diff --git a/africa/ag.json b/africa/ag.json index 8b09de9d..c44f8cd4 100644 --- a/africa/ag.json +++ b/africa/ag.json @@ -390,17 +390,6 @@ "text": "Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "35.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "150.01 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "49.94 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer" }, @@ -438,6 +427,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "35.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "150.01 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "49.94 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "12,378,740 tons (2016 est.)" @@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ "text": "President Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (since 12 December 2019)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Ayman BENABDERRAHMANE (since 7 July 2021)

 

" + "text": "Prime Minister Ayman BENABDERRAHMANE (since 7 July 2021)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president" @@ -1202,7 +1202,7 @@ "text": "approximately 140,000 ANP personnel (120,000 Army; 6,000 Navy; 14,000 Air Force); approximately 130,000 National Gendarmerie; approximately 200,000 General Directorate of National Security (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the ANP's inventory includes mostly Russian-sourced equipment; since 2010, Algeria has received arms from a variety of countries with Russia as the leading supplier (2022)" + "text": "the ANP's inventory includes mostly Russian-sourced equipment; in recent years, Algeria has received arms from a variety of countries with Russia as the leading supplier (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service for men and women; 19-30 years of age for mandatory service for men (all Algerian men must register at age 17); service obligation reduced from 18 to 12 months in 2014 (2023)", diff --git a/africa/ao.json b/africa/ao.json index cb8a77cf..1985cc4b 100644 --- a/africa/ao.json +++ b/africa/ao.json @@ -391,17 +391,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "27.95 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "34.69 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "23.28 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)" }, @@ -436,6 +425,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "27.95 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "34.69 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "23.28 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "4,213,644 tons (2012 est.)" @@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@ "text": "approximately 101,000 active troops (95,000 Army; 1,000 Navy; 5,000 Air Force); estimated 10,000 Rapid Reaction Police (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "most Angolan military weapons and equipment are of Russian, Soviet, or Warsaw Pact origin; in recent years, Russia has been the principal supplier of military hardware to Angola (2022)" + "text": "most Angolan military weapons and equipment are of Russian or of Soviet-era origin; in recent years, Russia has been the principal supplier of military hardware to Angola (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "20-45 years of age for compulsory and 18-45 years for voluntary military service for men (registration at age 18 is mandatory); 20-45 years of age for voluntary service for women; 24-month conscript service obligation; Angolan citizenship required; the Navy is entirely staffed with volunteers (2023)" @@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "23,199 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,272 (Guinea), 6,357 (Cote d'Ivoire), 5,725 (Mauritania) (2023)" + "text": "23,214 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,272 (Guinea), 6,357 (Cote d'Ivoire), 5,725 (Mauritania) (2023)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/africa/bc.json b/africa/bc.json index 372c7c2e..7450c2a6 100644 --- a/africa/bc.json +++ b/africa/bc.json @@ -391,17 +391,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "21.24 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "6.34 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "5.73 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "semiarid; warm winters and hot summers" }, @@ -439,6 +428,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.45% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "21.24 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "6.34 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "5.73 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "210,854 tons (2010 est.)" @@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@ "text": "approximately 9,000 active BDF personnel (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the BDF has a mix of foreign-supplied and mostly older weapons and equipment, largely of Western/European-origin (2022)" + "text": "the BDF has a mix of mostly older weapons and equipment, largely of Western/European-origin; in recent years, it has received limited amounts of material from several European countries and the US (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription (2022)" diff --git a/africa/bn.json b/africa/bn.json index 89a1521e..4916dc0b 100644 --- a/africa/bn.json +++ b/africa/bn.json @@ -414,17 +414,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "33.11 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "6.48 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "5.8 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north" }, @@ -462,6 +451,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "33.11 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "6.48 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "5.8 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "685,936 tons (1993 est.)" diff --git a/africa/by.json b/africa/by.json index 690a3f09..1a9bf395 100644 --- a/africa/by.json +++ b/africa/by.json @@ -417,17 +417,6 @@ "text": "Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "35.61 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.5 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "1.42 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees Celsius but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)" }, @@ -459,15 +448,26 @@ "text": "5.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "widespread lack of access": { + "text": "due to the effects of weather - about 646,000 people are estimated to be severely food insecure between June and September 2022; the main drivers are poor rains in May in some central and southern eastern areas that affected pulses production, the socio-economic impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic, and high food prices due to elevated fuel prices inflating transport costs (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "10.31% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "widespread lack of access": { - "text": "due to the effects of weather - about 646,000 people are estimated to be severely food insecure between June and September 2022; the main drivers are poor rains in May in some central and southern eastern areas that affected pulses production, the socio-economic impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic, and high food prices due to elevated fuel prices inflating transport costs (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "35.61 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.5 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "1.42 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Jean de Dieu NDIKUMANA (since 7 July 2021)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Préféré NDAYISHIMIYE (since 18 March 2023)" }, "chancery": { "text": "2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007" diff --git a/africa/cd.json b/africa/cd.json index fd2ff139..e0baab07 100644 --- a/africa/cd.json +++ b/africa/cd.json @@ -419,17 +419,6 @@ "text": "Marine Dumping-London Convention" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "53.01 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "1.02 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "30.69 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical in south, desert in north" }, @@ -461,15 +450,26 @@ "text": "4.1% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "widespread lack of access": { + "text": "due to civil insecurity and shortfall in cereal production - according to the latest analysis, about 1.5 million people are projected to experience acute food insecurity during the June to August 2023 lean season period; this would be an improvement compared to the previous year, mostly due to the significantly higher year-on-year cereal output in 2022 after the below-average 2021 production; acute food insecurity is underpinned by persistent insecurity in the Lac and Tibesti regions; elevated food prices, as well as the impact of the severe floods in 2022, which affected approximately 1.5 million people and destroyed about 350,000 hectares of farmland, are compounding food insecurity (2023)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "3.81% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "widespread lack of access": { - "text": "due to civil insecurity and shortfall in cereal production - according to the latest analysis, about 1.5 million people are projected to experience acute food insecurity during the June to August 2023 lean season period; this would be an improvement compared to the previous year, mostly due to the significantly higher year-on-year cereal output in 2022 after the below-average 2021 production; acute food insecurity is underpinned by persistent insecurity in the Lac and Tibesti regions; elevated food prices, as well as the impact of the severe floods in 2022, which affected approximately 1.5 million people and destroyed about 350,000 hectares of farmland, are compounding food insecurity (2023)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "53.01 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "1.02 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "30.69 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "433,372 (Sudan) (includes refugees since 15 April 2023), 125,423 (Central African Republic), 28,256 (Cameroon), 20,951 (Nigeria) (2023)" + "text": "490,986 (Sudan) (includes refugees since 15 April 2023), 125,423 (Central African Republic), 28,256 (Cameroon), 20,951 (Nigeria) (2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "381,289 (majority are in the east) (2023)" diff --git a/africa/cf.json b/africa/cf.json index e7b86ea4..71382a58 100644 --- a/africa/cf.json +++ b/africa/cf.json @@ -422,17 +422,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "38.67 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "3.28 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "2.24 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); persistent high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator" }, @@ -464,15 +453,26 @@ "text": "3.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to floods - above average rainfall amounts since November 2022 triggered flooding in December 2022 and January 2023 in central and northern parts of the country, displacing people; according to damage assessment reports, about 165,000 people have been affected in 23 districts in the departments of Cuvette, Likouala, Plateaux and Sangha (2023)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "3.17% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to floods - above average rainfall amounts since November 2022 triggered flooding in December 2022 and January 2023 in central and northern parts of the country, displacing people; according to damage assessment reports, about 165,000 people have been affected in 23 districts in the departments of Cuvette, Likouala, Plateaux and Sangha (2023)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "38.67 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "3.28 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "2.24 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -1260,7 +1260,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "27,420 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022); 30,204 (Central African Republic) (2023)" + "text": "27,445 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022); 30,204 (Central African Republic) (2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "159,830 (multiple civil wars since 1992) (2022)" diff --git a/africa/cg.json b/africa/cg.json index 4a3f969a..31f8a996 100644 --- a/africa/cg.json +++ b/africa/cg.json @@ -425,17 +425,6 @@ "text": "Environmental Modification" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "37.62 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "2.02 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "61.24 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season (April to October), dry season (December to February); south of Equator - wet season (November to March), dry season (April to October)" }, @@ -467,15 +456,26 @@ "text": "4.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "widespread lack of access": { + "text": "due to internal conflict in eastern regions and high food prices - according to an October 2022 analysis, 24.5 million people were projected to experience acute food insecurity between January and June 2023; this is due to persistent conflict in the eastern provinces of North Kivu, South Kivu and Ituri, which continues to cause population displacements, and to high prices of domestic food staples (2023)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "8.72% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "widespread lack of access": { - "text": "due to internal conflict in eastern regions and high food prices - according to an October 2022 analysis, 24.5 million people were projected to experience acute food insecurity between January and June 2023; this is due to persistent conflict in the eastern provinces of North Kivu, South Kivu and Ituri, which continues to cause population displacements, and to high prices of domestic food staples (2023)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "37.62 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "2.02 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "61.24 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/africa/cm.json b/africa/cm.json index f4fffaca..53bf0f99 100644 --- a/africa/cm.json +++ b/africa/cm.json @@ -427,17 +427,6 @@ "text": "Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "65.26 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "8.29 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "30.71 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north" }, @@ -469,15 +458,26 @@ "text": "3.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to civil insecurity, high food prices, and floods - according to a November 2022 analysis (the latest available), about 3.6 million people were estimated to be acutely food insecure between October and December 2022, as a result of conflict, sociopolitical unrest and high food prices, as well as floods that caused people displacements, damaged standing crops and prevented access to fields (2023)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "2.5% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to civil insecurity, high food prices, and floods - according to a November 2022 analysis (the latest available), about 3.6 million people were estimated to be acutely food insecure between October and December 2022, as a result of conflict, sociopolitical unrest and high food prices, as well as floods that caused people displacements, damaged standing crops and prevented access to fields (2023)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "65.26 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "8.29 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "30.71 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/africa/cn.json b/africa/cn.json index ba99370e..a7e474f4 100644 --- a/africa/cn.json +++ b/africa/cn.json @@ -371,17 +371,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "18.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.2 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.19 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)" }, @@ -419,6 +408,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "18.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.2 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.19 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "91,013 tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/africa/ct.json b/africa/ct.json index b4f210f6..96708bee 100644 --- a/africa/ct.json +++ b/africa/ct.json @@ -398,17 +398,6 @@ "text": "Law of the Sea" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "49.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.3 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "22.44 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers" }, @@ -440,15 +429,26 @@ "text": "3.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "exceptional shortfall in aggregate food production/supplies": { + "text": "due to internal conflict and high food prices - according to the latest analysis, issued in November 2022, the number of people in Crisis and above is estimated at 2.7 million between September 2022 and March 2023; this is mainly attributed to the impact of civil insecurity and high food prices; persisting insecurity and population displacements continue to affect agricultural activities and limit farmers’ access to crop growing areas and agricultural inputs; elevated international prices of fuel and fertilizers, largely imported, have reportedly led to a lower use of agricultural inputs in 2022, especially among smallholder farmers, with a negative impact on yields (2023)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "8.99% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "exceptional shortfall in aggregate food production/supplies": { - "text": "due to internal conflict and high food prices - according to the latest analysis, issued in November 2022, the number of people in Crisis and above is estimated at 2.7 million between September 2022 and March 2023; this is mainly attributed to the impact of civil insecurity and high food prices; persisting insecurity and population displacements continue to affect agricultural activities and limit farmers’ access to crop growing areas and agricultural inputs; elevated international prices of fuel and fertilizers, largely imported, have reportedly led to a lower use of agricultural inputs in 2022, especially among smallholder farmers, with a negative impact on yields (2023)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "49.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.3 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "22.44 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "6,381 (Democratic Republic of Congo), 6,328 (refugees since 15 April 2023) (2023)" + "text": "6,381 (Democratic Republic of Congo), 10,368 (refugees since 15 April 2023) (2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "483,074 (clashes between army and rebel groups since 2005; tensions between ethnic groups) (2023)" diff --git a/africa/cv.json b/africa/cv.json index 5c4f83b3..28d0b707 100644 --- a/africa/cv.json +++ b/africa/cv.json @@ -373,17 +373,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "31.99 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.54 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.13 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and erratic" }, @@ -421,6 +410,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "31.99 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.54 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.13 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "132,555 tons (2012 est.)" diff --git a/africa/dj.json b/africa/dj.json index b775883a..7d18be2b 100644 --- a/africa/dj.json +++ b/africa/dj.json @@ -381,17 +381,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "40.38 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.62 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.52 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "desert; torrid, dry" }, @@ -423,15 +412,26 @@ "text": "1.56% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "widespread lack of access": { + "text": "due to unfavorable weather and high food prices - about 192,000 people were estimated to have experienced acute food insecurity between July and December 2022 mainly due to insufficient rains in 2021 and 2022, which affected rangelands and pastoral livelihoods, as well as high food prices (2023)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0.26% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "widespread lack of access": { - "text": "due to unfavorable weather and high food prices - about 192,000 people were estimated to have experienced acute food insecurity between July and December 2022 mainly due to insufficient rains in 2021 and 2022, which affected rangelands and pastoral livelihoods, as well as high food prices (2023)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "40.38 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.62 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.52 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/africa/eg.json b/africa/eg.json index 2cc63139..4b2606c5 100644 --- a/africa/eg.json +++ b/africa/eg.json @@ -413,17 +413,6 @@ "text": "Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "79.28 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "238.56 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "59.68 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters" }, @@ -458,6 +447,17 @@ "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0.15% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "79.28 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "238.56 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "59.68 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "21 million tons (2012 est.)" @@ -1265,7 +1265,7 @@ "text": "1,000 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,075 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "since 2011, the Egyptian Armed Forces, police, and other security forces have been actively engaged in counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations in the North Sinai governorate against several militant groups, particularly the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham – Sinai Province; Egypt has tens of thousands of military troops, police, and other security personnel deployed in the Sinai for internal security duties; tribal militias also assist Egyptian security forces

the military has a large stake in the civilian economy, including running banks, businesses, gas stations, shipping lines, and utilities, and producing consumer and industrial goods, importing commodities, and building and managing infrastructure projects, such as bridges, roads, hospitals, and housing; the various enterprises are reportedly profitable enough to make the armed forces largely self-funded

Egypt has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation

the Multinational Force & Observers (MFO) has operated in the Sinai since 1982 as a peacekeeping and monitoring force to supervise the implementation of the security provisions of the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli Treaty of Peace; the MFO is an independent international organization, created by agreement between Egypt and Israel; as of 2023, it was composed of about 1,150 troops from 13 countries; Colombia, Fiji, and the US are the leading providers of troops to the MFO (2023)" + "text": "the Egyptian Armed Forces (EAF) are responsible for external defense but also have an internal role assisting police and paramilitary security forces during emergencies and in anti-terrorism operations; the EAF also participates in foreign peacekeeping and other security missions, as well as both bilateral and multinational exercises; the military has considerable political power and independence; it has long had a crucial role in Egypt’s politics and has a large stake in the civilian economy, including running banks, businesses, gas stations, shipping lines, and utilities, and producing consumer and industrial goods, importing commodities, and building and managing infrastructure projects, such as bridges, roads, hospitals, and housing; the various enterprises are reportedly profitable enough to make the armed forces largely self-funded

key areas of concern for the EAF include Islamic militant groups operating out of the Sinai Peninsula, regional challenges such as instability in Libya and Yemen, and maritime security; since 2011, the EAF has been conducting operations alongside other security forces in the North Sinai governorate against several militant groups, particularly the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham; since 2014, it has deployed large numbers of troops along its border with Libya and provided air support to the Saudi-led coalition operating in Yemen; the Navy in recent years has sought to modernize and expand its capabilities and profile in the Eastern Mediterranean and Red Sea, including the acquisition of helicopter carriers, modern frigates, and attack submarines; in 2020, the EAF inaugurated a large joint service military base on the Red Sea to secure the country’s southern coasts, protect economic investments and natural resources, and confront security challenges in the Red Sea region

the EAF is the largest and one of the best equipped militaries in the region; the Army’s primary combat forces include approximately 13 divisions, which are mostly armored or mechanized, complemented by some independent armored and infantry brigades; the EAF has approximately 5,000 artillery systems, plus surface-to-surface missile forces and a large special operations command, which includes airborne, airmobile, commando, special forces, and other specialized units; the Navy’s principal warships are approximately 20 frigates and corvettes, 8 attack submarines, and 2 French-built helicopter-capable amphibious assault ships (LHDs); the Air Force has more than 300 French-, Russian-, and US-made fighter and multipurpose fighter aircraft, as well as nearly 100 US- and Russian-produced attack helicopters

Egypt is a major security partner of the US and one of the largest recipients of US military aid in the region; it also has Major Non-NATO Ally status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation

the Multinational Force & Observers (MFO) has operated in the Sinai since 1982 as a peacekeeping and monitoring force to supervise the implementation of the security provisions of the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli Treaty of Peace; the MFO is an independent international organization, created by agreement between Egypt and Israel; ait is composed of about 1,150 troops from 13 countries; Colombia, Fiji, and the US are the leading providers of troops to the MFO (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of Egypt are a risk for armed robbery against ships; in 2022, one attempted attack against a commercial vessel was reported, this was the first incident reported in four years; the reported incident occurred in port while the ship was anchored" @@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "70,021 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2022); 145,157 (Syria), 52,446 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,970 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 21,105 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 15,585 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 10,025 (Yemen) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,815 (Iraq) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,802 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022); 47,000 (Sudan) (refugees since 15 April 2023) (2023)" + "text": "70,021 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2022); 145,157 (Syria), 52,446 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,970 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 21,105 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 15,585 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 10,025 (Yemen) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,815 (Iraq) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,802 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2022); 164,000 (Sudan) (refugees since 15 April 2023) (2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "10 (2022)" diff --git a/africa/ek.json b/africa/ek.json index 15a1ef46..39299e95 100644 --- a/africa/ek.json +++ b/africa/ek.json @@ -370,17 +370,6 @@ "text": "Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "45.9 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "5.65 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "11.21 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; always hot, humid" }, @@ -418,6 +407,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "45.9 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "5.65 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "11.21 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "198,443 tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/africa/er.json b/africa/er.json index ea72b527..2c88b0a3 100644 --- a/africa/er.json +++ b/africa/er.json @@ -389,17 +389,6 @@ "text": "Climate Change-Paris Agreement" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "42.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.71 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "4.48 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands" }, @@ -431,6 +420,17 @@ "text": "3.67% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "42.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.71 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "4.48 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "726,957 tons (2011 est.)" @@ -1151,7 +1151,7 @@ "note": "note: as of 2020, women were estimated to make up as much as 30% of the Eritrean military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the EDF’s primary responsibilities are external defense, border security, and providing the regime a vehicle for national cohesion; the Army is by far the dominant service; it is a large, conscript-based force with an estimated 20 infantry divisions, as well as a division of commandos/special forces; the Air Force has a small number of Soviet-era combat aircraft and helicopters, while the Navy maintains a limited number of coastal patrol vessels 

since the country's independence in 1991, the Eritrean military has participated in numerous conflicts, including the Hanish Island Crisis with Yemen (1995), the First Congo War (1996-1997), the Second Sudanese Civil War (1996-1998), the Eritrea-Ethiopia War (1998-2000), the Djiboutian-Eritrean border conflict (2008), and the Tigray War (2020-2022) (2023)" + "text": "the EDF’s primary responsibilities are external defense, border security, and providing the regime a vehicle for national cohesion; the Army is by far the dominant service; it is a large, conscript-based force with an estimated 20 infantry divisions, as well as a division of commandos/special forces; the Air Force has a small number of Soviet-era combat aircraft and helicopters, while the Navy maintains a limited number of coastal patrol vessels 

since the country's independence in 1991, the Eritrean military has participated in numerous conflicts, including the Hanish Island Crisis with Yemen (1995), the First Congo War (1996-1997), the Second Sudanese Civil War (1996-1998), the Eritrea-Ethiopia War (1998-2000), the Djiboutian-Eritrean border conflict (2008), and the Tigray War in Ethiopia (2020-2022) (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/et.json b/africa/et.json index 5a442145..dcfe6b86 100644 --- a/africa/et.json +++ b/africa/et.json @@ -429,17 +429,6 @@ "text": "Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "34.36 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "14.87 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "114.21 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation" }, @@ -471,15 +460,26 @@ "text": "4.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "widespread lack of access": { + "text": "due to conflict in Tigray Region, drought conditions in southeastern areas, high food prices - The difficult and worsening food security situation is the result of multiple shocks affecting food availability and access including: the conflict in northern Tigray Region and in adjacent areas of Amhara and Afar regions, which began in November 2020; in Tigray region alone, 5.3 million people are estimated to be severely food insecure; the failure of the March‑May 2022 “Gu‑Genna” rains in southern pastoral areas of southern Oromiya Region and southern Somali Region, exacerbated drought conditions prevailing since late 2020, causing severe crop and livestock losses; severe macroeconomic challenges including insufficient foreign currency reserves and the continuous depreciation of the national currency, as a result, inflation is at very high levels, with the year‑on‑year food inflation rate estimated at 35.5 percent in July, one the highest of the last decade; these difficulties are exacerbated by the ripple effects of the Ukraine war, which triggered hikes in international prices of wheat, fuel, and fertilizers (2023)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "5.81% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "widespread lack of access": { - "text": "due to conflict in Tigray Region, drought conditions in southeastern areas, high food prices - The difficult and worsening food security situation is the result of multiple shocks affecting food availability and access including: the conflict in northern Tigray Region and in adjacent areas of Amhara and Afar regions, which began in November 2020; in Tigray region alone, 5.3 million people are estimated to be severely food insecure; the failure of the March‑May 2022 “Gu‑Genna” rains in southern pastoral areas of southern Oromiya Region and southern Somali Region, exacerbated drought conditions prevailing since late 2020, causing severe crop and livestock losses; severe macroeconomic challenges including insufficient foreign currency reserves and the continuous depreciation of the national currency, as a result, inflation is at very high levels, with the year‑on‑year food inflation rate estimated at 35.5 percent in July, one the highest of the last decade; these difficulties are exacerbated by the ripple effects of the Ukraine war, which triggered hikes in international prices of wheat, fuel, and fertilizers (2023)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "34.36 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "14.87 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "114.21 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/africa/ga.json b/africa/ga.json index a7f58401..098a611a 100644 --- a/africa/ga.json +++ b/africa/ga.json @@ -413,17 +413,6 @@ "text": "Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "32.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.53 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "1.96 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May)" }, @@ -461,6 +450,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "32.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.53 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "1.96 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "193,441 tons (2002 est.)" diff --git a/africa/gb.json b/africa/gb.json index 7ceee645..5b9d8009 100644 --- a/africa/gb.json +++ b/africa/gb.json @@ -383,17 +383,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "38.51 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "5.32 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "1.13 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; always hot, humid" }, @@ -431,6 +420,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "38.51 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "5.32 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "1.13 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "238,102 tons (1995 est.)" diff --git a/africa/gh.json b/africa/gh.json index b2c4533c..a1c80d26 100644 --- a/africa/gh.json +++ b/africa/gh.json @@ -424,17 +424,6 @@ "text": "Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "31.95 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "16.67 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "22.75 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north" }, @@ -472,6 +461,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "31.95 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "16.67 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "22.75 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "3,538,275 tons (2005 est.)" diff --git a/africa/gv.json b/africa/gv.json index 4481a0e1..751bea69 100644 --- a/africa/gv.json +++ b/africa/gv.json @@ -406,17 +406,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "22.43 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "3 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "11.13 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds" }, @@ -448,15 +437,26 @@ "text": "3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to reduced incomes - about 1.22 million people are projected to be in need of food assistance between June and August 2022, primarily due to food access constraints on account of the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "4.81% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to reduced incomes - about 1.22 million people are projected to be in need of food assistance between June and August 2022, primarily due to food access constraints on account of the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "22.43 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "3 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "11.13 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Oumou Thiam HANN, Minister Counselor (since 23 February 2022)

 

" + "text": "Ambassador Fatoumata KABA (since 19 April 2023) 

 

" }, "chancery": { "text": "2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008" diff --git a/africa/iv.json b/africa/iv.json index 0766d3a1..0f73de98 100644 --- a/africa/iv.json +++ b/africa/iv.json @@ -425,17 +425,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "23.72 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "9.67 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "10.3 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)" }, @@ -473,6 +462,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "23.72 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "9.67 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "10.3 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "4,440,814 tons (2010 est.)" diff --git a/africa/ke.json b/africa/ke.json index 0c4e9ec3..80710831 100644 --- a/africa/ke.json +++ b/africa/ke.json @@ -404,17 +404,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "25.85 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "17.91 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "37.65 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior" }, @@ -446,15 +435,26 @@ "text": "4.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "exceptional shortfall in aggregate food production/supplies": { + "text": "due to drought conditions - about 4.4 million people were projected to be severely acutely food insecure between October and December 2022 reflecting consecutive poor rainy seasons since late 2020 that affected crop and livestock production; prices of maize are at high levels across the country due to reduced availabilities and high fuel prices inflating production and transportation costs (2023)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "exceptional shortfall in aggregate food production/supplies": { - "text": "due to drought conditions - about 4.4 million people were projected to be severely acutely food insecure between October and December 2022 reflecting consecutive poor rainy seasons since late 2020 that affected crop and livestock production; prices of maize are at high levels across the country due to reduced availabilities and high fuel prices inflating production and transportation costs (2023)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "25.85 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "17.91 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "37.65 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/africa/li.json b/africa/li.json index 6ee0f1da..d0df9dc0 100644 --- a/africa/li.json +++ b/africa/li.json @@ -403,17 +403,6 @@ "text": "Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "17.19 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "1.39 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "6.56 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers" }, @@ -445,15 +434,26 @@ "text": "3.41% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to high food prices and economic downturn - according to the latest analysis, about 940,000 people were estimated to be in “Crisis” and above between June and August 2021 due to high food inflation rates and the negative effects of the COVID‑19 pandemic on the economy; production of rice, a main food staple, was estimated at a below-average level in 2021, a factor that is expected to further aggravate food insecurity in 2022; prices of staple food have been on the rise in most domestic markets since early 2021; the main drivers of the food insecurity are the effects on crop production of floods and high infestations of pests, including Fall Armyworm in some localized areas (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "13.27% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to high food prices and economic downturn - according to the latest analysis, about 940,000 people were estimated to be in “Crisis” and above between June and August 2021 due to high food inflation rates and the negative effects of the COVID‑19 pandemic on the economy; production of rice, a main food staple, was estimated at a below-average level in 2021, a factor that is expected to further aggravate food insecurity in 2022; prices of staple food have been on the rise in most domestic markets since early 2021; the main drivers of the food insecurity are the effects on crop production of floods and high infestations of pests, including Fall Armyworm in some localized areas (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "17.19 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "1.39 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "6.56 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/africa/lt.json b/africa/lt.json index d184b7fe..d3e1e5d8 100644 --- a/africa/lt.json +++ b/africa/lt.json @@ -396,17 +396,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "27.78 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "2.51 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "2.56 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers" }, @@ -438,15 +427,26 @@ "text": "2.77% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to poor harvests and increased food prices - according to the latest national food security assessment, 22% of the rural population are expected to face acute food insecurity between October 2022 and March 2023, compared to 15% between July and September 2022; the forecasted proportion translates into 320,000 people in rural areas, while an additional 201,000 people in urban areas are foreseen to also need assistance; the foreseen increase of acute food insecurity levels is primarily due to the reduced harvest, high food prices in basic food and non‑food commodities and a slow recovery of households’ income reflecting a downturn in economic growth; harvesting of the 2022 main-season summer cereal crops, mostly maize and sorghum, is complete; production of maize, the main cereal staple, is about one‑third of the average, while the sorghum output is almost negligible; the poor harvest was primarily due to torrential rainfalls during January and February 2022, which caused localized flooding and resulted in crop losses (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "3.34% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to poor harvests and increased food prices - according to the latest national food security assessment, 22% of the rural population are expected to face acute food insecurity between October 2022 and March 2023, compared to 15% between July and September 2022; the forecasted proportion translates into 320,000 people in rural areas, while an additional 201,000 people in urban areas are foreseen to also need assistance; the foreseen increase of acute food insecurity levels is primarily due to the reduced harvest, high food prices in basic food and non‑food commodities and a slow recovery of households’ income reflecting a downturn in economic growth; harvesting of the 2022 main-season summer cereal crops, mostly maize and sorghum, is complete; production of maize, the main cereal staple, is about one‑third of the average, while the sorghum output is almost negligible; the poor harvest was primarily due to torrential rainfalls during January and February 2022, which caused localized flooding and resulted in crop losses (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "27.78 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "2.51 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "2.56 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/africa/ly.json b/africa/ly.json index 23768713..20466dd4 100644 --- a/africa/ly.json +++ b/africa/ly.json @@ -367,17 +367,6 @@ "text": "Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Law of the Sea" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "44.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "50.56 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "45.76 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior" }, @@ -409,15 +398,26 @@ "text": "1.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to civil insecurity, economic and political instability, and high food prices - an estimated 800,000 people, 10% of the population, need humanitarian assistance, of which 500,000 require food assistance; the country relies heavily on imports (up to 90%) to cover its cereal consumption requirements (mostly wheat for human consumption and barley for feed); between 2016 and 2020, the country sourced over 30% of its wheat imports from Ukraine, and 20% from the Russian Federation; almost 65% of total maize imports of 650,000 mt, and 50% of total barley imports of 1 million mt originated from Ukraine, making the Libya vulnerable to disruptions in shipments from the Black Sea region (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0.06% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to civil insecurity, economic and political instability, and high food prices - an estimated 800,000 people, 10% of the population, need humanitarian assistance, of which 500,000 require food assistance; the country relies heavily on imports (up to 90%) to cover its cereal consumption requirements (mostly wheat for human consumption and barley for feed); between 2016 and 2020, the country sourced over 30% of its wheat imports from Ukraine, and 20% from the Russian Federation; almost 65% of total maize imports of 650,000 mt, and 50% of total barley imports of 1 million mt originated from Ukraine, making the Libya vulnerable to disruptions in shipments from the Black Sea region (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "44.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "50.56 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "45.76 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -1118,13 +1118,13 @@ "text": "not available" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Turkey has provided military advisers to trained and assist western/GNU Libyan forces and thousands of Syrian mercenaries to Libya, as well as ammunition, weapons and aerial drones; Russia, the United Arab Emirates, and Egypt have been the main supporters of the LNA; Russia has provided as many as 2,000 private military contractors; the LNA has also used fighters from other countries, including Chad, Sudan, and Syria 

ISIS continues to maintain a relatively weak presence in Libya with small bands of fighters operating out of ungoverned spaces and conducting small-scale attacks throughout the country (2023)" + "text": "Turkey has provided military advisers to trained and assist western/GNU Libyan forces and thousands of Syrian mercenaries to Libya, as well as ammunition, weapons, and aerial drones; Russia, the United Arab Emirates, and Egypt have been the main supporters of the LNA; Russia has provided as many as 2,000 private military contractors; the LNA has also used fighters from other countries, including Chad, Sudan, and Syria; GNU and LNA forces are separated by a fortified line of control running roughly from the coastal city of Sirte south to the vicinity of Al Jufra and Brak (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { "Terrorist group(s)": { "text": "Ansar al-Sharia groups; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - Libya (ISIS-L); al-Mulathamun Battalion (al-Mourabitoun); al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)", - "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T" + "note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/africa/ma.json b/africa/ma.json index 7c6235ab..6ac00be0 100644 --- a/africa/ma.json +++ b/africa/ma.json @@ -412,17 +412,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "21.44 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "3.91 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "10.14 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south" }, @@ -454,15 +443,26 @@ "text": "4.26% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to the effects of extreme weather events and slow economic recovery - according to the latest May 2022 analysis, the prevalence of food insecurity in the southern regions is projected to peak at 2.1 million people by December 2022 until at least March 2023; overall, the number of people requiring humanitarian assistance by the end of 2022 is expected to be about 30 percent higher compared to the peak number in 2021; the poor food security situation is mainly the consequence of six consecutive poor agricultural seasons that culminated in very tight food supplies for rural households and curbed incomes from crop sales; high rates of poverty and increased prices of essential food commodities, combined with a high reliance on market supplies due to low harvests for own consumption, are also contributing to the high rates of food insecurity across the southern regions (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "4.34% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to the effects of extreme weather events and slow economic recovery - according to the latest May 2022 analysis, the prevalence of food insecurity in the southern regions is projected to peak at 2.1 million people by December 2022 until at least March 2023; overall, the number of people requiring humanitarian assistance by the end of 2022 is expected to be about 30 percent higher compared to the peak number in 2021; the poor food security situation is mainly the consequence of six consecutive poor agricultural seasons that culminated in very tight food supplies for rural households and curbed incomes from crop sales; high rates of poverty and increased prices of essential food commodities, combined with a high reliance on market supplies due to low harvests for own consumption, are also contributing to the high rates of food insecurity across the southern regions (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "21.44 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "3.91 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "10.14 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/africa/mi.json b/africa/mi.json index 1ed07fbe..3e40bce0 100644 --- a/africa/mi.json +++ b/africa/mi.json @@ -407,17 +407,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "22.14 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "1.3 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "11.12 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)" }, @@ -449,15 +438,26 @@ "text": "4.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "widespread lack of access": { + "text": "due to localized shortfalls in cereal production and high food prices - an estimated 3.82 million people are expected to experience acute food insecurity between October 2022 and March 2023; this number is more than double the estimate for the January to March 2022 period; high food prices and the effects of weather-induced localized shortfalls in cereal production in 2022, notably in southern districts, are the primary factors underpinning the increase in acute food insecurity (2023)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "6.19% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.03% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "widespread lack of access": { - "text": "due to localized shortfalls in cereal production and high food prices - an estimated 3.82 million people are expected to experience acute food insecurity between October 2022 and March 2023; this number is more than double the estimate for the January to March 2022 period; high food prices and the effects of weather-induced localized shortfalls in cereal production in 2022, notably in southern districts, are the primary factors underpinning the increase in acute food insecurity (2023)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "22.14 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "1.3 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "11.12 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -1223,7 +1223,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "32,715 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) 10,895 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,466 (Rwanda) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)" + "text": "32,891 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) 10,895 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,466 (Rwanda) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/africa/ml.json b/africa/ml.json index c7644442..0d239529 100644 --- a/africa/ml.json +++ b/africa/ml.json @@ -424,17 +424,6 @@ "text": "Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "31.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "3.18 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "19.16 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February)" }, @@ -466,15 +455,26 @@ "text": "4.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "

due to civil insecurity and high food prices - the food security situation deteriorated in 2021, particularly in conflict-affected central and northern areas; according to the latest analysis, about 1.84 million people are estimated to be in “Crisis” and above between June and August 2022, as a result of worsening conflicts, weather shocks, reduced cereal production in 2021 and high food prices

(2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "2.02% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "

due to civil insecurity and high food prices - the food security situation deteriorated in 2021, particularly in conflict-affected central and northern areas; according to the latest analysis, about 1.84 million people are estimated to be in “Crisis” and above between June and August 2022, as a result of worsening conflicts, weather shocks, reduced cereal production in 2021 and high food prices

(2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "31.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "3.18 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "19.16 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/africa/mo.json b/africa/mo.json index bf029f5a..da5f231a 100644 --- a/africa/mo.json +++ b/africa/mo.json @@ -429,18 +429,6 @@ "text": "Environmental Modification" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "30.99 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "61.28 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "17.16 megatons (2020 est.)" - }, - "note": "note:  data does not include former Western Sahara" - }, "Climate": { "text": "Mediterranean in the north, becoming more extreme in the interior; in the south, hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew", "note": "note:  data does not include former Western Sahara" @@ -481,6 +469,18 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "30.99 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "61.28 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "17.16 megatons (2020 est.)" + }, + "note": "note:  data does not include former Western Sahara" + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "6.852 million tons (2014 est.)" @@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ "text": "775 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 925 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (May 2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Moroccan military forces were engaged in combat operations against the Polisario Front (aka Frente Popular para la Liberación de Saguia el-Hamra y de Río de Oro or Frente Polisario) from 1975 until a UN-brokered cease-fire in 1991; since late 2020, armed conflict between the two sides has resumed; a 2,500-kilometer long sand berm, built in 1987, separates the forces of Morocco and the Polisario Front

the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) was established by Security Council resolution 690 in April 1991 in accordance with settlement proposals accepted in August 1988 by Morocco and the Polisario Front; MINURSO was unable to carry out all the original settlement proposals, but as of 2022 continued to monitor the cease-fire and reduce the threat of mines and unexploded ordnance, and has provided logistic support to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) with personnel and air and ground assets

Morocco has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2023)" + "text": "the Royal Armed Forces (FAR) are responsible for defending Morocco’s territorial integrity; key areas of concern for the FAR include regional challenges such as the Polisario Front in Western Sahara and Algeria; Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara and administers the territory that it controls; the Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), an organization that seeks the territory’s independence, disputes Morocco’s claim of sovereignty over the territory; Moroccan and Polisario forces fought intermittently from 1975, when Spain relinquished colonial authority over the territory, until a 1991 cease-fire and the establishment of a UN peacekeeping mission; the Polisario withdrew from the cease-fire in November 2020, and since then there have been reports of intermittent indirect fire between the FAR and Polisario fighters across the 2,500-kilometer-long berm built in 1987 that separates the two sides; Algeria is considered a regional rival and has openly backed the Polisario Front

the FAR is a professional military and has experience in counterinsurgency, desert warfare, and international peacekeeping and security operations; it participates in both bilateral and multinational exercises and has relations with a variety of partners including the militaries of France, Spain, and the US, as well as NATO, the Arab League, and the African Union; the FAR provided fighter aircraft to the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen from 2015-2019; Morocco has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation

the Royal Army has considerable artillery, armored, mechanized infantry, and motorized infantry forces formed as brigades, regiments, and independent battalions that are mostly deployed in two geographic commands focused on Western Sahara in the south and Algeria in the east and north; its armored forces include some 400 modern US-made tanks purchased since 2012; the Army also has brigades of airborne and security troops; the Navy's warships include about 6 frigates and more than 20 offshore patrol craft of varying size and capabilities; it also has a small force of naval infantry; the Air Force has approximately 100 French- and US-made combat aircraft
 
the FAR was created in May 1956; large numbers of Moroccans were recruited for service in the Spahi and Tirailleur regiments of the French Army of Africa during the period of the French protectorate (1912-1956); many Moroccans fought under the French Army during both World Wars; after World War II, Moroccans formed part of the French Far East Expeditionary Corps during the First Indochina War (1946-1954); the Spanish Army recruited Moroccans from the Spanish Protectorate during both the Rif War (1921-26) and the Spanish Civil War (1936-39)

the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) was established by Security Council resolution 690 in April 1991 in accordance with settlement proposals accepted in August 1988 by Morocco and the Polisario Front; MINURSO was unable to carry out all the original settlement proposals, but as of 2022 continued to monitor the cease-fire and reduce the threat of mines and unexploded ordnance, and has provided logistic support to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) with personnel and air and ground assets (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/mp.json b/africa/mp.json index e7da8789..e8e1058f 100644 --- a/africa/mp.json +++ b/africa/mp.json @@ -375,17 +375,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "13.54 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "4.35 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "2.06 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)" }, @@ -423,6 +412,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "13.54 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "4.35 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "2.06 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "438,000 tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/africa/mr.json b/africa/mr.json index dd219626..7312e55b 100644 --- a/africa/mr.json +++ b/africa/mr.json @@ -414,17 +414,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "40.82 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "2.74 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "6.16 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty" }, @@ -456,15 +445,26 @@ "text": "3.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "widespread lack of access": { + "text": "due to high food prices - according to the latest analysis, nearly 695,000 people are projected to be in need of humanitarian assistance during the June to August 2023 lean season; this would be an improvement compared to the previous year, mostly due to the substantial cereal production increase in 2022; high food prices continue to worsen food security, while flooding in 2022, which affected about 54,000 people, has further aggravated the conditions of vulnerable households (2023)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "1.3% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "widespread lack of access": { - "text": "due to high food prices - according to the latest analysis, nearly 695,000 people are projected to be in need of humanitarian assistance during the June to August 2023 lean season; this would be an improvement compared to the previous year, mostly due to the substantial cereal production increase in 2022; high food prices continue to worsen food security, while flooding in 2022, which affected about 54,000 people, has further aggravated the conditions of vulnerable households (2023)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "40.82 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "2.74 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "6.16 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@ "note": "note: Mauritania is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G4 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; as of 2020, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "since a spate of terrorist attacks in the 2000s, including a 2008 attack on a military base in the country’s north that resulted in the deaths of 12 soldiers, the Mauritanian Government has increased the defense budget and military equipment acquisitions, enhanced military training, heightened security cooperation with its neighbors and the international community, and built up the military’s special operations and civil-military affairs forces (2022)" + "text": "founded in 1960, the Mauritanian military is responsible for territorial defense and internal security; it also assists in economic development projects, humanitarian missions, and disaster response; securing the border and countering terrorist groups operating in the Sahel, particularly from Mali, are key operational priorities; since a spate of deadly terrorist attacks on civilian and military targets in the 2005-2011 timeframe, the Mauritanian Government has increased the defense budget (up 40% between 2008 and 2018) and military equipment acquisitions, enhanced military training, heightened security cooperation with its neighbors and the international community, and built up the military’s counterinsurgency and counterterrorism forces and capabilities; equipment acquisitions have prioritized mobility, flexibility, and intelligence collection, including light ground attack and reconnaissance aircraft, assault helicopters, patrol vessels, light trucks, and surveillance radars; Mauritania has received foreign security assistance from France, NATO, and the US in areas such as commando/special forces operations, counterterrorism, and professional military education

the Army has sought to create lighter, more nimble units capable of operating in the harsh environment of the Sahel; since 2009, for example, it has enhanced existing camel-mounted nomad patrol units and created up to 8 Special Intervention Groups (GSI), 200-man French-trained Army commando/counterterrorism units that are mounted on light vehicles, carry their own supplies, and operate in remote desert border areas for extended periods of time; in addition to the GSI and camel-mounted forces, the Army has multiple motorized infantry battalions, plus individual battalions of tanks, light armored reconnaissance, presidential guards, and airborne/commando forces to supplement garrison units stationed throughout the country in 6 military regions; the Gendarmerie has territorial-based, mobile, and specialized units such rapid reaction forces (Rapid Action Group – Surveillance and Intervention Group or GAR-SI) that conduct counterterrorism missions and work with the regular military services; the Air Force has acquired a few light attack combat aircraft in recent years, but remains small with a total inventory of about 20 patrol, transport, and trainer airplanes and helicopters; in addition to 2 offshore patrol vessels acquired from China in 2016, the Navy has a small force of coastal patrol craft and inshore patrol boats to monitor the country’s 750km-long coastline and Economic Exclusion Zone, plus a unit of marines (Fusiliers Marins); it has conducted joint patrols with the Senegalese Navy along their shared maritime border (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/mz.json b/africa/mz.json index 17a0cf0d..17b33c53 100644 --- a/africa/mz.json +++ b/africa/mz.json @@ -408,17 +408,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "19.44 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "7.94 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "16.26 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical to subtropical" }, @@ -450,15 +439,26 @@ "text": "4.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "

due to shortfall in agricultural production and economic downturn - the number of people in need of food assistance is expected to rise above the 1.86 million estimated in 2021-2022 because of three key factors; firstly, higher year‑on‑year prices of food and fuel are reducing households’ purchasing power, worsening their economic access to food, particularly for low-income households; secondly, the impact of extreme weather events on agricultural production in central and southern provinces in 2022 is likely to mean that farming households in the affected areas have both low food supplies from their own production and curtailed income-earning opportunities from crop sales, impinging on their food availability and economic access to food; thirdly, there has been an increase in attacks by non‑state armed groups in the northern province of Cabo Delgado in 2022

(2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "6.46% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "4.17% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "

due to shortfall in agricultural production and economic downturn - the number of people in need of food assistance is expected to rise above the 1.86 million estimated in 2021-2022 because of three key factors; firstly, higher year‑on‑year prices of food and fuel are reducing households’ purchasing power, worsening their economic access to food, particularly for low-income households; secondly, the impact of extreme weather events on agricultural production in central and southern provinces in 2022 is likely to mean that farming households in the affected areas have both low food supplies from their own production and curtailed income-earning opportunities from crop sales, impinging on their food availability and economic access to food; thirdly, there has been an increase in attacks by non‑state armed groups in the northern province of Cabo Delgado in 2022

(2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "19.44 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "7.94 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "16.26 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -1257,7 +1257,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "12,043 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,250 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)" + "text": "12,107 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,250 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "1.03 million (north Mozambique, violence between the government and an opposition group, violence associated with extremists groups in 2018, political violence 2019) (2022)" diff --git a/africa/ng.json b/africa/ng.json index f4e28338..e8be88ad 100644 --- a/africa/ng.json +++ b/africa/ng.json @@ -409,17 +409,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "70.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "2.02 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "22.99 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south" }, @@ -451,15 +440,26 @@ "text": "4.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "widespread lack of access": { + "text": "due to internal conflict, high food prices, and floods - about 2.87 million people are projected to be acutely food insecure during the June to August 2023 lean season period; this would be an improvement on the situation in 2022, mostly reflecting the sharp upturn in crop yields following the below‑average cereal output in 2021; persistent insecurity continues to disrupt livelihoods and has displaced over 360,000 people as of January 2023, mostly in the Diffa, Tahoua and Tillabery regions; high food prices, as well as the floods in 2022 that affected about 327,000 people, are additional factors that have aggravated food insecurity (2023)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "4.41% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.03% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "widespread lack of access": { - "text": "due to internal conflict, high food prices, and floods - about 2.87 million people are projected to be acutely food insecure during the June to August 2023 lean season period; this would be an improvement on the situation in 2022, mostly reflecting the sharp upturn in crop yields following the below‑average cereal output in 2021; persistent insecurity continues to disrupt livelihoods and has displaced over 360,000 people as of January 2023, mostly in the Diffa, Tahoua and Tillabery regions; high food prices, as well as the floods in 2022 that affected about 327,000 people, are additional factors that have aggravated food insecurity (2023)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "70.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "2.02 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "22.99 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -1184,7 +1184,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Nigerien Armed Forces (Forces Armees Nigeriennes, FAN): Army, Nigerien Air Force, Niger Gendarmerie (GN); Ministry of Interior: Niger National Guard (GNN), National Police (2022)", + "text": "Nigerien Armed Forces (Forces Armees Nigeriennes, FAN): Army, Nigerien Air Force, Niger Gendarmerie (GN); Ministry of Interior: Niger National Guard (GNN), National Police (2023)", "note": "note 1: the Gendarmerie (GN) and the National Guard (GNN) are paramilitary forces; the GN has primary responsibility for rural security while the GNN is responsible for domestic security and the protection of high-level officials and government buildings; the GNN was formerly known as the National Forces of Intervention and Security

note 2: the National Police includes the Directorate of Territorial Surveillance, which is charged with border management" }, "Military expenditures": { @@ -1208,17 +1208,17 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 12,000 active FAN troops (8,000 Army; 200 Air Force; 4,000 Gendarmerie); approximately 3,000 National Guard (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the FAN's inventory consists of a wide variety of older weapons; in recent years, it has received small amounts of mostly secondhand equipment and donations from several countries, particularly the US  (2022)" + "text": "the FAN's inventory consists of a wide variety of older weapons; in recent years, it has received small amounts of mostly secondhand equipment and donations from several countries, particularly the US (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for selective compulsory or voluntary military service for unmarried men and women; 24-month service term (2023)" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "875 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)", - "note": "note 1: Niger is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 (now G4) Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), and Mauritania; it has committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force; as of 2022, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US

note 2: Niger also has about 1,000 troops committed to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically" + "text": "875 Mali (MINUSMA) (2023)", + "note": "note 1: Niger is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 (now G4) Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), and Mauritania; it has committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force; defense forces from each of the participating states are allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US

note 2: Niger also has about 1,000 troops committed to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "while the FAN is responsible for ensuring external security, much of its focus is internal, particularly counterinsurgency/counterterrorism operations against Islamic militant groups operating in the areas bordering Burkina Faso, Libya, Mali, and Nigeria, as well as much of northern Niger and the Diffa and Lake Chad regions; these groups include the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) in the Greater Sahara, Boko Haram, ISIS-West Africa, and Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM); up to 70% of the security forces are assigned to fighting militants and protecting borders

the FAN is a lightly armed, but experienced military; it has conducted training and combat operations with foreign partners, including the French and US; the EU has also provided security assistance, particularly to the GN, GNN, and the National Police; the FAN also conducts counterterrorism operations with the G4 Sahel Group and the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), which coordinates the Lake Chad states’ operations against Boko Haram

in recent years, Niger has focused on making its security services more mobile to improve their effectiveness in countering terrorism and protecting the country’s borders; with training support and material assistance from the US and the EU, each security service has created new units or reconfigured existing units with an emphasis on mobility, hybridization, and specialized training; since the 2010s, the Army has created a special operations command, up to 12 special intervention battalions, and an anti-terrorism unit known as the 1st Expeditionary Force of Niger (EFoN); the GN has created mobile units modeled on European gendarmerie forces known as the Rapid Action Group—Surveillance and Response in the Sahel (Groupe d'action Rapides—Surveillance et Intervention au Sahel or GAR-SI Sahel); the GNN has developed mobile Multipurpose Squadrons (Escadrons Polyvalentes de la Garde Nationale de Niger or EP-GNN), while the National Police have created Mobile Border Control Companies (Compagnie Mobile de Contrôle des Frontières or CMCF); Niger has also established training centers for special forces in Tillia and peacekeeping in Ouallam; meanwhile, the Air Force has received a few armed UAVs from Turkey

the Army was established in 1960 from French colonial forces, while the Air Force was formed as the Niger National Escadrille in 1961; the GN received its first Nigerien commander in 1962; since its establishment, Niger’s military has played a significant role in the country’s politics, conducting successful coups in 1974, 1996, 1999, and 2010, and ruling Niger for much of the period before 1999; the FAN also conducted counterinsurgency operations against Taureg rebels during 1990-95 and 2007-09 (2023)" + "text": "while the FAN is responsible for ensuring external security, much of its focus is internal, particularly counterinsurgency/counterterrorism operations against Islamic militant groups operating in the areas bordering Burkina Faso, Libya, Mali, and Nigeria, as well as much of northern Niger and the Diffa and Lake Chad regions; these groups include the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) in the Greater Sahara, Boko Haram, ISIS-West Africa, and Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM); up to 70% of the security forces are assigned to fighting militants and protecting borders

the FAN is a lightly armed, but experienced military; it has conducted training and combat operations with foreign partners, including the French and US; the EU has also provided security assistance, particularly to the GN, GNN, and the National Police; the FAN also conducts counterterrorism operations with the G4 Sahel Group and the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), which coordinates the Lake Chad states’ operations against Boko Haram

in recent years, Niger has focused on making its security services more mobile to improve their effectiveness in countering terrorism and protecting the country’s borders; with training support and material assistance from the US and the EU, each security service has created new units or reconfigured existing units with an emphasis on mobility, hybridization, and specialized training; since the 2010s, the Army has created a special operations command, several special intervention battalions, and an anti-terrorism unit known as the 1st Expeditionary Force of Niger (EFoN); the GN has created mobile units modeled on European gendarmerie forces known as the Rapid Action Group—Surveillance and Response in the Sahel (Groupe d'action Rapides—Surveillance et Intervention au Sahel or GAR-SI Sahel); the GNN has developed mobile Multipurpose Squadrons (Escadrons Polyvalentes de la Garde Nationale de Niger or EP-GNN), while the National Police have created Mobile Border Control Companies (Compagnie Mobile de Contrôle des Frontières or CMCF); Niger has also established training centers for special forces in Tillia and peacekeeping in Ouallam; meanwhile, the Air Force has received a few armed UAVs from Turkey

the Army was established in 1960 from French colonial forces, while the Air Force was formed as the Niger National Escadrille in 1961; the GN received its first Nigerien commander in 1962; since its establishment, Niger’s military has played a significant role in the country’s politics, conducting successful coups in 1974, 1996, 1999, and 2010, and ruling Niger for much of the period before 1999; the FAN also conducted counterinsurgency operations against Taureg rebels during 1990-95 and 2007-09 (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/ni.json b/africa/ni.json index 05a4760d..20d40475 100644 --- a/africa/ni.json +++ b/africa/ni.json @@ -418,17 +418,6 @@ "text": "Tropical Timber 2006" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "48.73 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "120.37 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "143.99 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north" }, @@ -460,15 +449,26 @@ "text": "3.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "widespread lack of access": { + "text": "due to persistent civil conflict in the northern areas, floods, high food prices, and an economic slowdown - about 25.3 million people are projected to face acute food insecurity during the June to August 2023 lean season; this would be a significant deterioration compared to last year, when 19.45 million people were estimated to be acutely food insecure; acute food insecurity is mostly driven by the deterioration of security conditions and conflicts in northern states, which have led to the displacement of about 3.17 million people as of March 2022 (the latest data available) and are constraining farmers’ access to their lands; widespread flooding in 2022, affecting about 4.5 million people across the country, has further compounded conditions, particularly in areas already facing high levels of insecurity; high food prices and the expected slowdown in economic growth in 2023 are additional drivers of acute food insecurity (2023)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "1.02% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "widespread lack of access": { - "text": "due to persistent civil conflict in the northern areas, floods, high food prices, and an economic slowdown - about 25.3 million people are projected to face acute food insecurity during the June to August 2023 lean season; this would be a significant deterioration compared to last year, when 19.45 million people were estimated to be acutely food insecure; acute food insecurity is mostly driven by the deterioration of security conditions and conflicts in northern states, which have led to the displacement of about 3.17 million people as of March 2022 (the latest data available) and are constraining farmers’ access to their lands; widespread flooding in 2022, affecting about 4.5 million people across the country, has further compounded conditions, particularly in areas already facing high levels of insecurity; high food prices and the expected slowdown in economic growth in 2023 are additional drivers of acute food insecurity (2023)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "48.73 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "120.37 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "143.99 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index c848311f..1ccebe4b 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -349,17 +349,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "41.12 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "1.73 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "7.61 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "hot with seasonal rainfall influenced by the annual shift of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone; rainfall heaviest in upland areas of the south and diminishes to the north" }, @@ -388,14 +377,25 @@ "text": "4.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, - "Revenue from forest resources": { - "text": "2.65% of GDP (2015 est.)" - }, "Food insecurity": { "widespread lack of access": { "text": "due to economic downturn, the lingering effects of floods, and prolonged internal conflict - despite sustained humanitarian assistance, food insecurity still affects large segments of the population, owing to rampant inflation and insufficient food supplies due to stagnant agricultural production, the effects of consecutive years with widespread floods, and the escalation of organized violence at the subnational level since 2020; about 7.76 million people, almost two thirds of the total population, are expected to face severe acute food insecurity in the lean season between April and July 2023 (2023)" } }, + "Revenue from forest resources": { + "text": "2.65% of GDP (2015 est.)" + }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "41.12 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "1.73 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "7.61 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "2,680,681 tons (2013 est.)" diff --git a/africa/pu.json b/africa/pu.json index cbd4620a..6a16da8d 100644 --- a/africa/pu.json +++ b/africa/pu.json @@ -392,17 +392,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "27.12 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.29 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "1.46 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds" }, @@ -440,6 +429,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "27.12 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.29 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "1.46 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "289,514 tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/africa/rw.json b/africa/rw.json index ca2afbd5..91e76770 100644 --- a/africa/rw.json +++ b/africa/rw.json @@ -401,17 +401,6 @@ "text": "Law of the Sea" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "40.75 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "1.11 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "2.92 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible" }, @@ -449,6 +438,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "40.75 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "1.11 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "2.92 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "4,384,969 tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/africa/se.json b/africa/se.json index 2262e9c7..afc76448 100644 --- a/africa/se.json +++ b/africa/se.json @@ -375,17 +375,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "18.72 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.61 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.1 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)" }, @@ -423,6 +412,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "18.72 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.61 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.1 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "48,000 tons (2012 est.)" diff --git a/africa/sf.json b/africa/sf.json index c40e9ced..8d70172e 100644 --- a/africa/sf.json +++ b/africa/sf.json @@ -417,17 +417,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "23.58 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "476.64 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "55.89 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights" }, @@ -462,6 +451,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "2.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "23.58 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "476.64 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "55.89 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "18,457,232 tons (2011 est.)" @@ -1280,7 +1280,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "22,388 (Somalia), 15,240 (Ethiopia) (mid-year 2022); 56,080 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)" + "text": "22,388 (Somalia), 15,240 (Ethiopia) (mid-year 2022); 42,167 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "5,000 (2020)" diff --git a/africa/sg.json b/africa/sg.json index 17f9bee5..d6bc5a62 100644 --- a/africa/sg.json +++ b/africa/sg.json @@ -423,17 +423,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "37.52 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "10.9 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "11.74 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind" }, @@ -465,15 +454,26 @@ "text": "3.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to localized shortfalls in cereal production and reduced incomes - according to the latest analysis, about 881,000 people are estimated to be in need of humanitarian assistance between June and August 2022, mostly on account of localized shortfalls in cereal production in 2021 and reduced incomes owing to the impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "1.46% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to localized shortfalls in cereal production and reduced incomes - according to the latest analysis, about 881,000 people are estimated to be in need of humanitarian assistance between June and August 2022, mostly on account of localized shortfalls in cereal production in 2021 and reduced incomes owing to the impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "37.52 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "10.9 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "11.74 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/africa/sl.json b/africa/sl.json index d567dcae..e57de7c4 100644 --- a/africa/sl.json +++ b/africa/sl.json @@ -406,17 +406,6 @@ "text": "Environmental Modification" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "20.63 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "1.09 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "3.16 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)" }, @@ -448,15 +437,26 @@ "text": "3.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to high food prices and reduced incomes - about 1.6 million people are estimated to be severely food insecure between June and August 2022 on account of high food prices and low purchasing power, resulting in acute constraints on households’ economic access to food (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "6.92% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to high food prices and reduced incomes - about 1.6 million people are estimated to be severely food insecure between June and August 2022 on account of high food prices and low purchasing power, resulting in acute constraints on households’ economic access to food (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "20.63 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "1.09 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "3.16 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/africa/so.json b/africa/so.json index 1514df6a..d03a63eb 100644 --- a/africa/so.json +++ b/africa/so.json @@ -388,17 +388,6 @@ "text": "Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "29.51 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.65 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "20.13 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "principally desert; northeast monsoon (December to February), moderate temperatures in north and hot in south; southwest monsoon (May to October), torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons" }, @@ -435,6 +424,17 @@ "text": "due to drought conditions and internal conflict - about 6.5 million people are estimated to face severe acute food insecurity between April and June 2023 as a result of consecutive poor rainy seasons since late 2020 and heightened conflict since early 2021 (2023)" } }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "29.51 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.65 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "20.13 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "2,326,099 tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/africa/su.json b/africa/su.json index e6166358..2b5b02ca 100644 --- a/africa/su.json +++ b/africa/su.json @@ -403,17 +403,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "47.92 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "20 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "75.1 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "hot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November)" }, @@ -445,15 +434,26 @@ "text": "3.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to conflict, civil insecurity, and soaring food prices - according to the results of the latest analysis, about 11.7 million people (24% of the analyzed population) are estimated to be severely food insecure during June to September 2022; the main drivers are macroeconomic challenges resulting in rampant food and non‑food inflation, tight supplies due to a poor 2021 harvest and the escalation of intercommunal violence (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "3.01% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to conflict, civil insecurity, and soaring food prices - according to the results of the latest analysis, about 11.7 million people (24% of the analyzed population) are estimated to be severely food insecure during June to September 2022; the main drivers are macroeconomic challenges resulting in rampant food and non‑food inflation, tight supplies due to a poor 2021 harvest and the escalation of intercommunal violence (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "47.92 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "20 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "75.1 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/africa/to.json b/africa/to.json index 4de40f3b..ca12d27a 100644 --- a/africa/to.json +++ b/africa/to.json @@ -415,17 +415,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "32.71 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "3 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "3.06 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north" }, @@ -463,6 +452,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "32.71 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "3 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "3.06 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1,109,030 tons (2014 est.)" diff --git a/africa/tp.json b/africa/tp.json index ccb46acc..2d3ecbb4 100644 --- a/africa/tp.json +++ b/africa/tp.json @@ -399,17 +399,6 @@ "text": "Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "25.66 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.12 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.04 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)" }, @@ -447,6 +436,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "25.66 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.12 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.04 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "25,587 tons (2014 est.)" diff --git a/africa/ts.json b/africa/ts.json index 282f59b5..2372d7f1 100644 --- a/africa/ts.json +++ b/africa/ts.json @@ -386,17 +386,6 @@ "text": "Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "35.66 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "29.94 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "7.89 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south" }, @@ -434,6 +423,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "35.66 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "29.94 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "7.89 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "2.7 million tons (2014 est.)" @@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@ "text": "325 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 100 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Tunisian military’s primary operational areas of focus are counterterrorism, counterinsurgency, and border security; it is conducting counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations against al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and Islamic State of ash-Sham (ISIS)-linked militants who have been fighting a low-intensity insurgency, mostly in the mountainous region along the border with Algeria, particularly the Chaambi Mountains near the city of Kasserine; the military maintains the lead role for security in this area and also routinely conducts joint operations with Algerian security forces against these groups, as well to counter smuggling and trafficking activities; the military in recent years also has increased its role in securing the southern border against militant activity, smuggling, and trafficking from war-torn Libya; since 2015, Tunisia has constructed a complex structure of berms, trenches, and water-filled moats, complemented by electronic surveillance equipment such as motion detectors, ground surveillance radars, and infrared sensors along the 220-kilometer border with Libya; in the remote southern areas of the border with Libya, buffer/exclusion zones have also been established where the military has the lead for counterterrorism efforts; outside of these border areas, the Ministry of Interior (MOI) has the lead responsibility for counter-terrorism in Tunisia, particularly for urban areas; the National Police Anti-Terrorism Brigade (BAT) and the National Guard Special Unit have the lead for MOI counterterrorism operations

Tunisia has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2023)" + "text": "the FAT is responsible for territorial defense and internal security; its operational areas of focus are countering Islamic terrorist groups and assisting with securing the border; it is conducting counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations against militant groups linked to al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and the Islamic State of ash-Sham (ISIS) who are fighting a low-intensity insurgency, mostly in the mountainous region along the border with Algeria, particularly the Chaambi Mountains near the city of Kasserine; the military has the lead role for security in this area and also routinely conducts joint operations with Algerian security forces against these groups, as well to counter smuggling and trafficking activities; the FAT in recent years also has increased its role in securing the southern border against militant activity, smuggling, and trafficking from war-torn Libya; since 2015, Tunisia has constructed a system of berms, trenches, and water-filled moats, complemented by electronic surveillance equipment such as motion detectors, ground surveillance radars, and infrared sensors along the 220-kilometer border with Libya; in the remote southern areas of the border with Libya, buffer/exclusion zones have also been established where the military has the lead for counterterrorism efforts; outside of these border areas, the Ministry of Interior (MOI) has the responsibility for counterterrorism, particularly for urban areas; the National Police Anti-Terrorism Brigade and the National Guard Special Unit have the lead for MOI counterterrorism operations

the FAT is a conscript-based, but professional force that has historically remained largely apolitical and stayed out of the country’s economy; following Tunisia’s 1956 independence, FAT officers were legally prohibited from joining political parties, and the military did not intervene to prop up BEN ALI in 2011; nevertheless, President SAIED’s use of military courts to try civilians and placement of military troops outside of the parliament building after he dissolved the Assembly has raised concerns of military politicization
 
the FAT conducts bilateral and multinational training exercises with a variety of countries, including Algeria and other North African and Middle Eastern countries, France, and the US, as well as NATO; it also participates in UN peacekeeping operations; the Army has 5 combat brigades, including 3 mechanized infantry, a desert patrol, and a special forces brigade, as well as an armored reconnaissance regiment; the Navy is a coastal defense force with a small inventory of offshore patrol ships complemented by a mix of fast attack and patrol craft; the Air Force largely supports the Army’s operations; it has a handful of older US-made fighter aircraft and a few dozen combat helicopters, mostly of French and US origin 

Tunisia has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/tz.json b/africa/tz.json index 6ce85b1f..af312bd0 100644 --- a/africa/tz.json +++ b/africa/tz.json @@ -428,17 +428,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "25.59 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "11.97 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "59.08 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands" }, @@ -470,15 +459,26 @@ "text": "4.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to localized shortfalls in staple food production - about 592,000 people are estimated to be in need of humanitarian assistance between May and September 2022, mainly located in northeastern regions, reflecting crop losses during the October–December “Vuli” 2021 and March–May “Masika” 2022 seasons due to poor rains; high food prices are also constraining households’ economic access to food (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "2.19% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.02% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to localized shortfalls in staple food production - about 592,000 people are estimated to be in need of humanitarian assistance between May and September 2022, mainly located in northeastern regions, reflecting crop losses during the October–December “Vuli” 2021 and March–May “Masika” 2022 seasons due to poor rains; high food prices are also constraining households’ economic access to food (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "25.59 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "11.97 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "59.08 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index 660df925..e6eb144a 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -400,17 +400,6 @@ "text": "Environmental Modification" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "48.41 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "5.68 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "30.24 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast" }, @@ -442,15 +431,26 @@ "text": "5.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to weather extremes, civil insecurity, and high food prices- in Karamoja Region, about 518,000 people, 41% of the population, are estimated to be severely food insecure between March and July 2022, as a result of consecutive poor rainy seasons that adversely affected crop and livestock production, frequent episodes of cattle rustling leading to the loss of productive assets, and high food prices (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "7.32% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to weather extremes, civil insecurity, and high food prices- in Karamoja Region, about 518,000 people, 41% of the population, are estimated to be severely food insecure between March and July 2022, as a result of consecutive poor rainy seasons that adversely affected crop and livestock production, frequent episodes of cattle rustling leading to the loss of productive assets, and high food prices (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "48.41 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "5.68 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "30.24 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@ "note": "note: in December 2022, Uganda sent approximately 1,000 troops to the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as part of a newly formed East Africa Community Regional Force (EACRF) to assist the DRC military against the rebel group M23" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "

the UPDF’s missions include defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Uganda, assisting the civilian authorities in emergencies and natural disasters, and participating in socio-economic development projects; it supports the police in maintaining internal security and participates in African and UN peacekeeping missions; it is a key contributor to the East Africa Standby Force; the UPDF also has considerable political influence; it is constitutionally granted seats in parliament and is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used by MUSEVENI and his political party to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates 

the UPDF is considered to be a well-equipped force with considerable operational experience; from 2012-2017, it led regional efforts to pursue the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a small, violent group of Ugandan origin that conducted widespread attacks against civilians in much of Central Africa; Uganda intervened in the South Sudan civil war in 2013-2016, and UPDF forces have clashed with South Sudanese forces along the border as recently as 2020; it is also conducting operations along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) against a DRC-based (and formerly based in western Uganda) Ugandan rebel group, the Allied Democratic Front (ADF), which has been designated by the US as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the DRC (see Appendix T); in December 2022, Uganda sent about 1,000 UPDF troops to the DRC as part of a regional force to assist the DRC Government in combating the M23 rebel group; in addition, elements of the UPDF are deployed in the northeast region of Karamoja against cattle rustlers and criminal gangs

the Land Force has 5 light infantry divisions, including one trained for mountain warfare; it also has independent armored, artillery, and motorized infantry brigades, as well as a marine force for patrolling Uganda’s lakes and rivers; the special forces command has armor, artillery, commandos, motorized infantry, and presidential guard forces; the Air Force has small numbers of largely Russian-made combat aircraft and helicopters

the military traces its history back to the formation of the Uganda Rifles in 1895 under the British colonial government; the Uganda Rifles were merged with the Central Africa Regiment and the East Africa Rifles to form the King’s African Rifles (KAR) in 1902, which participated in both world wars, as well as the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya (1952-1960); in 1962, the Ugandan battalion of the KAR was transformed into the country's first military force, the Uganda Rifles, which was subsequently renamed the Uganda Army; the UPDF was established in 1995 from the former rebel National Resistance Army following the enactment of the 1995 Constitution of Uganda (2023)" + "text": "

the UPDF’s missions include defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Uganda, assisting the civilian authorities in emergencies and natural disasters, and participating in socio-economic development projects; it supports the police in maintaining internal security and participates in African and UN peacekeeping missions; it is a key contributor to the East Africa Standby Force; the UPDF also has considerable political influence; it is constitutionally granted seats in parliament and is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used by MUSEVENI and his political party to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates 

the UPDF is viewed as a well-equipped force with considerable operational experience; from 2012-2017, it led regional efforts to pursue the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a small, violent group of Ugandan origin that conducted widespread attacks against civilians in much of Central Africa; Uganda intervened in the South Sudan civil war in 2013-2016, and UPDF forces have clashed with South Sudanese forces along the border as recently as 2020; it is also conducting operations along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) against a DRC-based (and formerly based in western Uganda) Ugandan rebel group, the Allied Democratic Front (ADF), which has been designated by the US as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the DRC (see Appendix T); in December 2022, Uganda sent about 1,000 UPDF troops to the DRC as part of a regional force to assist the DRC Government in combating the M23 rebel group; in addition, elements of the UPDF are deployed in the northeast region of Karamoja against cattle rustlers and criminal gangs

the Land Force has 5 light infantry divisions, including one trained for mountain warfare; it also has independent armored, artillery, and motorized infantry brigades, as well as a marine force for patrolling Uganda’s lakes and rivers; the special forces command has armor, artillery, commandos, motorized infantry, and presidential guard forces; the Air Force has small numbers of largely Russian-made combat aircraft and helicopters

the military traces its history back to the formation of the Uganda Rifles in 1895 under the British colonial government; the Uganda Rifles were merged with the Central Africa Regiment and the East Africa Rifles to form the King’s African Rifles (KAR) in 1902, which participated in both world wars, as well as the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya (1952-1960); in 1962, the Ugandan battalion of the KAR was transformed into the country's first military force, the Uganda Rifles, which was subsequently renamed the Uganda Army; the UPDF was established in 1995 from the former rebel National Resistance Army following the enactment of the 1995 Constitution of Uganda (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/africa/uv.json b/africa/uv.json index c0773441..448b510a 100644 --- a/africa/uv.json +++ b/africa/uv.json @@ -401,17 +401,6 @@ "text": "Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "36.78 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "3.42 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "12.85 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "

three climate zones including a hot tropical savanna with a short rainy season in the southern half, a tropical hot semi-arid steppe climate typical of the Sahel region in the northern half, and small area of hot desert in the very north of the country bordering the Sahara Desert

" }, @@ -443,15 +432,26 @@ "text": "4.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to civil insecurity in the north and high food prices - according to the latest analysis, about 3.53 million people are projected to face acute food insecurity during the June to August 2023 lean season period; this would be a slight increase compared to the preceding year; food insecurity is primarily underpinned by worsening insecurity in Centre-Nord and Sahel regions, which, as of December 2022 (the latest data available), had displaced about 1.88 million people; high food prices further aggravate conditions of the most vulnerable households (2023)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "4.54% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to civil insecurity in the north and high food prices - according to the latest analysis, about 3.53 million people are projected to face acute food insecurity during the June to August 2023 lean season period; this would be a slight increase compared to the preceding year; food insecurity is primarily underpinned by worsening insecurity in Centre-Nord and Sahel regions, which, as of December 2022 (the latest data available), had displaced about 1.88 million people; high food prices further aggravate conditions of the most vulnerable households (2023)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "36.78 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "3.42 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "12.85 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/africa/wa.json b/africa/wa.json index ac2dd125..67fc9b95 100644 --- a/africa/wa.json +++ b/africa/wa.json @@ -395,17 +395,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "22.59 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "4.23 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "10.4 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic" }, @@ -437,15 +426,26 @@ "text": "3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to localized shortfalls in cereal production and rising food prices - cereal production increased in 2022 and this is expected to have a positive impact on food security, however, rising prices of basic foods is likely to limit a more substantial improvement (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0.47% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to localized shortfalls in cereal production and rising food prices - cereal production increased in 2022 and this is expected to have a positive impact on food security, however, rising prices of basic foods is likely to limit a more substantial improvement (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "22.59 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "4.23 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "10.4 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "6,357 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)" + "text": "6,269 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)" } } } diff --git a/africa/wz.json b/africa/wz.json index ee38f894..395c5fbc 100644 --- a/africa/wz.json +++ b/africa/wz.json @@ -384,17 +384,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "16.26 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "1.16 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "1.9 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "varies from tropical to near temperate" }, @@ -426,15 +415,26 @@ "text": "2.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to higher staple food prices - the price of maize meal, the key food staple, increased in the first five months of 2022 and, as of May 2022, were 3 percent higher on a yearly basis; wheat flour prices were also at record highs in May 2022; this mainly reflects the elevated global prices and the country’s high dependence on imported wheat to satisfy national consumption needs (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "2.25% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.1% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to higher staple food prices - the price of maize meal, the key food staple, increased in the first five months of 2022 and, as of May 2022, were 3 percent higher on a yearly basis; wheat flour prices were also at record highs in May 2022; this mainly reflects the elevated global prices and the country’s high dependence on imported wheat to satisfy national consumption needs (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "16.26 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "1.16 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "1.9 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/africa/za.json b/africa/za.json index 096db947..cbf3586d 100644 --- a/africa/za.json +++ b/africa/za.json @@ -407,17 +407,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "24.7 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "5.14 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "14.1 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)" }, @@ -449,15 +438,26 @@ "text": "4.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to reduced incomes and localized shortfalls in cereal production - cereal production declined to a below‑average level in 2022 and along with the impact of rising food prices, the number of food insecure is foreseen to increase at the end of 2022 to levels above the 1.6 million people estimated in the first quarter of 2022 (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "4.45% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.04% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to reduced incomes and localized shortfalls in cereal production - cereal production declined to a below‑average level in 2022 and along with the impact of rising food prices, the number of food insecure is foreseen to increase at the end of 2022 to levels above the 1.6 million people estimated in the first quarter of 2022 (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "24.7 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "5.14 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "14.1 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "54,047 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 7,703 (Burundi) (2023)" + "text": "54,288 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 7,703 (Burundi) (2023)" } }, "Trafficking in persons": { diff --git a/africa/zi.json b/africa/zi.json index f35e150d..19056fb4 100644 --- a/africa/zi.json +++ b/africa/zi.json @@ -411,17 +411,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "19.35 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "10.98 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "12.1 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)" }, @@ -453,15 +442,26 @@ "text": "2.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "widespread lack of access": { + "text": "due to high food prices - based on a government assessment, an estimated 3.8 million people are expected to be in need of humanitarian assistance between January and March 2023; this number is higher than the level estimated in the first quarter of 2022; the downturn in food security conditions is largely on account of poor food access resulting from prevailing high food prices and reduced incomes owing to the effects of an economic downturn; a decline in cereal production in 2022 has also aggravated conditions (2023)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "1.61% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "widespread lack of access": { - "text": "due to high food prices - based on a government assessment, an estimated 3.8 million people are expected to be in need of humanitarian assistance between January and March 2023; this number is higher than the level estimated in the first quarter of 2022; the downturn in food security conditions is largely on account of poor food access resulting from prevailing high food prices and reduced incomes owing to the effects of an economic downturn; a decline in cereal production in 2022 has also aggravated conditions (2023)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "19.35 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "10.98 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "12.1 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -1217,7 +1217,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "11,761 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,907 (Mozambique) (2023)" + "text": "11,756 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,907 (Mozambique) (2023)" } }, "Trafficking in persons": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/as.json b/australia-oceania/as.json index 9415fde0..3d361854 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/as.json +++ b/australia-oceania/as.json @@ -398,17 +398,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "7.19 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "375.91 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "105.01 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north" }, @@ -447,6 +436,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.78% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "7.19 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "375.91 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "105.01 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "13.345 million tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/bp.json b/australia-oceania/bp.json index ca3a4797..399ae8fd 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/bp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/bp.json @@ -360,17 +360,6 @@ "text": "Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "10.67 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.17 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.43 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical monsoon; few temperature and weather extremes" }, @@ -408,6 +397,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "10.67 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.17 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.43 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "179,972 tons (2013 est.)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/cw.json b/australia-oceania/cw.json index 86de8029..98666cb0 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cw.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cw.json @@ -359,11 +359,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "12.03 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical oceanic; moderated by trade winds; a dry season from April to November and a more humid season from December to March" }, @@ -395,6 +390,11 @@ "text": "0.52% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "12.03 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + } + }, "Total renewable water resources": { "text": "0 cubic meters (2017 est.)" } diff --git a/australia-oceania/fj.json b/australia-oceania/fj.json index 35268419..1319996d 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fj.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fj.json @@ -360,17 +360,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "10.19 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "2.05 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.95 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation" }, @@ -408,6 +397,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "10.19 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "2.05 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.95 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "189,390 tons (2011 est.)" @@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral Parliament (51 seats; members directly elected in a nationwide, multi-seat constituency by open-list proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" + "text": "unicameral Parliament (55 seats; members directly elected in a nationwide, multi-seat constituency by open-list proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { "text": "last held on 14 November 2018 (next to be held in 2022)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/fm.json b/australia-oceania/fm.json index 6435f21f..386ed500 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fm.json @@ -327,17 +327,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "10.23 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.14 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.02 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage" }, @@ -372,6 +361,17 @@ "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0.02% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "10.23 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.14 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.02 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "26,040 tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/fp.json b/australia-oceania/fp.json index f401aa25..93217a27 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fp.json @@ -312,11 +312,6 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "sea level rise; extreme weather events (cyclones, storms, and tsunamis producing floods, landslides, erosion, and reef damage); droughts; fresh water scarcity" }, - "Air pollutants": { - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.77 megatons (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical, but moderate" }, @@ -348,6 +343,11 @@ "text": "0.65% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Air pollutants": { + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.77 megatons (2016 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "147,000 tons (2013 est.)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/kr.json b/australia-oceania/kr.json index fb469e79..13550e06 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kr.json @@ -371,17 +371,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "10.45 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.07 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.02 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds" }, @@ -419,6 +408,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "10.45 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.07 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.02 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "35,724 tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/nc.json b/australia-oceania/nc.json index ef6daedb..080fdab8 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nc.json @@ -316,11 +316,6 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "preservation of coral reefs; prevention of invasive species; limiting erosion caused by nickel mining and forest fires" }, - "Air pollutants": { - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "5.33 megatons (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid" }, @@ -352,6 +347,11 @@ "text": "1.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Air pollutants": { + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "5.33 megatons (2016 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "108,157 tons (2016 est.)" @@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ "text": "French president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of New Caledonia elected by Territorial Congress for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 8 July 2021 (next to be held in 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "2021: Louis MAPOU elected president by Territorial Congress with 6 votes out of 11

2019: Thieryy SANTA elected president by Territorial Congress" + "text": "
2021: Louis MAPOU elected president by Territorial Congress with 6 votes out of 11
2019: Thieryy SANTA elected president by Territorial Congress; vote NA" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ "text": "
Territorial Congress - last held on 12 May 2019 (next to be held in May 2024)
French Senate - election last held in September 2019 (next to be held not later than 2021)
French National Assembly - election last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held by June 2022)" }, "election results": { - "text": "

Territorial Congress - percent of vote by party - N/A; seats by party - Future With Confidence 18, UNI 9, UC 9, CE 7, FLNKS 6, Oceanic Awakening 3, PT 1, LKS 1 (Anti-Independence 28, Pro-Independence 26);
French Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2
French National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CE 2

" + "text": "
Territorial Congress - percent of vote by party - N/A; seats by party - Future With Confidence 18, UNI 9, UC 9, CE 7, FLNKS 6, Oceanic Awakening 3, PT 1, LKS 1 (Anti-Independence 28, Pro-Independence 26);
French Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2
French National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CE 2" } }, "Judicial branch": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ne.json b/australia-oceania/ne.json index a3137598..95a22b08 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ne.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ne.json @@ -292,11 +292,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "11.47 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; modified by southeast trade winds" }, @@ -328,6 +323,11 @@ "text": "1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "11.47 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + } + }, "Total renewable water resources": { "text": "0 cubic meters (2017 est.)" } diff --git a/australia-oceania/nh.json b/australia-oceania/nh.json index 65d433d2..77596796 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nh.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nh.json @@ -360,17 +360,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "10.31 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.15 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.5 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April" }, @@ -408,6 +397,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "10.31 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.15 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.5 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "70,225 tons (2012 est.)" @@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Odo TEVI (since 8 September 2014)
note - also Permanent Representative to the UN" + "text": "Ambassador Odo TEVI (since 8 September 2017)
note - also Permanent Representative to the UN" }, "telephone": { "text": "[1] (212) 661-4303" diff --git a/australia-oceania/nr.json b/australia-oceania/nr.json index f2f168fb..9a951c59 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nr.json @@ -347,17 +347,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "12.53 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.05 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.01 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February)" }, @@ -392,6 +381,17 @@ "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "12.53 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.05 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.01 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "6,192 tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/nz.json b/australia-oceania/nz.json index 1023fc3e..3f07fb59 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nz.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nz.json @@ -385,17 +385,6 @@ "text": "Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "5.73 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "34.38 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "34.3 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate with sharp regional contrasts" }, @@ -433,6 +422,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.03% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "5.73 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "34.38 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "34.3 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "3.405 million tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/ps.json b/australia-oceania/ps.json index a981a118..f6aa74e3 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ps.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ps.json @@ -350,17 +350,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "12.18 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.22 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.06 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November" }, @@ -395,6 +384,17 @@ "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "12.18 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.22 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.06 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "9,427 tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/rm.json b/australia-oceania/rm.json index b6c1b135..dcb366b6 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/rm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/rm.json @@ -359,17 +359,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "9.43 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.14 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.03 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November; islands border typhoon belt" }, @@ -404,6 +393,17 @@ "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "9.43 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.14 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.03 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "8,614 tons (2013 est.)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/tn.json b/australia-oceania/tn.json index 4219d199..0a601585 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tn.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tn.json @@ -382,17 +382,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "10.08 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.13 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.12 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)" }, @@ -430,6 +419,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "10.08 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.13 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.12 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "17,238 tons (2012 est.)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/tv.json b/australia-oceania/tv.json index 46fd89ab..5b441ccd 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tv.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tv.json @@ -352,17 +352,6 @@ "text": "Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "11.42 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.01 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.01 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)" }, @@ -397,6 +386,17 @@ "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "11.42 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.01 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.01 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "3,989 tons (2011 est.)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/ws.json b/australia-oceania/ws.json index 2b1a431f..ba8c8ee6 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ws.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ws.json @@ -367,17 +367,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "10.56 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.25 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.27 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October)" }, @@ -415,6 +404,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "10.56 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.25 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.27 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "27,399 tons (2011 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json index 2637b0fb..da7d3384 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json @@ -311,11 +311,6 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "difficulty in properly disposing of waste produced by large numbers of tourists; waste burning that occurs in the landfill causes air pollution and poses an environmental and health risk; ocean environmental damage due to plastic pollution" }, - "Air pollutants": { - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.88 megatons (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation" }, @@ -350,6 +345,11 @@ "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.88 megatons (2016 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "88,132 tons (2013 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json index eae6b22d..3f73811c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json @@ -340,17 +340,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "17.92 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.56 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.22 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation" }, @@ -388,6 +377,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "17.92 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.56 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.22 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "30,585 tons (2012 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json index 60460df9..96987a8e 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json @@ -355,17 +355,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "22.24 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "1.28 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "2.35 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; rainy season (June to October)" }, @@ -403,6 +392,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "22.24 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "1.28 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "2.35 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "174,815 tons (2011 est.)" @@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@ "text": "approximately 600 active personnel (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Netherlands provide the BDF's major equipment inventory (maritime patrol boats) (2022)" + "text": "the Netherlands provide the BDF's major equipment inventory (maritime patrol boats) (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "voluntary service only (men and women); 17 years, 9 months to 17 years, 11 months with letter of consent from a parent or guardian, or be in the age range of 18-25 years at the start of recruit training; citizens of Barbados by descent or naturalization (2022)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json index 5e0b0727..f51b6216 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json @@ -326,17 +326,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "17.56 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "1.79 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.23 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream" }, @@ -374,6 +363,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "17.56 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "1.79 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.23 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "264,000 tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@ "text": "approximately 1,500 active RBDF personnel (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "most of the RBDF's major equipment inventory is supplied by the Netherlands (2022)" + "text": "most of the RBDF's major equipment inventory is supplied by the Netherlands (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary male and female service; no conscription (2022)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json index 694872df..0a38c11d 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json @@ -389,17 +389,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "21.23 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.57 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.55 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May)" }, @@ -437,6 +426,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "21.23 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.57 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.55 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "101,379 tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@ "text": "approximately 1,300 BDF personnel; approximately 300 Belize Coast Guard (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the BDF's inventory is limited and consists mostly of UK- and US-origin equipment (2022)" + "text": "the military has a small inventory consisting mostly of UK- and US-origin equipment (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; laws allow for conscription only if volunteers are insufficient, but conscription has never been implemented; initial service obligation is 12 years (2022)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json index 7a5e1133..07e46a25 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json @@ -300,11 +300,6 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "no natural freshwater resources; drinking water supplies are met by reverse osmosis desalination plants and rainwater catchment; trash washing up on the beaches or being deposited there by residents; no recycling or waste treatment facilities; deforestation (trees being cut down to create space for commercial use)" }, - "Air pollutants": { - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.55 megatons (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April)" }, @@ -342,6 +337,11 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.55 megatons (2016 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "60,000 tons (2014 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json index 957ccce4..dcdd68cf 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json @@ -404,17 +404,6 @@ "text": "Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "15.85 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "8.02 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "5.61 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands" }, @@ -452,6 +441,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "15.85 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "8.02 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "5.61 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1.46 million tons (2014 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json index dff90a74..3e1badd6 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json @@ -408,17 +408,6 @@ "text": "Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "18.37 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "28.28 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "9.3 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October)" }, @@ -456,6 +445,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "18.37 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "28.28 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "9.3 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "2,692,692 tons (2007 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json index 371a3500..df62b09a 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json @@ -301,17 +301,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "18.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.18 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.04 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall" }, @@ -349,6 +338,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "18.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.18 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.04 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "13,176 tons (2013 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json index 43054580..e436be47 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json @@ -405,17 +405,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "12.95 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "25.26 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "8.1 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall" }, @@ -453,6 +442,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "12.95 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "25.26 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "8.1 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "4,063,910 tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json index a7bb2327..81d863e3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json @@ -398,17 +398,6 @@ "text": "Law of the Sea" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "23.42 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "7.17 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "4.71 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands" }, @@ -446,6 +435,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "23.42 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "7.17 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "4.71 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1,648,996 tons (2010 est.)" @@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "approximately 24,000 active military personnel (20,000 Army; 2,000 Navy; 2,000 Air Force) (2023)" + "text": "approximately 25,000 active military personnel (21,000 Army; 2,000 Navy; 2,000 Air Force) (2023)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { "text": "the FAES is dependent on a mix of mostly older imported platforms, largely from the US; in recent years, the FAES has received small amounts of equipment from several countries, including Chile, Israel, Spain, and the US (2022)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json index 7499a172..c273ab3b 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json @@ -332,17 +332,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "21.56 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.27 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "2.04 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds" }, @@ -380,6 +369,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "21.56 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.27 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "2.04 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "29,536 tons (2012 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json index 0935ae45..20edb6fd 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json @@ -403,17 +403,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "23.59 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "16.78 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "10.7 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands" }, @@ -451,6 +440,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "23.59 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "16.78 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "10.7 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "2,756,741 tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@ "text": "155 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (May 2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "since the 2000s, the Guatemalan Government has used the Army to support the National Civil Police in internal security operations (as permitted by the constitution) to combat organized crime, gang violence, and narco-trafficking 

the military held power during most of Guatemala’s 36-year civil war (1960-1996) and conducted a campaign of widespread violence and repression, particularly against the country’s majority indigenous population; more than 200,000 people were estimated to have been killed or disappeared during the conflict (2022)" + "text": "since the 2000s, the Guatemalan Government has used the Army to support the National Civil Police in internal security operations (as permitted by the constitution) to combat organized crime, gang violence, and narco-trafficking 

the military held power during most of Guatemala’s 36-year civil war (1960-1996) and conducted a campaign of widespread violence and repression, particularly against the country’s majority indigenous population; more than 200,000 people were estimated to have been killed or disappeared during the conflict (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json index ea3af164..a6092d1b 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json @@ -399,17 +399,6 @@ "text": "Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "14.63 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "2.98 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "6.12 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds" }, @@ -441,15 +430,26 @@ "text": "2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "widespread lack of access": { + "text": "due to high food prices, natural disasters, sociopolitical turmoil, and worsening insecurity - about 4.7 million people are projected to be facing severe acute food insecurity and are in need of urgent food assistance between March and June 2023; the high levels of food insecurity are the result of elevated food prices, an economic downturn, frequent natural disasters, exacerbated by sociopolitical turmoil and worsening insecurity; the population experiencing the highest levels of acute food insecurity is located in the Cité Soleil commune of the capital city, Port-au-Prince, where inter-gang violence severely affects households’ access to markets and essential services
(2023)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0.68% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "widespread lack of access": { - "text": "due to high food prices, natural disasters, sociopolitical turmoil, and worsening insecurity - about 4.7 million people are projected to be facing severe acute food insecurity and are in need of urgent food assistance between March and June 2023; the high levels of food insecurity are the result of elevated food prices, an economic downturn, frequent natural disasters, exacerbated by sociopolitical turmoil and worsening insecurity; the population experiencing the highest levels of acute food insecurity is located in the Cité Soleil commune of the capital city, Port-au-Prince, where inter-gang violence severely affects households’ access to markets and essential services
(2023)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "14.63 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "2.98 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "6.12 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json index 2b7fd26e..0f2d7716 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json @@ -395,17 +395,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "20.12 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "9.81 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "7.72 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains" }, @@ -443,6 +432,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "20.12 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "9.81 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "7.72 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "2,162,028 tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json index 3e842335..e5d24380 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json @@ -380,17 +380,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "13.25 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "8.23 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "1.08 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior" }, @@ -428,6 +417,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "13.25 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "8.23 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "1.08 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1,051,695 tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json index 8cf258ce..fe3b7b9d 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json @@ -381,17 +381,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "16.87 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "5.59 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "6.46 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands" }, @@ -429,6 +418,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "16.87 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "5.59 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "6.46 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1,528,816 tons (2010 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json index 595fd6b2..0c8d08b1 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json @@ -399,17 +399,6 @@ "text": "Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "11.18 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "10.71 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "5.97 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May)" }, @@ -447,6 +436,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "11.18 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "10.71 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "5.97 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1,472,262 tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json index 52c97194..dc2e5d2d 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json @@ -344,17 +344,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "12.31 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.24 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.1 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical, tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)" }, @@ -392,6 +381,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "12.31 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.24 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.1 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "32,892 tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json index 80dafcef..cb7295be 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json @@ -358,17 +358,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "21.22 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.41 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.27 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August" }, @@ -406,6 +395,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "21.22 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.41 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.27 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "77,616 tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json index bfcd3988..1f5abec0 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json @@ -355,17 +355,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "22.04 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "43.87 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "1.35 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; rainy season (June to December)" }, @@ -403,6 +392,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "22.04 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "43.87 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "1.35 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "727,874 tons (2010 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json index 2e9aeaef..69b63287 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tk.json @@ -298,11 +298,6 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "limited natural freshwater resources, private cisterns collect rainwater" }, - "Air pollutants": { - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.22 megatons (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry" }, @@ -339,6 +334,11 @@ }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" + }, + "Air pollutants": { + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.22 megatons (2016 est.)" + } } }, "Government": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json index 18bff8be..ac9dd555 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json @@ -273,11 +273,6 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "

problems in waste management that threaten environmental sustainability on the island include pollution of marine areas from domestic sewage, inadequate sewage treatment facilities, industrial effluents and agricultural runoff, the mismanagement of toxic substances, and ineffective regulations; the refinery in Sint Anna Bay, at the eastern edge of Willemstad’s large natural harbor, processes heavy crude oil from Venezuela; it has caused significant environmental damage to the surrounding area because of neglect and a lack of strict environmental controls; the release of noxious fumes and potentially hazardous particles causes schools downwind to regularly close

" }, - "Air pollutants": { - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "5.39 megatons (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "

tropical marine climate, ameliorated by northeast trade winds, results in mild temperatures; semiarid with average rainfall of 60 cm/year

" }, @@ -306,6 +301,11 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "5.39 megatons (2016 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "24,704 tons (2013 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json index 821ae152..cff42aa3 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json @@ -346,17 +346,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "21.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.22 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.09 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)" }, @@ -394,6 +383,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "21.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.22 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.09 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "31,561 tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json index 42e4c716..d1b52b18 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json @@ -296,11 +296,6 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "limited natural freshwater resources except for a few seasonal streams and springs on Tortola; most of the islands' water supply comes from desalination plants; sewage and mining/industry waste contribute to water pollution, threatening coral reefs" }, - "Air pollutants": { - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.21 megatons (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds" }, @@ -332,6 +327,11 @@ "text": "1.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Air pollutants": { + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.21 megatons (2016 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "21,099 tons (2000 est.)" diff --git a/central-asia/kg.json b/central-asia/kg.json index e20dd2c0..6e5aaa74 100644 --- a/central-asia/kg.json +++ b/central-asia/kg.json @@ -397,17 +397,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "18.12 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "9.79 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "4.47 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone" }, @@ -445,6 +434,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.21% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "18.12 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "9.79 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "4.47 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1,113,300 tons (2015 est.)" @@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1993, 2007, 2010; latest approved by referendum in April 2021 that transitioned Kyrgyzstan from a parliamentary to a presidential system, and implemented changes that allow the president to serve for two 5-year terms rather that one 6-year term, reduced the number of seats in Kyrgyzstan's legislature from 120 to 90, and established a Kurultay - a public advisory council" + "text": "previous 1993, 2007, 2010; latest approved by referendum in April 2021 that transitioned Kyrgyzstan from a parliamentary to a presidential system, and implemented changes that allow the president to serve for two 5-year terms rather than one 6-year term, reduced the number of seats in Kyrgyzstan's legislature from 120 to 90, and established a Kurultay - a public advisory council" }, "amendments": { "text": "proposed as a draft law by the majority of the Supreme Council membership or by petition of 300,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Council membership in each of at least three readings of the draft two months apart; the draft may be submitted to a referendum if approved by two thirds of the Council membership; adoption requires the signature of the president" diff --git a/central-asia/kz.json b/central-asia/kz.json index 2bece128..46c52871 100644 --- a/central-asia/kz.json +++ b/central-asia/kz.json @@ -393,17 +393,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "11.32 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "247.21 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "45.03 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid" }, @@ -441,6 +430,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.99% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "11.32 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "247.21 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "45.03 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "4,659,740 tons (2012 est.)" @@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ "text": "previous 1937, 1978 (preindependence), 1993; latest approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995" }, "amendments": { - "text": "introduced by a referendum initiated by the president of the republic, on the recommendation of Parliament, or by the government; the president has the option of submitting draft amendments to Parliament or directly to a referendum; passage of amendments by Parliament requires four-fifths majority vote of both houses and the signature of the president; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote by more than one half of the voters in at least two thirds of the oblasts, major cities, and the capital, followed by the signature of the president; amended several times, last in 2019" + "text": "introduced by a referendum initiated by the president of the republic, on the recommendation of Parliament, or by the government; the president has the option of submitting draft amendments to Parliament or directly to a referendum; passage of amendments by Parliament requires four-fifths majority vote of both houses and the signature of the president; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote by more than one half of the voters in at least two thirds of the oblasts, major cities, and the capital, followed by the signature of the president; amended several times, last in 2022" } }, "Legal system": { @@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral legislature consists of:
Senate (49 seats statutory, 48 as of October 2021); 34 members indirectly elected by 2-round majority vote by the oblast-level assemblies and 15 members appointed by decree of the president; members serve 6-year terms, with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)
Mazhilis (98 seats; 69 members directly elected in a single national constituency by party list proportional representation vote (5% minimum threshold to gain seats) and 29 are directly elected in single-mandate districts to serve 5-year terms" + "text": "bicameral Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan consists of:
Senate (49 seats statutory, 48 as of October 2021); 34 members indirectly elected by 2-round majority vote by the oblast-level assemblies and 15 members appointed by decree of the president; members serve 6-year terms, with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)
Mazhilis (98 seats; 69 members directly elected in a single national constituency by party list proportional representation vote (5% minimum threshold to gain seats) and 29 directly elected in single-seat constituencies to serve 5-year terms" }, "elections": { "text": "Senate - last held on 14 January 2023 (next to be held in August 2023)
Mazhilis - last held on 19 March 2023 (next to be held in 2026)" diff --git a/central-asia/rs.json b/central-asia/rs.json index 4d10fab6..9663c882 100644 --- a/central-asia/rs.json +++ b/central-asia/rs.json @@ -417,17 +417,6 @@ "text": "Air Pollution-Sulfur 94" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "13.75 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "1,732.03 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "851.52 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast" }, @@ -465,6 +454,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.53% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "13.75 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "1,732.03 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "851.52 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "60 million tons (2012 est.)" diff --git a/central-asia/ti.json b/central-asia/ti.json index 24498c01..f0c0012b 100644 --- a/central-asia/ti.json +++ b/central-asia/ti.json @@ -390,17 +390,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "40.05 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "5.31 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "4.87 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "mid-latitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains" }, @@ -438,6 +427,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.54% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "40.05 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "5.31 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "4.87 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1,787,400 tons (2013 est.)" diff --git a/central-asia/tx.json b/central-asia/tx.json index cb5f89e7..b664029b 100644 --- a/central-asia/tx.json +++ b/central-asia/tx.json @@ -398,17 +398,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "19.02 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "70.63 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "52.09 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "subtropical desert" }, @@ -446,6 +435,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "19.02 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "70.63 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "52.09 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "500,000 tons (2013 est.)" @@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ "text": "several previous; latest adopted 14 September 2016" }, "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Mejlisi; passage requires two-thirds majority vote or absolute majority approval in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2020 (changed legislature to bicameral)" + "text": "proposed by the Assembly or Mejlis; passage requires two-thirds majority vote or absolute majority approval in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2023 (changed legislature from bicameral to unicameral Assembly or Mejlis; reestablished People's Council or Halk Maslahaty and named former president Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW as National Leader of the Turkmen people" } }, "Legal system": { @@ -575,15 +575,15 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral Mejlis (Assembly) (125 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms); formerly the Mejlis (Assembly) was the lower house of the bicameral Milli Genes (National Council), which consisted of an upper house, the Halk Maslahaty (People's Council), and the Mejlis (Assembly)" + "text": "unicameral Assembly or Mejlis (125 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms); formerly the Assembly was the lower house of the bicameral National Council or Milli Genes, which consisted of an upper house, the People's Council or Halk Maslahaty, and the Assembly or Mejlis" }, "elections": { "text": "Mejlis (Assembly) - last held on 26 March 2023 for the Mejlis and local councils" }, "election results": { - "text": "26 March 2023; percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DPT 55, APT 11, PIE 11, independent 48 (individuals nominated by citizen groups); composition as of early 2023 (125 members) - total percent of women: 26%, total percent of deputies under the age of 40: 41%
People's Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DPT 3, independent 45; composition as of mid-2022 (55 members) - men 41, women 14, percent of women 25.5%
Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DPT 55, APT 11, PIE 11, independent 48 (individuals nominated by citizen groups); composition as of mid-2022 (116 members) - men 86, women 30, percent of women 25.9%; note - total percent of National Council percent of women 25.7%" + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - DPT 55, APT 11, PIE 11, independent 48 (individuals nominated by citizen groups); composition as of early as of April 2023 men 93, women 32, percent of women 25.6% " }, - "note": "note: on 22 January 2023, a joint session of the then Milli Genes (National Council) voted unanimously to abolish itself, re-establishing a unicameral legislature and a separate Halk Maslahaty (People's Council)" + "note": "note: on 22 January 2023, a joint session of the then bicameral National Council or Milli Genes voted unanimously to abolish itself, re-establishing a unicameral legislature and a separate People's Council or Halk Maslahaty" }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { diff --git a/central-asia/uz.json b/central-asia/uz.json index 4ed384f0..0f2a4a21 100644 --- a/central-asia/uz.json +++ b/central-asia/uz.json @@ -384,17 +384,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "25.29 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "91.81 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "96.16 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "mostly mid-latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east" }, @@ -432,6 +421,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.06% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "25.29 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "91.81 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "96.16 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "4 million tons (2016 est.)" @@ -516,11 +516,12 @@ "text": "several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992" }, "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by the Supreme Assembly or by referendum; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of both houses of the Assembly or passage in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2017" - } + "text": "proposed by the Supreme Assembly or by referendum; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of both houses of the Assembly or passage in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2023" + }, + "note": "note: in a public referendum passed in April 2023, among the changes were the extension of the presidential term to 7 years from 5 years, and modifications to the structure and powers of the Supreme Assembly and to the criminal code" }, "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system; note - in early 2020, the president signed an amendment to the criminal code, criminal procedure code, and code of administrative responsibility" + "text": "civil law system; note - in early 2020, the president signed an amendment to the criminal code, criminal procedure code, and code of administrative responsibility; a constitutional referendum passed in April 2023 included criminal code reforms" }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" @@ -561,13 +562,13 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis consists of:
Senate or Senat (100 seats; 84 members indirectly elected by regional governing councils and 16 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
Legislative Chamber or Qonunchilik Palatasi (150 seats statutory, 144 seats current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 5-year terms)" + "text": "bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis consists of:
Senate or Senat (100 seats statutory, 90 current as of 2023; 84 members indirectly elected by regional governing councils and 16 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
Legislative Chamber or Qonunchilik Palatasi (150 seats statutory, 144 seats current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { "text": "Senate - last held 16-17 January 2020 (next to be held in 2025)
Legislative Chamber - last held on 22 December 2019 and 5 January 2020 (next to be held in December 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition as of late 2022 - men 75, women 25, percent of women 25%
Legislative Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDPU 53, National Revival Democratic Party 36, Adolat 24, PDP 22, Ecological Movement 15; composition - men 96, women, 48, percent of women 33.3%; note - total Supreme Assembly percent of women 29.1%" + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition as of April 2023 (90 members) - men 68, women 22, percent of women 24.4%
Legislative Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDPU 53, National Revival Democratic Party 36, Adolat 24, PDP 22, Ecological Movement 15; composition - men 96, women, 48, percent of women 33.3%; note - total Supreme Assembly percent of women 29.1%" }, "note": "note: all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV" }, @@ -576,7 +577,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Court (consists of 67 judges organized into administrative, civil, criminal, and economic sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "judges of the highest courts nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis; judges appointed for initial 5-year term and can be reappointed for subsequent 10-year and lifetime terms" + "text": "judges of the highest courts nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis; judges appointed for a single 10-year term; the court chairman and deputies appointed for 10-year terms without the right to re-election. (Article 132 of the constitution)" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "regional, district, city, and town courts" @@ -590,7 +591,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Furqat SIDDIQOV (since 4 April 2023)" + "text": "Ambassador Furqat SIDDIQOV (since 19 April 2023)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json index 63855e8e..7e72e198 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json @@ -425,17 +425,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "34.69 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "25.28 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "42.2 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April)" }, @@ -467,15 +456,26 @@ "text": "1.85% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to conflict, political instability, and economic constraints - the political crisis, following the military takeover on 1 February 2021, resulted in increased tensions and unrest throughout the country; the current uncertain political situation may further compromise the fragile situation of vulnerable households and the Rohingya IDPs residing in the country; armed conflict between the military and non‑state armed groups led to population displacements, disrupted agricultural activities and limited access for humanitarian support especially in Rakhine, Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Kayah and Shan states; income losses and a decline in remittances, due to the impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic, have affected the food security situation of vulnerable households; domestic prices of Emata rice, the most consumed variety in the country, were at high levels in May 2022, constraining access to a key staple food (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "1.69% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.01% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to conflict, political instability, and economic constraints - the political crisis, following the military takeover on 1 February 2021, resulted in increased tensions and unrest throughout the country; the current uncertain political situation may further compromise the fragile situation of vulnerable households and the Rohingya IDPs residing in the country; armed conflict between the military and non‑state armed groups led to population displacements, disrupted agricultural activities and limited access for humanitarian support especially in Rakhine, Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Kayah and Shan states; income losses and a decline in remittances, due to the impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic, have affected the food security situation of vulnerable households; domestic prices of Emata rice, the most consumed variety in the country, were at high levels in May 2022, constraining access to a key staple food (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "34.69 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "25.28 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "42.2 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json index 444f1fb7..2e118c92 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json @@ -382,17 +382,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "5.78 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "7.66 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "8.4 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot, humid, rainy" }, @@ -430,6 +419,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "5.78 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "7.66 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "8.4 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "216,253 tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json index adc943a0..52f619ce 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json @@ -401,17 +401,6 @@ "text": "Law of the Sea" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "23.98 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "9.92 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "14.88 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation" }, @@ -449,6 +438,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "23.98 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "9.92 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "14.88 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1.089 million tons (2014 est.)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json index 0ec0ce61..fd3e7aa3 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json @@ -421,17 +421,6 @@ "text": "Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "49.16 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "9,893.04 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "1,490.24 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north" }, @@ -470,6 +459,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.57% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "49.16 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "9,893.04 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "1,490.24 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "210 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "vacant (Chargé d'Affaires XU Xueyuan since December 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires XU Xueyuan (since 2 January 2023) " }, "chancery": { "text": "3505 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json index df7fe89b..25a244a7 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json @@ -330,11 +330,6 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "air and water pollution from rapid urbanization; urban waste pollution; industrial pollution" }, - "Air pollutants": { - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "43.64 megatons (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "subtropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall" }, @@ -372,6 +367,11 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "43.64 megatons (2016 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "5,679,816 tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json index 27a1d942..f6222ffb 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json @@ -417,17 +417,6 @@ "text": "Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "15.58 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "563.32 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "244.5 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands" }, @@ -465,6 +454,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "1.06% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "15.58 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "563.32 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "244.5 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "65.2 million tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json index 4b8e5f02..1d65901b 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ "text": "

many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors but occasional severe earthquakes) every year; tsunamis; typhoons

volcanism: both Unzen (1,500 m) and Sakura-jima (1,117 m), which lies near the densely populated city of Kagoshima, have been deemed Decade Volcanoes by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Asama, Honshu Island's most active volcano, Aso, Bandai, Fuji, Iwo-Jima, Kikai, Kirishima, Komaga-take, Oshima, Suwanosejima, Tokachi, Yake-dake, and Usu; see note 2 under \"Geography - note\"

" }, "Geography - note": { - "text": "

note 1: strategic location in northeast Asia; composed of four main islands - from north: Hokkaido, Honshu (the largest and most populous), Shikoku, and Kyushu (the \"Home Islands\") - and 6,848 smaller islands and islets

note 2: Japan annually records the most earthquakes in the world; it is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire

" + "text": "

note 1: strategic location in northeast Asia; composed of four main islands - from north: Hokkaido, Honshu (the largest, most populous, and site of Tokyo, the capital), Shikoku, and Kyushu (the \"Home Islands\") - and 14,121 smaller islands and islets; only a few hundred of the islands are inhabited

note 2: a 2023 Geospatial Authority of Japan survey technically detected 100,000 islands, but only the 14,125 islands with a circumference of at least 100 m (330 ft) were officially counted

note 3: Japan annually records the most earthquakes in the world; it is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire

" } }, "People and Society": { @@ -386,17 +386,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "11.45 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "1,135.89 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "29.99 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north" }, @@ -434,6 +423,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "11.45 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "1,135.89 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "29.99 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "43.981 million tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json index a743b0b3..8f4c3f21 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json @@ -376,17 +376,6 @@ "text": "Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Law of the Sea" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "30.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "28.28 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "18.68 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate, with rainfall concentrated in summer; long, bitter winters" }, @@ -423,6 +412,17 @@ "text": "due to low food consumption levels, poor dietary diversity, and economic downturn - a large portion of the population suffers from low levels of food consumption and very poor dietary diversity; the economic constraints, particularly resulting from the global impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic, have increased the population’s vulnerability to food insecurity; the food gap is estimated at about 860,000 mt, equivalent to approximately 2-3 months of food use, if this gap is not adequately covered through commercial imports and/or food aid, households could experience a harsh lean period (2022)" } }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "30.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "28.28 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "18.68 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Total water withdrawal": { "municipal": { "text": "900 million cubic meters (2020 est.)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json index f8943ae9..fd480afb 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json @@ -241,7 +241,8 @@ } }, "Total fertility rate": { - "text": "1.11 children born/woman (2023 est.)" + "text": "1.11 children born/woman (2023 est.)", + "note": "note: some sources estimate the TFR to be as low as 0.78" }, "Gross reproduction rate": { "text": "0.54 (2023 est.)" @@ -385,17 +386,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "24.57 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "620.3 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "30.28 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter; cold winters" }, @@ -433,6 +423,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "24.57 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "620.3 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "30.28 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "18,218,975 tons (2014 est.)" @@ -585,7 +586,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "CHO Hyundong (since 19 April 2023)" + "text": "Ambassador CHO Hyundong (since 19 April 2023)" }, "chancery": { "text": "2450 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" @@ -1211,7 +1212,7 @@ "text": "approximately 555,000 active duty personnel (420,000 Army; 70,000 Navy, including about 30,000 Marines; 65,000 Air Force) (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the South Korean military is equipped with a mix of domestically produced and imported weapons systems; South Korea has a robust defense industry and production includes armored fighting vehicles, artillery, aircraft, and naval ships; in recent years the top foreign weapons supplier has been the US, and some domestically produced systems are built under US license (2022)" + "text": "the South Korean military is equipped with a mix of domestically produced and imported weapons systems; South Korea has a robust defense industry and production includes armored fighting vehicles, artillery, aircraft, and naval ships; its weapons are designed to be compatible with US and NATO systems; in recent years the top foreign weapons supplier has been the US, and some domestically produced systems are built under US license (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-35 years of age for compulsory military service for all men; minimum conscript service obligation varies by service - 18 months (Army, Marines), 20 months (Navy), 21 months (Air Force); 18-26 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (2022)", diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json index 7d185b24..7acd1a4a 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json @@ -404,17 +404,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "24.49 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "17.76 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "9 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April)" }, @@ -449,6 +438,17 @@ "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "1.48% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "24.49 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "17.76 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "9 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "351,900 tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json index 43c0d878..b31c961b 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json @@ -292,11 +292,6 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "air pollution; coastal waters pollution; insufficient policies in reducing and recycling solid wastes; increasing population density worsening noise pollution" }, - "Air pollutants": { - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "2.07 megatons (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers" }, @@ -322,6 +317,11 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "2.07 megatons (2016 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "377,942 tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json index 054fb48a..f8302989 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json @@ -399,17 +399,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "40.42 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "25.37 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "13.72 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)" }, @@ -447,6 +436,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "8.62% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "40.42 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "25.37 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "13.72 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "2.9 million tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json index 8181c5f0..8afb1dff 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json @@ -397,17 +397,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "16.04 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "248.29 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "51.51 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons" }, @@ -445,6 +434,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.02% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "16.04 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "248.29 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "51.51 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "12,982,685 tons (2014 est.)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json index d1b753c8..7145a73d 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json @@ -396,17 +396,6 @@ "text": "Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "10.91 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "7.54 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "11.05 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation" }, @@ -444,6 +433,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "10.91 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "7.54 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "11.05 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1 million tons (2014 est.)" @@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral National Parliament (111 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies - 89 local, 20 provinicial, the autonomous province of Bouganville, and the National Capital District - by majority preferential vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - the constitution allows up to 126 seats" + "text": "unicameral National Parliament (118 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies - 89 local, 20 provincial, the autonomous province of Bouganville, and the National Capital District - by majority preferential vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - the constitution allows up to 126 seats" }, "elections": { "text": "last held from 4-22 July 2022 (next to be held in June 2027)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json index 1b40b7ad..1ad80f7d 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json @@ -414,17 +414,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "18.38 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "122.29 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "51.32 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October)" }, @@ -462,6 +451,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.07% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "18.38 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "122.29 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "51.32 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "14,631,923 tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json index fb8e270f..ddafd1d7 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json @@ -379,17 +379,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "18.26 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "37.54 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "4.4 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms" }, @@ -427,6 +416,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "18.26 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "37.54 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "4.4 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "7,704,300 tons (2017 est.)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json index 60935093..23378d9e 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json @@ -417,17 +417,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "26.23 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "283.76 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "86.98 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid" }, @@ -465,6 +454,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.03% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "26.23 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "283.76 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "86.98 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "26,853,366 tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json index 3177c76f..2b55967a 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json @@ -391,17 +391,6 @@ "text": "Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "17.88 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.5 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "4.74 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons" }, @@ -439,6 +428,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "17.88 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.5 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "4.74 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "63,875 tons (2016 est.)" @@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ "text": "last held on 12 May 2018 (next to be held in May 2023)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - AMP - 49.6%, FRETILIN 34.2%, PD 8.1%, DDF 5.5%, other 2.6%; seats by party - AMP 34, FRETILIN 23, PD 5, DDF 3; composition - men 39, women 26, percent of women 40%" + "text": "percent of vote by party in 2023 elections - CNRT 41.5%, FRETILIN 25.8%, PD 9.3%, KHUNTO 7.5%, PLP 6%, other 9.9%; seats by party - CNRT 31, FRETILIN 19, PD 6, KHUNTO 5, PLP 4; note - 12 other parties received votes, but won no seats

percent of vote by party in 2018 elections - AMP 49.6%, FRETILIN 34.2%, PD 8.1%, DDF 5.5%, other 2.6%; seats by party - AMP 34, FRETILIN 23, PD 5, DDF 3; composition - men 39, women 26, percent of women 40%; note - AMP (Alliance for Change and Progress) was a coalition of CNRT, PLP, and KHUNTO which dissolved in May of 2020" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -577,14 +577,15 @@ "note": "note: the UN Justice System Programme, launched in 2003 and being rolled out in 4 phases through 2018, is helping strengthen the country's justice system; the Programme is aligned with the country's long-range Justice Sector Strategic Plan, which includes legal reforms" }, "Political parties and leaders": { - "text": "Democratic Party or PD [Mariano Assanami SABINO Lopes]
Frenti-Mudanca (Front for National Reconstruction of Timor-Leste - Change) or FM [Jose Luis GUTERRES]
Kmanek Haburas Unidade Nasional Timor Oan or KHUNTO [Armanda BERTA DOS SANTOS]
National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction or CNRT [Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO]
People's Liberation Party or PLP [Taur Matan RUAK]
Revolutionary Front of Independent Timor-Leste or FRETILIN [Franciso GUTERRES]
Timorese Democratic Union or UDT [Gilman SANTOS]
United Party for Development and Democracy or PUDD [António de Sá BENEVIDES] 

Coalitions:
Alliance for Change and Progress (AMP) is a coalition of CRNT, PLP, and KHUNTO
Democratic Development Front (FDD) is a coalition of UDT, PUDD, FM" + "text": "Democratic Party or PD [Mariano Assanami SABINO Lopes]
Frenti-Mudanca (Front for National Reconstruction of Timor-Leste - Change) or FM [Jose Luis GUTERRES]
Green Party of Timor (Os Verdes or the Greens) [António Lela Hunu CRUZ]
National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction or CNRT [Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO]
National Unity of the Sons of Timor (Haburas Unidade Nasional Timor Oan or KHUNTO) [Armanda BERTA DOS SANTOS]
People's Liberation Party or PLP [Taur Matan RUAK]
Revolutionary Front of Independent Timor-Leste or FRETILIN [Franciso GUTERRES]
Timorese Democratic Union or UDT [Gilman SANTOS]
United Party for Development and Democracy or PUDD [António de Sá BENEVIDES]", + "note": "note: 17 parties ran in the May 2023 parliamentary election" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, ARF, ASEAN (observer), CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PIF (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Isilio Antonio De Fatima COELHO DA SILVA (since 6 January 2020)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Antonito DE ARAUJO (since 24 February 2023)" }, "chancery": { "text": "4201 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 504, Washington, DC 20008" diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json index b1633ea0..695108a1 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json @@ -394,17 +394,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "29.66 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "192.67 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "110.4 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (May to September) and warm, dry season (October to March)" }, @@ -442,6 +431,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.35% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "29.66 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "192.67 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "110.4 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "9,570,300 tons (2011 est.)" diff --git a/europe/al.json b/europe/al.json index f8561bb2..a1ae235f 100644 --- a/europe/al.json +++ b/europe/al.json @@ -401,17 +401,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "17.87 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "4.54 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "2.55 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter" }, @@ -449,6 +438,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.03% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "17.87 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "4.54 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "2.55 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1,142,964 tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1173,7 +1173,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Republic of Albania Armed Forces (Forcat e Armatosura të Republikës së Shqipërisë (FARSH)): Land Forces, Navy Forces (includes Coast Guard), Air Forces

Ministry of Interior: Guard of the Republic, State Police (includes the Border and Migration Police) (2022)", + "text": "Republic of Albania Armed Forces (Forcat e Armatosura të Republikës së Shqipërisë (FARSH); aka Albanian Armed Forces): Land Forces, Naval Force (includes Coast Guard), Air Forces; Ministry of Interior: Guard of the Republic, State Police (includes the Border and Migration Police) (2023)", "note": "note: the State Police are primarily responsible for internal security, including counterterrorism, while the Guard of the Republic protects senior state officials, foreign dignitaries, and certain state properties" }, "Military expenditures": { @@ -1197,14 +1197,14 @@ "text": "approximately 7,000 total active duty personnel (5,000 Army; 1,500 Navy; 500 Air Force) (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the Albanian military was previously equipped with mostly Soviet-era weapons that were sold or destroyed; its inventory now includes a mix of mostly donated and second-hand European and US equipment (2022)" + "text": "since joining NATO, the military has been in the process of modernizing by retiring its inventory of Soviet-era weapons and replacing them with Western equipment, including donated and secondhand purchases  (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { - "text": "19 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 18 is the legal minimum age in case of general/partial compulsory mobilization; conscription abolished 2010 (2021)", + "text": "18-27 (up to 32 in some cases) for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription abolished 2010 (2023)", "note": "note: as of 2021, women comprised about 15% of the military's full-time personnel, including 20% of the officers" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Albania became a member of NATO in 2009; as of 2022, Greece and Italy were providing NATO's air policing mission for Albania" + "text": "Albania became a member of NATO in 2009" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/europe/an.json b/europe/an.json index de28f011..c3f465f4 100644 --- a/europe/an.json +++ b/europe/an.json @@ -344,17 +344,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "9.95 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.47 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.05 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers" }, @@ -389,6 +378,17 @@ "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "9.95 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.47 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.05 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "43,000 tons (2012 est.)" @@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "no regular military forces; Police Corps of Andorra" + "text": "no regular military forces; Police Corps of Andorra (under the Ministry of Justice and Interior)" }, "Military - note": { "text": "defense is the responsibility of France and Spain" diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index 1d325424..9ee0b4a5 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -386,17 +386,6 @@ "text": "Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Antarctic-Environmental Protection" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "12.43 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "61.45 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "6.34 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers" }, @@ -434,6 +423,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "12.43 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "61.45 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "6.34 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "4.836 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ "text": "Chancellor Karl NEHAMMER (since 6 December 2021); note - Chancellor Alexander SCHALLENBERG resigned on 2 December 2021" }, "cabinet": { - "text": "Council of Ministers chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor" + "text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the chancellor and appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 9 October 2022 (first round), (second round, which was annulled), (next election to be held in 2028); chancellor appointed by the president but determined by the majority coalition parties in the Federal Assembly; vice chancellor appointed by the president on the advice of the chancellor" @@ -1191,7 +1191,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Austrian Armed Forces: Land Forces, Air Forces, Cyber Forces, Special Forces (2023)" + "text": "Austrian Armed Forces (Bundesheer): Land Forces, Air Forces, Cyber Forces, Special Forces, Militia (reserves) (2023)", + "note": "note: the federal police maintain internal security and report to the Ministry of the Interior " }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2022": { @@ -1211,10 +1212,10 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "approximately 25,000 active duty personnel (20,000 Army; 5,000 Air Force) (2022)" + "text": "approximately 20-25,000 active duty personnel (includes active militia) (2023)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military's inventory includes a mix of domestically produced and imported weapons systems from European countries and the US; the Austrian defense industry produces a range of equipment and partners with other countries (2022)" + "text": "the military's inventory includes a mix of domestically produced and imported weapons systems from European countries and the US; the Austrian defense industry produces a range of equipment and partners with other countries (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "registration requirement at age 17, the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; men above the age of 18 are subject to compulsory military service; women may volunteer; compulsory service is for 6 months, or optionally, alternative civil/community service (Zivildienst) for 9 months (2023)", diff --git a/europe/be.json b/europe/be.json index 0cd99fd5..b33b6d20 100644 --- a/europe/be.json +++ b/europe/be.json @@ -386,17 +386,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "12.88 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "96.89 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "7.78 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy" }, @@ -434,6 +423,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "12.88 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "96.89 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "7.78 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "4.708 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1236,7 +1236,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "20,086 (Syria), 7,049 (Afghanistan), 5,769 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 72,168 (Ukraine) (as of 9 May 2023)" + "text": "20,086 (Syria), 7,049 (Afghanistan), 5,769 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 72,397 (Ukraine) (as of 23 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,190 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/bk.json b/europe/bk.json index 9d2e2b68..d8176e82 100644 --- a/europe/bk.json +++ b/europe/bk.json @@ -379,17 +379,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "27.25 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "21.85 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "2.92 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast" }, @@ -427,6 +416,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.34% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "27.25 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "21.85 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "2.92 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1,248,718 tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ "text": "approximately 9,000 active duty personnel (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military's inventory is a wide mix of secondhand equipment mostly of French, Soviet, or US origin (2022)" + "text": "the military's inventory is a wide mix of secondhand equipment mostly of French, Soviet, or US origin (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; mandatory retirement at age 35 or after 15 years of service for junior enlisted personnel, mandatory retirement at age 50 and 30 years of service for non-commissioned officers, mandatory retirement at age 55 and 30 years of service for all commissioned officers; conscription abolished in 2005 (2021)", @@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "48 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 120,960 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" + "note": "note: 121,540 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine  destined for  European markets

" diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index d98aa725..f3b25d73 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -392,17 +392,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "18.06 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "58.28 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "17.19 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime" }, @@ -440,6 +429,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "18.06 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "58.28 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "17.19 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "4.28 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1211,14 +1211,14 @@ "text": "approximately 45,000 active duty troops; information on the individual services varies, but reportedly includes about 25,000 Army, 15,000 Air/Air Defense, and 5,000 Special Operations forces (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military's inventory is comprised mostly of Russian/Soviet-origin equipment, and in recent years Russia has continued to be the leading provider of arms; Belarus's defense industry manufactures some equipment (mostly modernized Soviet designs), including vehicles, guided weapons, and electronic warfare systems (2022)" + "text": "the military's inventory is comprised mostly of Russian/Soviet-origin equipment, and in recent years Russia has continued to be the leading provider of arms; Belarus's defense industry manufactures some equipment (mostly modernized Soviet designs), including vehicles, guided weapons, and electronic warfare systems (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory military or alternative service; conscript service obligation is 12-18 months, depending on academic qualifications, and 24-36 months for alternative service, also depending on academic qualifications; 17-year-olds are eligible to become cadets at military higher education institutes, where they are classified as military personnel (2023)", "note": "note: conscripts can be assigned to the military, to the Ministry of Interior as internal or border troops, or to the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection (alternative service); as of 2020, conscripts comprised an estimated 40% of the military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Belarus has close security ties with Russia, including an integrated air and missile defense system, joint training exercises, and the establishment of three joint training centers since 2020 (1 in Belarus, 2 in Russia); Russia has been the principal supplier of arms to Belarus, and Belarusian troops reportedly train on Russian equipment; Russia leases from Belarus a strategic ballistic missile defense site operated by Russian Aerospace Forces and a global communications facility for the Russian Navy; in 2020, the countries signed an agreement allowing for close security cooperation between the Belarusian Ministry of Interior and the Russian National Guard, including protecting public order and key government facilities, and combating extremism and terrorism; in 2022, Belarus allowed Russian military forces to stage on its territory for its invasion of Ukraine and continues to supply arms and other aid to the Russian military

Belarus has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and contributes an airborne brigade to CSTO's rapid reaction force (KSOR) (2023)" + "text": "Belarus has close security ties with Russia, including an integrated air and missile defense system, joint training exercises, and the establishment of three joint training centers since 2020 (1 in Belarus, 2 in Russia); Russia has been the principal supplier of arms to Belarus, and Belarusian troops reportedly train on Russian equipment; Russia leases from Belarus a strategic ballistic missile defense site operated by Russian Aerospace Forces and a global communications facility for the Russian Navy; in 2020, the countries signed an agreement allowing for close security cooperation between the Belarusian Ministry of Interior and the Russian National Guard, including protecting public order and key government facilities, and combating extremism and terrorism; in 2022, Belarus allowed Russian military forces to stage on its territory for its invasion of Ukraine and continues to supply arms and other aid to the Russian military; in 2023, Belarus allowed Russia to deploy nuclear munitions inside the country

Belarus has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and contributes an airborne brigade to CSTO's rapid reaction force (KSOR) (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/europe/bu.json b/europe/bu.json index 0f98b742..bee64a24 100644 --- a/europe/bu.json +++ b/europe/bu.json @@ -390,17 +390,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "18.82 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "41.71 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "6.77 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers" }, @@ -438,6 +427,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.14% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "18.82 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "41.71 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "6.77 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "3.011 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "22,226 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 50,576 (Ukraine) (as of 16 May 2023)" + "text": "22,226 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 51,365 (Ukraine) (as of 23 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,129 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/cy.json b/europe/cy.json index b356b174..b2be3e62 100644 --- a/europe/cy.json +++ b/europe/cy.json @@ -390,17 +390,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "16.79 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "6.63 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.86 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters" }, @@ -438,6 +427,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "16.79 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "6.63 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.86 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "541,000 tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "10,869 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 16,281 (Ukraine) (as of 12 March 2023)" + "text": "10,869 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 18,281 (Ukraine) (as of 14 May 2023)" }, "IDPs": { "text": "242,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced since 1974) (2021)" diff --git a/europe/da.json b/europe/da.json index 2261129f..c56aefdb 100644 --- a/europe/da.json +++ b/europe/da.json @@ -385,17 +385,6 @@ "text": "Antarctic-Environmental Protection" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "10.12 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "31.79 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "6.54 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers" }, @@ -433,6 +422,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "10.12 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "31.79 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "6.54 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "4.485 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { - "text": "longstanding EU leader; global environmental regulatory innovator; diversified trade-based economy, dominated by its services sector; increased government spending but retaining budget surpluses; increasing taxes and innovating emissions tax incentives" + "text": "diversified EU trade-based economy; environmental regulatory innovator; dominant services sector; increased government spending but retaining budget surpluses; currently high inflation; unique \"flexicurity\" labor market" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { @@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ } }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Germany 14%, United States 11%, Sweden 10%, United Kingdom 7%, Norway 6%, Netherlands 5%, China 5% (2019)" + "text": "Germany 14%, United States 10%, Sweden 10%, China 6%, Norway 5% (2021)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "packaged medicines, pork, refined petroleum, electric generators, cheese (2021)" @@ -875,10 +875,10 @@ } }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Germany 21%, Sweden 11%, Netherlands 8%, China 7% (2019)" + "text": "Germany 21%, Sweden 12%, China 9%, Netherlands 8%, Poland 4% (2021)" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, crude petroleum, broadcasting equipment (2019)" + "text": "cars, packaged medicines, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, broadcasting equipment, computers (2021)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { @@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "19,424 (Syria), 5,885 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2022); 42,226 (Ukraine) (as of 14 May 2023)" + "text": "19,424 (Syria), 5,885 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2022); 42,361 (Ukraine) (as of 21 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "11,644 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/ee.json b/europe/ee.json index a5575ccd..36d8f988 100644 --- a/europe/ee.json +++ b/europe/ee.json @@ -251,11 +251,6 @@ "text": "Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "2,881.62 megatons (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south" }, @@ -265,6 +260,11 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.02% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "2,881.62 megatons (2016 est.)" + } + }, "Total renewable water resources": { "text": "1.7 trillion cubic meters (2019)" } @@ -311,47 +311,47 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "none; note - the EU legal order relies primarily on two consolidated texts encompassing all provisions as amended from a series of past treaties: the Treaty on European Union (TEU), as modified by the 2009 Lisbon Treaty states in Article 1 that \"the HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES establish among themselves a EUROPEAN UNION ... on which the Member States confer competences to attain objectives they have in common\"; Article 1 of the TEU states further that the EU is \"founded on the present Treaty and on the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (hereinafter referred to as 'the Treaties'),\" both possessing the same legal value; Article 6 of the TEU provides that a separately adopted Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union \"shall have the same legal value as the Treaties\"" + "text": "none; note - the EU legal order relies primarily on two consolidated texts encompassing all provisions as amended from a series of past treaties: the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU); The TEU as modified by the 2009 Lisbon Treaty states in Article 1 that \"the HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES establish among themselves a EUROPEAN UNION ... on which the Member States confer competences to attain objectives they have in common\"; Article 1 of the TEU states further that the EU is \"founded on the present Treaty and on the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (hereinafter referred to as 'the Treaties'),\" both possessing the same legal value; Article 6 of the TEU provides that a separately adopted Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union \"shall have the same legal value as the Treaties\"" }, "amendments": { - "text": "European Union treaties can be amended in several ways: 1) Ordinary Revision Procedure (for key amendments to the treaties); initiated by an EU country’s government, by the European Parliament, or by the European Commission; following adoption of the proposal by the European Council, a convention is formed of national government representatives to review the proposal and subsequently a conference of government representatives also reviews the proposal; passage requires ratification by all EU member states; 2) Simplified Revision Procedure (for amendment of EU internal policies and actions); passage of a proposal requires unanimous European Council vote following European Council consultation with the European Commission, the European Parliament, and the European Central Bank (if the amendment concerns monetary matters) and requires ratification by all EU member states; 3) Passerelle Clause (allows the alteration of a legislative procedure without a formal amendment of the treaties); 4) Flexibility Clause (permits the EU to decide in subject areas where EU competences have not been explicitly granted in the Treaties but are necessary to the attainment of the objectives set out in the Treaty); note - the Treaty of Lisbon (signed in December 2007 and effective in December 2009) amended the two treaties that formed the EU - the Maastricht Treaty (1993) and the Treaty of Rome (1958), known in updated form as the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union" + "text": "European Union treaties can be amended in several ways: 1) Ordinary Revision Procedure (for key amendments to the treaties); initiated by an EU member state, by the European Parliament, or by the European Commission; following adoption of the proposal by the European Council, a convention is formed of national government representatives to review the proposal and a conference of government representatives  subsequently reviews the proposal; passage requires ratification by all EU member states; 2) Simplified Revision Procedure (for amendment of EU internal policies and actions); passage of a proposal requires unanimous European Council vote following European Council consultation with the European Commission, the European Parliament, and the European Central Bank (if the amendment concerns monetary matters) and requires ratification by all EU member states; 3) Passerelle Clause (allows the alteration of a legislative procedure without a formal amendment of the treaties); 4) Flexibility Clause (permits the EU to decide in subject areas where EU competences have not been explicitly granted in the Treaties but are necessary to the attainment of the objectives set out in the Treaty); note - the Treaty of Lisbon (signed in December 2007 and effective in December 2009) amended the two treaties that formed the EU - the Maastricht Treaty (1992), also known as the TEU,  and the Treaty of Rome (1957), known in updated form as the TFEU" } }, "Legal system": { - "text": "unique supranational law system in which, according to an interpretive declaration of member-state governments appended to the Treaty of Lisbon, \"the Treaties and the law adopted by the Union on the basis of the Treaties have primacy over the law of Member States\" under conditions laid down in the case law of the Court of Justice; key principles of EU law include fundamental rights as guaranteed by the Charter of Fundamental Rights and as resulting from constitutional traditions common to the EU's 27 member states; EU law is divided into 'primary' and 'secondary' legislation; primary legislation is derived from the consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and are the basis for all EU action; secondary legislation - which includes directives, regulations, and decisions - is derived from the principles and objectives set out in the treaties" + "text": "unique supranational system of laws in which, according to an interpretive declaration of member-state governments appended to the Treaty of Lisbon, \"the Treaties and the law adopted by the Union on the basis of the Treaties have primacy over the law of Member States\" under conditions laid down in the case law of the Court of Justice; key principles of EU jurisprudence include universal rights as guaranteed by the Charter of Fundamental Rights and as resulting from constitutional traditions common to the EU's 27 member states; EU law is divided into 'primary' and 'secondary' legislation; primary legislation is derived from the consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and are the basis for all EU action; secondary legislation - which includes directives, regulations, and decisions - is derived from the principles and objectives set out in the treaties" }, "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age (16 years in Austria); universal; voting for the European Parliament is permitted in each member state" }, "Executive branch": { - "text": "

under the EU treaties there are three distinct institutions, each of which conducts functions that may be regarded as executive in nature:
European Council - brings together heads of state and government, along with the president of the European Commission, and meets at least four times a year; its aim is to provide the impetus for the development of the Union and to issue general policy guidelines; the Treaty of Lisbon established the position of \"permanent\" (full-time) president of the European Council; leaders of the EU member states appoint the president for a 2 1/2 year term, renewable once; the president's responsibilities include chairing the EU summits and providing policy and organizational continuity; the current president is Charles MICHEL (Belgium), since 1 December 2019, succeeding Donald TUSK (Poland; 2014 - 2019)
Council of the European Union - consists of ministers of each EU member state and meets regularly in 10 different configurations depending on the subject matter; it conducts policymaking and coordinating functions as well as legislative functions; ministers of EU member states chair meetings of the Council of the EU based on a 6-month rotating presidency except for the meetings of EU Foreign Ministers in the Foreign Affairs Council that are chaired by the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
European Commission - headed by a College of Commissioners comprised of 27 members (one from each member country) including the president; each commissioner is responsible for one or more policy areas; the Commission's main responsibilities include the sole right to initiate EU legislation (except for foreign and security/defense policy), promoting the general interest of the EU, acting as \"guardian of the Treaties\" by monitoring the application of EU law, implementing/executing the EU budget, managing programs, negotiating on the EU's behalf in core policy areas such as trade, and ensuring the Union's external representation in some policy areas; its current president is Ursula VON DER LEYEN (Germany) elected on 16 July 2019 (took office on 1 December 2019); the president of the European Commission is nominated by the European Council and formally \"elected\" by the European Parliament; the Commission president allocates specific responsibilities among the members of the College (appointed by common accord of the member state governments in consultation with the president-elect); the European Parliament confirms the entire Commission for a 5-year term.

", - "note": "note: for external representation and foreign policy making, leaders of the EU member states appointed Joseph BORRELL (Spain) as the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy; BORRELL took office on 1 December 2019, succeeding Federica MOGHERINI (Italy (2014 - 2019); the High Representative's concurrent appointment as Vice President of the European Commission was meant to bring more coherence to the EU’s foreign policy (horizontally, between policies managed by the Commission that are particularly relevant for EU external relations, such as trade, humanitarian aid and crisis management, neighborhood policy and enlargement; and vertically, between member-state capitals and the EU); the High Representative helps develop and implement the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy and Common Security and Defense Policy components, chairs the Foreign Affairs Council, represents and acts for the Union in many international contexts, and oversees the European External Action Service, the diplomatic corps of the EU, established on 1 December 2010" + "text": "

under the EU treaties there are three distinct institutions, each of which conducts functions that may be regarded as executive in nature:
European Council - brings together member-state heads of state or government, along with the president of the European Commission, and meets at least four times a year; its aim is to provide the impetus for the development of the Union and to issue general policy guidance; the Treaty of Lisbon established the position of \"permanent\" (full-time) president of the European Council; leaders of the EU member states appoint the president for a 2 1/2 year term, renewable once; the president's responsibilities include chairing European Council meetings and providing policy and organizational continuity; the current president is Charles MICHEL (Belgium), since 1 December 2019, who succeeded Donald TUSK (Poland; 2014 - 2019)
Council of the European Union - consists of gatherings of member-state officials, ranging from working-level diplomats to cabinet ministers in a given policy field, such as foreign affairs, agriculture, or economy; it conducts policymaking and coordinating functions as well as legislative functions; representatives from one member state chair meetings of the Council of the EU, based on a 6-month rotating presidency except for the meetings of EU Foreign Ministers in the Foreign Affairs Council that are chaired by the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
European Commission - headed by a College of Commissioners comprised of 27 members (one from each member state) including the president; each commissioner is responsible for one or more policy areas; the Commission has the sole right to initiate EU legislation (except for foreign and security/defense policy), and is also responsible for promoting the general interest of the EU, acting as \"guardian of the Treaties\" by monitoring the application of EU law, implementing/executing the EU budget, managing programs, negotiating on the EU's behalf in policy areas where the member states have conferred sole competency, such as trade, and ensuring the Union's external representation in some policy areas; its current president is Ursula VON DER LEYEN (Germany) elected on 16 July 2019 (took office on 1 December 2019); the president of the European Commission is nominated by the European Council and confirmed by the European Parliament; the Commission president allocates specific responsibilities among the members of the College (appointed by common accord of the member-state governments in consultation with the president-elect); the European Parliament confirms the entire Commission for a 5-year term.

", + "note": "note: for external representation and foreign policy making, member-state leaders appointed Joseph BORRELL (Spain) as the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy; BORRELL took office on 1 December 2019, succeeding Federica MOGHERINI (Italy (2014 - 2019); the High Representative's concurrent appointment as Vice President of the European Commission was meant to bring more coherence to the EU’s foreign policy (including policies managed by the Commission that are particularly relevant for EU external relations, such as trade, humanitarian aid and crisis management, neighborhood policy and enlargement, as well as between member-state capitals and the EU); the High Representative helps develop and implement the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy and Common Security and Defense Policy components, chairs the Council of the EU's meetings of member-state foreign ministers, called the Foreign Affairs Council, represents and acts for the Union in many international contexts, and oversees the European External Action Service, the diplomatic corps of the EU, established on 1 December 2010" }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "two legislative bodies consisting of the Council of the European Union (27 seats; ministers representing the 27 member states) and the European Parliament (705 seats; seats allocated among member states roughly in proportion to population size; members elected by proportional representation to serve 5-year terms); note - the European Parliament President, David SASSOLI, was elected in July 2019 by a majority of fellow members of the European Parliament (MEPs) and represents the Parliament within the EU and internationally; the Council of the EU and the MEPs share responsibilities for adopting the bulk of EU legislation, normally acting in co-decision on Commission proposals (but not in the area of Common Foreign and Security Policy, which is governed by consensus of the EU member state governments)" + "text": "two legislative bodies consisting of the Council of the European Union (27 seats; ministers representing the 27 member states) and the European Parliament (705 seats; seats allocated among member states roughly in proportion to population size; members elected by proportional representation to serve 5-year terms); note - the European Parliament President, Roberta METSOLA, was elected in January 2022 by a majority of fellow members of the European Parliament (MEPs) and represents the Parliament within the EU and internationally; the Council of the EU and the MEPs share responsibilities for adopting the bulk of EU legislation; the two bodies must come to agreement for a commission proposal to become law, after negotiations in which they reconcile differences in each body's text of the proposal, except in the area of Common Foreign and Security Policy, which is governed by consensus of the EU member-state governments)" }, "elections": { "text": "last held on 23-26 May 2019 (next to be held in May 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party (as of 31 August 2022) - EPP 176, S&D 145, RE 103, ID 65, Greens/EFA 71, ECR 64, GUE-NGL 39, non-attached 42; Parliament composition - men 428, women 277, percent of women 39.3%; note - composition of the European Council - men 23, women 4, percent of women 11.1%; total Council and Parliament percent of women 38.3%" + "text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party (as of 13 April 2023) - EPP 175, S&D 144, RE 101, Greens/EFA 72, ECR 66, ID 62, GUE-NGL 38, non-attached 47; Parliament composition - men 428, women 277, percent of women 39.3%; note - composition of the European Council - men 23, women 4, percent of women 14.8%; total Council and Parliament percent of women 38.4%" } }, "Judicial branch": { "highest court(s)": { - "text": "Court of Justice of the European Union, which includes the Court of Justice (informally known as the European Court of Justice or ECJ) and the General Court (consists of 27 judges, one drawn from each member state; the ECJ includes 11 Advocates General while the General Court can include additional judges; both the ECJ and the General Court may sit in a \"Grand Chamber\" of 15 judges in special cases but usually in chambers of 3 to 5 judges" + "text": "Court of Justice of the European Union, which includes the Court of Justice (informally known as the European Court of Justice or ECJ) and the General Court (consists of 27 judges, one drawn from each member state); the ECJ includes 11 Advocates General while the General Court can include additional judges; both the ECJ and the General Court may sit in a \"Grand Chamber\" of 15 judges in special cases but usually in chambers of 3 to 5 judges" }, "judge selection and term of office": { "text": "judges appointed by the common consent of the member states to serve 6-year renewable terms" }, - "note": "note: the ECJ is the supreme judicial authority of the EU; it ensures that EU law is interpreted and applied uniformly throughout the EU, resolves disputed issues among the EU institutions and with member states, and reviews issues and opinions regarding questions of EU law referred by member state courts" + "note": "note: the ECJ is the supreme judicial authority of the EU; it ensures that EU law is interpreted and applied uniformly throughout the EU, resolves disputes among EU institutions and member states, and reviews issues and opinions regarding questions of EU law referred by member state courts" }, "Political parties and leaders": { "text": "European United Left-Nordic Green Left or GUE/NGL [Manon AUBRY and Martin SCHIRDEWAN]
European Conservatives and Reformists or ECR [Raffaele FITTO and Ryszard LEGUTKO]
European Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA [Ska KELLER and Philippe LAMBERTS]
European People's Party or EPP [Manfred WEBER]
Identity and Democracy Party or ID [Marco ZANNI]
Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats or S&D [Iratxe GARCIA]
Renew Europe or RE [Stephane SEJOURNE] (successor to Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE)" }, "International organization participation": { - "text": "ARF, ASEAN (dialogue member), Australian Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CERN, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-8, G-10, G-20, IDA, IEA, IGAD (partners), LAIA (observer), NSG (observer), OAS (observer), OECD, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SICA (observer), UN (observer), UNRWA (observer), WCO, WTO, ZC (observer)" + "text": "ARF, ASEAN (dialogue member), Australian Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CERN, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-7, G-10, G-20, IDA, IEA, IGAD (partners), LAIA (observer), NSG (observer), OAS (observer), OECD, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SICA (observer), UN (observer), UNRWA (observer), WCO, WTO, ZC (observer)" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { diff --git a/europe/ei.json b/europe/ei.json index 93392c87..62d94b03 100644 --- a/europe/ei.json +++ b/europe/ei.json @@ -372,17 +372,6 @@ "text": "Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "8.26 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "37.71 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "13.67 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time" }, @@ -420,6 +409,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "8.26 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "37.71 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "13.67 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "2,692,537 tons (2012 est.)" @@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "83,380 (Ukraine) (as of 14 May 2023)" + "text": "84,392 (Ukraine) (as of 21 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "7 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index 2dd7cb16..d24573d8 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -389,17 +389,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "6.74 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "16.59 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.99 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "maritime; wet, moderate winters, cool summers" }, @@ -437,6 +426,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "6.74 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "16.59 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.99 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "473,000 tons (2015 est.)" @@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ } }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Finland 13%, Sweden 9%, Latvia 8%, Russia 8%, United States 7%, Lithuania 6%, Germany 6% (2019)" + "text": "Finland 12%, United States 9%, Latvia 9%, Sweden 8%, Russia 6% (2021)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "broadcasting equipment, coal tar oil, refined petroleum, cars, prefabricated buildings, lumber (2021)" @@ -892,10 +892,10 @@ } }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Russia 12%, Germany 10%, Finland 9%, Lithuania 7%, Latvia 7%, Sweden 6%, Poland 6%, China 6% (2019)" + "text": "Russia 15%, Finland 10%, Germany 10%, Latvia 7%, Lithuania 6% (2021)" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "cars, refined petroleum, coal tar oil, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicines (2019)" + "text": "refined petroleum, cars, coal tar oil, electricity, lumber, broadcasting equipment (2021)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { @@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "71,215 (Ukraine) (as of 10 April 2023)" + "text": "71,215 (Ukraine) (as of 21 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "70,604 (2022); note - following independence in 1991, automatic citizenship was restricted to those who were Estonian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants; thousands of ethnic Russians remained stateless when forced to choose between passing Estonian language and citizenship tests or applying for Russian citizenship; one reason for demurring on Estonian citizenship was to retain the right of visa-free travel to Russia; stateless residents can vote in local elections but not general elections; stateless parents who have been lawful residents of Estonia for at least five years can apply for citizenship for their children before they turn 15 years old" diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index d4a842ab..c8b9c3af 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -382,17 +382,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "15.15 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "102.22 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "13.11 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters" }, @@ -430,6 +419,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.14% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "15.15 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "102.22 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "13.11 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "3.337 million tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/europe/fi.json b/europe/fi.json index 7ab16b44..12a0ffdc 100644 --- a/europe/fi.json +++ b/europe/fi.json @@ -395,17 +395,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "5.88 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "45.87 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "4.46 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes" }, @@ -443,6 +432,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "5.88 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "45.87 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "4.46 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "2.738 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ "text": "unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; 199 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member in the province of Aland directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 02 April 2023 (next to be held on 30 April 2027)" + "text": "last held on 2 April 2023 (next to be held on 30 April 2027)" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - Kok 24%, PS 23%, SDP 21.5%. Center Party 11.5%, Vihr 6.5%, Vas 5.5%, SFP 4.5%, KD 2.5%, Aland 0.5%; Movement Now 0.5%; seats by party/coalition - Kok 48, PS 46, SDP 43, Center Party 23, Vihr 13, Vas 11, SFP 9, KD 5; Aland 1; Movement Now 1; composition men 108, women 92, percent of women 46%" @@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ } }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Germany 14%, Sweden 10%, United States 8%, Netherlands 6%, China 6%, Russia 5% (2019)" + "text": "Germany 13%, Sweden 9%, United States 8%, Netherlands 6%, China 6% (2021)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "refined petroleum, kaolin coated paper, cars, lumber, stainless steel, wood pulp (2021)" @@ -893,10 +893,10 @@ } }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Germany 16%, Sweden 14%, Russia 13%, China 6%, Netherlands 6% (2019)" + "text": "Germany 16%, Sweden 15%, Russia 11%, China 7%, Netherlands 7% (2021)" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "crude petroleum, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicines (2019)" + "text": "cars and vehicle parts, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicines (2021)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { @@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,175 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 47,067 (Ukraine) (as of 16 May 2023)" + "text": "9,175 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 47,067 (Ukraine) (as of 23 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,546 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/fo.json b/europe/fo.json index 70b8c3bd..9816fcb8 100644 --- a/europe/fo.json +++ b/europe/fo.json @@ -301,11 +301,6 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "coastal erosion, landslides and rockfalls, flash flooding, wind storms; oil spills" }, - "Air pollutants": { - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.63 megatons (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy" }, @@ -340,6 +335,11 @@ "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.63 megatons (2016 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "61,000 tons (2014 est.)" diff --git a/europe/fr.json b/europe/fr.json index d3101bdc..2965316b 100644 --- a/europe/fr.json +++ b/europe/fr.json @@ -409,14 +409,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "11.64 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "55.99 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "

metropolitan France: generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as the mistral;

French Guiana: tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation;

Guadeloupe and Martinique: subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average;

Mayotte: tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November);

Reunion: tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry (May to November), hot and rainy (November to April)

" }, @@ -454,6 +446,14 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "11.64 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "55.99 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "33.399 million tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/europe/gi.json b/europe/gi.json index 77e8715a..a8cddd71 100644 --- a/europe/gi.json +++ b/europe/gi.json @@ -279,11 +279,6 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "limited natural freshwater resources: more than 90% of drinking water supplied by desalination, the remainder from stored rainwater; a separate supply of saltwater used for sanitary services" }, - "Air pollutants": { - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.63 megatons (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers" }, @@ -303,6 +298,11 @@ "text": "0.45% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)" } }, + "Air pollutants": { + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.63 megatons (2016 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "16,954 tons (2012 est.)" diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index 521e4e72..45b04ba0 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -396,17 +396,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "11.71 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "727.97 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "49.92 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind" }, @@ -444,6 +433,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.02% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "11.71 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "727.97 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "49.92 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "51.046 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1270,7 +1270,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "664,238 (Syria), 183,631 (Afghanistan), 151,254 (Iraq), 64,496 (Eritrea), 47,658 (Iran), 38,755 (Turkey), 32,155 (Somalia), 13,334 (Russia), 12,155 (Nigeria), 9,250 (Pakistan), 6,257 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,912 (Ethiopia), 5,532 (Azerbaijan) (mid-year 2022); 1,061,623 (Ukraine) (as of 19 April 2023)" + "text": "664,238 (Syria), 183,631 (Afghanistan), 151,254 (Iraq), 64,496 (Eritrea), 47,658 (Iran), 38,755 (Turkey), 32,155 (Somalia), 13,334 (Russia), 12,155 (Nigeria), 9,250 (Pakistan), 6,257 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,912 (Ethiopia), 5,532 (Azerbaijan) (mid-year 2022); 1,067,856 (Ukraine) (as of 21 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "28,941 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/gr.json b/europe/gr.json index 5875757a..ea5a87dd 100644 --- a/europe/gr.json +++ b/europe/gr.json @@ -382,17 +382,6 @@ "text": "Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "15.69 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "62.43 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "9.8 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers" }, @@ -430,6 +419,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.04% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "15.69 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "62.43 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "9.8 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "5,477,424 tons (2014 est.)" @@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ "text": "President Ekaterini SAKELLAROPOULOU (since 13 March 2020)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Kyriakos MITSOTAKIS (since 8 July 2019)" + "text": "Caretaker Prime Minister Ioannis SARMAS (since 25 May 2023)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister" @@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ "text": "unicameral Hellenic Parliament or Vouli ton Ellinon (300 seats; 280 members in multi-seat and single-seat constituencies and 15 members - including 3 seats for Greek diaspora - in a single nationwide constituency directly elected by open party-list proportional representation vote; members serve up to 4 years);  note - only parties surpassing a 3% threshold are entitled to parliamentary seats; parties need 10 seats to become formal parliamentary groups but can retain that status if the party participated in the last election and received the minimum 3% threshold" }, "elections": { - "text": "last held on 7 July 2019 (next to be held on 21 May 2023)" + "text": "last held on 21 May 2023 (next to be held on 25 June 2023 because a government could not be formed)" }, "election results": { "text": "percent of vote by party - ND 39.9%, SYRIZA 31.5%, KINAL 8.1%, KKE 5.3%, Greek Solution 3.7%, MeRA25 3.4%, other 8.1%; seats by party - ND 158, SYRIZA 86, KINAL 22, KKE 15, Greek Solution 10, MeRA25 9; composition - men 244, women 56, percent of women 18.7%" @@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "4,488 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 1,238,391 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" + "note": "note: 1,238,493 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis products and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime" diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index 426fc71a..38271f31 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -395,17 +395,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "17.03 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "17.49 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "3.98 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast" }, @@ -443,6 +432,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "17.03 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "17.49 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "3.98 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1.654 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1246,7 +1246,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "22,382 (Ukraine) (as of 12 May 2023)" + "text": "22,538 (Ukraine) (as of 19 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,889 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/hu.json b/europe/hu.json index f6dc6a4d..caa984c1 100644 --- a/europe/hu.json +++ b/europe/hu.json @@ -392,17 +392,6 @@ "text": "Antarctic-Environmental Protection" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "15.62 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "45.54 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "7.25 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers" }, @@ -440,6 +429,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.01% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "15.62 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "45.54 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "7.25 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "3.712 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1217,7 +1217,7 @@ "note": "note: in 2017, Hungary announced plans to increase the number of active soldiers to around 37,000 but did not give a timeline" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military's inventory consists largely of Soviet-era weapons, with a smaller mix of more modern European and US equipment (2022)" + "text": "the military's inventory consists largely of Soviet-era weapons, with a smaller mix of more modern European and US equipment (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2005); 6-month service obligation (2022)", @@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "35,030 (Ukraine) (as of 16 May 2023)" + "text": "36,313 (Ukraine) (as of 23 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "130 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/ic.json b/europe/ic.json index 8f8a244c..7267d7a7 100644 --- a/europe/ic.json +++ b/europe/ic.json @@ -373,17 +373,6 @@ "text": "Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "5.94 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "2.06 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.59 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers" }, @@ -421,6 +410,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "5.94 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "2.06 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.59 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "525,000 tons (2015 est.)" @@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { - "text": "high-income European economy; frozen EU accession application but Schengen Area member; tourism industry, which helped rebound the economy after 2008 collapse, hit hard by COVID-19; major fishing industry; complex regulatory environment" + "text": "high-income European economy; frozen EU accession application but Schengen Area member; major tourism, fishing, and aluminum industries; complex regulatory environment; large FDI recipient; highly educated workforce" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { @@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ } }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Netherlands 23%, United Kingdom 9%, Germany 9%, Spain 8%, United States 7%, France 7%, Canada 5% (2019)" + "text": "Netherlands 24%, Spain 10%, Germany 10%, United Kingdom 9%, United States 7% (2021)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "aluminum and aluminum products, fish fillets, salmon, iron alloys, animal meal (2021)" @@ -856,7 +856,7 @@ } }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Norway 11%, Netherlands 10%, Germany 8%, Denmark 8%, United States 7%, United Kingdom 6%, China 6%, Sweden 5% (2019)" + "text": "Norway 11%, Denmark 10%, Netherlands 9%, Germany 9%, China 7% (2021)" }, "Imports - commodities": { "text": "refined petroleum, aluminum oxide, carbon/graphite electronics, cars, packaged medicines (2019)" diff --git a/europe/it.json b/europe/it.json index 9709fb0a..3d9e17ae 100644 --- a/europe/it.json +++ b/europe/it.json @@ -385,14 +385,6 @@ "text": "Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "15.28 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "41.3 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "predominantly Mediterranean; alpine in far north; hot, dry in south" }, @@ -430,6 +422,14 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "15.28 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "41.3 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "29.524 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of:
Senate or Senato della Repubblica (320 seats; 116 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 193 members in multi-seat constituencies and 6 members in multi-seat constituencies abroad directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 5 ex-officio members appointed by the president of the Republic to serve for life)
Chamber of Deputies or Camera dei Deputati (630 seats; 629 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member from Valle d'Aosta elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)" + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of:
Senate or Senato della Repubblica (200 elected seats; 122 members in multi-seat constituencies directly elected by proportional representation vote, 74 members in single-seat constituencies directly elected by plurality vote, and 4 members in multi-seat constituencies abroad directly elected by proportional representation vote; all members serve 5-year terms)
Chamber of Deputies or Camera dei Deputati (400 seats; 245 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; 147 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by plurality vote and 8 members in multi-seat constituencies abroad by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { "text": "
Senate - last held on 25 September 2022
Chamber of Deputies - last held on 25 September 2022; note - snap elections were called when Prime Minister DRAGHI resigned, and the parliament was dissolved on 21 July 2022 (next to be held 30 September 2027)" @@ -1243,12 +1243,12 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "21,441 (Nigeria), 17,706 (Afghanistan), 17,619 (Pakistan), 11,193 (Mali), 8,405 (Somalia), 6,324 (Gambia), 5,768 (Bangladesh), 5,463 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 175,107 (Ukraine) (as of 21 April 2023)" + "text": "21,441 (Nigeria), 17,706 (Afghanistan), 17,619 (Pakistan), 11,193 (Mali), 8,405 (Somalia), 6,324 (Gambia), 5,768 (Bangladesh), 5,463 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 175,107 (Ukraine) (as of 19 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,000 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 741,760 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" + "note": "note: 742,864 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "important gateway for drug trafficking; organized crime groups allied with Colombian and Spanish groups trafficking cocaine to Europe" diff --git a/europe/kv.json b/europe/kv.json index 798d6d7f..35f9a10b 100644 --- a/europe/kv.json +++ b/europe/kv.json @@ -294,14 +294,6 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "air pollution (pollution from power plants and nearby lignite mines take a toll on people's health); water scarcity and pollution; land degradation" }, - "Air pollutants": { - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "8.94 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.54 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "influenced by continental air masses resulting in relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns; Mediterranean and alpine influences create regional variation; maximum rainfall between October and December" }, @@ -331,6 +323,14 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.31% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "8.94 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.54 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "319,000 tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/europe/lg.json b/europe/lg.json index 15d763df..067280b5 100644 --- a/europe/lg.json +++ b/europe/lg.json @@ -392,17 +392,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "12.72 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "7 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "1.85 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "maritime; wet, moderate winters" }, @@ -440,6 +429,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "12.72 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "7 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "1.85 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "857,000 tons (2015 est.)" @@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { - "text": "high-income, EU-member Baltic economy; export-driven; major bribery and money-laundering scandals suggest widespread financial corruption; strong but gradual post COVID-19 recovery; regional tension with Belarus; highly developed transit services" + "text": "high-income, EU-member Baltic economy; export-driven; Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused a temporary labor force surge and impacted growth due to Russian trade reliance; highly developed transit services" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": { @@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ } }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Lithuania 16%, Estonia 10%, Russia 9%, Germany 7%, Sweden 6%, United Kingdom 6% (2019)" + "text": "Lithuania 17%, Estonia 9%, United Kingdom 8%, Germany 7%, Russia 7% (2021)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "lumber, wheat, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicines, fuel woods, hard liquors (2021)" @@ -884,10 +884,10 @@ } }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Russia 21%, Lithuania 14%, Germany 9%, Poland 7%, Estonia 7% (2019)" + "text": "Lithuania 15%, Russia 14%, Germany 9%, Poland 8%, Estonia 8% (2021)" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, cars, packaged medicines, aircraft (2019)" + "text": "refined petroleum, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, electricity, cars, natural gas (2021)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { @@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "31,769 (Ukraine) (as of 12 May 2023)" + "text": "31,527 (Ukraine) (as of 19 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "195,354 (2022); note - individuals who were Latvian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants were recognized as Latvian citizens when the country's independence was restored in 1991; citizens of the former Soviet Union residing in Latvia who have neither Latvian nor other citizenship are considered non-citizens (officially there is no statelessness in Latvia) and are entitled to non-citizen passports; children born after Latvian independence to stateless parents are entitled to Latvian citizenship upon their parents' request; non-citizens cannot vote or hold certain government jobs and are exempt from military service but can travel visa-free in the EU under the Schengen accord like Latvian citizens; non-citizens can obtain naturalization if they have been permanent residents of Latvia for at least five years, pass tests in Latvian language and history, and know the words of the Latvian national anthem" diff --git a/europe/lh.json b/europe/lh.json index bef1989f..b1cb5377 100644 --- a/europe/lh.json +++ b/europe/lh.json @@ -390,17 +390,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "11.49 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "12.96 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "3.15 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers" }, @@ -438,6 +427,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "11.49 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "12.96 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "3.15 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1.3 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ } }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Russia 13%, Latvia 9%, Poland 8%, Germany 7%, Estonia 5% (2019)" + "text": "Russia 10%, Latvia 9%, Germany 8%, Poland 7%, United States 6% (2021)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "refined petroleum, wooden furniture, wheat, laboratory reagents, cigarettes (2021)" @@ -893,10 +893,10 @@ } }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Poland 12%, Russia 12%, Germany 12%, Latvia 7%, Netherlands 5% (2019)" + "text": "Poland 12%, Germany 12%, Russia 11%, Latvia 8%, Netherlands 5% (2021)" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "crude petroleum, cars, packaged medicines, refined petroleum, electricity (2019)" + "text": "crude petroleum, cars, electricity, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, natural gas (2021)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { @@ -1231,7 +1231,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "77,444 (Ukraine) (as of 12 May 2023)" + "text": "77,610 (Ukraine) (as of 19 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,720 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/lo.json b/europe/lo.json index 1a7cc764..ee19d302 100644 --- a/europe/lo.json +++ b/europe/lo.json @@ -379,17 +379,6 @@ "text": "Antarctic-Environmental Protection" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "17.54 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "32.42 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "4.43 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters" }, @@ -427,6 +416,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.01% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "17.54 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "32.42 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "4.43 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1.784 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "116,202 (Ukraine) (as of 14 May 2023)" + "text": "116,718 (Ukraine) (as of 21 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "2,940 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/ls.json b/europe/ls.json index ee353034..91a4bb70 100644 --- a/europe/ls.json +++ b/europe/ls.json @@ -326,14 +326,6 @@ "text": "Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Law of the Sea" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.05 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.02 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers" }, @@ -368,6 +360,14 @@ "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.05 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.02 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "32,382 tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/europe/lu.json b/europe/lu.json index db4fcea4..5337b217 100644 --- a/europe/lu.json +++ b/europe/lu.json @@ -371,17 +371,6 @@ "text": "Environmental Modification" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "10.21 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "8.99 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.61 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "modified continental with mild winters, cool summers" }, @@ -419,6 +408,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "10.21 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "8.99 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.61 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "356,000 tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/europe/md.json b/europe/md.json index 14a8b0d4..ef080b3a 100644 --- a/europe/md.json +++ b/europe/md.json @@ -381,17 +381,6 @@ "text": "Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "15.97 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "5.12 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "3.29 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "moderate winters, warm summers" }, @@ -429,6 +418,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "15.97 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "5.12 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "3.29 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "3,981,200 tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "108,620 (Ukraine) (as of 14 May 2023)" + "text": "108,889 (Ukraine) (as of 21 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,701 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index cd7d9ac5..6aee3041 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -410,17 +410,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "20.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "2.02 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.75 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland" }, @@ -458,6 +447,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.12% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "20.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "2.02 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.75 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "332,000 tons (2015 est.)" @@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 19 March 2023 with a runoff on 2 April 2023 (next to be held in 2028); prime minister nominated by the president, approved by the Assembly" }, "election results": { - "text": "
2023: Jakov MILATOVIC elected president in the second round; percent of vote in first round - Milo DUKANOVIC (DPS) 35.4%, Jakov MILATOVIC (Europe Now!) 28.9%, Andrija MANDIC (DF) 19.3%, Aleksa BECIC (DCG) 11.1%, other 5.3%; percent of vote in second round - Jakov MILATOVIC 58.9%, Milo DUKANOVIC 41.1%

2018: Milo DJUKANOVIC elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Milo DJUKANOVIC (DPS) 53.9%, Mladen BOJANIC (independent) 33.4%, Draginja VUKSANOVIC (SDP) 8.2%, Marko MILACIC (PRAVA) 2.8%, other 1.7%

2013: Filip VUJANOVIC reelected president; percent of vote Filip VUJANOVIC (DPS) 51.2%, Miodrag LEKIC (independent) 48.8%" + "text": "
2023: Jakov MILATOVIC elected president in the second round; percent of vote in first round - Milo DUKANOVIC (DPS) 35.4%, Jakov MILATOVIC (Europe Now!) 28.9%, Andrija MANDIC (DF) 19.3%, Aleksa BECIC (DCG) 11.1%, other 5.3%; percent of vote in second round - Jakov MILATOVIC 58.9%, Milo DUKANOVIC 41.1%

2018: Milo DJUKANOVIC elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Milo DJUKANOVIC (DPS) 53.9%, Mladen BOJANIC (independent) 33.4%, Draginja VUKSANOVIC (SDP) 8.2%, Marko MILACIC (PRAVA) 2.8%, other 1.7%" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -1237,12 +1237,12 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "33,428 (Ukraine) (as of 15 May 2023)" + "text": "33,541 (Ukraine) (as of 19 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "468 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 30,344 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" + "note": "note: 30,433 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine  destined for  European markets

" diff --git a/europe/mk.json b/europe/mk.json index 71393feb..cbcca99e 100644 --- a/europe/mk.json +++ b/europe/mk.json @@ -376,17 +376,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "28.34 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "7.05 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "2.28 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall" }, @@ -424,6 +413,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "28.34 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "7.05 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "2.28 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "796,585 tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/europe/mn.json b/europe/mn.json index 7ff8daef..232d2b84 100644 --- a/europe/mn.json +++ b/europe/mn.json @@ -325,14 +325,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "12.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.05 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers" }, @@ -367,6 +359,14 @@ "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "12.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.05 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "46,000 tons (2012 est.)" diff --git a/europe/mt.json b/europe/mt.json index 8a1d301d..911f6d73 100644 --- a/europe/mt.json +++ b/europe/mt.json @@ -376,17 +376,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "13.97 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "1.34 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.2 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "Mediterranean; mild, rainy winters; hot, dry summers" }, @@ -424,6 +413,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "13.97 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "1.34 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.2 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "269,000 tons (2015 est.)" @@ -571,11 +571,11 @@ "text": "AD+PD or ADPD [Carmel CACOPARDO] (formed from the merger of Democratic Alternative or AD and Democratic Party (Partit Demokratiku) or PD)
Labor Party (Partit Laburista) or PL [Robert ABELA]
Nationalist Party (Partit Nazzjonalista) or PN [Bernard GRECH]" }, "International organization participation": { - "text": "Australia Group, C, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina (observer), UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + "text": "Australia Group, C, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO (partner), NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina (observer), UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Keith AZZOPARDI (since 17 September 2018)" + "text": "Ambassador Godfrey C. XUEREB (since 19 April 2023)" }, "chancery": { "text": "2017 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" diff --git a/europe/nl.json b/europe/nl.json index 370160b1..e63736f4 100644 --- a/europe/nl.json +++ b/europe/nl.json @@ -388,17 +388,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "12.07 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "170.78 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "17.79 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters" }, @@ -436,6 +425,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "12.07 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "170.78 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "17.79 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "8.855 million tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/europe/no.json b/europe/no.json index a43709ef..30b7ee7d 100644 --- a/europe/no.json +++ b/europe/no.json @@ -386,17 +386,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "7.02 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "41.02 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "4.81 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast" }, @@ -435,6 +424,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "7.02 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "41.02 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "4.81 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "2.187 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -862,7 +862,7 @@ } }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "United Kingdom 18%, Germany 14%, Netherlands 10%, Sweden 9%, France 6%, United States 5% (2019)" + "text": "United Kingdom 21%, Germany 19%, Sweden 8%, Netherlands 7%, China 6% (2021)" }, "Exports - commodities": { "text": "natural gas, crude petroleum, salmon, refined petroleum, aluminum (2021)" @@ -879,10 +879,10 @@ } }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Sweden 17%, Germany 12%, China 8%, Denmark 7%, United States 6%, United Kingdom 5%, Netherlands 5% (2019)" + "text": "Sweden 18%, Germany 12%, China 10%, Denmark 6%, United States 5% (2021)" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "cars, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, natural gas, crude petroleum (2019)" + "text": "cars, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, computers, ships, nickel (2021)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { @@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "15,901 (Syria), 10,883 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2022); 46,985 (Ukraine) (as of 12 May 2023)" + "text": "15,901 (Syria), 10,883 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2022); 47,850 (Ukraine) (as of 23 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "3,901 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/pl.json b/europe/pl.json index 5ae090b1..112d3670 100644 --- a/europe/pl.json +++ b/europe/pl.json @@ -400,17 +400,6 @@ "text": "Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "20.54 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "299.04 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "46.62 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and thundershowers" }, @@ -448,6 +437,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.27% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "20.54 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "299.04 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "46.62 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "10.863 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1268,7 +1268,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "1,602,062 (Ukraine) (as of 15 May 2023)" + "text": "1,605,738 (Ukraine) (as of 22 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "1,435 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/po.json b/europe/po.json index 257c998b..01aba628 100644 --- a/europe/po.json +++ b/europe/po.json @@ -383,17 +383,6 @@ "text": "Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "7.87 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "48.74 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "10.93 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south" }, @@ -431,6 +420,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "7.87 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "48.74 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "10.93 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "4.71 million tons (2014 est.)" diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index ef863f79..fbda54cc 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -406,17 +406,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "24.27 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "45.22 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "11.96 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well-distributed rainfall); in other parts, continental and Mediterranean climate (relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns)" }, @@ -455,6 +444,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.25% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "24.27 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "45.22 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "11.96 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1.84 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ "stateless persons": { "text": "2,594 (includes stateless persons in Kosovo) (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 955,783 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-April 2023)" + "note": "note: 960,017 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index 5971408d..4c297424 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -394,17 +394,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "14.29 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "69.26 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "27.62 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms" }, @@ -442,6 +431,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.03% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "14.29 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "69.26 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "27.62 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "4.895 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1244,12 +1244,12 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "94,952 (Ukraine) (as of 14 May 2023)" + "text": "94,179 (Ukraine) (as of 20 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "297 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 13,699 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" + "note": "note: 13,748 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-May 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

a source country for cannabis

" diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index 33120e54..4128b686 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -377,17 +377,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "15.81 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "12.63 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "2.1 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east" }, @@ -425,6 +414,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.03% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "15.81 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "12.63 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "2.1 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "926,000 tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "9,312 (Ukraine) (as of 15 May 2023)" + "text": "9,477 (Ukraine) (as of 22 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "10 (2020)" diff --git a/europe/sm.json b/europe/sm.json index 7840772f..c61d3e8f 100644 --- a/europe/sm.json +++ b/europe/sm.json @@ -329,14 +329,6 @@ "text": "Air Pollution" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "13.45 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.02 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers" }, @@ -371,6 +363,14 @@ "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "13.45 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.02 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "17,175 tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index d6728195..6f7f382f 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -391,17 +391,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "9.48 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "244 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "36.94 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast" }, @@ -440,6 +429,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "9.48 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "244 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "36.94 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "20.151 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1250,12 +1250,12 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "14,994 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 179,884 (Ukraine) (as of 14 May 2023)" + "text": "14,994 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 177,228 (Ukraine) (as of 21 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "6,489 (2022)" }, - "note": "note: 285,788 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals, including Canary Islands (January 2015-May 2023)" + "note": "note: 286,267 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals, including Canary Islands (January 2015-May 2023)" }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "primary transit point in Europe for cocaine from South America and for hashish from Morocco; cocaine is shipped in raw or liquid form with mixed cargo to avoid detection; traffickers ship methamphetamine via express mail; increasing indoor cannabis production; illegal labs cutting, mixing, and reconstituting cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine labs; synthetic drugs, including ketamine and MDMA (ecstasy) transit from Spain to the US" diff --git a/europe/sw.json b/europe/sw.json index 1db006b0..c5aa1e31 100644 --- a/europe/sw.json +++ b/europe/sw.json @@ -389,17 +389,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "5.89 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "43.25 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "4.42 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north" }, @@ -437,6 +426,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "5.89 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "43.25 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "4.42 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "4.377 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -869,10 +869,10 @@ } }, "Exports - partners": { - "text": "Germany 10%, Norway 9%, United States 8%, Denmark 7%, Finland 6%, United Kingdom 5%, Netherlands 5%, China 5% (2019)" + "text": "Germany 10%, Norway 9%, United States 8%, Denmark 8%, Finland 6% (2021)" }, "Exports - commodities": { - "text": "cars and vehicle parts, packaged medicines, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, lumber (2019)" + "text": "cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, packaged medicines, lumber, iron, broadcasting equipment (2021)" }, "Imports": { "Imports 2021": { @@ -886,10 +886,10 @@ } }, "Imports - partners": { - "text": "Germany 18%, Netherlands 9%, Denmark 7%, Norway 7%, China 6%, Finland 5%, Belgium 5%, Poland 5% (2019)" + "text": "Germany 18%, Netherlands 9%, Norway 8%, China 7%, Denmark 7% (2021)" }, "Imports - commodities": { - "text": "cars and vehicle parts, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, computers (2019)" + "text": "cars and vehicle parts, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, computers (2021)" }, "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": { @@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "113,213 (Syria), 26,857 (Afghanistan), 25,849 (Eritrea), 10,464 (Iraq), 9,315 (Somalia), 7,146 (Iran) (mid-year 2022); 55,020 (Ukraine) (as of 11 May 2023)" + "text": "113,213 (Syria), 26,857 (Afghanistan), 25,849 (Eritrea), 10,464 (Iraq), 9,315 (Somalia), 7,146 (Iran) (mid-year 2022); 55,288 (Ukraine) (as of 18 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "46,515 (2022); note - the majority of stateless people are from the Middle East and Somalia" diff --git a/europe/sz.json b/europe/sz.json index bd85eb35..affd9d10 100644 --- a/europe/sz.json +++ b/europe/sz.json @@ -384,17 +384,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "10.21 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "34.48 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "4.98 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers" }, @@ -432,6 +421,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "10.21 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "34.48 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "4.98 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "6.056 million tons (2016 est.)" @@ -1240,7 +1240,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "14,726 (Eritrea), 11,441 (Afghanistan), 8,039 (Syria), (mid-year 2022); 65,601 (Ukraine) (as of 5 May 2023)" + "text": "14,726 (Eritrea), 11,441 (Afghanistan), 8,039 (Syria), (mid-year 2022); 65,601 (Ukraine) (as of 19 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "891 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/uk.json b/europe/uk.json index 6169a868..429baaac 100644 --- a/europe/uk.json +++ b/europe/uk.json @@ -388,17 +388,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "10.53 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "379.02 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "49.16 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast" }, @@ -436,6 +425,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "10.53 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "379.02 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "49.16 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "31.567 million tons (2014 est.)" @@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice" + "text": "uncoded; partly statutes, partly common law and practice" }, "amendments": { "text": "proposed as a bill for an Act of Parliament by the government, by the House of Commons, or by the House of Lords; passage requires agreement by both houses and by the monarch (Royal Assent); many previous, last in 2020 -  The European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020, European Union (Future Relationship) Act 2020" @@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@ } }, "Military and security service personnel strengths": { - "text": "approximately 153,000 regular forces (81,000 Army; 34,000 Navy, including about 7,000 Royal Marines; 38,000 Air Force) (2023)", + "text": "approximately 148,000 regular forces (82,000 Army including the Gurkhas; 33,000 Navy including the Royal Marines; 33,000 Air Force) (2023)", "note": "note: the military also has approximately 40-45,000 reserves and other personnel on active duty" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { @@ -1248,7 +1248,7 @@ }, "Refugees and internally displaced persons": { "refugees (country of origin)": { - "text": "21,904 (Iran), 15,615 (Eritrea), 11,371 (Sudan), 12,155 (Syria), 10,259 (Afghanistan), 8,009 (Pakistan), 7,699 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 204,700 (Ukraine) (as of 9 May 2023)" + "text": "21,904 (Iran), 15,615 (Eritrea), 11,371 (Sudan), 12,155 (Syria), 10,259 (Afghanistan), 8,009 (Pakistan), 7,699 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 205,800 (Ukraine) (as of 16 May 2023)" }, "stateless persons": { "text": "5,483 (2022)" diff --git a/europe/up.json b/europe/up.json index 48077f35..6357b2b8 100644 --- a/europe/up.json +++ b/europe/up.json @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ { "Introduction": { "Background": { - "text": "

Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20) but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine overwhelmingly voted for independence in 1991 around the time of the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control, patronage politics, and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.

A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 and early 2005 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in legislative (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement and fed up with blatant corruption led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.

Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel beginning an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 with the aim of ending the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements, but this effort failed as well. By early 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.

On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by launching a full-scale invasion of the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion has received near universal international condemnation, and many countries have imposed sanctions on Russia and supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. Russia made substantial gains in the early weeks of the invasion but underestimated Ukrainian resolve and combat capabilities. By the end of 2022, Ukrainian forces had regained all territories in the north and northeast and made some advances in the east and south. Nonetheless, Russia in late September 2022 unilaterally declared its annexation of four Ukrainian oblasts - Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia - even though none was fully under Russian control. The annexations remain unrecognized by the international community.

The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. As of 16 May 2023, approximately 21.7 million people had fled Ukraine, and 5.35 million people were internally displaced as of January 2023.  More than 23,600 civilian casualties had been reported, as of 7 May 2023. The invasion of Ukraine remains one of the two largest displacement crises worldwide (the other is the conflict in Syria).

The Ukrainian people continue to fiercely resist Russia’s full-scale invasion, which has targeted civilian and critical infrastructure - including energy - to try to break the Ukrainian will. President ZELENSKYY has focused on the civic identity of Ukrainians, regardless of ethnic or linguistic background, to unite the country behind the goals of ending the war by regaining as much territory as possible and advancing Ukraine’s candidacy for membership in the European Union (EU). Support for joining the EU and NATO has grown significantly, overcoming the historical, and sometimes artificial, divide between eastern and western Ukraine.

" + "text": "

Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20) but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine overwhelmingly voted for independence in 1991 around the time of the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control, patronage politics, and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.

A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 and early 2005 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in legislative (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement and fed up with blatant corruption led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019.

Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel beginning an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 with the aim of ending the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements, but this effort failed as well. By early 2022, more than 14,000 civilians were killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine.

On 24 February 2022, Russia escalated its conflict with Ukraine by launching a full-scale invasion of the country on several fronts in what has become the largest conventional military attack on a sovereign state in Europe since World War II. The invasion has received near universal international condemnation, and many countries have imposed sanctions on Russia and supplied humanitarian and military aid to Ukraine. Russia made substantial gains in the early weeks of the invasion but underestimated Ukrainian resolve and combat capabilities. By the end of 2022, Ukrainian forces had regained all territories in the north and northeast and made some advances in the east and south. Nonetheless, Russia in late September 2022 unilaterally declared its annexation of four Ukrainian oblasts - Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia - even though none was fully under Russian control. The annexations remain unrecognized by the international community.

The invasion has also created Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. As of 23 May 2023, approximately 21.92 million people had fled Ukraine, and 5.35 million people were internally displaced as of January 2023.  More than 23,600 civilian casualties had been reported, as of 7 May 2023. The invasion of Ukraine remains one of the two largest displacement crises worldwide (the other is the conflict in Syria).

The Ukrainian people continue to fiercely resist Russia’s full-scale invasion, which has targeted civilian and critical infrastructure - including energy - to try to break the Ukrainian will. President ZELENSKYY has focused on the civic identity of Ukrainians, regardless of ethnic or linguistic background, to unite the country behind the goals of ending the war by regaining as much territory as possible and advancing Ukraine’s candidacy for membership in the European Union (EU). Support for joining the EU and NATO has grown significantly, overcoming the historical, and sometimes artificial, divide between eastern and western Ukraine.

" } }, "Geography": { @@ -392,17 +392,6 @@ "text": "Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "18.29 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "202.25 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "63.37 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; warm summers across the greater part of the country, hot in the south" }, @@ -434,15 +423,26 @@ "text": "-0.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "widespread lack of access": { + "text": "due to conflict - planting of 2023 winter crops was completed by mid‑November 2022 and crops are currently in winter dormancy phase; the area sown with wheat amounts to about 3.8 million hectares, well below the 6.5 million hectares planted in 2021; overall, the area sown with the 2023 winter cereal crops is estimated to be 40 percent below the average level; despite decreased cereal production, food availability at the national level is reported to be adequate, but access remains a major challenge; the country had already been experiencing elevated levels of food price inflation in the past, due to the economic impact of the conflict in eastern parts of the country; according to the 2023 Humanitarian Needs Overview, at least 17.6 million people are estimated to be in need of multi-sectoral humanitarian assistance in 2023 due to the war, including over 11 million in need of food security and livelihood interventions (2023)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0.34% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.42% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "widespread lack of access": { - "text": "due to conflict - planting of 2023 winter crops was completed by mid‑November 2022 and crops are currently in winter dormancy phase; the area sown with wheat amounts to about 3.8 million hectares, well below the 6.5 million hectares planted in 2021; overall, the area sown with the 2023 winter cereal crops is estimated to be 40 percent below the average level; despite decreased cereal production, food availability at the national level is reported to be adequate, but access remains a major challenge; the country had already been experiencing elevated levels of food price inflation in the past, due to the economic impact of the conflict in eastern parts of the country; according to the 2023 Humanitarian Needs Overview, at least 17.6 million people are estimated to be in need of multi-sectoral humanitarian assistance in 2023 due to the war, including over 11 million in need of food security and livelihood interventions (2023)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "18.29 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "202.25 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "63.37 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/europe/vt.json b/europe/vt.json index 69193bbb..aacb528a 100644 --- a/europe/vt.json +++ b/europe/vt.json @@ -209,11 +209,6 @@ "text": "Air Pollution, Environmental Modification" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)" }, @@ -233,6 +228,11 @@ "text": "0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Air pollutants": { + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Total renewable water resources": { "text": "0 cubic meters (2017 est.)" } @@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ }, "Constitution": { "history": { - "text": "previous 1929, 1963; latest promulgated November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, the main governing document of the Vatican's civil entities); the Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus – the departments and ministries – used by the pontiff in governing the church; note - Pope Francis in October 2013, instituted a 9-member Council of Cardinal Advisers to reform the Roman Curia to include writing a new constitution; in June 2018, Pope Francis approved the Council of Cardinals' first draft of the new constitution, Predicatae Evangelium (Preach the Gospel); it became effective 5 June 2022, replacing Pastor Bonus, the previous governing document of the Roman Curia" + "text": "previous 1929, 1963; latest promulgated November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, the main governing document of the Vatican's civil entities); the Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus – the departments and ministries – used by the pontiff in governing the church; note - Pope Francis in October 2013, instituted a 9-member Council of Cardinal Advisers to reform the Roman Curia to include writing a new constitution; in June 2018, Pope Francis approved the Council of Cardinals' first draft of the new apostolic constitution, Predicate Evangelium (Preach the Gospel); it became effective 5 June 2022, replacing Pastor Bonus, the previous governing document of the Roman Curia" }, "amendments": { "text": "note - although the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State makes no mention of amendments, Article Four (drafting laws), states that this legislative responsibility resides with the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State; draft legislation is submitted through the Secretariat of State and considered by the pope" diff --git a/middle-east/ae.json b/middle-east/ae.json index 59bf4d6b..25f0b277 100644 --- a/middle-east/ae.json +++ b/middle-east/ae.json @@ -375,17 +375,6 @@ "text": "Law of the Sea" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "39.44 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "206.32 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "56.55 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "desert; cooler in eastern mountains" }, @@ -423,6 +412,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "39.44 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "206.32 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "56.55 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "5,413,453 tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1186,11 +1186,11 @@ "note": "note 1: compulsory service may be completed in the uniformed military, the Ministry of Interior, or other security institutions designated by the military leadership

note 2: the UAE military employs a considerable number—estimates range from a low of about 30% to as much as 70% of the force—of foreign personnel on contract; the UAE has also hired foreign mercenaries for some operations during its intervention in Yemen" }, "Military deployments": { - "text": "estimates vary; reportedly a few hundred remain in Yemen; has maintained some troops at military bases in Eritrea and Somalia (Somaliland) (2022)", + "text": "continues to maintain a small force in Yemen; also maintains some troops at military bases in Eritrea and Somalia (Somaliland) (2023)", "note": "note: in 2015, UAE intervened militarily in Yemen as part of the Saudi-led coalition in support of the Republic of Yemen Government with an estimated 3,500 troops, as well as supporting air and naval forces; UAE withdrew its main military force from Yemen in 2019, but has retained a small military presence while working with proxies in southern Yemen, most notably the Southern Transitional Council (STC)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the UAE hosts a multi-service French military base, which includes the French naval command for the Indian Ocean (ALINDIEN); the UAE has a defense cooperation agreement with the US and hosts about 3,500 US troops, mostly air and naval personnel

the UAE's military traces its origins to the establishment of the Trucial Oman Scouts in 1951, a joint UK-Abu Dhabi organization modeled after Jordan’s Arab Legion, which became the Abu Dhabi Defense Force in 1965; the modern Emirati armed forces were formed in 1976 (2023)" + "text": "the UAE Armed Forces (UAEAF) are responsible for external defense and supporting the UAE’s foreign policy objectives; the military’s primary concerns include terrorism, regional instability, particularly in neighboring Yemen, and Iran, including a territorial dispute over 3 islands in the Strait of Hormuz and Iranian support to proxy forces in the region; in recent years, the UAE has undertaken a large military modernization program to go along with an assertive security policy which has included military interventions in Libya, Syria, and Yemen, as well as peacekeeping missions in Afghanistan and Somalia; the UAEAF has organized, trained, and equipped tens of thousands of militia forces in Yemen and offered training and equipment to several countries in Africa; the UAE also hosts the region’s first military school for women, which has trained female peacekeepers for deployment in Africa and Asia

the UAE has strong security ties to France and the US; it hosts a multi-service French military base, which includes the French naval command for the Indian Ocean (ALINDIEN); the UAE has a defense cooperation agreement with the US and hosts about 3,500 US troops, mostly air and naval personnel; it also has defense ties with a variety of other countries, including Australia, China, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Malaysia, South Korea, and the UK, as well as fellow members of the Gulf Cooperation Council, particularly Saudi Arabia, and NATO

the UAEAF traces its origins to the establishment of the Trucial Oman Scouts in 1951, a joint UK-Abu Dhabi organization modeled after Jordan’s Arab Legion, which became the Abu Dhabi Defense Force in 1965; the modern UAEAF were formed in 1976; today, the UAE’s military is considered to be one of the best-trained and most capable forces in the Persian Gulf region; the Land Forces have approximately 5 brigades of armored, light infantry, and mechanized forces, plus supporting artillery units; the Presidential Guard, considered the elite of the Land Forces, has a mechanized brigade and a special operations command; the Air Forces and the Joint Aviation Command together have nearly 150 French- and US-made combat aircraft with more advanced US multipurpose fighters on order; the Navy’s principal warships include nearly 15 corvettes and offshore patrol vessels, also with more on order (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/middle-east/aj.json b/middle-east/aj.json index 8f8ac3a6..ff6af59c 100644 --- a/middle-east/aj.json +++ b/middle-east/aj.json @@ -388,17 +388,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "18.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "37.62 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "44.87 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "dry, semiarid steppe" }, @@ -437,6 +426,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "18.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "37.62 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "44.87 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "2,930,349 tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1175,7 +1175,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Azerbaijan Armed Forces: Land Forces (Combined Arms Army), Air Forces, Navy Forces; Ministry of Internal Affairs: State Border Service (includes Coast Guard), Internal Security Troops (2022)" + "text": "Azerbaijan Armed Forces: Land Forces (Combined Arms Army), Air Forces, Navy Forces; Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Troops, local police forces; State Border Service; Special State Protection Service (SSPS): National Guard (2023)", + "note": "note: the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the State Security Service (intelligence, counterterrorism) are responsible for internal security; the SSPS is under the president and provides protective services to senior officials, foreign missions, significant state assets, government buildings, etc; the National Guard also serves as a reserve for the Army" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2022": { @@ -1198,7 +1199,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 65,000 active armed forces (55,000 Army; 2,000 Navy; 8,000 Air Force); approximately 15,000 Ministry of Internal Affairs troops (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military's inventory is comprised mostly of Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems with a small mix of equipment from other countries, including Israel and Turkey (2022)" + "text": "the military's inventory is comprised mostly of Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems with a small mix of equipment from other countries, including Israel and Turkey (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-25 years of age for compulsory military service for men; 17-35 years of age for voluntary service for men and women (2023)", diff --git a/middle-east/am.json b/middle-east/am.json index 88bbd2c7..eb6f222a 100644 --- a/middle-east/am.json +++ b/middle-east/am.json @@ -394,17 +394,6 @@ "text": "Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "30.48 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "5.16 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "2.91 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "highland continental, hot summers, cold winters" }, @@ -442,6 +431,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "30.48 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "5.16 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "2.91 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "492,800 tons (2014 est.)" @@ -1145,7 +1145,8 @@ }, "Military and Security": { "Military and security forces": { - "text": "Armenian Armed Forces: Armenian Army (includes land, air, air defense forces) (2022)" + "text": "Armenian Republic Armed Forces: Armenian Army (includes land, air, air defense forces) (2023)", + "note": "note: the Police of the Republic of Armenia is responsible for internal security, while the National Security Service is responsible for national security, intelligence activities, and border control" }, "Military expenditures": { "Military Expenditures 2022": { @@ -1168,11 +1169,11 @@ "text": "approximately 45,000 active troops (42,000 ground; 3,000 air/defense) (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military's inventory includes mostly Russian and Soviet-era equipment (2022)" + "text": "the military's inventory includes mostly Russian and Soviet-era equipment (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-27 for voluntary/contract (men and women) or compulsory (men) military service; contract military service is 3-12 months or 3 or 5 years; conscripts serve 24 months; men under the age of 36, who have not previously served as contract servicemen and are registered in the reserve, as well as women, regardless of whether they are registered in the reserve can be enrolled in contractual military service; all citizens aged 27 to 50 are registered in the military reserve and may be called to serve if mobilization is declared (2023)", - "note": "note: as of 2021, conscripts comprised about half of the military's active personnel; as of 2018, women made up about 13% of the active duty military" + "note": "note: as of 2021, conscripts comprised about half of the military's active personnel; as of 2018, women made up about 13% of the active duty military; the Armenian Army established its first all-women combat unit in 2020" }, "Military - note": { "text": "since November 2020, Russia has deployed about 2,000 peacekeeping troops to the area in and around Nagorno-Karabakh as part of a cease-fire agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan; fighting erupted between the two countries over the Nagorno-Karabakh region in September of 2020; Nagorno-Karabakh lies within Azerbaijan but has been under control of ethnic Armenian forces (the \"Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army\") backed by Armenia since a separatist war there ended in 1994; six weeks of fighting resulted in about 6,500 deaths and ended after Armenia ceded swaths of Nagorno-Karabakh territory; tensions remained high into 2023, and both sides have accused the other of provocations since the fighting ended; Armenia has accused Azerbaijani forces of a series of border intrusions and of seizing pockets of territory 

Armenia has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and contributes troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force (2023)" diff --git a/middle-east/ba.json b/middle-east/ba.json index cd2eab41..92d95dca 100644 --- a/middle-east/ba.json +++ b/middle-east/ba.json @@ -378,17 +378,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "69.04 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "31.69 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "15.47 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers" }, @@ -426,6 +415,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "69.04 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "31.69 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "15.47 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "951,943 tons (2016 est.)" @@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 10,000 active personnel (7,500 Army; 1,000 Navy; 1,500 Air Force); approximately 3,000 National Guard (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the Bahrain Defense force consists of a mix of equipment acquired from a wide variety of suppliers; in recent years, the US has been the leading supplier of arms to Bahrain (2022)" + "text": "the military's inventory consists of a mix of equipment acquired from a wide variety of suppliers; in recent years, the US has been the leading supplier of arms to Bahrain (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; 15 years of age for non-commissioned officers, technicians, and cadets; no conscription (2022)", diff --git a/middle-east/gg.json b/middle-east/gg.json index 931f14e4..ff368ed1 100644 --- a/middle-east/gg.json +++ b/middle-east/gg.json @@ -397,17 +397,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "21.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "10.13 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "6.05 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast" }, @@ -446,6 +435,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.01% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "21.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "10.13 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "6.05 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "800,000 tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/middle-east/gz.json b/middle-east/gz.json index 965f1da7..f08d9d62 100644 --- a/middle-east/gz.json +++ b/middle-east/gz.json @@ -335,12 +335,6 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "soil degradation; desertification; water pollution from chemicals and pesticides; salination of fresh water; improper sewage treatment; water-borne disease; depletion and contamination of underground water resources" }, - "Air pollutants": { - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "3.23 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data represent combined total from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank." - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers" }, @@ -356,6 +350,12 @@ "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "3.23 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data represent combined total from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank." + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1.387 million tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/middle-east/ir.json b/middle-east/ir.json index 0c96ed00..62314697 100644 --- a/middle-east/ir.json +++ b/middle-east/ir.json @@ -405,17 +405,6 @@ "text": "Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "35.09 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "661.71 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "158.71 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast" }, @@ -453,6 +442,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.01% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "35.09 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "661.71 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "158.71 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "17.885 million tons (2017 est.)" @@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ "note": "note: Iran has recruited, trained, and funded thousands of Syrian and foreign fighters to support the ASAD regime during the Syrian civil war" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) was formed in May 1979 in the immediate aftermath of Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI’s fall, as leftists, nationalists, and Islamists jockeyed for power; while the interim prime minister controlled the government and state institutions, such as the Army, followers of Ayatollah Ruhollah KHOMEINI organized counterweights, including the IRGC, to protect the Islamic revolution; the IRGC’s command structure bypassed the elected president and went directly to KHOMEINI; the IRGC played a critical role in helping KHOMEINI consolidate power in the aftermath of the 1979 revolution, and it ensured that KHOMEINI's Islamic revolutionary vision prevailed against domestic challenges from nationalists and leftist factions in the scramble for control after the Shah's departure; the Iran-Iraq War (1980–88) transformed the IRGC into more of a conventional fighting force with its own ground, air, naval, and special forces, plus control over Iran’s strategic missile and rocket forces; today, the IRGC is a highly institutionalized and parallel military force to Iran’s regular armed forces (Artesh); it is heavily involved in internal security and has significant influence in the political and economic spheres of Iranian society, as well as Iran’s foreign policy; on the economic front, it owns factories and corporations and subsidiaries in banking, infrastructure, housing, airlines, tourism and other sectors; its special operations forces, known as the Qods/Quds Force, specialize in foreign missions and have provided advice, funding, guidance, material support, training, and weapons to militants in countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, and Yemen, as well as extremist groups, including HAMAS, Hizballah, Kata’ib Hizballah, and Palestine Islamic Jihad (see Appendix T for additional details on the IRGC and Qods Force); the Qods Force also conducts intelligence and reconnaissance operations 

the Supreme Council for National Security (SCNS) is the senior-most body for formulating Iran’s foreign and security policy; it is formally chaired by the president, who also appoints the SCNS secretary; its members include the speaker of the Majles, the head of the judiciary, the chief of the Armed Forces General Staff (chief of defense or CHOD), the commanders of the Artesh (regular forces) and IRGC, and the ministers of defense, foreign affairs, interior, and intelligence; the SCNS reports to the supreme leader; the supreme leader is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces (2023)" + "text": "the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) was formed in May 1979 in the immediate aftermath of Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI’s fall, as leftists, nationalists, and Islamists jockeyed for power; while the interim prime minister controlled the government and state institutions, such as the Army, followers of Ayatollah Ruhollah KHOMEINI organized counterweights, including the IRGC, to protect the Islamic revolution; the IRGC’s command structure bypassed the elected president and went directly to KHOMEINI; the IRGC played a critical role in helping KHOMEINI consolidate power in the aftermath of the 1979 revolution, and it ensured that KHOMEINI's Islamic revolutionary vision prevailed against domestic challenges from nationalists and leftist factions in the scramble for control after the Shah's departure; the Iran-Iraq War (1980–88) transformed the IRGC into more of a conventional fighting force with its own ground, air, naval, and special forces, plus control over Iran’s strategic missile and rocket forces; today, the IRGC is a highly institutionalized and parallel military force to Iran’s regular armed forces (Artesh); it is heavily involved in internal security and has significant influence in the political and economic spheres of Iranian society, as well as Iran’s foreign policy; on the economic front, it owns factories and corporations and subsidiaries in banking, infrastructure, housing, airlines, tourism and other sectors; its special operations forces, known as the Qods/Quds Force, specialize in foreign missions and have provided advice, funding, guidance, material support, training, and weapons to militants in countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, and Yemen, as well as extremist groups, including HAMAS, Hizballah, Kata’ib Hizballah, and Palestine Islamic Jihad (see Appendix T for additional details on the IRGC and Qods Force); the Qods Force also conducts intelligence and reconnaissance operations 

the Supreme Council for National Security (SCNS) is the senior-most body for formulating Iran’s foreign and security policy; it is formally chaired by the president, who also appoints the SCNS secretary; its members include the speaker of the Majles, the head of the judiciary, the chief of the Armed Forces General Staff (chief of defense or CHOD), the commanders of the Artesh (regular forces) and IRGC, and the ministers of defense, foreign affairs, interior, and intelligence; the SCNS reports to the supreme leader; the supreme leader is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces

the Iranian Armed Forces are divided between the regular forces (Artesh) and the IRGC; the Artesh primarily focuses on defending Iran’s borders and territorial waters from external threats, while the IRGC has a broader mission to defend the Iranian revolution from any foreign or domestic threat; in 1989, Iran established the Armed Forces General Staff to coordinate military action across both the Artesh and the IRGC; Iran also has a joint military headquarters, the Khatam ol-Anbia Central Headquarters, to command the Artesh and IRGC in wartime

the Artesh Ground Force consists of about 50 combat brigades, mostly infantry with a sizable contingent of airborne, armored, commando, mechanized, and special operations forces; most units are concentrated along the Iran-Iraq border, reflecting the force’s primary mission to defend against foreign invasion; the IRGC Ground Force is organized into 31 provincial corps and a Tehran city corps, which are postured to counter internal unrest and a ground invasion; the corps have a broad mix of armored, infantry, mechanized, and commando units; the IRGC’s special operations forces are known as the Qods Force; the IRGC controls the Basij Paramilitary Forces, which are also organized into provincial corps with mobile/rapid-reaction, security, infantry, and commando battalions

the Artesh Navy is considered Iran’s “blue water” navy and has the primary mission of defending Iranian territorial waters and protecting the country’s economic interests in the Caspian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and beyond; it has approximately 10 frigates and corvettes, plus a small force of attack and midget submarines (note - Iran is the only Persian Gulf nation with a submarine force); the IRGC Navy is tasked with protecting primarily the Iranian littoral waters in the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz and employs a force of mostly small, fast attack vessels armed with a variety of weapons systems including anti-ship missiles 

Iran’s air and air defense capabilities are split primarily across three services: the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force (IRIAF) and the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force (IRIADF), both under the Artesh, and the IRGC Aerospace Force (IRGCASF); the IRIAF operates the majority of Iran’s combat aircraft and has more than 200 such aircraft, a considerable portion of which are older US models acquired before the 1979 revolution; the remainder includes older Chinese-, French-, and Russian-produced aircraft; the IRIADF controls the country’s surface-to-air missile capabilities; the IRGCASF operates some ground attack aircraft and most of Iran’s unmanned aerial vehicles; it also controls Iran’s cruise and ballistic missile force (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "

the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-003 - Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, Bab al Mandeb Strait, Red Sea, and Somali Basin-Threats to Commercial Vessels) effective 23 February 2023, which states in part that \"Regional conflict, military activity, and political tensions pose threats to commercial vessels operating in the above listed geographic areas;\" Coalition Task Force (CTF) Sentinel has been established to provide escorts for commercial shipping transiting the Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, and Gulf of Oman

" diff --git a/middle-east/is.json b/middle-east/is.json index 3d97018e..5d3b4a4a 100644 --- a/middle-east/is.json +++ b/middle-east/is.json @@ -389,17 +389,6 @@ "text": "Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "19.46 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "65.17 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "13.02 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas" }, @@ -437,6 +426,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "19.46 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "65.17 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "13.02 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "5.4 million tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1230,7 +1230,7 @@ "note": "note 1: women have served in the Israeli military since its establishment in 1948; as of 2021, women made up about 35% of IDF personnel; more than 90% of military specialties, including combat specialties, were open to women and more than 3,000 women were serving in combat units; the IDF's first mixed-gender infantry unit, the Caracal Battalion, was established in 2004

note 2: conscripts comprise about 70% of the IDF active-duty ground forces

note 3: the IDF recruits non-Israeli Jews and non-Jews with a minimum of one Jewish grandparent, as well as converts to Judaism; each year the IDF brings in about 800-1,000 foreign recruits from around the world" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) has operated in the Golan between Israel and Syria since 1974 to monitor the ceasefire following the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and supervise the areas of separation between the two countries; UNDOF consists of about 1,000 military personnel

since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011, Israel has routinely carried out air strikes in Syria targeting Iranian, Iranian-backed militia and Hizballah forces, and some Syrian Government military positions; over the same period, the IDF has carried out numerous strikes against Hizballah in Lebanon in response to attacks on Israeli territory; Israel fought a month-long war in Lebanon with Hizballah in 2006 (see Appendix T for details on Hizballah)

the IDF also conducts frequent operations against the HAMAS and Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) terrorist groups operating out of the Gaza Strip; since seizing control of the Gaza Strip in 2007, HAMAS has claimed responsibility for numerous rocket attacks into Israel and organized protests at the border between Gaza and Israel, resulting in violent clashes, casualties, and reprisal military actions by the IDF; HAMAS and Israel fought an 11-day conflict in May of 2021, which ended in an informal truce; sporadic clashes continued into 2022, including incendiary balloon attacks from Palestinian territory and retaliatory IDF strikes; PIJ has conducted numerous attacks on Israel since the 1980s, including a barrage of mortar and rocket strikes in February 2020 (see Appendix-T for more details on HAMAS and Palestine Islamic Jihad)

Israel has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2023)" + "text": "the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) has operated in the Golan between Israel and Syria since 1974 to monitor the ceasefire following the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and supervise the areas of separation between the two countries; UNDOF consists of about 1,000 military personnel

the IDF is responsible for external defense but also has some domestic security responsibilities; its primary operational focuses include the threat posed by Iran, instability in Syria, and terrorist organizations, including HAMAS and Hizballah, both of which are backed by Iran, Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ), and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham; it has considerable experience in conventional and unconventional warfare; since the country’s founding in 1948, the IDF has been in conflicts against one or more of its Arab neighbors in 1948-49, 1956, 1967, 1967-70 (“War of Attrition”), 1973, 1982, and 2006; it bombed nuclear sites in Iraq in 1981 and Syria in 2007, and since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011, has conducted numerous air strikes in Syria against Iranian, Iranian-backed militia, and Hizballah forces, and Syrian Government targets; over the same period, the IDF has carried out strikes against Hizballah in Lebanon in response to attacks on Israeli territory; these strikes followed an Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 2006, also to suppress Hizballah attacks; the IDF has conducted operations against HAMAS and PIJ, which operate out of the Gaza Strip and have launched numerous rocket attacks against Israel; HAMAS and Israel fought an 11-day conflict in 2021, which ended in an informal truce, although sporadic clashes continue; the IDF also has conducted security operations against Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied territories of East Jerusalem and the West Bank

since its creation from armed Jewish militias in the midst of the First Arab-Israeli War in 1948-49, the IDF, particularly the Ground Force, has been guided by a requirement to rapidly mobilize and defend the country’s territory from numerically superior neighboring countries; the Ground Force has a relatively small active combat force of approximately 10 armored, mechanized infantry, paratrooper, and commandos/special forces brigades, plus an artillery corps, that is backed up by a large force of trained reserves—more than 400,000 personnel—that can be mobilized rapidly into dozens of combat brigades; the Ground Force also controls Israel’s ballistic missile force; the Air Force has approximately 250 modern US-made combat aircraft, as well as one of the world’s most advanced theater missile defense systems; the Navy is largely a coastal defense force with a small but growing and largely modern inventory; its primary surface warships are 7 German- and US-built corvettes, supplemented by a small flotilla of missile attack vessels and 6 German-made attack submarines

Israel’s primary security partner is the US; consistent with a 10-year (2019-2028) Memorandum of Understanding, the US annually provides over $3 billion in military financing and cooperative military programs, such as missile defense; the US also provides Israel access to US-produced military weapons systems including advanced fighter aircraft; Israel has Major Non-NATO Ally status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/middle-east/iz.json b/middle-east/iz.json index 5a6e8b26..4703fa79 100644 --- a/middle-east/iz.json +++ b/middle-east/iz.json @@ -398,17 +398,6 @@ "text": "Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Environmental Modification" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "57.73 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "190.06 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "17.44 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq" }, @@ -440,15 +429,26 @@ "text": "2.91% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to civil conflict and economic slowdown - the 2022 Humanitarian Needs Overview identified 2.5 million people in need of humanitarian assistance, of which 960,000 have acute humanitarian needs; while the number of people in need remained similar to the previous year, the severity of those needs increased, largely due to the impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic on top of an existing humanitarian crisis, leading to a 35% increase in the number of people in acute need; more than half of these are concentrated in the governorates of Nineveh and Anbar; the number of severely food insecure people is estimated at about 435,000, while 731,000 are vulnerable to food insecurity (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to civil conflict and economic slowdown - the 2022 Humanitarian Needs Overview identified 2.5 million people in need of humanitarian assistance, of which 960,000 have acute humanitarian needs; while the number of people in need remained similar to the previous year, the severity of those needs increased, largely due to the impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic on top of an existing humanitarian crisis, leading to a 35% increase in the number of people in acute need; more than half of these are concentrated in the governorates of Nineveh and Anbar; the number of severely food insecure people is estimated at about 435,000, while 731,000 are vulnerable to food insecurity (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "57.73 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "190.06 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "17.44 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Salwin SINJAREE (since 25 July 2022)" + "text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Salwan Rasheed Anjo ANJO (since 27 June 2022)" }, "chancery": { "text": "3421 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007" diff --git a/middle-east/jo.json b/middle-east/jo.json index 2b8dc9e5..7099d520 100644 --- a/middle-east/jo.json +++ b/middle-east/jo.json @@ -402,17 +402,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "32.09 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "25.11 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "6.04 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)" }, @@ -450,6 +439,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "32.09 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "25.11 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "6.04 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "2,529,997 tons (2013 est.)" @@ -1230,7 +1230,7 @@ "text": "330 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Jordanian military traces its origins back to the Arab Legion, which was formed under the British protectorate of Transjordan in the 1920s

due largely to its proximity to regional conflicts in Iraq and Syria, the presence of major terrorist organizations in both of those countries, and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the highest priorities of Jordan’s military and security services in 2022 included securing its borders and the potential for domestic terrorist attacks; the terrorist group Hizballah and Iranian-backed militia forces were operating in southwestern Syria near Jordan’s border while fighters from the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group continued operating in both Iraq and Syria; ISIS fighters included Jordanian nationals, some of whom have returned to Jordan; meanwhile, individuals and groups sympathetic to Palestine have planned and conducted terrorist attacks in Jordan

Jordan has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation

Jordan signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1994 (2022)" + "text": "the JAF traces its origins back to the Arab Legion, which was formed under the British protectorate of Transjordan in the 1920s; it is responsible for territorial defense and border security, but also has a supporting role for internal security; the JAF’s primary concerns are terrorist and criminal threats emanating from its 230-mile border with Syria and 112-mile border with Iraq, as well as the potential impact of Israeli-Palestinian tensions; the terrorist group Hizballah and Iranian-backed militia forces operate in southwestern Syria near Jordan’s border while fighters from the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group continue to operate in both Iraq and Syria; ISIS fighters have included Jordanian nationals, some of whom have returned to Jordan; meanwhile, individuals and groups sympathetic to Palestine have planned and conducted terrorist attacks in Jordan

the JAF is a professional military that trains regularly and participates in both bilateral and multinational exercises; in recent years, it has taken part in regional military operations alongside allied forces in Afghanistan, Syria, and Yemen; it also participates in UN peacekeeping missions; the Army is organized and equipped for a mobile territorial defense against conventional threats and rapid responses to unconventional threats such as terrorism; border security forces are backed up by approximately 10 mechanized or armored brigades, plus a rapid reaction/high readiness airborne/ranger brigade; the Army also has a well-regarded special operations/counterterrorism group, and Jordan hosts an international special operations training center; the Air Force maintains about 50 US-made multirole fighter aircraft and approximately 50 attack helicopters; the Coast Guard has a small force of fast, gun- or missile-armed patrol craft for monitoring Jordan’s coastline on the Gulf of Aqaba

the US is a key security partner, and Jordan is one of the largest recipients of US military aid in the region; it cooperates with the US on a number of issues, including border and maritime security, arms transfers, cybersecurity, and counterterrorism; Jordan has Major Non-NATO Ally status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/middle-east/ku.json b/middle-east/ku.json index f7e51440..bb77e375 100644 --- a/middle-east/ku.json +++ b/middle-east/ku.json @@ -382,17 +382,6 @@ "text": "Marine Dumping-London Convention" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "57.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "98.73 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "6.21 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters" }, @@ -430,6 +419,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "57.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "98.73 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "6.21 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1.75 million tons (2010 est.)" @@ -1173,7 +1173,7 @@ "note": "note: the National Guard is restricted to citizens, but in 2018, the Army began allowing non-Kuwaitis to join on contract or as non-commissioned officers; that same year, it also began allowing stateless people (Bidoon) to join" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Kuwait's key security partner since the 1991 Gulf War has been the US; the US has approximately 13,500 military personnel as well as logistics and training facilities in Kuwait as part of a 1991 Defense Cooperation Agreement and a 2013 Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement; only Germany, Japan, and South Korea host more US forces than Kuwait does; the KAF conducts bilateral exercises with the US military; Kuwait also has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2023)" + "text": "the Kuwaiti Armed Forces (KAF) are responsible for external defense; the independent National Guard is responsible for protecting critical infrastructure and providing support for the Ministries of Interior and Defense as required; the National Guard and the Ministry of Interior are the Kuwaiti Government’s lead counterterrorism organizations; Kuwait’s primary security concerns are potential threats emanating from Iran, including regional militias loyal to Iran, and Islamic terrorist groups

the KAF is a professional military that participates in bilateral and multilateral exercises, as well as a limited number of multinational security operations such as maritime patrols in the Persian Gulf; it also provided a few fighter aircraft to the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen in 2015; the KAF is part of the military arm of the Gulf Cooperation Council; the Land Forces have approximately 6 small armored or mechanized brigades, plus the separate Emiri Guard and Commando brigades; the National Guard, which would support the Land Forces in a conflict, is comprised of a mix of security, light armored, and special forces battalions; the Air Force has less than 50 combat aircraft, while the Navy and Coast Guard operate a small force of missile-armed patrol craft and patrol boats
 
Kuwait's key security partner since the 1991 Gulf War has been the US; the US has approximately 13,000 military personnel as well as logistics and training facilities in Kuwait as part of a 1991 Defense Cooperation Agreement and a 2013 Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement; the KAF conducts bilateral exercises with the US military and would look to US assistance in the event of an external attack; Kuwait has Major Non-NATO Ally status with the US, a designation under US law that provides (2023)" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/middle-east/le.json b/middle-east/le.json index 64491e94..950408a3 100644 --- a/middle-east/le.json +++ b/middle-east/le.json @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ "text": "Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian" }, "major-language sample(s)": { - "text": "
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." + "text": "
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." } }, "Religions": { @@ -384,17 +384,6 @@ "text": "Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "30.67 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "24.8 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "3.37 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; the Lebanon Mountains experience heavy winter snows" }, @@ -426,15 +415,26 @@ "text": "-1.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "widespread lack of access": { + "text": "due to the ongoing financial and economic crisis - in September 2021, the United Nations estimated that, taking into account multiple factors other than income, such as access to health, education and public utilities, 82% of the population lives in multidimensional poverty in 2021, up from 42% in 2019 (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "widespread lack of access": { - "text": "due to the ongoing financial and economic crisis - in September 2021, the United Nations estimated that, taking into account multiple factors other than income, such as access to health, education and public utilities, 82% of the population lives in multidimensional poverty in 2021, up from 42% in 2019 (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "30.67 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "24.8 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "3.37 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -1213,7 +1213,7 @@ "note": "note: women were allowed to volunteer for military service in the 1980s; as of 2020, they comprised about 5% of the active duty military" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Lebanese military faces a financial crisis as government debt and national economic difficulties undercut its ability to fully pay and supply personnel, which has sparked domestic and international fears that the armed forces may disintegrate; the military also faces other challenges, including infiltrations of militants linked to the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) and maintaining stability along its volatile border with Israel, where the Iranian-backed and Lebanon-based terrorist group Hizballah conducted a war with Israel in 2006 and tensions remain high, including occasional armed skirmishes

the United Nations Interim Force In Lebanon (UNIFIL) has operated in the country since 1978, originally under UNSCRs 425 and 426 to confirm Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon, restore international peace and security, and assist the Lebanese Government in restoring its effective authority in the area; following the July-August 2006 war, the UN Security Council adopted resolution 1701 enhancing UNIFIL and deciding that in addition to the original mandate, it would, among other things, monitor the cessation of hostilities, support the Lebanese Armed Forces as they deployed throughout the south of Lebanon, and provide assistance for humanitarian access for civilians and the return of displaced persons; UNIFIL had approximately 9,500 military personnel deployed in the country as of early 2023; UNIFIL includes a maritime task force; in 2022, Israel and Lebanese officials agreed on a common demarcation of their maritime border after US mediation (2023)" + "text": "the LAF’s primary responsibilities are defense against external attack, border security, protecting the country’s territorial waters, and assisting with internal security and development projects; on Lebanon’s eastern and northern borders with Syria, the LAF has conducted operations to prevent or eliminate infiltrations of militants linked to the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) and al-Qa’ida terrorist groups since the start of the Syrian civil war in 2011; in the south, its focus is on maintaining stability along its volatile border with Israel where the LAF and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) are separated by the Blue Line, a demarcation line established by the UN in 2000 following the withdrawal of the IDF, which had occupied southern Lebanon since invading in 1982; since the line’s establishment, the LAF and IDF have had periodic clashes, and IDF aircraft have routinely entered Lebanese air space; the Iranian-backed terrorist group Hizballah is based in south Lebanon and acts as a militia alongside the LAF; it has launched periodic cross-border attacks on Israel and threatened additional attacks, while the IDF has conducted air strikes on Hizballah positions and in 2006 launched a ground invasion into southern Lebanon to suppress the group; in 2022, Israeli and Lebanese officials agreed on a common demarcation of their maritime border after US mediation

the LAF’s domestic security responsibilities include countering narcotics trafficking and smuggling, managing protests, conducting search and rescue, and intervening to prevent violence between rival political factions; in recent years, the military has faced a financial crisis as government debt and national economic difficulties have undercut its ability to train and fully pay and supply personnel, which has sparked domestic and international fears that the armed forces may disintegrate; the UN, as well as countries such as France and the US have provided financial assistance 

the Army has about 12 infantry brigades (including a presidential guard brigade) that are supplemented by independent armored, artillery, border security, and “intervention” infantry regiments, as well as a special operations force comprised of airborne, marine commando, and ranger regiments that are regarded as the LAF’s elite units; the Air Force has a small inventory of aging combat aircraft and helicopters, while the Navy operates a mix of patrol craft and patrol boats

the United Nations Interim Force In Lebanon (UNIFIL) has operated in the country since 1978, originally under UNSCRs 425 and 426 to confirm Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon, restore international peace and security, and assist the Lebanese Government in restoring its effective authority in the area; following the July-August 2006 war, the UN Security Council adopted resolution 1701 enhancing UNIFIL and deciding that in addition to the original mandate, it would, among other things, monitor the cessation of hostilities, support the Lebanese Armed Forces as they deployed throughout the south of Lebanon, and provide assistance for humanitarian access for civilians and the return of displaced persons; UNIFIL had approximately 9,500 military personnel deployed in the country as of early 2023; UNIFIL includes a maritime task force (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/middle-east/mu.json b/middle-east/mu.json index 86aeb039..d8432bd2 100644 --- a/middle-east/mu.json +++ b/middle-east/mu.json @@ -385,17 +385,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "38.25 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "63.46 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "5.6 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south" }, @@ -433,6 +422,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "38.25 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "63.46 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "5.6 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1,734,885 tons (2014 est.)" @@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@ "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service (women have been allowed to serve since 2011); no conscription (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the SAF has a longstanding security relationship with the British military going back to the 18th century; as of 2022, the SAF and the British maintained a joint training base in Oman and exercised together regularly; in 2017, Oman and the British signed an agreement allowing the British military the use of facilities at Al Duqm Port; in 2019, the US obtained access to the port (2023)" + "text": "the SAF’s primary responsibility is external security; it is a small, but professional and well-equipped military that trains regularly, including with foreign partners such as the UK, US, and Gulf Cooperation Council countries; the SAF has a longstanding security relationship with the British military going back to the 18th century; the relationship was notable during the Dhofar Rebellion (1963-1976), when the British military provided considerable assistance to the SAF in their eventually successful counterinsurgency campaign; today, the SAF and the British maintain a joint training base in Oman and exercise together regularly; in 2017, Oman and the UK signed an agreement allowing the British military the use of facilities at Al Duqm Port; in 2019, the US obtained access to the port, expanding on previous military cooperation agreements in 2014, 2010, and 1980; Oman also allows other nations to use some of its maritime facilities, including China

the Omani Navy conducts maritime security operations along the country’s long coastline, including patrolling, ensuring freedom of navigation in the key naval chokepoint of the Strait of Hormuz, and countering piracy and smuggling; while Oman is not a member of the US-led, 34-member nation Combined Maritime Forces (CMF), which operates task forces to counter piracy and smuggling, the Omani Navy has at times participated in CMF-led joint exercises; the Navy is a small but relatively modern force; its principal warships include 5 corvettes and 4 offshore patrol vessels, which are supported by a number of small patrol and fast attack craft

the Royal Army was formed as the Muscat Garrison in 1907; today, it has an armored brigade equipped with American and British tanks, 2 brigades of infantry, and a border guard brigade, as well as an airborne regiment; the Royal Guard is comprised of an infantry brigade and 2 special forces regiments; the Air Force has about three dozen modern European- and US-made multipurpose fighter aircraft (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "

the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-003 - Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, Bab al Mandeb Strait, Red Sea, and Somali Basin-Threats to Commercial Vessels) effective 23 February 2023, which states in part that \"Regional conflict, military activity, and political tensions pose threats to commercial vessels operating in the above listed geographic areas\"; Coalition Task Force (CTF) Sentinel has been established to provide escorts for commercial shipping transiting the Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, and Gulf of Oman

" diff --git a/middle-east/qa.json b/middle-east/qa.json index 90607f17..9ea1731a 100644 --- a/middle-east/qa.json +++ b/middle-east/qa.json @@ -383,17 +383,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "90.35 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "103.26 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "8.34 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers" }, @@ -431,6 +420,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "90.35 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "103.26 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "8.34 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1,000,990 tons (2012 est.)" @@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ "note": "note 1: the military incorporates about 2,000 conscripts annually

note 2: Qatar recruits foreign contract soldiers to overcome manpower limitations; it is estimated that as much as 85% of the military is comprised of foreigners" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "Qatar hosts the regional headquarters for the US Central Command (CENTCOM; established 1983) and more than 8,000 US military forces at various military facilities, including the large Al Udeid Air Base; Qatar also hosts as many as 5,000 Turkish military forces at two bases established in 2014 and 2019

Qatar has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2023)" + "text": "the QAF is a small, but professional and trained force that is responsible for defense against external threats; following the downturn in ties with Bahrain, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE in the mid-2010s, the Qatari Government embarked on a major arms acquisition and modernization program to increase the QAF’s capabilities and regional standing; the Air Force has benefited the most, growing from an inventory of 12 older combat aircraft and a few fighter trainers in 2017 to a current inventory of about 60 modern multirole fighter aircraft from France, the UK, and the US; it is slated to grow to about 100 such aircraft by the mid-2020s; other aircraft acquisitions have included US attack helicopters; the Land Force has re-equipped its armored brigade and separate mechanized and artillery battalions with modern tanks, armored vehicles, and self-propelled artillery, mostly with purchases from Germany and Turkey; meanwhile, the Navy over the same period has received 4 corvettes and 4 offshore patrol vessels from Italy and Turkey

Qatar hosts the regional headquarters for the US Central Command (CENTCOM; established 1983) and more than 8,000 US military forces at various military facilities, including the large Al Udeid Air Base; it has Major Non-NATO Ally status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; Qatar also hosts thousands of Turkish military forces at two bases established in 2014 and 2019 (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/middle-east/sa.json b/middle-east/sa.json index 85e2f69a..bbdec9ed 100644 --- a/middle-east/sa.json +++ b/middle-east/sa.json @@ -388,17 +388,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "78.38 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "563.45 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "45.47 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes" }, @@ -436,6 +425,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "78.38 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "563.45 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "45.47 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "16,125,701 tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@ "text": "estimated 2,500-5,000 Yemen (varies depending on operations) (2022)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "in 2015, a Saudi-led coalition of Arab states intervened militarily in Yemen in support of the Republic of Yemen Government against the separatist Houthis; Saudi Arabia also has raised and equipped paramilitary/militia security forces in Yemen--based largely on tribal or regional affiliation--to deploy along the Saudi-Yemen border (2023)" + "text": "the Saudi Arabian Armed Forces (SAAF) are divided into the regular forces under the Ministry of Defense and the Saudi Arabian National Guard (SANG); the regular forces are responsible for territorial defense, although they can be called for domestic security duties if needed; they include land, naval, air, air defense, and strategic missile forces; the Land Forces have approximately 15 combat brigades which include a mix of armored, aviation, light infantry, mechanized or motorized infantry, royal guards, and airborne/special forces, plus separate battalions of artillery; the Naval Forces are undergoing a major acquisitions and modernization program; its principal warships are approximately 16 frigates and corvettes, with an additional 4 frigates on order; the Air Force is the largest and one of the most modern in the region, with over 350 combat aircraft from Europe and the US with more on order; the Strategic Missile Force manages Saudi Arabia’s ballistic missile inventory, largely acquired from China

the SANG is responsible for both internal security and external defense; its duties include protecting the royal family, guarding against military coups, defending strategic facilities and resources, and providing security for the cities of Mecca and Medina; the SANG is primarily comprised of tribal elements loyal to the Saud family and has at least 11 brigades of light infantry, mechanized/motorized infantry, and security forces; it is supplemented by combat helicopter units and tribal levies/militias known as Fowj

there are also large numbers of paramilitary forces under the Ministry of Interior, including Border Guards and the Facilities Security Force, as well as the Special Security Forces and Special Emergency Forces under the State Security Presidency

the US is Saudi Arabia’s closest security partner; the SAAF conducts bilateral exercises with the US military and hosts US forces; the US has participated in a cooperative program to equip and train the SANG since 1973; much of the equipment for both the regular forces and the SANG has been acquired from the US; Saudi Arabia also has defense relationships with China, France, India, the UK, and fellow Gulf Cooperation Council members

in 2015, Saudi Arabia led a military intervention into Yemen by a coalition of Arab states in support of the Republic of Yemen Government against the separatist Huthis; Saudi forces from both the Ministry of Defense and the SANG participated in combat operations in Yemen; Saudi Arabia also raised and equipped paramilitary/militia security forces in Yemen--based largely on tribal or regional affiliation--to deploy along the Saudi-Yemen border (2023)" } }, "Terrorism": { diff --git a/middle-east/sy.json b/middle-east/sy.json index 2b808f26..1cd757db 100644 --- a/middle-east/sy.json +++ b/middle-east/sy.json @@ -377,17 +377,6 @@ "text": "Environmental Modification" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "39.43 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "28.83 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "12.93 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus" }, @@ -424,6 +413,17 @@ "text": "due to civil conflict and economic crisis - the latest available nationwide food security assessment estimated that about 12 million people, 60% of the overall population, were food insecure in 2021, a slight decline from 12.4 million in 2020, but 5 million more than at the end of 2019, mostly due to constrained livelihood opportunities and a rapidly worsening economy (2022)" } }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "39.43 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "28.83 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "12.93 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "4.5 million tons (2009 est.)" diff --git a/middle-east/tu.json b/middle-east/tu.json index 44821764..475c82f5 100644 --- a/middle-east/tu.json +++ b/middle-east/tu.json @@ -403,17 +403,6 @@ "text": "Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Environmental Modification" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "41.97 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "372.72 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "57.53 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior" }, @@ -451,6 +440,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.05% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "41.97 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "372.72 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "57.53 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "31.283 million tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/middle-east/we.json b/middle-east/we.json index 8954735e..b7968de0 100644 --- a/middle-east/we.json +++ b/middle-east/we.json @@ -359,12 +359,6 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "adequacy of freshwater supply; sewage treatment" }, - "Air pollutants": { - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "3.23 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: data represent combined total from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank." - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters" }, @@ -401,6 +395,12 @@ "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "3.23 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: data represent combined total from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank." + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1.387 million tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/middle-east/ym.json b/middle-east/ym.json index 40ca0d74..cf743b60 100644 --- a/middle-east/ym.json +++ b/middle-east/ym.json @@ -392,17 +392,6 @@ "text": "Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "44.96 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "10.61 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "8.03 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east" }, @@ -434,15 +423,26 @@ "text": "3.71% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "widespread lack of access": { + "text": "due to conflict, poverty, floods, high food and fuel prices - the number of food insecure people was projected to increase by over 1 million to 17.4 million between January and May 2022, increasing to 19 million starting from June until the end of the year; economic conditions in the country remain dire; the conflict is further hampering the already constrained livelihood activities and humanitarian access; income earning opportunities have declined due to COVID‑19‑related business disruptions (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0.04% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "widespread lack of access": { - "text": "due to conflict, poverty, floods, high food and fuel prices - the number of food insecure people was projected to increase by over 1 million to 17.4 million between January and May 2022, increasing to 19 million starting from June until the end of the year; economic conditions in the country remain dire; the conflict is further hampering the already constrained livelihood activities and humanitarian access; income earning opportunities have declined due to COVID‑19‑related business disruptions (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "44.96 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "10.61 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "8.03 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@ "text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2001; 2-year service obligation (note - limited information since the start of the civil war in 2014) (2021)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "in 2015, a Saudi-led coalition of Arab states (UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Morocco, Sudan, Kuwait, Jordan and Egypt) intervened militarily in Yemen in support of the Republic of Yemen Government against the separatist Houthis; Saudi military forces conducted operations in Yemen and raised and equipped paramilitary/militia security forces in Yemen based largely on tribal or regional affiliation to deploy along the Saudi-Yemen border

UAE's 2015 intervention in Yemen included several thousand ground troops, as well as supporting air and naval forces; UAE withdrew its main military force from Yemen in 2019, but has retained a smaller military presence while working with proxies in southern Yemen, most notably the Southern Transitional Council (STC); UAE has recruited, trained, and equipped tens of thousands of Yemeni fighters and formed them into dozens of militia and paramilitary units

Iran has provided military and political support to the Houthis (2023)" + "text": "government forces under the Yemeni Ministry of Defense are responsible for territorial defense, but also have internal security functions; their main focus is on the Houthi rebels and protecting Yemen’s maritime borders, which are susceptible to smuggling of fighters, arms, and other material support for the Houthis and terrorist groups operating in Yemen, al-Qa’ida in the Arabian Peninsula and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in Yemen; they are organized into brigades of armored, border guard, infantry, mechanized, presidential protection, and special forces; the brigades vary significantly in size, structure, and capabilities; the Air Force has small numbers of mostly Soviet-era aircraft while the Navy and Coast Guard have a few patrol boats

in 2015, a Saudi-led coalition of Arab states (UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Morocco, Sudan, Kuwait, Jordan and Egypt) intervened militarily in Yemen in support of the Republic of Yemen Government against the separatist Houthis; Saudi military forces conducted operations in Yemen and raised and equipped paramilitary/militia security forces in Yemen based largely on tribal or regional affiliation to deploy along the Saudi-Yemen border; UAE's participation in 2015 included several thousand ground troops, as well as supporting air and naval forces; UAE withdrew its main military force from Yemen in 2019, but has retained a smaller military presence while working with proxies in southern Yemen, most notably the Southern Transitional Council (STC); UAE has recruited, trained, and equipped tens of thousands of Yemeni fighters and formed them into dozens of militia and paramilitary units

Houthi forces are organized into combat, presidential protection, special forces, and tribal/militia/paramilitary brigades and independent battalions; the Houthis also have UAV and missile units, as well as naval forces (mines, missiles, and some boats); Iran has provided military and political support to the Houthis (2023)" }, "Maritime threats": { "text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports a significant security risk to vessels transiting off Yemen and the Gulf of Aden due to the civil war in Yemen; vessels have been fired upon and approached, not piracy related; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2023-003 - Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, Bab al Mandeb Strait, Red Sea, and Somali Basin-Threats to Commercial Vessels) effective 23 February 2023, which states in part that \"Regional conflict, military activity, and political tensions pose threats to commercial vessels operating in the above listed geographic areas\"" diff --git a/north-america/bd.json b/north-america/bd.json index b2a8be50..0d121eca 100644 --- a/north-america/bd.json +++ b/north-america/bd.json @@ -321,11 +321,6 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "dense population and heavy vehicle traffic create serious congestion and air pollution problems; water resources scarce (most obtained as rainwater or from wells); solid waste disposal; hazardous waste disposal; sewage disposal; overfishing; oil spills" }, - "Air pollutants": { - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.61 megatons (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter" }, @@ -357,6 +352,11 @@ "text": "-0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Air pollutants": { + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.61 megatons (2016 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "82,000 tons (2012 est.)" diff --git a/north-america/ca.json b/north-america/ca.json index 3ac3a4aa..e2402b75 100644 --- a/north-america/ca.json +++ b/north-america/ca.json @@ -403,17 +403,6 @@ "text": "Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "6.48 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "544.89 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "101.82 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north" }, @@ -451,6 +440,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.08% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "6.48 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "544.89 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "101.82 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "25,103,034 tons (2014 est.)" diff --git a/north-america/gl.json b/north-america/gl.json index d3f65b16..448d9386 100644 --- a/north-america/gl.json +++ b/north-america/gl.json @@ -306,11 +306,6 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "especially vulnerable to climate change and disruption of the Arctic environment; preservation of the Inuit traditional way of life, including whaling and seal hunting" }, - "Air pollutants": { - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "0.51 megatons (2016 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters" }, @@ -348,6 +343,11 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "0.51 megatons (2016 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "50,000 tons (2010 est.)" diff --git a/north-america/mx.json b/north-america/mx.json index be035573..e07123dd 100644 --- a/north-america/mx.json +++ b/north-america/mx.json @@ -424,17 +424,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "20.08 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "486.41 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "135.77 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "varies from tropical to desert" }, @@ -472,6 +461,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.03% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "20.08 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "486.41 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "135.77 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "53.1 million tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/north-america/us.json b/north-america/us.json index f7046d49..a97951f7 100644 --- a/north-america/us.json +++ b/north-america/us.json @@ -403,17 +403,6 @@ "text": "Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping-London Protocol" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "7.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "5,006.3 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "685.74 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains", "note": "note: many consider Denali, the highest peak in the US, to be the world’s coldest mountain because of its combination of high elevation and its subarctic location at 63 degrees north latitude; permanent snow and ice cover over 75 percent of the mountain, and enormous glaciers, up to 45 miles long and 3,700 feet thick, spider out from its base in every direction; it is home to some of the world’s coldest and most violent weather, where winds of over 150 miles per hour and temperatures of -93˚F have been recorded.  " @@ -452,6 +441,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "7.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "5,006.3 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "685.74 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "258 million tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/oceans/oo.json b/oceans/oo.json index d2b5957a..57607fff 100644 --- a/oceans/oo.json +++ b/oceans/oo.json @@ -94,11 +94,11 @@ "Environment - international agreements": { "text": "the Southern Ocean is subject to all international agreements regarding the world's oceans; in addition, it is subject to these agreements specific to the Antarctic region: International Whaling Commission (prohibits commercial whaling south of 40 degrees south [south of 60 degrees south between 50 degrees and 130 degrees west]); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (limits sealing); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (regulates fishing)

note: mineral exploitation except for scientific research is banned by the Environmental Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty; additionally, many nations (including the US) prohibit mineral resource exploration and exploitation south of the fluctuating Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence), which is in the middle of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and serves as the dividing line between the cold polar surface waters to the south and the warmer waters to the north

" }, - "Marine fisheries": { - "text": "the Southern Ocean fishery is relatively small with a total catch of 388,901 mt in 2021; the Food and Agriculture Organization has delineated three regions in the Southern Ocean (Regions 48, 58, 88) that generally encompass the waters south of 40° to 60° South latitude; the most important producers in these regions include Norway (241,408 mt), China (47,605 mt), and South Korea (39,487 mt); Antarctic Krill made up 95.5% of the total catch in 2021, while other important species include Patagonian and Antarctic toothfish

Regional fisheries bodies: Commission on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources" - }, "Climate": { "text": "sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature contrast between ice and open ocean; the ocean area from about latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average winds found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures well below 0 degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline ice-free throughout the winter" + }, + "Marine fisheries": { + "text": "the Southern Ocean fishery is relatively small with a total catch of 388,901 mt in 2021; the Food and Agriculture Organization has delineated three regions in the Southern Ocean (Regions 48, 58, 88) that generally encompass the waters south of 40° to 60° South latitude; the most important producers in these regions include Norway (241,408 mt), China (47,605 mt), and South Korea (39,487 mt); Antarctic Krill made up 95.5% of the total catch in 2021, while other important species include Patagonian and Antarctic toothfish

Regional fisheries bodies: Commission on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources" } }, "Government": { diff --git a/oceans/xo.json b/oceans/xo.json index d1bc1e10..831a1f3d 100644 --- a/oceans/xo.json +++ b/oceans/xo.json @@ -93,11 +93,11 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "marine pollution caused by ocean dumping, waste disposal, and oil spills; deep sea mining; oil pollution in Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea; coral reefs threatened due to climate change, direct human pressures, and inadequate governance, awareness, and political will; loss of biodiversity; endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales" }, - "Marine fisheries": { - "text": "

the Indian Ocean fisheries are the third most important in the world accounting for 15.5%, or 12,220,000 mt of the global catch in 2020; tuna, small pelagic fish, and shrimp are important species in these regions; the Food and Agriculture Organization delineated two fishing regions in the Indian Ocean:

Eastern Indian Ocean region (Region 57) is the most important region and the fifth largest producing region in the world with 8.4%, or 6,590,000 mt, of the global catch in 2020; the region encompasses the waters north of 55º South latitude and east of 80º East longitude including the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea with the major producers including India (2,362,481 mt), Indonesia (1,940,558 mt), Burma (1,114,777 mt), Bangladesh (877,837 mt), and Sri Lanka (373,369 mt); the principal catches include shad, Skipjack tuna, mackerel, shrimp, and sardinellas

Western Indian Ocean region (Region 51) is the world’s sixth largest producing region with more than 7.1% or 5,630,000 mt of the global catch in 2020; this region encompasses the waters north of 40º South latitude and west of 80º East longitude including the western Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea as well as the waters along the east coast of Africa and Madagascar, the south coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and the west coast of India with major producers including India (2,207,125 mt), Oman (580,048 mt), Pakistan (341,730 mt), and Mozambique (274,791 mt); the principal catches include Skipjack and Yellowfin tuna, mackerel, sardines, shrimp, and cephalopods

Regional fisheries bodies: Indian Ocean Tuna Commission, Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna, Regional Commission for Fisheries (Persian Gulf/Gulf of Oman), Southeast Asia Fisheries Development Center, Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission, South Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement" - }, "Climate": { "text": "northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean" + }, + "Marine fisheries": { + "text": "

the Indian Ocean fisheries are the third most important in the world accounting for 15.5%, or 12,220,000 mt of the global catch in 2020; tuna, small pelagic fish, and shrimp are important species in these regions; the Food and Agriculture Organization delineated two fishing regions in the Indian Ocean:

Eastern Indian Ocean region (Region 57) is the most important region and the fifth largest producing region in the world with 8.4%, or 6,590,000 mt, of the global catch in 2020; the region encompasses the waters north of 55º South latitude and east of 80º East longitude including the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea with the major producers including India (2,362,481 mt), Indonesia (1,940,558 mt), Burma (1,114,777 mt), Bangladesh (877,837 mt), and Sri Lanka (373,369 mt); the principal catches include shad, Skipjack tuna, mackerel, shrimp, and sardinellas

Western Indian Ocean region (Region 51) is the world’s sixth largest producing region with more than 7.1% or 5,630,000 mt of the global catch in 2020; this region encompasses the waters north of 40º South latitude and west of 80º East longitude including the western Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea as well as the waters along the east coast of Africa and Madagascar, the south coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and the west coast of India with major producers including India (2,207,125 mt), Oman (580,048 mt), Pakistan (341,730 mt), and Mozambique (274,791 mt); the principal catches include Skipjack and Yellowfin tuna, mackerel, sardines, shrimp, and cephalopods

Regional fisheries bodies: Indian Ocean Tuna Commission, Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna, Regional Commission for Fisheries (Persian Gulf/Gulf of Oman), Southeast Asia Fisheries Development Center, Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission, South Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement" } }, "Government": { diff --git a/oceans/xq.json b/oceans/xq.json index 56ab5d2b..974110d9 100644 --- a/oceans/xq.json +++ b/oceans/xq.json @@ -93,11 +93,11 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "climate change; changes in biodiversity; water pollution from use of toxic chemicals; endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack" }, - "Marine fisheries": { - "text": "the Arctic fishery region (Region 18) is the smallest in the world with a catch of only 708 mt in 2019, although the Food and Agriculture Organization assesses that some Arctic catches are reported in adjacent regions; Russia and Canada were historically the major producers; in 2017, Canada, Denmark (Greenland), Iceland, Norway, Russia, and the US, along with the People’s Republic of China, the European Union, Japan, and the Republic of Korea, agreed to a 16 year ban on fishing in the Central Arctic Ocean to allow for time to study the ecological system of these waters

Regional fisheries bodies: International Council for the Exploration of the Seas" - }, "Climate": { "text": "polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature range; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow" + }, + "Marine fisheries": { + "text": "the Arctic fishery region (Region 18) is the smallest in the world with a catch of only 708 mt in 2019, although the Food and Agriculture Organization assesses that some Arctic catches are reported in adjacent regions; Russia and Canada were historically the major producers; in 2017, Canada, Denmark (Greenland), Iceland, Norway, Russia, and the US, along with the People’s Republic of China, the European Union, Japan, and the Republic of Korea, agreed to a 16 year ban on fishing in the Central Arctic Ocean to allow for time to study the ecological system of these waters

Regional fisheries bodies: International Council for the Exploration of the Seas" } }, "Government": { diff --git a/oceans/zh.json b/oceans/zh.json index 3f60537e..4b21bdaa 100644 --- a/oceans/zh.json +++ b/oceans/zh.json @@ -91,11 +91,11 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "endangered marine species include the manatee, seals, sea lions, turtles, and whales; unsustainable exploitation of fisheries (over fishing, bottom trawling, drift net fishing, discards, catch of non-target species); pollution (maritime transport, discharges, offshore drilling, oil spills); municipal sludge pollution off eastern US, southern Brazil, and eastern Argentina; oil pollution in Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Lake Maracaibo, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; industrial waste and municipal sewage pollution in Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea" }, - "Marine fisheries": { - "text": "

the Atlantic Ocean fisheries are the second most important in the world accounting for 25.8%, or 20,300,000 mt, of the global catch in 2020; of the seven regions delineated by the Food and Agriculture Organization in the Atlantic basin, the most important include the following:

Northeast Atlantic region (Region 27) is the fourth most important in the world producing 10.5% of the global catch or 8,310,000 mt in 2020; the region encompasses the waters north of 36º North latitude and east of 40º West longitude with the major producers including Norway (3,528,240 mt), Russia (1,044,153 mt), Iceland (933,019 mt), UK (823,669 mt), and Denmark (641,927 mt); the region includes the historically important fishing grounds of the North Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the Atlantic waters between Greenland, Iceland, and the British Isles; the principal catches include Atlantic cod, haddock, saithe (pollock), Blue Whiting, herring, and mackerel; not all fish caught are for human consumption, half of fish catches in the North Sea are processed as fish oil or fish meal, which are used in animal fodder

Eastern Central Atlantic region (Region 34) is the second most important Atlantic fishery, and seventh largest in the world producing more than 6.3% of the global catch or 4,950,000 mt in 2020; the region encompasses the waters between 36º North and 6º South latitude and east of 40º West longitude off the west coast of Africa with the major producers including Morocco (1,419,872 mt), Mauritania (705,850 mt), Senegal (472,571 mt), Nigeria (451,768 mt), Ghana (303,001 mt), Cameroon (265,969 mt), and Sierra Leone (200,000 mt); the principal catches include pilchard, sardinellas, shad, and mackerel

Northwest Atlantic region (Region 21) is the fourth most important Atlantic fishery and eleventh in the world producing 1.9% of the global catch and 1,540,000 mt in 2020; it encompasses the waters north of 35º North latitude and west of 42º West longitude including the important fishing grounds over the continental shelf of North America such as the Grand Banks, the Georges Bank, and the Flemish Cap, as well as Baffin Bay with the major producers including the US (927,777 mt), Canada (615,651 mt), and Greenland (179,990 mt); the principal catches include sea scallops, prawns, lobster, herring, and menhaden

Mediterranean and Black Sea region (Region 37) is a minor fishing region representing 1.5% or 1,190,000 mt of the world’s total capture in 2020; the region encompasses all waters east of the Strait of Gibraltar with the major producers including Turkey (686,650 mt), Italy (281,212 mt), Tunisia (129,325 mt), Spain (119,759 mt), and Russia (72,279 mt); the principal catches include European anchovy, European pilchard, Gobies, and clams

Regional fisheries bodies: Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna, Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic, Fisheries Committee for the West Central Gulf of Guinea, General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean, International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, International  Council for the Exploration of the Seas, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization, North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization, North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission, Southeast Atlantic Fisheries Organization, Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission

" - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cabo Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December but are most frequent from August to November" + }, + "Marine fisheries": { + "text": "

the Atlantic Ocean fisheries are the second most important in the world accounting for 25.8%, or 20,300,000 mt, of the global catch in 2020; of the seven regions delineated by the Food and Agriculture Organization in the Atlantic basin, the most important include the following:

Northeast Atlantic region (Region 27) is the fourth most important in the world producing 10.5% of the global catch or 8,310,000 mt in 2020; the region encompasses the waters north of 36º North latitude and east of 40º West longitude with the major producers including Norway (3,528,240 mt), Russia (1,044,153 mt), Iceland (933,019 mt), UK (823,669 mt), and Denmark (641,927 mt); the region includes the historically important fishing grounds of the North Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the Atlantic waters between Greenland, Iceland, and the British Isles; the principal catches include Atlantic cod, haddock, saithe (pollock), Blue Whiting, herring, and mackerel; not all fish caught are for human consumption, half of fish catches in the North Sea are processed as fish oil or fish meal, which are used in animal fodder

Eastern Central Atlantic region (Region 34) is the second most important Atlantic fishery, and seventh largest in the world producing more than 6.3% of the global catch or 4,950,000 mt in 2020; the region encompasses the waters between 36º North and 6º South latitude and east of 40º West longitude off the west coast of Africa with the major producers including Morocco (1,419,872 mt), Mauritania (705,850 mt), Senegal (472,571 mt), Nigeria (451,768 mt), Ghana (303,001 mt), Cameroon (265,969 mt), and Sierra Leone (200,000 mt); the principal catches include pilchard, sardinellas, shad, and mackerel

Northwest Atlantic region (Region 21) is the fourth most important Atlantic fishery and eleventh in the world producing 1.9% of the global catch and 1,540,000 mt in 2020; it encompasses the waters north of 35º North latitude and west of 42º West longitude including the important fishing grounds over the continental shelf of North America such as the Grand Banks, the Georges Bank, and the Flemish Cap, as well as Baffin Bay with the major producers including the US (927,777 mt), Canada (615,651 mt), and Greenland (179,990 mt); the principal catches include sea scallops, prawns, lobster, herring, and menhaden

Mediterranean and Black Sea region (Region 37) is a minor fishing region representing 1.5% or 1,190,000 mt of the world’s total capture in 2020; the region encompasses all waters east of the Strait of Gibraltar with the major producers including Turkey (686,650 mt), Italy (281,212 mt), Tunisia (129,325 mt), Spain (119,759 mt), and Russia (72,279 mt); the principal catches include European anchovy, European pilchard, Gobies, and clams

Regional fisheries bodies: Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna, Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic, Fisheries Committee for the West Central Gulf of Guinea, General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean, International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, International  Council for the Exploration of the Seas, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization, North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization, North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission, Southeast Atlantic Fisheries Organization, Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission

" } }, "Government": { diff --git a/oceans/zn.json b/oceans/zn.json index ae51ed80..4b7d59a3 100644 --- a/oceans/zn.json +++ b/oceans/zn.json @@ -96,11 +96,11 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "pollution (such as sewage, runoff from land and toxic waste); habitat destruction; over-fishing; climate change leading to sea level rise, ocean acidification, and warming; endangered marine species include the dugong, sea lion, sea otter, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in Philippine Sea and South China Sea" }, - "Marine fisheries": { - "text": "

the Pacific Ocean fisheries are the most important in the world accounting for 58.1%, or 45,800,000 mt, of the global marine capture in 2020; of the six regions delineated by the Food and Agriculture Organization in the Pacific Ocean, the following are the most important:

Northwest Pacific region (Region 61) is the world’s most important fishery producing 24.3% of the global catch or 19,150,000 mt in 2020; it encompasses the waters north of 20º north latitude and west of 175º west longitude with the major producers including China (29,080726 mt), Japan (3,417,871 mt), South Korea (1,403,892 mt), and Taiwan (487,739 mt); the principal catches include Alaska Pollock, Japanese anchovy, chub mackerel, and scads

Western Central Pacific region (Region 71) is the world’s second most important fishing region producing 16.8%, or 13,260,000 mt, of the global catch in 2020; tuna is the most important species in this region; the region includes the waters between 20º North and 25º South latitude and west of 175º West longitude with the major producers including Indonesia (6,907,932 mt), Vietnam (4,571,497 mt), Philippines (2,416,879 mt), Thailand (1,509,574 mt), and Malaysia (692,553 mt); the principal catches include Skipjack and Yellowfin tuna, sardinellas, and cephalopods

Southeast Pacific region (Region 87) is the third major Pacific fishery and third largest in the world producing 10.7%, or 8,400,000 mt, of the global catch in 2020; this region includes the nutrient rich upwelling waters off the west coast of South America between 5º North and 60º South latitude and east of 120º West longitude with the major producers including Peru (4,888,730 mt), Chile (3,298,795 mt), and Ecuador (1,186,249 mt); the principal catches include Peruvian anchovy (68.5% of the catch), Jumbo flying squid, and Chilean jack mackerel

Pacific Northeast region (Region 67) is the fourth largest Pacific Ocean fishery and eighth largest in the world producing 3.6% of the global catch or 2,860,000 mt in 2020; this region encompasses the waters north of 40º North latitude and east of 175º West longitude including the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea with the major producers including the US (3,009,568 mt), Canada (276,677 mt), and Russia (6,908 mt); the principal catches include Alaska pollock, Pacific cod, and North Pacific hake

Regional fisheries bodies: Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna, Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, International  Council for the Exploration of the Seas, North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission, North Pacific Fisheries Commission, South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organization, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission" - }, "Climate": { "text": "planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian landmass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones (typhoons) may strike southeast and east Asia from May to December" + }, + "Marine fisheries": { + "text": "

the Pacific Ocean fisheries are the most important in the world accounting for 58.1%, or 45,800,000 mt, of the global marine capture in 2020; of the six regions delineated by the Food and Agriculture Organization in the Pacific Ocean, the following are the most important:

Northwest Pacific region (Region 61) is the world’s most important fishery producing 24.3% of the global catch or 19,150,000 mt in 2020; it encompasses the waters north of 20º north latitude and west of 175º west longitude with the major producers including China (29,080726 mt), Japan (3,417,871 mt), South Korea (1,403,892 mt), and Taiwan (487,739 mt); the principal catches include Alaska Pollock, Japanese anchovy, chub mackerel, and scads

Western Central Pacific region (Region 71) is the world’s second most important fishing region producing 16.8%, or 13,260,000 mt, of the global catch in 2020; tuna is the most important species in this region; the region includes the waters between 20º North and 25º South latitude and west of 175º West longitude with the major producers including Indonesia (6,907,932 mt), Vietnam (4,571,497 mt), Philippines (2,416,879 mt), Thailand (1,509,574 mt), and Malaysia (692,553 mt); the principal catches include Skipjack and Yellowfin tuna, sardinellas, and cephalopods

Southeast Pacific region (Region 87) is the third major Pacific fishery and third largest in the world producing 10.7%, or 8,400,000 mt, of the global catch in 2020; this region includes the nutrient rich upwelling waters off the west coast of South America between 5º North and 60º South latitude and east of 120º West longitude with the major producers including Peru (4,888,730 mt), Chile (3,298,795 mt), and Ecuador (1,186,249 mt); the principal catches include Peruvian anchovy (68.5% of the catch), Jumbo flying squid, and Chilean jack mackerel

Pacific Northeast region (Region 67) is the fourth largest Pacific Ocean fishery and eighth largest in the world producing 3.6% of the global catch or 2,860,000 mt in 2020; this region encompasses the waters north of 40º North latitude and east of 175º West longitude including the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea with the major producers including the US (3,009,568 mt), Canada (276,677 mt), and Russia (6,908 mt); the principal catches include Alaska pollock, Pacific cod, and North Pacific hake

Regional fisheries bodies: Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna, Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, International  Council for the Exploration of the Seas, North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission, North Pacific Fisheries Commission, South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organization, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission" } }, "Government": { diff --git a/south-america/ar.json b/south-america/ar.json index e9eb21ec..ce38d68b 100644 --- a/south-america/ar.json +++ b/south-america/ar.json @@ -400,17 +400,6 @@ "text": "Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "11.83 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "201.35 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "120.66 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest" }, @@ -448,6 +437,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "11.83 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "201.35 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "120.66 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "17,910,550 tons (2014 est.)" @@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ "text": "approximately 82,000 active duty personnel (50,000 Army; 18,000 Navy, including about 3,500 marines); 14,000 Air Force); estimated 20,000 Gendarmerie (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of Argentina's armed forces is a mix of domestically-produced and mostly older imported weapons, largely from Europe and the US; in recent years, France and the US have been the leading suppliers of equipment; Argentina has an indigenous defense industry that produces air, land, and naval systems (2022)" + "text": "the inventory of Argentina's armed forces is a mix of domestically-produced and mostly older imported weapons, largely from Europe and the US; in recent years, France and the US have been the leading suppliers of equipment; Argentina has an indigenous defense industry that produces air, land, and naval systems (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-24 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription suspended in 1995; citizens can still be drafted in times of crisis, national emergency, or war, or if the Defense Ministry is unable to fill all vacancies to keep the military functional (2023)", diff --git a/south-america/bl.json b/south-america/bl.json index 7d9cd604..c833d4f7 100644 --- a/south-america/bl.json +++ b/south-america/bl.json @@ -405,17 +405,6 @@ "text": "Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "20.24 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "21.61 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "21.01 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid" }, @@ -453,6 +442,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "20.24 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "21.61 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "21.01 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "2,219,052 tons (2015 est.)" @@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@ "text": "information varies widely; approximately 40,000 active troops (28,000 Army; 5,000 Navy; 7,000 Air Force; note - a considerable portion of the Navy personnel are marines and naval police); approximately 40,000 National Police (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the military is equipped with a mix of mostly older Brazilian, Chinese, European, and US equipment (2023)" + "text": "the military is equipped with a mix of mostly older Brazilian, Chinese, European, and US equipment; in recent years, France has been the leading supplier (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "compulsory for all men between the ages of 18 and 22; men can volunteer from the age of 16, women from 18; service is for 12 months; Search and Rescue service can be substituted for citizens who have reached the age of compulsory military service; duration of this service is 24 months (2023)", diff --git a/south-america/br.json b/south-america/br.json index 3132962c..3de80244 100644 --- a/south-america/br.json +++ b/south-america/br.json @@ -418,17 +418,6 @@ "text": "Marine Dumping-London Protocol" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "11.49 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "462.3 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "401.83 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "mostly tropical, but temperate in south" }, @@ -466,6 +455,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.01% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "11.49 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "462.3 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "401.83 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "79,889,010 tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/south-america/ci.json b/south-america/ci.json index 7193219d..9e9cede6 100644 --- a/south-america/ci.json +++ b/south-america/ci.json @@ -392,17 +392,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "21.03 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "85.82 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "15.97 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south" }, @@ -440,6 +429,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.01% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "21.03 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "85.82 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "15.97 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "6.517 million tons (2009 est.)" diff --git a/south-america/co.json b/south-america/co.json index e593f01c..7e2c2f89 100644 --- a/south-america/co.json +++ b/south-america/co.json @@ -408,17 +408,6 @@ "text": "Law of the Sea" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "15.24 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "97.81 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "81.52 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands" }, @@ -456,6 +445,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.75% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "15.24 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "97.81 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "81.52 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "12,150,120 tons (2011 est.)" diff --git a/south-america/ec.json b/south-america/ec.json index a72ee0b3..34fd7c11 100644 --- a/south-america/ec.json +++ b/south-america/ec.json @@ -410,17 +410,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "14.91 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "41.15 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "23.51 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands" }, @@ -458,6 +447,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "14.91 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "41.15 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "23.51 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "5,297,211 tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/south-america/gy.json b/south-america/gy.json index 7afc7dee..b0e5a8ce 100644 --- a/south-america/gy.json +++ b/south-america/gy.json @@ -396,17 +396,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "20.46 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "2.38 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "1.81 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to August, November to January)" }, @@ -444,6 +433,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "20.46 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "2.38 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "1.81 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "179,252 tons (2010 est.)" diff --git a/south-america/ns.json b/south-america/ns.json index 8e4aa060..689c6c2a 100644 --- a/south-america/ns.json +++ b/south-america/ns.json @@ -383,17 +383,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "23.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "1.74 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "2.28 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; moderated by trade winds" }, @@ -431,6 +420,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "23.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "1.74 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "2.28 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "78,620 tons (2010 est.)" diff --git a/south-america/pa.json b/south-america/pa.json index 9a28fd42..38dc1077 100644 --- a/south-america/pa.json +++ b/south-america/pa.json @@ -396,17 +396,6 @@ "text": "Nuclear Test Ban, Tropical Timber 2006" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "11.16 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "7.41 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "27.65 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west" }, @@ -444,6 +433,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "11.16 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "7.41 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "27.65 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1,818,501 tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/south-america/pe.json b/south-america/pe.json index b7e0fcf1..42201ab4 100644 --- a/south-america/pe.json +++ b/south-america/pe.json @@ -420,17 +420,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "24.27 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "57.41 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "30.17 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes" }, @@ -468,6 +457,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "24.27 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "57.41 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "30.17 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "8,356,711 tons (2014 est.)" diff --git a/south-america/uy.json b/south-america/uy.json index d76a4aba..0abc4edc 100644 --- a/south-america/uy.json +++ b/south-america/uy.json @@ -399,17 +399,6 @@ "text": "Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "8.63 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "6.77 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "25.59 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown" }, @@ -447,6 +436,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "8.63 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "6.77 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "25.59 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1,260,140 tons (2012 est.)" diff --git a/south-america/ve.json b/south-america/ve.json index 56922a30..acaaebe0 100644 --- a/south-america/ve.json +++ b/south-america/ve.json @@ -387,17 +387,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "15.82 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "164.18 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "68.66 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands" }, @@ -434,6 +423,17 @@ "text": "due to severe economic crisis - the national economy, highly dependent on oil production and exports, was forecast to contract in 2021 for the eighth consecutive year; with the persistent negative effects of the COVID‑19 pandemic that have compounded the already severe macro‑economic crisis, the access to food of the most vulnerable households is expected to deteriorate throughout 2021 and into 2022 due to widespread losses of income‑generating activities and soaring food prices (2022)" } }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "15.82 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "164.18 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "68.66 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "9,779,093 tons (2010 est.)" diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index 5ddff414..4c6d229c 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -409,17 +409,6 @@ "text": "Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "53.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "8.67 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "90.98 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers" }, @@ -451,15 +440,26 @@ "text": "3.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to civil conflict, population displacement, and economic slowdown - between November 2021 and March 2022, during the winter lean season, the food insecurity situation was expected to deteriorate and the number of people in \"Crisis\" or above was likely to increase to 22.8 million, about 35% more than during the same season in 2020/21; following the developments of August 2021 in the country, the international aid flows, an important element of public spending, were halted; the food security situation and agricultural livelihoods in the country is likely to significantly deteriorate in the coming months due to cumulative and cascading impact of multiple shocks, including weather, conflict, economic crisis and the lingering effects of the COVID‑19 pandemic (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0.2% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.45% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to civil conflict, population displacement, and economic slowdown - between November 2021 and March 2022, during the winter lean season, the food insecurity situation was expected to deteriorate and the number of people in \"Crisis\" or above was likely to increase to 22.8 million, about 35% more than during the same season in 2020/21; following the developments of August 2021 in the country, the international aid flows, an important element of public spending, were halted; the food security situation and agricultural livelihoods in the country is likely to significantly deteriorate in the coming months due to cumulative and cascading impact of multiple shocks, including weather, conflict, economic crisis and the lingering effects of the COVID‑19 pandemic (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "53.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "8.67 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "90.98 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -617,12 +617,12 @@ "text": "the United States does not maintain a presence in Afghanistan and bases the Department of State's Afghanistan Affairs Unit in Doha, Qatar; note - the US Embassy in Kabul closed in August 2021" }, "embassy": { - "text": "Embassy Kabul, operations have been suspended; Department of State’s Afghanistan Affairs Unit operates from Doha, Qatar.

 

 

 

 

" + "text": "Embassy Kabul, operations have been suspended; Department of State’s Afghanistan Affairs Unit operates from Doha, Qatar." } }, "Flag description": { "text": "three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red band and slightly overlapping the other 2 bands; the center of the emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, below the mosque are Eastern Arabic numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the Gregorian calendar, the year of Afghan independence from the UK); this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of wheat on the left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of the rising sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning \"God is great\"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name Afghanistan; black signifies the past, red is for the blood shed for independence, and green can represent either hope for the future, agricultural prosperity, or Islam", - "note": "note 1: the United States has not recognized the Taliban or any other entity as the government of Afghanistan and, accordingly, continues to display the flag of Afghanistan as set forth in the country's constitution of 2004

note 2: Afghanistan had more changes to its national flag in the 20th century - 19 by one count - than any other country; the colors black, red, and green appeared on most of them




" + "note": "note 1: the United States has not recognized the Taliban or any other entity as the government of Afghanistan and, accordingly, continues to display the flag of Afghanistan as set forth in the country's constitution of 2004

note 2: Afghanistan had more changes to its national flag in the 20th century - 19 by one count - than any other country; the colors black, red, and green appeared on most of them<" }, "National symbol(s)": { "text": "lion; national colors: red, green, black" @@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "

Tier 3 — Afghanistan does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; therefore, Afghanistan remains on Tier 3; substantial personnel turnover and closing of some ministries after the August 15, 2021 Taliban takeover hindered Afghanistan’s ability to maintain consistent anti-trafficking efforts; although the pre-August 15 government took some training and awareness steps to address trafficking, it employed or recruited child soldiers and sexual slaves in government compounds; after August 15, the Taliban continued recruiting or employing child soldiers and did not investigate, prosecute, or convict any traffickers; the Taliban shut down shelters for victims, did not identify or protect victims, and did not make any efforts to prevent trafficking; Taliban undermining the rights of women, minorities, and other vulnerable populations, further exacerbated vulnerabilities to trafficking (2022)

" + "text": "Tier 3 — Afghanistan does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; therefore, Afghanistan remains on Tier 3; substantial personnel turnover and closing of some ministries after the August 15, 2021 Taliban takeover hindered Afghanistan’s ability to maintain consistent anti-trafficking efforts; although the pre-August 15 government took some training and awareness steps to address trafficking, it employed or recruited child soldiers and sexual slaves in government compounds; after August 15, the Taliban continued recruiting or employing child soldiers and did not investigate, prosecute, or convict any traffickers; the Taliban shut down shelters for victims, did not identify or protect victims, and did not make any efforts to prevent trafficking; Taliban undermining the rights of women, minorities, and other vulnerable populations, further exacerbated vulnerabilities to trafficking (2022)" }, "trafficking profile": { "text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Afghanistan and exploit Afghan victims abroad; internal trafficking is more prevalent than transnational trafficking; since the Taliban takeover, vulnerabilities to exploitation have intensified; traffickers exploit men, women, and a large number of children domestically; victims are subjected to forced labor in agriculture, brick kilns, carpet weaving, domestic servitude, commercial sex, begging, poppy cultivation and harvesting, salt mining, transnational drug smuggling, and truck driving; the Taliban and non-state armed groups, such as the Islamic State in Khorasan Province (ISIS-K), continue to unlawfully recruit and use child soldiers; sexual exploitation of boys remains pervasive nationwide, and traffickers subject some boys to sexual exploitation abroad; after the Taliban takeover, restrictions on the movement of women and girls, and severely diminished access to employment and education, increased their vulnerability to trafficking; LGBTQI+ individuals are among the most vulnerable groups in Afghanistan under the Taliban (2022)" diff --git a/south-asia/bg.json b/south-asia/bg.json index a1d61c07..68c7af67 100644 --- a/south-asia/bg.json +++ b/south-asia/bg.json @@ -416,17 +416,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "58.33 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "84.25 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "59.3 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)" }, @@ -458,15 +447,26 @@ "text": "2.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to economic constraints and high prices of important food items -  food insecurity is expected to remain fragile, given persisting economic constraints; domestic prices of wheat flour and palm oil, important food items, were at high levels in January 2023; the result of elevated international prices of energy, fuel and food, having been transmitted to the domestic markets (2023)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0.08% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.02% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to economic constraints and high prices of important food items -  food insecurity is expected to remain fragile, given persisting economic constraints; domestic prices of wheat flour and palm oil, important food items, were at high levels in January 2023; the result of elevated international prices of energy, fuel and food, having been transmitted to the domestic markets (2023)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "58.33 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "84.25 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "59.3 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { @@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@ "text": "information varies; approximately 165,000 total active personnel (135,000 Army; 15,000 Navy; 15,000 Air Force) (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "much of the military's inventory is comprised of Chinese- and Russian-origin equipment, with a smaller mix from a variety of other suppliers; in recent years, China has been the leading provider of arms to Bangladesh; as of 2022, Bangladesh was undertaking a large defense modernization program  (2022)" + "text": "much of the military's inventory is comprised of Chinese- and Russian-origin equipment; in recent years, China has been the leading provider of arms to Bangladesh (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "16-21 years of age for voluntary military service; Bangladeshi nationality and 10th grade education required; officers: 17-21 years of age, Bangladeshi nationality, and 12th grade education required (2022)" diff --git a/south-asia/bt.json b/south-asia/bt.json index 274e5ae7..2db12de5 100644 --- a/south-asia/bt.json +++ b/south-asia/bt.json @@ -350,17 +350,6 @@ "text": "Law of the Sea" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "35.32 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "1.26 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "1.11 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas" }, @@ -398,6 +387,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "35.32 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "1.26 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "1.11 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "111,314 tons (2007 est.)" @@ -1070,7 +1070,7 @@ "text": "the Royal Bhutan Army has an estimated 8,000 personnel (2022)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "India has provided most of the Royal Bhutan Army's equipment (2022)" + "text": "India has provided most of the Royal Bhutan Army's equipment (2023)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription; militia training is compulsory for males aged 20-25, over a 3-year period  (2023)", diff --git a/south-asia/ce.json b/south-asia/ce.json index 530de9fb..c1255d03 100644 --- a/south-asia/ce.json +++ b/south-asia/ce.json @@ -402,17 +402,6 @@ "text": "Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "15.25 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "23.36 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "10.95 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October)" }, @@ -444,15 +433,26 @@ "text": "1.22% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "widespread lack of access": { + "text": "due to serious macroeconomic challenges, significant reduction in 2022 cereal output, and high food prices - severe macroeconomic challenges, mostly reflecting dwindling foreign currency reserves after revenues from merchandise exports, remittances, and from the tourist sector declined dramatically over the last year, have had a negative impact on the country’s capacity to import cereals; the 2022 cereal production sharply declined due to a government ordered reduction in the application of chemical fertilizers; unprecedentedly high food prices are constraining economic access to food for a majority of households" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0.06% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "widespread lack of access": { - "text": "due to serious macroeconomic challenges, significant reduction in 2022 cereal output, and high food prices - severe macroeconomic challenges, mostly reflecting dwindling foreign currency reserves after revenues from merchandise exports, remittances, and from the tourist sector declined dramatically over the last year, have had a negative impact on the country’s capacity to import cereals; the 2022 cereal production sharply declined due to a government ordered reduction in the application of chemical fertilizers; unprecedentedly high food prices are constraining economic access to food for a majority of households" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "15.25 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "23.36 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "10.95 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/south-asia/in.json b/south-asia/in.json index e79d63f0..7200780b 100644 --- a/south-asia/in.json +++ b/south-asia/in.json @@ -429,17 +429,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "65.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "2,407.67 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "559.11 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north" }, @@ -477,6 +466,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "1.15% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "65.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "2,407.67 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "559.11 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "168,403,240 tons (2001 est.)" diff --git a/south-asia/mv.json b/south-asia/mv.json index f026fe9d..6afa8644 100644 --- a/south-asia/mv.json +++ b/south-asia/mv.json @@ -388,17 +388,6 @@ "text": "none of the selected agreements" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "7.63 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "1.44 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "0.14 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)" }, @@ -436,6 +425,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "7.63 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "1.44 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "0.14 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "211,506 tons (2015 est.)" diff --git a/south-asia/np.json b/south-asia/np.json index 6e16af4a..a0fec35d 100644 --- a/south-asia/np.json +++ b/south-asia/np.json @@ -405,17 +405,6 @@ "text": "Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "94.33 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "9.11 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "41.15 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south" }, @@ -453,6 +442,17 @@ "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "94.33 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "9.11 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "41.15 megatons (2020 est.)" + } + }, "Waste and recycling": { "municipal solid waste generated annually": { "text": "1,768,977 tons (2016 est.)" diff --git a/south-asia/pk.json b/south-asia/pk.json index 3c46acad..99918190 100644 --- a/south-asia/pk.json +++ b/south-asia/pk.json @@ -423,17 +423,6 @@ "text": "Marine Life Conservation" } }, - "Air pollutants": { - "particulate matter emissions": { - "text": "55.21 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" - }, - "carbon dioxide emissions": { - "text": "201.15 megatons (2016 est.)" - }, - "methane emissions": { - "text": "142.12 megatons (2020 est.)" - } - }, "Climate": { "text": "mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north" }, @@ -465,15 +454,26 @@ "text": "2.1% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)" } }, + "Food insecurity": { + "severe localized food insecurity": { + "text": "due to population displacements, economic constraints, and high prices of the main food staple - according to the latest analysis, about 4.7 million people, 25% of the population, are estimated to be facing high levels of acute food insecurity, between April and June 2022 in 25 districts analyzed in Balochistan, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces; prices of wheat flour, the country’s main staple, were at high levels in most markets in May 2022, constraining access to the staple food (2022)" + } + }, "Revenue from forest resources": { "text": "0.1% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, "Revenue from coal": { "text": "0.06% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Food insecurity": { - "severe localized food insecurity": { - "text": "due to population displacements, economic constraints, and high prices of the main food staple - according to the latest analysis, about 4.7 million people, 25% of the population, are estimated to be facing high levels of acute food insecurity, between April and June 2022 in 25 districts analyzed in Balochistan, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces; prices of wheat flour, the country’s main staple, were at high levels in most markets in May 2022, constraining access to the staple food (2022)" + "Air pollutants": { + "particulate matter emissions": { + "text": "55.21 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)" + }, + "carbon dioxide emissions": { + "text": "201.15 megatons (2016 est.)" + }, + "methane emissions": { + "text": "142.12 megatons (2020 est.)" } }, "Waste and recycling": { diff --git a/world/xx.json b/world/xx.json index 1c697d75..10c397d2 100644 --- a/world/xx.json +++ b/world/xx.json @@ -324,6 +324,29 @@ "Environment - current issues": { "text": "large areas subject to overpopulation, industrial disasters, pollution (air, water, acid rain, toxic substances), loss of vegetation (overgrazing, deforestation, desertification), loss of biodiversity; soil degradation, soil depletion, erosion; ozone layer depletion; waste disposal; global warming becoming a greater concern" }, + "World Biomes": { + "Tundra biome": { + "text": "The tundra is the coldest of the biomes. It also receives low amounts of precipitation, making the tundra similar to a desert. Tundra comes from the Finnish word tunturia, meaning \"treeless plain\". Tundra is found in the regions just below the ice caps of the Arctic, extending across North America, to Europe, and Siberia in Asia. Temperatures usually range between -40°C (-40 °F) and 18°C (64°F). The temperatures are so cold that there is a layer of permanently frozen ground below the surface, called permafrost. This permafrost is a defining characteristic of the tundra biome. In the tundra summers, the top layer of soil thaws only a few inches down, providing a growing surface for the roots of vegetation. This biome sees 150 to 250 mm (6 to 10 in) of rain per year. Vegetation in the tundra has adapted to the cold and the short growing season and consists of lichens, mosses, grasses, sedges, shrubs, but almost no trees due to short growing season and permafrost." + }, + "Coniferous Forest biome": { + "text": "The coniferous forest is sandwiched in between the tundra to the north and the deciduous forest to the south. Coniferous forest regions have cold, long, snowy winters, and warm, humid summers; well-defined seasons; and at least four to six frost-free months. The average temperature in winter ranges from -40°C (-40°F) to 20°C (68°F). The average summer temperatures are usually around 10°C (50°F). 300 to 900 mm (12 to 35 in) of rain per year can be expected in this biome. Vegetation consists of trees that produce cones and needles called, Coniferous-evergreen trees. Some needles remain on the trees all year long. Some of the more common conifers are spruces, pines, and firs." + }, + "Temperate Deciduous Forest biome": { + "text": "Temperate deciduous forests are located in the mid-latitude areas which means that they are found between the polar regions and the tropics. The deciduous forest regions are exposed to warm and cold air masses, which cause this area to have four seasons. Hot summers and cold winters are typical in this biome. The average daily temperatures range between -30°C (-22°F) and 30°C (86°F) with a yearly average of 10°C (50°F). On average, this biome receives 750 to 1,500 mm (30 to 59 in) of rain per year. Vegetation includes broadleaf trees (oaks, maples, beeches), shrubs, perennial herbs, and mosses. Temperate deciduous forests are most notable for their transitioning through four seasons. Leaves change color (or senesce) in autumn, fall off in the winter, and grow back in the spring; this adaptation allows plants to survive cold winters." + }, + "Rainforest biome": { + "text": "The rainforest biome remains warm all year and must stay frost-free. The average daily temperatures range from 20°C (68°F) to 25°C (77°F). Rainforests receive the most rain of all of the biomes in a year! A typical year sees 2,000 to 10,000 mm (79 to 394 in) of rain per year. Vegetation typically includes vines, palm trees, orchids, ferns. There are two types of rainforests, tropical and temperate. Tropical rainforests are found closer to the equator and temperate rainforests are found farther north near coastal areas. The majority of common houseplants come from the rainforest." + }, + "Grassland biome": { + "text": "Grasslands are generally open and continuous, fairly flat areas of grass. They are often located between temperate forests at high latitudes and deserts at subtropical latitudes. Found on every continent except Antarctica. Depending on latitude, the annual temperature range can be between -20°C (-4°F) to 30°C (86°F). Grasslands receive around 500 to 900 mm (20 to 35 in) of rain per year. Tropical grasslands have dry and wet seasons that remain warm all the time. Temperate grasslands have cold winters and warm summers with some rain. Vegetation is dominated by grasses, but can include sedges and rushes along with some legumes (clover) and herbs. The grasses die back to their roots annually and the soil and the sod protect the roots and the new buds from the cold of winter or dry conditions. A few trees may be found in this biome along the streams, but not many due to the lack of rainfall." + }, + "Shrubland biome": { + "text": "Shrublands include regions such as chaparral, woodland and savanna, and are composed of shrubs or short trees. Many shrubs thrive on steep, rocky slopes, but there is usually not enough rain to support tall trees. Shrublands are the areas that are located in west coastal regions between 30° and 40° North and South latitude. These regions are usually found surrounding deserts and grasslands. The summers are hot and dry with temperatures reaching up to 38°C (100°F). In the winter, temperatures stay around -1 °C (30°F) and are cool and moist. Annual rainfall in the shrublands varies greatly but generally 200 to 1,000 mm (8 to 40 in) of rain per year can be expected. Vegetation comprises aromatic herbs (sage, rosemary, thyme, oregano), shrubs, acacia, chamise, grasses. Plants have adapted to fire caused by the frequent lightning that occurs in the hot, dry summers." + }, + "Desert biome": { + "text": "Desert biomes are the driest of all the biomes. In fact, the most important characteristic of a desert is that it receives very little rainfall. Deserts get about 250 mm (10 in) of rain per year - the least amount of rain of all of the biomes. During the day, desert temperatures rise to an average of 38°C (100°F). At night, desert temperatures fall to an average of -4°C (about 25°F). Vegetation is sparse consisting of cacti, small bushes, short grasses. Perennials survive for several years by becoming dormant and flourishing when water is available. Annuals are referred to as ephemerals because some can complete an entire life cycle in weeks. Since desert conditions are so severe, the plants that live there need to have adaptations to compensate for the lack of water. Some plants, such as cacti, store water in their stems and use it very slowly, while others like bushes conserve water by growing few leaves or by having large root systems to gather water." + } + }, "Climate": { "Climate": { "text": "a wide equatorial band of hot and humid tropical climates, bordered north and south by subtropical temperate zones that separate two large areas of cold and dry polar climates"