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "10,655 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023); 9,340 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)"

15
africa/ng.json
View file

@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
"text": "Hausa, Zarma, French (official), Fufulde, Tamashek, Kanuri, Gurmancema, Tagdal<br><br><strong>note:</strong> represents the most-spoken languages; Niger has 10 national languages: Arabic, Buduma, Fulfuldé, Guimancema, Hausa, Kanuri, Sonay-Zarma, Tamajaq, Tassawaq, and Tubu"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Muslim 99.3%, Christian 0.3%, animist 0.2%, none 0.1% (2012 est.)"
"text": "Muslim 99.1%, Christian 0.8%, animist and other 0.1% (2017 est.)"
},
"Demographic profile": {
"text": "<p>Niger has the highest total fertility rate (TFR) of any country in the world, averaging close to 7 children per woman in 2022. A slight decline in fertility over the last few decades has stalled. This leveling off of the high fertility rate is in large part a product of the continued desire for large families. In Niger, the TFR is lower than the desired fertility rate, which makes it unlikely that contraceptive use will increase. The high TFR sustains rapid population growth and a large youth population – almost 70% of the populace is under the age of 25, as of 2020. Gender inequality, including a lack of educational opportunities for women and early marriage and childbirth, also contributes to high population growth.</p> <p>Because of large family sizes, children are inheriting smaller and smaller parcels of land. The dependence of most Nigeriens on subsistence farming on increasingly small landholdings, coupled with declining rainfall and the resultant shrinkage of arable land, are all preventing food production from keeping up with population growth.</p> <p>For more than half a century, Niger's lack of economic development has led to steady net outmigration. In the 1960s, Nigeriens mainly migrated to coastal West African countries to work on a seasonal basis. Some headed to Libya and Algeria in the 1970s to work in the booming oil industry until its decline in the 1980s. Since the 1990s, the principal destinations for Nigerien labor migrants have been West African countries, especially Burkina Faso and Cote d’Ivoire, while emigration to Europe and North America has remained modest. During the same period, Niger’s desert trade route town Agadez became a hub for West African and other Sub-Saharan migrants crossing the Sahara to North Africa and sometimes onward to Europe.</p> <p>More than 60,000 Malian refugees have fled to Niger since violence between Malian government troops and armed rebels began in early 2012. Ongoing attacks by the Boko Haram Islamist insurgency, dating to 2013 in northern Nigeria and February 2015 in southeastern Niger, pushed tens of thousands of Nigerian refugees and Nigerien returnees across the border to Niger and displaced thousands of locals in Niger’s already impoverished Diffa region.</p>"
@ -589,10 +589,10 @@
"text": "the CNSP dissolved the unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (171 statutory seats - 166 currently; 158 members directly elected from 8 multi-member constituencies in 7 regions and Niamey by party-list proportional representation, 8 reserved for minorities elected in special single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 5 seats reserved for Nigeriens living abroad - l seat per continent - elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms) as part of the 26 July 2023 military coup"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 27 December 2020 (prior to the military coup, next elections were to be held in December 2025)"
"text": "last held on 27 December 2020 (prior to the military coup, next elections were to be held in December 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - PNDS-Tarrayya 37%, MODEN/FA Lumana 8.7%, MPR-Jamhuriya 7.6%, MNSD-Nassara 6.8%,  RDR-Tchanji 4.4%, CPR-Inganci 4.2%, MPN-Kishin Kassa 4%, PJP Generation Dubara 2.9%, ANDP Zaman Lahya 2.5%, RPP Farrilla 2.1%, ARD Adaltchi-Mutuntchi 1.7%, AMEN AMIN 1.4%, MDEN Falala 1.4%, other 15.3%; seats by party - PNDS-Tarrayya 79, MODEN/FA Lumana 19, MPR-Jamhuriya 14, MNSD-Nassara 13, CPR-Inganci 8, MPN-Kishin Kassa 6, ANDP-Zaman Lahiya 3, RPP Farrilla 2, PJP Generation Dubara 2, ARD Adaltchi-Mutuntchi 2, AMEN AMIN 2, other 16; composition - men 115, women 51, percentage women 30.7%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - PNDS-Tarrayya 37%, MODEN/FA Lumana 8.7%, MPR-Jamhuriya 7.6%, MNSD-Nassara 6.8%,&nbsp; RDR-Tchanji 4.4%, CPR-Inganci 4.2%, MPN-Kishin Kassa 4%, PJP Generation Dubara 2.9%, ANDP Zaman Lahya 2.5%, RPP Farrilla 2.1%, ARD Adaltchi-Mutuntchi 1.7%, AMEN AMIN 1.4%, MDEN Falala 1.4%, other 15.3%; seats by party - PNDS-Tarrayya 79, MODEN/FA Lumana 19, MPR-Jamhuriya 14, MNSD-Nassara 13, CPR-Inganci 8, MPN-Kishin Kassa 6, ANDP-Zaman Lahiya 3, RPP Farrilla 2, PJP Generation Dubara 2, ARD Adaltchi-Mutuntchi 2, AMEN AMIN 2, other 16; composition as of December 2022 - men 115, women 51, percentage women 30.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -608,7 +608,7 @@
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<p>Alliance for Democracy and the Republic<br>Alliance for Democratic Renewal or ARD-Adaltchi-Mutuntchi [Laouan MAGAGI] <br>Alliance of Movements for the Emergence of Niger or AMEN AMIN [Omar Hamidou TCHIANA]<br>Congress for the Republic or CPR-Inganci [Maradi Kassoum MOCTAR]<br>Democratic Alternation for Equity in Niger<br>Democratic and Republican Renewal-RDR-Tchanji [Mahamane OUSMANE]<br>Democratic Movement for the Emergence of Niger Falala [Tidjani Idrissa ABDOULKADRI]<br>Democratic Patriots' Rally or RPD Bazara [Yahouza SADISSOU]<br>National Movement for the Development of Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Seini OUMAROU]<br>Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya [Moussa Hassane BARAZE]<br>Nigerien Democratic Movement for an African Federation or MODEN/FA Lumana [Tahirou SAIDOU]<br>Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya [Pierre Foumakoye GADO]<br>Nigerien Patriotic Movement or MPN-Kishin Kassa [Ibrahim YACOUBA]<br>Nigerien Rally for Democracy and Peace<br>Patriotic Movement for the Republic or MPR-Jamhuriya [Albade ABOUBA]<br>Peace, Justice, Progress–Generation Doubara<br>Rally for Democracy and Progress-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]<br>Rally for Peace and Progress or RPP Farilla [Alma OUMAROU]<br>Social Democratic Rally or RSD-Gaskiyya [Amadou CHEIFFOU]<br>Social Democratic Party or PSD-Bassira [Sanoussi MAREINI]</p>",
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>only parties with seats in the previous National Assembly are listed; National Assembly was dissolved after the 26 July 2023 military coup"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> National Assembly was dissolved after the 26 July 2023 military coup"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU (suspended), CD, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MINUSCA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1201,10 +1201,10 @@
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for selective compulsory or voluntary military service for unmarried men and women; 24-month service term (2023)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "<strong>note: </strong>Niger also has committed about 1,000 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically"
"text": "Niger has committed about 1,000 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "while the FAN is responsible for ensuring external security, most of its focus is on internal counterinsurgency/counterterrorism operations against terrorist groups operating in the areas bordering Burkina Faso, Libya, Mali, and Nigeria, as well as much of northern Niger and the Diffa and Lake Chad regions; these groups include the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) in the Greater Sahara, Boko Haram, ISIS-West Africa, and Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM)<br><br>the FAN is a lightly armed, but experienced military; it has conducted training and combat operations with foreign partners, including the French and US; the EU has also provided security assistance, particularly to the GN, GNN, and the National Police; the FAN also conducts counterterrorism operations with the G5 Sahel Group and the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), which coordinates the Lake Chad states’ operations against Boko Haram; it conducted counterinsurgency operations against Taureg rebels during the periods of 1990-95 and 2007-09<br><br>in recent years, Niger has focused on making its security services more mobile to improve their effectiveness in countering terrorism and protecting the country’s borders; with training support and material assistance from the US and the EU, each security service has created new units or reconfigured existing units with an emphasis on mobility, hybridization, and specialized training; since the 2010s, the Army has created a special operations command, several special intervention battalions, and an anti-terrorism unit known as the 1st Expeditionary Force of Niger (EFoN); the GN has created mobile units modeled on European gendarmerie forces known as the Rapid Action Group—Surveillance and Response in the Sahel (Groupe d'action Rapides—Surveillance et Intervention au Sahel or GAR-SI Sahel); the GNN has developed mobile Multipurpose Squadrons (Escadrons Polyvalentes de la Garde Nationale de Niger or EP-GNN), while the National Police have created Mobile Border Control Companies (Compagnie Mobile de Contrôle des Frontières or CMCF); Niger has also established training centers for special forces in Tillia and peacekeeping in Ouallam; meanwhile, the Air Force has received a few armed UAVs from Turkey<br><br>the Army was established in 1960 from French colonial forces, while the Air Force was formed as the Niger National Escadrille in 1961; the GN received its first Nigerien commander in 1962; since its establishment, Niger’s military has played a significant role in the country’s politics, conducting successful coups in 1974, 1996, 1999, and 2010, and ruling Niger for much of the period before 1999; it seized control of the government again in 2023 (2023)"
"text": "while the FAN is responsible for ensuring external security, most of its focus is on internal counterinsurgency/counterterrorism operations against terrorist groups operating in the areas bordering Burkina Faso, Libya, Mali, and Nigeria, as well as much of northern Niger and the Diffa and Lake Chad regions; these groups include the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) in the Greater Sahara, Boko Haram, ISIS-West Africa, and Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM)<br><br>the FAN is a lightly armed, but experienced military; it has conducted training and combat operations with foreign partners, including the French and US; the EU has also provided security assistance, particularly to the Gendarmerie (GN), National Guard (GNN), and the National Police; the FAN also conducts counterterrorism operations with the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), which coordinates the Lake Chad states’ operations against Boko Haram; it conducted counterinsurgency operations against Taureg rebels during the periods of 1990-95 and 2007-09<br><br>in recent years, Niger has focused on making its security services more mobile to improve their effectiveness in countering terrorism and protecting the country’s borders; with training support and material assistance from the US and the EU, each security service has created new units or reconfigured existing units with an emphasis on mobility, hybridization, and specialized training; since the 2010s, the Army has created a special operations command, several special intervention battalions, and an anti-terrorism unit known as the 1st Expeditionary Force of Niger (EFoN); the GN has created mobile units modeled on European gendarmerie forces known as the Rapid Action Group—Surveillance and Response in the Sahel (Groupe d'action Rapides—Surveillance et Intervention au Sahel or GAR-SI Sahel); the GNN has developed mobile Multipurpose Squadrons (Escadrons Polyvalentes de la Garde Nationale de Niger or EP-GNN), while the National Police have created Mobile Border Control Companies (Compagnie Mobile de Contrôle des Frontières or CMCF); Niger has also established training centers for special forces in Tillia and peacekeeping in Ouallam; meanwhile, the Air Force has received a few armed UAVs from Turkey<br><br>the Army was established in 1960 from French colonial forces, while the Air Force was formed as the Niger National Escadrille in 1961; the GN received its first Nigerien commander in 1962; since its establishment, Niger’s military has played a significant role in the country’s politics, conducting coups in 1974, 1996, 1999, and 2010, and ruling Niger for much of the period before 1999; it seized control of the government again in 2023 (2023)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
@ -1214,9 +1214,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Niger-Benin-Nigeria</em>: location of Niger-Benin-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved</p> <p><em>Niger-Burkina Faso</em>: the dispute with Burkina Faso was referred to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2010; the ICJ ruled in 2013 that 786 sq km should go to Burkina Faso and 277 sq km to Niger; the ruling was implemented in 2015 and 2016, with Burkina Faso gaining 14 towns and Niger 4</p> <p><em>Niger-Cameroon-Nigeria</em>: only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty that also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries</p> <p><em>Niger-Libya</em>: Libya claims about 25,000 sq km in a currently dormant dispute in the Tummo region</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "67,191 (Mali) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023); 200,423 (Nigeria) (2024)"

9
africa/ni.json
View file

@ -586,10 +586,10 @@
"text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:<br>Senate (109 seats - 3 each for the 36 states and 1 for Abuja-Federal Capital Territory; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)<br>House of Representatives (360 seats statutory, 258 current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 25 February 2023 (next to be held in February 2027)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 25 February 2023 (next to be held in February 2027) <p> </p>"
"text": "Senate - last held on 25 February 2023 (next to be held in February 2027)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 25 February 2023 (next to be held in February 2027) <p> </p>"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><em><br></em></em>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 59, PDP 36, LP 8, NNPP 2, SDP 2, YPP 1, APGA 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 105, women 4, percentage women 3.7%<em><em><br><br></em></em>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 178, PDP 114, LP 35, NNPP 19, APGA 5, other 7, vacant 2; composition as of February 2024 - men 344, women 14, percentage women 3.8%; note - total National Assembly percentage women 3.9% <p> </p>"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 59, PDP 36, LP 8, NNPP 2, SDP 2, YPP 1, APGA 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 105, women 4, percentage women 3.7%<em><em><br><br></em></em>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 178, PDP 114, LP 35, NNPP 19, APGA 5, other 7, vacant 2; composition as of February 2024 - men 344, women 14, percentage women 3.8%; note - total National Assembly percentage women 3.9% <p> </p>"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), a regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africa’s largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army is organized into eight divisions comprised of a diverse mix of more than 20 combat brigades, including airborne infantry, amphibious infantry, armor, artillery, light infantry, mechanized and motorized infantry, and special operations forces; there is also a presidential guard brigade; the Army typically organizes into battalion- and brigade-sized task forces for operations; the Air Force has a few squadrons of fighters, ground attack fighters, armed UAVs, and attack helicopter squadrons primarily for supporting the Army<br><br>the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs--locally referred to as bandits--and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwestern Nigeria are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths)<br><br>meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and a few corvettes or offshore patrol ships<br><br>the Nigerian military traces its origins to the Nigeria Regiment of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81st and 82nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; in 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the RWAFF was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces (NMF) and in 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over control of the NMF from the British War Office; the Nigerian Armed Forces were established following independence in 1960 (2023)"
"text": "the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africa’s largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army is organized into eight divisions comprised of a diverse mix of more than 20 combat brigades, including airborne infantry, amphibious infantry, armor, artillery, light infantry, mechanized and motorized infantry, and special operations forces; there is also a presidential guard brigade; the Army typically organizes into battalion- and brigade-sized task forces for operations; the Air Force has a few squadrons of fighters, ground attack fighters, armed UAVs, and attack helicopter squadrons primarily for supporting the Army<br><br>the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs--locally referred to as bandits--and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwestern Nigeria are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths)<br><br>meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships include a frigate and a few corvettes or offshore patrol ships<br><br>the Nigerian military traces its origins to the Nigeria Regiment of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81st and 82nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; in 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the RWAFF was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces (NMF) and in 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over control of the NMF from the British War Office; the Nigerian Armed Forces were established following independence in 1960 (2023)"
}
},
"Space": {
@ -1282,9 +1282,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Nigeria-Benin</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Nigeria-Cameroon</em>: Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phaseout of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; demarcation of the Bakassi Peninsula and adjoining border areas should be finalized in 2022; as Lake Chad’s evaporation exposed dry land, only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries</p> <p><em>Nigeria-Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea</em>: the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation</p> <p><em>Nigeria-Niger</em>: none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "89,045 (Cameroon) (2023)"

7
africa/od.json
View file

@ -499,7 +499,7 @@
"text": "Council of States - pending establishment as stipulated by the 2018 peace deal<br>Transitional National Legislative Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - 332 SPLM, 128 SPLM-IO, 90 other political parties; composition - NA"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SPLM 20, unknown 30; composition - men 44, women 6, percent of women 12%<br><br>National Legislative Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SPLM 251, DCP 10, independent 6, unknown 133; composition - men 291, women 109, percent of women 27.3%; note - total National Legislature percent of women 25.6%"
"text": "Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SPLM 20, unknown 30; composition as of February 2024 - men 57, women 27, percentage women 32.1%<br><br>National Legislative Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SPLM 251, DCP 10, independent 6, unknown 133; composition - men 372, women 178, percentage women 32.4%; total National Legislature percentage women 32.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -515,7 +515,7 @@
"note": "Note: in mid-2022, the Government of South Sudan inaugurated an Ad-hoc Judiciary Committee, a 12-member body led by two eminent jurists, which is charged with reviewing relevant laws, advising on judicial reform and restructuring of the judiciary"
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<p>Democratic Change or DC<br>Democratic Forum or DF<br>Labour Party or LPSS [Federico Awi VUNI]<br>South Sudan Opposition Alliance or SSOA [Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii]<br>Sudan African National Union or SANU [Toby MADOUT]<br>Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM [Salva KIIR Mayardit]<br>Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-In Opposition or SPLM-IO [Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon]<br>United Democratic Salvation Front or UDSF    <br>United South Sudan African Party or USSAP [Louis Pasquale ALEU, Secretary]<br>United South Sudan Party or USSP [Paulino LUKUDU Obede]     </p> <strong>note:</strong> only parties with seats in the Transitional National Legislative Assembly included"
"text": "<p>Democratic Change or DC<br>Democratic Forum or DF<br>Labour Party or LPSS [Federico Awi VUNI]<br>South Sudan Opposition Alliance or SSOA [Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii]<br>Sudan African National Union or SANU [Toby MADOUT]<br>Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM [Salva KIIR Mayardit]<br>Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-In Opposition or SPLM-IO [Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon]<br>United Democratic Salvation Front or UDSF    <br>United South Sudan African Party or USSAP [Louis Pasquale ALEU, Secretary]<br>United South Sudan Party or USSP [Paulino LUKUDU Obede]</p>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "AU, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO"
@ -1062,9 +1062,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>South Sudan- Central African Republic: </em>periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic over water and grazing rights<br><br><em>South Sudan-Democratic Republic of the Congo</em>: none identified<br><br><em>South Sudan-Ethiopia</em>: the unresolved demarcation of the boundary and lack of clear limitation create substantial room for territorial conflict both locally among the border populations and between the two capitals; besides a large number of indigenous farmers, the border region supports refugees and various rebel groups opposed to the governments in Khartoum and Addis Ababa</p> <p><br><em>South Sudan-Kenya:</em> two thirds of the boundary that separates Kenya and South Sudan's sovereignty known as the Ilemi Triangle has been unclear since British colonial times; Kenya has administered the area since colonial times; officials from Kenya and South Sudan signed a memorandum of understanding on boundary delimitation and demarcation and agreed to set up a joint committee; as of July 2019, the demarcation process was to begin in 90 days, but was delayed due to a lack of funding</p> <p><em>South Sudan-Sudan:</em> present boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment, which clearly placed the Kafia Kingi area (adjacent to Central African Republic) within South Sudan as shown on US maps although it is mostly occupied by Sudan; final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; the final sovereignty status of Abyei Area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan; clashes continue in the oil-rich Abyei region; the United Nations interim security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has been deployed since 2011, when South Sudan became independent, Sudan accuses South Sudan of supporting Sudanese rebel groups</p> <p><em>South Sudan-Uganda</em>: none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "564,738 (Sudan) (refugees since 15 April 2023), 13,833 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2024)"

9
africa/pu.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>For much of its history, Guinea-Bissau was under the control of the Mali Empire and the Kaabu Kingdom. In the 16th century, Portugal began establishing trading posts along Guinea-Bissau’s shoreline. Initially, the Portuguese were restricted to the coastline and islands. However, the slave and gold trades were lucrative to local African leaders, and the Portuguese were slowly able to expand their power and influence inland. Starting in the 18th century, the Mali Empire and Kingdom of Kaabu slowly disintegrated into smaller local entities. By the 19th century, Portugal had fully incorporated Guinea-Bissau into its empire.<br><br>Since gaining independence in 1974, Guinea-Bissau has experienced considerable political and military upheaval. In 1980, a military coup established General Joao Bernardo 'Nino' VIEIRA as president. VIEIRA's regime suppressed political opposition and purged political rivals. Several coup attempts through the 1980s and early 1990s failed to unseat him. In May 1999, a military mutiny and civil war led to VIEIRA's ouster. In February 2000, a transitional government turned over power to opposition leader Kumba YALA. In September 2003, a bloodless military coup overthrew YALA and installed businessman Henrique ROSA as interim president. In 2005, former President VIEIRA was reelected, pledging to pursue economic development and national reconciliation; he was assassinated in March 2009. In June 2009, Malam Bacai SANHA was elected president, but he passed away in January 2012 from a long-term illness. In April 2012, a military coup prevented the second-round of the presidential election from taking place. Following mediation from the Economic Community of Western African States, a civilian transitional government assumed power. In 2014, Jose Mario VAZ was elected president after a free and fair election. In June 2019, VAZ became the first president in Guinea-Bissau’s history to complete a full presidential term. Umaro Sissoco EMBALO was elected president in December 2019, but he did not take office until February 2020 because of a prolonged challenge to the election results.</p>"
"text": "<p>For much of its history, Guinea-Bissau was under the control of the Mali Empire and the Kaabu Kingdom. In the 16th century, Portugal began establishing trading posts along Guinea-Bissau’s shoreline. Initially, the Portuguese were restricted to the coastline and islands. However, the slave and gold trades were lucrative to local African leaders, and the Portuguese were slowly able to expand their power and influence inland. Starting in the 18th century, the Mali Empire and Kingdom of Kaabu slowly disintegrated into smaller local entities. By the 19th century, Portugal had fully incorporated Guinea-Bissau into its empire.<br><br>Since gaining independence in 1974, Guinea-Bissau has experienced considerable political and military upheaval. In 1980, a military coup established General Joao Bernardo 'Nino' VIEIRA as president. VIEIRA's regime suppressed political opposition and purged political rivals. Several coup attempts through the 1980s and early 1990s failed to unseat him, but a military mutiny and civil war in 1999 led to VIEIRA's ouster. In 2000, a transitional government turned over power to opposition leader Kumba YALA. In 2003, a bloodless military coup overthrew YALA and installed businessman Henrique ROSA as interim president. In 2005, VIEIRA was reelected, pledging to pursue economic development and national reconciliation; he was assassinated in 2009. Malam Bacai SANHA was then elected president, but he passed away in 2012 from a long-term illness. A military coup blocked the second round of the election to replace him, but after mediation from the Economic Community of Western African States, a civilian transitional government assumed power. In 2014, Jose Mario VAZ was elected president in a free and fair election, and in 2019, he became the first president in Guinea-Bissau’s history to complete a full term. Umaro Sissoco EMBALO was elected president in 2019, but he did not take office until 2020 because of a prolonged challenge to the election results.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -552,10 +552,10 @@
"text": "unicameral National People's Assembly or Assembleia Nacional Popular (102 seats; 100 members directly elected in 27 multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote and 2 elected in single-seat constituencies for citizens living abroad (Africa 1, Europe 1); all members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 4 June 2023 (next to be held on 30 June 2027); note - on 4 December 2023 the president dissolved the parliament with new elections to be held at a future date"
"text": "last held on 4 June 2023 (next to be held on 30 June 2027); note - on 4 December 2023 the president dissolved the parliament with new elections to be held at a future date"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - PAIGC 39.4%, Madem G-15 21.1%, PRS 14.9%, other 12.5%; seats by party - PAIGC 54, Madem G-15 29, PRS- 12, other 7; composition as of February 2024 - men 92, women 10, percentage women 9.8%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - PAIGC 39.4%, Madem G-15 21.1%, PRS 14.9%, other 12.5%; seats by party - PAIGC 54, Madem G-15 29, PRS- 12, other 7; composition as of February 2024 - men 92, women 10, percentage women 9.8%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1134,9 +1134,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<em>Guinea-Bissau - Senegal:</em> there are no border disputes and the frontier is relatively stable although some rebels conducting a longstanding low-grade insurgency in the southern Casamance region of Senegal have used Guinea-Bissau as a safe haven"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "7,757 (Senegal) (2022)"

12
africa/rw.json
View file

@ -571,13 +571,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br><br>Senate or Senat (26 seats; 12 members indirectly elected by local councils, 8 appointed by the president, 4 appointed by the Political Organizations Forum - a body of registered political parties, and 2 selected by institutions of higher learning; members serve 8-year terms)<br><br>Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (80 seats; 53 members directly elected by proportional representation vote, 24 women selected by special interest groups, and 3 selected by youth and disability organizations; members serve 5-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate or Senat (26 seats; 12 members indirectly elected by local councils, 8 appointed by the president, 4 appointed by the Political Organizations Forum - a body of registered political parties, and 2 selected by institutions of higher learning; members serve 8-year terms)<br><br>Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (80 seats; 53 members directly elected by proportional representation vote, 24 women selected by special interest groups, and 3 selected by youth and disability organizations; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 16-18 September 2019 (next to be held in 2027)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 3 September 2018 (next to be held 15 July 2024)"
"text": "Senate - last held on 16-18 September 2019 (next to be held in 2027)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 3 September 2018 (next to be held 15 July 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 17, women 9, percent of women 34.6%<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Rwandan Patriotic Front Coalition 40, PSD 5, PL 4, other 4 indirectly elected 27; composition - men 31, women 49, percent of women 54.7%; note - total Parliament percent of women 54.7%</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition as of February 2024 - men 17, women 9, percentage women 34.6%<br><br>Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Rwandan Patriotic Front Coalition 40, PSD 5, PL 4, other 4, indirectly elected 27; composition as of February 2024 - men 31, women 49, percentage women 61.3%; total Parliament percentage women 54.7% <p> </p>"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1200,7 +1200,8 @@
"note": "note: as of 2022, women comprised approximately 6% of the Rwanda Defense Force"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "4,000 Central African Republic (approximately 2,800 for MINUSCA, including 700 police; an additional 1,200 troops sent separately under a bilateral arrangement to support and train Central African military forces); up to 3,000 Mozambique (deployed mid-2021 under a bilateral agreement to assist with combating an insurgency; includes both military and police forces); 2,600 (plus about 400 police) South Sudan (UNMISS) (2023)"
"text": "approximately 2,200 Central African Republic (MINUSCA; plus about 700 police); up to 3,000 Mozambique (deployed mid-2021 under a bilateral agreement to assist with combating an insurgency; includes both military and police forces); 2,600 (plus about 450 police) South Sudan (UNMISS) (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in December 2020, Rwanda sent an additional 1,200 to the Central African Republic under a bilateral agreement to support and train Central African Republic military forces, but their status as of 2024 was unclear)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the RDF is widely regarded as one of East Africa’s best trained and most experienced militaries; the Army is relatively large with four divisions that are mostly comprised of light infantry brigades; it also has separate artillery, presidential guard, and special operations brigades; the Air Force has a small inventory of combat helicopters and a handful of transport aircraft</p> the RDF’s principle responsibilities are ensuring territorial integrity and national sovereignty and preventing infiltrations of illegal armed groups from neighboring countries, particularly the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC); since 2021, Rwanda has deployed troops to the border region with the DRC to combat the rebel Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), which it has accused the DRC of backing; the RDF has been accused by the DRC, the UN, and the US of making incursions into the DRC and providing material support to the March 23 Movement (M23, aka Congolese Revolutionary Army) rebel group, which has been fighting with DRC troops and UN peacekeeping forces; the RDF also participates in UN and regional military operations; over 6,000 RDF personnel are deployed in the Central African Republic, Mozambique, and South Sudan  <br><br>the Rwandan Armed Forces (FAR) were established following independence in 1962; after the 1990-1994 civil war and genocide, the victorious Tutsi-dominated Rwandan Patriotic Front's military wing, the Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA), became the country's military force; the RPA participated in the First (1996-1997) and Second (1998-2003) Congolese Wars; the RPA was renamed the Rwanda Defense Force (RDF) in 2003, by which time it had assumed a more national character with the inclusion of many former Hutu officers as well as newly recruited soldiers (2023)"
@ -1216,9 +1217,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Rwanda-Burundi: </em>Burundi's Ngozi province and Rwanda's Butare province dispute the two-kilometer-square hilly farmed area of Sabanerwa in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965 around Kibinga Hill in Rwanda's Butare Province<br><em><br>Rwanda-Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): </em>the 2005 DRC and Rwanda border verification mechanism to stem rebel actions on both sides of the border remains in place<em><br><br>Rwanda-Uganda:</em> a joint technical committee established in 2007 to demarcate sections of the border<br><br><br></p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "79,720 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 48,533 (Burundi) (2024)"

7
africa/se.json
View file

@ -529,7 +529,7 @@
"text": "last held on 22-24 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2025); note - the election was originally scheduled for 2021 but was moved up a year and held alongside the presidential election in order to cut election costs"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - LDS 54.8%, US 42.3%, other 2.9%; seats by party - LDS 25, US 10; composition - men 27, women 8, percent of women 22.9%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - LDS 54.8%, US 42.3%, other 2.9%; seats by party - LDS 25, US 10; composition as of February 2024 - men 27, women 7, percentage women 20.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -544,7 +544,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Seychelles Party for Social Justice and Democracy or SPSJD [Vesna RAKIC]<br>Seychellois Democratic Alliance or LDS (Linyon Demokratik Seselwa/Union Démocratique Seychelloise) (coalition includes SNP and SPSJD) [Roger MANCIENNE]<br>Seychelles National Party or SNP [Wavel RAMKALAWAN]<br>United Seychelles or US [Patrick HERMINIE]<br><br><strong>note</strong>: only parties with seats in the National Assembly listed"
"text": "Seychelles Party for Social Justice and Democracy or SPSJD [Vesna RAKIC]<br>Seychellois Democratic Alliance or LDS (Linyon Demokratik Seselwa/Union Démocratique Seychelloise) (coalition includes SNP and SPSJD) [Roger MANCIENNE]<br>Seychelles National Party or SNP [Wavel RAMKALAWAN]<br>United Seychelles or US [Patrick HERMINIE]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, C, CD, COMESA, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1144,8 +1144,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "none identified"
}
}
}

5
africa/sf.json
View file

@ -589,7 +589,7 @@
"text": "National Council of Provinces and National Assembly - last held on 8 May 2019 (next to be held on 29 May 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p>National Council of Provinces - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANC 29, DA 13, EFF 9, FF+ 2, IFP 1; composition of permanent members - men 34, women 20, percent of women 37%; note - 36 appointed seats not filled<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - ANC 57.5%, DA 20.8%, EFF 10.8%, IFP 3.8%, FF+ 2.4%, other 4.7%; seats by party - ANC 230, DA 84, EFF 44, IFP 14, FF+ 10, other 18; composition as of mid-2022 (396 current seats) - men 212, women 184, percent of women 46.5%; note overall Parliament percent of women 45.3%</p>"
"text": "<p>National Council of Provinces - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANC 29, DA 13, EFF 9, FF+ 2, IFP 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 30, women 24, percentage women 44.4%; note - 36 appointed seats not filled<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - ANC 57.5%, DA 20.8%, EFF 10.8%, IFP 3.8%, FF+ 2.4%, other 4.7%; seats by party - ANC 230, DA 84, EFF 44, IFP 14, FF+ 10, other 18; composition as of February 2024 - men 210, women 181, percent age women 46.3%; total Parliament percentage women 46.1%</p>"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1307,9 +1307,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>South Africa-Botswana</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>South Africa-Eswatini</em>: Eswatini seeks to reclaim land it says was stolen by South Africa</p> <p><em>South Africa-Lesotho</em>: crossborder livestock thieving, smuggling of drugs and arms, and illegal migration are problematic</p> <p><em>South Africa-Mozambique</em>: animal poachers cross the South Africa-Mozambique border to hunt wildlife in South Africa’s Kruger National Park; border fences were removed in some areas to allow animals to roam between nature reserves in the two countries; improved patrols, technology, and crossborder cooperation are reducing the problem</p> <p><em>South Africa-Namibia</em>: the governments of South Africa and Namibia have not signed or ratified the text of the 1994 Surveyor's General agreement placing the boundary in the middle of the Orange River; the location of the border could affect diamond mining rights; South Africa has always claimed that the northern bank of the Orange River is the border between the two countries, while Namibia’s constitution states that the border lies in the middle of the Orange River</p> <p><em>South Africa-various</em>: South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration</p> <p><em>South Africa-Zimbabwe</em>: Zimbabweans migrate illegally into South Africa in search of work or smuggle goods to sell at a profit back home</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "22,388 (Somalia), 15,240 (Ethiopia) (mid-year 2022); 42,132 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)"

9
africa/sg.json
View file

@ -596,7 +596,7 @@
"text": "last held on 31 July 2022 (next scheduled to be held in July 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - BBY 46.6%, YAW 32.9%, WS 14.5%, other 6%; seats by party/coalition - BBY 82, YAW 42, WS 24, other 17; composition - men 92, women 73, percent of women 44%"
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - BBY 46.6%, YAW 32.9%, WS 14.5%, other 6%; seats by party/coalition - BBY 82, YAW 42, WS 24, other 17; composition as of February 2024 - men 89, women 76, percentage women 46.1%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1233,10 +1233,10 @@
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 20 years of age for selective compulsory service for men and possibly women; 24-month service obligation (2023)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "<p>200 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 800 (ECOWAS Military Intervention in The Gambia--ECOMIG); 500 (ECOWAS Stabilization Support Mission in Guinea-Bissau--EESMGB); note - Senegal also has up to 1,000 police deployed to UN peacekeeping missions in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA)and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO)</p> (2023)"
"text": "200 Central African Republic (MINUSCA; plus about 525 police); 800 (ECOWAS Military Intervention in The Gambia--ECOMIG); 500 (ECOWAS Stabilization Support Mission in Guinea-Bissau--EESMGB); 450 police Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "despite limited resources, the FAS is considered to be a well-equipped, experienced, and effective military; it has a history of non-interference in the country’s political process and positive relations with civil authorities; the FAS is experienced in foreign deployments and has received assistance from the French military, which maintains a presence in Senegal, as well as Germany, Spain, the UK, and the US; the FAS’s primary focuses are border, internal, and maritime security; it is closely watching the prevalence of multiple active terrorist groups across the region and political instability in neighboring Mali and Guinea and has recently established new military and gendarmerie camps along its eastern border with Mali; the FAS also works with the government in areas such as preventive healthcare, infrastructure development, environmental protection, and disaster response<br><br>the Army is spread amongst seven military zones and organized into a mix of light infantry battalions and light armored reconnaissance squadrons, as well as airborne, special operations, and artillery battalions; the Gendarmerie includes mobile units, as well as the Presidential Guard (aka “The Red Guard”); the Navy is a small force of coastal patrol craft; in recent years it has acquired some modern platforms from France and Israel, including two offshore patrol vessels, to improve the Navy’s ability to patrol Senegal’s coastline and economic exclusion zone, conduct fisheries inspections, counter drug trafficking, and combat piracy; the Air Force is configured for supporting the ground forces and has a small number of light attack aircraft and helicopter gunships, as well as transport and reconnaissance aircraft<br><br>Senegalese security forces have been engaged in a low-level counterinsurgency campaign in the southern Casamance region against various factions of the separatist Movement of Democratic Forces of the Casamance (MDFC) since 1982; the conflict is one of longest running low-level insurgencies in the World, having claimed more than 5,000 lives while leaving another 60,000 displaced; in May 2023, a faction of the MFDC agreed to a peace deal (2023)"
"text": "despite limited resources, the FAS is considered to be a well-equipped, experienced, and effective military; it has a history of non-interference in the country’s political process and positive relations with civil authorities; the FAS is experienced in foreign deployments and has received assistance from the French military, which maintains a presence in Senegal, as well as Germany, Spain, the UK, and the US; the FAS’s primary focuses are border, internal, and maritime security; it is watching the prevalence of multiple active terrorist groups across the region and political instability in neighboring Mali and Guinea and has recently established new military and gendarmerie camps along its eastern border with Mali; the FAS also works with the civilian government in areas such as preventive healthcare, infrastructure development, environmental protection, and disaster response<br><br>the Army is spread amongst seven military zones and organized into a mix of light infantry battalions and light armored reconnaissance squadrons, as well as airborne, special operations, and artillery battalions; the Gendarmerie includes mobile units, as well as the Presidential Guard (aka “The Red Guard”); the Navy is small and its principal warships are coastal patrol craft; in recent years the Navy has acquired some modern naval platforms from France, Israel, and Spain, including several offshore patrol vessels, to improve its ability to monitor Senegal’s coastline and economic exclusion zone, conduct fisheries inspections, counter drug trafficking, and combat piracy; the Air Force is configured for supporting the ground forces and has a small number of light attack aircraft and helicopter gunships, as well as transport and reconnaissance aircraft<br><br>Senegalese security forces have been engaged in a low-level counterinsurgency campaign in the southern Casamance region against various factions of the separatist Movement of Democratic Forces of the Casamance (MDFC) since 1982; the conflict is one of longest running low-level insurgencies in the World, having claimed more than 5,000 lives while leaving another 60,000 displaced; in May 2023, a faction of the MFDC agreed to a peace deal (2023)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
@ -1245,9 +1245,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Senegal-Guinea-Bissau</em>: rebels from the Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance find refuge in Guinea-Bissau</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "11,518 (Mauritania) (2023)"

7
africa/sh.json
View file

@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "7,935 (2023 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Saint Helena's Statistical Office estimated the resident population to be 4,439 in 2021; only Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha islands are inhabited, none of the other nearby islands/islets are"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Saint Helena's Statistical Office estimated the resident population to be 4,439 in 2021; only Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha islands are inhabited"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -411,7 +411,7 @@
"text": "last held on 13 October 2021 (next to be held in 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party - independent 12; composition - men 14, women 3, percent women 17.6%"
"text": "vote - NA; seats - independent 12; composition as of April 2024 - men 8, women 6, percent women 42.9%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Constitution Order provides for separate Island Councils for both Ascension and Tristan da Cunha"
},
@ -763,8 +763,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

7
africa/sl.json
View file

@ -564,13 +564,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Parliament (146 seats; 132 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by a district block proportional representation vote and 14 seats filled in separate elections by non-partisan members of Parliament called \"paramount chiefs;\" members serve 5-year terms)"
"text": "unicameral Parliament (149 seats; 135 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by a district block proportional representation vote and 14 seats for \"paramount chiefs\" indirectly elected to represent the 14 provincial districts; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 24 June 2023 (next to be held in 2028)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SLPP 81, APC 54; composition - men 94, women 41, percent of women 30.3%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SLPP 81, APC 54; composition as of February 2024 - men 105, women 44, percentage women 29.5%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1177,9 +1177,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Sierra Leone-Guinea</em>: Sierra Leone opposed Guinean troops' continued occupation of Yenga, a small village on the Makona River that serves as a border with Guinea; Guinea's forces came to Yenga in the mid-1990s to help the Sierra Leonean military to suppress rebels and to secure their common border but remained there even after both countries signed a 2005 agreement acknowledging that Yenga belonged to Sierra Leone; in 2012, the two sides signed a declaration to demilitarize the area; in 2019, Sierra Leone’s Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation stated that the dispute over Yenga had been resolved; however, at a 2021 ECOWAS meeting, Sierra Leone’s President BIO called on the bloc to help resolve an incursion of Guinean troops in Yenga</p> <p><em>Sierra Leone-Liberia</em>: none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"IDPs": {
"text": "IDPs: 3000 currently displaced due to post-electoral violence in 2018 and clashes in the Pujehun region in 2019); 900 internal displacements due to flood in 2022 (2022)<br><br>5,500 (displacement caused by post-electoral violence in 2018 and clashes in the Pujehun region in 2019) (2021)"

19
africa/so.json
View file

@ -117,11 +117,11 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Somali 85%, Bantu and other non-Somali 15% (including 30,000 Arabs)"
"text": "predominantly Somali with lesser numbers of Arabs, Bantus, and others"
},
"Languages": {
"Languages": {
"text": "Somali (official, according to the 2012 Transitional Federal Charter), Arabic (official, according to the 2012 Transitional Federal Charter), Italian, English"
"text": "Somali (official), Arabic (official), Italian, English"
},
"major-language sample(s)": {
"text": "<br>Buugga Xaqiiqda Aduunka, waa laga maarmaanka macluumaadka assasiga. (Somali)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
@ -496,7 +496,7 @@
"text": "previous 1961, 1979; latest drafted 12 June 2012, adopted 1 August 2012 (provisional)"
},
"amendments": {
"text": "proposed by the federal government, by members of the state governments, the Federal Parliament, or by public petition; proposals require review by a joint committee of Parliament with inclusion of public comments and state legislatures&rsquo; comments; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Parliament and approval by a majority of votes cast in a referendum; constitutional clauses on Islamic principles, the federal system, human rights and freedoms, powers and authorities of the government branches, and inclusion of women in national institutions cannot be amended; note - in late December 2020, the president signed a decree blocking the approval of amendments"
"text": "proposed by the federal government, by members of the state governments, the Federal Parliament, or by public petition; proposals require review by a joint committee of Parliament with inclusion of public comments and state legislatures&rsquo; comments; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Parliament and approval by a majority of votes cast in a referendum; constitutional clauses on Islamic principles, the federal system, human rights and freedoms, powers and authorities of the government branches, and inclusion of women in national institutions cannot be amended; amended 2024"
}
},
"Legal system": {
@ -520,7 +520,7 @@
}
},
"Suffrage": {
"text": "18 years of age; universal"
"text": "18 years of age; universal&nbsp;suffrage starting with 24 June 2024 local elections"
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
@ -533,7 +533,7 @@
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister, approved by the House of the People"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president indirectly elected by the Federal Parliament by two-thirds majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single 4-year term; election last held on 15 May 2022 (next to be held in 2026); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of the People; note - elections were originally scheduled for 10 October 2021 but did not take place; on 13 April 2022, the election of the House of the People representatives was completed and the presidential election date was set for 15 May 2022"
"text": "president indirectly elected by the Federal Parliament by two-thirds majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single 4-year term; election last held on 15 May 2022 (next to be held in 2026); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of the People"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2022:</em> HASSAN SHEIKH Mohamud elected president in third round - Federal Parliament percent of vote in first round - Said ABDULLAHI DENI (Kaah) 20.2%, Mohamed ABDULLAHI Mohamed \"Farmaajo\" (TPP) 18.3%, HASSAN SHEIKH Mohamud (PDP) 16.2%, Hassan Ali KHAYRE (independent) 14.6%, other 30.7%; Federal Parliament percent of vote in second round - HASSAN SHEIKH Mohamud 34.1%, Mohamed ABDULLAHI Mohamed \"Farmaajo\" 25.7%, Said ABDULLAHI DENI 21%, Hassan Ali KHAYRE 19.2%; Federal Parliament percent of vote in third round - HASSAN SHEIKH Mohamud  66%, Mohamed ABDULLAHI Mohamed \"Farmaajo\" 34%<br><br><em>2017:</em> Mohamed ABDULLAHI Mohamed \"Farmaajo\" elected president in second round; Federal Parliament number of votes in first round - HASSAN SHEIKH Mohamud (PDP) 88, Mohamed ABDULLAHI Mohamed \"Farmaajo\" (TPP) 72, Sheikh SHARIF Sheikh Ahmed (ARS) 49, other 37; Federal Parliament number of votes in second round - Mohamed ABDULLAHI Mohamed \"Farmaajo\" 184, HASSAN SHEIKH Mohamud 97, Sheikh SHARIF Sheikh Ahmed 45"
@ -544,12 +544,12 @@
"text": "bicameral Federal Parliament to consist of:<br>Senate (54 seats; senators indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 4-year terms)<br>House of the People (275 seats; members indirectly elected by electoral colleges, each consisting of 51 delegates selected by the 136 Traditional Elders in consultation with sub-clan elders; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Senate - first held on 10 October 2016; last held 27 July - 13 November 2021 (next to be held in 2024)<br>House of the People - first held 23 October - 10 November 2016 (next scheduled for September - October 2021 but postponed to November 2021 and then extended several times until April 2022; next to be held in 2024)"
"text": "Senate - first held on 10 October 2016; last held 27 July - 13 November 2021 (next to be held in 2024)<br>House of the People - first held 23 October - 10 November 2016 (next scheduled for September - October 2021 but postponed to November 2021 and then extended several times until April 2022; next to be held in June 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 40, women 14, percent of women 25.9%<br><br>House of the People - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 225, women 50, percent of women 22.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 19.5%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition as of February 2024 - men 40, women 14, percentage women 25.9%<br><br>House of the People - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition as of February 2024 - men 221, women 54, percentage women 19.6%; total Federal Parliament percentage women 20.7%"
},
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the inaugural House of the People was appointed in September 2012 by clan elders; in 2016 and 2017, the Federal Parliament became bicameral with indirect elections scheduled for 10 October 2016 for the Upper House - renamed 'Senate' and 23 October to 10 November 2016 for the House of the People; while the elections were delayed, they were eventually held in most regions despite voting irregularities; on 27 December 2016, 41 Upper House senators and 242 House of the People Members of Parliament (MP) were sworn in<br><strong><br>note 2: </strong>despite the formation of political parties in 2020, the 2021 parliamentary elections maintained a primarily clan-based system of appointments; seats in the legislature were apportioned to Somali member states and not by party representation <br><br><br><br><br>"
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the inaugural House of the People was appointed in September 2012 by clan elders; in 2016 and 2017, the Federal Parliament became bicameral with indirect elections scheduled for 10 October 2016 for the Upper House - renamed 'Senate' and 23 October to 10 November 2016 for the House of the People; while the elections were delayed, they were eventually held in most regions despite voting irregularities; on 27 December 2016, 41 Upper House senators and 242 House of the People Members of Parliament were sworn in<br><strong><br>note 2: </strong>despite the formation of political parties in 2020, the 2021 parliamentary elections maintained a primarily clan-based system of appointments; seats in the legislature were apportioned to Somali member states and not by party representation <br><br><br><br><br>"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest court(s)": {
@ -1130,9 +1130,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Somalia-Djibouti</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Somalia-Ethiopia</em>: the border between the Ogaden region of eastern Ethiopia, which is inhabited by ethnic Somalis, and Somalia is only partially demarcated under colonial rule and has been the source of tension for decades</p> <p><em>Somalia-Kenya</em>:<strong> </strong>the border area, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists, has been prone to clan fighting and infiltrations by the Somalia-based terrorist group al-Shabaab, which has conducted numerous attacks in Kenya; in 2015, the Kenyan Government began building a wall along the border to prevent the cross-border movement of militant groups; in October 2021, the Somalia-Kenya Indian Ocean boundary dispute was decided by the International Court of Justice; the ruling adjusted the boundary slightly north of Somalia’s claim giving Somalia the majority of the contested maritime territory, which is believed to contain rich oil and natural gas deposits; while the decision is legally binding, it has no enforcement mechanism, and Kenya has said it will not abide by it</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "23,364 (Ethiopia), 9,969 (Yemen) (2023)"

8
africa/su.json
View file

@ -578,7 +578,7 @@
"text": "Council of State - last held 1 June 2015; dissolved in April 2019<br>National Assembly - last held on 13-15 April 2015; dissolved in April 2019<br><br><strong>note:</strong> according to the 2019 Constitutional Declaration, elections for a new legislature are to be held in late 2023"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Council of State - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; former composition - men 35, women 19, percent of women 35.2%<br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; former seats by party - NCP 323, DUP 25, Democratic Unionist Party 15, other 44, independent 19; former composition - men 296 women 130, percent of women 30.5%; note - former total National Legislature percent of women 31%"
"text": "Council of State - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 35, women 19, percentage women 35.2%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; former seats by party - NCP 323, DUP 25, Democratic Unionist Party 15, other 44, independent 19; composition - men 296 women 130, percentage women 30.5%; total National Legislature percentage women 31%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1212,9 +1212,6 @@
"text": "18-33 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service for men and women; 12-24 month service obligation (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> implementation of conscription is reportedly uneven"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "approximately 750 Democratic Republic of the Congo (East African Community stabilization force)<br><br>reportedly continues to maintain several hundred troops in Yemen; Sudan joined the Saudi-led coalition that intervened in Yemen in 2015, providing as many as 40,000 troops during the peak of the war in 2016-17, mostly from the Rapid Support Forces; by 2021, Sudan had reduced the size of the force to about a brigade (approximately 2-3,000 troops) (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the primary responsibilities of the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) are internal security, border issues, and potential external threats from its neighbors; SAF operations have often been supported by militia and paramilitary forces, particularly the Rapid Support Forces (RSF); in the Spring of 2023, heavy fighting broke out between the SAF and the RSF amid disputes over an internationally-backed plan for a transition towards civilian rule, particularly around the capital Khartoum and in some outlying areas, including the western region of Darfur; fighting continued into 2024<br><br>information on the organization of the SAF and the RSF varies; prior to the conflict with the RSF, the SAF Army was estimated to have more than 10 infantry divisions, as well as divisions of mechanized, armored, and airborne/special forces, and several independent infantry brigades; the SAF Air Force has several squadrons of Chinese- and Russian-origin combat aircraft, as well as multiple squadrons of combat helicopters, also largely of Russian origin; the Navy has a small force of coastal patrol boats; the RSF is a lightly-armed ground force and prior to the 2023 conflict was reportedly organized into brigades of varying size and makeup   </p> <p>the Sudanese military has been a dominant force in the ruling of the country since its independence in 1956; in addition, the military has a large role in the country's economy, reportedly controlling over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports</p> the UN Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; as of 2023, UNISFA had approximately 3,500 personnel assigned<br><br>the October 2020 peace agreement provided for the establishment of a Joint Security Keeping Forces (JSKF) comprised of 12,000 personnel tasked with securing the Darfur region in the place of the UN African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID), a joint African Union-UN peacekeeping force that operated in the war-torn region between 2007 and the end of its mandate in December 2020; in June 2021, Sudan's transitional government announced it would increase the size of this force to 20,000 and expand its mission scope to include the capital and other parts of the country suffering from violence; the force would include the SAF, RSF, police, intelligence, and representatives from armed groups involved in peace negotiations; in September 2022, the first 2,000 members of the JSKF completed training; the status of the JSKF since the start of the civil war is not available (2024)"
}
@ -1235,9 +1232,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Sudan-Central African Republic</em>: periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic over water and grazing rights; Sudan closed its border with the Central African Republic in January 2022 due to security concerns</p> <p><em>Sudan-Chad</em>: Chad wants to be a helpful mediator in resolving the Darfur conflict, and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force with Sudan, which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence; however, since the August 2020 Juba Peace Agreement between the Sudanese Government and the Sudanese Revolutionary Front and the termination of the UN’s peacekeeping mission, UNAMID, at the end of 2020, violence continues to break out over land and water access</p> <p><em>Sudan-Egypt</em>: Sudan claims, but Egypt de facto administers, security and economic development of the Halaib region north of the 22nd parallel boundary</p> <p><em>Sudan-Eritrea</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Sudan-Ethiopia</em>: civil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia; clashes continue between Sudan and Ethiopia over al-Fashaga, a fertile piece of land inhabited by Ethiopian farmers for years until the Sudanese army expelled them in December 2020, claiming the land belonged to Sudan based on colonial-era maps from over 100 years ago; in February, 2022, the two countries were discussing resuming talks over the border conflict; Ethiopia's construction of a large dam (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) on the Blue Nile in northern Ethiopia since 2011 has become a focal point of relations with Egypt and Sudan; Sudan is concerned the dam will reduce the flow of water into the country; Ethiopia completed filling the dam in 2023</p> <p><em>Sudan-Libya</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Sudan-South Sudan</em>: the two have disagreed over control of the Abyei region since a 2005 peace deal ended decades of civil war between Sudan's north and south; both claim ownership of Abyei, whose status was unresolved after South Sudan became independent from Sudan in 2011; it is under the control of South Sudan; the region's majority Ngok Dinka people favor South Sudan, while the Misseriya nomads who come to Abyei to find pasture for their cattle favor Sudan; an African Union panel proposed a referendum for Abyei but there was disagreement over who could vote </p> <p> </p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "696,246 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 137,402 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 93,477 (Syria) (refugees and asylum seekers), 72,334 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 18,279 (Central African Republic) (2023)"

5
africa/to.json
View file

@ -584,7 +584,7 @@
"text": "last held on 20 December 2018 (next election was to be held on 20 April 2024 but has been indefinitely postponed)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNIR 59, UFC 7, NET 3, MPDD 2, MRC 1, PDP 1, independent 18; composition - men 76, women 15, percent of women 16.5%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNIR 59, UFC 7, NET 3, MPDD 2, MRC 1, PDP 1, independent 18; composition as of February 2024 - men 73, women 17, percent of women 18.9%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1240,9 +1240,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Togo-Benin</em>: in 2001, Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary; Benin’s and Togo’s Adjrala hydroelectric dam project on the Mona River, proposed in the 1990s, commenced in 2017 with funding from a Chinese bank</p> <p><em>Togo-Burkina Faso</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Togo-Ghana</em>: none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "9,846 (Burkina Faso), 8,436 (Ghana) (2023)"

7
africa/tp.json
View file

@ -556,7 +556,7 @@
"text": "last held on 25 September 2022 (next to be held 30 September 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - ADI 46.81%, MLSTP/PSD 32.70%, MCI-PS -PUN 6.56%, BASTA Movement- 8.8%, other 5.14%; seats by party - ADI 30, MLSTP-PSD 18, MCI-PS -PUN 5, BASTA Movement 2; composition - men 47, women 8, percent of women 14.5%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - ADI 46.8%, MLSTP-PSD 32.7%, MCI-PS-PUN 6.6%, BASTA Movement 8.8%, other 5.1%; seats by party - ADI 30, MLSTP-PSD 18, MCI-PS-PUN 5, BASTA Movement 2; composition as of February 2024 - men 47, women 8, percentage women 14.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -571,7 +571,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Union of Democrats for Citizenship and Development and Force for Democratic Change Movement or MDFM–UDD [Carlos Filomeno Agostinho DAS NEVES] <br>Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Patrice TROVADA]<br>Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Jorge Lopes Bom JESUS]<br>Party for Democratic Convergence-Reflection Group or PCD-GR [Leonel Mario D'ALVA]<br>Movement of Independent Citizens of São Tomé and Príncipe [António Monteiro]<br>other small parties"
"text": "BASTA Movement [Salvador RAMOS]<br>Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Patrice TROVADA]<br>Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Jorge Lopes Bom JESUS]<br>Movement of Independent Citizens of São Tomé and Príncipe - Socialist Party or MCI-PS [António Monteiro]<br>National Unity Party or PUN<br>other small parties"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CEMAC, CPLP, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"
@ -1135,8 +1135,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

12
africa/ts.json
View file

@ -555,10 +555,10 @@
"text": "bicameral legislature (enacted by the 2022 constitution) consists of:<br>newly added National Council of Regions and Districts (Le Conseil National des regions et des districts); (77 seats; members appointed by municipal-level councils; members of each Regional Council elect 3 members among themselves to the National Council; each District Council elects 1 member among themselves to the National Council; members serve 5-year term)<br>Assembly of Representatives of the People (161 seats; 151 members in single seat constituencies and 10 members from Tunisian diaspora directly elected by majoritarian two-round voting system; all members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "National Council of Regions and Districts - last held on 24 December 2023 for 279 local councils, which will indirectly elect the National Council (next to be held in 2028)<br><br>Assembly of Representatives of the People - last held on 17 December 2022 with a runoff on 29 January 2023 (next to be held in late 2027)"
"text": "National Council of Regions and Districts - last held on 24 December 2023 for 279 local councils, which will indirectly elect the National Council (next to be held in 2028)<br>Assembly of Representatives of the People - last held on 17 December 2022 with a runoff on 29 January 2023 (next to be held in late 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<strong><br>note:</strong> in 2022 President SAIED issued a new electoral law, which required all legislative candidates to run as independents"
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> in 2022, President SAIED issued a new electoral law, which required all legislative candidates to run as independents"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -574,7 +574,8 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Tunisian constitution of January 2014 called for the establishment of a constitutional court by the end of 2015, but the court was never formed; the new constitution of July 2022 calls for the establishment of a constitutional court consisting of 9 members appointed by presidential decree; members to include former senior judges of other courts"
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "note - President SAIED in 2022 issued a decree that forbids political parties' participation in legislative elections; although parties remain a facet of Tunisian political life, they have lost significant influence<br>Afek Tounes [Rym MAHJOUB]<br>Al Badil Al-Tounisi (The Tunisian Alternative) [Mehdi JOMAA]<br>Al-Amal Party [Salma ELLOUMIJ]<br>Call for Tunisia Party (Nidaa Tounes) [Ali HAFSI]<br>Current of Love [Hachemi HAMDI] (formerly the Popular Petition party)<br>Democratic Current [Ghazi CHAOUACHI]<br>Democratic Patriots' Unified Party [Zied LAKHDHAR]<br>Dignity Coalition or Al Karama Coalition [Seifeddine MAKHLOUF]<br>Ennahda Movement (The Renaissance) [Rached GHANNOUCHI]<br>Ettakatol Party [Khalil ZAOUIA]<br>Free Destourian Party or PDL [Abir MOUSSI]<br>Green Tunisia Party [Abdelkader ZITOUNI]<br>Harakat Hak [Mohsen MARZOUK]<br>Heart of Tunisia (Qalb Tounes) [Nabil KAROUI]<br>July 25 Movement [Thameur BDIDA]<br>Labor and Achievement Party [Abdellatif MEKKI]<br>Long Live Tunisia (Tahya Tounes) [Youssef CHAHED]<br>Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS [Ahmed KHASKHOUSSI]<br>National Coalition Party [Neji JALLOUL]<br>National Salvation Front [Ahmed Nejib CHEBBI]<br>New Carthage Party [Nizar CHAARI]<br>Party of the Democratic Arab Vanguard [Kheireddine SOUABNI]<br>People's Movement [Zouheir MAGHZAOUI]<br>Republican Party (Al Joumhouri) [Issam CHEBBI] <br>The Movement Party (Hizb Harak) [Moncef MARZOUKI]<br>Third Republic Party [Olfa HAMDI]<br>Tunisian Ba'ath Movement [Othmen Bel Haj AMOR]<br>Voice of the Republic [Ali HAFSI]<br>Workers' Party [Hamma HAMMAMI]"
"text": "Afek Tounes [Rym MAHJOUB]<br>Al Badil Al-Tounisi (The Tunisian Alternative) [Mehdi JOMAA]<br>Al-Amal Party [Salma ELLOUMIJ]<br>Call for Tunisia Party (Nidaa Tounes) [Ali HAFSI]<br>Current of Love [Hachemi HAMDI] (formerly the Popular Petition party)<br>Democratic Current [Ghazi CHAOUACHI]<br>Democratic Patriots' Unified Party [Zied LAKHDHAR]<br>Dignity Coalition or Al Karama Coalition [Seifeddine MAKHLOUF]<br>Ennahda Movement (The Renaissance) [Rached GHANNOUCHI]<br>Ettakatol Party [Khalil ZAOUIA]<br>Free Destourian Party or PDL [Abir MOUSSI]<br>Green Tunisia Party [Abdelkader ZITOUNI]<br>Harakat Hak [Mohsen MARZOUK]<br>Heart of Tunisia (Qalb Tounes) [Nabil KAROUI]<br>July 25 Movement [Thameur BDIDA]<br>Labor and Achievement Party [Abdellatif MEKKI]<br>Long Live Tunisia (Tahya Tounes) [Youssef CHAHED]<br>Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS [Ahmed KHASKHOUSSI]<br>National Coalition Party [Neji JALLOUL]<br>National Salvation Front [Ahmed Nejib CHEBBI]<br>New Carthage Party [Nizar CHAARI]<br>Party of the Democratic Arab Vanguard [Kheireddine SOUABNI]<br>People's Movement [Zouheir MAGHZAOUI]<br>Republican Party (Al Joumhouri) [Issam CHEBBI] <br>The Movement Party (Hizb Harak) [Moncef MARZOUKI]<br>Third Republic Party [Olfa HAMDI]<br>Tunisian Ba'ath Movement [Othmen Bel Haj AMOR]<br>Voice of the Republic [Ali HAFSI]<br>Workers' Party [Hamma HAMMAMI]",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> President SAIED in 2022 issued a decree that forbids political parties' participation in legislative elections; although parties remain a facet of Tunisian political life, they have lost significant influence"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AIIB, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1218,7 +1219,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>approximately 20-25,000 active military personnel are conscripts<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> women have been allowed in the service since 1975 as volunteers; the Tunisian Government has discussed the possibility of conscripting women as recently as 2018; as of 2023, women constituted about 8% of the military and served in all three services"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "775 Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (2023)"
"text": "775 Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the FAT is responsible for territorial defense and internal security; its operational areas of focus are countering Islamic terrorist groups and assisting with securing the border; it is conducting counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations against militant groups linked to al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and the Islamic State of ash-Sham (ISIS) who are fighting a low-intensity insurgency, mostly in the mountainous region along the border with Algeria, particularly the Chaambi Mountains near the city of Kasserine; the military has the lead role for security in this area and also routinely conducts joint operations with Algerian security forces against these groups, as well to counter smuggling and trafficking activities; the FAT in recent years also has increased its role in securing the southern border against militant activity, smuggling, and trafficking from war-torn Libya; in the remote southern areas of the border with Libya, buffer/exclusion zones have also been established where the military has the lead for counterterrorism efforts; outside of these border areas, the Ministry of Interior (MOI) has the responsibility for counterterrorism, particularly for urban areas; the National Police Anti-Terrorism Brigade and the National Guard Special Unit have the lead for MOI counterterrorism operations<br><br>the FAT has historically remained largely apolitical and stayed out of the country’s economy; following Tunisia’s 1956 independence, FAT officers were legally prohibited from joining political parties, and the military did not intervene to prop up BEN ALI in 2011; nevertheless, President SAIED’s use of military courts to try civilians and placement of military troops outside of the parliament building after he dissolved the Assembly in 2021 has raised concerns of military politicization<br> <br>the FAT conducts bilateral and multinational training exercises with a variety of countries, including Algeria and other North African and Middle Eastern countries, France, and the US, as well as NATO; it also participates in UN peacekeeping operations; the Army has five combat brigades, including three mechanized infantry, a desert patrol, and a special forces brigade, as well as an armored reconnaissance regiment; the Navy is a coastal defense force with a limited inventory of offshore patrol ships complemented by a mix of small, fast attack and patrol craft; the Air Force largely supports the Army’s operations; it has a handful of older US-made fighter aircraft and a few dozen combat helicopters, mostly of French and US origin <br><br>Tunisia has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2023)"
@ -1240,9 +1241,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<em>Tunisia-Libya: </em>instability in Libya has led to militant activity, smuggling, and trafficking in the border area, and since 2015, Tunisia has constructed a system of berms, trenches, and water-filled moats, complemented by electronic surveillance equipment such as motion detectors, ground surveillance radars, and infrared sensors along the border"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "NA"
}

12
africa/tz.json
View file

@ -613,10 +613,10 @@
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Parliament (Bunge) (393 seats; 264 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 113 women indirectly elected by proportional representation vote, 5 indirectly elected by simple majority vote by the Zanzibar House of Representatives, 10 appointed by the president, and 1 seat reserved for the attorney general; members serve 5-year terms); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the National Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives or Baraza La Wawakilishi (82 seats; 50 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 20 women directly elected by proportional representation vote, 10 appointed by the Zanzibar president, 1 seat for the House speaker, and 1 ex-officio seat for the attorney general; elected members serve a 5-year term)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Tanzania National Assembly and Zanzibar House of Representatives - elections last held on 28 October 2020 (next Tanzania National Assembly and Zanzibar House of Representatives elections to be held in October 2025)"
"text": "Tanzania National Assembly and Zanzibar House of Representatives - last held on 28 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 350, Chadema 20, ACT-Wazalendo 4, CUF 3; composition as of early 2021 (388 members) - men 245, women 143, percent of women 36.9%<br><br>Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 69, ACT-Wazalendo 6, TADEA 1, Other 1; composition as of early 2021 (77 members) - men 48, women 29, percent of women 37.7%"
"text": "National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 350, Chadema 20, ACT-Wazalendo 4, CUF 3; composition as of February 2024 - men 246, women 147, percentage women 37.4%<br><br>Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 69, ACT-Wazalendo 6, TADEA 1, other 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 48, women 29, percentage women 37.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -631,7 +631,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alliance for Change and Transparency (Wazalendo) or ACT-Wazalendo [Zitto Zuberi KABWE]<br>Civic United Front (Chama Cha Wananchi) or CUF [Ibrahim Haruna LIPUMBA]<br>Party of Democracy and Development (Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo) or CHADEMA [Freeman Aikael MBOWE]<br>Revolutionary Party of Tanzania (Chama Cha Mapinduzi) or CCM [Samia Suluhu HASSAN<br><br><strong>note: </strong>only parties with seats in the National Assembly listed"
"text": "Alliance for Change and Transparency (Wazalendo) or ACT-Wazalendo [Zitto Zuberi KABWE]<br>Civic United Front (Chama Cha Wananchi) or CUF [Ibrahim Haruna LIPUMBA]<br>Party of Democracy and Development (Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo) or CHADEMA [Freeman Aikael MBOWE]<br>Revolutionary Party of Tanzania (Chama Cha Mapinduzi) or CCM [Samia Suluhu HASSAN]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, EAC, EADB, EITI, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1268,8 +1268,7 @@
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 6-year commitment (2-year contracts afterwards); selective conscription for 2 years of public service (2023)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "575 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 850 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO; note - the MONUSCO mission is in the process of drawing down forces); 125 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in 2021, Tanzania began contributing troops to the Southern African Development Community (SADC) intervention force that was assisting the Mozambique Government's fight against Islamic militants"
"text": "520 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 850 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO; note - the MONUSCO mission is in the process of drawing down forces); 125 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the TDPF&rsquo;s primary concerns are maritime piracy and smuggling, border security, terrorism, animal poaching, and spillover from instability in neighboring countries, particularly Mozambique and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC); it participates in multinational training exercises, regional peacekeeping deployments, and has ties with a variety of foreign militaries, including those of China and the US; it has contributed troops to the UN&rsquo;s Force Intervention Brigade in the DRC and to the Southern African Development Community intervention force in Mozambique; since 2020, the TPDF has deployed additional troops to its border with Mozambique following several cross-border attacks by fighters from the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham operating in Mozambique; the TPDF&rsquo;s principal ground forces are five infantry brigades and an armored brigade; the Naval Forces operate patrol and fast attack boats, while the Air Force inventory includes small numbers of combat aircraft and helicopters (2023)"
@ -1282,9 +1281,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Tanzania-Burundi</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Tanzania-Democratic Republic of the Congo</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Tanzania-Kenya</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Tanzania-Malawi</em>: dispute with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River; Malawi contends that the entire lake up to the Tanzanian shoreline is its territory, while Tanzania claims the border is in the center of the lake</p> <p><em>Tanzania-Mozambique</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Tanzania-Rwanda</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Tanzania-Uganda</em>: none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "89,163 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 112,779 (Burundi) (2024)"

12
africa/ug.json
View file

@ -572,7 +572,7 @@
"text": "last held on 14 January 2021 (next to be held in February 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NRM 336, NUP 57, FDC 32, DP 9, UPDF 10, UPC 9, independent 76 (excludes 27 ex-officio members); composition as of February 2024 - men 368, women 189, percent of women 33.9%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NRM 336, NUP 57, FDC 32, DP 9, UPDF 10, UPC 9, independent 76 (excludes 27 ex-officio members); composition as of February 2024 - men 368, women 189, percentage women 33.9%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -587,7 +587,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Democratic Party or DP [Norbert MAO]<br>Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Patrick Oboi AMURIAT]<br>Justice Forum or JEEMA [Asuman BASALIRWA]<br>National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI]<br>National Unity Platform [Robert Kyagulanyi SSENTAMU, known as Bobi WINE]<br>People's Progressive Party or PPP [Jaberi Bidandi SSALI]<br>Uganda People's Congress or UPC [James AKENA]<br><br><strong>note: </strong>only parties with seats in Parliament listed"
"text": "Democratic Party or DP [Norbert MAO]<br>Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Patrick Oboi AMURIAT]<br>Justice Forum or JEEMA [Asuman BASALIRWA]<br>National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI]<br>National Unity Platform [Robert Kyagulanyi SSENTAMU, known as Bobi WINE]<br>People's Progressive Party or PPP [Jaberi Bidandi SSALI]<br>Uganda People's Congress or UPC [James AKENA]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITC, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCDF, UNCTAD, UNECA, UNDP, UNFPA, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNOCI, UNOPS, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFP, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1214,11 +1214,10 @@
"text": "the UPDF's inventory is mostly older Russian/Soviet-era equipment with a limited mix of more modern Russian- and Western-origin arms; in recent years, Belarus and Russia have been the leading supplier of arms to the UPDF; Uganda has a small but growing defense industry that can manufacture light armored vehicles and perform maintenance on some military equipment, including its Russian-made helicopters (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military duty for men and women; 18-30 for those with degrees/diplomas in specialized fields such as medicine, engineering, chemistry, and education, or possess qualifications in some vocational skills; 9-year service obligation (2023)"
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military duty for men and women; 18-30 for those with degrees/diplomas in specialized fields such as medicine, engineering, chemistry, and education, or possess qualifications in some vocational skills; 9-year service obligation (2024)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "approximately 6,500 Somalia (625 for UNSOM; the remainder under ATMIS; note - foreign troop contingents in Somalia under ATMIS are drawing down towards a final withdrawal in December 2024); 250 Equatorial Guinea (training mission) (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in December 2022, Uganda sent approximately 1,000 troops to the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as part of a newly formed East Africa Community Regional Force (EACRF) to assist the DRC military against the rebel group M23"
"text": "as many as 6,000 Somalia (625 for UNSOM; the remainder under ATMIS; note - foreign troop contingents in Somalia under ATMIS are drawing down towards a final withdrawal in December 2024) (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the UPDF’s missions include defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Uganda, assisting the civilian authorities in emergencies and natural disasters, and participating in socio-economic development projects; it supports the police in maintaining internal security and participates in African and UN peacekeeping missions; it is a key contributor to the East Africa Standby Force; the UPDF also has considerable political influence; it is constitutionally granted seats in parliament and is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used by MUSEVENI and his political party to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates <br><br>the UPDF is viewed as a well-equipped force with considerable operational experience; from 2012-2017, it led regional efforts to pursue the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a small, violent group of Ugandan origin that conducted widespread attacks against civilians in much of Central Africa; Uganda intervened in the South Sudan civil war in 2013-2016, and UPDF forces have clashed with South Sudanese forces along the border as recently as 2023; it is also conducting operations along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) against the Allied Democratic Front (ADF), which has been designated by the US as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the DRC (see Appendix T); in December 2022, Uganda sent about 1,000 UPDF troops to the DRC as part of a regional force to assist the DRC Government in combating the M23 rebel group; in addition, elements of the UPDF are deployed in the northeast region of Karamoja against cattle rustlers and criminal gangs<br><br>the Land Force has five light infantry divisions, including one trained for mountain warfare; it also has independent armored, artillery, and motorized infantry brigades, as well as a marine force for patrolling Uganda’s lakes and rivers; the special forces command includes armor, artillery, commandos, motorized infantry, and presidential guard forces; the Air Force has small numbers of largely Russian-made combat aircraft and helicopters<br><br>the military traces its history back to the formation of the Uganda Rifles in 1895 under the British colonial government; the Uganda Rifles were merged with the Central Africa Regiment and the East Africa Rifles to form the King’s African Rifles (KAR) in 1902, which participated in both world wars, as well as the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya (1952-1960); in 1962, the Ugandan battalion of the KAR was transformed into the country's first military force, the Uganda Rifles, which was subsequently renamed the Uganda Army; the UPDF was established in 1995 from the former rebel National Resistance Army following the enactment of the 1995 Constitution of Uganda</p> (2023)"
@ -1240,9 +1239,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Uganda-Kenya:</em> Kenya and Uganda began a joint demarcation of the boundary in 2021; Uganda and Kenya both claim Migingo Island, a tiny island in the middle of Lake Victoria, which offers good fishing<br><br><em>Uganda-Rwanda:</em> a joint technical committee established in 2007 to demarcate sections of the border<br><br><em>Uganda-Democratic Republic of Congo (DROC):</em> Uganda rejects the DROC claim to Margherita Peak in the Rwenzori mountains and considers it a boundary divide; there is tension and violence on Lake Albert over prospective oil reserves at the mouth of the Semliki River; Rukwanzi Island in Lake Albert is claimed by both countries<br><br><em>Uganda-South Sudan:</em> Government of South Sudan protests Lord's Resistance Army operations in western Equatorial State, displacing and driving out local populations and stealing grain stores</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "34,368 (Eritrea), 23,388 (Rwanda), 8,936 (Ethiopia), 5,776 (Sudan) (2023); 931,666 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 512,445 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 40,326 (Somalia), 40,326 (Burundi) (2024)"

11
africa/uv.json
View file

@ -575,10 +575,10 @@
"text": "prior to the 2022 coups and adhoc suspension of laws and constitutional provisions, unicameral National Assembly (127 seats; 111 members directly elected in 13 multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote and 26 members elected in a nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); 71-member Transitional Legislative Assembly (ALT) appointed by the military junta in 2022 indefinitely replaced the National Assembly"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 22 November 2020 (next were to be held by July 2024, but may be delayed by the transitional government due to security concerns)"
"text": "last held on 22 November 2020 (next were to be held by July 2024 but may be delayed by the transitional government due to security concerns)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - MPP 34.6%, CDP 13.3%, UPC 10.2%, NTD 5.6%, other 36.3%; seats by party - MPP 56, CDP 20, NTD 13, UPC 12, other 26; composition as of October 2021 - men 119, women 8, percent of women 6.3%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition as of March 2024 - men 59, women 12, percentage women 16.9%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -593,7 +593,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Act Together [Kadre OUEDRAOGO]<br>African Democratic Rally/Alliance for Democracy and Federation or ADF/RDA [Gilbert Noel OUEDRAOGO]<br>Congress for Democracy and Progress or CDP [Eddie KOMBOIGO]<br>Convergence for Progress and Solidarity-Generation 3 or CPS-G3<br>Movement for the Future Burkina Faso or MBF<br>National Convention for Progress or CNP<br>New Era for Democracy or NTD [Vincent DABILGOU]<br>Pan-African Alliance for Refoundation or APR<br>Party for Democracy and Socialism/Metba or PDS/Metba [Philippe OUEDRAOGO]<br>Party for Development and Change or PDC [Aziz SEREME]<br>Patriotic Rally for Integrity or RPI<br>Peoples Movement for Progress or MPP [Roch Marc Christian KABORE]<br>Progressives United for Renewal or PUR<br>Union for Progress and Reform or UPC [Zephirin DIABRE]<br>Union for Rebirth - Sankarist Party or UNIR-PS [Benewende Stanislas SANKARA]<br><br><strong>note:</strong> only parties with seats in the National Assembly included"
"text": "Act Together [Kadre OUEDRAOGO]<br>African Democratic Rally/Alliance for Democracy and Federation or ADF/RDA [Gilbert Noel OUEDRAOGO]<br>Congress for Democracy and Progress or CDP [Eddie KOMBOIGO]<br>Convergence for Progress and Solidarity-Generation 3 or CPS-G3<br>Movement for the Future Burkina Faso or MBF<br>National Convention for Progress or CNP<br>New Era for Democracy or NTD [Vincent DABILGOU]<br>Pan-African Alliance for Refoundation or APR<br>Party for Democracy and Socialism/Metba or PDS/Metba [Philippe OUEDRAOGO]<br>Party for Development and Change or PDC [Aziz SEREME]<br>Patriotic Rally for Integrity or RPI<br>Peoples Movement for Progress or MPP [Roch Marc Christian KABORE]<br>Progressives United for Renewal or PUR<br>Union for Progress and Reform or UPC [Zephirin DIABRE]<br>Union for Rebirth - Sankarist Party or UNIR-PS [Benewende Stanislas SANKARA]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU (suspended), CD, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSCA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in 2022, government authorities announced a special recruitment for up to 6,000 additional soldiers and 1,500 gendarmes to assist with its fight against terrorist groups operating in the country; the government also put out a recruitment call for up to 100,000 VDP volunteers, and as of 2023 claimed about 50,000 had volunteered (the VDP's original recruited strength was 15,000)<br><strong><br><br></strong>"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FABF has a mix of older, secondhand, and some modern equipment from a variety of suppliers, including China, France, Russia, South Africa, Turkey, the UK, and the US (2023)"
"text": "the FABF has a mix of older, secondhand, and some modern equipment from a variety of suppliers, including China, France, Russia, South Africa, Turkey, the UK, and the US (2024)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (2023)",
@ -1211,9 +1211,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>porous borders contribute to illicit cross-border activities, including terrorism and trafficking<br><br><em>Burkina Faso-Benin</em>: the two countries dispute sovereignty over a small area known as Kourou/Koalou near the tripoint with Togo, which has been declared a neutral zone pending settlement of the dispute; in 2009, an agreement to refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice was signed, but no formal application has yet been made to the Court</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "36,372 (Mali) (2023)"

11
africa/wa.json
View file

@ -575,10 +575,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>National Council (42 seats); members indirectly elected 3 each by the 14 regional councils to serve 5-year terms); note - the Council primarily reviews legislation passed and referred by the National Assembly<br>National Assembly (104 seats; 96 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed list, proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 8 nonvoting members appointed by the president)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>National Council - elections for regional councils to determine members of the National Council held on 25 November 2020 (next to be held on 25 November 2025)<br>National Assembly - last held on 27 November 2019 (next to be held in November 2024)"
"text": "National Council - elections for regional councils to determine members of the National Council held on 25 November 2020 (next to be held on 25 November 2025)<br>National Assembly - last held on 27 November 2019 (next to be held in November 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SWAPO 28, LPM 6,IPC 2, PDM 2, UDF 2, NUDO 1, independent 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 36, women 6, percentage women 14.3% <br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SWAPO 65.5%, PDM 16.6%, LPM 4.7%, NUDO 1.9%, APP 1.8%, UDF 1.8%, RP 1.8%, NEFF 1.7%, RDP 1.1%, CDV .7%, SWANU .6%, other 1.8%; seats by party - SWAPO 63, PDM 16, LPM 4, NUDO 2, APP 2, UDF 2, RP 2, NEFF 2, RDP 1, CDV 1, SWANU 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 58, women 46, percentage women 44.2%; total Parliament percentage women 35.6%"
"text": "Nstional Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SWAPO 28, LPM 6,IPC 2, PDM 2, UDF 2, NUDO 1, independent 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 36, women 6, percentage women 14.3% <br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SWAPO 65.5%, PDM 16.6%, LPM 4.7%, NUDO 1.9%, APP 1.8%, UDF 1.8%, RP 1.8%, NEFF 1.7%, RDP 1.1%, CDV .7%, SWANU .6%, other 1.8%; seats by party - SWAPO 63, PDM 16, LPM 4, NUDO 2, APP 2, UDF 2, RP 2, NEFF 2, RDP 1, CDV 1, SWANU 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 58, women 46, percentage women 44.2%; total Parliament percentage women 35.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -626,10 +626,10 @@
"text": "2540 Windhoek Place, Washington DC&nbsp; 20521-2540"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[264] (061) 295-8500"
"text": "[264] (61) 202-5000"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[264] (061) 202-5219"
"text": "[264] (61) 202-5219"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>ConsularWindhoek@state.gov<br><br>https://na.usembassy.gov/"
@ -1222,9 +1222,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Namibia-Angola-Botswana</em>: concerns from international experts and local populations over the Okavango Delta ecology in Botswana and human displacement scuttled Namibian plans to construct a hydroelectric dam on Popa Falls along the Angola-Namibia border</p> <p><em>Namibia-Botswana-Zambia-Zimbabwe</em>: Namibia has supported, and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; the Kazungula Bridge opened to traffic in May 2021</p> <p><em>Namibia-South Africa</em>: the governments of South Africa and Namibia have not signed or ratified the text of the 1994 Surveyor's General agreement placing the boundary in the middle of the Orange River; Namibia claims a median line boundary, while South Africa supports the northern bank of the river</p> <p> </p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "6,288 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)"

7
africa/wz.json
View file

@ -544,10 +544,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament (Libandla) consists of:<br> Senate (30 seats; 20 members appointed by the monarch and 10 indirectly elected by simple majority vote by the House of Assembly; members serve 5-year terms)<br>House of Assembly (70 seats statutory, current 69; 59 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies or tinkhundla by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed, 10 members appointed by the monarch, 4 women, one each representing each region, elected by the members if representation of elected women is less than 30%, and 1 ex-officio member - the attorney general; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<p>Senate - last election held on 12 October 2023 , senate fully constituted on November 5 when monarch appointed remaining 20 senators; (next to be held in 2028)<br><br>House of Assembly - last held on 29 September 2023 (next to be held in 2028)</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "Senate - last election held on 12 October 2023 , senate fully constituted on November 5 when monarch appointed remaining 20 senators; (next to be held in 2028)<br>House of Assembly - last held on 29 September 2023 (next to be held in 2028) <p> </p>"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p>Senate - percent of seats by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 17, women 13, percent of women 43% <br>House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 59; composition - men 58, women 12, percent of women 17.14%; note - total Parliament percent of women 4.1%</p>"
"text": "Senate - percent of seats by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition as of March 2024 - men 16, women 14, percentage women 46.7%<br><br>House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 59; composition as of March 2024 - men 58, women 16, percent of women 17.14%; total Parliament percentage women 28.8%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1146,9 +1146,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Eswatini has stable relations with South Africa but claims large sections of South African territory based on the historic extent of Swazi control during the early 19th century; despite periodic negotiations, there has been little progress in resolving the dispute </p>"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"tier rating": {
"text": "Tier 2 Watch List &mdash; Eswatini does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; Eswatini established multi-agency emergency response teams to respond to trafficking victim identification; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared with the previous year, to expand its anti-trafficking capacity; the lack of government coordination and leadership of the Prevention of People Trafficking and Smuggling Secretariat continued to hinder efforts; the government did not allocate funding for the Prevention of People Trafficking and People Smuggling Task Force to coordinate anti-trafficking efforts; the lack of specialized training for front-line officers continued to hamper efforts; serious allegations of trafficking and victim abuse by senior government officials have remained pending for multiple years; the first shelter for victims refurbished in collaboration with foreign donor support remained inoperative for the second consecutive year; therefore, Eswatini remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year (2023)"

7
africa/za.json
View file

@ -580,7 +580,7 @@
"text": "last held on 12 August 2021 (next to be held in 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - UPND 53.9%, PF 38.1%, PNUP 0.6%, independent 7.4%; seats by party - UPND 82, PF 62, PNUP 1, independent 11; composition as of February 2024 - men 142, women 25, percent of women 15%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - UPND 53.9%, PF 38.1%, PNUP 0.6%, independent 7.4%; seats by party - UPND 82, PF 62, PNUP 1, independent 11; composition as of February 2024 - men 142, women 25, percentage women 15%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1233,16 +1233,13 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Zambia had military conscription from 1975-1980"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "925 Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (2023)"
"text": "930 Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Zambia Defense Forces (ZDF) are responsible for preserving the country’s sovereignty and territorial integrity; it also has some domestic security responsibilities in cases of national emergency; border security and support to African and UN peacekeeping operations are priorities; the ZDF is part of the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Standby Force and participates in multinational training exercises; it has received training assistance from China and the US<br><br>the Army’s principal combat forces are three light infantry brigades, supported by armored and artillery regiments; it also has a maritime patrol unit to provide security for the country’s lakes and rivers; the Air Force has small numbers of mostly Chinese-made combat aircraft and helicopters <br><br>the ZDF traces its roots to the Northern Rhodesia Regiment, which was raised by the British colonial government to fight in World War II; the ZDF was established in 1964 from units of the dissolved Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland armed forces; it participated in a number of regional conflicts during the 1970s and 1980s; Zambia actively supported independence movements such as the Union for the Total Liberation of Angola (UNITA), the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), the African National Congress of South Africa (ANC), and the South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Zambia-Angola: </em>because the straight-line segments along the left bank (Zambian side) of the Cuando/Kwando River do not conform with the physical alignment of the unstable shoreline, Zambian residents in some areas have settled illegally on sections of shoreline that fall on the Angolan side of the boundary<em><br><br>Zambia-Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC): </em>boundary commission continues discussions over Congolese-administered triangle of land on the right bank of the Lunkinda River claimed by Zambia near the DRC village of Pweto</p> <p><em>Zambia-Tanzania</em>: some drug smuggling may take place across the Zambia-Tanzania border; there are no known current territorial issues, as both states have continued to recognize the colonial boundaries last modified in 1937; the boundary in Lake Tanganyika remains undefined.<br><br><em>Zambia-Zimbabwe: </em>in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; in May 2021, Botswana and Zambia agreed in principle to let Zimbabwe be a partner in the bridge project as it enters its lasts phase</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "8,436 (Burundi) (2023); 62,660 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)"

7
africa/zi.json
View file

@ -583,10 +583,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate (80 seats; 60 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - 6 seats in each of the 10 provinces - by proportional representation vote, 16 indirectly elected by the regional governing councils, 18 reserved for the National Council Chiefs, and 2 reserved for members with disabilities; members serve 5-year terms)<br><br>National Assembly (280 seats; 210 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 60 seats reserved for women directly elected by proportional representation vote and 10 additional seats reserved for candidates aged between 21 and 35 directly elected by proportional representation, members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<p>Senate - last held for elected member on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028)<br>National Assembly - last held on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028) note: a by election was held on 11 November 2023 due to the death of a candidate during the August general election; a special by election was held on 9 December 2023 after nine opposition lawmakers were removed from their seats and disqualified from running again; another by election was held 3 February 2024 for six open seats</p>"
"text": "<p>Senate - last held for elected member on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028)<br><br>National Assembly - last held on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028); note: a by-election was held on 11 November 2023 due to the death of a candidate during the August general election; a special by election was held on 9 December 2023 after nine opposition lawmakers were removed from their seats and disqualified from running again; another by-election was held 3 February 2024 for six open seats</p>"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<p>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 33, CCC- 27, Chiefs 18, people with disabilities 2; composition as of February 2024 - men 36, women 35, percent of women 49.3%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 190, CCC-93; composition as of February 2024 - men 192, women 75, percent of women 28.1%; note - total Parliament percent of women 32.5%</p>"
"text": "<p><br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 33, CCC- 27, Chiefs 18, people with disabilities 2; composition as of February 2024 - men 36, women 35, percentage of women 49.3%<br><br>National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 190, CCC-93; composition as of February 2024 - men 192, women 75, percentage women 28.1%; total Parliament percentage women 32.5%</p>"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1226,9 +1226,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Zimbabwe-Mozambique: none identified<br><br>Zimbabwe-South Africa: </em>South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration<em><br><br>Zimbabwe-Zambia: </em>in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; in May 2021, Botswana and Zambia agreed in principle to let Zimbabwe be a partner in the bridge project as it enters its lasts phase</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "9,931 (Mozambique) (2023); 12,293 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)"

7
antarctica/ay.json
View file

@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
"text": "slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US"
},
"Land boundaries": {
"text": "0 <p><strong>note:</strong> see entry on Disputes - international</p>"
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> see entry on Disputes - international"
},
"Coastline": {
"text": "17,968 km"
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
},
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "no indigenous inhabitants, but there are both year-round and summer-only staffed research stations<br><br><strong>note: </strong>56 countries have signed the 1959 Antarctic Treaty; 30 of those operate through their National Antarctic Program a number of seasonal-only (summer) and year-round research stations on the continent and its nearby islands south of 60 degrees south latitude (the region covered by the Antarctic Treaty); the population engaging in and supporting science or managing and protecting the Antarctic region varies from approximately 5,000 in summer to 1,100 in winter; in addition, approximately 1,000 personnel, including ship's crew and scientists doing onboard research, are present in the waters of the treaty region<br>as of 2024, peak summer (December-February) maximum capacity in scientific stations - 4,713 total; Argentina 425, Australia 238, Belarus 15, Belgium 55, Brazil 64, Bulgaria 25, Chile 375, China 164, Czechia 32, Ecuador 35, Finland 16, France 136, France and Italy jointly 70, Germany 60, India 72, Italy 150, Japan 130, South Korea 158, New Zealand 85, Norway 60, Peru 30, Poland 41, Russia 211, South Africa 80, Spain 79, Sweden 16, Ukraine 15, United Kingdom 315, United States 1,495 , Uruguay 66 (2024)<br><br>winter (June-August) maximum capacity in scientific station - 1,056 total; Argentina 221, Australia 52, Brazil 15, Chile 114, China 32, France 24, France and Italy jointly 13, Germany 9, India 48, Japan 40, Netherlands 10, South Korea 25, NZ 11, Norway 7, Poland 16, Russia 125, South Africa 15, Ukraine 12, UK 44, US 215, Uruguay 8 (2024 est.) <br><br>research stations operated within the Antarctic Treaty area (south of 60 degrees south latitude) by National Antarctic Programs year-round stations - approximately 47 total; Argentina 6, Australia 3, Brazil 1, Chile 4, China 2, France 1, France and Italy jointly 1, Germany 2, India 2, Japan 1, South Korea 2, NZ 1, Norway 1, Poland 1, Russia 5, South Africa 1, Ukraine 1, UK 8, US 3, Uruguay 1 (2024)<br><br>a range of seasonal-only (summer) stations, camps, refuges, depots, and laboratories - Argentina, Australia, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Czechia, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, South Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, US, and Uruguay (2024)<br><br>in addition, during the austral summer some nations have numerous occupied locations such as tent camps, summer-long temporary facilities, and mobile traverses in support of research"
"text": "no indigenous inhabitants, but staff is present at year-round and summer-only research stations<br><br><strong>note: </strong>56 countries have signed the 1959 Antarctic Treaty; 30 of those operate through their National Antarctic Program a number of seasonal-only (summer) and year-round research stations on the continent and its nearby islands south of 60 degrees south latitude (the region covered by the Antarctic Treaty); the population engaging in and supporting science or managing and protecting the Antarctic region varies from approximately 5,000 in summer to 1,100 in winter; in addition, approximately 1,000 personnel, including ship's crew and scientists doing onboard research, are present in the waters of the treaty region<br><br>as of 2024, peak summer (December-February) maximum capacity in scientific stations - 4,713 total; Argentina 425, Australia 238, Belarus 15, Belgium 55, Brazil 64, Bulgaria 25, Chile 375, China 164, Czechia 32, Ecuador 35, Finland 16, France 136, France and Italy jointly 70, Germany 60, India 72, Italy 150, Japan 130, South Korea 158, New Zealand 85, Norway 60, Peru 30, Poland 41, Russia 211, South Africa 80, Spain 79, Sweden 16, Ukraine 15, United Kingdom 315, United States 1,495 , Uruguay 66 (2024)<br><br>winter (June-August) maximum capacity in scientific station - 1,056 total; Argentina 221, Australia 52, Brazil 15, Chile 114, China 32, France 24, France and Italy jointly 13, Germany 9, India 48, Japan 40, Netherlands 10, South Korea 25, NZ 11, Norway 7, Poland 16, Russia 125, South Africa 15, Ukraine 12, UK 44, US 215, Uruguay 8 (2024) <br><br>research stations operated within the Antarctic Treaty area (south of 60 degrees south latitude) by National Antarctic Programs year-round stations - approximately 47 total; Argentina 6, Australia 3, Brazil 1, Chile 4, China 2, France 1, France and Italy jointly 1, Germany 2, India 2, Japan 1, South Korea 2, NZ 1, Norway 1, Poland 1, Russia 5, South Africa 1, Ukraine 1, UK 8, US 3, Uruguay 1 (2024)<br><br>a range of seasonal-only (summer) stations, camps, refuges, depots, and laboratories - Argentina, Australia, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Czechia, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, South Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, US, and Uruguay (2024)<br><br>in addition, during the austral summer some nations have numerous occupied locations such as tent camps, summer-long temporary facilities, and mobile traverses in support of research"
}
},
"Environment": {
@ -243,8 +243,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>the Antarctic Treaty freezes, and most states do not recognize, the land and maritime territorial claims made by Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the UK (some overlapping) for three-fourths of the continent; the US and Russia reserve the right to make claims</p>"
}
}
}

3
antarctica/bv.json
View file

@ -222,8 +222,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

5
antarctica/fs.json
View file

@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "no indigenous inhabitants",
"note": "<strong>Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): </strong>uninhabited but has a meteorological station<br><strong>Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): </strong>uninhabited but is frequently visited by fishermen and has a scientific research cabin for short stays<br> <strong>Iles Crozet</strong>: uninhabited except for 18 to 30 people staffing the Alfred Faure research station on Ile del la Possession<br> <strong>Iles Kerguelen:</strong> 50 to 100 scientists are located at the main base at Port-aux-Francais on Ile Kerguelen<br> <strong>Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): </strong>uninhabitable<br> <strong>Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): </strong>a small French military garrison and a few meteorologists on each possession; visited by scientists<br> <strong>Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): </strong>uninhabited, except for visits by scientists"
"note": "<strong>Ile Amsterdam (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): </strong>uninhabited but has a meteorological station<br><strong>Ile Saint-Paul (Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul): </strong>uninhabited but is frequently visited by fishermen and has a scientific research cabin for short stays<br><strong>Iles Crozet</strong>: uninhabited except for 18 to 30 people staffing the Alfred Faure research station on Ile del la Possession<br><strong>Iles Kerguelen:</strong> 50 to 100 scientists are located at the main base at Port-aux-Francais on Ile Kerguelen<br><strong>Bassas da India (Iles Eparses): </strong>uninhabitable<br><strong>Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): </strong>a small French military garrison and a few meteorologists on each possession; visited by scientists<br><strong>Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): </strong>uninhabited, visited by scientists"
},
"Age structure": {
"0-14 years": {
@ -233,8 +233,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "see France"
}
}
}

5
antarctica/hm.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>American sailor John HEARD discovered Heard Island in 1853 and thought it was a glacier that had broken away from Antarctica. Fellow American William MCDONALD discovered the McDonald Islands the following year. Starting in 1855, sealers lived on the islands harvesting elephant seal oil; by the time the practice was ended in 1877, most of the islands’ seals were killed. The UK formally claimed the islands in 1910 and Australian explorer Douglas MAWSON visited Heard Island in 1929. In 1947, the UK transferred the islands to Australia for its Antarctica research, but Australia closed the research station on Heard Island in 1954 when it opened a new research station on the Antarctic continent. McDonald Island has been an active volcano since it emerged from dormancy in 1992, and the island doubled in size after an eruption in 1996. In 1997, the islands were named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Populated by a large number of bird species, seals, and penguins, the islands are primarily used for research with limited fishing being permitted in the surrounding waters.</p> <p style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt; background: white;\"> </p>"
"text": "<p>American sailor John HEARD discovered Heard Island in 1853 and thought it was a glacier that had broken away from Antarctica. Fellow American William MCDONALD discovered the McDonald Islands the following year. Starting in 1855, sealers lived on the islands and harvested elephant seal oil; by the time the practice was ended in 1877, most of the islands’ seals were killed. The UK formally claimed the islands in 1910, and Australian explorer Douglas MAWSON visited Heard Island in 1929. In 1947, the UK transferred the islands to Australia for its Antarctica research, but Australia closed the research station on Heard Island in 1954 when it opened a new research station on the Antarctic continent. McDonald Island has been an active volcano since it emerged from dormancy in 1992, and the island doubled in size after an eruption in 1996. In 1997, the islands were named a UNESCO World Heritage site. Populated by a large number of bird species, seals, and penguins, the islands are primarily used for research, with limited fishing permitted in the surrounding waters.</p> <p style=\"margin: 0in; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt; background: white;\"> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -242,9 +242,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "none identified"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "NA"
}

5
australia-oceania/aq.json
View file

@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
"text": "Senate - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held on 5 November 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 18; composition - men 17, women 1; percentage women 5.6%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 20, women 1; percentage women 4.8%; note - total Legislature percentage women 5.1%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 18; composition - men 17, women 1; percentage women 5.6%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 20, women 1; percentage women 4.8%; total Legislature percentage women 5.1%"
},
"note": "<strong id=\"tinymce\" class=\"mce-content-body \" style=\"font-size: 18px;\" contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"false\" data-id=\"field_notes\">note:</strong> American Samoa elects 1 member by simple majority popular vote to serve a 2-year term as a delegate to the US House of Representatives; the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote; election of delegate last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2022); Amata Coleman RADEWAGEN elected delegate; Amata Coleman RADEWAGEN (Republican Party) 83.5%, Oreta CHRICHTON (Democratic Party) 14.4%, Meleagi SUITONU-CHAPMAN (Democratic Party) 2.1%"
},
@ -827,8 +827,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

7
australia-oceania/as.json
View file

@ -576,10 +576,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Federal Parliament consists of:<br>Senate (76 seats; 12 members from each of the 6 states and 2 each from the 2 mainland territories; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of state membership renewed every 3 years and territory membership renewed every 3 years)<br>House of Representatives (151 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by majority preferential vote; members serve terms of up to 3 years)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 21 May 2022 (next to be held in May 2025)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 21 May 2022 (next to be held in May 2025)"
"text": "Senate - last held on 21 May 2022 (next to be held in May 2025)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 21 May 2022 (next to be held in May 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition - Liberal/National Coalition 40.7%, ALP 34.2%, Greens 14.5%, Pauline Hansen's One Nation 2.6%, Jacqui Lambee Network 2.6%, United Australia Party 1.3%, independent 3.9%; seats by party/coalition - Liberal/National Coalition 31, ALP 26, Australian Greens 11, Pauline Hansen's One Nation 2, Jacqui Lambee Network 2, United Australia Party 1, independent 3; composition as of April 2024 - 33 men, 42 women; percentage women 56%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - ALP 50.9%, Coalition 36.4%, 7.9%, 2.6%, others less than 1%; seats by party/coalition - ALP 77, Coalition 55, independent 12, Greens 4, Katter's 1, Center Alliance 1, vacant 1; composition as of April 2024 - 92 men, 59 women; percentage women 39.1%; note - total Federal Parliament percentage women 44.7%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party/coalition - Liberal/National Coalition 40.7%, ALP 34.2%, Greens 14.5%, Pauline Hansen's One Nation 2.6%, Jacqui Lambee Network 2.6%, United Australia Party 1.3%, independent 3.9%; seats by party/coalition - Liberal/National Coalition 31, ALP 26, Australian Greens 11, Pauline Hansen's One Nation 2, Jacqui Lambee Network 2, United Australia Party 1, independent 3; composition as of April 2024 - 33 men, 42 women; percentage women 56%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - ALP 50.9%, Coalition 36.4%, 7.9%, 2.6%, others less than 1%; seats by party/coalition - ALP 77, Coalition 55, independent 12, Greens 4, Katter's 1, Center Alliance 1, vacant 1; composition as of April 2024 - 92 men, 59 women; percentage women 39.1%; total Federal Parliament percentage women 44.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1275,9 +1275,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Australia-Indonesia:</em> Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef <em><br></em></p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "12,180 (Iran), 8,741 (Afghanistan), 5,042 (Pakistan) (mid-year 2022)"

3
australia-oceania/at.json
View file

@ -209,9 +209,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Australia-Indonesia:</em>  Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "NA"
}

5
australia-oceania/bp.json
View file

@ -509,7 +509,7 @@
"text": "last held on 3 April 2019 (next originally scheduled for April 2023 but delayed until 17 April 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - UDP 10.7%, DAP 7.8%, PAP 4.4%, independent 56.3%, other 20.8%; seats by party - DAP 7, UDP 5, PAP 3, KPSI 1, SIPFP 1, SIPRA 1, independent 32; composition - men 46, women 4, percent of women 8%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - UDP 10.7%, DAP 7.8%, PAP 4.4%, independent 56.3%, other 20.8%; seats by party - DAP 7, UDP 5, PAP 3, KPSI 1, SIPFP 1, SIPRA 1, independent 32; composition as of December 2020 - men 46, women 4, percentage women 8%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1101,9 +1101,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "none identified"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"tier rating": {
"text": "Tier 2 Watch List &mdash; Solomon Islands does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; these efforts included developing a communication and implementation strategy for its National Action Plan and raising awareness of trafficking; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared with the previous reporting period, to expand its anti-trafficking capacity; authorities did not identify or assist victims, and protection services remained inadequate; officials did not initiate any trafficking investigations or prosecutions and, for the third consecutive year, did not convict any traffickers; the government did not conduct anti-trafficking training for its police or judicial officials who lack an understanding of trafficking; for the fourth consecutive year, authorities did not conduct systematic monitoring and inspection activities at logging sites or in the fishing or mining sectors, despite clear indicators of trafficking; therefore, Solomon Islands was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (2023)"

3
australia-oceania/ck.json
View file

@ -451,8 +451,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none</p>"
}
}
}

7
australia-oceania/cq.json
View file

@ -426,10 +426,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Northern Marianas Commonwealth Legislature consists of:<br>Senate (9 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)<br>House of Representatives (20 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 2-year terms)<br><br>the Northern Mariana Islands directly elects 1 delegate to the US House of Representatives by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>CNMI Senate - last held on 8 November 2020 (next to be held on 5 November 2024)<br>CNMI House of Representatives - last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 5 November 2024)<br>Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands delegate to the US House of Representatives - last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 5 November 2024)"
"text": "CNMI Senate - last held on 8 November 2020 (next to be held on 5 November 2024)<br>CNMI House of Representatives - last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 5 November 2024)<br>Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands delegate to the US House of Representatives - last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 5 November 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>CNMI Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 6, independent 3; composition as of January 2023 - men 6, women 3, percentage women 33.3%<br><br>CNMI House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 9, Democrat Party 8, independent 3; composition as of January 2023 - men 17, women 3, percentage women 15%; total Commonwealth Legislature percentage women 20.7%<br><br>Northern Mariana Islands delegate to US House of Representatives - seat won by independent; composition - 1 man"
"text": "CNMI Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 6, independent 3; composition as of January 2023 - men 6, women 3, percentage women 33.3%<br><br>CNMI House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 9, Democrat Party 8, independent 3; composition as of January 2023 - men 17, women 3, percentage women 15%; total Commonwealth Legislature percentage women 20.7%<br><br>Northern Mariana Islands delegate to US House of Representatives - seat won by independent; composition - 1 man"
},
"note": "<strong id=\"tinymce\" class=\"mce-content-body \" style=\"font-size: 18px;\" contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"false\" data-id=\"field_notes\">note:</strong> the Northern Mariana Islands delegate to the US House of Representatives can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the \"Committee of the Whole House\" but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote"
},
@ -781,8 +781,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

7
australia-oceania/cr.json
View file

@ -79,8 +79,8 @@
},
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "(July 2021 est.) no indigenous inhabitants",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> there is a staff of four at the meteorological station on Willis Island"
"text": "no indigenous inhabitants (2021)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a staff of four operates the meteorological station on Willis Island"
},
"Age structure": {
"0-14 years": {
@ -213,8 +213,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

8
australia-oceania/cw.json
View file

@ -99,8 +99,7 @@
},
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "7,939 (2023 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Cook Islands' Ministry of Finance &amp; Economic Management estimated the resident population to have been 11,700 in September 2016"
"text": "7,939 (2023 est.)"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -471,7 +470,7 @@
"text": "last held on 1 August 2022 (next to be held by 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - CIP 44%, Demo 26.9%, Cook Islands United Party 26.9%, OCI 2.7%, other 0.2% independent 7.3%; seats by party - CIP 12, Demo 5, Cook Islands United Party 3, OCI 1, independent 3; composition as of September 2023 - men 18, women 6, percent of women 25%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - CIP 44%, Demo 26.9%, Cook Islands United Party 26.9%, OCI 2.7%, other 0.2% independent 7.3%; seats by party - CIP 12, Demo 5, Cook Islands United Party 3, OCI 1, independent 3; composition as of September 2023 - men 18, women 6, percentage women 25%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -885,8 +884,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

9
australia-oceania/fj.json
View file

@ -531,10 +531,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Parliament (55 seats; members directly elected in a nationwide, multi-seat constituency by open-list proportional representation vote with a 5% electoral threshold; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 14 December 2022 (next to be held in 2026)"
"text": "last held on 14 December 2022 (next to be held in 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - FijiFirst 42.5%, People's Alliance 35.8%, NFP 8.9%, SODELPA 5.1%, other 7.7%; seats by party - FijiFirst 26, People's Alliance 21, NFP 5, SODELPA 3; composition as of February 2024 - men 50, women 5, percentage women 9.1%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - FijiFirst 42.5%, People's Alliance 35.8%, NFP 8.9%, SODELPA 5.1%, other 7.7%; seats by party - FijiFirst 26, People's Alliance 21, NFP 5, SODELPA 3; composition as of February&nbsp;2024 - men 50, women 5, percentage women 9.1%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1167,15 +1167,12 @@
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; mandatory retirement at age 55 (2023)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "170 Egypt (MFO); 160 Iraq (UNAMI); 150 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (2023)"
"text": "170 Egypt (MFO); 160 Iraq (UNAMI); 150 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "established in 1920,<strong> </strong>the RFMF is a small and lightly-armed force with a history of intervening in the country’s politics, including coups in 1987 and 2006, and a mutiny in 2000, and it continues to have significant political power; the RFMF is responsible for external security but can be assigned some domestic security responsibilities in specific circumstances; it also has a tradition of participating in UN peacekeeping operations, having sent troops on nearly 20 such missions since first deploying personnel  to South Lebanon in 1978; these deployments have offered experience and a source of financial support; the RFMF has an infantry regiment and a small naval element comprised of patrol boats <br><br>Fiji has a \"shiprider\" agreement with the US, which allows local maritime law enforcement officers to embark on US Coast Guard (USCG) and US Navy (USN) vessels, including to board and search vessels suspected of violating laws or regulations within Fiji's designated exclusive economic zone (EEZ) or on the high seas; \"shiprider\" agreements also enable USCG personnel and USN vessels with embarked USCG law enforcement personnel to work with host nations to protect critical regional resources (2023)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<em>Fiji-Tonga</em>: Fiji does not recognize Tonga’s 1972 claim to the Minerva Reefs and their surrounding waters"
}
}
}

7
australia-oceania/fm.json
View file

@ -474,10 +474,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Congress (14 seats; 10 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 2-year terms and 4 at- large members directly elected from each of the 4 states by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 7 March 2023 (next to be held in March 2025)"
"text": "last held on 7 March 2023 (next to be held in March 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote - NA; seats by party - independent 14; composition as of February 2024 - men 11, women 2; percentage women 15.4%"
"text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party - independent 14; composition as of February 2024 - men 11, women 2; percentage women 15.4%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -970,9 +970,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "major consumer of cannabis"
}

9
australia-oceania/fp.json
View file

@ -418,7 +418,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017), represented by High Commissioner of the Republic Eric Spitz (since 23 September 2022)"
"text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017), represented by High Commissioner of the Republic Eric SPITZ (since 23 September 2022)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "President of French Polynesia Moetai BROTHERSON (since 12 May 2023)"
@ -435,10 +435,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Assembly of French Polynesia or Assembl&eacute;e de la Polyn&eacute;sie fran&ccedil;aise (57 seats; elections held in 2 rounds; in the second round, 38 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by a closed-list proportional representation vote; the party receiving the most votes gets an additional 19 seats; members serve 5-year terms; French Polynesia indirectly elects 2 senators to the French Senate via an electoral college by absolute majority vote for 6-year terms with one-half the membership renewed every 3 years and directly elects 3 deputies to the French National Assembly by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for 5-year terms"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Assembly of French Polynesia - last held on 16 and 30 April 2023 (next to be held in 2028)<br>French Senate - last held on 24 September 2023 (next to be held on 30 September 2026)<br>French National Assembly - last held in 2 rounds on 12 and 19 June 2022 (next to be held in 2027)"
"text": "Assembly of French Polynesia - last held on 16 and 30 April 2023 (next to be held in 2028)<br><br>French Senate - last held on 24 September 2023 (next to be held on 30 September 2026)<br><br>French National Assembly - last held in 2 rounds on 12 and 19 June 2022 (next to be held in 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Assembly of French Polynesia - percent of vote by party - People's Servant Party 66.7%; List of the People 26.3%, I Love Polynesia 5.3%, Rally of Mahoi People 1.8%; seats by party - People's Servant People 38; List of the People 15, I Love Polynesia 3, Rally of the Mahoi People 1, composition - men 29, women 28, percentage women 49.1%<br><br>French Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Popular Rally 1, People's Servant Party 1; composition - NA<br><br>French National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - People's Servant Party 3; composition - NA"
"text": "Assembly of French Polynesia - percent of vote by party - People's Servant Party 66.7%; List of the People 26.3%, I Love Polynesia 5.3%, Rally of Mahoi People 1.8%; seats by party - People's Servant People 38; List of the People 15, I Love Polynesia 3, Rally of the Mahoi People 1, composition as of April 2024 - men 29, women 28, percentage women 49.1%<br><br>French Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Popular Rally 1, People's Servant Party 1; composition - NA<br><br>French National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - People's Servant Party 3; composition - NA"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -953,8 +953,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

13
australia-oceania/gq.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Guam was settled by Austronesian people around 1500 B.C. These people became the indigenous Chamorro and were influenced by later migrations, including the Micronesians in the first millennium A.D., and island Southeast Asians around 900. Society was stratified with higher classes living along the coast and lower classes living inland. Spanish explorer Ferdinand MAGELLAN was the first European to see Guam in 1521, and Spain claimed the island in 1565 as it served as a refueling stop for ships between Mexico and the Philippines. Spain formally colonized Guam in 1668. Spain’s brutal repression of the Chamorro, along with new diseases and intermittent warfare, reduced the indigenous population from more than 100,000 to less than 5,000 by the 1700s. Spain tried to repopulate the island by forcing people from nearby islands to settle on Guam and preventing them from escaping.<br><br>Guam became a hub for whalers and traders in the western Pacific in the early 1800s. During the 1898 Spanish-American War, the US Navy occupied Guam and set up a military administration. The US Navy opposed local control of government despite repeated petitions by the Chamorro. Japan invaded Guam in 1941 and instituted a repressive regime. During the US recapture of Guam in 1944, the island’s two largest villages were destroyed. After World War II, political pressure from local Chamorro leaders led to Guam being established as an unincorporated organized territory in 1950 with US citizenship granted to all Chamorro. In a referendum in 1982, more than 75% of voters chose closer relations with the US over independence, although no change in status was made because of disagreements on the future right of Chamorro self-determination. The US military holds about 29% of Guam’s land and stations several thousand troops on the island. The installations are some of the most strategically important US bases in the Pacific; they also constitute the island’s most important source of income and economic stability.</p>"
"text": "<p>Guam was settled by Austronesian people around 1500 B.C. These people became the indigenous Chamorro and were influenced by later migrations, including the Micronesians in the first millennium A.D., and island Southeast Asians around 900. Society was stratified, with higher classes living along the coast and lower classes living inland. Spanish explorer Ferdinand MAGELLAN was the first European to see Guam in 1521, and Spain claimed the island in 1565 because it served as a refueling stop for ships between Mexico and the Philippines. Spain formally colonized Guam in 1668. Spain’s brutal repression of the Chamorro, along with new diseases and intermittent warfare, reduced the indigenous population from more than 100,000 to less than 5,000 by the 1700s. Spain tried to repopulate the island by forcing people from nearby islands to settle on Guam and preventing them from escaping.<br><br>Guam became a hub for whalers and traders in the western Pacific in the early 1800s. During the 1898 Spanish-American War, the US Navy occupied Guam and set up a military administration. The US Navy opposed local control of government despite repeated petitions from the Chamorro. Japan invaded Guam in 1941 and instituted a repressive regime. During the US recapture of Guam in 1944, the island’s two largest villages were destroyed. After World War II, political pressure from local Chamorro leaders led to Guam being established as an unincorporated organized US territory in 1950, with US citizenship granted to all Chamorro. In a referendum in 1982, more than 75% of voters chose closer relations with the US over independence, although no change in status was made because of disagreements on the future right of Chamorro self-determination. The US military holds about 29% of Guam’s land and stations several thousand troops on the island. The installations are some of the most strategically important US bases in the Pacific; they also constitute the island’s most important source of income and economic stability.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -107,10 +107,10 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Chamorro 37.3%, Filipino 26.3%, White 7.1%, Chuukese 7%, Korean 2.2%, other Pacific Islander 2%, other Asian 2%, Chinese 1.6%, Palauan 1.6%, Japanese 1.5%, Pohnpeian 1.4%, mixed 9.4%, other 0.6% (2010 est.)"
"text": "Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander 46.1% (Chamorro 32.8%, Chuukese 6.7%, Palauan 1.4%, Pohnpeian 1.4%, Yapese 1%, other Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander 2.8%), Asian 35.5% (Filipino 29.1%, Korean 2.2%, Japanese 1.4%, Chinese (except Taiwanese) 1.3%, other Asian 1.5%), White 6.8%, African descent or African-American 0.9%, Indigenous 0.1%, other 0.6%, mixed 10% (2020 est.)"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "English 43.6%, Filipino 21.2%, Chamorro 17.8%, other Pacific island languages 10%, Asian languages 6.3%, other 1.1% (2010 est.)"
"text": "English 43.3%, Filipino 24.9%, Chamorro 16%, other Pacific Island languages 9.4%, Asian languages 6.5% (2020 est.)"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic) 94.2%, folk religions 1.5%, Buddhist 1.1%, other 1.6%, unaffiliated 1.7% (2020 est.)"
@ -431,10 +431,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Legislature of Guam or Liheslaturan Guahan (15 seats; members elected in a single countrywide constituency by simple majority vote to serve 2-year terms)<br>Guam directly elects 1 member by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term as the delegate to the US House of Representatives; note - the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Guam Legislature - last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 5 November 2024)<br>delegate to the US House of Representatives - last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 5 November 2024)"
"text": "Guam Legislature - last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 5 November 2024)<br>delegate to the US House of Representatives - last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 5 November 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Guam Legislature - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 9, Republican Party 6; composition as of February 2024 - men 9, women 6, percent of women 40%<br><br>Guam delegate to the US House of Representatives - Democratic Party 1 (man)"
"text": "Guam Legislature - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 9, Republican Party 6; composition as of February 2024 - men 9, women 6, percent of women 40%<br><br>Guam delegate to the US House of Representatives - Democratic Party 1 (man)"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -886,8 +886,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "none identified"
}
}
}

7
australia-oceania/kr.json
View file

@ -521,10 +521,10 @@
"text": "unicameral House of Assembly or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (46 seats; 44 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in two rounds if needed; 1 member appointed by the Rabi Council of Leaders - representing Banaba Island, and 1 ex officio member - the attorney general; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>legislative elections originally scheduled to be held in two rounds on 7 and 15 April 2020 but rescheduled for 14 and 21 April 2020 (next to be held in 2024)"
"text": "legislative elections originally scheduled to be held in two rounds on 7 and 15 April 2020 but rescheduled for 14 and 21 April 2020 (next to be held in 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - TKB 22, BKM 22, appointed 1; composition as of February 2024 - 42 men, 3 women; percentage women 6.7%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - TKB 22, BKM 22, appointed 1; composition as of February 2024 - 42 men, 3 women; percentage women 6.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1063,8 +1063,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

5
australia-oceania/kt.json
View file

@ -302,7 +302,7 @@
"text": "held every 2 years with half the members standing for election; last held in October 2023 (next to be held in October 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party - independent 9; composition as of January 2024 - men 9, women 1, percent of women 11.1%"
"text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party - independent 9; composition as of January 2024 - men 8, women 1, percentage women 13%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -455,8 +455,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

7
australia-oceania/nc.json
View file

@ -433,10 +433,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Territorial Congress or Congrès du Territoire (54 seats; members indirectly selected proportionally by the partisan makeup of the 3 Provincial Assemblies or Assemblés Provinciales; members of the 3 Provincial Assemblies directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - the Customary Senate is the assembly of the various traditional councils of the Kanaks, the indigenous population, which rules on laws affecting the indigenous population<br>New Caledonia indirectly elects 2 members to the French Senate by an electoral colleges for a 6-year term with one seat renewed every 3 years and directly elects 2 members to the French National Assembly by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Territorial Congress - last held on 12 May 2019 (next to be held in May 2024)<br>French Senate - election last held on 24 September 2023 (next to be held on 30 September 2026)<br>French National Assembly - election last held on 12 and 19 June 2022 (next to be held by June 2027)"
"text": "Territorial Congress - last held on 12 May 2019 (next to be held by 15 December 2024)<br>French Senate - election last held on 24 September 2023 (next to be held on 30 September 2026)<br>French National Assembly - election last held on 12 and 19 June 2022 (next to be held by June 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Territorial Congress - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Future With Confidence 18, UNI 9, UC 9, CE 7, FLNKS 6, Oceanic Awakening 3, PT 1, LKS 1 (Anti-Independence 28, Pro-Independence 26)<br><br>French Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2<br><br>French National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CE 2"
"text": "Territorial Congress - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Future With Confidence 18, UNI 9, UC 9, CE 7, FLNKS 6, Oceanic Awakening 3, PT 1, LKS 1 (Anti-Independence 28, Pro-Independence 26)<br><br>French Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2<br><br>French National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CE 2"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -955,8 +955,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>New Caledonia-France-Vanuatu</em>: Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu</p>"
}
}
}

11
australia-oceania/ne.json
View file

@ -96,8 +96,8 @@
},
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "2,000 (July 2022 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> because of the island's limited economic and educational opportunities, Niueans have emigrated for decades - primarily to New Zealand, but also to Australia and other Pacific island states; Niue's population peaked in 1966 at 5,194, but by 2005 had fallen to 1,508; since then it has rebounded slightly; as of 2013, 23,883 people of Niuean ancestry lived in New Zealand - with more than 20% Niue-born; this means that there are about 15 times as many persons of Niuean ancestry living in New Zealand as in Niue, possibly the most eccentric population distribution in the world"
"text": "2,000 (2022 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> because of the island's limited economic and educational opportunities, Niueans have emigrated for decades - primarily to New Zealand but also to Australia and other Pacific island states; Niue's population peaked in 1966 at 5,194, but by 2005 had fallen to 1,508; since then, it has rebounded slightly; as of 2013, 23,883 people of Niuean ancestry lived in New Zealand - with more than 20% Niue-born - or about 15 times as many persons of Niuean ancestry living in New Zealand as in Niue"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -410,10 +410,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Assembly or Fono Ekepule (20 seats; 14 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 6 directly elected from the National Register or \"common roll\" by majority vote; members serve 3-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 29 April 2023 (next to be held in 2026)"
"text": "last held on 29 April 2023 (next to be held in 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 20; composition as of July 2022 - men 17, women 3, percentage women 15%"
"text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 20; composition as of July 2022 - men 17, women 3, percentage women 15%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -773,8 +773,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

5
australia-oceania/nf.json
View file

@ -360,7 +360,7 @@
"text": "unicameral Norfolk Island Regional Council (5 seats; councillors directly elected by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms); mayor elected annually by the councillors"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 28 May 2016 (next originally scheduled for 13 March 2021 was postponed); note - on 6 December 2021, the councilors of the Norfolk Island Regional Council were formally dismissed by the assistant minister who was appointed as Administrator of the Council until 2024"
"text": "last held on 28 May 2016 (next originally scheduled for 13 March 2021 but was postponed); note - on 6 December 2021, the councilors of the Norfolk Island Regional Council were formally dismissed by the assistant minister who was appointed as Administrator of the Council until 2024"
},
"election results": {
"text": "seats by party - independent 5; composition - men 4, women 1, percentage women 20%"
@ -519,8 +519,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

7
australia-oceania/nh.json
View file

@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
"text": "Ni-Vanuatu 99%, other 1% (European, Asian, other Melanesian, Polynesian, Micronesian, other) (2020 est.)"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "Indigenous languages (more than 100) 82.6%, Bislama (official; creole) 14.5%, English (official) 2.1%, French (official) 0.8% (2020 est.)",
"text": "indigenous languages (more than 100) 82.6%, Bislama (official; creole) 14.5%, English (official) 2.1%, French (official) 0.8% (2020 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent first language spoken for population aged 3 years and above"
},
"Religions": {
@ -516,7 +516,7 @@
"text": "last held on 13 October 2022 (next to be held in 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - GJP 4, NUP 4, RDP 4, IG 3, PPP 2, NCM 2, VNDP 2, LM 1, NAG 1, PUDP 1, UCM 1, VLM 1, VPDP 1, independent 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 50, women 1; percent of women 2%; note - political party associations are fluid"
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - GJP 4, NUP 4, RDP 4, IG 3, PPP 2, NCM 2, VNDP 2, LM 1, NAG 1, PUDP 1, UCM 1, VLM 1, VPDP 1, independent 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 50, women 1, percentage women 2%; note - political party associations are fluid"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of culture and language"
},
@ -1091,9 +1091,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Vanuatu-France</em>: both claim Matthew and Hunter Islands, two uninhabited islands east of New Caledonia</p>"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"tier rating": {
"text": "Tier 2 Watch List &mdash; Vanuatu does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; these efforts included sentencing four traffickers to prison, following their conviction in the previous reporting period; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared with the previous reporting period, to expand its anti-trafficking capacity; for the fourth consecutive year, authorities did not identify any trafficking victims and did not provide protection services to victims; for the third consecutive year, officials did not investigate any trafficking crimes; the government also did not conduct public awareness campaigns or administer anti-trafficking training for law enforcement officials; therefore, Vanuatu was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (2023)"

7
australia-oceania/nr.json
View file

@ -470,10 +470,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Parliament (19 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by majority vote using the \"Dowdall\" counting system by which voters rank candidates on their ballots; members serve 3-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 24 September 2022 (next to be held in September 2025)"
"text": "last held on 24 September 2022 (next to be held in September 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 19; composition as of February 2024 - men 17, women 2, percentage women 10.5%"
"text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 19; composition as of February 2024 - men 17, women 2, percentage women 10.5%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1004,9 +1004,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "140 (2022)"

12
australia-oceania/nz.json
View file

@ -548,10 +548,10 @@
"text": "unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (121 seats for 2023-26 term); 72 members directly elected in 65 single-seat constituencies and 7 Maori constituencies by simple majority vote and 49 directly elected by closed party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 3-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 14 October 2023 (next scheduled for October 2026)"
"text": "last held on 14 October 2023 (next scheduled for October 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - National Party 38.1%, Labor Party 26.9%, Green Party 11.6%, ACT Party 8.6%, New Zealand First 6.1%; Maori Party 3.1%; seats by party - National Party 48, Labor Party 34, Green Party 15, ACT Party 11, New Zealand First 8, Maori Party 6; composition as of February 2024 - 67 men, 56 women; percentage of women 45.5%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - National Party 38.1%, Labor Party 26.9%, Green Party 11.6%, ACT Party 8.6%, New Zealand First 6.1%; Maori Party 3.1%; seats by party - National Party 48, Labor Party 34, Green Party 15, ACT Party 11, New Zealand First 8, Maori Party 6; composition as of February 2024 - 67 men, 56 women; percentage of women 45.5%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -566,8 +566,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "ACT New Zealand [David SEYMOUR]<br>Green Party [Marama DAVIDSON and James SHAW]<br>New Zealand First Party or NZ First [Winston PETERS]<br>New Zealand Labor Party [Chris HIPKINS]<br>New Zealand National Party [Christopher LUXON]<br>Te Pāti Māori [Debbie NGAREWA-PACKER and Rawiri WAITITI]",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in the October 2023 general election, 11 additional parties won votes but no seats in Parliament"
"text": "ACT New Zealand [David SEYMOUR]<br>Green Party [Marama DAVIDSON and James SHAW]<br>New Zealand First Party or NZ First [Winston PETERS]<br>New Zealand Labor Party [Chris HIPKINS]<br>New Zealand National Party [Christopher LUXON]<br>Te Pāti Māori [Debbie NGAREWA-PACKER and Rawiri WAITITI]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB, ANZUS, APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CD, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF, SICA (observer), Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1204,7 +1203,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>New Zealand opened up all military occupations to women in 2000; in 2022, women accounted for about 20% of armed forces personnel<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> as of 2022, the NZDF’s program for recruiting foreign volunteers had been suspended"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "up to 220 Antarctica (summer season only) (2023)"
"text": "small numbers of NZ military personnel are deployed on a variety of international missions in Africa, Antarctica, the Asia-Pacific region, and the Middle East (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the NZDF is a small military with considerable overseas experience; it supports the country’s national security objectives by protecting New Zealand’s sovereignty, promoting its interests, safeguarding peace and security, and conducting peacekeeping, humanitarian, and other international missions; the Army’s primary combat units are an infantry brigade and a special forces regiment; the Navy has a small force of frigates and patrol vessels, while the Air Force has squadrons of maritime patrol, anti-submarine, and anti-surface warfare aircraft <br><br>New Zealand is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarily <br><br>New Zealand has been part of the Australia, New Zealand, and US Security (ANZUS) Treaty since 1951; however, the US suspended its ANZUS security obligations to New Zealand in 1986 after New Zealand implemented a policy barring nuclear-armed and nuclear-powered warships from its ports; the US and New Zealand signed the Wellington Declaration in 2010, which reaffirmed close ties between the two countries, and in 2012 signed the Washington Declaration, which provided a framework for future security cooperation and defense dialogues; in 2016, a US naval ship conducted the first bilateral warship visit to New Zealand since the 1980s; New Zealand has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2024)"
@ -1229,9 +1228,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "none identified"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "5 (2022)"

7
australia-oceania/pc.json
View file

@ -344,10 +344,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Island Council: 10 seats; (7 members - 5 councilors, the mayor, and the deputy mayor - elected by popular vote, and 3 ex officio non-voting members - the administrator, who serves as both the head of government and the representative of the governor of Pitcairn Islands, the governor, and the deputy governor; the councilors and the deputy mayor serve 2-year terms, the mayor serves a 3-year term, and the administrator is appointed by the governor for an indefinite term)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 6 November 2019 (next to be held in - NA)"
"text": "last held on 6 November 2019 (next to be held in - NA)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 5; composition - men 4, women 6, percent of women 60%"
"text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 5; composition - men 4, women 6, percent of women 60%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -485,8 +485,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

7
australia-oceania/ps.json
View file

@ -494,10 +494,10 @@
"text": "bicameral National Congress or Olbiil Era Kelulau consists of:<br>Senate (13 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by majority vote to serve 4-year terms)<br>House of Delegates (16 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)<br>House of Delegates - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)"
"text": "Senate - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)<br>House of Delegates - last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 13; composition as of February 2024 - men 12, women 1; percentage women 7.7%<br><br>House of Delegates - percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 16; composition as of February 2024 - men 15, women 1; percentage women 6.3%; note - total National Congress percentage women 6.9%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 13; composition as of February 2024 - men 12, women 1; percentage women 7.7%<br><br>House of Delegates - percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 16; composition as of February 2024 - men 15, women 1; percentage women 6.3%; note - total National Congress percentage women 6.9%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -928,8 +928,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>discussions on reaching agreements with Indonesia and the Philippiness on a partial EEZ boundary line continue </p>"
}
}
}

7
australia-oceania/rm.json
View file

@ -511,10 +511,10 @@
"text": "unicameral National Parliament consists of:<br>Nitijela (33 seats; members in 19 single- and 5 multi-seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms); note - the Council of Iroij, a 12-member group of tribal leaders advises the Presidential Cabinet and reviews legislation affecting customary law or any traditional practice); members appointed to serve 1-year terms"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>last held on 20 November 2023 (next to be held in November 2027)"
"text": "last held on 20 November 2023 (next to be held in November 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br></em>percent of vote by party - NA; seats by part - independent 33; composition as of February 2024 - men 29, women 4, percent of women 12.1%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by part - independent 33; composition as of February 2024 - men 29, women 4, percent of women 12.1%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -957,9 +957,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Marshall Islands-US</em>: claims US territory of Wake Island; the Marshall Islands put its claim on record with the UN in 2016</p> <p> </p>"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"tier rating": {
"text": "Tier 2 Watch List &mdash; Marshall Islands does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; officials identified a labor trafficking victim, conducted awareness-raising activities, and continued to investigate a government official allegedly complicit in trafficking; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared with the previous reporting period, to expand its anti-trafficking capacity; the government did not prosecute any traffickers for the third consecutive year and has not convicted any traffickers since 2011; officials did not use standard operating procedures to identify trafficking victims and penalized victims for immigration offenses committed as a direct result of being trafficked; law enforcement officials, who have a limited understanding of trafficking, did not receive anti-trafficking training, nor did the government provide adequate financial and technical resources for anti-trafficking efforts; therefore, Marshall Islands was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (2023)"

5
australia-oceania/tl.json
View file

@ -385,7 +385,7 @@
"text": "last held on 26 January 2023 depending on island (next to be held in January 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 20; composition - men 17, women 3, percent of women 15%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 20; composition - men 17, women 3, percentage women 15%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -589,8 +589,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Tokelau-American Samoa (US)</em>: Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island (Olosega) in its 2006 draft independence constitution; Swains Island has been administered by American Samoa since 1925; the 1980 Treaty of Tokehega delineates the maritime boundary between American Samoa and Tokelau; while not specifically mentioning Swains Island, the treaty notes in its preamble that New Zealand does not claim as part of Tokelau any island administered as part of American Samoa</p>"
}
}
}

5
australia-oceania/tn.json
View file

@ -535,7 +535,7 @@
"text": "last held on 18 November 2021 (next to be held in November 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote - NA; seats by party - independent 11, nobles' representatives 9, DPFI 3, TPPI 3; composition as of February 2024 - men 26, women 2, percent of women 7.1%"
"text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party - independent 11, nobles' representatives 9, DPFI 3, TPPI 3; composition as of February 2024 - men 26, women 2, percentage women 7.1%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1126,8 +1126,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Tonga-Fiji</em>: Fiji does not recognize Tonga’s 1972 claim to the Minerva Reefs and their surrounding waters</p> <p> </p>"
}
}
}

5
australia-oceania/tv.json
View file

@ -512,7 +512,7 @@
"text": "last held on 26 January 2024 (next to be held in January 2028)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 16 (10 members reelected); composition as of February 2024 - 16 men, 0 women; percent women 0%"
"text": "percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 16; composition as of February 2024 - 16 men, 0 women, percentage women 0%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -951,8 +951,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

5
australia-oceania/um.json
View file

@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "no indigenous inhabitants",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> public entry is only by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service and generally restricted to scientists and educators; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service <br><br><strong>Jarvis Island:</strong> Millersville settlement on western side of island occasionally used as a weather station from 1935 until World War II, when it was abandoned; reoccupied in 1957 during the International Geophysical Year by scientists who left in 1958; currently unoccupied <br><br><strong>Johnston Atoll:</strong> in previous years, an average of 1,100 US military and civilian contractor personnel were present; as of May 2005, all US Government personnel had left the island <br><br><strong>Midway Islands:</strong> approximately 40 people make up the staff of US Fish and Wildlife Service and their services contractor living at the atoll <br><br><strong>Palmyra Atoll:</strong> four to 20 Nature Conservancy, US Fish and Wildlife staff, and researchers"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> public entry is only by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service and generally restricted to scientists and educators; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service <br><br><strong>Jarvis Island:</strong> Millersville settlement on western side of island occasionally used as a weather station from 1935 until World War II, when it was abandoned; reoccupied in 1957 during the International Geophysical Year by scientists who left in 1958; currently unoccupied <br><br><strong>Johnston Atoll:</strong> in previous years, an average of 1,100 US military and civilian contractor personnel were present; as of May 2005, all US Government personnel had left the island <br><br><strong>Midway Islands:</strong> approximately 40 people make up the staff of US Fish and Wildlife Service and their services contractor living at the atoll <br><br><strong>Palmyra Atoll:</strong> 4 to 20 Nature Conservancy, US Fish and Wildlife staff, and researchers"
},
"Age structure": {
"0-14 years": {
@ -196,8 +196,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

7
australia-oceania/wf.json
View file

@ -408,10 +408,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Territorial Assembly or Assemblee Territoriale (20 seats - Wallis 13, Futuna 7; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms)<br>Wallis and Futuna indirectly elects 1 senator to the French Senate by an electoral college by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term, and directly elects 1 deputy to the French National Assembly by absolute majority vote for a 5-year term"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Territorial Assembly - last held on 20 March 2022 (next to be held in March 2027)<br>French Senate - last held on 24 September 2023 (next to be held on 30 September 2026)<br>French National Assembly - last held on 12 and 19 June 2022 (next to be held in June 2027)"
"text": "<br>Territorial Assembly - last held on 20 March 2022 (next to be held in March 2027)<br>French Senate - last held on 24 September 2023 (next to be held on 30 September 2026)<br>French National Assembly - last held on 12 and 19 June 2022 (next to be held in June 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Territorial Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - 2 members are elected from the list Ofa mo'oni ki tou fenua and 2 members are elected from list Mauli fetokoniaki, 1 seat each from 16 other lists; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA<br><br>representation in French Senate - LR 1<br><br>representation in French National Assembly - independent 1"
"text": "<br>Territorial Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - 2 members are elected from the list Ofa mo'oni ki tou fenua and 2 members are elected from list Mauli fetokoniaki, 1 seat each from 16 other lists; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA<br><br>French Senate representative - LR 1<br><br>French National Assembly representative - independent 1"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -632,8 +632,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

3
australia-oceania/wq.json
View file

@ -315,8 +315,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>US-Marshall Islands: </em>in May 2016, the Marshall Islands filed a declaration of authority with the UN over Wake Island, which is currently a US territory, reaffirming that it considers Wake Island part of its territory (the Marshall Islands refer to Wake as Enen Kio or Eneen Kio, meaning Island of the Kio Flower); control over Wake Island would drastically increase the Marshall Islands’ exclusive economic zone </p>"
}
}
}

7
australia-oceania/ws.json
View file

@ -516,13 +516,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (53 seats for 2021-2026 term); members from 51 single-seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote, with a minimum 10% representation of women in the Assembly required; members serve 5-year terms)"
"text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (53 seats statutory, 54 (2021-25 term); members from single-seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote, with a minimum 10% representation of women in the Assembly required; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "election last held on 9 April 2021 (next election to be held in 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - HRPP 55%, FAST 37%, TSP 3%, independents 5%; seats by party – 35 FAST, 18 HRPP, 1 independent; composition - men 47, women 7, percent of women 14.9% <br><strong>note:</strong> on 29 November 2021, the Election Commissioner added two women seats to parliament, bringing the HRPP’s total from 20 to 22 seats"
"text": "percent of vote by party - HRPP 55%, FAST 37%, TSP 3%, independent 5%; seats by party – 35 FAST, HRPP 18, independent 1; composition as of 1 April 2024 - men 47, women 7, percentage women 13%<br><br><strong>note:</strong> on 29 November 2021, the Election Commissioner added two seats for women to the National Assembly, bringing the HRPP’s total from 20 to 22 seats<br><strong><br></strong>"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1098,8 +1098,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
}
}
}

5
central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json
View file

@ -449,7 +449,7 @@
"text": "last held on 25 June 2021 (next to be held in June 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party MEP 35.3%, AVP 31.3%, ROOTS 9.4%, MAS 8%, Accion21 5.8%; seats by party - MEP 9, AVP 7, ROOTS 2, MAS 2, Accion21 1; composition as of September 2023 - men 13, women 8, percent of women - 38.1%"
"text": "percent of vote by party MEP 35.3%, AVP 31.3%, ROOTS 9.4%, MAS 8%, Accion21 5.8%; seats by party - MEP 9, AVP 7, ROOTS 2, MAS 2, Accion21 1; composition as of April 2024 - men 13, women 8, percentage women - 38.1%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -975,9 +975,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "17,000 (Venezuela) (2021)"

7
central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json
View file

@ -496,10 +496,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate (17 seats; members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister and leader of the opposition; members served 5-year terms)<br>House of Representatives (19 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms; in addition, 1 ex-officio seat is allocated for the attorney general and 1 seat for the speaker of the House - elected by the House membership following its first post-election session)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last appointed on 17 February 2023 (next appointments in 2028)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 18 January 2023 (next to be held in March 2028)"
"text": "Senate - last appointed on 17 February 2023 (next appointments in 2028)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 18 January 2023 (next to be held in March 2028)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - composition as of February 2024 - men 10, women 7, percentage women 41.2%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - ABLP 47.1%, UPP 45.2%, BPM 1.5%, independent 5.2%; seats by party - ABLP 9, UPP 6, BPM 1, independent 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 17, women 1, percentage women 5.6%; note - total Parliament percentage women 22.9%"
"text": "Senate - composition as of February 2024 - men 10, women 7, percentage women 41.2%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - ABLP 47.1%, UPP 45.2%, BPM 1.5%, independent 5.2%; seats by party - ABLP 9, UPP 6, BPM 1, independent 1; composition as of February 2024 - men 17, women 1, percentage women 5.6%; total Parliament percentage women 22.9%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1057,9 +1057,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs</p>"
}

5
central-america-n-caribbean/av.json
View file

@ -400,7 +400,7 @@
"text": "last held on 29 June 2020 (next to be held in 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APM 7, AUF 4; composition - men 8, women 3, percentage women 27.3%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APM 7, AUF 4; composition - men 8, women 3, percentage women 27.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -704,9 +704,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe</p>"
}

7
central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json
View file

@ -507,10 +507,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate (21 seats statutory - 21 current; members appointed by the president - 12 on the advice of the prime minister, 2 on the advice of the opposition leader, and 7 at the discretion of the president; members serve 5-year terms) <br>House of Assembly (30 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last appointments on 4 February 2022 (next appointments in February 2027)<br>House of Assembly - last held on 19 January 2022 (next to be held in January 2027)"
"text": "Senate - last appointments on 4 February 2022 (next appointments in February 2027)<br>House of Assembly - last held on 19 January 2022 (next to be held in January 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - appointed - BLP 12, independent 9; composition as of February 2024 - men 13, women 8, percentage women 38.1%<br><br>House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - BLP 69%, DLP 26.5%, other 4.5%; seats by party - BLP 30; composition as of February 2024 - men 22, women 8, percentage women 26.7%; note - total Parliament percentage women 32.7%"
"text": "Senate - appointed - BLP 12, independent 9; composition as of February 2024 - men 13, women 8, percentage women 38.1%<br><br>House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - BLP 69%, DLP 26.5%, other 4.5%; seats by party - BLP 30; composition as of February 2024 - men 22, women 8, percentage women 26.7%; note - total Parliament percentage women 32.7%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> tradition dictates that the next election is held within 5 years of the last election, but constitutionally it is 5 years from the first seating of Parliament plus a 90-day grace period"
},
@ -1122,9 +1122,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Barbados-Venezuela (Maritime Boundary):</em> Barbados joins other Caribbean states and the United Kingdom to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island, a large sandbar with some vegetation, sustains human habitation or economic life, the criteria under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Article 121, which would permit Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea; the dispute hampers hydrocarbon prospecting and creation of exploration blocks <br><br></p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs</p>"
}

7
central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json
View file

@ -468,10 +468,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate (16 seats; members appointed by the governor-general - 9 selected on the advice of the prime minister, 4 on the advice of the leader of the opposition party, and 3 on the advice of the prime minister in consultation with the opposition leader; members serve 5-year terms)<br>House of Assembly (39 seats statutory, 38 seats current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last appointments on 7 October 2021 (next appointments by 31 October 2026)<br>House of Assembly - last held on 16 September 2021 (next to be held by September 2026)"
"text": "Senate - last appointments on 7 October 2021 (next appointments by 31 October 2026)<br>House of Assembly - last held on 16 September 2021 (next to be held by September 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - appointed: PLP 12, FNM 4; composition as of February 2024 - men 12, women 4, percentage women 25%<br><br>House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - PLP 52.5%, FNM 36.2%; seats by party - PLP 32, FNM 7; composition as of February 2024 - men 32, women 7, percentage women 18%; note - total Parliament percentage women 20%"
"text": "Senate - appointed: PLP 12, FNM 4; composition as of February 2024 - men 12, women 4, percentage women 25%<br><br>House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - PLP 52.5%, FNM 36.2%; seats by party - PLP 32, FNM 7; composition as of February 2024 - men 32, women 7, percentage women 18%; total Parliament percentage women 20%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Parliament sits for 5 years from the date of the last general election: the government may dissolve the parliament and call elections at any time"
},
@ -1084,9 +1084,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>The Bahamas-US:</em> in declaring its archipelagic waters and 200 nm EEZ in 1993 legislation, The Bahamas did not delimit the outer limits of the EEZ; but in areas where EEZs overlap with neighbors, The Bahamas agreed to equidistance as a line of separation; however, The Bahamas has yet to define maritime boundaries with any of its neighbors, including the US, whose Florida coast lays about 70 nm from Grand Bahama Island</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit point for illegal drugs bound for the United States; small scale illicit production of marijuana continues</p>"
}

7
central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json
View file

@ -537,10 +537,10 @@
"text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of:<br>Senate (14 seats, including the president); members appointed by the governor-general - 6 on the advice of the prime minister, 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 1 each on the advice of the Belize Council of Churches and Evangelical Association of Churches, the Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Belize Better Business Bureau, non-governmental organizations in good standing, and the National Trade Union Congress and the Civil Society Steering Committee; 1 seat is held by the Senate president elected from among the Senate members or from outside the Senate; members serve 5-year terms<br>House of Representatives (32 seats; 31 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and the speaker, who may be designated from outside the government; members serve 5-year terms and the speaker serves at the pleasure of the government up to the full 5-year term)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last appointed 11 November 2020 (next appointments in November 2025)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 11 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2025)"
"text": "Senate - last appointed 11 November 2020 (next appointments in November 2025)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 11 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - all members appointed; composition as of February 2024 - composition - men 8, women 6, percent of women 42.9%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PUP 59.6%, UDP 38.8%, other 1.6%; seats by party - PUP 26, UDP 5; composition as of February 2024 - men 27, women 5, percent of women 15.6%; note - total percent of women in the National Assembly 23.9%"
"text": "Senate - all members appointed; composition as of February 2024 - composition - men 8, women 6, percentage women 42.9%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PUP 59.6%, UDP 38.8%, other 1.6%; seats by party - PUP 26, UDP 5; composition as of February 2024 - men 27, women 5, percentage women 15.6%; total percentage women in the National Assembly 23.9%"
},
"note": "<strong> </strong>"
},
@ -1178,9 +1178,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Belize-Guatemala: </em>demarcated but insecure boundary due to Guatemala’s claims to more than half of Belizean territory; Line of Adjacency operates in lieu of an international boundary; an Organization of American States (OAS) mission at the Line of Adjacency assists in implementing Line of Adjacency “confidence building measures,” including periodic coordination between Belizean and Guatemalan security forces, agreed to in 2003; smuggling, narcotics trafficking, small-scale coca production, and human trafficking are all problems near the line; Belize lacks resources to detect and extradite Guatemalans who have established informal settlements, farms, and cattle operations in Belizean rain forests in the remote border areas on the Belizean side of the Line of Adjacency; Belize and Honduras 12-nautical mile territorial sea claims close off Guatemalan access to Caribbean in the Bahia de Amatique; maritime boundary remains unresolved pending further negotiation<br><br><em>Belize-Honduras:</em> Honduras claims the Belizean-administered Sapodilla Cays off the coast of Belize in its constitution, but agreed to a joint ecological park around the cays should Guatemala consent to a maritime corridor in the Caribbean under the OAS-sponsored 2002 Belize-Guatemala Differendum</p> <p> </p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a significant drug trafficking and transit point between countries in South America and the United States; primary domestic use of narcotics is marijuana and some crack cocaine; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics</p>"
}

3
central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json
View file

@ -194,8 +194,5 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Navassa Island (US)-Haiti</em>: claimed by Haiti and is in Haiti’s constitution; the waters around Navassa island are a source of subsistence for Haitian fishermen</p>"
}
}
}

5
central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json
View file

@ -425,7 +425,7 @@
"text": "last held on 14 April 2021 (next to be held in 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - independent 79.1%, PPM 19.6%; elected seats by party - independent 12, PPM 7; ex-officio members 2; composition as of April 2023 - men 16, women 5, percent of women 23.8%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - independent 79.1%, PPM 19.6%; elected seats by party - independent 12, PPM 7; ex-officio members 2; composition as of April 2023 - men 16, women 5, percentage women 23.8%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -948,9 +948,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>major offshore financial center vulnerable to drug trafficking money laundering</p> <p> </p>"
}

5
central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json
View file

@ -566,7 +566,7 @@
"text": "last held on 6 February 2022 (next to be held in February 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - PLN 24.8%, PPSD 15%, PUSC 11.4%, PNR 10.1%, PLP 9.1%, 8.3%, other 21.3%; seats by party - PLN 19, PPSD 10, PUSC 9, PNR 7, PLP 6, PFA 6; composition - men 30, women 27, percent of women 47.4%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - PLN 24.8%, PPSD 15%, PUSC 11.4%, PNR 10.1%, PLP 9.1%, 8.3%, other 21.3%; seats by party - PLN 19, PPSD 10, PUSC 9, PNR 7, PLP 6, PFA 6; composition as of March 2024 - men 30, women 27, percentage women 47.4%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1228,9 +1228,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Costa Rica and Nicaragua regularly file border dispute cases over the delimitations of the San Juan River and the northern tip of Calero Island to the International Court of Justice (ICJ); in 2009, the ICJ ruled that Costa Rican vessels carrying out police activities could not use the river, but official Costa Rican vessels providing essential services to riverside inhabitants and Costa Rican tourists could travel freely on the river; in 2011, the ICJ provisionally ruled that both countries must remove personnel from the disputed area; in 2013, the ICJ rejected Nicaragua's 2012 suit to halt Costa Rica's construction of a highway paralleling the river on the grounds of irreparable environmental damage; in 2013, the ICJ, regarding the disputed territory, ordered that Nicaragua should refrain from dredging or canal construction and refill and repair damage caused by trenches connecting the river to the Caribbean and upheld its 2010 ruling that Nicaragua must remove all personnel; in early 2014, Costa Rica brought Nicaragua to the ICJ over offshore oil concessions in the disputed region</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "30,100 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or received alternative legal stay) (2021)"

9
central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the arrival of Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492, as the country was developed as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations, and Havana became the launching point for the annual treasure fleets bound for Spain from Mexico and Peru. Spanish rule eventually provoked an independence movement, and occasional rebellions were harshly suppressed. US intervention during the Spanish-American War in 1898 assisted the Cubans in overthrowing Spanish rule. The Treaty of Paris established Cuban independence from Spain in 1898, and after three-and-a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba became an independent republic in 1902. <br><br>Cuba then experienced a string of governments mostly dominated by the military and corrupt politicians. Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959; his authoritarian rule held the subsequent regime together for nearly five decades. He handed off the presidency to his younger brother Raul CASTRO in 2008. Cuba's communist revolution, with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez, hand-picked by Raul CASTRO to succeed him, was approved as president by the National Assembly and took office in 2018. DIAZ-CANEL was appointed First Secretary of the Communist Party in 2021 after the retirement of Raul CASTRO and continues to serve as both president and first secretary.</p> <p>Cuba traditionally and consistently portrays the US embargo, in place since 1961, as the source of its difficulties. As a result of efforts begun in 2014 to reestablish diplomatic relations, the US and Cuba reopened embassies in their respective countries in 2015. The embargo remains in place, however, and the relationship between the US and Cuba remains tense. Illicit migration of Cuban nationals to the US via maritime and overland routes has been a longstanding challenge. In 2017, the US and Cuba signed a Joint Statement ending the so-called \"wet-foot, dry-foot\" policy, by which Cuban nationals who reached US soil were permitted to stay. Irregular Cuban maritime migration has dropped significantly since 2016, when migrant interdictions at sea topped 5,000, but land border crossings continue. </p>"
"text": "<p>The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the arrival of Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492, as the country was developed as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations, and Havana became the launching point for the annual treasure fleets bound for Spain from Mexico and Peru. Spanish rule eventually provoked an independence movement, and occasional rebellions were harshly suppressed. US intervention during the Spanish-American War in 1898 assisted the Cubans in overthrowing Spanish rule. The Treaty of Paris established Cuban independence from Spain in 1898, and after three-and-a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba became an independent republic in 1902. <br><br>Cuba then experienced a string of governments mostly dominated by the military and corrupt politicians. Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959; his authoritarian rule held the subsequent regime together for nearly five decades. He handed off the presidency to his younger brother Raul CASTRO in 2008. Cuba's communist revolution, with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez, hand-picked by Raul CASTRO to succeed him, was approved as president by the National Assembly and took office in 2018. DIAZ-CANEL was appointed First Secretary of the Communist Party in 2021 after the retirement of Raul CASTRO and continues to serve as both president and first secretary.</p> <p>Cuba traditionally and consistently portrays the US embargo, in place since 1961, as the source of its socioeconomic difficulties. As a result of efforts begun in 2014 to reestablish diplomatic relations, the US and Cuba reopened embassies in their respective countries in 2015. The embargo remains in place, however, and the relationship between the US and Cuba remains tense. Illicit migration of Cuban nationals to the US via maritime and overland routes has been a longstanding challenge. In 2017, the US and Cuba signed a Joint Statement ending the so-called \"wet-foot, dry-foot\" policy, by which Cuban nationals who reached US soil were permitted to stay. Irregular Cuban maritime migration has dropped significantly since 2016, when migrant interdictions at sea topped 5,000, but land border crossings continue. </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -569,13 +569,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular (605 seats; (586 seats filled in 2021); members directly elected by absolute majority vote; members serve 5-year terms); note 1 - the National Candidature Commission submits a slate of approved candidates; to be elected, candidates must receive more than 50% of valid votes otherwise the seat remains vacant or the Council of State can declare another election; note 2 - in July 2019, the National Assembly passed a law which reduced the number of members from 605 to 470, effective with the 2023 general election"
"text": "unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular (474 seats; (470 seats filled in 2023); members directly elected by absolute majority vote; members serve 5-year terms); note 1 - the National Candidature Commission submits a slate of approved candidates; to be elected, candidates must receive more than 50% of valid votes otherwise the seat remains vacant or the Council of State can declare another election"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 26 March 2023 (next to be held in early 2028)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Cuba's Communist Party is the only legal party, and officially sanctioned candidates run unopposed; composition as of January 2024 - men 208, women 262, percent of women 55.7%"
"text": "Cuba's Communist Party is the only legal party, and officially sanctioned candidates run unopposed; composition as of March 2024 - men 208, women 262, percent of women 55.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1176,9 +1176,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased to the US and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the facility can terminate the lease</p>"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"tier rating": {
"text": "<p>Tier 3 — Cuba does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so, therefore, Cuba remained on Tier 3; the government took some steps to address trafficking, such as amending the penal code to include criminalization of labor trafficking; however, the government continued a policy or pattern to profit from labor export programs with strong indications of forced labor, particularly in its foreign medical missions program; the government continued to deploy Cuban workers to foreign countries using deceptive and coercive tactics, and failed to address an increasing number of allegations from credible NGOs and foreign governments of Cuban officials’ involvement in trafficking crimes; the government used its legal framework to threaten, coerce, and punish workers and their families if they left the labor export and medical programs (2023)</p>"

5
central-america-n-caribbean/do.json
View file

@ -463,7 +463,7 @@
"text": "last held on 6 December 2022 (next to be held in 2027); note - tradition dictates that the election is held within 5 years of the last election, but technically it is 5 years from the first seating of parliament plus a 90-day grace period"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - DLP 82.3%, independent 16.9%; (elected) seats by party - DLP 19, independent 2; (Assembly) composition - men 20, women 12, percent of women 37.5%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - DLP 82.3%, independent 16.9%; (elected) seats by party - DLP 19, independent 2; composition as of March 2024 - men 20, women 12, percent of women 37.5%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -988,9 +988,6 @@
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Dominica-Venezuela: </em>is the only Caribbean state to challenge Venezuela's sovereignty claim over Aves Island, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ and continental shelf claims over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs</p>"
}

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