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5
europe/al.json
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@ -106,9 +106,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links Adriatic Sea to Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea)"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "Albania map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Adriatic Sea."
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -611,7 +608,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 19 judges, including the chief justice); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, including the chairman)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {

5
europe/an.json
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@ -93,9 +93,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Andorra map showing major towns as well as parts of neighboring France and Spain.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -527,7 +524,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de la Justicia d'Andorra (consists of the court president and 8 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 4 magistrates)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {

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europe/au.json
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@ -104,9 +104,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "note 1: landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere<br><br>note 2: the world's largest and longest ice cave system at 42 km (26 mi) is the Eisriesenwelt (Ice Giants World) inside the Hochkogel mountain near Werfen, about 40 km south of Salzburg; ice caves are bedrock caves that contain year-round ice formations; they differ from glacial caves, which are transient and are formed by melting ice and flowing water within and under glaciers"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Austria map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -573,7 +570,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (since 26 January 2017)"
"text": "President Alexander VAN DER BELLEN (since 26 January 2017); note - President Alexander VAN DER BELLEN was re-elected to a second six year term on 9 October 2022"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Chancellor Karl NEHAMMER (since 6 December 2021); note - Chancellor Alexander SCHALLENBERG resigned on 2 December 2021"
@ -600,7 +597,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Justice or Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 85 judges organized into 17 senates or panels of 5 judges each); Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgerichtshof (consists of 20 judges including 6 substitutes; Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof - 2 judges plus other members depending on the importance of the case)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1092,7 +1089,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "mature telecom market, dominated by Telekom Austria, Magenta Telekom (formed from the merger of T-Mobile Austria and the cableco UPC Austria), and 3 Austria; the mobile market benefits from a growing number of Mobile Virtual Network Operators; the telcos as well as the government and regulator have been focused on delivering improved telecom infrastructure; the government has a program to provide a national gigabit service by 2030, delivered by private enterprise though with some state funding; this is based on fiber networks supported by 5G, with the Mobile Network Operators able to expand the reach of their 5G services following auctions held in March 2019 and September 2020; the fixed-line broadband market is still dominated by the DSL sector, while the cable broadband sector has held a steady share of connections in recent years; the fiber sector was slow to develop, and although fiber remains low there are plans to build out the network infrastructure; by February 2021, A1 Telekom&rsquo;s fibre network reached more than 2.3 million premises; Magenta Telekom continues to invest in DOCSIS3.1 technology, and by mid-2021 about a third of premises (some 1.4 million) nationally could access the company&rsquo;s gigabit service. (2021)"
"text": "mature telecom market; the mobile market benefits from a growing number of Mobile Virtual Network Operators; the telcos as well as the government and regulator have been focused on delivering improved telecom infrastructure; the government has a program to provide a national gigabit service by 2030, delivered by private enterprise though with some state funding; this is based on fiber networks supported by 5G, with the Mobile Network Operators able to expand the reach of their 5G services following auctions held in March 2019 and September 2020; the fixed-line broadband market is still dominated by the DSL sector, while the cable broadband sector has held a steady share of connections in recent years; the fiber sector was slow to develop, and although fiber remains low there are plans to build out the network infrastructure (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "developed and efficient; 42 per 100 fixed-line for households, 174 per 100 for companies; roughly 119 per 100 mobile-cellular; broadband: 138 per 100 on smartphones; roughly 29 per 100 fixed broadband and 107 per 100 mobile broadband (2020)"
@ -1274,7 +1271,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "57,887 (Syria), 41,037 (Afghanistan), 9,661 (Iraq), 8,212 (Somalia), 7,046 (Iran), 7,003 (Russia) (mid-year 2021); 83,684 (Ukraine) (as of 10 October 2022)"
"text": "57,887 (Syria), 41,037 (Afghanistan), 9,661 (Iraq), 8,212 (Somalia), 7,046 (Iran), 7,003 (Russia) (mid-year 2021); 84,076 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "3,229 (mid-year 2021)"

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europe/ax.json
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@ -39,9 +39,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus; of the Sovereign Base Area (SBA) land, 60% is privately owned and farmed, 20% is owned by the Ministry of Defense, and 20% is SBA Crown land"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "Akrotiri map showing the UK Sovereign Base Area as well as the adjacent part of south Cyprus."
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -198,7 +195,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Senior Judges' Court (consists of several visiting judges from England and Wales)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {

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europe/be.json
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@ -107,9 +107,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "crossroads of Western Europe; most West European capitals are within 1,000 km of Brussels, the seat of both the EU and NATO"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Belgium map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the North Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -591,7 +588,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the 1993 constitutional revision that further devolved Belgium into a federal state created three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; this reality leaves six governments, each with its own legislative assembly; changes above occurred since the sixth state reform"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Constitutional Court or Grondwettelijk Hof (in Dutch) and Cour Constitutionelle (in French) (consists of 12 judges - 6 Dutch-speaking and 6 French-speaking); Supreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie (in Dutch) and Cour de Cassation (in French) (court organized into 3 chambers: civil and commercial; criminal; social, fiscal, and armed forces; each chamber includes a Dutch division and a French division, each with a chairperson and 5-6 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1080,7 +1077,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Belgium&rsquo;s mobile market is served by the three network operators Proximus, Orange Belgium, and BASE, and by a good number of Mobile Virtual Network Operators; mobile networks have been upgraded to support growing mobile data use among subscribers, with near-comprehensive LTE coverage; operators have also trialed 5G in preparation for launching services; the auction of 5G-suitable spectrum has been delayed to the beginning of 2022, while the onerous restrictions on radiation have meant that some 5G trials have been suspended; there is effective competition in Belgium between the DSL and cable platforms, while in recent years government support has also encouraged investment in fiber networks; Telenet, supported by its parent Liberty Global, has extended the reach of services based on the DOCSIS3.1 standard, while Proximus also has extensive fiber/Very high-speed digital subscriber line and FttP deployments and is currently investing in $2.9 billion 'Fiber for Belgium' program through 2027; in a bid to encourage investment in under served areas, the regulator in 2018 amended the conditions by which market players grant wholesale access to copper and fiber infrastructure; in May 2019 it opened a further consultation on cost models for access to the networks of cablecos and those of Proximus&rsquo;s fiber infrastructure. (2021)"
"text": "mobile networks have been upgraded to support growing mobile data use among subscribers, with near-comprehensive LTE coverage; operators have also trialed 5G in preparation for launching services; the auction of 5G-suitable spectrum has been delayed to the beginning of 2022, while the onerous restrictions on radiation have meant that some 5G trials have been suspended; there is effective competition in Belgium between the DSL and cable platforms, while in recent years government support has also encouraged investment in fiber networks; in a bid to encourage investment in under served areas, the regulator in 2018 amended the conditions by which market players grant wholesale access to copper and fiber infrastructure; in May 2019 it opened a further consultation on cost models for access to the networks of cablecos and those of Proximus&rsquo;s fiber infrastructure. (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "about 31 per 100 fixed-line and 99 per 100 mobile-cellular; nationwide mobile-cellular telephone system; extensive cable network; limited microwave radio relay network (2020)"
@ -1264,7 +1261,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "18,493 (Syria), 5,094 (Iraq) (2020); 57,423 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)"
"text": "18,493 (Syria), 5,094 (Iraq) (2020); 58,019 (Ukraine) (as of 17 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,159 (mid-year 2021)"

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europe/bk.json
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@ -96,9 +96,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "within Bosnia and Herzegovina's recognized borders, the country is divided into a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska or RS (about 49% of the territory); the region called Herzegovina is contiguous to Croatia and Montenegro, and traditionally has been settled by an ethnic Croat majority in the west and an ethnic Serb majority in the east"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Bosnia and Herzegovina map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Adriatic Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -590,7 +587,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members); Court of BiH (consists of 44 national judges and 7 international judges organized into 3 divisions - Administrative, Appellate, and Criminal, which includes a War Crimes Chamber)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1078,7 +1075,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "the telecom market has been liberalized and a regulatory framework created based on the EU&rsquo;s regulatory framework for communications; although Bosnia-Herzegovina remains an EU candidate country, in July 2017 it applied amended mobile roaming charges to fit in with changes introduced across the Union; further roaming agreements were made in 2019 with other western Balkan countries; the largest operator BH Telecom is the dominant provider, while Telekom Srpske operates in Republika Srpska and HT Mostar is active in Herzegovina;&nbsp; these three incumbent operators control 99% of the market; all three are subject to specific obligations designed to improve competition; the fixed-line broadband network is comparatively underdeveloped, with the result that investments made in mobile upgrades by BH Telecom and Telekom Srpske are facilitating broadband connectivity in the country to a greater extent than is common elsewhere in Europe; internet services are available through the incumbents and a number of alternative operators; DSL and cable are the main platforms for fixed-line connectivity, while fiber broadband as yet has only a small market presence; the three MNOs, each affiliated with one of the incumbent fixed-line operators, provide national coverage with 3G, though LTE coverage is only about 89%; their upgraded networks are helping to support broadband in rural areas where fixed-line infrastructure is insufficient; mobile data and mobile broadband offers will provide future revenue growth given the limited potential of mobile voice services; the MNOs tested LTE services under trial licenses from 2013, commercial launches were delayed until the award of spectrum in early 2019; the regulator stipulated that licenses must provide national coverage within five years; trials of 5G technology have been undertaken, though there are no plans to launch services commercially in the short term, given that the MNOs can continue to exploit the capacity of their existing LTE networks. (2021)"
"text": "the telecom market has been liberalized and a regulatory framework created based on the EU&rsquo;s regulatory framework for communications; although Bosnia-Herzegovina remains an EU candidate country, in July 2017 it applied amended mobile roaming charges to fit in with changes introduced across the Union; further roaming agreements were made in 2019 with other western Balkan countries; the fixed-line broadband network is comparatively underdeveloped, with the result that investments made in mobile upgrades to facilitate broadband connectivity in the country to a greater extent than is common elsewhere in Europe; internet services are available; DSL and cable are the main platforms for fixed-line connectivity, while fiber broadband as yet has only a small market presence; the three MNOs, each affiliated with one of the incumbent fixed-line operators, provide national coverage with 3G, though LTE coverage is only about 89%; their upgraded networks are helping to support broadband in rural areas where fixed-line infrastructure is insufficient; mobile data and mobile broadband offers will provide future revenue growth given the limited potential of mobile voice services; the MNOs tested LTE services under trial licenses from 2013, commercial launches were delayed until the award of spectrum in early 2019; the regulator stipulated that licenses must provide national coverage within five years; trials of 5G technology have been undertaken, though there are no plans to launch services commercially in the short term, given that the MNOs can continue to exploit the capacity of their existing LTE networks. (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line teledensity roughly 22 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular subscribership stands at 107 telephones per 100 persons (2020)"
@ -1251,7 +1248,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "149 (mid-year 2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>103,219 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022)"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>104,030 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022)"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"current situation": {

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europe/bo.json
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@ -99,9 +99,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; glacial scouring accounts for the flatness of Belarusian terrain and for its 11,000 lakes"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Belarus map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -606,7 +603,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the US does not recognize the legitimacy of the National Assembly"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chairman and deputy chairman and organized into several specialized panels, including economic and military; number of judges set by the president of the republic and the court chairman); Constitutional Court (consists of 12 judges, including a chairman and deputy chairman)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -624,7 +621,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant; recalled by Belarus in 2008); Charge d'Affaires Dmitry BASIK (since 9 July 2019)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant; recalled by Belarus in 2008); Charge d'Affaires Pavel SHIDLOVSKY (since 9 August 2022)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1619 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009"
@ -1256,7 +1253,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> conscripts can be assigned to the military, to the Ministry of Interior as internal or border troops, or to the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection (alternative service); as of 2020, conscripts comprised an estimated 40% of the military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>Belarus has close security ties with Russia, including an integrated air and missile defense system, joint training exercises, and the establishment of three joint training centers since 2020 (1 in Belarus, 2 in Russia); Russia is the principal supplier of arms to Belarus, and Belarusian troops reportedly train on Russian equipment; Russia leases from Belarus a strategic ballistic missile defense site operated by Russian Aerospace Forces and a global communications facility for the Russian Navy; in 2020, the countries signed an agreement allowing for close security cooperation between the Belarusian Ministry of Interior and the Russian National Guard, including protecting public order and key government facilities, and combating extremism and terrorism; in 2022, Belarus allowed Russian military forces to stage on its territory during its invasion of Ukraine<br><br>Belarus has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and contributes an airborne brigade to CSTO's rapid reaction force (KSOR)</p>"
"text": "Belarus has close security ties with Russia, including an integrated air and missile defense system, joint training exercises, and the establishment of three joint training centers since 2020 (1 in Belarus, 2 in Russia); Russia has been the principal supplier of arms to Belarus, and Belarusian troops reportedly train on Russian equipment; Russia leases from Belarus a strategic ballistic missile defense site operated by Russian Aerospace Forces and a global communications facility for the Russian Navy; in 2020, the countries signed an agreement allowing for close security cooperation between the Belarusian Ministry of Interior and the Russian National Guard, including protecting public order and key government facilities, and combating extremism and terrorism; in 2022, Belarus allowed Russian military forces to stage on its territory during its invasion of Ukraine<br><br>Belarus has been a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and contributes an airborne brigade to CSTO's rapid reaction force (KSOR) (2022)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1265,7 +1262,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "15,580 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)"
"text": "15,853 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "6,104 (mid-year 2021)"

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europe/bu.json
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@ -107,9 +107,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Bulgaria map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Black Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -602,7 +599,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Cassation (consists of a chairman and approximately 72 judges organized into penal, civil, and commercial colleges); Supreme Administrative Court (organized into 2 colleges with various panels of 5 judges each); Constitutional Court (consists of 12 justices); note - Constitutional Court resides outside the judiciary"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1093,7 +1090,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "<p>Bulgaria’s telecom market was for some years affected by the difficult macroeconomic climate, as well as by relatively high unemployment and a shrinking population; these factors continue to slow investments in the sector, though revenue growth has returned since 2019; there still remains pressure on revenue growth, with consumers migrating from fixed-line voice telephony to mobile and VoIP alternatives, while the volume of SMS and MMS traffic has been affected by the growing use of alternative OTT messaging services; the mature mobile market has effective competition between A1 Bulgaria, Yettel (branded as Telenor Bulgaria before March 2022, the Telenor Group’s local unit that had been sold to the PPF Group in August 2018), and the incumbent telco Vivacom; competition intensified following the implementation of a streamlined mobile number portability process; customer preference for bundled services has put pressure on pricing and encouraged operators to offer generous voice and data packages; Vivacom was sold to United Group in April 2020, following European Commission approval; the company is investing in network upgrades and its development of services based on 5G have stimulated other market players to invest in their own service provision; A1 Bulgaria and Vivacom both launched commercial 5G services in 2020, and by the end of 2022 about 70% of the population is expected to be covered by 5G; the broadband market in Bulgaria enjoys excellent cross-platform competition; the share of the market held by DSL has fallen steadily as a result of customers being migrated to fiber networks, particularly those operated by the incumbent telco Vivacom; by early 2021 about 65% of fixed-line broadband subscribers were on fiber infrastructure; Bulgaria joins the U.S. State Department’s Clean Network initiative in a bid to protect its 5G communications networks</p> (2022)"
"text": "<p>Bulgaria’s telecom market was for some years affected by the difficult macroeconomic climate, as well as by relatively high unemployment and a shrinking population; these factors continue to slow investments in the sector, though revenue growth has returned since 2019; there still remains pressure on revenue growth, with consumers migrating from fixed-line voice telephony to mobile and VoIP alternatives, while the volume of SMS and MMS traffic has been affected by the growing use of alternative OTT messaging services; investing in network upgrades and its development of services based on 5G have stimulated other market players to invest in their own service provision; by the end of 2022 about 70% of the population is expected to be covered by 5G; the broadband market in Bulgaria enjoys excellent cross-platform competition; the share of the market held by DSL has fallen steadily as a result of customers being migrated to fiber networks; by early 2021 about 65% of fixed-line broadband subscribers were on fiber infrastructure; Bulgaria joins the U.S. State Department’s Clean Network initiative in a bid to protect its 5G communications networks</p> (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line over 12 per 100 persons, mobile-cellular teledensity, fostered by multiple service providers, is over 114 telephones per 100 persons (2020)"
@ -1270,7 +1267,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "19,014 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 53,057 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)"
"text": "19,014 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 54,878 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,143 (mid-year 2021)"

13
europe/cy.json
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@ -101,9 +101,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily and Sardinia); several small Cypriot enclaves exist within the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Cyprus map showing the island country in the Mediterranean Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -228,7 +225,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "30 years (2020 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent only government-controlled areas"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents only government-controlled areas"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "6 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -596,7 +593,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Cyprus (consists of 13 judges, including the court president); note - the highest court in the \"TRNC\" is the \"Supreme Court\" (consists of 8 \"judges,\" including the \"court president\")"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1093,7 +1090,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Cyprus has suffered from the effects of the pandemic, which essentially closed down the tourism sector during 2020 and into 2021; the incumbent telco Cyta reported strong revenue growth in 2020, largely due to greater use of broadband and mobile services, though investment fell as a result of pandemic-related delays in completing planned projects; the mobile market is served by four mobile network operators, including Cablenet which initially offered services as an MVNO before becoming an MNO in its own right; Cyta has offered mobile services under the Cytamobile-Vodafone brand since 2004 following a partner agreement with Vodafone Group, while Epic was acquired by Monaco Telecom in mid-2018; in mid-2021 Monaco agreed to sell its entire passive infrastructure in Cyprus; the number of mobile subscribers fell in 2020, largely the result of subscribers scaling back on multiple SIM cards as an economic measure; the broadband market continues to develop steadily, providing the country with one of the highest broadband subscription rates in the region; DSL remains the dominant access platform, accounting for about two-thirds of fixed broadband connections; Cablenet is engaged in investment projects which will see its network pass about 80% of premises, compared to 50% as of early 2021; fiber infrastructure in Cyprus is minimal, in common with other markets in the region there are efforts underway (supported by the government and regulator) to extend an FttP service to about 200,000 premises; the number of DSL subscribers is set to fall steadily in coming years as customers are migrated to the fiber platform; regulator concludes multi-spectrum auction for 5G, issues licenses; Epic signs vendor agreement with Huawei to develop 5G (2021)"
"text": "Cyprus has suffered from the effects of the pandemic, which essentially closed down the tourism sector during 2020 and into 2021; the mobile market is served by four mobile network operators; in mid-2021 Monaco agreed to sell its entire passive infrastructure in Cyprus; the number of mobile subscribers fell in 2020, largely the result of subscribers scaling back on multiple SIM cards as an economic measure; the broadband market continues to develop steadily, providing the country with one of the highest broadband subscription rates in the region; DSL remains the dominant access platform, accounting for about two-thirds of fixed broadband connections; fiber infrastructure in Cyprus is minimal, in common with other markets in the region there are efforts underway (supported by the government and regulator) to extend an FttP service to about 200,000 premises; the number of DSL subscribers is set to fall steadily in coming years as customers are migrated to the fiber platform; regulator concludes multi-spectrum auction for 5G, issues licenses; Epic signs vendor agreement with Huawei to develop 5G (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line about 35 per 100 and about 139 per 100 for mobile-cellular teledensity; open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay (2020)"
@ -1255,7 +1252,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "9,820 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 13,946 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)"
"text": "9,820 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 14,380 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2022)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "242,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced since 1974) (2021)"
@ -1263,7 +1260,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "66 (mid-year 2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 43,014 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2022)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 44,693 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2022)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>vulnerable to money laundering from illegal drugs</p> <p> </p>"

7
europe/da.json
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@ -105,9 +105,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "composed of the Jutland Peninsula and a group of more than 400 islands (Danish Archipelago); controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Denmark map showing major cities and the country in relation to neighboring countries and water bodies.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -587,7 +584,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 18 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1262,7 +1259,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "19,833 (Syria), 5,634 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 35,850 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)"
"text": "19,833 (Syria), 5,634 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 36,174 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "11,608 (mid-year 2021)"

5
europe/dx.json
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@ -39,9 +39,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus; several small Cypriot enclaves exist within the Sovereign Base Area (SBA); of the SBA land, 60% is privately owned and farmed, 20% is owned by the Ministry of Defense, and 20% is SBA Crown land"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Dhekelia map showing the UK Sovereign Base Area as well as the adjacent part of southeast Cyprus.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -192,7 +189,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Senior Judges' Court (consists of several visiting judges from England and Wales)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {

7
europe/ee.json
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File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long

7
europe/ei.json
View file

@ -98,9 +98,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location on major air and sea routes between North America and northern Europe; over 40% of the population resides within 100 km of Dublin"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Ireland map showing major cities and the island’s setting in the North Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -577,7 +574,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Ireland (consists of the chief justice, 9 judges, 2 ex-officio members - the presidents of the High Court and Court of Appeal - and organized in 3-, 5-, or 7-judge panels, depending on the importance or complexity of an issue of law)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1067,7 +1064,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Ireland&rsquo;s telecom market has rebounded from a long period in which fiscal constraints inhibited investment in the sector; significant infrastructure projects are underway, including the NBN which aims to deliver a fiber-based service of at least 150Mb/s nationally by the end of 2022; the renewed optimism has been seen in company investment in extending fiber-based networks providing 1Gb/s services; the incumbent telco eir is investing &euro;1 billion in infrastructure, part of which is earmarked for its Ireland&rsquo;s Fiber Network which will deliver a 1Gb/s service to 85% of premises; the mobile market is dominated by Vodafone Ireland and 3 Ireland, followed by eir; there is room for a small number of MVNOs, the largest of which is Tesco Mobile, though stiff competition and the deployment of low-cost sub-brands by the MNOs has made the MVNO model a difficult proposition and a few players have been forced to exit the market; the mobile sector is preparing for a multi-frequency availibility later in 2021 which will greatly increase the amount of frequencies available, and provide a boost for 5G services; the MNOs are rapidly expanding the reach of 5G, with eir alone covering about 57% of the population by March 2021; Vodafone launches a commercial NB-IoT service, extend 5G services to more cities (2021)"
"text": "Ireland&rsquo;s telecom market has rebounded from a long period in which fiscal constraints inhibited investment in the sector; significant infrastructure projects are underway, including the NBN which aims to deliver a fiber-based service of at least 150Mb/s nationally by the end of 2022; the renewed optimism has been seen in company investment in extending fiber-based networks providing 1Gb/s services; the mobile sector is preparing for a multi-frequency availability later in 2021 which will greatly increase the amount of frequencies available, and provide a boost for 5G services; the MNOs are rapidly expanding the reach of 5G (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "increasing levels of broadband access particularly in urban areas; fixed-line 34 per 100 and mobile-cellular 106 per 100 subscriptions; digital system using cable and microwave radio relay (2020)"

9
europe/en.json
View file

@ -99,9 +99,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the mainland terrain is flat, boggy, and partly wooded; offshore lie more than 1,500 islands"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Estonia map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Baltic Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -600,7 +597,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 19 justices, including the chief justice, and organized into civil, criminal, administrative, and constitutional review chambers)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1089,7 +1086,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "the competitive telecom market continues to progress with a range of regulatory measures which have enabled alternative operators to chip away at the fixed-line market share of the incumbent telco Telia Estonia; fixed-line infrastructure upgrades have been focused on fiber, and the legacy DSL network has gradually been replaced; the MNOs Telia, Elisa and Tele2 have comprehensive LTE infrastructure in place; limited commercial 5G deployments have been made though an expansion of service availability awaits the delayed auction of spectrum in the 3.5GHz band, which is expected to be held later in 2021. (2021)"
"text": "the competitive telecom market continues to progress with a range of regulatory measures which have enabled alternative operators to chip away at the fixed-line market share; fixed-line infrastructure upgrades have been focused on fiber, and the legacy DSL network has gradually been replaced; limited commercial 5G deployments have been made though an expansion of service availability awaits the delayed auction of spectrum in the 3.5GHz band, which is expected to be held later in 2021 (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "just under 23 per 100 for fixed-line subscribership and approximately 145 per 100 for mobile-cellular; substantial fiber-optic cable systems carry telephone, TV, and radio traffic in the digital mode; Internet services are widely available; schools and libraries are connected to the Internet, a large percentage of the population files income tax returns online, and online voting - in local and parliamentary elections - has climbed steadily since first being introduced in 2005; a large percent of Estonian households have broadband access (2020)"
@ -1257,7 +1254,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "60,002 (Ukraine) (as of 10 October 2022)"
"text": "60,302 (Ukraine) (as of 14 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "71,873 (mid-year 2021); note - following independence in 1991, automatic citizenship was restricted to those who were Estonian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants; thousands of ethnic Russians remained stateless when forced to choose between passing Estonian language and citizenship tests or applying for Russian citizenship; one reason for demurring on Estonian citizenship was to retain the right of visa-free travel to Russia; stateless residents can vote in local elections but not general elections; stateless parents who have been lawful residents of Estonia for at least five years can apply for citizenship for their children before they turn 15 years old"

11
europe/ez.json
View file

@ -99,9 +99,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Hranice Abyss in Czechia is the world's deepest surveyed underwater cave at 404 m (1,325 ft); its survey is not complete and it could end up being some 800-1,200 m deep"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Czechia map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -592,7 +589,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (organized into Civil Law and Commercial Division, and Criminal Division each with a court chief justice, vice justice, and several judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 justices); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 36 judges, including the court president and vice president, and organized into 6-, 7-, and 9-member chambers)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -610,7 +607,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Hynek KMONICEK (since 24 April 2017)"
"text": "Ambassador Miloslav STASEK (since 16 September 2022)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "3900 Spring of Freedom Lane NW, Washington, DC 20008-3803"
@ -1081,7 +1078,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "the telecom market has attracted investment from among the key regional telcos, including Deutsche Telekom, Telef&oacute;nica, and Vodafone, as also investors such as PPF Group; O2 Czech Republic remains the dominant telco in all segments, though there is effective competition, particularly in the mobile sector; telcos in the Czech Republic have become multi-service providers, offering a full range of fixed and mobile services; O2 CR has struggled to improve revenue growth in recent years, and in response it has transitioned itself to face market challenges; among the changes was its reorganization into separate business divisions and the spinning off of CETIN as a separate unit to manage the fixed and mobile networks while also operating as a national wholesale network provider; CETIN&rsquo;s owner, PPF Group, in early 2021 considered an IPO for CETIN; the mobile sector is concentrated among the three MNOs, despite the regulator having made efforts to facilitate the entry of a new market player by providing spectrum at the multi-band auction held in November 2020; the auction has enabled the licensees to expand the reach of their 5G networks; this process has also been assisted by them closing down 3G networks and refarming spectrum for 5G and LTE use. (2021)"
"text": "the telecom market has attracted investment from among the key regional telcos; telcos in the Czech Republic have become multi-service providers, offering a full range of fixed and mobile services; the auction has enabled the licensees to expand the reach of their 5G networks; this process has also been assisted by them closing down 3G networks and reforming spectrum for 5G and LTE use (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "roughly 12 fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants and mobile telephone usage of about 121 per 100 inhabitants (2020)"
@ -1252,7 +1249,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "442,440 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)"
"text": "448,807 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,498 (mid-year 2021)"

9
europe/fi.json
View file

@ -109,9 +109,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Finland map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Baltic Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -603,7 +600,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (consists of the court president and 18 judges); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 21 judges, including the court president and organized into 3 chambers); note - Finland has a dual judicial system - courts with civil and criminal jurisdiction and administrative courts with jurisdiction for litigation between individuals and administrative organs of the state and communities"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1093,7 +1090,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Finland&rsquo;s telecom market is among the more progressive in Europe, with operators having been at the forefront in deploying technologies and with the regulator being among the first to auction spectrum for 5G use; these efforts have been supported by the government which is working towards its target of providing a broadband service of at least 100Mb/s by 2025; 5G services were available to more than 40% of the population by early 2021, and take-up among subscribers has been strong although most will remain with LTE in the short term; the country enjoys one of the highest broadband and mobile subscription rates in the region, with customers able to make use of the latest iterations of technologies including DOCSIS3.1, LTE-A, 5G, and GPON fiber infrastructure; Finland has emerged as one of the pioneers in 5G; the auction of spectrum in the 700MHz and 3.5GHh bands has enabled network operators to extend the availability of LTE services nationally and to prepare for 5G services; Spectrum in the 2.5GHz band was auctioned in mid-2020 and has since enabled the MNOs to widen their 5G footprint considerably; the incumbent telco Telia remains the dominant player in the DSL sector, but there is an ongoing shift away from DSL to fiber and mobile networks. (2021)"
"text": "Finland&rsquo;s telecom market is among the more progressive in Europe, with operators having been at the forefront in deploying technologies and with the regulator being among the first to auction spectrum for 5G use; these efforts have been supported by the government which is working towards its target of providing a broadband service of at least 100Mb/s by 2025; 5G services were available to more than 40% of the population by early 2021, and take-up among subscribers has been strong although most will remain with LTE in the short term; the country enjoys one of the highest broadband and mobile subscription rates in the region, with customers able to make use of the latest iterations of technologies including DOCSIS3.1, LTE-A, 5G, and GPON fiber infrastructure; Finland has emerged as one of the pioneers in 5G; the auction of spectrum in the 700MHz and 3.5GHh bands has enabled network operators to extend the availability of LTE services nationally and to prepare for 5G services; Spectrum in the 2.5GHz band was auctioned in mid-2020 and has since enabled the MNOs to widen their 5G footprint considerably; there is an ongoing shift away from DSL to fiber and mobile networks (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line 4 per 100 subscriptions and nearly 129 per 100 mobile-cellular (2020)"
@ -1271,7 +1268,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "9,053 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 38,588 (Ukraine) (as of 9 October 2022)"
"text": "9,053 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 38,588 (Ukraine) (as of 16 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "3,416 (mid-year 2021)"

5
europe/fo.json
View file

@ -92,9 +92,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "archipelago of 17 inhabited islands and one uninhabited island, and a few uninhabited islets; strategically located along important sea lanes in northeastern Atlantic; precipitous terrain limits habitation to small coastal lowlands"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Faroe Islands map showing the many islands that make up this part of Denmark in the North Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -471,7 +468,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Faroese Court or Raett (Rett - Danish) decides both civil and criminal cases; the Court is part of the Danish legal system"
},
"subordinate courts": {

7
europe/fr.json
View file

@ -128,9 +128,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "largest West European nation; most major French rivers - the Meuse, Seine, Loire, Charente, Dordogne, and Garonne - flow northward or westward into the Atlantic Ocean, only the Rhone flows southward into the Mediterranean Sea"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>France map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and water bodies.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -638,7 +635,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (consists of the court president, 6 divisional presiding judges, 120 trial judges, and 70 deputy judges organized into 6 divisions - 3 civil, 1 commercial, 1 labor, and 1 criminal); Constitutional Council (consists of 9 members)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1136,7 +1133,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "France's telecom market is one of the largest in Europe; telecom revenue, at about &euro;30 billion annually, has declined in recent years and came under particular pressure during 2020 when a sequence of local and national lock downs, as well as restrictions on international travel, resulted in a sharp drop in revenue from roaming and device sales; this was partly offset by growth in data traffic and the migration of subscribers to faster fixed-line broadband packages, mostly based on fiber; the incumbent telco Orange Group is one of the world&rsquo;s major players, with interests in markets across Europe, the Middle East and Africa; the company has embarked on a new multi-year Engage 2025 plan which is focused on growth in the developing markets, and on the greater use of artificial intelligence and data; the mobile phone market, worth about &euro;13 billion annually, is dominated by Orange, SFR Group (owned by Altice Group), Bouygues Telecom, and Free Mobile (Iliad); there are many MVNOs in the market, though their share of subscribers fell at the end of 2020 when one of the largest of them was acquired by its host network operator; LTE networks provide near universal coverage, and carry about 95% of mobile data traffic; operators have launched 5G services, and these have been supported by the late-2020 auction of spectrum in the 3.5GHz range; France&rsquo;s fixed broadband market is increasingly focused on fiber, which accounted for 71% of all fixed lines at the beginning of 2021; growth in the fiber sector has been stimulated by households securing faster data packages during the pandemic; the number of DSL lines has fallen sharply as customers migrate to fiber infrastructure. (2021)"
"text": "France's telecom market is one of the largest in Europe; telecom revenue, at about &euro;30 billion annually, has declined in recent years and came under particular pressure during 2020 when a sequence of local and national lock downs, as well as restrictions on international travel, resulted in a sharp drop in revenue from roaming and device sales; this was partly offset by growth in data traffic and the migration of subscribers to faster fixed-line broadband packages, mostly based on fiber; there is a multi-year Engage 2025 plan which is focused on growth in the developing markets, and on the greater use of artificial intelligence and data; the mobile phone market, worth about &euro;13 billion annually; there are many MVNOs in the market, though their share of subscribers fell at the end of 2020 when one of the largest of them was acquired by its host network operator; LTE networks provide near universal coverage, and carry about 95% of mobile data traffic; operators have launched 5G services, and these have been supported by the late-2020 auction of spectrum in the 3.5GHz range; France&rsquo;s fixed broadband market is increasingly focused on fiber, which accounted for 71% of all fixed lines at the beginning of 2021; growth in the fiber sector has been stimulated by households securing faster data packages during the pandemic; the number of DSL lines has fallen sharply as customers migrate to fiber infrastructure (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "nearly 58 per 100 persons for fixed-line and over 111 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2020)"

5
europe/gi.json
View file

@ -77,9 +77,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<p><strong>note 1:</strong> strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea</p> <p><strong>note 2:</strong> one of only two British territories where traffic drives on the right, the other being the island of Diego Garcia in the British Indian Ocean Territory</p>"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Gibraltar map showing major populated areas and significant features on this UK peninsular territory that projects into the Mediterranean Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -414,7 +411,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Appeal (consists of at least 3 judges, including the court president); Supreme Court of Gibraltar (consists of the chief justice and 3 judges); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {

5
europe/gk.json
View file

@ -70,9 +70,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "large, deepwater harbor at Saint Peter Port"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Guernsey map showing the islands that make up this British crown dependency in the English Channel.</p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -398,7 +395,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Guernsey Court of Appeal (consists of the Bailiff of Guernsey, who is the ex-officio president of the Guernsey Court of Appeal, and at least 12 judges); Royal Court (organized into 3 divisions - Full Court sits with 1 judge and 7 to 12 jurats acting as judges of fact, Ordinary Court sits with 1 judge and normally 3 jurats, and Matrimonial Causes Division sits with 1 judge and 4 jurats); note - appeals beyond Guernsey courts are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {

7
europe/gm.json
View file

@ -115,9 +115,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea; most major rivers in Germany - the Rhine, Weser, Oder, Elbe - flow northward; the Danube, which originates in the Black Forest, flows eastward"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Germany showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the North and Baltic Seas.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -619,7 +616,7 @@
"note": "note - due to Germany's recognition of the concepts of \"overhang\" (when a party's share of the nationwide votes would entitle it to fewer seats than the number of individual constituency seats won in an election under Germany's mixed member proportional system) and \"leveling\" (whereby additional seats are elected to supplement the members directly elected by each constituency in order to ensure that each party's share of the total seats is roughly proportional to the party's overall shares of votes at the national level), the 20th Bundestag is the largest to date"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Federal Court of Justice (court consists of 127 judges, including the court president, vice presidents, presiding judges, other judges and organized into 25 Senates subdivided into 12 civil panels, 5 criminal panels, and 8 special panels); Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (consists of 2 Senates each subdivided into 3 chambers, each with a chairman and 8 members)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1112,7 +1109,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "with one of Europe&rsquo;s largest telecom markets, Germany hosts a number of significant operators which offer effective competition in the mobile and broadband sectors; Telekom Deutschland remains the dominant provider in the fixed-line segment, though there is increasing competition from operators including Freenet, Vodafone Germany, and Telef&oacute;nica Germany, each of which is making use of regulatory measures aimed at facilitating wholesale network access to provide fiber-based broadband services; the German mobile market is driven by mobile data, with the number of mobile broadband subscribers having increased rapidly in recent years; with LTE now effectively universally available, considerable progress has recently been made in building out 5G networks;&nbsp; Telekom&rsquo;s 5G service provided about 80% population coverage by March 2021; this was expected to be increased to 90% coverage by the end of the year. (2022)"
"text": "with one of Europe&rsquo;s largest telecom markets, Germany hosts a number of significant operators which offer effective competition in the mobile and broadband sectors; the German mobile market is driven by mobile data, with the number of mobile broadband subscribers having increased rapidly in recent years; with LTE now effectively universally available, considerable progress has recently been made in building out 5G networks (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to many foreign countries; approximately 46 per 100 for fixed-line and 128 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2020)"

13
europe/gr.json
View file

@ -99,9 +99,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and southern approach to Turkish Straits; a peninsular country, possessing an archipelago of about 2,000 islands"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Greece map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and water bodies.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -590,7 +587,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Civil and Criminal Court or Areios Pagos (consists of 56 judges, including the court presidents); Council of State (supreme administrative court) (consists of the president, 7 vice presidents, 42 privy councilors, 48 associate councilors and 50 reporting judges, organized into six 5- and 7-member chambers; Court of Audit (government audit and enforcement) consists of the president, 5 vice presidents, 20 councilors, and 90 associate and reporting judges"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1085,7 +1082,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Greece&rsquo;s telecom market is susceptible to the country&rsquo;s volatile economy, and as a result revenue among the key networks has been variable; the incumbent telco OTE, supported by the organizational and financial clout of its parent Deutsche Telekom, reported a 16.6% fall in revenue for 2020, and the economic fallout of the pandemic continued to reduce revenue into 2021; broadband subscriptions in Greece are developing steadily despite the difficult economic conditions; the main networks are concentrating investment on fiber-based next generation networks, enabling them to reach the European broadband targets for 2025; their work is also supported by government ultra-fast broadband projects, largely funded by the EC and aimed at delivering a service of at least 100Mb/s to under served areas; Greece&rsquo;s well-developed mobile market is dominated by the three MNOs Wind Hellas, Vodafone Greece, and Cosmote; Networks continue to invest in LTE infrastructure and technologies to provide networks capable of meeting customer demand for data services; after extensive trials of 5G, the MNOs were able to launch commercial services in early 2021 following the December 2020 allocation of frequencies in a range of bands; the rapid rollout of 5G encouraged Cosmote to close down its 3G network (a process expected to be completed by the end of 2021) and reallocate for LTE and 5G. (2022)"
"text": "Greece&rsquo;s telecom market is susceptible to the country&rsquo;s volatile economy, and as a result revenue among the key networks has been variable; broadband subscriptions in Greece are developing steadily despite the difficult economic conditions; the main networks are concentrating investment on fiber-based next generation networks, enabling them to reach the European broadband targets for 2025; their work is also supported by government ultra-fast broadband projects, largely funded by the EC and aimed at delivering a service of at least 100Mb/s to under served areas; Greece&rsquo;s well-developed mobile market is dominated by the three MNOs; Networks continue to invest in LTE infrastructure and technologies to provide networks capable of meeting customer demand for data services; after extensive trials of 5G, the MNOs were able to launch commercial services in early 2021 following the December 2020 allocation of frequencies in a range of bands; the rapid rollout of 5G encouraged the shut down of the 3G network (a process expected to be completed by the end of 2021) and reallocate for LTE and 5G. (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "microwave radio relay trunk system; extensive open-wire connections; submarine cable to offshore islands; nearly 46 per 100 subscribers for fixed-line and 110 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2020)"
@ -1252,7 +1249,7 @@
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "19-45 years of age for compulsory military service for men; 12-month obligation for all services (note - as an exception, the duration of the full military service is 9 instead of 12 months if conscripts, after the initial training, serve the entire remaining time in certain areas of the eastern borders, in Cyprus, or in certain military units); 18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>up to 50% of the Greek military is comprised of conscripts<br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>as of 2019, women comprised approximately 19% of the military's full-time personnel"
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>compulsory service applies to any individual whom the Greek authorities consider to be Greek, regardless of whether the individual considers himself Greek, has a foreign citizenship and passport, or was born or lives outside of Greece; Greek citizens living permanently outside of Greece have the right to postpone their conscription; they are permanently exempted from their military obligations when they reach the age of 45 years old<strong><br><br>note 2: </strong>up to 50% of the Greek military is comprised of conscripts<br><br><strong>note 3: </strong>as of 2019, women comprised approximately 19% of the military's full-time personnel"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "approximately 1,000 Cyprus; 100 Kosovo (NATO); 100 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2022)"
@ -1273,12 +1270,12 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "38,496 (Syria), 25,188 (Afghanistan), 12,657 (Iraq), 5,002 (West Bank and Gaza) (mid-year 2021); 19,752 (Ukraine) (as of 20 September 2022)"
"text": "38,496 (Syria), 25,188 (Afghanistan), 12,657 (Iraq), 5,002 (West Bank and Gaza) (mid-year 2021); 19,752 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "5,552 (mid-year 2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1,225,815 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022); as of the end of February 2022, Greece hosted an estimated 161,419 refugees and asylum seekers"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1,226,068 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022); as of the end of February 2022, Greece hosted an estimated 161,419 refugees and asylum seekers"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis products and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime"

11
europe/hr.json
View file

@ -104,9 +104,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Croatia map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Adriatic Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -618,7 +615,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> seats by party as of March 2021 - HDZ 62, SDP 33, DP 9, Most 6, Croatian Sovereignists 4, We Can! 4, IDS 3, SDSS 3, HSS 2, HSLS 2, BZH 1, Center 1, FOKUS 1, GLAS 1, HDS 1, HSU 1, NL 1, Reformists 1, SSIP 1, RF 1, independent 12"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president and vice president, 25 civil department justices, and 16 criminal department justices)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1110,7 +1107,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Croatia&rsquo;s telecom market is dominated by the incumbent telco Hrvatski Telekom and the local units of United Group and Telekom Austria, there is effective competition from a number of smaller operators; the regulator has helped promote competition via measures encouraging network access, as well as regional licensing; this has been seen most recently with two 5G licenses having been reserved for regional rather than national operations; the mobile market is served by three MNOs, supplemented by a number of MVNOs; the network operators have focused on improving ARPU by encouraging prepaid subscribers to migrate to postpaid plans, and on developing revenue from mobile data services; 5G services are widely available, though the sector will only show its full potential later in 2021 following the award of licenses in several bands; this will contribute towards the government&rsquo;s national broadband plan to 2027, which is tied to the EC&rsquo;s two allied projects aimed at providing gigabit connectivity by the end of 2025; the broadband sector benefits from effective competition between the DSL and cable platforms, while there are also numerous fiber deployments in urban areas; the number of FttP subscribers broached 134,000 in March 2021. (2021)"
"text": "the mobile market is served by three MNOs, supplemented by a number of MVNOs; the network operators have focused on improving ARPU by encouraging prepaid subscribers to migrate to postpaid plans, and on developing revenue from mobile data services; 5G services are widely available, though the sector will only show its full potential later in 2021 following the award of licenses in several bands; this will contribute towards the government&rsquo;s national broadband plan to 2027, which is tied to the EC&rsquo;s two allied projects aimed at providing gigabit connectivity by the end of 2025; the broadband sector benefits from effective competition between the DSL and cable platforms, while there are also numerous fiber deployments in urban areas; the number of FttP subscribers broached 134,000 in March 2021. (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line teledensity has dropped somewhat to about 32 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions are about 107 per 100 (2020)"
@ -1290,12 +1287,12 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "18,619 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)"
"text": "18,400 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "2,910 (mid-year 2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>748,975 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2022)"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>759,830 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2022)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine destined for European markets</p> <p> </p>"

