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auto-update week 43
This commit is contained in:
Yo Robot
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@ -121,9 +121,6 @@
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},
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"Geography - note": {
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"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between the South Atlantic and the South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); diverse geophysical landscapes range from tropical climates in the north to tundra in the far south; Cerro Aconcagua is the Western Hemisphere's tallest mountain, while Laguna del Carbon is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere; shares Iguazu Falls, the world's largest waterfalls system, with Brazil<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>southeast Bolivia and northwest Argentina seem to be the original development site for peanuts"
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},
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"Map description": {
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"text": "<p>Argentina map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the South Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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@ -625,7 +622,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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"highest courts": {
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"highest court(s)": {
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"text": "Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (consists of the court president, vice president, 2 judges, 1 vacancy)"
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},
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"judge selection and term of office": {
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@ -1119,7 +1116,7 @@
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},
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"Telecommunication systems": {
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"general assessment": {
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"text": "Argentina’s ongoing hyperinflation continues to distort the telecom market’s performance, which shows strong growth in revenue but only modest gains in subscriber numbers each year; fixed-line teledensity continues on its slow, gradual decline year upon year, the fixed broadband segment has increased levels only slightly higher than the fixed-line teledensity; nearly a quarter of the country’s broadband connections are via DSL, although fiber is increasing it's share of that market as networks expand across most of the main cities; mobile broadband continues to be the preferred platform for internet access, supported by high mobile levels and nationwide LTE coverage; the first 5G service was launched in February 2021 using re-farmed LTE frequencies; the various fixed, mobile, and cable operators are expanding and enhancing their services, the government is also making an active contribution towards boosting broadband connectivity around the country; its national connectivity plan ‘Plan Conectar’, launched in September 2020, provides funding for a range of programs to increase coverage; in August 2021, the telecom regulator announced the release of a further ARS671.6 million in funding to help operators accelerate the rollout of their broadband infrastructure and services. (2021)"
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"text": "Argentina’s ongoing hyperinflation continues to distort the telecom market’s performance, which shows strong growth in revenue but only modest gains in subscriber numbers each year; fixed-line teledensity continues on its slow, gradual decline year upon year, the fixed broadband segment has increased levels only slightly higher than the fixed-line teledensity; nearly a quarter of the country’s broadband connections are via DSL, although fiber is increasing it's share of that market as networks expand across most of the main cities; mobile broadband continues to be the preferred platform for internet access, supported by high mobile levels and nationwide LTE coverage; the first 5G service was launched in February 2021 using re-farmed LTE frequencies; the various fixed, mobile, and cable operators are expanding and enhancing their services, the government is also making an active contribution towards boosting broadband connectivity around the country; its national connectivity plan ‘Plan Conectar’, launched in September 2020, provides funding for a range of programs to increase coverage (2021)"
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},
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"domestic": {
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"text": "roughly 16 per 100 fixed-line and 121 per 100 mobile-cellular; microwave radio relay, fiber-optic cable, and a domestic satellite system with 40 earth stations serve the trunk network (2020)"
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@ -107,9 +107,6 @@
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},
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"Geography - note": {
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"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the southern regions of Peru and the extreme northwestern part of Bolivia are considered to be the place of origin for the common potato, while southeast Bolivia and northwest Argentina seem to be the original development site for peanuts"
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},
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"Map description": {
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"text": "Bolivia map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries."
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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@ -235,7 +232,7 @@
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},
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"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
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"text": "21.1 years (2008 est.)",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
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},
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"Maternal mortality ratio": {
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"text": "155 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
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@ -631,7 +628,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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"highest courts": {
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"highest court(s)": {
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"text": "Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (consists of 12 judges or ministros organized into civil, penal, social, and administrative chambers); Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 7 primary and 7 alternate magistrates); Plurinational Electoral Organ (consists of 7 members and 6 alternates); National Agro-Environment Court (consists of 5 primary and 5 alternate judges; Council of the Judiciary (consists of 3 primary and 3 alternate judges)"
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},
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"judge selection and term of office": {
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@ -650,7 +647,7 @@
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},
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"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Alejandro Roberto BILBAO LA VIEJA RUIZ, First Secretary (since 6 July 2021)"
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"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Maysa Rossana URENA MENACHO (since 1 September 2022)"
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},
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"chancery": {
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"text": "3014 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20008"
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@ -1130,7 +1127,7 @@
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},
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"Telecommunication systems": {
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"general assessment": {
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"text": "the structure of Bolivia’s fixed telecom market is different from most other countries; local services are primarily provided by 15 telecom cooperatives; these are non-profit-making companies privately owned and controlled by their users; since the market was liberalized, the cooperatives have also provided long-distance telephony, while several also offer broadband and pay TV service; they have invested in network upgrades in a bid to improve services for customers, and to expand their footprints; Bolivia has a multi-carrier system wherein consumers can choose a long-distance carrier for each call by dialing the carrier’s prefix; several operators have also adopted fixed-wireless technologies, and some rent fiber-optic capacity; state-owned Empresa Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (Entel) is the country’s incumbent long-distance operator, also offering local telephony, DSL, and pay TV services; its subsidiary Entel Movil is Bolivia’s largest mobile network provider; the fixed broadband services remain expensive, though the cost of bandwidth is only a fraction of what it was only a few years ago; services are still unavailable in many rural and remote areas, and even in some of the major urban areas; being a landlocked country, Bolivia had no direct access to submarine cable networks, and relies on satellite services or terrestrial links across neighboring countries; in September 2020 Entel inaugurated a new cable running via Peru, which has increased capacity and contributed to a dramatic fall in end-user prices; fixed broadband services are fast migrating from DSL to fiber, while there are also cable broadband services available in some major cities; in 2007 Entel has focused on providing telecom services in rural areas under a project known as ‘Territory with Total Coverage’; this project aims to increase telecom coverage through mobile rather than through fixed networks; <br>Bolivia has almost twenty times as many mobile phone subscribers as fixed line connections, and the trend towards fixed-mobile substitution continues; besides Entel, two other companies offer mobile telephony: Tigo, wholly owned by Luxembourg-based Millicom International, and NuevaTel, trading as Viva and controlled by Trilogy International; a proposed deal to merge Millicom’s business units in the region with those of Liberty Latin America was called off in February 2019; all three mobile companies offer 3G and LTE services; due to the poor quality, high cost, and poor reach of DSL, mobile networks have become the principal platform for voice services and data access; Tigo launched the first LTE services in mid-2014, followed by Viva in mid-2015; by early 2021 both companies’ networks reached more than 95% of the population; about 92% of all internet accesses are via smartphones. (2021)"
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"text": "the structure of Bolivia’s fixed telecom market is different from most other countries; local services are primarily provided by 15 telecom cooperatives; these are non-profit-making companies privately owned and controlled by their users; since the market was liberalized, the cooperatives have also provided long-distance telephony, while several also offer broadband and pay TV service; they have invested in network upgrades in a bid to improve services for customers, and to expand their footprints; Bolivia has a multi-carrier system wherein consumers can choose a long-distance carrier for each call by dialing the carrier’s prefix; several operators have also adopted fixed-wireless technologies, and some rent fiber-optic capacity; the fixed broadband services remain expensive, though the cost of bandwidth is only a fraction of what it was only a few years ago; services are still unavailable in many rural and remote areas, and even in some of the major urban areas; being a landlocked country, Bolivia had no direct access to submarine cable networks, and relies on satellite services or terrestrial links across neighboring countries; in September 2020 a new cable running via Peru, has increased capacity and contributed to a dramatic fall in end-user prices; fixed broadband services are fast migrating from DSL to fiber, while there are also cable broadband services available in some major cities; in 2007 the focus was on providing telecom services in rural areas under a project known as ‘Territory with Total Coverage’; this project aims to increase telecom coverage through mobile rather than through fixed networks; <br>Bolivia has almost twenty times as many mobile phone subscribers as fixed line connections, and the trend towards fixed-mobile substitution continues; all the mobile companies offer 3G and LTE services; due to the poor quality, high cost, and poor reach of DSL, mobile networks have become the principal platform for voice services and data access; by early 2021 companies’ networks reached more than 95% of the population; about 92% of all internet accesses are via smartphones (2021)"
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},
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"domestic": {
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"text": "5 per 100 fixed-line, mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly and teledensity stands at 101 per 100 persons; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and other capital cities (2020)"
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@ -122,9 +122,6 @@
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},
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"Geography - note": {
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"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> largest country in South America and in the Southern Hemisphere; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador; most of the Pantanal, the world's largest tropical wetland, extends through the west central part of the country; shares Iguazu Falls, the world's largest waterfalls system, with Argentina<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> cassava (manioc) the sixth most important food crop in the world - after maize, rice, wheat, potatoes, and soybeans - seems to have originated in the west-central part of Brazil; pineapples are probably indigenous to the southern Brazil-Paraguay region"
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},
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"Map description": {
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"text": "<p>Brazil map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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@ -655,7 +652,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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"highest courts": {
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"highest court(s)": {
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"text": "Supreme Federal Court or Supremo Tribunal Federal (consists of 11 justices)"
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},
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"judge selection and term of office": {
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@ -1151,7 +1148,7 @@
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},
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"Telecommunication systems": {
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"general assessment": {
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"text": "Brazil is one of the largest mobile and broadband markets in Latin America with healthy competition and pricing; the development of 5G, was scheduled for March 2020 but was delayed due to interference issues with satellite TV broadcasts and the pandemic; the auction was completed November 2021; the licenses are obliged to provide 5G services to all capital cities by July 2022, as well as about 35,500km of the national highway network; the country also has one of the largest fixed line broadband markets in Latin America, though broadband subscriptions is only slightly above the regional average, trailing behind Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay; amendments to the licensing regime adopted in October 2019 also require that ISPs which have switched to authorizations invest money saved from lighter regulations in the expansion of broadband services; the fixed line broadband market has seen rapid growth for a number of years, with a growing focus on fiber broadband; in 2019 the number of fiber accesses overtook DSL connections; Vivo has the largest share of the fiber market, followed by Oi and Claro; the country is a key landing point for a number of important submarine cables connecting to the US, Central and South America, the Caribbean, Europe, and Africa; several new cable systems are due to come into service through to 2022, which will increase bandwidth and push down broadband prices for end-users; investments have also been made into terrestrial fiber cables between Brazil, Argentina, and Chile. (2021)"
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"text": "Brazil is one of the largest mobile and broadband markets in Latin America with healthy competition and pricing; the development of 5G, was scheduled for March 2020 but was delayed due to interference issues with satellite TV broadcasts and the pandemic; the auction was completed November 2021; the licenses are obliged to provide 5G services to all capital cities by July 2022, as well as about 35,500km of the national highway network; the country also has one of the largest fixed line broadband markets in Latin America, though broadband subscriptions is only slightly above the regional average, trailing behind Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay; amendments to the licensing regime adopted in October 2019 also require that ISPs which have switched to authorizations invest money saved from lighter regulations in the expansion of broadband services; the fixed line broadband market has seen rapid growth for a number of years, with a growing focus on fiber broadband; in 2019 the number of fiber accesses overtook DSL connections; the country is a key landing point for a number of important submarine cables connecting to the US, Central and South America, the Caribbean, Europe, and Africa; several new cable systems are due to come into service through to 2022, which will increase bandwidth and push down broadband prices for end-users; investments have also been made into terrestrial fiber cables between Brazil, Argentina, and Chile. (2021)"
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},
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"domestic": {
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"text": "fixed-line connections stand at roughly 14 per 100 persons; less-expensive mobile-cellular technology has been a major impetus broadening telephone service to the lower-income segments of the population with mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 97 per 100 persons (2020)"
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@ -110,9 +110,6 @@
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},
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"Geography - note": {
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"text": "<p><strong>note 1:</strong> the longest north-south trending country in the world, extending across 39 degrees of latitude; strategic location relative to sea lanes between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage)</p> <p><strong>note 2:</strong> Chile is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire</p> <p><strong>note 3:</strong> the Atacama Desert - the driest desert in the world - spreads across the northern part of the country; Ojos del Salado (6,893 m) in the Atacama Desert is the highest active volcano in the world, Chile's tallest mountain, and the second highest in the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere - its small crater lake (at 6,390 m) is the world's highest lake </p>"
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},
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"Map description": {
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"text": "<p>Chile map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the South Pacific Ocean.</p>"
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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@ -604,7 +601,7 @@
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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"highest courts": {
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"highest court(s)": {
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"text": "Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (consists of a court president and 20 members or ministros); Constitutional Court (consists of 10 members and is independent of the rest of the judiciary); Elections Qualifying Court (consists of 5 members)"
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},
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"judge selection and term of office": {
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@ -1093,7 +1090,7 @@
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},
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"Telecommunication systems": {
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"general assessment": {
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"text": "the market for fixed and mobile telephony is highly competitive and rapidly evolving; the mobile rate is among the highest in South America; Movistar and Entel remain the market leaders, followed by Claro and WOM; LTE infrastructure is extensive and 5G spectrum auctions which took place in February 2021 are expected to prompt the deployment of 5G networks by the end of the year, following extensive trials held by the MNOs; fixed broadband is relatively high for the region, with services among the fastest and least expensive in Latin America; government initiatives such as the National Fiber Optic project and Fibra Óptica Austral are providing high-capacity connectivity across the country and will further increase fixed-line broadband; there is a strong focus on fiber broadband, with the number of fiber subscribers having increased 61.7% in 2020, year-on-year; Movistar dominates the fiber broadband market, with a 49.7% market share at the end of 2020; technological improvements have allowed operators to provide a variety of services via their networks, giving rise to a number of bundled packages at competitive prices, including access to video on demand services which in turn is increasing fixed-line broadband; the leading fixed broadband operators are Telefónica Chile, trading as Movistar, VTR Globalcom (VTR), the GTD Group, Entel, Claro, and WOM; traditional fixed-line teledensity continues to fall as consumers switch to mobile networks and to fixed broadband for voice and data connectivity; Humboldt submarine cable project to link Chile with New Zealand and Australia; more than 8,300 schools receive free broadband as part of the ‘Connectivity for Education 2030’ project; regulator completes multi-band 5G spectrum auction, agrees to SpaceX providing its Starlink satellite broadband service (2021)"
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"text": "the market for fixed and mobile telephony is highly competitive and rapidly evolving; the mobile rate is among the highest in South America; LTE infrastructure is extensive and 5G spectrum auctions which took place in February 2021 are expected to prompt the deployment of 5G networks by the end of the year, following extensive trials held by the MNOs; fixed broadband is relatively high for the region, with services among the fastest and least expensive in Latin America; government initiatives such as the National Fiber Optic project and Fibra Óptica Austral are providing high-capacity connectivity across the country and will further increase fixed-line broadband; there is a strong focus on fiber broadband, with the number of fiber subscribers having increased 61.7% in 2020, year-on-year; technological improvements have allowed operators to provide a variety of services via their networks, giving rise to a number of bundled packages at competitive prices, including access to video on demand services which in turn is increasing fixed-line broadband; traditional fixed-line teledensity continues to fall as consumers switch to mobile networks and to fixed broadband for voice and data connectivity; Humboldt submarine cable project to link Chile with New Zealand and Australia; more than 8,300 schools receive free broadband as part of the ‘Connectivity for Education 2030’ project; regulator completes multi-band 5G spectrum auction (2021)"
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},
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"domestic": {
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"text": "number of fixed-line connections have dropped to about 13 per 100 in recent years as mobile-cellular usage continues to increase, reaching 131 telephones per 100 persons; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations (2020)"
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},
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"Geography - note": {
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"text": "only South American country with coastlines on both the North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea"
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},
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"Map description": {
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"text": "<p>Colombia map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the North Pacific Ocean.</p>"
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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},
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"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
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"text": "21.7 years (2015 est.)",
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
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},
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"Maternal mortality ratio": {
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"text": "83 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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"highest courts": {
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"highest court(s)": {
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"text": "Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of the Civil-Agrarian and Labor Chambers each with 7 judges, and the Penal Chamber with 9 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 magistrates); Council of State (consists of 27 judges); Superior Judiciary Council (consists of 13 magistrates)"
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},
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"judge selection and term of office": {
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},
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"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
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"chief of mission": {
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"text": "Ambassador Juan Carlos PINZON Bueno (since August 2021)"
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"text": "Ambassador Luis Gilberto MURILLO URRUTIA (since 16 September 2022)"
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},
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"chancery": {
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"text": "1724 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036"
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},
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"Telecommunication systems": {
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"general assessment": {
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"text": "the telecom sector had a solid year thanks to positive performances in the fixed-line broadband, mobile broadband, and mobile voice and data market; fixed-line remained stable by the end of 2020, though began to increase into 2021 as a result of the particular demands on households resulting from government measures associated with addressing the pandemic; at less than 15% it is well below the Latin American average; the mobile market, by contrast, reached a penetration rate of 136% (an increase of over three percentage points on 2019) and managed to keep the same upward growth trajectory that it has sustained over the last ten years; the fixed-line broadband market also expanded, with the number of subscribers increasing 11.4%, and with revenue increasing 9.9% thanks to increased data usage as many customers were forced to work or study from home during the year; the mobile broadband market was the standout performer in 2020, with a 13% increase in the number of subscribers year-on-year, albeit the subscription rate is relatively low compared to other Latin American countries; the surge in mobile broadband traffic — a 51% increase over the previous year — which was again a reflection of the strict lock downs that Colombians had to endure for much of 2020; market leader Claro continued to expand its dominance of the mobile broadband market, increasing its share over the last decade by 10% to reach 54% at the start of 2021; Tigo has seen its share halved over the same period of time, yet its subscriber base has still managed to grow on the back of a strong overall market. Tigo also suffered the most from Colombia’s imposed lock downs in 2020, severely impacting its retail sales (a 20% decline in revenue) with nearly half of its stores being forced to close; Movistar and Claro awarded spectrum in the 3.5GHz band for 5G trials (2021)"
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"text": "the telecom sector had a solid year thanks to positive performances in the fixed-line broadband, mobile broadband, and mobile voice and data market; fixed-line remained stable by the end of 2020, though began to increase into 2021 as a result of the particular demands on households resulting from government measures associated with addressing the pandemic; at less than 15% it is well below the Latin American average; the mobile market, by contrast, reached a penetration rate of 136% (an increase of over three percentage points on 2019) and managed to keep the same upward growth trajectory that it has sustained over the last ten years; the fixed-line broadband market also expanded, with the number of subscribers increasing 11.4%, and with revenue increasing 9.9% thanks to increased data usage as many customers were forced to work or study from home during the year; the mobile broadband market was the standout performer in 2020, with a 13% increase in the number of subscribers year-on-year, albeit the subscription rate is relatively low compared to other Latin American countries; the surge in mobile broadband traffic — a 51% increase over the previous year — which was again a reflection of the strict lock downs that Colombians had to endure for much of 2020 (2021)"
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},
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"domestic": {
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"text": "fixed-line connections stand at about 14 per 100 persons; mobile cellular telephone subscribership is 133 per 100 persons; Partners Telecom Colombia's (WOM) market entrance in June 2021 increased competition among cellular service providers and is resulting in falling local and international calling rates and contributing to the steep decline in the market share of fixed-line services; domestic satellite system with 41 earth stations (2021)"
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},
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"Geography - note": {
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"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> genetic research indicates that the cherry-sized tomato originated in Ecuador without any human domestication; later domestication in Mexico transformed the plant into the large modern tomato; archeological research indicates that the cacao tree, whose seeds are used to make chocolate and which was long thought to have originated in Mesoamerica, was first domesticated in the upper Amazon region of northwest South America - present-day Ecuador - about 3,300 B.C."
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},
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"Map description": {
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"text": "<p>Ecuador map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Pacific Ocean.</p>"
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}
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},
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"People and Society": {
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}
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},
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"Judicial branch": {
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"highest courts": {
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"highest court(s)": {
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"text": "National Court of Justice or Corte Nacional de Justicia (consists of 21 judges, including the chief justice and organized into 5 specialized chambers); Constitutional Court or Corte Constitucional (consists of the court president and 8 judges)"
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},
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"judge selection and term of office": {
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@ -1116,7 +1113,7 @@
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},
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"Telecommunication systems": {
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"general assessment": {
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"text": "Ecuador’s remote and mountainous geography lends challenges to tele-density; government-owned provider to improve fixed-line and LTE infrastructure, with emphasis on fiber expansion from urban to rural areas and installation of a 5G network; small telecom market dominated by the non-competitive mobile sector; inadequate fixed-line infrastructure and slowed fixed-line broadband services (2020). (2020)"
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"text": "Ecuador’s remote and mountainous geography lends challenges to tele-density; government-owned provider to improve fixed-line and LTE infrastructure, with emphasis on fiber expansion from urban to rural areas and installation of a 5G network; small telecom market dominated by the non-competitive mobile sector; inadequate fixed-line infrastructure and slowed fixed-line broadband services (2020) (2020)"
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},
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"domestic": {
|
||||
"text": "according to 2021 statistics from the Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Society, 50 percent of Ecuadorian homes do not have access to fixed internet. Ecuador’s telecoms regulator, ARCOTEL is currently evaluating and reorganizing the 3.5GHz, 2.5 GHz, 700 MHz and AWS spectrum for future government tenders. 2G/3G technologies have a 91.11 percent of penetration and 4G technologies has 60.74 percent (2021). (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -96,9 +96,6 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Map description": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) map showing the islands that make up this UK territory in the South Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -405,7 +402,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
"highest courts": {
|
||||
"highest court(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, the chief justice as an ex officio non-resident member, and 2 justices of appeal); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"judge selection and term of office": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -104,9 +104,6 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the third-smallest country in South America after Suriname and Uruguay; substantial portions of its western and eastern territories are claimed by Venezuela and Suriname respectively; contains some of the largest unspoiled rainforests on the continent"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Map description": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Guyana map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and the North Atlantic Ocean.</p> <p> </p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -227,7 +224,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
|
||||
"text": "20.8 years (2009 est.)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-29"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "667 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -608,7 +605,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
"highest courts": {
|
||||
"highest court(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "Supreme Court of Judicature (consists of the Court of Appeal with a chief justice and 3 justices, and the High Court with a chief justice and 10 justices organized into 3- or 5-judge panels); note - in 2009, Guyana acceded to the Caribbean Court of Justice as the final court of appeal in civil and criminal cases, replacing that of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"judge selection and term of office": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1074,7 +1071,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Telecommunication systems": {
|
||||
"general assessment": {
|
||||
"text": "After many years of delays and legal challenges, the 2016 Telecommunications Act was brought into force in October 2020 by the newly elected government of the People’s Party Progressive (PPP); the end of the 31-year monopoly held by the fixed-line incumbent Guyana Telephone and Telegraph (GTT) occurred just two months after the PPP took power from the APNU+AFC coalition, which had signed a non-binding agreement with GTT in 2019 to liberalise Guyana’s telecoms market but failed to take any concrete action to make it happen; the Telecommunications Act sets out a framework for enabling competition across all segments of the telecommunications sector in Guyana; the mobile market has been open to competition since 2001, but only one operator, Digicel Guyana, has successfully launched competing GSM and 3G services; while Digicel quickly built a small lead in the mobile market, it remains a duopoly, and subscription levels are well below those of other countries in the region; the Telecommunications Act presents the country with the potential to benefit from a more level playing field that may attract new players, but nevertheless Guyana’s relatively small size and low GDP may restrict it from reaching its full potential for some more years to come. (2021)"
|
||||
"text": "after many years of delays and legal challenges, the 2016 Telecommunications Act was brought into force in October 2020 by the newly elected government of the People’s Party Progressive (PPP); the Telecommunications Act sets out a framework for enabling competition across all segments of the telecommunications sector in Guyana; the mobile market has been open to competition since 2001; the Telecommunications Act presents the country with the potential to benefit from a more level playing field that may attract new players, but nevertheless Guyana’s relatively small size and low GDP may restrict it from reaching its full potential for some more years to come (2021)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"domestic": {
|
||||
"text": "fixed-line teledensity is about 18 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 83 per 100 persons (2019)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -101,9 +101,6 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "smallest independent country on South American continent; mostly tropical rain forest; great diversity of flora and fauna that, for the most part, is increasingly threatened by new development; relatively small population, mostly along the coast"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Map description": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Suriname map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and the North Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -594,7 +591,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
"highest courts": {
|
||||
"highest court(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "High Court of Justice of Suriname (consists of the court president, vice president, and 4 judges); note - appeals beyond the High Court are referred to the Caribbean Court of Justice; human rights violations can be appealed to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights with judgments issued by the Inter-American Court on Human Rights"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"judge selection and term of office": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1079,7 +1076,7 @@
|
|||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 597; landing point for the SG-SCS submarine cable linking South America with the Caribbean; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "2 state-owned TV stations; 1 state-owned radio station; multiple private radio and TV stations (2019)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -102,9 +102,6 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<strong>note 1: </strong>landlocked; lies between Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil; population concentrated in eastern and southern part of country<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> pineapples are probably indigenous to the southern Brazil-Paraguay region "
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Map description": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Paraguay map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -229,7 +226,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
|
||||
"text": "22.9 years (2008 est.)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-29"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "84 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -613,7 +610,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
"highest courts": {
|
||||
"highest court(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 9 justices divided 3 each into the Constitutional Court, Civil and Commercial Chamber, and Criminal Division)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"judge selection and term of office": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1107,7 +1104,7 @@
|
|||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 595; Paraguay's landlocked position means they must depend on neighbors for interconnection with submarine cable networks, making it cost more for broadband services; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "6 privately owned TV stations; about 75 commercial and community radio stations; 1 state-owned radio network (2019)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -115,9 +115,6 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<p><strong>note 1:</strong> shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia; a remote slope of Nevado Mismi, a 5,316 m peak, is the ultimate source of the Amazon River</p> <p><strong>note 2:</strong> Peru is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire<br><br><strong>note 3:</strong> on 19 February 1600, Mount Huaynaputina in the southern Peruvian Andes erupted in the largest volcanic explosion in South America in historical times; intermittent eruptions lasted until 5 March 1600 and pumped an estimated 16 to 32 million metric tons of particulates into the atmosphere reducing the amount of sunlight reaching the earth's surface and affecting weather worldwide; over the next two and a half years, millions died around the globe in famines from bitterly cold winters, cool summers, and the loss of crops and animals<br><br><strong>note 4:</strong> the southern regions of Peru and the extreme northwestern part of Bolivia are considered to be the place of origin for the common potato </p>"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Map description": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Peru map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the South Pacific Ocean.</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -242,7 +239,7 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
|
||||
"text": "21.9 years (2013 est.)",
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
|
||||
"text": "88 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
|
||||
|
|
@ -649,7 +646,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
"highest courts": {
|
||||
"highest court(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 16 judges and divided into civil, criminal, and constitutional-social sectors)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"judge selection and term of office": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1155,7 +1152,7 @@
|
|||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 51; landing points for the SAM-1, IGW, American Movil-Telxius, SAC and PAN-AM submarine cable systems that provide links to parts of Central and South America, the Caribbean, and US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "10 major TV networks of which only one, Television Nacional de Peru, is state owned; multi-channel cable TV services are available; in excess of 5,000 radio stations including a substantial number of indigenous language stations (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -75,9 +75,6 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Map description": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands map showing the islands that make up this UK territory in the South Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -115,9 +115,6 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "second-smallest South American country (after Suriname); most of the low-lying landscape (three-quarters of the country) is grassland, ideal for cattle and sheep raising"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Map description": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Uruguay map showing major population centers as well as parts of neighboring countries and the South Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -613,7 +610,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
"highest courts": {
|
||||
"highest court(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of 5 judges)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"judge selection and term of office": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1111,7 +1108,7 @@
|
|||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 598; landing points for the Unisor, Tannat, and Bicentenario submarine cable system providing direct connectivity to Brazil and Argentina; Bicentenario 2012 and Tannat 2017 cables helped end-users with Internet bandwidth; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "mixture of privately owned and state-run broadcast media; more than 100 commercial radio stations and about 20 TV channels; cable TV is available; many community radio and TV stations; adopted the hybrid Japanese/Brazilian HDTV standard (ISDB-T) in December 2010 (2019)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -115,9 +115,6 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
"Geography - note": {
|
||||
"text": "<p><strong>note 1:</strong> the country lies on major sea and air routes linking North and South America</p> <p><strong>note 2:</strong> Venezuela has some of the most unique geology in the world; tepuis are massive table-top mountains of the western Guiana Highlands that tend to be isolated and thus support unique endemic plant and animal species; their sheer cliffsides account for some of the most spectacular waterfalls in the world including Angel Falls, the world's highest (979 m) that drops off Auyan Tepui</p>"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Map description": {
|
||||
"text": "<p>Venezuela map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Caribbean Sea.</p>"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"People and Society": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -603,7 +600,7 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Judicial branch": {
|
||||
"highest courts": {
|
||||
"highest court(s)": {
|
||||
"text": "Supreme Tribunal of Justice (consists of 32 judges organized into constitutional, political-administrative, electoral, civil appeals, criminal appeals, and social divisions)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"judge selection and term of office": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -1085,7 +1082,7 @@
|
|||
"international": {
|
||||
"text": "country code - 58; landing points for the Venezuela Festoon, ARCOS, PAN-AM, SAC, GlobeNet, ALBA-1 and Americas II submarine cable system providing connectivity to the Caribbean, Central and South America, and US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 PanAmSat (2020)"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
|
||||
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"Broadcast media": {
|
||||
"text": "Venezuela has a mixture of state-run and private broadcast media that are subject to high levels of regime control, including the shuttering of opposition-leaning media outlets; 13 public service networks, 61 privately owned TV networks, a privately owned news channel with limited national coverage, and a regime-backed Pan-American channel; 3 regime-run radio networks officially control roughly 65 news stations and another 30 stations targeted at specific audiences; regime-sponsored community broadcasters include 235 radio stations and 44 TV stations; the number of private broadcast radio stations has been declining, but many still remain in operation (2021)"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue