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17
africa/ag.json
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@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
"text": "17.4% (2018 est.)"
},
"agricultural land: arable land": {
"text": "arable land: 3.1% (2018 est.)"
"text": "arable land: 3.2% (2018 est.)"
},
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
"text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)"
@ -107,9 +107,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "largest country in Africa but 80% desert; canyons and caves in the southern Hoggar Mountains and in the barren Tassili n'Ajjer area in the southeast of the country contain numerous examples of prehistoric art - rock paintings and carvings depicting human activities and wild and domestic animals (elephants, giraffes, cattle) - that date to the African Humid Period, roughly 11,000 to 5,000 years ago, when the region was completely vegetated"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Algeria map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Mediterranean Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -140,7 +137,7 @@
"text": "Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Ahmadi Muslims, Shia Muslims, Ibadi&nbsp; Muslims) &lt;1% (2012 est.)"
},
"Demographic profile": {
"text": "<p>For the first two thirds of the 20th century, Algeria's high fertility rate caused its population to grow rapidly. However, about a decade after independence from France in 1962, the total fertility rate fell dramatically from 7 children per woman in the 1970s to about 2.4 in 2000, slowing Algeria's population growth rate by the late 1980s. The lower fertility rate was mainly the result of women's rising age at first marriage (virtually all Algerian children being born in wedlock) and to a lesser extent the wider use of contraceptives. Later marriages and a preference for smaller families are attributed to increases in women's education and participation in the labor market; higher unemployment; and a shortage of housing forcing multiple generations to live together. The average woman's age at first marriage increased from about 19 in the mid-1950s to 24 in the mid-1970s to 30.5 in the late 1990s.</p> <p>Algeria's fertility rate experienced an unexpected upturn in the early 2000s, as the average woman's age at first marriage dropped slightly. The reversal in fertility could represent a temporary fluctuation in marriage age or, less likely, a decrease in the steady rate of contraceptive use.</p> <p>Thousands of Algerian peasants - mainly Berber men from the Kabylia region - faced with land dispossession and economic hardship under French rule migrated temporarily to France to work in manufacturing and mining during the first half of the 20th century. This movement accelerated during World War I, when Algerians filled in for French factory workers or served as soldiers. In the years following independence, low-skilled Algerian workers and Algerians who had supported the French (known as Harkis) emigrated en masse to France. Tighter French immigration rules and Algiers' decision to cease managing labor migration to France in the 1970s limited legal emigration largely to family reunification.</p> <p>Not until Algeria's civil war in the 1990s did the country again experience substantial outmigration. Many Algerians legally entered Tunisia without visas claiming to be tourists and then stayed as workers. Other Algerians headed to Europe seeking asylum, although France imposed restrictions. Sub-Saharan African migrants came to Algeria after its civil war to work in agriculture and mining. In the 2000s, a wave of educated Algerians went abroad seeking skilled jobs in a wider range of destinations, increasing their presence in North America and Spain. At the same time, legal foreign workers principally from China and Egypt came to work in Algeria's construction and oil sectors. Illegal migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Malians, Nigeriens, and Gambians, continue to come to Algeria in search of work or to use it as a stepping stone to Libya and Europe.</p> <p>Since 1975, Algeria also has been the main recipient of Sahrawi refugees from the ongoing conflict in Western Sahara (today part of Morocco). More than 1000,000 Sahrawis are estimated to be living in five refugee camps in southwestern Algeria near Tindouf.</p>"
"text": "<p>For the first two thirds of the 20th century, Algeria's high fertility rate caused its population to grow rapidly. However, about a decade after independence from France in 1962, the total fertility rate fell dramatically from 7 children per woman in the 1970s to about 2.4 in 2000, slowing Algeria's population growth rate by the late 1980s. The lower fertility rate was mainly the result of women's rising age at first marriage (virtually all Algerian children being born in wedlock) and to a lesser extent the wider use of contraceptives. Later marriages and a preference for smaller families are attributed to increases in women's education and participation in the labor market; higher unemployment; and a shortage of housing forcing multiple generations to live together. The average woman's age at first marriage increased from about 19 in the mid-1950s to 24 in the mid-1970s to 30.5 in the late 1990s.</p> <p>Algeria's fertility rate experienced an unexpected upturn in the early 2000s, as the average woman's age at first marriage dropped slightly. The reversal in fertility could represent a temporary fluctuation in marriage age or, less likely, a decrease in the steady rate of contraceptive use.</p> <p>Thousands of Algerian peasants - mainly Berber men from the Kabylia region - faced with land dispossession and economic hardship under French rule migrated temporarily to France to work in manufacturing and mining during the first half of the 20th century. This movement accelerated during World War I, when Algerians filled in for French factory workers or served as soldiers. In the years following independence, low-skilled Algerian workers and Algerians who had supported the French (known as Harkis) emigrated en masse to France. Tighter French immigration rules and Algiers' decision to cease managing labor migration to France in the 1970s limited legal emigration largely to family reunification.</p> <p>Not until Algeria's civil war in the 1990s did the country again experience substantial outmigration. Many Algerians legally entered Tunisia without visas claiming to be tourists and then stayed as workers. Other Algerians headed to Europe seeking asylum, although France imposed restrictions. Sub-Saharan African migrants came to Algeria after its civil war to work in agriculture and mining. In the 2000s, a wave of educated Algerians went abroad seeking skilled jobs in a wider range of destinations, increasing their presence in North America and Spain. At the same time, legal foreign workers principally from China and Egypt came to work in Algeria's construction and oil sectors. Illegal migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Malians, Nigeriens, and Gambians, continue to come to Algeria in search of work or to use it as a stepping stone to Libya and Europe.</p> <p>Since 1975, Algeria also has been the main recipient of Sahrawi refugees from the ongoing conflict in Western Sahara (today part of Morocco). More than 100,000 Sahrawis are estimated to be living in five refugee camps in southwestern Algeria near Tindouf.</p>"
},
"Age structure": {
"0-14 years": {
@ -314,7 +311,7 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "(2020 est.) <.1%"
"text": "(2020 est.) <0.1%"
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "18,000 (2020 est.)"
@ -435,7 +432,7 @@
"text": "17.4% (2018 est.)"
},
"agricultural land: arable land": {
"text": "arable land: 3.1% (2018 est.)"
"text": "arable land: 3.2% (2018 est.)"
},
"agricultural land: permanent crops": {
"text": "permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)"
@ -600,11 +597,11 @@
"text": "<br>Council of the Nation - last held on 5 February 2022 (next election NA)<br>National People's Assembly - snap election held on 12 June 2021 (next to be held on 12 June 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Council of the Nation - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 54, RND 22, Future Front 7, National Construction Movement 5, FFS 4, other 6, independent 18, appointed 58; composition NA<br><br>National People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 98, MSP 65, RND 58, (Future Front) 48, Movement of National Construction 39, other 15, independent 84; composition - men 374, women 33, percent of women 8.1%; note - total Parliament percent of women 7.3%"
"text": "<br>Council of the Nation - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 54, RND 22, Future Front 7, National Construction Movement 5, FFS 4, other 6, independent 18, appointed 58; composition - NA<br><br>National People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 98, MSP 65, RND 58, (Future Front) 48, Movement of National Construction 39, other 15, independent 84; composition - men 374, women 33, percent of women 8.1%; note - total Parliament percent of women 7.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Le Cour Supr&ecirc;me, (consists of 150 judges organized into 8 chambers: Civil, Commercial and Maritime, Criminal, House of Offenses and Contraventions, House of Petitions, Land, Personal Status, and Social; Constitutional Council (consists of 12 members including the court chairman and deputy chairman); note - Algeria's judicial system does not include sharia courts"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1080,7 +1077,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Algeria has a steadily developing telecom infrastructure with growth encouraged by supportive regulatory measures and by government policies aimed at delivering serviceable internet connections across the country; mobile broadband is largely based on 3G and LTE, and the data rates are also low in global terms; LTE is available in all provinces, investment is required from the MNOs to improve the quality of service; the state has previously been hesitant to commit to 5G, instead encouraging the MNOs to undertake upgrades to LTE infrastructure before investing in commercial 5G services; in March 2022, the state is in the process of freeing up the requisite spectrum to enable the MNOs to launch 5G services sometime this year; fixed internet speeds remain slow, and the country ranks poorly in international tables; the government has pressed Alg&eacute;rie T&eacute;l&eacute;com in early 2021 to increase the minimum rate available from 4Mb/s to 10Mb/s. (2022)"
"text": "Algeria has a steadily developing telecom infrastructure with growth encouraged by supportive regulatory measures and by government policies aimed at delivering serviceable internet connections across the country; mobile broadband is largely based on 3G and LTE, and the data rates are also low in global terms; LTE is available in all provinces, investment is required from the MNOs to improve the quality of service; the state has previously been hesitant to commit to 5G, instead encouraging the MNOs to undertake upgrades to LTE infrastructure before investing in commercial 5G services; in March 2022, the state is in the process of freeing up the requisite spectrum to enable the MNOs to launch 5G services sometime this year; fixed internet speeds remain slow, and the country ranks poorly in international tables (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "a limited network of fixed-lines with a teledensity of slightly less than 11 telephones per 100 persons has been offset by the rapid increase in mobile-cellular subscribership; mobile-cellular teledensity was approximately 104 telephones per 100 persons in 2020 (2020)"

9
africa/ao.json
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@ -107,9 +107,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Angola map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the South Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -229,7 +226,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.4 years (2015/16 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "241 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -626,7 +623,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 16 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1114,7 +1111,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Angola&rsquo;s telecom sector in recent years has benefited from political stability, which has encouraged foreign investment in the sector; the government and regulator have also set in train mechanisms to open up the telecom sector to new competitors, with Africell having secured a universal license and in so doing becoming the country&rsquo;s fourth MNO; following an extensive investment program, the company launched mobile services in April 2022; the MNOs were slow to develop LTE services, instead relying on their GSM and 3G network capabilities; Angola Telecom did not launch LTE services until mid-2018; there has been slow progress in LTE network development, with only a small proportion of the country covered by network infrastructure; some progress&nbsp; has been made with 5G; the Ministry of Telecommunications in early 2021 set up a 5G hub to assess 5G user cases, while Unitel and the new MNO Africell since mid-2021 have contracted vendors to provide 5G-ready transmission networks; the regulator in November 2021 granted licenses to Africell, Movicel, and Unitel to enable them to offer 5G services; the government has continued to develop telecom infrastructure to help diversify the country&rsquo;s economy and lessen its dependence on offshore crude oil production; by extending and upgrading telecom networks the government expects businesses to become more efficient and for e-commerce to become a more prominent feature of economic growth; networks will facilitate rural access to education and health care. (2022)"
"text": "Angola&rsquo;s telecom sector in recent years has benefited from political stability, which has encouraged foreign investment in the sector; the government and regulator have also set in train mechanisms to open up the telecom sector to new competitors; following an extensive investment program, the company launched mobile services in April 2022; the MNOs were slow to develop LTE services, instead relying on their GSM and 3G network capabilities; there has been slow progress in LTE network development, with only a small proportion of the country covered by network infrastructure; some progress&nbsp; has been made with 5G; the Ministry of Telecommunications in early 2021 set up a 5G hub to assess 5G user cases; the government has continued to develop telecom infrastructure to help diversify the country&rsquo;s economy and lessen its dependence on offshore crude oil production; by extending and upgrading telecom networks the government expects businesses to become more efficient and for e-commerce to become a more prominent feature of economic growth; networks will facilitate rural access to education and health care. (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "only about one fixed-line per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 45 telephones per 100 persons (2020)"

7
africa/bc.json
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@ -102,9 +102,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; population concentrated in the southern and eastern parts of the country"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Botswana map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -614,7 +611,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Appeal, High Court (each consists of a chief justice and a number of other judges as prescribed by the Parliament)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1099,7 +1096,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "effective regulatory reform has made Botswana&rsquo;s telecom market one of the most liberalized in the region; there is a service-neutral licensing regime adapted to the convergence of technologies and services, and several operators now compete in all telecom sectors; Botswana has one of the highest mobile subscription rates in Africa, though with this growth in the number of subscribers has slowed sharply in recent years; the popular use of multiple SIM cards from different operators convinced that regulator that there was no need introduce mobile number portability, and although the government pursued the idea for some years, it accepted in April 2021 that it would not be implemented after all; in a bid to generate new revenue streams and secure market share, the three MNOs &ndash; Mascom Wireless (an affiliate of South Africa&rsquo;s MTN), Orange Botswana (backed by Orange Group) and BTC &ndash; have entered the underdeveloped broadband sector by adopting of 3G, LTE, and WiMAX technologies;&nbsp; in the fixed-line broadband market they compete with a large number of ISPs, some of which have rolled out their own wireless access infrastructure; the landlocked country depends on satellites for international bandwidth, and on other countries for transit capacity to the landing points of international submarine cables; the landing of additional cables in the region in recent years has improved the competitive situation in this sector, while prices for connectivity have fallen dramatically; Paratus Teleco in mid-2021 completed the first stage of a private network covering the entire country, and linking to the company&rsquo;s international cables (2022)"
"text": "effective regulatory reform has made Botswana&rsquo;s telecom market one of the most liberalized in the region; there is a service-neutral licensing regime adapted to the convergence of technologies and services, and several operators now compete in all telecom sectors; Botswana has one of the highest mobile subscription rates in Africa, though with this growth in the number of subscribers has slowed sharply in recent years; the popular use of multiple SIM cards from different operators convinced that regulator that there was no need introduce mobile number portability, and although the government pursued the idea for some years, it accepted in April 2021 that it would not be implemented after all; in the fixed-line broadband market they compete with a large number of ISPs, some of which have rolled out their own wireless access infrastructure; the landlocked country depends on satellites for international bandwidth, and on other countries for transit capacity to the landing points of international submarine cables; the landing of additional cables in the region in recent years has improved the competitive situation in this sector, while prices for connectivity have fallen dramatically (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line teledensity has declined in recent years and now stands at roughly 6 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 162 telephones per 100 persons (2020)"

9
africa/bn.json
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@ -104,9 +104,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "sandbanks create difficult access to a coast with no natural harbors, river mouths, or islands"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Benin map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Bight of Benin.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -227,7 +224,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "20.5 years (2017/18 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "397 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -639,7 +636,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of the chief justice and 16 justices organized into an administrative division, judicial chamber, and chamber of accounts); Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle (consists of 7 members, including the court president); High Court of Justice (consists of the Constitutional Court members, 6 members appointed by the National Assembly, and the Supreme Court president); note - jurisdiction of the High Court of Justice is limited to cases of high treason by the national president or members of the government while in office"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1112,7 +1109,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Benin&rsquo;s telecom market continues to be restricted by the poor condition of the country&rsquo;s fixed-line infrastructure;&nbsp; this has hampered the development of fixed-line voice and internet services, and there is negligible revenue derived from these sectors; mobile networks account for almost all internet connections, and also carry most voice traffic; there is promise for considerable change in the mobile sector, which has been a duopoly between Moov and MTN since the closure of services from Glo Mobile and Libercom in 2018; slow progress is being made in developing competition in the mobile sector; the national infrastructure provider SBIN has been licensed to provide mobile services, and in mid-2021 Sonatel Group was awarded a five-year contract to oversee progress; in May 2021 the government sought foreign companies unaffiliated with MTN Group or Maroc Telecom to bid for a fourth mobile license; improved international internet connectivity has contributed to a reduction in end-user pricing, and provided the potential to transform many areas of the country&rsquo;s economy, bringing a greater proportion of the population into the orbit of internet commerce and connectivity; a 2,000km fiber project started in 2016 was finally completed in mid-2021, prompting the government to secure a loan to build additional fiber infrastructure connecting four of the country&rsquo;s 12 departments. (2022)"
"text": "Benin&rsquo;s telecom market continues to be restricted by the poor condition of the country&rsquo;s fixed-line infrastructure;&nbsp; this has hampered the development of fixed-line voice and internet services, and there is negligible revenue derived from these sectors; mobile networks account for almost all internet connections, and also carry most voice traffic; there is promise for considerable change in the mobile sector; slow progress is being made in developing competition in the mobile sector; in May 2021 the government sought foreign companies to bid for a fourth mobile license; improved international internet connectivity has contributed to a reduction in end-user pricing, and provided the potential to transform many areas of the country&rsquo;s economy, bringing a greater proportion of the population into the orbit of internet commerce and connectivity; a 2,000km fiber project started in 2016 was finally completed in mid-2021, prompting the government to secure a loan to build additional fiber infrastructure connecting four of the country&rsquo;s 12 departments (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line teledensity only about 1 per 100 persons; spurred by the presence of multiple mobile-cellular providers, cellular telephone subscribership has increased rapidly, nearing 92 per 100 persons (2020)"

7
africa/by.json
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@ -101,9 +101,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Burundi map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -230,7 +227,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "21.5 years (2016/17 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "548 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -644,7 +641,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 9 judges and organized into judicial, administrative, and cassation chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 members)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {

11
africa/cd.json
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@ -104,9 +104,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<p><strong>note 1:</strong> Chad is the largest of Africa's 16 landlocked countries</p> <p><strong>note 2:</strong> not long ago - geologically speaking - what is today the Sahara was green savannah teeming with wildlife; during the African Humid Period, roughly 11,000 to 5,000 years ago, a vibrant animal community, including elephants, giraffes, hippos, and antelope lived there; the last remnant of the \"Green Sahara\" exists in the Lakes of Ounianga (oo-nee-ahn-ga) in northern Chad, a series of 18 interconnected freshwater, saline, and hypersaline lakes now protected as a World Heritage site</p> <p><strong>note 3:</strong> Lake Chad, the most significant water body in the Sahel, is a remnant of a former inland sea, paleolake Mega-Chad; at its greatest extent, sometime before 5000 B.C., Lake Mega-Chad was the largest of four Saharan paleolakes that existed during the African Humid Period; it covered an area of about 400,000 sq km (150,000 sq mi), roughly the size of today's Caspian Sea</p>"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Chad map showing major cities and towns as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -231,7 +228,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "18.1 years (2014/15 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "1,140 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -652,7 +649,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the National Assembly mandate was extended to 2020, reportedly due to a lack of funding for the scheduled 2015 election; the MPS has held a majority in the NA since 1997"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 3 chamber presidents, and 12 judges or councilors and divided into 3 chambers); Constitutional Council (consists of 3 judges and 6 jurists)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -671,7 +668,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador NGOTE GALI Koutou (since 22 June 2018)"
"text": "Ambassador Koutou NGOTE GALI (since 22 June 2018)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"
@ -1117,7 +1114,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "the telecom infrastructure is particularly poor; fixed, mobile and internet is well below African averages; Chad&rsquo;s telecom market offers some potential for investors to develop services given the low starting base; the two main operators Moov Africa Chad and Airtel Chad have invested in infrastructure and have become the main providers of voice and data services; the mobile sector has developed steadily under the auspices of these two operators; the national telco and fixed-line operator Sotel Tchad operates the country&rsquo;s third mobile network, as Salam Mobile, though it is mainly focused on voice services since it depends on GPRS and EDGE technologies (which can provide only basic mobile data services); the country&rsquo;s first 3G/LTE mobile license was awarded in April 2014; Chad finally gained access to international fiber bandwidth in 2012 its national backbone infrastructure remains underdeveloped; the World Bank-funded Central African Backbone (CAB) project takes in Chad, while the country is also party to a Trans-Saharan Backbone project which will link a fiber cable to Nigeria and Algeria. (2022)"
"text": "the telecom infrastructure is particularly poor; fixed, mobile and internet is well below African averages; Chad&rsquo;s telecom market offers some potential for investors to develop services given the low starting base; the country&rsquo;s first 3G/LTE mobile license was awarded in April 2014; Chad finally gained access to international fiber bandwidth in 2012 its national backbone infrastructure remains underdeveloped; the World Bank-funded Central African Backbone (CAB) project takes in Chad, while the country is also party to a Trans-Saharan Backbone project which will link a fiber cable to Nigeria and Algeria (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line connections less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership base of about 53 per 100 persons (2020)"

7
africa/cf.json
View file

@ -110,9 +110,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "about 70% of the population lives in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, or along the railroad between them"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Republic of the Congo map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the South Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -238,7 +235,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.6 years (2011/12 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "378 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -647,7 +644,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members); note - a High Court of Justice, outside the judicial authority, tries cases involving treason by the president of the republic"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {

11
africa/cg.json
View file

@ -112,9 +112,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<p><strong>note 1:</strong> second largest country in Africa (after Algeria) and largest country in Sub-Saharan Africa; straddles the equator; dense tropical rain forest in central river basin and eastern highlands; the narrow strip of land that controls the lower Congo River is the DRC's only outlet to the South Atlantic Ocean</p> <p><strong>note 2:</strong> because of its speed, cataracts, rapids, and turbulence the Congo River, most of which flows through the DRC, has never been accurately measured along much of its length; nonetheless, it is conceded to be the deepest river in the world; estimates of its greatest depth vary between 220 and 250 meters</p>"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Democratic Republic of the Congo map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the South Atlantic Ocean.</p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -240,7 +237,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.9 years (2013/14 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "473 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -671,7 +668,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (consists of 26 justices and organized into legislative and judiciary sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1143,7 +1140,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "the telecom system remains one of the least developed in the region; the government can only loosely regulate the sector, and since the national telco SCPT has little capital to invest, much of the investment made in infrastructure is derived from donor countries or from the efforts of foreign (particularly Chinese) companies and banks; efforts have been made to improve the regulation of the telecom sector; the limited fixed-line infrastructure has become the principal providers of basic telecom services; the development of the DRC&rsquo;s internet and broadband market has been held back by the poorly developed national and international infrastructure; the country was finally connected to international bandwidth through the WACS submarine cable in 2013, while SCPT continues to roll out a fiber national backbone network with support from China; breakages in the WACS cable have exposed the vulnerability of international bandwidth, which is still limited; Liquid Intelligence Technologies has built a landing station for the Equiano submarine cable, and has also completed a 5,000km cable running through the DRC to link to cable systems landing in countries facing the Atlantic and Indian Oceans; the first commercial LTE networks were launched in May 2018 soon after LTE licenses were issued; mobile operators are keen to develop mobile data services, capitalizing on the growth of smartphones usage; there has been some progress with updating technologies, with Vodacom DRC having upgraded much of its GSM network to 3G by late 2021. (2022)"
"text": "the telecom system remains one of the least developed in the region; the government can only loosely regulate the sector; the investment made in infrastructure is derived from donor countries or from the efforts of foreign (particularly Chinese) companies and banks; efforts have been made to improve the regulation of the telecom sector; the limited fixed-line infrastructure has become the principal providers of basic telecom services; the development of the DRC&rsquo;s internet and broadband market has been held back by the poorly developed national and international infrastructure; the country was finally connected to international bandwidth through the WACS submarine cable in 2013; breakages in the WACS cable have exposed the vulnerability of international bandwidth, which is still limited; the Equiano submarine cable, and has also completed a 5,000km cable running through the DRC to link to cable systems landing in countries facing the Atlantic and Indian Oceans; the first commercial LTE networks were launched in May 2018 soon after LTE licenses were issued; mobile operators are keen to develop mobile data services, capitalizing on the growth of smartphones usage; there has been some progress with updating technologies (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "inadequate fixed-line infrastructure with fixed-line connections less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscriptions over 45 per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -1333,7 +1330,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "211,953 (Central African Republic), 209,761 (Rwanda), 55,285 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 40,808 (Burundi) (2022)"
"text": "212,120 (Central African Republic), 209,761 (Rwanda), 56,653 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 41,836 (Burundi) (2022)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "5.53 million (fighting between government forces and rebels since mid-1990s; conflict in Kasai region since 2016) (2022)"

9
africa/cm.json
View file

@ -109,9 +109,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa because of its central location on the continent and its position at the west-south juncture of the Gulf of Guinea; throughout the country there are areas of thermal springs and indications of current or prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest mountain in Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Cameroon map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Bight of Benin.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -237,7 +234,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "20.1 years (2018 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "529 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -668,7 +665,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Cameroon (consists of 9 titular and 6 surrogate judges and organized into judicial, administrative, and audit chambers); Constitutional Council (consists of 11 members)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1154,7 +1151,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Cameroon was for many years one of the few countries in Africa with only two competing mobile operators; after some delays, Viettel Cameroon launched a third network and has since grown its subscriber base rapidly; Camtel became the fourth mobile operator in early 2020 after securing three licenses, however it suspended the launch of services in early 2021; despite this, by the end of the year a launch under the Blue brand was imminent; the investment programs among operators over the next few years will considerably boost mobile broadband services in rural areas of the country, many of which are under served by fixed-line infrastructure; the ICT sector in Cameroon is making steady progress, enabling the country to make better use of the digital economy; about 95% of all electronic transactions are carried through the m-money services operated by MTN Cameroon and Orange Cameroon; the government has also been supportive, having launched its &lsquo;Cameroon Digital 2020&rsquo; program, aimed at improving connectivity nationally. A large number of small ICT projects form part of the overall program; improved submarine and terrestrial cable connectivity has substantially increased international bandwidth, in turn leading to reductions in access prices for consumers; other projects such as Acceleration of the Digital Transformation of Cameroon are aimed at developing the digital economy, and accelerating the use of ICT in areas such as government services, agriculture, and commerce. (2022)"
"text": "Cameroon was for many years one of the few countries in Africa with only two competing mobile operators; the investment programs among operators over the next few years will considerably boost mobile broadband services in rural areas of the country, many of which are under served by fixed-line infrastructure; the ICT sector in Cameroon is making steady progress, enabling the country to make better use of the digital economy; the government has also been supportive, having launched its &lsquo;Cameroon Digital 2020&rsquo; program, aimed at improving connectivity nationally. A large number of small ICT projects form part of the overall program; improved submarine and terrestrial cable connectivity has substantially increased international bandwidth, in turn leading to reductions in access prices for consumers; other projects such as Acceleration of the Digital Transformation of Cameroon are aimed at developing the digital economy, and accelerating the use of ICT in areas such as government services, agriculture, and commerce (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "only a little above 3 per 100 persons for fixed-line subscriptions; mobile-cellular usage has increased sharply, reaching a subscribership base of roughly 95 per 100 persons (2020)"

7
africa/cn.json
View file

@ -92,9 +92,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel; the only Arab League country that lies entirely in the Southern Hemisphere"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Comoros map showing the three major islands that make up the country in the Indian Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -215,7 +212,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "23 years (2012 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "273 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -569,7 +566,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 7 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {

5
africa/ct.json
View file

@ -102,9 +102,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; almost the precise center of Africa"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Central African Republic map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -626,7 +623,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, at least 3 of whom are women)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {

7
africa/cv.json
View file

@ -96,9 +96,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site; one of four North Atlantic archipelagos that make up Macaronesia; the others are Azores (Portugal), Canary Islands (Spain), and Madeira (Portugal)"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Cabo Verde map showing the many islands that make up the country in the North Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -568,7 +565,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief justice and at least 7 judges and organized into civil, criminal, and administrative sections)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1045,7 +1042,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "LTE reaches almost 40% of the population; regulator awards commercial 4G licenses and starts 5G pilot; govt. extends USD 25 million for submarine fiber-optic cable project&nbsp;linking Africa to Portugal and Brazil;&nbsp;major service provider is Cabo Verde Telecom (CVT) (2020)"
"text": "LTE reaches almost 40% of the population; regulator awards commercial 4G licenses and starts 5G pilot; govt. extends USD 25 million for submarine fiber-optic cable project linking Africa to Portugal and Brazil (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "a little over 10 per 100 fixed-line teledensity and nearly 98 per 100 mobile-cellular; fiber-optic ring, completed in 2001, links all islands providing Internet access and ISDN services; cellular service introduced in 1998; broadband services launched early in the decade (2020)"

7
africa/dj.json
View file

@ -106,9 +106,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa and the saltiest lake in the world"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Djibouti map showing the capital and major towns, as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Gulf of Aden.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -600,7 +597,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA magistrates); Constitutional Council (consists of 6 magistrates)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1060,7 +1057,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Djibouti remains one of the last bastions where the national telco has a monopoly on all telecom services, including fixed lines, mobile, internet, and broadband; the lack of competition to Djibouti Telecom for such services has meant that the market has not lived up to its potential; despite the country benefiting from its location as a hub for international submarine cables, and with Djibouti Telecom being a partner in at least eight of them, prices for telecom services remain relatively high, and out of reach for a number of customers, weighing on market advancement; the government has long harbored plans to privatize Djibouti Telecom, though thus far such plans have been delayed repeatedly; it has been encouraged by the experience of neighboring Ethiopia, which recently licensed the Global Partnership for Ethiopia consortium (controlled by Safaricom) and so broke the monopoly held by Ethio Telecom; the Djibouti government is aiming to sell a minority stake in the incumbent telco (retaining some control of decisions) while securing the financial backing and the management acumen of a foreign operator; this is part of a larger plan to modernize the country&rsquo;s economy more generally; the state expects to conduct of a sale of up to 40% of the company to an international investor by end-2022. (2022)"
"text": "Djibouti remains one of the last bastions where the national telco has a monopoly on all telecom services, including fixed lines, mobile, internet, and broadband; despite the country benefiting from its location as a hub for international submarine cables, and with Djibouti Telecom being a partner in at least eight of them, prices for telecom services remain relatively high, and out of reach for a number of customers, weighing on market advancement; the Djibouti government is aiming to sell a minority stake in the incumbent telco (retaining some control of decisions) while securing the financial backing and the management acumen of a foreign operator; this is part of a larger plan to modernize the country&rsquo;s economy more generally; the state expects to conduct of a sale of up to 40% of the company to an international investor by end-2022 (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "about 4 per 100 fixed-line teledensity and nearly 44 per 100 mobile-cellular; Djibouti Telecom (DT) is the sole provider of telecommunications services and utilizes mostly a microwave radio relay network; fiber-optic cable is installed in the capital; rural areas connected via wireless local loop radio systems; mobile cellular coverage is primarily limited to the area in and around Djibouti city (2020)"

9
africa/eg.json
View file

@ -118,9 +118,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<strong>note:</strong> controls Sinai Peninsula, the only land bridge between Africa and remainder of Eastern Hemisphere; controls Suez Canal, a sea link between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; size, and juxtaposition to Israel, establish its major role in Middle Eastern geopolitics; dependence on upstream neighbors; dominance of Nile basin issues; prone to influxes of refugees from Sudan and the Palestinian territories"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Egypt map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Mediterranean and Red Seas.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -246,7 +243,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "22.6 years (2014 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "37 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -639,7 +636,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Constitutional Court (SCC) (consists of the court president and 10 justices); the SCC serves as the final court of arbitration on the constitutionality of laws and conflicts between lower courts regarding jurisdiction and rulings; Court of Cassation (CC) (consists of the court president and 550 judges organized in circuits with cases heard by panels of 5 judges); the CC is the highest appeals body for civil and criminal cases, also known as \"ordinary justices\"; Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) (consists of the court president and NA judges and organized in circuits with cases heard by panels of 5 judges); the SAC is the highest court of the State Council"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1132,7 +1129,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Egypt&rsquo;s large telecom market is supported by a population of about 103 million and benefits from effective competition in most sectors; a liberal regulatory regime allows for unified licenses which permit operators to offer fixed-line as well as mobile services; in recent years the government has developed a number of digital migration projects aimed at increasing average broadband speeds, delivering fiber broadband to about 60% of the population, developing an in-house satellite program, and creating a knowledge-based economy through the greater adoption of ICTs; the New Administrative Capital being built is only one of more than a dozen smart city projects, which together are stimulating investment in 5G and fiber broadband, as well as the adoption of IoT and AI solutions; the country endeavor to be a significant ICT hub in the North Africa and Middle East regions; Egypt&rsquo;s mature mobile market has one of the highest subscription rates in Africa; progress in the adoption of mobile data services has been hampered by the lack of sufficient spectrum; the regulator in September 2020 made available 60MHz in the 2.6GHz band, though the spectrum was not allocated until late 2021; the additional spectrum will go far to enabling the MNOs to improve the quality of mobile broadband services offered; further 5G trials are to be held later in 2022, focused on the New Administrative Capital; the international cable infrastructure remains an important asset for Egypt, which benefits from its geographical position; Telecom Egypt has become one of the largest concerns in this segment, being a participating member in numerous cable systems; in mid-2021 the telco announced plans to build the Hybrid African Ring Path system, connecting a number of landlocked countries in Africa with Italy, France, and Portugal; the system will partly use the company&rsquo;s existing terrestrial and sub sea cable networks. (2022)"
"text": "Egypt&rsquo;s large telecom market is supported by a population of about 103 million and benefits from effective competition in most sectors; a liberal regulatory regime allows for unified licenses which permit operators to offer fixed-line as well as mobile services; in recent years the government has developed a number of digital migration projects aimed at increasing average broadband speeds, delivering fiber broadband to about 60% of the population, developing an in-house satellite program, and creating a knowledge-based economy through the greater adoption of ICTs; the New Administrative Capital being built is only one of more than a dozen smart city projects, which together are stimulating investment in 5G and fiber broadband, as well as the adoption of IoT and AI solutions; the country endeavor to be a significant ICT hub in the North Africa and Middle East regions; Egypt&rsquo;s mature mobile market has one of the highest subscription rates in Africa; progress in the adoption of mobile data services has been hampered by the lack of sufficient spectrum; the regulator in September 2020 made available 60MHz in the 2.6GHz band, though the spectrum was not allocated until late 2021; the additional spectrum will go far to enabling the MNOs to improve the quality of mobile broadband services offered; further 5G trials are to be held later in 2022, focused on the New Administrative Capital; the international cable infrastructure remains an important asset for Egypt, which benefits from its geographical position; Telecom Egypt has become one of the largest concerns in this segment, being a participating member in numerous cable systems; in mid-2021 the telco announced plans to build the Hybrid African Ring Path system, connecting a number of landlocked countries in Africa with Italy, France, and Portugal; the system will partly use the company&rsquo;s existing terrestrial and sub sea cable networks (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line roughly 10 per 100, mobile-cellular 93 per 100 (2020)"

5
africa/ek.json
View file

@ -98,9 +98,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "insular and continental regions widely separated; despite its name, no part of the Equator passes through Equatorial Guinea; the mainland part of the country is located just north of the Equator"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Equatorial Guinea map showing major cities and towns as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Gulf of Guinea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -569,7 +566,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief justice - who is also chief of state - and 9 judges&nbsp; organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor, administrative, and customary sections); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 4 members)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {

9
africa/er.json
View file

@ -95,9 +95,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes; Eritrea retained the entire coastline of Ethiopia along the Red Sea upon de jure independence from Ethiopia on 24 May 1993"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Eritrea map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Red Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -218,7 +215,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "21.3 years (2010 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-29"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "480 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -575,7 +572,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "High Court (consists of 20 judges and organized into civil, commercial, criminal, labor, administrative, and customary sections)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1025,7 +1022,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Eritrea&rsquo;s telecom sector operates under a state-owned monopoly for fixed and mobile services; the country has the least developed telecommunications market in Africa; mobile subscriptions stands at only about 20%, while fixed-line internet use barely registers; this is exacerbated by the very low use of computers, with only about 4% of households having a computer, and most of these being in the capital, Asmara; the provision of internet services is open to competition, about 2% of households have access to the internet; the national telco, the Eritrean Telecommunication Services Corporation (EriTel), continues to roll out a 3G network which provides basic internet access to the majority or Eritreans; considerable investment in telecom infrastructure is still required to improve the quality of services; the government has embarked on a work program aimed at extending services to remote areas, improving the quality of services, and ensuring that more telecoms infrastructure is supported by solar power to compensate for the poor state of the electricity network; additional foreign investment in telecom infrastructure, as well as introduction of more competition, would help transform what remains a virtually untapped market. (2021)"
"text": "Eritrea&rsquo;s telecom sector operates under a state-owned monopoly for fixed and mobile services; the country has the least developed telecommunications market in Africa; mobile subscriptions stands at only about 20%, while fixed-line internet use barely registers; this is exacerbated by the very low use of computers, with only about 4% of households having a computer, and most of these being in the capital, Asmara; the provision of internet services is open to competition, about 2% of households have access to the internet; considerable investment in telecom infrastructure is still required to improve the quality of services; the government has embarked on a work program aimed at extending services to remote areas, improving the quality of services, and ensuring that more telecoms infrastructure is supported by solar power to compensate for the poor state of the electricity network; additional foreign investment in telecom infrastructure, as well as introduction of more competition, would help transform what remains a virtually untapped market (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line subscribership is less than 2 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular is just over 20 per 100 (2019)"

9
africa/et.json
View file

@ -111,9 +111,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopia<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> three major crops may have originated in Ethiopia: coffee (almost certainly), grain sorghum, and castor bean"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Ethiopia map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -239,7 +236,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.3 years (2019 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "401 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -675,7 +672,7 @@
"note": "<strong>notes:</strong> House of Federation is responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues and the House of People's Representatives is responsible for passing legislation; percent of vote percentages are calculated on the number of members actually seated versus on the constitutional maximums"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Federal Supreme Court (consists of 11 judges); note - the House of Federation has jurisdiction for all constitutional issues"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1168,7 +1165,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "the slow process to open up Ethiopia&rsquo;s telecom market was completed with the licensing of the Safaricom-led Global Partnership for Ethiopia consortium; the country had been one of the last in Africa to allow its national telco a monopoly on all telecom services including fixed, mobile, internet and data communications; this has stifled innovation, restricted network expansion, and limited the scope of services on offer; the consortium was in some respects a proxy for the wider influence over Ethiopia&rsquo;s telecom sector between the interests of the US and China; only one of the two licenses on offer was secured, with uncertainty as to the timetable for issuing the second license; the government in mid-2021 began the process of selling a 45% stake in the incumbent telco Ethio Telecom; the World Bank in early 2021 provided a $200 million loan to help develop the country&rsquo;s digital transformation, while the government has embarked on its 2020-2030 program as well as its Digital Ethiopia 2025 strategy, both aimed at making better use of digital technologies to promote socioeconomic development; the country&rsquo;s mobile platform has mostly been provided by ZTE and Huawei, which have offered vendor financing; Ethio Telecom has placed the expansion of LTE services as a cornerstone of its investment program to 2022; the new licensee has been barred from contracting Chinese vendors, thus opening the door to western vendors. (2021)"
"text": "the slow process to open up Ethiopia&rsquo;s telecom market was completed with the licensing of the Safaricom-led Global Partnership for Ethiopia consortium; the country had been one of the last in Africa to allow its national telco a monopoly on all telecom services including fixed, mobile, internet and data communications; this has stifled innovation, restricted network expansion, and limited the scope of services on offer; the consortium was in some respects a proxy for the wider influence over Ethiopia&rsquo;s telecom sector between the interests of the US and China; only one of the two licenses on offer was secured, with uncertainty as to the timetable for issuing the second license; the government in mid-2021 began the process of selling a 45% stake in the incumbent telco Ethio Telecom; the World Bank in early 2021 provided a $200 million loan to help develop the country&rsquo;s digital transformation, while the government has embarked on its 2020-2030 program as well as its Digital Ethiopia 2025 strategy, both aimed at making better use of digital technologies to promote socioeconomic development; the country&rsquo;s mobile platform has mostly been provided by ZTE and Huawei, which have offered vendor financing (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line subscriptions at about 1 per 100 while mobile-cellular stands at a little over 37 per 100; the number of mobile telephones is increasing steadily (2019)"

9
africa/ga.json
View file

@ -110,9 +110,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the African mainland"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>The Gambia map showing the country surrounded by Senegal except to the west where the Gambia River empties into the North Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -233,7 +230,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "20.7 years (2019/20 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "597 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -629,7 +626,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of The Gambia (consists of the chief justice and 6 justices; court sessions held with 5 justices)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1095,7 +1092,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Gambia&rsquo;s telecom market is dominated by the incumbent telco Gamtel, which retains a monopoly on fixed-line telephony services; there are five mobile networks providing effective competition, though Giraffe Telecom was only licensed in January 2022 and has not yet been allocated a frequency; the market leader is Africell, with about 62% of the market, while Comium and QCell compete closely for second and third place; Gamtel&rsquo;s mobile unit Gamcel is by far the smallest network, having suffered from low investment in recent years; Comium has also suffered from financial difficulties: its failure to pay accumulated fees resulted in the government having sought a temporary suspension of its services in mid-2021; mobile subscriptions are well above the African average, itself a testament to the poor condition of the fixed-line infrastructure and the lack of availability of fixed services in many rural areas of the country; the incumbent has a relatively well-developed national fiber backbone network, low fixed-line subscriptions have hindered internet usage; there are only four licensed ISPs, which are small networks serving local areas, and so competition is minimal; their limited services are complemented by the fixed-wireless offerings of three of the MNOs; the government has embarked on a National Broadband Network program aimed at closing the digital divide affecting many parts of the country; Gamtel launched services based on this network in late 2019, though on a limited scale; despite efforts to improve internet connectivity, the country ranks among the lowest globally in terms of digital readiness. (2022)"
"text": "Gambia&rsquo;s telecom market has five mobile networks providing effective competition; mobile subscriptions are well above the African average, itself a testament to the poor condition of the fixed-line infrastructure and the lack of availability of fixed services in many rural areas of the country; there are only four licensed ISPs, which are small networks serving local areas, and so competition is minimal; their limited services are complemented by the fixed-wireless offerings of three of the MNOs; the government has embarked on a National Broadband Network program aimed at closing the digital divide affecting many parts of the country; despite efforts to improve internet connectivity, the country ranks among the lowest globally in terms of digital readiness. (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line subscriptions nearly 2 per 100 with one dominant company and mobile-cellular teledensity nearly 111 per 100 persons (2020)"

9
africa/gb.json
View file

@ -107,9 +107,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "a small population and oil and mineral reserves have helped Gabon become one of Africa's wealthier countries; in general, these circumstances have allowed the country to maintain and conserve its pristine rain forest and rich biodiversity"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Gabon map showing major cities and towns as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -230,7 +227,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.6 years (2012 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "252 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -590,7 +587,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 4 permanent specialized supreme courts - Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation, Administrative Supreme Court or Conseil d'Etat, Accounting Supreme Court or Cour des Comptes, Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle, and the non-permanent Court of State Security, initiated only for cases of high treason by the president and criminal activity by executive branch officials)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1068,7 +1065,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "the telecom market was liberalized in 1999 when the government awarded three mobile telephony licenses and two ISP licenses and established an independent regulatory authority; Moov Gabon (known as Gabon Telecom before a rebranding exercise in January 2021), was privatized in 2007 when Maroc Telecom bought a 51% stake in the network; in June 2016 Maroc Telecom merged its two business in Gabon, thereby reducing the number of mobile networks from four to three; the 2009 entry of USAN (operated by Bintel Group under the brand name Azur) into a competitive market with high subscriptions triggered a price war that saw falling revenue and profits, forcing the networks to streamline their businesses and to look for new income streams; following more than a year of delays, a license to offer 3G mobile broadband services was awarded in late 2011; Azur failed and ceased trading in late 2017, encumbered by debts and fined by the regulator for failing to observe its quality of service obligations; in contrast with the mobile market, Gabon&rsquo;s fixed-line and internet sectors have remained underdeveloped due to a lack of competition and high prices; the country has sufficient international bandwidth on the SAT-3/WASC/SAFE submarine cable but this facility is monopolized by Moov Gabon; the arrival of the ACE submarine cable, combined with progressing work on the CAB cable, has increased back haul capacity supporting mobile data traffic, and broke Moov Gabon&rsquo;s monopoly on international internet traffic. (2022)"
"text": "the telecom market was liberalized in 1999 when the government awarded three mobile telephony licenses and two ISP licenses and established an independent regulatory authority; in contrast with the mobile market, Gabon&rsquo;s fixed-line and internet sectors have remained underdeveloped due to a lack of competition and high prices; the country has sufficient international bandwidth on the SAT-3/WASC/SAFE submarine cable; the arrival of the ACE submarine cable, combined with progressing work on the CAB cable, has increased back haul capacity supporting mobile data traffic (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line is a little over 1 per 100 subscriptions; a growing mobile cellular network with multiple providers is making telephone service more widely available with mobile cellular teledensity at nearly 139 per 100 persons (2020)"

9
africa/gh.json
View file

@ -110,9 +110,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake (manmade reservoir) by surface area (8,482 sq km; 3,275 sq mi); the lake was created following the completion of the Akosombo Dam in 1965, which holds back the White Volta and Black Volta Rivers"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Ghana map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Gulf of Guinea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -234,7 +231,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "20.7 years (2014 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "308 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -643,7 +640,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 13 justices)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1128,7 +1125,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "challenged by unreliable electricity and shortage of skilled labor, Ghana seeks to extend telecom services nationally; investment in fiber infrastructure and off-grid solutions provide data coverage to over 23 million people; launch of LTE has improved mobile data services, including m-commerce and banking; moderately competitive Internet market, most through mobile networks; international submarine cables, and terrestrial cables have improved Internet capacity; LTE services are widely available, only MTN Ghana has thus far signaled a willingness to invest in 5G; the relatively high cost of 5G-compatible devices also inhibits most subscribers from migrating from 3G and LTE platforms. (2022)"
"text": "challenged by unreliable electricity and shortage of skilled labor, Ghana seeks to extend telecom services nationally; investment in fiber infrastructure and off-grid solutions provide data coverage to over 23 million people; launch of LTE has improved mobile data services, including m-commerce and banking; moderately competitive Internet market, most through mobile networks; international submarine cables, and terrestrial cables have improved Internet capacity; LTE services are widely available; the relatively high cost of 5G-compatible devices also inhibits most subscribers from migrating from 3G and LTE platforms (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line data about 1 per 200 subscriptions; competition among multiple mobile-cellular providers has spurred growth with a voice subscribership of more than 130 per 100 persons (2022)"

9
africa/gv.json
View file

@ -104,9 +104,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the Niger and its important tributary the Milo River have their sources in the Guinean highlands"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Guinea map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the North Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -227,7 +224,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.9 years (2018 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "576 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -642,7 +639,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into Administrative Chamber and Civil, Penal, and Social Chamber; court consists of the first president, 2 chamber presidents, 10 councilors, the solicitor general, and NA deputies); Constitutional Court - suspended on 5 September 2021"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1121,7 +1118,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Guinea&rsquo;s telecom market is dominated by MTN and Orange; after the entry of these regional players, the number of mobile subscribers grew strongly while revenue also increased steadily; the debt-stricken incumbent fixed-line network Sotelgui provided a mobile service until it was closed down in late 2012, following a long period of mismanagement; the company itself was declared bankrupt in 2013, and stopped operating; the government since 2019 has sought to secure partners and investors to help launch a replacement operator, Guinea Telecom, but with no success; fixed broadband services are still very limited and expensive, though there have been some positive developments in recent years; the landing of the first international submarine cable in 2012, and the setting up of an IXP in mid-2013, increased the bandwidth available to the ISPs, and helped reduce the cost of internet services for end-users; a National Backbone Network was completed in mid-2020, connecting administrative centers across the country; almost all internet connections are made via mobile networks; GSM services account for a dwindling proportion of connections, in line with the greater reach of services based on 3G and LTE. (2022)"
"text": "the number of mobile subscribers grew strongly while revenue also increased steadily; fixed broadband services are still very limited and expensive, though there have been some positive developments in recent years; the landing of the first international submarine cable in 2012, and the setting up of an IXP in mid-2013, increased the bandwidth available to the ISPs, and helped reduce the cost of internet services for end-users; a National Backbone Network was completed in mid-2020, connecting administrative centers across the country; almost all internet connections are made via mobile networks; GSM services account for a dwindling proportion of connections, in line with the greater reach of services based on 3G and LTE (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "there is national coverage and Conakry is reasonably well-served; coverage elsewhere remains inadequate but is improving; fixed-line teledensity is less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership is just over 100 per 100 persons (2019)"

9
africa/iv.json
View file

@ -109,9 +109,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "most of the inhabitants live along the sandy coastal region; apart from the capital area, the forested interior is sparsely populated"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Cote d’Ivoire map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Gulf of Guinea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -238,7 +235,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.6 years (2011/12 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "617 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -658,7 +655,7 @@
"note": "<br><br>"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into Judicial, Audit, Constitutional, and Administrative Chambers; consists of the court president, 3 vice presidents for the Judicial, Audit, and Administrative chambers, and 9 associate justices or magistrates)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1132,7 +1129,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "in recent years the government of Ivory Coast has helped develop a competitive telecom sector focused on the provision of converged services, thus allowing operators to offer fixed-line and mobile services under a universal services license regime; there are two fixed network operators, the market is dominated by Orange Group&rsquo;s local unit, Orange C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire; the mobile market is more competitive, with Orange C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire operating alongside MTN C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire and Moov; over the years a number of alternative operators have either folded, had their licenses evoked, or failed to launch services; the fixed internet and broadband sectors remain underdeveloped; this is a legacy of poor international connectivity, which resulted in high wholesale prices, limited bandwidth, and a lack of access for alternative operators to international infrastructure; these limitations were addressed following the landing of a second cable in November 2011, and the end to the access monopoly held by Orange C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire; Orange Group has also launched its 20,000km Djoliba cable system, reaching across eight countries in the region, while the 2Africa submarine cable is being developed by a consortium of companies; with a landing station providing connectivity to C&ocirc;te d'Ivoire, the system is expected to be completed in late 2023. (2022)"
"text": "in recent years the government of Ivory Coast has helped develop a competitive telecom sector focused on the provision of converged services, thus allowing operators to offer fixed-line and mobile services under a universal services license regime; the fixed internet and broadband sectors remain underdeveloped; this is a legacy of poor international connectivity, which resulted in high wholesale prices, limited bandwidth, and a lack of access for alternative operators to international infrastructure; these limitations were addressed following the landing of a second cable in November 2011; Orange Group has also launched its 20,000km Djoliba cable system, reaching across eight countries in the region, while the 2Africa submarine cable is being developed by a consortium of companies; with a landing station providing connectivity to C&ocirc;te d'Ivoire, the system is expected to be completed in late 2023 (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "1 per 100 fixed-line teledensity; with multiple mobile-cellular service providers competing in the market, mobile subscriptions have increased to 152 per 100 persons (2020)"

9
africa/ke.json
View file

@ -115,9 +115,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers are found on Mount Kenya, Africa's second highest peak; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value; Lake Victoria, the world's largest tropical lake and the second largest fresh water lake, is shared among three countries: Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Kenya map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Indian Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -243,7 +240,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "20.3 years (2014 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "342 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -644,7 +641,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of chief and deputy chief justices and 5 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1149,7 +1146,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 254; landing point for the EASSy, TEAMS, LION2, DARE1, PEACE Cable, and SEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems covering East, North&nbsp;and South Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat; launched first micro satellites in 2018 (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "about a half-dozen large-scale privately owned media companies with TV and radio stations, as well as a state-owned TV broadcaster, provide service nationwide; satellite and cable TV subscription services available; state-owned radio broadcaster operates 2 national radio channels and provides regional and local radio services in multiple languages; many private radio stations broadcast on a national level along with over 100 private and non-profit regional stations broadcasting in local languages; TV transmissions of all major international broadcasters available, mostly via paid subscriptions; direct radio frequency modulation transmissions available for several foreign government-owned broadcasters (2019)"

9
africa/li.json
View file

@ -104,9 +104,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "facing the Atlantic Ocean, the coastline is characterized by lagoons, mangrove swamps, and river-deposited sandbars; the inland grassy plateau supports limited agriculture"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Liberia map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the North Atlantic Ocean.</p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -226,7 +223,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.1 years (2019/20 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "661 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -617,7 +614,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 4 associate justices); note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction for all constitutional cases"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1095,7 +1092,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 231; landing point for the ACE submarine cable&nbsp;linking 20 West&nbsp;African countries and Europe;&nbsp;satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "8 private and 1 government-owned TV station; satellite TV service available; 1 state-owned radio station; approximately&nbsp;20 independent radio stations broadcasting in Monrovia, with approximately&nbsp;80 more local stations operating in other areas; transmissions of 4 international (including the British Broadcasting Corporation and Radio France Internationale) broadcasters are available (2019)"

9
africa/lt.json
View file

@ -99,9 +99,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked, an enclave of (completely surrounded by) South Africa; mountainous, more than 80% of the country is 1,800 m above sea level"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Lesotho map showing major population centers of this landlocked country surrounded by South Africa.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -222,7 +219,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "20.9 years (2014 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "544 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -610,7 +607,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, such number of justices of appeal as set by Parliament, and the Chief Justice and the puisne judges of the High Court ex officio); High Court (consists of the chief justice and such number of puisne judges as set by Parliament); note - both the Court of Appeal and the High Court have jurisdiction in constitutional issues"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1099,7 +1096,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 266; Internet accessibility has improved with several submarine fiber optic cables that land on African east and west coasts, but the country's land locked position makes access prices expensive; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "1 state-owned TV station and 2 state-owned radio stations; government controls most private broadcast media; satellite TV subscription service available; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters obtainable (2019)"

7
africa/ly.json
View file

@ -105,9 +105,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesert<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the volcano Waw an Namus lies in south central Libya in the middle of the Sahara; the caldera is an oasis - the name means \"oasis of mosquitoes\" - containing several small lakes surrounded by vegetation and hosting various insects and a large diversity of birds"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Libya map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Mediterranean Sea.</p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -563,7 +560,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Libya's judicial system consists of a supreme court, central high courts (in Tripoli, Benghazi, and Sabha), and a series of lower courts; the judicial system is factious given the ongoing tension between Libya's eastern and western regions; since 2011, Libyan political factions and armed groups have targeted judges and courthouses"
}
},
@ -1017,7 +1014,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 218; landing points for LFON, EIG, Italy-Libya, Silphium and Tobrok-Emasaed&nbsp;submarine cable system connecting Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, Arabsat, and Intersputnik;&nbsp; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "state-funded and private TV stations; some provinces operate local TV stations; pan-Arab satellite TV stations are available; state-funded radio (2019)"

9
africa/ma.json
View file

@ -101,9 +101,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "world's fourth-largest island; strategic location along Mozambique Channel; despite Madagascar’s close proximity to the African continent, ocean currents isolate the island resulting in high rates of endemic plant and animal species; approximately 90% of the flora and fauna on the island are found nowhere else"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Madagascar map showing major cities of this island country in the Indian Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -224,7 +221,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.5 years (2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-29"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "335 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -632,7 +629,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 11 members; addresses judicial administration issues only); High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle (consists of 9 members); note - the judiciary includes a High Court of Justice responsible for adjudicating crimes and misdemeanors by government officials, including the president"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1109,7 +1106,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 261; landing points for the EASSy, METISS, and LION fiber-optic submarine cable systems connecting to numerous Indian Ocean Islands, South Africa, and Eastern African countries; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Indian Ocean, 1 Intersputnik - Atlantic Ocean region) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "state-owned Radio Nationale Malagasy (RNM) and Television Malagasy (TVM) have an extensive national network reach; privately owned radio and TV broadcasters in cities and major towns; state-run radio dominates in rural areas; relays of 2 international broadcasters are available in Antananarivo (2019)"

9
africa/mi.json
View file

@ -107,9 +107,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; Lake Nyasa, some 580 km long, is the country's most prominent physical feature; it contains more fish species than any other lake on earth"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Malawi map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -231,7 +228,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.1 years (2015/16 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "349 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -642,7 +639,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and at least 3 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1124,7 +1121,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 265; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "radio is the main broadcast medium; privately owned Zodiak radio has the widest national broadcasting reach, followed by state-run radio; numerous private and community radio stations broadcast in cities and towns around the country; the largest TV network is government-owned, but at least 4 private TV networks broadcast in urban areas; relays of multiple international broadcasters are available (2019)"

11
africa/ml.json
View file

@ -107,9 +107,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Mali map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -230,7 +227,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.2 years (2018 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "562 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -656,7 +653,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 19 judges organized into judicial, administrative, and accounting sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -674,7 +671,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (designate) S&eacute;kou BERTHE (since April 2022)"
"text": "Ambassador S&eacute;kou BERTHE (since 16 September 2022)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008"
@ -1138,7 +1135,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 223; satellite communications center and fiber-optic links to neighboring countries; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean) (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "national public TV broadcaster; 2 privately owned companies provide subscription services to foreign multi-channel TV packages; national public radio broadcaster supplemented by a large number of privately owned and community broadcast stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2019)"

7
africa/mo.json
View file

@ -110,9 +110,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location along Strait of Gibraltar; the only African nation to have both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines; the waters off the Atlantic coast are particularly rich fishing areas"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Morocco map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and the North Atlantic Ocean. Note that in 2020 the US recognized Western Sahara as part of Morocco.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -643,7 +640,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Court of Cassation (consists of 5-judge panels organized into civil, family matters, commercial, administrative, social, and criminal sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 12 members)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1143,7 +1140,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 212; landing point for the Atlas Offshore, Estepona-Tetouan, Canalink&nbsp;and SEA-ME-WE-3 fiber-optic telecommunications undersea cables that provide connectivity to Asia,&nbsp;Africa,&nbsp;the Middle East, Europe and Australia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "2 TV broadcast networks with state-run Radio-Television Marocaine (RTM) operating one network and the state partially owning the other; foreign TV broadcasts are available via satellite dish; 3 radio broadcast networks with RTM operating one; the government-owned network includes 10 regional radio channels in addition to its national service (2019)"

7
africa/mp.json
View file

@ -97,9 +97,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs; former home of the dodo, a large flightless bird related to pigeons, driven to extinction by the end of the 17th century through a combination of hunting and the introduction of predatory species"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Mauritius map showing major population centers on this island nation in the Indian Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -570,7 +567,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Mauritius (consists of the chief justice, a senior puisne judge, and 24 puisne judges); note - the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) serves as the final court of appeal"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1052,7 +1049,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 230; landing points for the SAFE, MARS, IOX Cable System, METISS&nbsp;and LION submarine cable system that provides links to Asia, Africa, Southeast Asia, Indian Ocean Islands of Reunion, Madagascar, and Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "the government maintains control over TV broadcasting through the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation (MBC), which only operates digital TV stations since June 2015; MBC is a shareholder in a local company that operates 2 pay-TV stations; the state retains the largest radio broadcast network with multiple stations; several private radio broadcasters have entered the market since 2001; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2019)"

9
africa/mr.json
View file

@ -113,9 +113,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "Mauritania is considered both a part of North Africa's Maghreb region and West Africa's Sahel region; most of the population is concentrated in the cities of Nouakchott and Nouadhibou and along the Senegal River in the southern part of the country"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Mauritania map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and the North Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -240,7 +237,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "21.8 years (2019/21)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "766 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -647,7 +644,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> a referendum held in August 2017 approved a constitutional amendment to change the Parliament structure from bicameral to unicameral by abolishing the Senate and creating Regional Councils for local development"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (subdivided into 7 chambers: 2 civil, 2 labor, 1 commercial, 1 administrative, and 1 criminal, each with a chamber president and 2 councilors ); Constitutional Council (consists of 9 members); High Court of Justice (consists of 9 members)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1136,7 +1133,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 222; landing point for the ACE submarine cable for connectivity&nbsp;to 19 West African countries and 2 European countries; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean, 2 Arabsat) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "12 TV stations: 6 government-owned and 6 private (the 6th was started in early 2022, owed by the President of Mauritanian Businessmen); in October 2017, the government suspended most private TV stations due to non-payment of broadcasting fees, but they later negotiated payment options with the government and are back since 2019. There are 19 radio broadcasters: 15 government-owned, 4 (Radio Nouakchott Libre, Radio Tenwir, Radio Kobeni and Mauritanid) private; all 4 private radio stations broadcast from Nouakchott; of the 15 government stations, 4 broadcast from Nouakchott (Radio Mauritanie, Radio Jeunesse, Radio Koran and Mauritanid) and the other 12 broadcast from each of the 12 regions outside Nouakchott; Radio Jeunesse and Radio Koran are now also being re-broadcast in all the regions. (2022)"

9
africa/mz.json
View file

@ -109,9 +109,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the Zambezi River flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Mozambique map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Indian Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -232,7 +229,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.2 years (2011 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "289 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -646,7 +643,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 5 judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 7 judges); note - the Higher Council of the Judiciary Magistracy is responsible for judiciary management and discipline"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1140,7 +1137,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 258; landing points for the EASSy and SEACOM/ Tata TGN-Eurasia fiber-optic submarine cable systems linking numerous&nbsp;east African&nbsp;countries, the Middle East and Asia&nbsp;; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean); TdM contracts for Itelsat for satellite broadband and bulk haul services (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TV station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available; state-run radio provides nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple languages; a number of privately owned and community-operated stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2019)"

9
africa/ng.json
View file

@ -107,9 +107,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world; northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna, suitable for livestock and limited agriculture"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Niger map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -229,7 +226,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "18.5 years (2012 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "509 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -650,7 +647,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges); High Court of Justice (consists of 7 members)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1136,7 +1133,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 227; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "state-run TV station; 3 private TV stations provide a mix of local and foreign programming; state-run radio has only radio station with national coverage; about 30 private radio stations operate locally; as many as 100 community radio stations broadcast; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available"

9
africa/ni.json
View file

@ -115,9 +115,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the Niger River enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Nigeria map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Gulf of Guinea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -239,7 +236,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "20.4 years (2018 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "917 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -661,7 +658,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 15 justices)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1163,7 +1160,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC, NCSCS,&nbsp; MainOne, Glo-1 &amp; 2, ACE, and Equiano&nbsp;fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and South and West Africa; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "nearly 70 federal government-controlled national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; network of federal government-controlled national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40 state government-owned radio stations typically carry their own programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations; transmissions of international broadcasters are available; digital broadcasting migration process completed in three states in 2018 (2019)"

7
africa/od.json
View file

@ -91,9 +91,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; The Sudd is a vast swamp in the north central region of South Sudan, formed by the White Nile, its size is variable but can reach some 15% of the country's total area during the rainy season; it is one of the world's largest wetlands"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>South Sudan map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -556,7 +553,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of South Sudan - pending formation (will likely consist of a chief and deputy chief justices as well as 9 other justices)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -947,7 +944,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 211 (2017)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "<p>a single TV channel and a radio station are controlled by the government; several community and commercial FM stations are operational, mostly sponsored by outside aid donors; some foreign radio broadcasts are available</p> (2019)"

5
africa/pu.json
View file

@ -101,9 +101,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "this small country is swampy along its western coast and low-lying inland"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Guinea-Bissau map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the North Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -600,7 +597,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 9 judges and organized into Civil, Criminal, and Social and Administrative Disputes Chambers); note - the Supreme Court has both appellate and constitutional jurisdiction"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {

9
africa/rw.json
View file

@ -104,9 +104,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; most of the country is intensively cultivated and rugged with the population predominantly rural"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Rwanda map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -232,7 +229,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "23 years (2019/20 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "248 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -624,7 +621,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief and deputy chief justices and 15 judges; normally organized into 3-judge panels); High Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 24 judges and organized into 5 chambers)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1104,7 +1101,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 250; international connections employ microwave radio relay to neighboring countries and satellite communications to more distant countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) in Kigali (includes telex and telefax service); international submarine fiber-optic cables on the African east coast has brought international bandwidth and lessened the&nbsp;dependency on satellites"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "13 TV stations; 35 radio stations registered, including international broadcasters, government owns most popular TV and radio stations; regional satellite-based TV services available"

7
africa/se.json
View file

@ -98,9 +98,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the smallest African country in terms of both area and population; the constitution of the Republic of Seychelles lists 155 islands: 42 granitic and 113 coralline; by far the largest island is Mahe, which is home to about 90% of the population and the site of the capital city of Victoria"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Seychelles map showing the major islands and atolls that comprise this country in the Indian Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -566,7 +563,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Seychelles Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 4 justices); Supreme Court of Seychelles (consists of the chief justice and 9 puisne judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 3 Supreme Court judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1038,7 +1035,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 248; landing points for the PEACE and the SEAS submarine cables&nbsp;providing connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Asia; direct radiotelephone communications with adjacent island countries and African coastal countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "<p>the national broadcaster, Seychelles Broadcasting Corporation (SBC), which is funded by taxpayer money, operates the only terrestrial TV station, which provides local programming and airs broadcasts from international services; a privately owned Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) channel also provides local programming multi-channel cable and satellite TV are available through 2 providers; the national broadcaster operates 1 AM and 1 FM radio station; there are 2 privately operated radio stations; transmissions of 2 international broadcasters are accessible in Victoria</p> (2019)"

7
africa/sf.json
View file

@ -114,9 +114,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "South Africa completely surrounds Lesotho and almost completely surrounds Eswatini"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>South Africa map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Indian and South Atlantic Oceans.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -634,7 +631,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Appeals (consists of the court president, deputy president, and 21 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the chief and deputy chief justices and 9 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1140,7 +1137,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 27; landing points for the WACS, ACE, SAFE, SAT-3, Equiano, SABR, SAEx1, SAEx2, IOX Cable System, METISS, EASSy, and SEACOM/ Tata TGN-Eurasia&nbsp;fiber-optic submarine cable systems connecting South Africa, East Africa, West Africa, Europe,&nbsp;Southeast Asia, Asia, South America, Indian Ocean Islands,&nbsp;and the&nbsp;US;&nbsp;satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) operates 4 TV stations, 3 are free-to-air and 1 is pay TV; e.tv, a private station, is accessible to more than half the population; multiple subscription TV services provide a mix of local and international channels; well-developed mix of public and private radio stations at the national, regional, and local levels; the SABC radio network, state-owned and controlled but nominally independent, operates 18 stations, one for each of the 11 official languages, 4 community stations, and 3 commercial stations; more than 100 community-based stations extend coverage to rural areas"

9
africa/sg.json
View file

@ -113,9 +113,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave within Senegal"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Senegal map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the North Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -235,7 +232,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "21.9 years (2019 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "315 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -655,7 +652,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of the court president and 12 judges and organized into civil and commercial, criminal, administrative, and social chambers); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionel (consists of 7 members, including the court president, vice president, and 5 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1140,7 +1137,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 221; landing points for the ACE, Atlantis-2, MainOne and SAT-3/WASC submarine cables providing connectivity from South Africa, numerous western African countries, Europe and South America;&nbsp;satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "state-run Radiodiffusion Television Senegalaise (RTS) broadcasts TV programs from five cities in Senegal; in most regions of the country, viewers can receive TV programming from at least 7 private broadcasters; a wide range of independent TV programming is available via satellite; RTS operates a national radio network and a number of regional FM stations; at least 7 community radio stations and 18 private-broadcast radio stations are available; transmissions of at least 5 international broadcasters are accessible on FM in Dakar (2019)"

7
africa/sh.json
View file

@ -93,9 +93,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "Saint Helena harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown elsewhere in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns; Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha is the highest island mountain in the South Atlantic and a prominent landmark on the sea lanes around southern Africa"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha map showing the various islands that comprise this UK territory in the South Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -436,7 +433,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Constitution Order provides for separate Island Councils for both Ascension and Tristan da Cunha"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 2 justices); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice - a nonresident - and NA judges); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -754,7 +751,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code (Saint Helena) - 290, (Ascension Island) - 247; landing point for the SaEx1 submarine cable providing connectivity to South Africa, Brazil, Virginia Beach (US) and islands in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan de Cunha; international direct dialing; satellite voice and data communications; satellite earth stations - 5 (Ascension Island - 4, Saint Helena - 1) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "Saint Helena has no local TV station; 2 local radio stations, one of which is relayed to Ascension Island; satellite TV stations rebroadcast terrestrially; Ascension Island has no local TV station but has 1 local radio station and receives relays of broadcasts from 1 radio station on Saint Helena; broadcasts from the British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) are available, as well as TV services for the US military; Tristan da Cunha has 1 local radio station and receives BFBS TV and radio broadcasts"

9
africa/sl.json
View file

@ -107,9 +107,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "rainfall along the coast can reach 495 cm (195 inches) a year, making it one of the wettest places along coastal, western Africa"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Sierra Leone map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and the North Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -229,7 +226,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.6 years (2019 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "1,120 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -629,7 +626,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Superior Court of Judicature (consists of the Supreme Court - at the apex - with the chief justice and 4 other judges, the Court of Appeal with the chief justice and 7 other judges, and the High Court of Justice with the chief justice and 9 other judges); note &ndash; the Judicature has jurisdiction in all civil, criminal, and constitutional matters"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1097,7 +1094,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 232; landing point for the ACE submarine cable linking to South Africa, over 20 western African countries and Europe; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "<p>1 government-owned TV station; 3 private TV stations; a pay-TV service began operations in late 2007; 1 government-owned national radio station; about two-dozen private radio stations primarily clustered in major cities; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available </p> (2019)"

7
africa/so.json
View file

@ -101,9 +101,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location on Horn of Africa along southern approaches to Bab el Mandeb and route through Red Sea and Suez Canal"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Somalia map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Indian Ocean and Gulf of Aden.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -591,7 +588,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the inaugural House of the People was appointed in September 2012 by clan elders; in 2016 and 2017, the Federal Parliament became bicameral with indirect elections scheduled for 10 October 2016 for the Upper House - renamed 'Senate' and 23 October to 10 November 2016 for the House of the People; while the elections were delayed, they were eventually held in most regions despite voting irregularities; on 27 December 2016, 41 Upper House senators and 242 House of the People Members of Parliament (MP) were sworn in<br><strong><br>note 2: </strong>despite the formation of political parties in 2020, the 2021 parliamentary elections maintained a primarily clan-based system of appointments; seats in the legislature were apportioned to Somali member states and not by party representation <br><br><br><br><br>"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "the provisional constitution stipulates the establishment of the Constitutional Court (consists of 5 judges, including the chief judge and deputy chief judge); note - under the terms of the 2004 Transitional National Charter, a Supreme Court based in Mogadishu and the Appeal Court were established; yet most regions have reverted to local forms of conflict resolution, either secular, traditional Somali customary law, or Islamic law"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1018,7 +1015,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 252; landing points for the G2A, DARE1, PEACE, and EASSy fiber-optic submarine cable system linking East Africa, Indian Ocean Islands, the Middle East, North Africa&nbsp;and&nbsp;Europe (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "2 private TV stations rebroadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN; Somaliland has 1 government-operated TV station and Puntland has 1 private TV station; the transitional government operates Radio Mogadishu; 1 SW and roughly 10 private FM radio stations broadcast in Mogadishu; several radio stations operate in central and southern regions; Somaliland has 1 government-operated radio station; Puntland has roughly a half-dozen private radio stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2019)"

9
africa/su.json
View file

@ -111,9 +111,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the Nile is Sudan's primary water source; its major tributaries, the White Nile and the Blue Nile, meet at Khartoum to form the River Nile which flows northward through Egypt to the Mediterranean Sea"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Sudan showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Red Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -631,7 +628,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "National Supreme Court (consists of 70 judges organized into panels of 3 judges and includes 4 circuits that operate outside the capital); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 justices including the court president); note - the Constitutional Court resides outside the national judiciary and has not been appointed since the signature of the 2019 Constitutional Declaration"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -649,7 +646,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Charge D&rsquo;Affaires Ismat Kamil GABBANI (since 14 January 2022)"
"text": "Ambassador Mohamed Abdalla Idris MOHAMED (since 16 September 2022)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"
@ -1107,7 +1104,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 249; landing points for the EASSy, FALCON&nbsp;and SAS-1,-2, fiber-optic submarine cable systems linking Africa, the Middle East, Indian Ocean Islands and Asia; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "Following the establishment of Sudan&rsquo;s civilian-led transitional government in August 2019, government-owned broadcasters became increasingly independent from government and military control. Following the October 2021 military takeover, additional restrictions were imposed on these government-owned broadcasters, which now practice a heightened degree of self-censorship but still operate more independently than in the pre-2019 environment. (2022)"

9
africa/to.json
View file

@ -101,9 +101,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Togo map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Bight of Benin.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -225,7 +222,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "25 years (2017 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-29"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "396 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -641,7 +638,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (organized into criminal and administrative chambers, each with a chamber president and advisors); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, including the court president)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1126,7 +1123,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 228; landing point for the WACS submarine cable, linking countries along the west coast of Africa with each other and with Portugal; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Symphonie (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "1&nbsp;state-owned TV station with multiple transmission sites; five private TV stations broadcast locally; cable TV service is available; state-owned radio network with two stations (in Lome and Kara); several dozen private radio stations and a few community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters available (2019)"

9
africa/tp.json
View file

@ -93,9 +93,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the second-smallest African country (after the Seychelles); the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are mountainous"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Sao Tome and Principe map showing the islands that make up this country in the Gulf of Guinea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -215,7 +212,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.4 years (2008/09 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-29"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "130 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -607,7 +604,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal Justica (consists of 5 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 5 judges, 3 of whom are from the Supreme Court)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1073,7 +1070,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 239; landing points for the Ultramar GE and ACE submarine cables&nbsp;from South Africa&nbsp;to over 20&nbsp;West African countries and Europe; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "1 government-owned TV station; 1 government-owned radio station; 3 independent local radio stations authorized in 2005 with 2 operating at the end of 2006; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available"

9
africa/ts.json
View file

@ -104,9 +104,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location in central Mediterranean; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Tunisia map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Mediterranean Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -582,14 +579,14 @@
"text": "<strong>note</strong>: on 25 July 2021, President SAIED suspended indefinitely the Assembly, and on 30 March 2022 he dissolved the Assembly<br>unicameral Assembly of the Representatives of the People or Majlis Nuwwab ash-Sha'b (Assemblee des representants du peuple) (217 seats; 199 members directly elected in Tunisian multi-seat constituencies and 18 members in multi-seat constituencies living abroad by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "initial election held on 6 October 2019 (next to be held in December 2022)"
"text": "initial election held on 6 October 2019 (next to be held on 17 December 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - Ennahda 19.6%, Heart of Tunisia 14.6%, Free Destourian Party 6.6%, Democratic Current 6.4%, Dignity Coalition 5.9%, People's Movement 4.5%, TahyaTounes 4.1%, other 35.4%, independent 2.9%; seats by party -&nbsp; Ennahda 52, Heart of Tunisia 38, Free Destourian Party 17, Democratic Current 22, Dignity Coalition 21, People's Movement 16, Long Live Tunisia 14, other 25, independent 12; composition (as of October 2021) - men 160, women 57, percent of women 26.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Cassation (consists of the first president, chamber presidents, and magistrates and organized into 27 civil and 11 criminal chambers)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1078,7 +1075,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 216; landing points for the SEA-ME-WE-4, Didon, HANNIBAL System and Trapani-Kelibia&nbsp;submarine cable systems that provides links to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Southeast Asia; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant in Medarabtel; 2 international gateway digital switches (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "2 state-owned TV stations; 10 private TV stations broadcast locally; satellite TV service is available; state-owned radio network with 2 stations; several dozen private radio stations and community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters available (2019)"

9
africa/tz.json
View file

@ -113,9 +113,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "Kilimanjaro is the highest point in Africa and one of only three mountain ranges on the continent that has glaciers (the others are Mount Kenya [in Kenya] and the Ruwenzori Mountains [on the Uganda-Democratic Republic of the Congo border]); Tanzania is bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) in the southwest"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Tanzania map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Indian Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -242,7 +239,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.8 years (2015/16 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "524 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -663,7 +660,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Appeal of the United Republic of Tanzania (consists of the chief justice and 14 justices); High Court of the United Republic for Mainland Tanzania (consists of the principal judge and 30 judges organized into commercial, land, and labor courts); High Court of Zanzibar (consists of the chief justice and 10 justices)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1145,7 +1142,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 255; landing points for the EASSy, SEACOM/Tata TGN-Eurasia, and SEAS&nbsp;fiber-optic submarine cable system linking East Africa with the Middle East; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Atlantic Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "according to statistics from the Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority (TCRA), Tanzania had 45 television stations as of 2020; 13 of those stations provided national content services (commercially broadcasting free-to-air television); there are 196 radio stations, most operating at the district level, but also including 5 independent nationally broadcasting stations and 1 state-owned national radio station; international broadcasting is available through satellite television which is becoming increasingly widespread; there are 3 major satellite TV providers (2020)"

9
africa/ug.json
View file

@ -101,9 +101,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; fertile, well-watered country with many lakes and rivers; Lake Victoria, the world's largest tropical lake and the second largest fresh water lake, is shared among three countries: Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Uganda map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and Lake Victoria.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -224,7 +221,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.4 years (2016 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "375 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -640,7 +637,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Uganda (consists of the chief justice and at least 6 justices)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1140,7 +1137,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 256; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; analog and digital links to Kenya and Tanzania"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "public broadcaster, Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (UBC), operates radio and TV networks; 31 Free-To-Air (FTA) TV stations, 2 digital terrestrial TV stations, 3 cable TV stations, and 5 digital satellite TV stations; 258 operational FM stations"

16
africa/uv.json
View file

@ -99,9 +99,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked savanna cut by the three principal rivers of the Black, Red, and White Voltas"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Burkina Faso map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -127,7 +124,7 @@
"text": "Muslim 63.2%, Roman Catholic 24.6%, Protestant 6.9%, traditional/animist 4.2%, none 0.7%, unspecified 0.4% (2017-18 est.)"
},
"Demographic profile": {
"text": "<p>Burkina Faso has a young age structure – the result of declining mortality combined with steady high fertility – and continues to experience rapid population growth, which is putting increasing pressure on the country’s limited arable land. More than 65% of the population is under the age of 25, and the population is growing at 3% annually. Mortality rates, especially those of infants and children, have decreased because of improved health care, hygiene, and sanitation, but women continue to have an average of almost 6 children. Even if fertility were substantially reduced, today’s large cohort entering their reproductive years would sustain high population growth for the foreseeable future. Only about a third of the population is literate and unemployment is widespread, dampening the economic prospects of Burkina Faso’s large working-age population.</p> <p>Migration has traditionally been a way of life for Burkinabe, with seasonal migration being replaced by stints of up to two years abroad. Cote d’Ivoire remains the top destination, although it has experienced periods of internal conflict. Under French colonization, Burkina Faso became a main labor source for agricultural and factory work in Cote d’Ivoire. Burkinabe also migrated to Ghana, Mali, and Senegal for work between the world wars. Burkina Faso attracts migrants from Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Mali, who often share common ethnic backgrounds with the Burkinabe. Despite its food shortages and high poverty rate, Burkina Faso has become a destination for refugees in recent years and hosts about 33,500 Malians as of May 2017.</p> (2018)"
"text": "<p>Burkina Faso has a young age structure – the result of declining mortality combined with steady high fertility – and continues to experience rapid population growth, which is putting increasing pressure on the country’s limited arable land. More than 65% of the population is under the age of 25, and the population is growing at 3% annually. Mortality rates, especially those of infants and children, have decreased because of improved health care, hygiene, and sanitation, but women continue to have an average of almost 6 children. Even if fertility were substantially reduced, today’s large cohort entering their reproductive years would sustain high population growth for the foreseeable future. Only about a third of the population is literate and unemployment is widespread, dampening the economic prospects of Burkina Faso’s large working-age population.</p> <p>Migration has traditionally been a way of life for Burkinabe, with seasonal migration being replaced by stints of up to two years abroad. Cote d’Ivoire remains the top destination, although it has experienced periods of internal conflict. Under French colonization, Burkina Faso became a main labor source for agricultural and factory work in Cote d’Ivoire. Burkinabe also migrated to Ghana, Mali, and Senegal for work between the world wars. Burkina Faso attracts migrants from Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Mali, who often share common ethnic backgrounds with the Burkinabe. Despite its food shortages and high poverty rate, Burkina Faso has become a destination for refugees in recent years and hosts about 26,000 Malian refugees as of July 2022.</p> (2018)"
},
"Age structure": {
"0-14 years": {
@ -222,7 +219,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.4 years (2010 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-29"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "320 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -637,7 +634,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (consists of NA judges); Council of State (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel (consists of the council president and 9 members)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1240,20 +1237,21 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 12,000 personnel (7,000 Army; 500 Air Force; 4,500 National Gendarmerie) (2022)"
"text": "approximately 12,000 personnel (7,000 Army; 500 Air Force; 4,500 National Gendarmerie) (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong>  in 2022, Burkina Faso announced a special recruitment for 3,000 additional soldiers to assist with its fight against terrorist groups operating in the country"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FABF has a mix of foreign-supplied weapons; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of mostly donated second-hand equipment from a variety of countries (2022)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women may serve in supporting roles (2022)"
"text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women may serve in supporting roles (2022)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "650 (plus about 180 police) Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Burkina Faso is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G4 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), Mauritania, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; as of 2020, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "including the most recent in October 2022, the military has conducted eight coups since 1960; as of 2022, the military was also actively engaged in combat operations with terrorist groups linked to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), particularly in the northern and eastern regions; in the north, Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), a coalition of al-Qa'ida linked militant groups, has exploited ethnic tensions and perceptions of state neglect, as well as grievances over corruption, patronage politics, social stratification, and land disputes; in 2022, JNIM conducted attacks in 10 of the country's 13 provinces; most of the attacks were assessed to be by the Macina Liberation Front (FLM) of the JNIM coalition; the ISIS-Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) terrorist group operated in the eastern part of the country (2022)"
"text": "including the most recent in October 2022, the military has conducted eight coups since 1960; as of 2022, the military was also actively engaged in combat operations with terrorist groups linked to al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), particularly in the northern and eastern regions; in the north, Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), a coalition of al-Qa'ida linked militant groups, has exploited ethnic tensions and perceptions of state neglect, as well as grievances over corruption, patronage politics, social stratification, and land disputes; in 2022, JNIM conducted attacks in 10 of the country's 13 provinces; most of the attacks were assessed to be by the Macina Liberation Front (FLM) of the JNIM coalition; the ISIS-Greater Sahara (ISIS-GS) terrorist group operated in the eastern part of the country; in 2022, an estimated 40% of the country was not under government control&nbsp; (2022)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

9
africa/wa.json
View file

@ -110,9 +110,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the Namib Desert, after which the country is named, is considered to be the oldest desert in the world; Namibia is the first country in the world to incorporate the protection of the environment into its constitution; some 14% of the land is protected, including virtually the entire Namib Desert coastal strip; Namib-Naukluft National Park (49,768 sq km), is the largest game park in Africa and one of the largest in the world"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Namibia map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries and the South Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -234,7 +231,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "21.6 years (2013 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "195 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -630,7 +627,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and at least 3 judges in quorum sessions)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1127,7 +1124,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 264;&nbsp;landing points for the ACE and WACS&nbsp;fiber-optic submarine cable linking southern and western African countries to Europe; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "1 private and 1 state-run TV station; satellite and cable TV service available; state-run radio service broadcasts in multiple languages; about a dozen private radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters available"

7
africa/wz.json
View file

@ -93,9 +93,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Eswatini map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -599,7 +596,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and at least 4 justices) and the High Court (consists of the chief justice - ex officio - and 4 justices); note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction in all constitutional matters"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1070,7 +1067,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Eswatini (or eSwatini) was one of the last countries in the world to open up its telecom market to competition; until 2011 the state-owned Eswatini Posts and Telecommunications also acted as the industry regulator and had a stake in the country&rsquo;s sole mobile network, in an uneasy partnership with MTN Eswatini; a new independent regulatory authority was established in late 2013 and has since embarked on significant changes to the sector;&nbsp; Eswatini Telecom was provided with a unified license in early 2016, while MTN Eswatini secured spectrum in the 1800MHz band to provide LTE services; Eswatini Mobile has launched GSM, 3G and LTE services, supported by a network sharing agreement with MTN Eswatini; mobile market subscriptions have been affected by the common use among subscribers when they use SIM cards from different networks in order to access cheaper on-net calls; subscriber growth has slowed in recent years, but was expected to have reached 8% in 2021, as people adapted to the changing needs for connectivity caused by the pandemic; the internet sector has been open to competition with a small number of licensed ISPs; DSL services were introduced in 2008, development of the sector has been hampered by the limited fixed-line infrastructure and by a lack of competition in the access and backbone networks; Eswatini is landlocked and so depends on neighboring countries for international bandwidth; this has meant that access pricing is relatively high, and market subscriptions remains relatively low; prices have fallen recently in line with greater bandwidth availability resulting from several new submarine cable systems which have reached the region in recent years; in addition, Paratus in September 2020 completed a terrestrial cable linking Mozambique with Eswatini and South Africa. (2022)"
"text": "Eswatini was one of the last countries in the world to open up its telecom market to competition; until 2011 the state-owned Eswatini Posts and Telecommunications also acted as the industry regulator and had a stake in the country&rsquo;s sole mobile network; a new independent regulatory authority was established in late 2013 and has since embarked on significant changes to the sector; mobile market subscriptions have been affected by the common use among subscribers when they use SIM cards from different networks in order to access cheaper on-net calls; subscriber growth has slowed in recent years, but was expected to have reached 8% in 2021, as people adapted to the changing needs for connectivity caused by the pandemic; the internet sector has been open to competition with a small number of licensed ISPs; DSL services were introduced in 2008, development of the sector has been hampered by the limited fixed-line infrastructure and by a lack of competition in the access and backbone networks; Eswatini is landlocked and so depends on neighboring countries for international bandwidth; this has meant that access pricing is relatively high, and market subscriptions remains relatively low; prices have fallen recently in line with greater bandwidth availability resulting from several new submarine cable systems which have reached the region in recent years; in September 2020 a terrestrial cable linked Mozambique with Eswatini and South Africa (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "Eswatini has 2 mobile-cellular providers; communication infrastructure has a geographic coverage of about 90% and a rising subscriber base; fixed-line stands at nearly 4 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 94 telephones per 100 persons; telephone system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines and low-capacity, microwave radio relay (2019)"

9
africa/za.json
View file

@ -107,9 +107,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zimbabwe; Lake Kariba on the Zambia-Zimbabwe border forms the world's largest reservoir by volume (180 cu km; 43 cu mi)"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Zambia map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -231,7 +228,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.2 years (2018 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 20-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "213 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -634,7 +631,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, deputy chief justice, and at least 11 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 11 judges); note - the Constitutional Court began operation in June 2016"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1133,7 +1130,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 260; multiple providers operate overland fiber optic routes via Zimbabwe/South Africa, Botswana/Namibia and Tanzania provide access to the major undersea cables"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "<p>according to the Independent Broadcast Authority, there are 137 radio stations and 47 television stations in Zambia; out of the 137 radio stations, 133 are private (categorized as either commercial or community radio stations), while 4 are public-owned; state-owned Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) operates 2 television channels and 3 radio stations; ZNBC owns 75% shares in GoTV, 40% in MultiChoice, and 40% in TopStar Communications Company, all of which operate in-country</p> (2019)"

9
africa/zi.json
View file

@ -102,9 +102,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zambia; in full flood (February-April) the massive Victoria Falls on the river forms the world's largest curtain of falling water; Lake Kariba on the Zambia-Zimbabwe border forms the world's largest reservoir by volume (180 cu km; 43 cu mi)"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Zimbabwe map showing major population centers as well as parts of surrounding countries.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -225,7 +222,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "20.3 years (2015 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "458 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -640,7 +637,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 4 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the chief and deputy chief justices and 9 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1121,7 +1118,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 263; fiber-optic connections to neighboring states provide access to international networks via undersea cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; 5 international digital gateway exchanges"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "government owns all local radio and TV stations; foreign shortwave broadcasts and satellite TV are available to those who can afford antennas and receivers; in rural areas, access to TV broadcasts is extremely limited; analog TV only, no digital service (2017)"

3
antarctica/ay.json
View file

@ -66,9 +66,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the coldest, windiest, highest (on average), and driest continent; during summer, more solar radiation reaches the surface at the South Pole than is received at the Equator in an equivalent period <br><br>mostly uninhabitable, 99% of the land area is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, the largest single mass of ice on earth covering an area of 14 million sq km (5.4 million sq mi) and containing 26.5 million cu km (6.4 million cu mi) of ice (this is almost 62% of all of the world's fresh water); if all this ice were converted to liquid water, one estimate is that it would be sufficient to raise the height of the world's oceans by 58 m (190 ft)"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Map of Antarctica showing the continent and its major regions (Lands) surrounded by the Southern Ocean. Also shown are two of the US research stations, McMurdo and Amundsen-Scott, not shown is Palmer Station located on the Antarctic Peninsula. </p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {

3
antarctica/bv.json
View file

@ -83,9 +83,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "almost entirely covered by glacial ice (93%); declared a nature reserve by Norway; the distance from Bouvet Island to Norway is 12,776 km, which is almost one-third the circumference of the earth"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Bouvet Island map showing the island – a territory of Norway – situated in the South Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {

3
antarctica/fs.json
View file

@ -60,9 +60,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<p>islands' component is widely scattered across remote locations in the southern Indian Ocean</p><p><strong>Bassas da India (Iles Eparses):</strong> atoll is a circular reef atop a long-extinct, submerged volcano; </p><p><strong>Europa Island and Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses):</strong> wildlife sanctuary for seabirds and sea turtles; </p><p><strong>Glorioso Island (Iles Eparses):</strong> islands and rocks are surrounded by an extensive reef system; </p><p><strong>Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses):</strong> climatologically important location for forecasting cyclones in the western Indian Ocean; wildlife sanctuary (seabirds, tortoises)</p>"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>French Southern and Antarctic Lands map showing the many scattered Indian Ocean islands that make up French territory in the South Pacific Ocean. The French Antarctic claim is not shown.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {

3
antarctica/hm.json
View file

@ -74,9 +74,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "Mawson Peak on Heard Island is the highest Australian mountain (at 2,745 meters, it is taller than Mt. Kosciuszko in Australia proper), and one of only two active volcanoes located in Australian territory, the other being McDonald Island; in 1992, McDonald Island broke its dormancy and began erupting; it has erupted several times since, most recently in 2005"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Heard Island and McDonald Islands map shows the position of this Australian territory in the Indian Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {

5
australia-oceania/aq.json
View file

@ -90,9 +90,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Map of American Samoa showing the islands that together comprise this US territory and its relative location in the South Pacific Ocean; an inset provides detail of the major island of Tutuila with the capital Pago Pago.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -450,7 +447,7 @@
"note": "<strong id=\"tinymce\" class=\"mce-content-body \" style=\"font-size: 18px;\" contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"false\" data-id=\"field_notes\">note:</strong> American Samoa elects 1 member by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term as a delegate to the US House of Representatives; the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote; election of delegate last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held in November 2022); Amata Coleman RADEWAGEN elected delegate; Amata Coleman RADEWAGEN (Republican Party) 83.5%, Oreta CHRICHTON (Democratic Party) 14.4%, Meleagi SUITONU-CHAPMAN (Democratic Party) 2.1%"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "High Court of American Samoa (consists of the chief justice, associate chief justice, and 6 Samoan associate judges and organized into trial, family, drug, and appellate divisions); note - American Samoa has no US federal courts"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {

15
australia-oceania/as.json
View file

@ -119,9 +119,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; the largest country in Oceania, the largest country entirely in the Southern Hemisphere, and the largest country without land borders<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Great Dividing Range that runs along eastern Australia is that continent’s longest mountain range and the third-longest land-based range in the world; the term \"Great Dividing Range\" refers to the fact that the mountains form a watershed crest from which all of the rivers of eastern Australia flow – east, west, north, and south<br><br><strong>note 3:</strong> Australia is the only continent without glaciers; it is the driest inhabited continent on earth, making it particularly vulnerable to the challenges of climate change; the invigorating sea breeze known as the \"Fremantle Doctor\" affects the city of Perth on the west coast and is one of the most consistent winds in the world; Australia is home to 10% of the world's biodiversity, and a great number of its flora and fauna exist nowhere else in the world"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Australia map showing the major cities of the continent as well parts of surrounding seas.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -617,7 +614,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "High Court of Australia (consists of 7 justices, including the chief justice); note - each of the 6 states, 2 territories, and Norfolk Island has a Supreme Court; the High Court is the final appellate court beyond the state and territory supreme courts"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1105,7 +1102,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "the Australian telecom market since 2020 has been impacted by the pandemic, which forced many people to school and work from home and thus adopt fixed-line broadband services; internet traffic, both fixed and mobile, increased substantially as a result; in the fixed sector, there is an ongoing migration from copper-based platforms to fiber; NBN Co increased the number of premises migrated from hybrid fiber/copper infrastructure to FttP; by the end of 2023 NBN Co is expected to deliver a 1Gb/s service across 75% of its fixed-line network; the extension of fixed wireless access will mean that up to 120,000 premises currently dependent on satellite broadband will be able to access 5G-based fixed services; the fixed-line market has been falling steadily over the past five years; in the Australian fixed broadband market, there is a dynamic shift among customers to fiber networks; this infrastructure is being built out by NBN Co (also known as nbn), the company responsible for deploying the national broadband network, which is based on a multi-technology mix including VDSL, fibre, HFC, fixed wireless, and satellite; the DSL sector is steadily shrinking as customers are migrated to the NBN, while subscribers on HFC infrastructure will continue to be provided by existing cable within the NBN&rsquo;s multi-technology mix, with a steady migration to full fiber connectivity; the mobile market is dominated by the three MNOs Telstra, Optus, and TPG Telecom; these offer LTE services on a wholesale basis, thus encouraging growth in the LTE sector, while also deploying services based on 5G; Optus and (since mid-2022) Telstra provide 5G access to their MVNOs. (2022)"
"text": "the Australian telecom market since 2020 has been impacted by the pandemic, which forced many people to school and work from home and thus adopt fixed-line broadband services; internet traffic, both fixed and mobile, increased substantially as a result; in the fixed sector, there is an ongoing migration from copper-based platforms to fiber; the extension of fixed wireless access will mean that up to 120,000 premises currently dependent on satellite broadband will be able to access 5G-based fixed services; the fixed-line market has been falling steadily over the past five years; in the Australian fixed broadband market, there is a dynamic shift among customers to fiber networks; the DSL sector is steadily shrinking while subscribers on HFC infrastructure will continue to be provided by existing cable, with a steady migration to full fiber connectivity (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "roughly 24 per 100 fixed-line and 108 per 100 mobile-cellular; more subscribers to mobile services than there are people; 90% of all mobile device sales are now smartphones, growth in mobile traffic brisk (2020)"
@ -1258,8 +1255,11 @@
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>the Army includes a Special Operations Command, while the Navy includes a Naval Aviation Force"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2022": {
"text": "2% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
"text": "2.1% of GDP (2021 est.)"
"text": "2.1% of GDP (2021)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
"text": "2.1% of GDP (2020)"
@ -1269,9 +1269,6 @@
},
"Military Expenditures 2018": {
"text": "1.9% of GDP (2018) (approximately $29.8 billion)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2017": {
"text": "2% of GDP (2017) (approximately $29.7 billion)"
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {

3
australia-oceania/at.json
View file

@ -79,9 +79,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983; Cartier Island Marine Reserve established in 2000"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Ashmore and Cartier Islands map showing the islands and reefs that make up this Australian territory in the Indian Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {

11
australia-oceania/bp.json
View file

@ -96,9 +96,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location on sea routes between the South Pacific Ocean, the Solomon Sea, and the Coral Sea; Rennell Island, the southernmost in the Solomon Islands chain, is one of the world&rsquo;s largest raised coral atolls; the island&rsquo;s Lake Tegano, formerly a lagoon on the atoll, is the largest lake in the insular Pacific (15,500 hectares)"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "Solomon Islands map showing the major islands of this archipelagic country in the South Pacific Ocean."
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -215,7 +212,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "22.6 years (2015 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-29"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "104 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -568,7 +565,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and ex officio members including the High Court chief justice and its puisne judges); High Court (consists of the chief justice and puisne judges, as prescribed by the National Parliament)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -587,7 +584,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Janice Mose KEMAKEZA"
"text": "Ambassador Jane Mugafalu Kabui WAETARA (since 16 September 2022)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "685 Third Avenue, 11th Floor, Suite 1102, New York, NY 10017"
@ -1036,7 +1033,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 677; landing points for the CSCS and ICNS2 submarine cables providing connectivity from Solomon Islands, to PNG, Vanuatu and Australia; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation (SIBC) does not broadcast television; multi-channel pay-TV is available; SIBC operates 2 national radio stations and 2 provincial stations; there are 2 local commercial radio stations; Radio Australia is available via satellite feed (since 2009) (2019)"

5
australia-oceania/ck.json
View file

@ -84,9 +84,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<strong>note 1: </strong>there are 27 coral islands in the group; apart from North Keeling Island, which lies 30 km north of the main group, the islands form a horseshoe-shaped atoll surrounding a lagoon; North Keeling Island was declared a national park in 1995 and is administered by Parks Australia; the population on the two inhabited islands generally is split between the ethnic Europeans on West Island and the ethnic Malays on Home Island; the islands are thickly covered with coconut palms and other vegetation<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> site of a World War I naval battle in November 1914 between the Australian light cruiser HMAS Sydney and the German raider SMS Emden; after being heavily damaged in the engagement, the Emden was beached by her captain on North Keeling Island"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Cocos (Keeling) Island map showing the Australian territory in the Indian Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -328,7 +325,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "under the terms of the Territorial Law Reform Act 1992, Western Australia provides court services as needed for the island including the Supreme Court and subordinate courts (District Court, Magistrate Court, Family Court, Children's Court, and Coroners' Court)"
}
},

7
australia-oceania/cq.json
View file

@ -93,9 +93,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Northern Mariana Islands map showing the major islands of this archipelago in the North Pacific Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -457,7 +454,7 @@
"note": "<strong id=\"tinymce\" class=\"mce-content-body \" style=\"font-size: 18px;\" contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"false\" data-id=\"field_notes\">note:</strong> the Northern Mariana Islands delegate to the US House of Representatives can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the \"Committee of the Whole House\" but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) (consists of the chief justice and 2 associate justices); US Federal District Court (consists of 1 judge); note - US Federal District Court jurisdiction limited to US federal laws; appeals beyond the CNMI Supreme Court are referred to the US Supreme Court"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -772,7 +769,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 1-670; landing points for the Atisa and Mariana-Guam submarine cables linking Mariana islands to Guam; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "1 TV broadcast station on Saipan; multi-channel cable TV services are available on Saipan; 9 licensed radio broadcast stations (2009)"

3
australia-oceania/cr.json
View file

@ -75,9 +75,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "important nesting area for birds and turtles"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Coral Sea Islands map showing the Australian territory in the Coral Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {

5
australia-oceania/cw.json
View file

@ -95,9 +95,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the northern Cook Islands are seven low-lying, sparsely populated, coral atolls; the southern Cook Islands, where most of the population lives, consist of eight elevated, fertile, volcanic isles, including the largest, Rarotonga, at 67 sq km"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Cook Islands map showing the islands positioned in the South Pacific Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -515,7 +512,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and 3 judges of the High Court); High Court (consists of the chief justice and at least 4 judges and organized into civil, criminal, and land divisions); note - appeals beyond the Cook Islands Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {

7
australia-oceania/fj.json
View file

@ -99,9 +99,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "consists of 332 islands, approximately 110 of which are inhabited, and more than 500 islets"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Fiji map showing the many islands that make up the country in the South Pacific Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -582,7 +579,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, all justices of the Court of Appeal, and judges appointed specifically as Supreme Court judges); Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, all puisne judges of the High Court, and judges specifically appointed to the Court of Appeal); High Court (chaired by the chief justice and includes a minimum of 10 puisne judges; High Court organized into civil, criminal, family, employment, and tax divisions)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1064,7 +1061,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Fiji is the leading market to watch in terms of both LTE and 5G development in the region; the market boasts relatively sophisticated, advanced digital infrastructure, with telcos&rsquo; heavy investment resulting in the country having the highest mobile and internet subscriptions in the Pacific Islands region; LTE, LTE-A, and fiber technologies have received the most investment by the Fijian mobile operators, which include Digicel Fiji, Vodafone Fiji, and Telecom Fiji. Notably, LTE now accounts for the largest share of connections in the mobile segment; concentrating on the more highly populated areas, the operators are preparing for the next growth area of high-speed data; they also have 5G in mind, and are preparing their networks to be 5G-ready, anticipating an easier migration to the technology based on the relatively high LTE subscription rate; the sale of Digicel to Telstra also passed a major hurdle when the Fijian Competition and Consumer Commission approved the transaction in March 2022; Fiji presents a challenging geographic environment for infrastructure development due to its population being spread across more than 100 islands; the majority of Fijians live on the two main islands of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu; in July 2018, the two islands were linked by the Savusavu submarine cable system, which provides a more secure link in times of emergency weather events such as the regular tropical cyclones that often cause massive destruction to the area, including destroying essential infrastructure such as electricity and telecommunications equipment; notably, the December 2021 eruption of the Hunga Tonga&ndash;Hunga Ha'apai submarine volcano in Tonga damaged the Tonga Cable which connects Fiji, and Tonga blocking the latter off from internet services; cable theft and damage of critical communications infrastructure has also become a concern in Fiji, prompting authorities to establish a joint task force to tackle the issue. (2022)"
"text": "Fiji is the leading market to watch in terms of both LTE and 5G development in the region; the market boasts relatively sophisticated, advanced digital infrastructure, with telcos&rsquo; heavy investment resulting in the country having the highest mobile and internet subscriptions in the Pacific Islands region; LTE, LTE-A, and fiber technologies have received the most investment by the Fijian mobile operators, LTE now accounts for the largest share of connections in the mobile segment; concentrating on the more highly populated areas, the operators are preparing for the next growth area of high-speed data; they also have 5G in mind, and are preparing their networks to be 5G-ready, anticipating an easier migration to the technology based on the relatively high LTE subscription rate; the sale of Digicel to Telstra also passed a major hurdle when the Fijian Competition and Consumer Commission approved the transaction in March 2022; Fiji presents a challenging geographic environment for infrastructure development due to its population being spread across more than 100 islands; the majority of Fijians live on the two main islands of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu; in July 2018, the two islands were linked by the Savusavu submarine cable system, which provides a more secure link in times of emergency weather events such as the regular tropical cyclones that often cause massive destruction to the area, including destroying essential infrastructure such as electricity and telecommunications equipment; notably, the December 2021 eruption of the Hunga Tonga&ndash;Hunga Ha'apai submarine volcano in Tonga damaged the Tonga Cable which connects Fiji, and Tonga blocking the latter off from internet services; cable theft and damage of critical communications infrastructure has also become a concern in Fiji, prompting authorities to establish a joint task force to tackle the issue (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line nearly 9 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 118 per 100 persons (2019)"

7
australia-oceania/fm.json
View file

@ -93,9 +93,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "composed of four major island groups totaling 607 islands"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Federated States of Micronesia map showing the major islands of this archipelagic country in the North Pacific Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -534,7 +531,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and not more than 5 associate justices and organized into appellate and criminal divisions)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -929,7 +926,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 691; landing points for the Chuukk-Pohnpei Cable and HANTRU-1 submarine cable system linking the Federated States of Micronesia and the US;&nbsp;satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "no TV broadcast stations; each state has a multi-channel cable service with TV transmissions carrying roughly 95% imported programming and 5% local programming; about a half-dozen radio stations (2009)"

7
australia-oceania/fp.json
View file

@ -92,9 +92,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "includes five archipelagoes: four volcanic (Iles Gambier, Iles Marquises, Iles Tubuai, Society Islands) and one coral (Archipel des Tuamotu); the Tuamotu Archipelago forms the largest group of atolls in the world - 78 in total, 48 inhabited; Makatea in the Tuamotu Archipelago is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Nauru"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>French Polynesia map showing the many islands that make up the overseas French land in the South Pacific Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -493,7 +490,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel (composition NA); note - appeals beyond the French Polynesia Court of Appeal are heard by the Court of Cassation (in Paris)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -902,7 +899,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "French Polynesia has one of the most advanced telecoms infrastructures in the Pacific Islands region; the remoteness of the country with its scattering of 130 islands and atolls has made connectivity vital for its inhabitants; Office des Postes et T&eacute;l&eacute;communications is the primary provider of domestic telecom services, mobile telephony, and internet services, while its subsidiary, Tahiti Nui Telecommunications, provides international voice services and manages the submarine cable infrastructure; the first submarine cable was deployed in 2010 and since then additional cables have been connected to the islands, vastly improving French Polynesia&rsquo;s international connectivity; an additional domestic submarine cable, the Natitua Sud, will connect more remote islands by the end of 2022; French Polynesia is also a hub for satellite communications in the region; it hosts one of the up link systems of the Galileo satellite network, the Kacific-1 satellite and the Intelsat satellite network, for example; with improved international connectivity, fixed broadband subscriptions have become the highest in the region; a considerable number of consumers access FttP-based services; with the first data center in French Polynesia on the cards, the quality and price of broadband services is expected to improve as content will be able to be cached locally, reducing costs for consumers; for 2022, fixed broadband subscriptions reached an estimated 22%; about 43% of the country&rsquo;s mobile connections are on 3G networks, while LTE accounts for 12%; by 2025, LTE is expected to account for more than half of all connections; it is also estimated that 77% of mobile subscribers will have smart phones by 2025. (2022)"
"text": "French Polynesia has one of the most advanced telecoms infrastructures in the Pacific Islands region; the remoteness of the country with its scattering of 130 islands and atolls has made connectivity vital for its inhabitants; the first submarine cable was deployed in 2010 and since then additional cables have been connected to the islands, vastly improving French Polynesia&rsquo;s international connectivity; an additional domestic submarine cable, the Natitua Sud, will connect more remote islands by the end of 2022; French Polynesia is also a hub for satellite communications in the region; a considerable number of consumers access FttP-based services; with the first data center in French Polynesia on the cards, the quality and price of broadband services is expected to improve as content will be able to be cached locally, reducing costs for consumers; for 2022, fixed broadband subscriptions reached an estimated 22%; about 43% of the country&rsquo;s mobile connections are on 3G networks, while LTE accounts for 12%; by 2025, LTE is expected to account for more than half of all connections; it is also estimated that 77% of mobile subscribers will have smart phones by 2025 (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line subscriptions nearly 22 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular density is roughly 104 per 100 persons (2019)"

7
australia-oceania/gq.json
View file

@ -92,9 +92,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "largest and southernmost island in the Mariana Islands archipelago and the largest island in Micronesia; strategic location in western North Pacific Ocean"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Guam map showing the island and its major population centers in the North Pacific Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -471,7 +468,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Guam (consists of 3 justices); note - appeals beyond the Supreme Court of Guam are referred to the US Supreme Court"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -853,7 +850,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Guam&rsquo;s telecommunications companies provide important services that allow other businesses on island to operate; Guam plays a larger, and growing role, in global telecommunications infrastructure, the submarine fiber optic cables that land on Guam benefit island residents and the local economy; in the Asia-Pacific region the demand for 4G, 5G, and broadband access is rapidly increasing; Echo and Bifrost will support further growth for hundreds of millions of people and millions of businesses; the 11 submarine cables that currently land on Guam, connecting the U.S. to the Asia-Pacific region, are some of the more than 400 cables that are the backbone of global telecommunications, providing nearly all of the world&rsquo;s internet and phone service. (2021)"
"text": "Guam&rsquo;s telecommunications companies provide important services that allow other businesses on island to operate; Guam plays a larger, and growing role, in global telecommunications infrastructure, the submarine fiber optic cables that land on Guam benefit island residents and the local economy; in the Asia-Pacific region the demand for 4G, 5G, and broadband access is rapidly increasing; the 11 submarine cables that currently land on Guam, connecting the U.S. to the Asia-Pacific region, are some of the more than 400 cables that are the backbone of global telecommunications, providing nearly all of the world&rsquo;s internet and phone service (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "three major companies provide both fixed-line and mobile services, as well as access to the Internet; fixed-line subscriptions in 2018 were 42 per 100 and 62 per 100 mobile-cellular subscriptions in 2004 (2019)"

9
australia-oceania/kr.json
View file

@ -96,9 +96,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "21 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia, and Nauru; Kiribati is the only country in the world to fall into all four hemispheres (northern, southern, eastern, and western)"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Kiribati map showing the extent of the three island groups that comprise Kiribati and that straddle both sides of the Equator.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -215,7 +212,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "23.1 years (2009 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-29"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "92 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -583,7 +580,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "High Court (consists of a chief justice and other judges as prescribed by the president); note - the High Court has jurisdiction on constitutional issues"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1016,7 +1013,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 686; landing point for the Southern Cross NEXT submarine cable system from Australia, 7 Pacific Ocean island countries to the US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "multi-channel TV packages provide access to Australian and US stations; 1 government-operated radio station broadcasts on AM, FM, and shortwave (2017)"

5
australia-oceania/kt.json
View file

@ -83,9 +83,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "located along major sea lanes of the Indian Ocean"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Christmas Island map showing the Australian territory in the Indian Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -324,7 +321,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "under the terms of the Territorial Law Reform Act 1992, Western Australia provides court services as needed for the island, including the Supreme Court and subordinate courts (District Court, Magistrate Court, Family Court, Children's Court, and Coroners' Court)"
}
},

7
australia-oceania/nc.json
View file

@ -92,9 +92,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the Pacific Ocean), the archipelago of Iles Loyaute, and numerous small, sparsely populated islands and atolls"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>New Caledonia map showing the various islands that comprise this French territorial archipelago in the Coral Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -491,7 +488,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Appeal in Noumea or Cour d'Appel; organized into civil, commercial, social, and pre-trial investigation chambers; court bench normally includes the court president and 2 counselors); Administrative Court (number of judges NA); note - final appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are referred to the Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (in Paris); final appeals beyond the Administrative Court are referred to the Administrative Court of Appeal (in Paris)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -913,7 +910,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 687; landing points for the Gondwana-1 and Picot-1 providing connectivity via submarine cables&nbsp;around New&nbsp;Caledonia and&nbsp;to Australia; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "the publicly owned French Overseas Network (RFO), which operates in France's overseas departments and territories, broadcasts over the RFO Nouvelle-Cal&eacute;donie TV and radio stations; a small number of privately owned radio stations also broadcast"

7
australia-oceania/ne.json
View file

@ -92,9 +92,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "one of world's largest coral islands; the only major break in the surrounding coral reef occurs in the central western part of the coast"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Niue map showing some population centers on this island in the South Pacific Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -457,7 +454,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and up to 3 judges); note - the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) is the final appeal court beyond the Niue Court of Appeal"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -772,7 +769,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 683; landing point for the Manatua submarine cable linking Niue to several South Pacific Ocean Islands; expansion of satellite services (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "1 government-owned TV station with many of the programs supplied by Television New Zealand; 1 government-owned radio station broadcasting in AM and FM (2019)"

9
australia-oceania/nf.json
View file

@ -95,9 +95,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "most of the 32 km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Norfolk Island map shows a few population centers on this island in the South Pacific Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -386,7 +383,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> following an administrative restructuring of local government, the Legislative Assembly was dissolved on 18 June 2015 and replaced by an interim Norfolk Island Advisory Council effective 1 July 2015; the Advisory Council consisted of 5 members appointed by the Norfolk Island administrator based on nominations from the community; following elections on 28 May 2016, the new Norfolk Island Regional Council (NIRC) commenced operations on 1 July 2016; on 20 December 2020 the NIRC was suspended for three months following a public audit and this suspension was extended on 3 February 2021 for an additional three months pending the outcome of a public inquiry; the council election previously scheduled for 13 March 2021 has been postponed 12 months"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Norfolk Island (consists of the chief justice and several justices); note - appeals beyond the Supreme Court of Norfolk Island are heard by the Federal Court and the High Court of Australia"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -424,7 +421,7 @@
"lyrics/music": {
"text": "New Testament/John Prindle SCOTT"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the local anthem, whose lyrics consist of the words from Matthew 25:34-36, 40, is also known as \"The Pitcairn Anthem;\" the island does not recognize \"Advance Australia Fair\" (which other Australian territories use); instead \"God Save the Queen\" is official (see United Kingdom)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the local anthem, whose lyrics consist of the words from Matthew 25:34-36, 40, is also known as \"The Pitcairn Anthem;\" the island does not recognize \"Advance Australia Fair\" (which other Australian territories use); instead \"God Save the King\" is official (see United Kingdom)"
}
},
"Economy": {
@ -518,7 +515,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 672; submarine cable links with Australia and New Zealand; satellite earth station - 1"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "1 local radio station; broadcasts of several Australian radio and TV stations available via satellite (2009)"

7
australia-oceania/nh.json
View file

@ -100,9 +100,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "a Y-shaped chain of four main islands and 80 smaller islands; several of the islands have active volcanoes and there are several underwater volcanoes as well"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Vanuatu map showing the major islands that make up this archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -575,7 +572,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of culture and language"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Appeal (consists of 2 or more judges of the Supreme Court designated by the chief justice); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 6 puisne judges - 3 local and 3 expatriate)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1035,7 +1032,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 678; landing points for the ICN1 &amp; ICN2 submarine cables providing connectivity to the Solomon Islands and Fiji; cables helped end-users with Internet bandwidth; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "1 state-owned TV station; multi-channel pay TV is available; state-owned Radio Vanuatu operates 2 radio stations; 2 privately owned radio broadcasters; programming from multiple international broadcasters is available"

7
australia-oceania/nr.json
View file

@ -95,9 +95,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "Nauru is the third-smallest country in the world behind the Holy See (Vatican City) and Monaco; it is the smallest country in the Pacific Ocean, the smallest country outside Europe, the world's smallest island country, and the the world's smallest independent republic; situated just 53 km south of the Equator, Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "Nauru map shows some features on this island in the South Pacific Ocean."
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -530,7 +527,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and several justices); note - in late 2017, the Nauruan Government revoked the 1976 High Court Appeals Act, which had allowed appeals beyond the Nauruan Supreme Court, and in early 2018, the government formed its own appeals court"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -955,7 +952,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 674; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "1 government-owned TV station broadcasting programs from New Zealand sent via satellite or on videotape; 1 government-owned radio station, broadcasting on AM and FM, utilizes Australian and British programs (2019)"

12
australia-oceania/nz.json
View file

@ -107,9 +107,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<p><strong>note 1:</strong> consists of two main islands and a number of smaller islands; South Island, the larger main island, is the 12th largest island in the world and is divided along its length by the Southern Alps; North Island is the 14th largest island in the world and is not as mountainous, but it is marked by volcanism</p> <p><strong>note 2:</strong> New Zealand lies along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire</p> <p><strong>note 3:</strong> almost 90% of the population lives in cities and over three-quarters on North Island; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world</p>"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>New Zealand map showing major cities and islands of this archipelagic country in the South Pacific Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -228,8 +225,7 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "27.8 years (2009 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth"
"text": "27.8 years"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "9 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -590,7 +586,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 5 justices, including the chief justice); note - the Supreme Court in 2004 replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) as the final appeals court"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -608,7 +604,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Rosemary&nbsp;BANKS (since&nbsp;11 January 2019)"
"text": "Ambassador Bede Gilbert CORRY (since 16 September 2022)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008"
@ -1087,7 +1083,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 64; landing points for the Southern Cross NEXT, Aqualink, Nelson-Levin, SCCN and Hawaiki submarine cable system providing links to Australia, Fiji, American Samoa, Kiribati, Samo, Tokelau, US and around New Zealand; satellite earth stations - 8 (1 Inmarsat - Pacific Ocean, 7 other) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "state-owned Television New Zealand operates multiple TV networks and state-owned Radio New Zealand operates 3 radio networks and an external shortwave radio service to the South Pacific region; a small number of national commercial TV and radio stations and many regional commercial television and radio stations are available; cable and satellite TV systems are available, as are a range of streaming services (2019)"

7
australia-oceania/pc.json
View file

@ -83,9 +83,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "Britain's most isolated dependency; only the larger island of Pitcairn is inhabited but it has no port or natural harbor; supplies must be transported by rowed longboat from larger ships stationed offshore"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Pitcairn Islands map showing the scattered islands in the South Pacific Ocean and an inset of Pitcairn Island itself.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -391,7 +388,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Pitcairn Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, 2 judges, and the Supreme Court chief justice, an ex-officio member); Pitcairn Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 2 judges); note - appeals beyond the Pitcairn Court of Appeal are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -508,7 +505,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 872; satellite earth station - 1 Inmarsat"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "satellite TV from Fiji-based Sky Pacific offering a wide range of international channels"

7
australia-oceania/ps.json
View file

@ -98,9 +98,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "westernmost archipelago in the Caroline chain, consists of six island groups totaling more than 300 islands; includes World War II battleground of Beliliou (Peleliu) and world-famous Rock Islands"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Palau map showing the major islands of this archipelagic country in the North Pacific Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -554,7 +551,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 3 associate justices organized into appellate trial divisions; the Supreme Court organization also includes the Common Pleas and Land Courts)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -882,7 +879,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 680; landing point for the SEA-US submarine cable linking Palau, Philippines, Micronesia, Indonesia, Hawaii (US), Guam (US) and&nbsp;California (US); satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "no broadcast TV stations; a cable TV network covers the major islands and provides access to 4 local cable stations, rebroadcasts (on a delayed basis) of a number of US stations, as well as access to a number of real-time satellite TV channels; about a half dozen radio stations (1 government-owned) (2019)"

7
australia-oceania/rm.json
View file

@ -99,9 +99,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the islands of Bikini and Enewetak are former US nuclear test sites; Kwajalein atoll, famous as a World War II battleground, surrounds the world's largest lagoon and is used as a US missile test range; the island city of Ebeye is the second largest settlement in the Marshall Islands, after the capital of Majuro, and one of the most densely populated locations in the Pacific"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Marshall Islands map showing the major islands of this archipelagic country in the North Pacific Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -571,7 +568,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 2 associate justices)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -903,7 +900,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 692; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); US Government satellite communications system on Kwajalein"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "no TV broadcast station; a cable network is available on Majuro with programming via videotape replay and satellite relays; 4 radio broadcast stations; American Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) provides satellite radio and television service to Kwajalein Atoll (2019)"

7
australia-oceania/tl.json
View file

@ -92,9 +92,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "consists of three atolls (Atafu, Fakaofo, Nukunonu), each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over 3 m above sea level"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Tokelau map shows the three atolls that make up this New Zealand territory in the South Pacific Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -415,7 +412,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Appeal (in New Zealand) (consists of the court president and 8 judges sitting in 3- or 5-judge panels, depending on the case)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -581,7 +578,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 690; landing point for the Southern Cross NEXT submarine cable linking Australia, Tokelau, Samoa, Kiribati, Fiji, New Zealand and Los Angeles, CA (USA); radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok); satellite earth stations - 3 (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "Sky TV access for around 30% of the population; each atoll operates a radio service that provides shipping news and weather reports (2019)"

9
australia-oceania/tn.json
View file

@ -95,9 +95,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the western islands (making up the Tongan Volcanic Arch) are all of volcanic origin; the eastern islands are nonvolcanic and are composed of coral limestone and sand"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Tonga map showing the major islands that make up this archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -215,7 +212,7 @@
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "24.9 years (2012 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-49"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "52 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
@ -594,7 +591,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and a number of judges determined by the monarch); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are brought before the King in Privy Council, the monarch's advisory organ that has both judicial and legislative powers"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1055,7 +1052,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 676; landing point for the Tonga Cable and the TDCE connecting to Fiji and 3 separate Tonga islands; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "1 state-owned TV station and 3 privately owned TV stations; satellite and cable TV services are available; 1 state-owned and&nbsp;5 privately owned radio stations; Radio Australia broadcasts available via satellite (2019)"

7
australia-oceania/tv.json
View file

@ -98,9 +98,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "one of the smallest and most remote countries on Earth; six of the nine coral atolls - Nanumea, Nui, Vaitupu, Nukufetau, Funafuti, and Nukulaelae - have lagoons open to the ocean; Nanumaya and Niutao have landlocked lagoons; Niulakita does not have a lagoon"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Tuvalu map showing the major islands that make up this island group in the South Pacific Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -539,7 +536,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and not less than 3 appeals judges); High Court (consists of the chief justice); appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -879,7 +876,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 688; international calls can be made by satellite"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "no TV stations; many households use satellite dishes to watch foreign TV stations; 1 government-owned radio station, Radio Tuvalu, includes relays of programming from international broadcasters (2019)"

3
australia-oceania/um.json
View file

@ -66,9 +66,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<p><strong>Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands:</strong> scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife; closed to the public; </p><p><strong>Johnston Atoll:</strong> Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands, which have been expanded by coral dredging; North Island (Akau) and East Island (Hikina) are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; the egg-shaped reef is 34 km in circumference; closed to the public; </p><p><strong>Kingman Reef:</strong> barren coral atoll with deep interior lagoon; closed to the public; </p><p><strong>Midway Islands:</strong> a coral atoll managed as a National Wildlife Refuge and open to the public for wildlife-related recreation in the form of wildlife observation and photography; </p><p><strong>Palmyra Atoll:</strong> the high rainfall and resulting lush vegetation make the environment of this atoll unique among the US Pacific Island territories; supports a large undisturbed stand of Pisonia beach forest</p>"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>United States Pacific Wildlife Refuges map showing the central Pacific Ocean with seven insets highlighting the many islands that make up the United States Pacific Wildlife Refuges.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {

7
australia-oceania/wf.json
View file

@ -90,9 +90,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "both island groups have fringing reefs; Wallis contains several prominent crater lakes"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Wallis and Futuna map showing the islands that make up this French overseas collectivity in the South Pacific Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -455,7 +452,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Assizes or Cour d'Assizes (consists of 1 judge; court hears primarily serious criminal cases); note - appeals beyond the Court of Assizes are heard before the Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel (in Noumea, New Caledonia)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -672,7 +669,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 681; landing point for the Tui-Samoa submarine cable network connecting Wallis &amp; Futuna, Samoa and Fiji (2020)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "the publicly owned French Overseas Network (RFO), which broadcasts to France's overseas departments, collectivities, and territories, is carried on the RFO Wallis and Fortuna TV and radio stations (2019)"

5
australia-oceania/wq.json
View file

@ -77,9 +77,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean; emergency landing location for transpacific flights"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Wake Island map showing the three component islands and surrounding reef that make up the US territory in the North Pacific Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -314,7 +311,7 @@
"general assessment": {
"text": "satellite communications; 2 Defense Switched Network circuits off the Overseas Telephone System (OTS); located in the Hawaii area code - 808 (2018)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "American Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) provides satellite radio/TV broadcasts (2018)"

11
australia-oceania/ws.json
View file

@ -95,9 +95,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "occupies an almost central position within Polynesia"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Samoa map showing the islands that comprise this archipelagic country in the South Pacific Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -213,10 +210,6 @@
"text": "1.03 male(s)/female (2022 est.)"
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "23.6 years (2009 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-29"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "43 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
},
@ -585,7 +578,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the chief justice and 2 Supreme Court judges and meets once or twice a year); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and several judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1046,7 +1039,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 685; landing points for the Tui-Samo, Manatua, SAS, and Southern Cross NEXT submarine cables providing connectivity to Samoa, Fiji,&nbsp;Wallis&nbsp;&amp; Futuna, Cook Islands, Niue, French Polynesia, American Samoa, Australia, New Zealand, Kiribati, Los Angeles (US), and Tokelau;&nbsp;satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress towards 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "state-owned TV station privatized in 2008; 4 privately owned television broadcast stations; about a half-dozen privately owned radio stations and one state-owned radio station; TV and radio broadcasts of several stations from American Samoa are available (2019)"

7
central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json
View file

@ -92,9 +92,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "a flat, riverless island renowned for its white sand beaches; its tropical climate is moderated by constant trade winds from the Atlantic Ocean; the temperature is almost constant at about 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit)"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Aruba map showing the island situated in the Caribbean Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -473,7 +470,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Joint Court of Justice of Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, and of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba or \"Joint Court of Justice\" (sits as a 3-judge panel); final appeals heard by the Supreme Court in The Hague, Netherlands"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -889,7 +886,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one major casualty may be the region&rsquo;s second largest telco operator, Digicel; the company filed for bankruptcy in the US in April 2020; it continues to operate in all of its Caribbean markets as it seeks to refinance billions of dollars of debt; the other major telco, regional incumbent Cable &amp; Wireless Communications (CWC), is experiencing similar drops in subscriber numbers and revenue; CWC is expanding and enhancing its fixed and mobile networks in many of the countries it serves around the Caribbean, despite many locations being small islands with very small populations; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage. (2021)"
"text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage. (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "ongoing changes in regulations and competition improving teledensity; approximately 34 per 100 fixed-line and 135 per 100 mobile-cellular (2018)"

7
central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json
View file

@ -99,9 +99,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "Antigua has a deeply indented shoreline with many natural harbors and beaches; Barbuda has a large western harbor"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Antigua and Barbuda map showing the two islands situated in the Caribbean Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -522,7 +519,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, travelling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 assigned to Antigua and Barbuda"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -945,7 +942,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one major casualty may be the region&rsquo;s second largest telco operator, Digicel; the company filed for bankruptcy in the US in April 2020; it continues to operate in all of its Caribbean markets as it seeks to refinance billions of dollars of debt; the other major telco, regional incumbent Cable &amp; Wireless Communications (CWC), is experiencing similar drops in subscriber numbers and revenue; CWC is expanding and enhancing its fixed and mobile networks in many of the countries it serves around the Caribbean, despite many locations being small islands with very small populations; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage. (2021)"
"text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage. (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line teledensity roughly 25 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is about 193 per 100 persons (2019)"

7
central-america-n-caribbean/av.json
View file

@ -95,9 +95,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Anguilla map showing the major island of Anguilla and its nearby small islands that comprise this UK territory in the North Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -422,7 +419,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, travelling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, though none on Anguilla"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -694,7 +691,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one major casualty may be the region&rsquo;s second largest telco operator, Digicel; the company filed for bankruptcy in the US in April 2020; it continues to operate in all of its Caribbean markets as it seeks to refinance billions of dollars of debt; the other major telco, regional incumbent Cable &amp; Wireless Communications (CWC), is experiencing similar drops in subscriber numbers and revenue; CWC is expanding and enhancing its fixed and mobile networks in many of the countries it serves around the Caribbean, despite many locations being small islands with very small populations; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage. (2021)"
"text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage. (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line teledensity is about 42 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 182 per 100 persons (2018)"

7
central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json
View file

@ -92,9 +92,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "easternmost Caribbean island"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Barbados map showing the island situated in the Caribbean Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -562,7 +559,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> tradition dictates that the election is held within 5 years of the last election, but constitutionally it is 5 years from the first seating of Parliament plus a 90-day grace period"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of the High Court with 8 justices) and the Court of Appeal (consists of the High Court chief justice and president of the court and 4 justices; note - in 2005, Barbados acceded to the Caribbean Court of Justice as the final court of appeal, replacing that of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1031,7 +1028,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one major casualty may be the region&rsquo;s second largest telco operator, Digicel; the company filed for bankruptcy in the US in April 2020; it continues to operate in all of its Caribbean markets as it seeks to refinance billions of dollars of debt; the other major telco, regional incumbent Cable &amp; Wireless Communications (CWC), is experiencing similar drops in subscriber numbers and revenue; CWC is expanding and enhancing its fixed and mobile networks in many of the countries it serves around the Caribbean, despite many locations being small islands with very small populations; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage. (2021)"
"text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage. (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line teledensity of roughly 45 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density about 115 per 100 persons (2019)"

9
central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json
View file

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
},
"Geography": {
"Location": {
"text": "chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba"
"text": "chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba; note - although The Bahamas does not border the Caribbean Sea, geopolitically it is often designated as a Caribbean nation"
},
"Geographic coordinates": {
"text": "24 15 N, 76 00 W"
@ -92,9 +92,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive island chain of which 30 are inhabited"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>The Bahamas map showing the many islands and cays that make up the country in the North Atlantic Ocean.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -510,7 +507,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the government may dissolve the parliament and call elections at any time"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 4 justices, organized in 3-member panels); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and a maximum of 11 and a minimum of 2 justices)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -980,7 +977,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one major casualty may be the region&rsquo;s second largest telco operator, Digicel; the company filed for bankruptcy in the US in April 2020; it continues to operate in all of its Caribbean markets as it seeks to refinance billions of dollars of debt; the other major telco, regional incumbent Cable &amp; Wireless Communications (CWC), is experiencing similar drops in subscriber numbers and revenue; CWC is expanding and enhancing its fixed and mobile networks in many of the countries it serves around the Caribbean, despite many locations being small islands with very small populations; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage. (2021)"
"text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "23 per 100 fixed-line, 109 per 100 mobile-cellular (2019)"

9
central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json
View file

@ -98,9 +98,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "only country in Central America without a coastline on the North Pacific Ocean"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Belize map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the Caribbean Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -578,7 +575,7 @@
"note": "<strong> </strong>"
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Judicature (consists of the Court of Appeal with the court president and 3 justices, and the Supreme Court with the chief justice and 10 justices); note - in 2010, Belize acceded to the Caribbean Court of Justice as the final court of appeal, replacing that of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -651,7 +648,7 @@
"lyrics/music": {
"text": "Samuel Alfred HAYNES/Selwyn Walford YOUNG"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1981; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, \"God Save the Queen\" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> adopted 1981; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, \"God Save the King\" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)"
},
"National heritage": {
"total World Heritage Sites": {
@ -1063,7 +1060,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Belize&rsquo;s fixed-line teledensity and mobile subscriptions remain lower than average for the region, a legacy of insufficient market competition and low investment in telecoms services, exacerbated by lax managerial standards within the incumbent telco Digi; Digi has undertaken significant investment in infrastructure, launching an LTE-A service at the end of 2016 and in mid-2017 completing a submarine cable to Ambergris Caye, enabling it to launch an FttP service in San Pedro; loans secured since 2017 enabled the company to migrate its infrastructure from legacy copper to fiber; BTL invested BZ$93 million dollars to provide high speed broadband to 80% of residences across Belize; the telecom market was liberalized in 2003 yet Digi continues to hold a monopoly in fixed-line services, and it remains the dominant provider of mobile and broadband services; the government has undertaken some measures to improve competition, notably by obliging Digi in mid-2013 to open its networks to VoIP services. (2021)"
"text": "Belize&rsquo;s fixed-line teledensity and mobile subscriptions remain lower than average for the region, a legacy of insufficient market competition and low investment in telecoms services; the telecom market was liberalized in 2003; the government has undertaken some measures to improve competition and open its networks to VoIP services (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "roughly 5 per 100 fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity of 65 per 100 persons; mobile sector accounting for over 90% of all phone subscriptions (2019)"

3
central-america-n-caribbean/bq.json
View file

@ -71,9 +71,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location 160 km south of the US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; mostly exposed rock with numerous solution holes (limestone sinkholes) but with enough grassland to support goat herds; dense stands of fig trees, scattered cactus"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Navassa Island map shows some features on this island in the Caribbean Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {

7
central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json
View file

@ -95,9 +95,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "important location between Cuba and Central America"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Cayman Islands map showing the islands that comprise the UK territory in the Caribbean Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -460,7 +457,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and at least 2 judges); Grand Court (consists of the court president and at least 2 judges); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -860,7 +857,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one major casualty may be the region&rsquo;s second largest telco operator, Digicel; the company filed for bankruptcy in the US in April 2020; it continues to operate in all of its Caribbean markets as it seeks to refinance billions of dollars of debt; the other major telco, regional incumbent Cable &amp; Wireless Communications (CWC), is experiencing similar drops in subscriber numbers and revenue; CWC is expanding and enhancing its fixed and mobile networks in many of the countries it serves around the Caribbean, despite many locations being small islands with very small populations; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage. (2021)"
"text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "introduction of competition in the mobile-cellular market in 2004 boosted subscriptions; nearly 55 per 100 fixed-line and 153 per 100 mobile-cellular (2019)"

7
central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json
View file

@ -102,9 +102,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "four volcanoes, two of them active, rise near the capital of San Jose in the center of the country; one of the volcanoes, Irazu, erupted destructively in 1963-65"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Costa Rica map showing major cities as well as parts of surrounding countries and the North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -614,7 +611,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of 22 judges organized into 3 cassation chambers each with 5 judges and the Constitutional Chamber with 7 judges)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -1101,7 +1098,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "in Aug 2021 Liberty Latin America (LLA) completed its acquisition of Telef&oacute;nica Costa Rica (Movistar) &mdash; Costa Rica&rsquo;s second-largest mobile network operator &mdash; for around $505 million; the deal followed on the heels of the failure of Millicom to buy Movistar earlier in the year, at a higher price; LLA&rsquo;s local unit Cabletica will be able to combine its fixed telecom services with Movistar&rsquo;s mobile offerings; a rebranding exercise is anticipated in 2022, with the Movistar brand likely to be phased out; the fixed broadband market is one of the few parts of Costa Rica&rsquo;s telecom sector to experience solid growth in recent years, both in size and revenue; the country&rsquo;s fiber network expanded by 56% in 2020, reaching about 176,200km; fixed-line broadband traffic volume also increased by more than 30%, year-on-year;&nbsp; other areas of the market have proven relatively lack luster, with slow or even negative growth; ome of this can be attributed to the economic and social impacts of the pandemic, but the fixed-line and mobile sectors have both been struggling to produce decent results since well before the start of the crisis; the rollout of 5G network infrastructure in Costa Rica is unlikely to occur to any scale before 2023, but this may be one of the few remaining areas of opportunity open to investors outside of fixed-line internet and pay TV services. (2021)"
"text": "the fixed broadband market is one of the few parts of Costa Rica&rsquo;s telecom sector to experience solid growth in recent years, both in size and revenue; the country&rsquo;s fiber network expanded by 56% in 2020, reaching about 176,200km; fixed-line broadband traffic volume also increased by more than 30%, year-on-year;&nbsp; other areas of the market have proven relatively lack luster, with slow or even negative growth; some of this can be attributed to the economic and social impacts of the pandemic, but the fixed-line and mobile sectors have both been struggling to produce decent results since well before the start of the crisis; the rollout of 5G network infrastructure in Costa Rica is unlikely to occur to any scale before 2023, but this may be one of the few remaining areas of opportunity open to investors outside of fixed-line internet and pay TV services (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "roughly 11 per 100 fixed-line and 148 per 100 mobile-cellular; point-to-point and point-to-multi-point microwave, fiber-optic, and coaxial cable link rural areas; Internet service is available (2020)"

5
central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json
View file

@ -102,9 +102,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "largest country in Caribbean and westernmost island of the Greater Antilles"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Cuba map showing the island country in the Caribbean Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -612,7 +609,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "People's Supreme Court (consists of court president, vice president, 41 professional justices, and NA lay judges); organization includes the State Council, criminal, civil, administrative, labor, crimes against the state, and military courts)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {

7
central-america-n-caribbean/do.json
View file

@ -95,9 +95,6 @@
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "known as \"The Nature Island of the Caribbean\" due to its spectacular, lush, and varied flora and fauna, which are protected by an extensive natural park system; the most mountainous of the Lesser Antilles, its volcanic peaks are cones of lava craters and include Boiling Lake, the second-largest, thermally active lake in the world"
},
"Map description": {
"text": "<p>Dominica map showing the island country in the Caribbean Sea.</p>"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -489,7 +486,7 @@
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the superior court of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - consists of the Court of Appeal - headed by the chief justice and 4 judges - and the High Court with 18 judges; the Court of Appeal is itinerant, traveling to member states on a schedule to hear appeals from the High Court and subordinate courts; High Court judges reside in the member states, with 2 in Dominica; note - in 2015, Dominica acceded to the Caribbean Court of Justice as final court of appeal, replacing that of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, in London"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
@ -921,7 +918,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one major casualty may be the region&rsquo;s second largest telco operator, Digicel; the company filed for bankruptcy in the US in April 2020; it continues to operate in all of its Caribbean markets as it seeks to refinance billions of dollars of debt; the other major telco, regional incumbent Cable &amp; Wireless Communications (CWC), is experiencing similar drops in subscriber numbers and revenue; CWC is expanding and enhancing its fixed and mobile networks in many of the countries it serves around the Caribbean, despite many locations being small islands with very small populations; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage. (2021)"
"text": "the telecom sector has seen a decline in subscriber numbers (particularly for prepaid mobile services the mainstay of short term visitors) and revenue; fixed and mobile broadband services are two areas that have benefited from the crisis as employees and students have resorted to working from home; one area of the telecom market that is not prepared for growth is 5G mobile; governments, regulators, and even the mobile network operators have shown that they have not been investing in 5G opportunities at the present time; network expansion and enhancements remain concentrated around improving LTE coverage (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line connections continue to decline slowly with only two active operators providing about 4 fixed-line connections per 100 persons; subscribership among the three mobile-cellular providers is about 105 per 100 persons (2019)"

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