9
europe/hu.json
View file

@ -101,9 +101,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin; the north-south flowing Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Hungary map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -617,7 +614,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Curia or Supreme Judicial Court (consists of the president, vice president, department heads, and has a maximum of 113 judges, and is organized into civil, criminal, and administrative-labor departments; Constitutional Court (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1107,7 +1104,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Hungary benefits from having a developed telecom infrastructure, with a focus among operators to develop the 5G sector and upgrade fixed networks to provide a 1Gb/s service; services based on 5G have been supported by the January 2021 multi-spectrum auction for spectrum in the 900MHz and 1800MHz bands; Digi Mobile failed to secure spectrum, which prompted the operator&rsquo;s parent company to sell the unit to 4iG; the number of fixed-lines continues to fall as subscribers migrate to the mobile platform for voice and data services; operators have bundled packages to boost revenue and retain subscribers; this strategy encouraged Vodafone Group to acquire UPC Hungary in mid-2019; the broadband market has effective infrastructure-based competition, with an extensive cable network competing against DSL services and a vibrant and rapidly expanding fiber sector.; the regulator has also introduced a number of measures aimed at promoting market competition, which is pushing the drive for higher speed platforms and encouraging operators to invest in technology upgrades; Hungary now has the highest fixed broadband penetration rate in Eastern Europe; by the beginning of 2021, the incumbent telco Maygar Telekom provided a 1Gb/s service to about 2.5 million premises across the country; the number of superfast broadband connections (above 30Mb/s) accounted for 78% of all fixed broadband connections; Maygar Telekom is at the forefront of 5G developments, supported by the government, universities, other telcos and vendors forming the Hungarian 5G Coalition; by March 2021, Vodafone Hungary managed about 300 5G base stations in Budapest and its surrounds, as well as in a number of other cities. (2021)"
"text": "Hungary benefits from having a developed telecom infrastructure, with a focus among operators to develop the 5G sector and upgrade fixed networks to provide a 1Gb/s service; services based on 5G have been supported by the January 2021 multi-spectrum auction for spectrum in the 900MHz and 1800MHz bands; the number of fixed-lines continues to fall as subscribers migrate to the mobile platform for voice and data services; operators have bundled packages to boost revenue and retain subscribers; the broadband market has effective infrastructure-based competition, with an extensive cable network competing against DSL services and a vibrant and rapidly expanding fiber sector.; the regulator has also introduced a number of measures aimed at promoting market competition, which is pushing the drive for higher speed platforms and encouraging operators to invest in technology upgrades; Hungary now has the highest fixed broadband penetration rate in Eastern Europe; the number of super fast broadband connections (above 30Mb/s) accounted for 78% of all fixed broadband connections (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "competition among mobile-cellular service providers has led to a sharp increase in the use of mobile-cellular phones, and a decrease in the number of fixed-line connections, with just under 31 fixed per 100 persons and 107 mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 (2020)"
@ -1293,7 +1290,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "30,000 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)"
"text": "30,000 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "130 (mid-year 2021)"

9
europe/ic.json
View file

@ -98,9 +98,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location between Greenland and Europe; westernmost European country; Reykjavik is the northernmost national capital in the world; more land covered by glaciers than in all of continental Europe"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Iceland map showing the North Atlantic Ocean island and its major population centers.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -575,7 +572,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Haestirettur (consists of 9 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1058,7 +1055,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Iceland has one of the smallest yet most progressive telecom markets in Europe; the country in 2020 became the top in Europe for fiber subscriptions; it aims to provide a fixed broadband service of at least 100Mb/s to 99.9% of the population by the end of 2021, an ambitious target by international standards and one which it is likely to achieve given the progress which operators have made in extending the reach of fiber networks; there is effective competition in the mobile and broadband markets, with a number of players having emerged to challenge the dominance of the two leading operators S&iacute;minn and S&yacute;n, which have interests across the telecom sectors; S&yacute;n was formerly Vodafone Iceland before being rebranded to reflect the company&rsquo;s move into broadband and broadcasting following its December 2017 acquisition of most of the telecoms and media interests of 365 Media; Nova has become the leading player in the mobile market and has quickly expanded its presence in the fixed-line segment, particularly in fiber; the telecom market has shown some resilience in recent years following the significant economic downturn a decade ago, supported by continuing investment in mobile and fixed-line broadband infrastructure by operators and well as by the government&rsquo;s Telecommunications Fund which is supporting Next Generation Access networks, particularly in rural areas; S&iacute;minn contracts Ericsson to build its 5G RAN, aiming for national 5G coverage by end-2022 (2021)"
"text": "Iceland has one of the smallest yet most progressive telecom markets in Europe; the country in 2020 became the top in Europe for fiber subscriptions; it aims to provide a fixed broadband service of at least 100Mb/s to 99.9% of the population by the end of 2021, an ambitious target by international standards and one which it is likely to achieve given the progress which operators have made in extending the reach of fiber networks; there is effective competition in the mobile and broadband markets; the telecom market has shown some resilience in recent years following the significant economic downturn a decade ago, supported by continuing investment in mobile and fixed-line broadband infrastructure by operators and well as by the government&rsquo;s Telecommunications Fund which is supporting Next Generation Access networks, particularly in rural areas (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "liberalization of the telecommunications sector beginning in the late 1990s has led to increased competition especially in the mobile services segment of the market; roughly 31 per 100 for fixed line and nearing 124 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2020)"
@ -1178,7 +1175,7 @@
"text": "the Icelandic Coast Guard's inventory consists of equipment from mostly European suppliers (2022)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Iceland was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949; Iceland is the only NATO member that has no standing military force; defense of Iceland remains a NATO commitment and NATO maintains an air policing presence in Icelandic airspace; Iceland participates in international peacekeeping missions with the civilian-manned Icelandic Crisis Response Unit (ICRU)<br><br>Iceland cooperates with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009 (2022)"
"text": "Iceland was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949; Iceland is the only NATO member that has no standing military force; defense of Iceland remains a NATO commitment and NATO maintains an air policing presence in Icelandic airspace; Iceland participates in international peacekeeping missions with the civilian-manned Icelandic Crisis Response Unit (ICRU)<br><br>Iceland cooperates with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009<br><br>in 1951, Iceland and the US concluded an agreement to make arrangements regarding the defense of Iceland and for the use of facilities in Iceland to that end; the agreement, along with NATO membership, is one of the two pillars of Iceland‘s security policy; since 2007 Iceland has concluded cooperation agreements with Canada, Denmark, Norway, and the UK; it also has regular consultations with Germany and France on security and defense (2022)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

5
europe/im.json
View file

@ -92,9 +92,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "one small islet, the Calf of Man, lies to the southwest and is a bird sanctuary"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Isle of Man map showing the major population centers of this UK crown dependency in the Irish Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -467,7 +464,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Isle of Man High Court of Justice (consists of 3 permanent judges or \"deemsters\" and 1 judge of appeal; organized into the Staff of Government Division or Court of Appeal and the Civil Division); the Court of General Gaol Delivery is not formally part of the High Court but is administered as though part of the High Court and deals with serious criminal cases; note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {

15
europe/it.json
View file

@ -102,9 +102,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location dominating central Mediterranean as well as southern sea and air approaches to Western Europe"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Italy map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and water bodies.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -543,7 +540,7 @@
"text": "previous 1848 (originally for the Kingdom of Sardinia and adopted by the Kingdom of Italy in 1861); latest enacted 22 December 1947, adopted 27 December 1947, entered into force 1 January 1948"
},
"amendments": {
"text": "proposed by both houses of Parliament; passage requires two successive debates and approval by absolute majority of each house on the second vote; a referendum is only required when requested by one fifth of the members of either house, by voter petition, or by five Regional Councils (elected legislative assemblies of the 15 first-level administrative regions and 5 autonomous regions of Italy); referendum not required if an amendment has been approved by a two-thirds majority in each house in the second vote; amended many times, last in 2020"
"text": "proposed by both houses of Parliament; passage requires two successive debates and approval by absolute majority of each house on the second vote; a referendum is only required when requested by one fifth of the members of either house, by voter petition, or by 5 Regional Councils (elected legislative assemblies of the 15 first-level administrative regions and 5 autonomous regions of Italy); referendum not required if an amendment has been approved by a two-thirds majority in each house in the second vote; amended many times, last in 2020"
}
},
"Legal system": {
@ -574,7 +571,7 @@
"text": "President Sergio MATTARELLA (since 3 February 2015)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Mario DRAGHI (since 13 February 2021); the prime minister's official title is President of the Council of Ministers; note - Prime Minister Mario DRAGHI resigned on 21 July 2022 but will remain caretaker prime minister until 25 September 2022 parliamentary elections"
"text": "Prime Minister Giorgia MELONI (since 22 October 2022); the prime minister's official title is President of the Council of Ministers"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, known officially as the President of the Council of Ministers and locally as the Premier; nominated by the president; the current deputy prime ministers, known officially as vice presidents of the Council of Ministers, are Matteo SALVINI (L) and Luigi Di MAIO (M5S) (since 1 June 2018)"
@ -599,7 +596,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note</strong>: in October 2019, Italy's Parliament voted to reduce the number of Senate seats from 315 to 200 and the number of Chamber of Deputies seats from 630 to 400; a referendum to reduce the membership of Parliament held on 20-21 September 2020 was approved, effective for the September 2022 snap election"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Cassation or Corte Suprema di Cassazione (consists of the first president (chief justice), deputy president, 54 justices presiding over 6 civil and 7 criminal divisions, and 288 judges; an additional 30 judges of lower courts serve as supporting judges; cases normally heard by 5-judge panels; more complex cases heard by 9-judge panels); Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (consists of the court president and 14 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1095,7 +1092,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Italy&rsquo;s large telecom market has one of the most progressive fiber sectors in Europe, with regulatory measures encouraging network sharing; the incumbent telco continues to invest in fiber, despite its recent financial difficulties, while the Open Fiber wholesale provider now has a number of retail contracts which have greatly broadened competition in the sector; plans to merge Open Fiber with TIM&rsquo;s fixed infrastructure are ongoing; regulatory measures have also been introduced to facilitate access to NGNs, and a number of deals have been brokered which enable the main telcos to provide bundled services to large numbers of the population; Italy&rsquo;s vibrant mobile market has one of the highest subscription rates in Europe, though the number of subscribers has fallen in recent years as customers respond to attractive off-net pricing which has reduced the financial benefit of having SIM cards from different providers; the market underwent considerable changes following the merger of Wind and 3 Italia (becoming Wind Tre), which resulted in a new entrant in the form of Iliad; in mid-2019 Fastweb was recognized as an MNO in its own right, having been an MVNO for some 11 years; the company has secured frequencies in the 3.5GHz and 26GHz bands and has a ten-year deal with Wind Tre providing it with national roaming as well as a partner with which to develop a 5G network; network companies were among the first in Europe to trial services based on 5G; the high cost also encouraged the regulator in early 2021 to consider extending the licenses by an additional six years. (2021)"
"text": "Italy&rsquo;s large telecom market has one of the most progressive fiber sectors in Europe, with regulatory measures encouraging network sharing; regulatory measures have also been introduced to facilitate access to NGNs, and a number of deals have been brokered which enable the main telcoms to provide bundled services to large numbers of the population; Italy&rsquo;s vibrant mobile market has one of the highest subscription rates in Europe, though the number of subscribers has fallen in recent years as customers respond to attractive off-net pricing which has reduced the financial benefit of having SIM cards from different providers; network companies were among the first in Europe to trial services based on 5G; the high cost also encouraged the regulator in early 2021 to consider extending the licenses by an additional six years (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "high-capacity cable and microwave radio relay trunks; 32 per 100 for fixed-line and nearly 128 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2020)"
@ -1289,12 +1286,12 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "19,441 (Nigeria), 15,337 (Pakistan), 12,962 (Afghanistan), 10,609 (Mali), 7,901 (Somalia), 5,845 (Gambia), 5,079 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 170,646 (Ukraine) (as of 27 September 2022)"
"text": "19,441 (Nigeria), 15,337 (Pakistan), 12,962 (Afghanistan), 10,609 (Mali), 7,901 (Somalia), 5,845 (Gambia), 5,079 (Iraq) (mid-year 2021); 171,546 (Ukraine) (as of 19 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "3,000 (mid-year 2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 665,060 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 666,087 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "important gateway for drug trafficking; organized crime groups allied with Colombian and Spanish groups trafficking cocaine to Europe"

9
europe/je.json
View file

@ -92,9 +92,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "largest and southernmost of Channel Islands; about 30% of population concentrated in Saint Helier"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Jersey map showing this British crown dependency island in the English Channel.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -113,7 +110,7 @@
"text": "Jersey 44.4%, British 30.5%, Portuguese/Madeiran 9.4%, Polish 3%, Irish 2.1%, other 10.6% (2021 est.)"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "<p>English (official) 94.5%, Portuguese 4.6%, other .9% (includes French (official) and Jerriais)</p> (2001 est.)",
"text": "<p>English (official) 94.5%, Portuguese 4.6%, other 0.9% (includes French (official) and Jerriais)</p> (2001 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data represent main spoken language; the traditional language of Jersey is Jerriais or Jersey French (a Norman language), which was spoken by fewer than 3,000 people as of 2001;  two thirds of Jerriais speakers are aged 60 and over"
},
"Religions": {
@ -441,7 +438,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Jersey Court of Appeal (consists of the bailiff, deputy bailiff, and 12 judges); Royal Court (consists of the bailiff, deputy bailiff, 6 commissioners and lay people referred to as jurats, and is organized into Heritage, Family, Probate, and Samedi Divisions); appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -675,7 +672,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 44; landing points for the INGRID, UK-Channel Islands-8, and Guernsey-Jersey-4, submarine cable connectivity to Guernsey, the UK, and France (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "multiple UK terrestrial TV broadcasts are received via a transmitter in Jersey; satellite packages available; BBC Radio Jersey and 1 other radio station operating"

3
europe/jn.json
View file

@ -84,9 +84,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "barren volcanic spoon-shaped island with some moss and grass flora; island consists of two parts: a larger northeast Nord-Jan (the spoon \"bowl\") and the smaller Sor-Jan (the \"handle\"), linked by a 2.5 km-wide isthmus (the \"stem\") with two large lakes, Sorlaguna (South Lagoon) and Nordlaguna (North Lagoon)"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Jan Mayen map showing the island – a territory of Norway – situated in the Greenland Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {

11
europe/kv.json
View file

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
},
"Geography": {
"Location": {
"text": "Southeast Europe, between Serbia and Macedonia"
"text": "Southeastern Europe, between Serbia and Macedonia"
},
"Geographic coordinates": {
"text": "42 35 N, 21 00 E"
@ -93,9 +93,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the 41-km long Nerodimka River divides into two branches each of which flows into a different sea: the northern branch flows into the Sitnica River, which via the Ibar, Morava, and Danube Rivers ultimately flows into the Black Sea; the southern branch flows via the Lepenac and Vardar Rivers into the Aegean Sea"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Kosovo map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -471,7 +468,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 18 judges and organized into Appeals Panel of the Kosovo Property Agency and Special Chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -957,7 +954,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 383"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Internet country code": {
"text": ".xk; note - assigned as a temporary code under UN Security Council resolution 1244/99<br><br> ",
@ -1080,7 +1077,7 @@
"IDPs": {
"text": "16,000 (primarily ethnic Serbs displaced during the 1998-1999 war fearing reprisals from the majority ethnic-Albanian population; a smaller number of ethnic Serbs, Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptians fled their homes in 2004 as a result of violence) (2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 8,157 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2022)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 8,259 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2022)"
}
}
}

9
europe/lg.json
View file

@ -102,9 +102,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "most of the country is composed of fertile low-lying plains with some hills in the east"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Latvia map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Baltic Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -606,7 +603,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the Senate with 36 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1100,7 +1097,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 371; the Latvian network is now connected via fiber-optic cable to Estonia, Finland, and Sweden"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "several national and regional commercial TV stations are foreign-owned, 2 national TV stations are publicly owned; system supplemented by privately owned regional and local TV stations; cable and satellite multi-channel TV services with domestic and foreign broadcasts available; publicly owned broadcaster operates 4 radio networks with dozens of stations throughout the country; dozens of private broadcasters also operate radio stations"
@ -1265,7 +1262,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "39,561 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)"
"text": "39,854 (Ukraine) (as of 14 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "209,168 (mid-year 2021); note - individuals who were Latvian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants were recognized as Latvian citizens when the country's independence was restored in 1991; citizens of the former Soviet Union residing in Latvia who have neither Latvian nor other citizenship are considered non-citizens (officially there is no statelessness in Latvia) and are entitled to non-citizen passports; children born after Latvian independence to stateless parents are entitled to Latvian citizenship upon their parents' request; non-citizens cannot vote or hold certain government jobs and are exempt from military service but can travel visa-free in the EU under the Schengen accord like Latvian citizens; non-citizens can obtain naturalization if they have been permanent residents of Latvia for at least five years, pass tests in Latvian language and history, and know the words of the Latvian national anthem"

9
europe/lh.json
View file

@ -100,9 +100,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "fertile central plains are separated by hilly uplands that are ancient glacial deposits"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Lithuania map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Baltic Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -609,7 +606,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 37 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1106,7 +1103,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 370; landing points for the BCS East, BCS East-West Interlink and NordBalt connecting Lithuania to Sweden, and Latvia&nbsp;; further transmission by satellite; landline connections to Latvia and Poland (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "public broadcaster operates 3 channels with the third channel - a satellite channel - introduced in 2007; various privately owned commercial TV broadcasters operate national and multiple regional channels; many privately owned local TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services available; publicly owned broadcaster operates 3 radio networks; many privately owned commercial broadcasters, with repeater stations in various regions throughout the country"
@ -1278,7 +1275,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "67,793 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)"
"text": "68,396 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "2,721 (mid-year 2021)"

9
europe/lo.json
View file

@ -99,9 +99,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; most of the country is rugged and mountainous; the Tatra Mountains in the north are interspersed with many scenic lakes and valleys"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Slovakia map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -588,7 +585,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of the court president, vice president, and approximately 80 judges organized into criminal, civil, commercial, and administrative divisions with 3- and 5-judge panels); Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of 13 judges organized into 3-judge panels)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1086,7 +1083,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 421; 3 international exchanges (1 in Bratislava and 2 in Banska Bystrica) are available; Slovakia is participating in several international telecommunications projects that will increase the availability of external services; connects to DREAM cable (2017)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "state-owned public broadcaster, Radio and Television of Slovakia (RTVS), operates 2 national TV stations and multiple national and regional radio networks; roughly 50 privately owned TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 40% of households are connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; 32 privately owned radio stations"
@ -1238,7 +1235,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "97,085 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)"
"text": "97,935 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,532 (mid-year 2021)"

11
europe/ls.json
View file

@ -93,9 +93,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Liechtenstein map showing major population centers of this landlocked country surrounded by Switzerland and Austria.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -124,7 +121,7 @@
}
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Roman Catholic (official) 73.4%, Protestant Reformed 6.3%, Muslim 5.9%,&nbsp; Christian Orthodox 1.3%, Lutheran 1.2%, other Protestant .7%, other Christian .3%, other .8%, none 7%, unspecified 3.3% (2015 est.)"
"text": "Roman Catholic (official) 73.4%, Protestant Reformed 6.3%, Muslim 5.9%,&nbsp; Christian Orthodox 1.3%, Lutheran 1.2%, other Protestant 0.7%, other Christian 0.3%, other 0.8%, none 7%, unspecified 3.3% (2015 est.)"
},
"Age structure": {
"0-14 years": {
@ -515,7 +512,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 5 judges); Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgericht (consists of 5 judges and 5 alternates)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -566,7 +563,7 @@
"lyrics/music": {
"text": "Jakob Joseph JAUCH/Josef FROMMELT"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1850, revised 1963; uses the tune of \"God Save the Queen\""
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1850, revised 1963; uses the tune of \"God Save the King\""
}
},
"Economy": {
@ -775,7 +772,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 423; linked to&nbsp;Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "relies on foreign terrestrial and satellite broadcasters for most broadcast media services; first Liechtenstein-based TV station established August 2008; Radio Liechtenstein operates multiple radio stations; a Swiss-based broadcaster operates one radio station in Liechtenstein"

9
europe/lu.json
View file

@ -96,9 +96,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; the only grand duchy in the world"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "Luxembourg map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries."
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -574,7 +571,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Justice includes Court of Appeal and Court of Cassation (consists of 27 judges on 9 benches); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1072,7 +1069,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 352"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "Luxembourg has a long tradition of operating radio and TV services for pan-European audiences and is home to Europe's largest privately owned broadcast media group, the RTL Group, which operates 46 TV stations and 29 radio stations in Europe; also home to Europe's largest satellite operator, Societe Europeenne des Satellites (SES); domestically, the RTL Group operates TV and radio networks; other domestic private radio and TV operators and French and German stations available; satellite and cable TV services available"
@ -1213,7 +1210,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "6,756 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)"
"text": "6,756 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "194 (mid-year 2021)"

11
europe/md.json
View file

@ -99,9 +99,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; well endowed with various sedimentary rocks and minerals including sand, gravel, gypsum, and limestone"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Moldova map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -594,7 +591,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief judge, 3 deputy-chief judges, 45 judges, and 7 assistant judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 6 judges); note - the Constitutional Court is autonomous to the other branches of government; the Court interprets the Constitution and reviews the constitutionality of parliamentary laws and decisions, decrees of the president, and acts of the government"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -612,7 +609,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Eugen CARAS (since 17 July 2020)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Carolina PEREBINOS (since 27 July 2022)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2101 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008"
@ -1083,7 +1080,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 373; service through Romania and Russia via landline; satellite earth stations - at least 3 - Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "state-owned national radio-TV broadcaster operates 1 TV and 1 radio station; a total of nearly 70 terrestrial TV channels and some 50 radio stations are in operation; Russian and Romanian channels also are available (2019)"
@ -1235,7 +1232,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "94,252 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)"
"text": "94,535 (Ukraine) (as of 17 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "3,372 (mid-year 2021)"

9
europe/mj.json
View file

@ -106,9 +106,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location along the Adriatic coast"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Montenegro map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Adriatic Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -634,7 +631,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Vrhovni Sud (consists of the court president, deputy president, and 15 judges); Constitutional Court or Ustavni Sud (consists of the court president and 7 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1128,7 +1125,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 382; 2 international switches connect the national system"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "state-funded national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial TV networks, 1 satellite TV channel, and 2 radio networks;&nbsp;4 local public TV stations and 14 private TV stations; 14 local public radio stations, 35 private radio stations, and&nbsp;several on-line media (2019)"
@ -1277,7 +1274,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "458 (mid-year 2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 26,520 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 26,801 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>drug trafficking groups are major players in the procurement and transportation of large quantities of cocaine  destined for  European markets</p>"

11
europe/mk.json
View file

@ -96,9 +96,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>North Macedonia map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -585,7 +582,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 22 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1079,7 +1076,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 389"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "public service TV broadcaster Macedonian Radio and Television operates 3 national terrestrial TV channels and 2 satellite TV channels; additionally, there are 10 regional TV stations that broadcast nationally using terrestrial transmitters, 54 TV channels with concession for cable TV, 9 regional TV stations with concessions for cable TV; 4 satellite TV channels broadcasting on a national level, 21 local commercial TV channels, and a large number of cable operators that offer domestic and international programming; the public radio broadcaster operates over 3 stations; there are 4 privately owned radio stations that broadcast nationally; 17 regional radio stations, and 49 local commercial radio stations (2019)"
@ -1206,12 +1203,12 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "6,031 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)"
"text": "6,123 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "553 (mid-year 2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 542,907 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2022)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 545,889 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2022)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe; although not a financial center and most criminal activity is thought to be domestic, money laundering is a problem due to a mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement"

10
europe/mn.json
View file

@ -95,9 +95,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "second-smallest independent state in the world (after the Holy See); smallest country with a coastline; almost entirely urban"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Monaco map identifies some of the major sites of the microstate surrounded by France and the Mediterranean Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -517,7 +514,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 5 permanent members and 2 substitutes)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -788,7 +785,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 377; landing points for the EIG and Italy-Monaco submarine cables connecting Monaco to Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "TV Monte-Carlo operates a TV network; cable TV available; Radio Monte-Carlo has extensive radio networks in France and Italy with French-language broadcasts to France beginning in the 1960s and Italian-language broadcasts to Italy beginning in the 1970s; other radio stations include Riviera Radio and Radio Monaco"
@ -831,7 +828,8 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "no regular military forces; Ministry of Interior: Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince (Prince&rsquo;s Company of Carabiniers (Palace Guard)), Corps des Sapeurs-pompiers de Monaco (Fire and Emergency), Police Department (2022)"
"text": "no regular military forces; Ministry of Interior: Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince (Prince’s Company of Carabiniers), Corps des Sapeurs-pompiers de Monaco (Fire and Emergency), Police Department (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the primary responsibility for the Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince is guarding the palace"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "defense is the responsibility of France"

9
europe/mt.json
View file

@ -98,9 +98,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the country comprises an archipelago, with only the three largest islands (Malta, Ghawdex or Gozo, and Kemmuna or Comino) inhabited; numerous bays provide good harbors; Malta and Tunisia are discussing oil exploration on the continental shelf between their countries, although no commercially viable reserves have been found as of 2017"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Malta map showing the major population centers of this archipelagic country in the Mediterranean Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -217,7 +214,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "29.3 years (2020 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data refer to the average of the different childbearing ages of first-order births"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data refers to the average of the different childbearing ages of first-order births"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "6 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -579,7 +576,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Appeal (consists of either 1 or 3 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 3 judges); Court of Criminal Appeal (consists of either 1 or 3 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1070,7 +1067,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 356; landing points for the Malta-Gozo Cable, VMSCS, GO-1 Mediterranean Cable System, Malta Italy Interconnector, Melita-1, and the Italy-Malta submarine cable connections to Italy; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "2 publicly owned TV stations, Television Malta broadcasting nationally plus an educational channel; several privately owned national television stations, 2 of which are owned by political parties; Italian and British broadcast programs are available; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are available; publicly owned radio broadcaster operates 3 stations; roughly 20 commercial radio stations (2019)"

7
europe/nl.json
View file

@ -108,9 +108,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "located at mouths of three major European rivers (Rhine, Maas or Meuse, and Schelde); about a quarter of the country lies below sea level and only about half of the land exceeds one meter above sea level"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Netherlands map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the North Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -603,7 +600,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (consists of 41 judges: the president, 6 vice presidents, 31 justices or raadsheren, and 3 justices in exceptional service, referred to as buitengewone dienst); the court is divided into criminal, civil, tax, and ombuds chambers"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1103,7 +1100,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 31; landing points for Farland North, TAT-14, Circe North, Concerto, Ulysses 2, AC-1, UK-Netherlands 14, and COBRAcable submarine cables which provide links to the US and Europe; satellite earth stations - 5 (3 Intelsat - 1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "more than 90% of households are connected to cable or satellite TV systems that provide a wide range of domestic and foreign channels; public service broadcast system includes multiple broadcasters, 3 with a national reach and the remainder operating in regional and local markets; 2 major nationwide commercial television companies, each with 3 or more stations, and many commercial TV stations in regional and local markets; nearly 600 radio stations with a mix of public and private stations providing national or regional coverage"

18
europe/no.json
View file

@ -104,9 +104,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much-indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of the most rugged and longest coastlines in the world"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Norway map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Norwegian and North Seas.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -591,7 +588,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (consists of the chief justice and 18 associate justices)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -660,7 +657,7 @@
"lyrics/music": {
"text": "lyrics/music: Bjornstjerne BJORNSON/Rikard NORDRAAK"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1864; in addition to the national anthem, \"Kongesangen\" (Song of the King), which uses the tune of \"God Save the Queen,\" serves as the royal anthem"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1864; in addition to the national anthem, \"Kongesangen\" (Song of the King), which uses the tune of \"God Save the King,\" serves as the royal anthem"
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {
@ -1089,7 +1086,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 47;&nbsp;landing points for the&nbsp;Svalbard Undersea Cable System, Polar Circle Cable, Bodo-Rost Cable, NOR5KE Viking, Celtic Norse, Tempnet Offshore FOC Network, England Cable, Denmark-Norwary6, Havfrue/AEC-2, Skagerrak 4, and the Skagenfiber West &amp; East&nbsp;submarine cables providing links to other Nordic countries, Europe and the US; satellite earth stations - Eutelsat,&nbsp;Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Norway shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "state-owned public radio-TV broadcaster operates 3 nationwide TV stations, 3 nationwide radio stations, and 16 regional radio stations; roughly a dozen privately owned TV stations broadcast nationally and roughly another 25 local TV stations broadcasting; nearly 75% of households have access to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; 2 privately owned radio stations broadcast nationwide and another 240 stations operate locally; Norway is the first country in the world to phase out FM radio in favor of Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), a process scheduled for completion in late 2017 (2019)"
@ -1223,21 +1220,22 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 23,000 active personnel (8,000 Army; 4,000 Navy; 4,000 Air Force; 7,000 other, including special operations, cyber, joint staff, intelligence, logistics support, active Home Guard, etc.); approximately 40,000 Home Guard (2022)"
"text": "approximately 27,000 active personnel (9,000 Army; 4,300 Navy; 4,700 Air Force; 9,000 other, including special operations, cyber, joint staff, intelligence, logistics support, active Home Guard, etc.); approximately 40,000 Home Guard (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong>  active personnel includes about 10,000 conscripts"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the military's inventory includes a mix of imported European, US, and domestically-produced weapons systems and equipment; since 2010, the US has been the leading supplier of weapons systems to Norway (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "19-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service for men and women; 17 years of age for male volunteers; 18 years of age for women volunteers; 12-19 month service obligation; conscripts first serve 12 months between the ages of 19 and 28, and then up to 4-5 refresher training periods until age 35, 44, 55, or 60 depending on rank and function (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>Norway conscripts about 8,000 individuals annually; it has had compulsory military service since 1907<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> Norway was the first NATO country to allow women to serve in all combat arms branches of the military (1985); it also has an all-female special operations unit known as Jegertroppen (The Hunter Troop), which was established in 2014; as of 2019, women comprised about 14% of the military's full-time personnel"
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>Norway conscripts about 8,000 individuals annually; it has had compulsory military service since 1907<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> Norway was the first NATO country to allow women to serve in all combat arms branches of the military (1985); it also has an all-female special operations unit known as Jegertroppen (The Hunter Troop), which was established in 2014; as of 2021, women comprised about 20% of the military's full-time personnel"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "up to 190 Lithuania (NATO) (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in response to Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Norway, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Norway is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949<br><br>the Norwegian Armed Forces cooperate closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009 (2022)"
"text": "Norway is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949<br><br>the Norwegian Armed Forces cooperate closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; NORDEFCO was established in 2009<br><br>the first Norwegian defense organization, the leidangen, was established along the coastline in the 10th century to protect the Norwegian coast (2022)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1246,7 +1244,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "15,542 (Syria), 11,965 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 29,208 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)"
"text": "15,542 (Syria), 11,965 (Eritrea) (mid-year 2021); 29,699 (Ukraine) (as of 14 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "4,154 (mid-year 2021)"

9
europe/pl.json
View file

@ -109,9 +109,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "historically, an area of conflict because of flat terrain and the lack of natural barriers on the North European Plain"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Poland map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Baltic Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -626,7 +623,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the designation National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe is only used on those rare occasions when the 2 houses meet jointly"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Sad Najwyzszy (consists of the first president of the Supreme Court and 120 justices organized in criminal, civil, labor and social insurance, and extraordinary appeals and public affairs and disciplinary chambers); Constitutional Tribunal (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1127,7 +1124,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 48; landing points for the Baltica and the Denmark-Poland2 submarine cables connecting Poland, Denmark and Sweden; international direct dialing with automated exchanges; satellite earth station - 1 with access to Intelsat, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "state-run public TV operates 2 national channels supplemented by 16 regional channels and several niche channels; privately owned entities operate several national TV networks and a number of special interest channels; many privately owned channels broadcasting locally; roughly half of all households are linked to either satellite or cable TV systems providing access to foreign television networks; state-run public radio operates 5 national networks and 17 regional radio stations; 2 privately owned national radio networks, several commercial stations broadcasting to multiple cities, and many privately owned local radio stations (2019)"
@ -1318,7 +1315,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "9,870 (Russia) (2019); 1,436,558 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)"
"text": "9,870 (Russia) (2019); 1,449,214 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,389 (mid-year 2021)"

7
europe/po.json
View file

@ -105,9 +105,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar; they are two of the four North Atlantic archipelagos that make up Macaronesia; the others are the Canary Islands (Spain) and Cabo Verde"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Portugal map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding Spain and the North Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -590,7 +587,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 12 justices); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1093,7 +1090,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 351;&nbsp;landing points for the Ella Link, BUGIO, EIG, SAT-3/WASC, SeaMeWe-3, Equino, MainOne, Tat TGN-Western Europe, WACS, ACE, Atlantis2 and Columbus-III&nbsp;submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, South America&nbsp;and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP), the publicly owned TV broadcaster, operates 4 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly 40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to international broadcasters with more than half of all households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately owned national radio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radio stations"

13
europe/ri.json
View file

@ -99,9 +99,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Serbia map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -228,7 +225,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "28.2 years (2020 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data do not cover Kosovo or Metohija"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data does not cover Kosovo or Metohija"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "12 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -627,7 +624,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Cassation (consists of 36 judges, including the court president); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1123,7 +1120,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 381"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Internet country code": {
"text": ".rs"
@ -1263,7 +1260,7 @@
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription abolished January 2011 (2021)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of 2019, women made up about 6% of the military's full-time personnel 2011"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as of 2019, women made up about 6% of the military's full-time personnel "
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "175 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (May 2022)"
@ -1278,7 +1275,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "17,336 (Croatia), 7,997 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (mid-year 2021); 20,568 (Ukraine) (includes Ukrainian refugees in Kosovo; as of 11 October 2022)"
"text": "17,336 (Croatia), 7,997 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (mid-year 2021); 20,967 (Ukraine) (includes Ukrainian refugees in Kosovo; as of 18 October 2022)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "196,995 (most are Kosovar Serbs, some are Roma, Ashkalis, and Egyptian (RAE); some RAE IDPs are unregistered) (2021)"

9
europe/ro.json
View file

@ -110,9 +110,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "controls the most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine; the Carpathian Mountains dominate the center of the country, while the Danube River forms much of the southern boundary with Serbia and Bulgaria"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Romania map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Black Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -607,7 +604,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "High Court of Cassation and Justice (consists of 111 judges organized into civil, penal, commercial, contentious administrative and fiscal business, and joint sections); Supreme Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1105,7 +1102,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 40; landing point for the Diamond Link Global submarine cable linking Romania with Georgia; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "a mixture of public and private TV stations; there are 7 public TV stations (2 national, 5 regional) using terrestrial broadcasting and 187 private TV stations (out of which 171 offer local coverage) using terrestrial broadcasting, plus 11 public TV stations using satellite broadcasting and 86 private TV stations using satellite broadcasting; state-owned public radio broadcaster operates 4 national networks and regional and local stations, having in total 20 public radio stations by terrestrial broadcasting plus 4 public radio stations by satellite broadcasting; there are 502 operational private radio stations using terrestrial broadcasting and 26 private radio stations using satellite broadcasting"
@ -1281,7 +1278,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "82,127 (Ukraine) (as of 9 October 2022)"
"text": "83,748 (Ukraine) (as of 16 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "314 (mid-year 2021)"

9
europe/si.json
View file

@ -98,9 +98,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Slovenia map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Gulf of Venice.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -587,7 +584,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 37 judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor and social security, administrative, and registry departments); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1084,7 +1081,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 386 (2016)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "public TV broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35 domestic commercial TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 60% of households are connected to multi-channel cable TV; public radio broadcaster operates 3 national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and local commercial and non-commercial radio stations"
@ -1241,7 +1238,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "8,255 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2022)"
"text": "8,302 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "10 (2020)"

7
europe/sm.json
View file

@ -87,9 +87,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; an enclave of (completely surrounded by) Italy; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennine Mountains"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>San Marino map showing the major population centers in this microstate surrounded by Italy.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -511,7 +508,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members); note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -838,7 +835,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 378; connected to Italian international network"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 3 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2019)"

11
europe/sp.json
View file

@ -106,9 +106,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location along approaches to Strait of Gibraltar; Spain controls a number of territories in northern Morocco including the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, and the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas; Spain's Canary Islands are one of four North Atlantic archipelagos that make up Macaronesia; the others are Azores (Portugal), Madeira (Portugal), and Cabo Verde"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Spain map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Mediterranean Sea and Bay of Biscay.</p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -617,7 +614,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo (consists of the court president and organized into the Civil Room, with a president and 9 judges; the Penal Room, with a president and 14 judges; the Administrative Room, with a president and 32 judges; the Social Room, with a president and 12 judges; and the Military Room, with a president and 7 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional de Espana (consists of 12 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1117,7 +1114,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 34; landing points for the MAREA, Tata TGN-Western Europe, Pencan-9, SAT-3/WASC, Canalink, Atlantis-2, Columbus -111, Estepona-Tetouan, FEA, Balalink, ORVAL and PENBAL-5 submarine cables providing connectivity to Europe, the&nbsp;Middle East, Africa,&nbsp;South America,&nbsp;Asia, Southeast Asia&nbsp;and the&nbsp;US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "<p>a mixture of both publicly operated and privately owned TV and radio stations; overall, hundreds of TV channels are available including national, regional, local, public, and international channels; satellite and cable TV systems available; multiple national radio networks, a large number of regional radio networks, and a larger number of local radio stations; overall, hundreds of radio stations </p> (2019)"
@ -1303,12 +1300,12 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "14,823 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 147,113 (Ukraine) (as of 10 October 2022)"
"text": "14,823 (Syria) (mid-year 2021); 418,200 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2021); 147,930 (Ukraine) (as of 10 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "692 (mid-year 2021)"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>267,630 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals, including Canary Islands (January 2015-October 2022)"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>272,837 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals, including Canary Islands (January 2015-October 2022)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "primary transit point in Europe for cocaine from South America and for hashish from Morocco; cocaine is shipped in raw or liquid form with mixed cargo to avoid detection; traffickers ship methamphetamine via express mail; increasing number of indoor cannabis production; illegal labs cutting, mixing, and reconstituting cocaine, and heroin and methamphetamine labs; synthetic drugs, including ketamine and MDMA (ecstasy) transit from Spain to the United States"

7
europe/sv.json
View file

@ -84,9 +84,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area; Spitsbergen Island is the site of the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, a seed repository established by the Global Crop Diversity Trust and the Norwegian Government"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Svalbard map showing the major population centers and islands of this Norwegian territory in the Arctic Ocean.</p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -338,7 +335,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "none; note - Svalbard is subordinate to Norway's Nord-Troms District Court and Halogaland Court of Appeal, both located in Tromso"
}
},
@ -425,7 +422,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 47-790; the Svalbard Undersea Cable System is a twin communications cable that connects Svalbard to mainland Norway; the system is the sole telecommunications link to the archipelago (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) began direct TV transmission to Svalbard via satellite in 1984; Longyearbyen households have access to 3 NRK radio and 2 TV stations"

9
europe/sw.json
View file

@ -106,9 +106,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas; Sweden has almost 100,000 lakes, the largest of which, Vanern, is the third largest in Europe"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Sweden map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Baltic Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -594,7 +591,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Sweden (consists of 16 justices, including the court chairman); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 18 justices, including the court president)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1091,7 +1088,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 46; landing points for Botina, SFL, SFS-4, Baltic Sea Submarine Cable, Eastern Light, Sweden-Latvia, BCS North-Phase1, EE-S1, LV-SE1,&nbsp;BCS East-West Interlink, NordBalt, Baltica, Denmark-Sweden-15,-17,-18, Scandinavian Ring -North,-South, IP-Only Denmark-Sweden, Donica North,&nbsp;Kattegate-1,-2, Energinet Laeso-Varberg and GC2 submarine cables providing links to other Nordic countries and Europe; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "publicly owned TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial networks plus regional stations; multiple privately owned TV broadcasters operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 50 local TV stations; widespread access to pan-Nordic and international broadcasters through multi-channel cable and satellite TV; publicly owned radio broadcaster operates 3 national stations and a network of 25 regional channels; roughly 100 privately owned local radio stations with some consolidating into near national networks; an estimated 900 community and neighborhood radio stations broadcast intermittently"
@ -1264,7 +1261,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "114,995 (Syria), 28,744 (Afghanistan), 26,911 (Eritrea), 11,574 (Somalia), 11,153 (Iraq), 7,516 (Iran) (2020); 46,579 (Ukraine) (as of 7 October 2022)"
"text": "114,995 (Syria), 28,744 (Afghanistan), 26,911 (Eritrea), 11,574 (Somalia), 11,153 (Iraq), 7,516 (Iran) (2020); 46,983 (Ukraine) (as of 7 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "50,098 (mid-year 2021); note - the majority of stateless people are from the Middle East and Somalia"

12
europe/sz.json
View file

@ -104,9 +104,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; crossroads of northern and southern Europe; along with southeastern France, northern Italy, and southwestern Austria, has the highest elevations in the Alps"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Switzerland map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -604,7 +601,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Federal Supreme Court (consists of 38 justices and 19 deputy justices organized into 7 divisions)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1107,7 +1104,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 41; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "<p>the publicly owned radio and TV broadcaster, Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SRG/SSR), operates 8 national TV networks, 3 broadcasting in German, 3 in French, and 2 in Italian; private commercial TV stations broadcast regionally and locally; TV broadcasts from stations in Germany, Italy, and France are widely available via multi-channel cable and satellite TV services; SRG/SSR operates 17 radio stations that, along with private broadcasters, provide national to local coverage )</p> (2019)"
@ -1198,8 +1195,7 @@
},
"narrow gauge": {
"text": "1,630 km (2015) 1.200-m gauge (2 km electrified) (includes 19 km in neighboring countries)"
},
"note": "1188 km 1.000-mm gauge (1,167.3 km electrified)<br>36 km 0.800-mm gauge (36.4 km electrified)"
}
},
"Roadways": {
"total": {
@ -1276,7 +1272,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "38,219 (Eritrea), 20,043 (Syria), 14,649 (Afghanistan), 6,069 (Sri Lanka), 6,197 (Turkey) (mid-year 2021); 66,252 (Ukraine) (as of 10 October 2022)"
"text": "38,219 (Eritrea), 20,043 (Syria), 14,649 (Afghanistan), 6,069 (Sri Lanka), 6,197 (Turkey) (mid-year 2021); 66,812 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "684 (mid-year 2021)"

13
europe/uk.json
View file

@ -102,9 +102,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from France and linked by tunnel under the English Channel (the Channel Tunnel or Chunnel); because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>United Kingdom map showing the British Isles (including Northern Ireland) situated in the North Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -223,7 +220,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "29 years (2018 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represent England and Wales only"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents England and Wales only"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "7 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -579,7 +576,7 @@
"text": "King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); Heir Apparent Prince WILLIAM (son of the king, born 21 June 1982); note - CHARLES succeeded his mother, Queen ELIZABETH II, after serving as Prince of Wales (heir apparent) for over 64 years - the longest such tenure in British history"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Mary Elizabeth TRUSS (Conservative) (since 6 September 2022)"
"text": "Prime Minister Rishi SUNAK (Conservative) (since 25 October 2022)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the prime minister"
@ -601,7 +598,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 12 justices, including the court president and deputy president); note - the Supreme Court was established by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 and implemented in 2009, replacing the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords as the highest court in the United Kingdom"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1104,7 +1101,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 44;&nbsp;Landing points for the GTT Atlantic, Scotland-Northern Ireland -1, &amp; -2, Lanis 1,-2, &amp;-3, Sirius North, BT-MT-1, SHEFA-2, BT Highlands and Islands Submarine Cable System, Northern Lights, FARICE-1, Celtic Norse, Tampnet Offshore FOC Network, England Cable, CC-2, E-LLan, Sirius South, ESAT -1 &amp; -2, Rockabill, Geo-Eirgrid, UK-Netherlands-14, Circle North &amp; South, Ulysses2, Conceto, Farland North, Pan European Crossing,&nbsp;Solas, Swansea-Bream, GTT Express, Tata TGN-Atlantic &amp; -Western Europe, Apollo, EIG, Glo-1, TAT-14, Yellow, Celtic,&nbsp;FLAG Atlantic-1, FEA, Isle of Scilly Cable, UK-Channel Islands-8 and SeaMeWe-3&nbsp;submarine cables providing links throughout Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Australia,&nbsp;and US; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (7 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Eutelsat; at least 8 large international switching centers (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "public service broadcaster, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world; BBC operates multiple TV networks with regional and local TV service; a mixed system of public and commercial TV broadcasters along with satellite and cable systems provide access to hundreds of TV stations throughout the world; BBC operates multiple national, regional, and local radio networks with multiple transmission sites; a large number of commercial radio stations, as well as satellite radio services are available (2018)"
@ -1296,7 +1293,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "21,011 (Iran), 14,503 (Eritrea), 11,251 (Sudan), 11,412 (Syria), 9,469 (Afghanistan), 8,357 (Pakistan), 6,933 (Iraq), 5,200 (Sri Lanka) (2020); 136,600 (Ukraine) (as of 10 October 2022)"
"text": "21,011 (Iran), 14,503 (Eritrea), 11,251 (Sudan), 11,412 (Syria), 9,469 (Afghanistan), 8,357 (Pakistan), 6,933 (Iraq), 5,200 (Sri Lanka) (2020); 138,400 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2022)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "3,968 (mid-year 2021)"

13
europe/up.json
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5
europe/vt.json
View file

@ -72,9 +72,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; an enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; beyond the territorial boundary of Vatican City, the Lateran Treaty of 1929 grants the Holy See extraterritorial authority over 23 sites in Rome and five outside of Rome, including the Pontifical Palace at Castel Gandolfo (the Pope's summer residence)"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Holy See (Vatican City) map identifies some of the major structures in this entity surrounded by Italy (Rome).</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -363,7 +360,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura (consists of the cardinal prefect, who serves as ex-officio president of the court, and 2 other cardinals of the Prefect Signatura); note - judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio, papal directive, of Pope PIUS XII on 1 May 1946; most Vatican City criminal matters are handled by the Republic of Italy courts"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {