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36
middle-east/ae.json
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@ -709,34 +709,36 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "0.9% (2017 est.)"
"text": "0.8% (2022 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "49.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "51.5% (2022 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "49.2% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "47.7% (2022 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "34.9% (2017 est.)"
"text": "40.2% (2020 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "12.3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "14.5% (2020 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "23% (2017 est.)"
"text": "20.2% (2020 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "1.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "2.6% (2020 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "100.4% (2017 est.)"
"text": "95.9% (2020 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-72.4% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "-70.6% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "dates, cucumbers/gherkins, camel milk, goat milk, tomatoes, eggs, goat meat, milk, chicken, camel meat (2022)",
@ -785,10 +787,10 @@
},
"Average household expenditures": {
"on food": {
"text": "13.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "13.5% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
},
"on alcohol and tobacco": {
"text": "0.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "0.4% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
}
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
@ -879,14 +881,6 @@
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$237.6 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$218.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
}
},
"Exchange rates": {
"Currency": {
"text": "Emirati dirhams (AED) per US dollar -"

39
middle-east/aj.json
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@ -721,34 +721,36 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "6.1% (2017 est.)"
"text": "5.5% (2023 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "53.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "46.6% (2023 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "40.4% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "39.1% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "57.6% (2017 est.)"
"text": "53.2% (2023 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "11.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "14% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "23.6% (2017 est.)"
"text": "14.9% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "0.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "3.5% (2023 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "48.7% (2017 est.)"
"text": "49% (2023 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-42% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "-34.6% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "milk, wheat, potatoes, barley, tomatoes, watermelons, cotton, apples, onions, maize (2022)",
@ -794,10 +796,10 @@
},
"Average household expenditures": {
"on food": {
"text": "43.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "42.4% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
},
"on alcohol and tobacco": {
"text": "2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "2% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
}
},
"Remittances": {
@ -895,12 +897,10 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$17.41 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Debt - external 2022": {
"text": "$12.319 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$13.83 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
}
"note": "<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars"
},
"Exchange rates": {
"Currency": {
@ -1149,8 +1149,7 @@
"text": "Baku has been actively upgrading its equipment for over a decade with purchases from Belarus, Israel, Russia, and Turkey; while most of the military's equipment was once Soviet-era material, it now fields quantities of advanced equipment, including armored vehicles, artillery systems, air defense systems, tanks, and UAVs (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-25 years of age for compulsory military service for men; 17-35 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; 18 months service for conscripts (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> most of the military is made up of professional contract soldiers; as of 2018, women made up an estimated 3% of the active duty military"
"text": "18-25 years of age for compulsory military service for men; 18-35 years of age for voluntary/contractual service for men and women; 18 months service for conscripts, 36 months for voluntary/contractual service (2023)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Azerbaijani military was established in 1991, although its origins go back to 1918; much of the military’s original equipment was acquired from former Soviet military forces that departed Azerbaijan by 1992; territorial defense is the military’s primary focus, particularly with regards to neighboring Armenia; a secondary focus is guarding against Iran; Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in open conflicts over the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave in 1991-94 and 2020; tensions continued following the 2020 conflict, and Azerbaijan seized the entire enclave in 2023 <br><br>Turkey has been Azerbaijan’s strongest military partner, a relationship that has included weapons transfers, technical advice, bilateral training exercises, and support during its conflicts with Armenia; Azerbaijan is not part of NATO but has had a cooperative relationship with it dating back to when it joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and has provided troops to NATO-led missions in Kosovo (1999-2008) and Afghanistan (2002-2014) (2024)"

34
middle-east/am.json
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@ -719,34 +719,36 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "16.7% (2017 est.)"
"text": "8.4% (2023 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "28.2% (2017 est.)"
"text": "23.9% (2023 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "54.8% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "59% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "76.7% (2017 est.)"
"text": "65.3% (2023 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "14.2% (2017 est.)"
"text": "14.1% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "17.3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "20.8% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "4.1% (2017 est.)"
"text": "0.6% (2023 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "38.1% (2017 est.)"
"text": "58.2% (2023 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-50.4% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "-58.9% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "milk, potatoes, grapes, tomatoes, vegetables, wheat, watermelons, apricots, apples, barley (2022)",
@ -901,12 +903,10 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 2019": {
"text": "$11.637 billion (2019 est.)"
"Debt - external 2022": {
"text": "$6.028 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 2018": {
"text": "$10.785 billion (2018 est.)"
}
"note": "<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars"
},
"Exchange rates": {
"Currency": {
@ -1149,7 +1149,7 @@
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-27 for voluntary (men and women), contract (men and women) or compulsory (men) military service; contract military service is 3-12 months or 3 or 5 years; conscripts serve 24 months; men under the age of 36, who have not previously served as contract servicemen and are registered in the reserve, as well as women, regardless of whether they are registered in the reserve can be enrolled in contractual military service; all citizens aged 27 to 50 are registered in the military reserve and may be called to serve if mobilization is declared (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in 2023, Armenia approved six-month voluntary service for women, after which they have the option to switch to a five-year contract; previously, women served on a contract basis  <br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> as of 2021, conscripts comprised about half of the military's active personnel; as of 2020, women made up about 10% of the active duty military; the Armenian Army established its first all-women combat unit in 2020"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in 2023, Armenia approved six-month voluntary service for women, after which they have the option to switch to a five-year contract; previously, women served on a contract basis; as of 2021, women made up about 10% of the active duty military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Armenian Armed Forces were officially established in 1992, although their origins go back to 1918; the modern military’s missions include deterrence, territorial defense, crisis management, humanitarian assistance, and disaster response, as well as socio-economic development projects; territorial defense is its primary focus, particularly in regards to tensions with neighboring Azerbaijan; Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in open conflicts over the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave in 1991-94 and 2020; Azerbaijan seized the entire enclave in 2023 <br><br>Armenia has traditionally had close military ties with Russia and has hosted Russian military forces at two bases; it has been a member of the Russian-led Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) since 1994 and committed troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force; Armenia has relations with NATO going back to 1992 when Armenia joined the North Atlantic Cooperation Council; in 1994, it joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program and has contributed to the NATO force in Kosovo, as well as the former NATO deployment in Afghanistan (2024)"

39
middle-east/ba.json
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@ -708,34 +708,36 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "0.3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "0.3% (2023 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "39.3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "44.5% (2023 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "60.4% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "51.1% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "45.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "39.2% (2021 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "15.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "15.8% (2021 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "26.1% (2017 est.)"
"text": "24.6% (2021 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "0.4% (2017 est.)"
"text": "1% (2021 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "80.2% (2017 est.)"
"text": "89.7% (2021 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-67.9% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "-70.2% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "lamb/mutton, dates, milk, chicken, tomatoes, fruits, sheep offal, eggs, sheepskins, cucumbers/gherkins (2022)",
@ -778,10 +780,10 @@
},
"Average household expenditures": {
"on food": {
"text": "13.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "13% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
},
"on alcohol and tobacco": {
"text": "0.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "0.4% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
}
},
"Remittances": {
@ -875,14 +877,6 @@
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$52.15 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$42.55 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
}
},
"Exchange rates": {
"Currency": {
"text": "Bahraini dinars (BHD) per US dollar -"
@ -1132,8 +1126,7 @@
"text": "the military's inventory consists of a mix of equipment acquired from a wide variety of suppliers; in recent years, the US has been the leading supplier of arms to Bahrain (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; 15 years of age for non-commissioned officers, technicians, and cadets; no conscription (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the BDF hires foreign nationals, Sunni Muslims primarily from Arabic countries and Pakistan, to serve under contract; as of 2020, foreigners were estimated to comprise as much as 80% of the military; the policy has become a controversial issue with the primarily Shia population; during the 2011, the BDF reportedly deployed mostly foreign personnel against protesters"
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; 18-55 to voluntarily join the reserves; no compulsory service (2024)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the BDF is a small, but well-equipped military focused on territorial defense and support to internal security; its primary concern is Iran, both the conventional military threat and Tehran's support to regional terrorist groups; the BDF participates in multinational exercises and has conducted small deployments outside of the country; in 2015, for example, Bahrain joined the Saudi Arabia-led military intervention in Yemen, supplying a few hundred troops and combat aircraft</p> Bahrain’s closest security partners are the US and Saudi Arabia; it hosts the US Naval Forces Central Command (USNAVCENT; established 1983), which includes the US 5th Fleet, several subordinate naval task forces, and the Combined Maritime Forces (established 2002), a coalition of more than 30 nations providing maritime security for regional shipping lanes; in 2003, the US granted Bahrain Major Non-NATO Ally status, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; Bahraini leaders have said that the security of Bahrain and Saudi Arabia are “indivisible”; Saudi Arabia sent forces to Bahrain to assist with internal security following the 2011 uprising; Bahrain also has close security ties to other Gulf Cooperation Council  countries, particularly Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates, as well as the UK (2024)"

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middle-east/gg.json
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@ -722,34 +722,36 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "8.2% (2017 est.)"
"text": "6% (2023 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "23.7% (2017 est.)"
"text": "19% (2023 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "67.9% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "61.7% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "62.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "68.9% (2023 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "17.1% (2017 est.)"
"text": "12.7% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "29.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "21.5% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "2.4% (2017 est.)"
"text": "4.5% (2023 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "50.4% (2017 est.)"
"text": "49.4% (2023 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-62.2% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "-56.9% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "milk, grapes, potatoes, wheat, maize, apples, watermelons, barley, tangerines/mandarins, tomatoes (2022)",
@ -802,10 +804,10 @@
},
"Average household expenditures": {
"on food": {
"text": "32.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "32.1% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
},
"on alcohol and tobacco": {
"text": "3.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "3.4% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
}
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
@ -912,12 +914,10 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 2019": {
"text": "$18.149 billion (2019 est.)"
"Debt - external 2022": {
"text": "$6.976 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 2018": {
"text": "$17.608 billion (2018 est.)"
}
"note": "<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars"
},
"Exchange rates": {
"Currency": {
@ -1192,8 +1192,8 @@
"text": "the majority of the military's inventory consists of Soviet-era weapons and equipment, although in recent years it has received armaments from a number of European countries, as well as the US (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-27 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription was abolished in 2016, but reinstated in 2017 for men 18-27 years of age; conscript service obligation is 12 months (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>approximately 6-7,000 individuals are called up annually for conscription for service; approximately 25% enter the Defense Forces, while the remainder serve in the Ministry of Internal Affairs or as prison guards in the Ministry of Corrections<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> as of 2022, women made up about 8% of the military's full-time personnel"
"text": "18-27 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription was abolished in 2016, but reinstated in 2017 for men 18-27 years of age; conscript service obligation is 12 months (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>approximately 6-7,000 individuals are called up annually for conscription for service; conscripts serve in the Defense Forces, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, or the Ministry of Corrections<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> as of 2022, women made up about 8% of the military's full-time personnel"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Defense Forces of Georgia (DFG) are responsible for protecting the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the country; the DFG also provides units for multinational military operations abroad and supports the Border Police in border protection and civil authorities in counter-terrorist operations, if requested; it is focused primarily on Russia, which maintains military bases and troops in occupied Abkhazia and South Ossetia; a five-day conflict with Russian forces in 2008 resulted in the defeat and expulsion of Georgian forces from the breakaway regions <br><br>Georgia is not a member of NATO but has had a relationship with the Alliance since 1992 and declared its aspiration to join in 2002; the military is working to make itself more compatible with NATO and has participated in multinational exercises and security operations abroad with NATO, such as Afghanistan, where it was one of the top non-NATO contributors, and Kosovo; the DFG has also contributed troops to EU and UN missions (2024)"

25
middle-east/gz.json
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@ -458,36 +458,36 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "5.7% (2022 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "21.1% (2017 est.)"
"text": "17.4% (2022 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "75% (2017 est.)"
"text": "58.3% (2022 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data exclude the West Bank"
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "88.6% (2017 est.)"
"text": "101.6% (2023 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "26.3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "20.2% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "22.4% (2017 est.)"
"text": "24.8% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "0% (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.5% (2023 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "18.6% (2017 est.)"
"text": "19.6% (2023 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-55.6% (2017 est.)"
"text": "-66.9% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data exclude the West Bank"
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "tomatoes, milk, cucumbers/gherkins, olives, potatoes, sheep milk, eggplants, pumpkins/squash, grapes, chicken (2022)",
@ -636,9 +636,6 @@
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
},
"Debt - external": {
"text": "<p>see entry for the West Bank</p>"
},
"Exchange rates": {
"text": "<p>see entry for the West Bank</p>"
}

40
middle-east/ir.json
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@ -712,34 +712,36 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "9.6% (2016 est.)"
"text": "13% (2023 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "35.3% (2016 est.)"
"text": "41.8% (2023 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "55% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "42.7% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "49.7% (2017 est.)"
"text": "47.2% (2023 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "14% (2017 est.)"
"text": "13.2% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "20.6% (2017 est.)"
"text": "26.9% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "14.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "9.5% (2023 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "26% (2017 est.)"
"text": "28.6% (2023 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-24.9% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "-26.9% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "wheat, sugarcane, milk, sugar beets, tomatoes, barley, potatoes, vegetables, oranges, chicken (2022)",
@ -788,10 +790,10 @@
},
"Average household expenditures": {
"on food": {
"text": "28.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "28.4% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
},
"on alcohol and tobacco": {
"text": "0.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "0.5% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
}
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
@ -888,12 +890,10 @@
}
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$7.995 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Debt - external 2022": {
"text": "$269.852 million (2022 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$8.196 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
}
"note": "<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars"
},
"Exchange rates": {
"Currency": {
@ -1199,8 +1199,8 @@
"text": "the Iranian military's inventory includes a mix of domestically produced and mostly older foreign equipment largely of Chinese, Russian, Soviet, and US origin (US equipment acquired prior to the Islamic Revolution in 1979); it also has some military equipment from North Korea, including midget submarines and ballistic missiles; in recent years, Iran has received some newer equipment from Russia; Iran has a defense industry with the capacity to develop, produce, support, and sustain air, land, missile, and naval weapons programs (2024)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "military service is compulsory for all Iranian men 18/19 to approximately age 40; 16 for voluntary military service (may be as low as 15 for the Basij); conscript military service obligation is up to 24 months, depending on the location of service (soldiers serving in places of high security risk and deprived areas serve shorter terms); women exempted from military service (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>conscripts serve in the Artesh, IRGC, and Law Enforcement; approximately 80% of Artesh ground forces personnel are conscripts, while Navy and Air/Air Defense Force personnel are primarily volunteers; conscripts reportedly comprise a significant portion of the IRGC"
"text": "military service is compulsory for all Iranian men 18-19 to approximately age 40; 16 for voluntary military service (may be as low as 15 for the Basij); conscript military service obligation is up to 24 months, depending on the location of service (soldiers serving in places of high security risk and deprived areas serve shorter terms); women exempted from military service (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>conscripts serve in the Artesh, IRGC, and Law Enforcement, while Navy and Air/Air Defense Force personnel are primarily volunteers"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "continues to maintain a military presence in Syria reportedly of a few thousand personnel, mostly of special operations and IRGC forces (2024)",

49
middle-east/is.json
View file

@ -731,34 +731,36 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "2.4% (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.3% (2021 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "26.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "17.2% (2021 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "69.5% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "72.4% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "55.1% (2017 est.)"
"text": "48.2% (2023 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "22.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "22.4% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "20.1% (2017 est.)"
"text": "24% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "0.7% (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.7% (2023 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "28.9% (2017 est.)"
"text": "30.9% (2023 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-27.5% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "-27.1% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "milk, chicken, potatoes, tomatoes, avocados, bananas, grapefruits, eggs, tangerines/mandarins, carrots/turnips (2022)",
@ -811,10 +813,10 @@
},
"Average household expenditures": {
"on food": {
"text": "16% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "16% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
},
"on alcohol and tobacco": {
"text": "2.8% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "2.8% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
}
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
@ -919,17 +921,6 @@
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 31 December 2020": {
"text": "$132.5 billion (31 December 2020 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 2019": {
"text": "$99.886 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 2018": {
"text": "$94.247 billion (2018 est.)"
}
},
"Exchange rates": {
"Currency": {
"text": "new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar -"
@ -1169,7 +1160,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Israel Defense Forces (IDF): Ground Forces, Israel Naval Force (IN, includes commandos), Israel Air Force (IAF, includes air defense) (2023)",
"text": "Israel Defense Forces (IDF): Ground Forces, Israel Naval Force (IN, includes commandos), Israel Air Force (IAF, includes air defense) (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the national police, including the border police and the immigration police, are under the authority of the Ministry of Public Security<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Israeli Security Agency (ISA) is charged with combating terrorism and espionage in Israel and the West Bank and Gaza Strip; it is under the authority of the Prime Minister; ISA forces operating in the West Bank fall under the IDF for operations and operational debriefing"
},
"Military expenditures": {
@ -1193,14 +1184,14 @@
"text": "approximately 170,000 active-duty personnel (130,000 Ground Forces; 10,000 Naval; 30,000 Air Force) (2023)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the majority of the IDF's inventory is comprised of weapons that are domestically produced or imported from Europe and the US; the US has been the leading supplier of arms in recent years; Israel has a broad defense industrial base that can develop, produce, support, and sustain a wide variety of weapons systems for both domestic use and export, particularly armored vehicles, unmanned aerial systems, air defense, and guided missiles (2023)"
"text": "the majority of the IDF's inventory is comprised of weapons that are domestically produced or imported from Europe and the US; the US has been the leading supplier of arms in recent years; Israel has a broad defense industrial base that can develop, produce, support, and sustain a wide variety of weapons systems for both domestic use and export, particularly armored vehicles, unmanned aerial systems, air defense, and guided missiles (2024)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for compulsory military service; 17 years of age for voluntary military service; Jews and Druze can be conscripted; Christians, Circassians, and Muslims may volunteer; both sexes are obligated to military service; conscript service obligation is 32 months for enlisted men and about 24 months for enlisted women (varies based on military occupation); officers serve 48 months; Air Force pilots commit to 9 years of service; reserve obligation to age 41-51 (men), age 24 (women) (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> women have served in the Israeli military since its establishment in 1948; as of 2021, women made up about 35% of IDF personnel; more than 90% of military specialties, including combat specialties, were open to women and more than 3,000 women were serving in combat units; the IDF's first mixed-gender infantry unit, the Caracal Battalion, was established in 2004<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> conscripts comprise about 70% of the IDF active-duty ground forces<br><br><strong>note 3:</strong> the IDF recruits non-Israeli Jews and non-Jews with a minimum of one Jewish grandparent, as well as converts to Judaism; each year the IDF brings in about 800-1,000 foreign recruits from around the world"
"text": "18 years of age for compulsory military service; 17 years of age for voluntary military service; Jews and Druze can be conscripted; Christians, Circassians, and Muslims may volunteer; both sexes are obligated to military service; conscript service obligation is 32 months for enlisted men and about 24 months for enlisted women (varies based on military occupation); officers serve 48 months; Air Force pilots commit to 9 years of service; reserve obligation to age 41-51 (men), age 24 (women) (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the IDF recruits foreign Jews and non-Jews with a minimum of one Jewish grandparent, as well as converts to Judaism; each year the IDF brings in about 800-1,000 foreign recruits from around the world"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the IDF is responsible for external defense but also has some domestic security responsibilities; its primary operational focuses include the threat posed by Iran, instability in Syria, and terrorist organizations, including HAMAS, Hizballah, the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), and Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ); it has considerable experience in conventional and unconventional warfare; since the country’s founding in 1948, the IDF has been in conflicts against one or more of its Arab neighbors in 1948-49, 1956, 1967, 1967-70 (“War of Attrition”), 1973, 1982, and 2006; it bombed nuclear sites in Iraq in 1981 and Syria in 2007, and since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011, has conducted numerous air strikes in Syria against Iranian, Iranian-backed militia, Hizballah, and Syrian Government targets; over the same period, the IDF has carried out strikes against Hizballah in Lebanon in response to attacks on Israeli territory; the IDF has conducted numerous operations against HAMAS and PIJ, which operate out of the Gaza Strip and have launched numerous rocket attacks against Israel; HAMAS and Israel fought an 11-day conflict in 2021, which ended in an informal truce, although sporadic clashes continued; in October 2023, HAMAS conducted a surprise ground assault from Gaza into Israel, supported by rockets and armed drones, killing more than 1,000 Israelis and foreigners living in Israel; the attack resulted in an IDF ground invasion of Gaza where fighting continued into 2024<br><br>since its creation from armed Jewish militias during the First Arab-Israeli War in 1948-49, the IDF, particularly the Ground Force, has been guided by a requirement to rapidly mobilize and defend the country’s territory from numerically superior neighboring countries; the active-duty military is backed up by a large force of trained reserves--approximately 300-400,000 personnel--that can be mobilized rapidly <br><br>Israel’s primary security partner is the US; consistent with a 10-year (2019-2028) Memorandum of Understanding, the US annually provides over $3 billion in military financing and cooperative military programs, such as missile defense; the US also provides Israel access to US-produced military weapons systems including advanced fighter aircraft; Israel has Major Non-NATO Ally status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation<br><br>the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) has operated in the Golan between Israel and Syria since 1974 to monitor the ceasefire following the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and supervise the areas of separation between the two countries; UNDOF consists of about 1,000 military personnel (2024)"
"text": "the IDF is responsible for external defense but also has some domestic security responsibilities; its primary operational focuses include the threat posed by Iran, instability in Syria, and terrorist organizations, including HAMAS, Hizballah, the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS), and Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ); it has considerable experience in conventional and unconventional warfare; since the country’s founding in 1948, the IDF has been in conflicts against one or more of its Arab neighbors in 1948-49, 1956, 1967, 1967-70 (“War of Attrition”), 1973, 1982, and 2006; it bombed nuclear sites in Iraq in 1981 and Syria in 2007, and since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011, has conducted numerous air strikes in Syria against Iranian, Iranian-backed militia, Hizballah, and Syrian Government targets; over the same period, the IDF has carried out strikes against Hizballah in Lebanon in response to attacks on Israeli territory; the IDF has conducted numerous operations against HAMAS and PIJ, which operate out of the Gaza Strip and have launched dozens of rocket attacks against Israel; HAMAS and Israel fought an 11-day conflict in 2021, which ended in an informal truce, although sporadic clashes continued; in October 2023, HAMAS conducted a surprise ground assault from Gaza into Israel, supported by rockets and armed drones, killing more than 1,000 Israelis and foreigners living in Israel; the attack resulted in an IDF ground invasion of Gaza where fighting continued into 2024<br><br>since its creation from armed Jewish militias during the First Arab-Israeli War in 1948-49, the IDF, particularly the Ground Force, has been guided by a requirement to rapidly mobilize and defend the country’s territory from numerically superior neighboring countries; the active-duty military is backed up by a large force of trained reserves--approximately 300-400,000 personnel--that can be mobilized rapidly <br><br>Israel’s primary security partner is the US; consistent with a 10-year (2019-2028) Memorandum of Understanding, the US annually provides over $3 billion in military financing and cooperative military programs, such as missile defense; the US also provides Israel access to US-produced military weapons systems including advanced fighter aircraft; Israel has Major Non-NATO Ally status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation<br><br>the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) has operated in the Golan between Israel and Syria since 1974 to monitor the ceasefire following the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and supervise the areas of separation between the two countries; UNDOF consists of about 1,000 military personnel (2024)"
}
},
"Space": {

44
middle-east/iz.json
View file

@ -738,34 +738,36 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "3.3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "2.8% (2023 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "51% (2017 est.)"
"text": "55.6% (2023 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "45.8% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "42.3% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "50.4% (2013 est.)"
"text": "40.3% (2021 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "22.9% (2016 est.)"
"text": "17.7% (2021 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "20.6% (2016 est.)"
"text": "10.1% (2021 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "0% (2016 est.)"
"text": "11.3% (2021 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "32.5% (2016 est.)"
"text": "37.3% (2021 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-40.9% (2016 est.)"
}
"text": "-24.2% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "wheat, dates, tomatoes, maize, watermelons, grapes, potatoes, milk, cucumbers/gherkins, eggplants (2022)",
@ -811,10 +813,10 @@
},
"Average household expenditures": {
"on food": {
"text": "29.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "28.8% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
},
"on alcohol and tobacco": {
"text": "4.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "4.3% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
}
},
"Remittances": {
@ -912,12 +914,10 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$73.02 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Debt - external 2022": {
"text": "$15.065 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$64.16 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
}
"note": "<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars"
},
"Exchange rates": {
"Currency": {
@ -1146,7 +1146,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Ministry of Defense: Iraqi Army, Army Aviation Command, Iraqi Navy, Iraqi Air Force, Iraqi Air Defense Command, Special Forces Command, Special Security Division<br><br>National-Level Security Forces: Iraqi Counterterrorism Service (CTS; reports to the Prime Minister), Prime Minister's Special Forces Division, Presidential Brigades<br><br>Ministry of Interior: Federal Police Forces Command, Border Guard Forces Command, Federal Intelligence and Investigations Agency, Emergency Response Division, Facilities Protection Directorate, and Provincial Police<br><br>Ministry of Oil: Energy Police Directorate<br><br>Popular Mobilization Committee (PMC): Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), Tribal Mobilization Forces (TMF); the PMF and TMF are a collection of more than 50 militias of widely varied sizes and political interests<br><br>the federal constitution provides the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) the right to maintain its own military/militia (peshmerga) and security forces, but the two main Kurdish political parties, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), each maintain their own forces and participate in the staffing of the joint KDP-PUK Regional Guard Brigades: <br><br>KRG Ministry of Peshmerga: Unit (or Division) 70 Forces and Counter Terrorism Group (CTG) of the PUK; Unit (or Division) 80 Forces and Counterterrorism Directorate (CTD) of the KDP; Regional Guard Brigades<br><br>KRG Ministry of Interior: both the KDP and PUK maintain separate police, emergency response, and internal security/intelligence (Asayish) services under nominal Ministry of Interior control (2024)",
"text": "Ministry of Defense: Iraqi Army, Army Aviation Command, Iraqi Navy, Iraqi Air Force, Iraqi Air Defense Command, Special Forces Command, Special Security Division<br><br>National-Level Security Forces: Iraqi Counterterrorism Service (CTS; reports to the Prime Minister), Prime Minister's Special Forces (Security) Division, Presidential Brigades<br><br>Ministry of Interior: Federal Police Forces Command, Border Guard Forces Command, Federal Intelligence and Investigations Agency, Emergency Response Division, Facilities Protection Directorate, and Provincial Police<br><br>Ministry of Oil: Energy Police Directorate<br><br>Popular Mobilization Committee (PMC): Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), Tribal Mobilization Forces (TMF); the PMF and TMF are a collection of more than 50 militias of widely varied sizes and political interests<br><br>the federal constitution provides the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) the right to maintain its own military/militia (peshmerga) and security forces, but the two main Kurdish political parties, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), each maintain their own forces and participate in the staffing of the joint KDP-PUK Regional Guard Brigades: <br><br>KRG Ministry of Peshmerga: Unit (or Division) 70 Forces and Counter Terrorism Group (CTG) of the PUK; Unit (or Division) 80 Forces and Counterterrorism Directorate (CTD) of the KDP; Regional Guard Brigades<br><br>KRG Ministry of Interior: both the KDP and PUK maintain separate police, emergency response, and internal security/intelligence (Asayish) services under nominal Ministry of Interior control (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>the Iraqi military and associated forces are collectively known as the Iraqi Security Forces (ISF)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
@ -1167,14 +1167,14 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; approximately 200,000 personnel under the Ministry of Defense (190,000 Army/Aviation Command/Special Forces; 5,000 Navy; 5,000 Air/Air Defense Forces); approximately 25,000 National-Level Security Forces; estimated 125,000 Popular Mobilization Forces<br><br>Ministry of Peshmerga: approximately 150,000 (45-50,000 Regional Guard Brigades; 40-45,000 Unit 70 Forces; 65-70,000 Unit 80 Forces) (2023)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 200,000 personnel under the Ministry of Defense (190,000 Army/Aviation Command/Special Forces; 5,000 Navy; 5,000 Air/Air Defense Forces); approximately 20-25,000 National-Level Security Forces; estimated 200,000+ Popular Mobilization Forces<br><br>Ministry of Peshmerga: approximately 150,000 (45-50,000 Regional Guard Brigades; 40-45,000 Unit 70 Forces; 65-70,000 Unit 80 Forces) (2023)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Iraqi military's inventory includes a mix of equipment from a wide variety of sources, including Europe, South Africa, South Korea, Russia, and the US; in recent years, Russia and the US have been the leading suppliers of military hardware to Iraq (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-40 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> service in the armed forces was mandatory in Iraq from 1935 up until 2003; in 2021, the Iraqi cabinet approved a draft law to reinstate compulsory military service and referred the proposed law, called the “Service Under the Flag Law,” to the Iraqi parliament"
"text": "18-40 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> service in the armed forces was mandatory in Iraq from 1935 up until 2003; in 2021, the Iraqi cabinet approved a draft law to reinstate compulsory military service and referred the proposed law to the Iraqi parliament; as of 2023, the proposed law had been shelved"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Iraqi security forces (ISF) are primarily focused on internal security duties; they are actively conducting counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations against the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group, particularly in northern and western Iraq; the Counter Terrorism Service (CTS), which is comprised of three special forces brigades, is the ISF's principal operational unit against ISIS<br><br>Kurdish Security Forces (KSF, aka Peshmerga) also conduct operations against ISIS; the KSF are recognized as a legitimate Iraqi military force under the country’s constitution and have operated jointly with the Iraqi military against ISIS militants, but largely operate outside of Iraqi military command structure; since 2021, the ISF and the KSF have conducted joint counter-ISIS operations in an area known as the Kurdish Coordination Line (KCL), a swath of disputed territory in northern Iraq claimed by both the Kurdistan Regional Government and the central Iraqi Government; the KSF/Peshmerga report to the Kurdistan Regional Government or Kurdistan Democratic Party and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan parties instead of the Iraqi Ministry of Defense<br><br>Popular Mobilization Commission and Affiliated Forces (PMF or PMC), also known as Popular Mobilization Units (PMU, or al-Hashd al-Sha’abi in Arabic), tribal militia units have fought alongside the Iraqi military against ISIS since 2014, but the majority of these forces continue to largely ignore the 2016 Law of the Popular Mobilization Authority, which mandated that armed militias must be regulated in a fashion similar to Iraq’s other security forces and act under the Iraqi Government’s direct control; the Iraqi Government funds the PMF, and the prime minister legally commands it, but many of the militia units take orders from associated political parties and/or other government officials, including some with ties to the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and some that have been designated as terrorist organizations by the US; the PMF/PMU is an umbrella organization comprised of many different militias, the majority of which are Shia: <br><br>--Shia militias backed by Iran; they are considered the most active and capable, and include such groups as the Badr Organization (Saraya al-Sala), Asaib Ahl al-Haq, and Kataib Hizballah <br><br>--Shia militias affiliated with Shia political parties, but not aligned with Iran, such as the Peace Brigades (Saray al-Salam) <br><br>--Shia militias not connected with political parties, but affiliated with the Najaf-based Grand Ayatollah Ali al-SISTANI (Iraq’s supreme Shia cleric), such as the Hawza militias<br><br>--other PMF/PMU militias include Sunni Tribal Mobilization militias, or Hashd al-Asha’iri; some of these militias take orders from the ISF and local authorities while others respond to orders from the larger Shia PMU militias; still other militias include Yazidi and Christian militias and the Turkmen brigades; the links of these forces to the PMU are not always clear-cut and may be loosely based on financial, legal, or political incentives<br><br>two international military task forces operate in Iraq to assist the country's security forces at the request of the Iraqi Government; in October 2018, NATO established an advisory, training and capacity-building mission for the Iraqi military known as the NATO Mission Iraq (NMI); in December 2021, a US-led task force that leads the defeat ISIS mission in Iraq, Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF-OIR), transitioned from a combat role to an advise, assist, and enable role (2024)"

40
middle-east/jo.json
View file

@ -584,7 +584,7 @@
"text": "Senate - last appointments on 27 Sep 2020 (next appointments by November 2024)<br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 10 September 2024 (next to be held in 2028)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Senate - composition - men 55, women 10, percent of women 15.4%<br><em><br></em>House of Representatives; Jordan's main Islamist opposition party won 31 out of 138 seats in parliament, according to official results; turnout for the election was 32%; 27 women won seats — thanks to Jordan’s new electoral system that aim to increase women's participation in political life"
"text": "Senate - composition - men 55, women 10, percent of women 15.4%<br><em><br></em>House of Representatives - percentage by party -  NA; seats by party - Islamic Action Front 31, Mithaq 21, Irada 19, and Taqadum 8, other (includes seats reserved for women, minorities)"
},
"note": "note: in 2022, a new electoral law - effective for the anticipated 2024 election - will increase the total number of Chamber of Deputies' seats to 138 from 130; 97 members to be directly elected from multi-seat geographic districts by open list proportional representation vote, with over 7 percent of total votes needed to gain a seat, and 41 members to be directly elected from a single national district by closed party-list proportional representation vote, with over a 2.5 percent of total votes needed to gain a seat"
},
@ -600,7 +600,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties": {
"text": "political reforms required all existing parties to re-register by May 2023, which resulted in changes to the number of registered parties and the number of seats held by those parties for the anticipated 2024 election"
"text": "'Azem<br>Blessed Land Party<br>Building and Labor Coalition<br>Eradah Party <br>Growth Party<br>Islamic Action Front or IAF<br>Jordanian al-Ansar Party<br>Jordanian al-Ghad Party<br>Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party or JASBP <br>Jordanian Civil Democratic Party<br>Jordanian Communist Party or JCP<br>Jordanian Equality Party<br>Jordanian Democratic People's Party or HASD<br>Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party or JDPUP/Wihda<br>Jordanian Democratic Unionist Party<br>Jordanian Flame Party<br>Jordanian Future and Life Party<br>Jordanian Model Party<br>Jordanian National Integration Party<br>Jordanian National Loyalty Party<br>Jordanian Reform and Renewal Party or Hassad<br>Jordanian Shura Party <br>Jordanian Social Democratic Party or JSDP<br>Justice and Reform Party or JRP <br>Labor Party<br>National Charter Party<br>National Coalition Party <br>National Constitutional Party<br>National Current Party or NCP<br>National Islamic Party<br>National Union<br>Nationalist Movement Party or Hsq<br>New Path Party <br>Progress Party<br><br><br><br>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, CICA, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, NATO (partner), OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -736,34 +736,36 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "4.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "4.8% (2023 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "28.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "24.1% (2023 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "66.6% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "60.6% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "80.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "78.9% (2021 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "19.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "15.8% (2021 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "22.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "22.2% (2021 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "0.7% (2017 est.)"
"text": "3% (2021 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "34.2% (2017 est.)"
"text": "30.3% (2021 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-58% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "-50.2% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "tomatoes, milk, chicken, potatoes, cucumbers/gherkins, olives, watermelons, peaches/nectarines, sheep milk, chilies/peppers (2022)",
@ -810,10 +812,10 @@
},
"Average household expenditures": {
"on food": {
"text": "26.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "26.1% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
},
"on alcohol and tobacco": {
"text": "4.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "4.5% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
}
},
"Remittances": {
@ -911,12 +913,10 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 2019": {
"text": "$32.088 billion (2019 est.)"
"Debt - external 2022": {
"text": "$16.293 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 2018": {
"text": "$29.916 billion (2018 est.)"
}
"note": "<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars"
},
"Exchange rates": {
"Currency": {

37
middle-east/ku.json
View file

@ -697,34 +697,33 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "0.4% (2017 est.)"
"text": "0.4% (2022 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "58.7% (2017 est.)"
"text": "67% (2022 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "40.9% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "43.6% (2022 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "43.1% (2017 est.)"
"text": "40.6% (2019 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "24.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "24.8% (2019 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "26.5% (2017 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "3.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "24.6% (2019 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "49.4% (2017 est.)"
"text": "52.3% (2019 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-47% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "-44.1% (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "tomatoes, dates, cucumbers/gherkins, eggs, milk, chicken, lamb/mutton, vegetables, potatoes, eggplants (2022)",
@ -767,10 +766,10 @@
},
"Average household expenditures": {
"on food": {
"text": "19.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "19.2% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
},
"on alcohol and tobacco": {
"text": "0.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "0.1% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
}
},
"Remittances": {
@ -865,14 +864,6 @@
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$47.24 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$38.34 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
}
},
"Exchange rates": {
"Currency": {
"text": "Kuwaiti dinars (KD) per US dollar -"

37
middle-east/le.json
View file

@ -721,34 +721,33 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "3.9% (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.1% (2023 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "13.1% (2017 est.)"
"text": "2.4% (2023 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "83% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "47.7% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "87.6% (2017 est.)"
"text": "129.7% (2023 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "13.3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "5.8% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "21.8% (2017 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "0.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "0.9% (2023 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "23.6% (2017 est.)"
"text": "46.1% (2023 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-46.4% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "-82.4% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "potatoes, milk, tomatoes, apples, oranges, olives, cucumbers/gherkins, chicken, lemons/limes, wheat (2022)",
@ -791,10 +790,10 @@
},
"Average household expenditures": {
"on food": {
"text": "21% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "20.7% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
},
"on alcohol and tobacco": {
"text": "1.1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "1.1% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
}
},
"Remittances": {
@ -892,12 +891,10 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 2019": {
"text": "$33.077 billion (2019 est.)"
"Debt - external 2022": {
"text": "$38.856 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 2018": {
"text": "$33.655 billion (2018 est.)"
}
"note": "<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars"
},
"Exchange rates": {
"Currency": {

36
middle-east/mu.json
View file

@ -700,34 +700,36 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "1.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.8% (2022 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "46.4% (2017 est.)"
"text": "57% (2022 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "51.8% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "44.5% (2022 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "36.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "44.3% (2021 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "26.2% (2017 est.)"
"text": "22.1% (2021 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "27.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "25.6% (2021 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "-3.2% (2021 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "51.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "52.5% (2021 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-46.6% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "-41.4% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "dates, tomatoes, milk, sorghum, vegetables, goat milk, cucumbers/gherkins, chilies/peppers, watermelons, cantaloupes/melons (2022)",
@ -770,10 +772,10 @@
},
"Average household expenditures": {
"on food": {
"text": "22.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "21.8% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
},
"on alcohol and tobacco": {
"text": "0.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "0.2% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
}
},
"Remittances": {
@ -869,14 +871,6 @@
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$46.27 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$27.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
}
},
"Exchange rates": {
"Currency": {
"text": "Omani rials (OMR) per US dollar -"

37
middle-east/qa.json
View file

@ -710,34 +710,33 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "0.2% (2017 est.)"
"text": "0.3% (2022 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "50.3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "65.4% (2022 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "49.5% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "38.5% (2022 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "24.6% (2017 est.)"
"text": "19.5% (2022 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "17% (2017 est.)"
"text": "12.9% (2022 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "43.1% (2017 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "1.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "30.7% (2022 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "51% (2017 est.)"
"text": "68.6% (2022 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-37.3% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "-31.6% (2022 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "tomatoes, dates, chicken, cucumbers/gherkins, camel milk, eggs, sheep milk, goat milk, pumpkins/squash, milk (2022)",
@ -780,10 +779,10 @@
},
"Average household expenditures": {
"on food": {
"text": "12.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "12.3% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
},
"on alcohol and tobacco": {
"text": "0.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "0.3% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
}
},
"Remittances": {
@ -878,14 +877,6 @@
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$167.8 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$157.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
}
},
"Exchange rates": {
"Currency": {
"text": "Qatari rials (QAR) per US dollar -"

36
middle-east/sa.json
View file

@ -718,34 +718,36 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "2.6% (2017 est.)"
"text": "2.7% (2023 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "44.2% (2017 est.)"
"text": "47% (2023 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "53.2% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "44.9% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "41.3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "40% (2023 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "24.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "23.3% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "23.2% (2017 est.)"
"text": "27.9% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "4.7% (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.4% (2023 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "34.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "34.7% (2023 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-28.6% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "-27.4% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "milk, dates, chicken, wheat, tomatoes, potatoes, watermelons, olives, eggs, onions (2022)",
@ -788,10 +790,10 @@
},
"Average household expenditures": {
"on food": {
"text": "20.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "20.4% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
},
"on alcohol and tobacco": {
"text": "0.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "0.7% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
}
},
"Remittances": {
@ -887,14 +889,6 @@
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$205.1 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$189.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
}
},
"Exchange rates": {
"Currency": {
"text": "Saudi riyals (SAR) per US dollar -"

33
middle-east/sy.json
View file

@ -668,34 +668,33 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "20% (2017 est.)"
"text": "27.8% (2021 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "19.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "28.9% (2021 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "60.8% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "43.3% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "73.1% (2017 est.)"
"text": "128.6% (2021 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "26% (2017 est.)"
"text": "10.9% (2021 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "18.6% (2017 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "12.3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "8.7% (2021 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "16.1% (2017 est.)"
"text": "24.8% (2021 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-46.1% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "-73.1% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "wheat, milk, olives, sheep milk, tomatoes, potatoes, maize, watermelons, apples, oranges (2022)",
@ -838,12 +837,10 @@
}
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 31 December 2017": {
"text": "$4.989 billion (31 December 2017 est.)"
"Debt - external 2022": {
"text": "$3.619 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$5.085 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
}
"note": "<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars"
},
"Exchange rates": {
"Currency": {

36
middle-east/tu.json
View file

@ -752,34 +752,36 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "6.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "6.2% (2023 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "32.3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "28.3% (2023 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "60.7% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "54% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "59.1% (2017 est.)"
"text": "59.4% (2023 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "14.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "13.6% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "29.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "32.4% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "1.1% (2017 est.)"
"text": "-3% (2023 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "24.9% (2017 est.)"
"text": "32.3% (2023 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-29.4% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "-34.7% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "milk, wheat, sugar beets, tomatoes, barley, maize, potatoes, apples, grapes, watermelons (2022)",
@ -832,10 +834,10 @@
},
"Average household expenditures": {
"on food": {
"text": "27.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "25.4% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
},
"on alcohol and tobacco": {
"text": "2.8% of household expenditures (2021 est.)"
"text": "3.3% of household expenditures (2022 est.)"
}
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
@ -942,12 +944,10 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 2019": {
"text": "$438.677 billion (2019 est.)"
"Debt - external 2022": {
"text": "$133.882 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 2018": {
"text": "$454.251 billion (2018 est.)"
}
"note": "<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars"
},
"Exchange rates": {
"Currency": {

35
middle-east/we.json
View file

@ -510,36 +510,36 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "2.9% (2017 est.)"
"text": "5.7% (2022 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "19.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "17.4% (2022 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "77.6% (2017 est.)"
"text": "58.3% (2022 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> excludes Gaza Strip"
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "91.3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "101.6% (2023 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "26.7% (2017 est.)"
"text": "20.2% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "23% (2017 est.)"
"text": "24.8% (2023 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "0% (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.5% (2023 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "20% (2017 est.)"
"text": "19.6% (2023 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-61% (2017 est.)"
"text": "-66.9% (2023 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> excludes Gaza Strip"
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "tomatoes, cucumbers, olives, poultry, milk, potatoes, sheep milk, eggplants, gourds"
@ -692,15 +692,6 @@
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars; entry includes West Bank and Gaza Strip"
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 31 March 2016": {
"text": "$1.662 billion (31 March 2016 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 31 March 2015": {
"text": "$1.467 billion (31 March 2015 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data include the Gaza Strip"
},
"Exchange rates": {
"Currency": {
"text": "new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar -"
@ -855,14 +846,14 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "per the Oslo Accords, the PA is not permitted a conventional military but maintains security and police forces; PA security personnel have operated exclusively in the West Bank since HAMAS seized power in the Gaza Strip in 2007; PA forces include the National Security Forces, Presidential Guard, Civil Police, Civil Defense, Preventive Security Organization, the General Intelligence Organization, and the Military Intelligence Organization (2023)",
"text": "per the Oslo Accords, the Palestinian Authority (PA) is not permitted a conventional military but maintains security and police forces; PA security personnel have operated exclusively in the West Bank since HAMAS seized power in the Gaza Strip in 2007; PA forces include the National Security Forces, Presidential Guard, Civil Police, Civil Defense, Preventive Security Organization, the General Intelligence Organization, and the Military Intelligence Organization (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the National Security Forces conduct gendarmerie-style security operations in circumstances that exceed the capabilities of the Civil Police; it is the largest branch of the PA security services and acts as the internal Palestinian security force; the Presidential Guard protects facilities and provides dignitary protection; the Preventive Security Organization is responsible for internal intelligence gathering and investigations related to internal security cases, including political dissent"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"text": "not available"
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the PA Security Forces have approximately 28,000 active personnel (2023)"
"text": "the PA police and security forces have approximately 28,000 active personnel, including about 11,500 National Security Forces (2024)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the security services are armed mostly with small arms and light weapons; in recent years, they have received small amounts of equipment from Jordan, Russia, and the US (2023)"

35
middle-east/ym.json
View file

@ -713,34 +713,33 @@
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
"agriculture": {
"text": "20.3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "28.7% (2018 est.)"
},
"industry": {
"text": "11.8% (2017 est.)"
"text": "25.4% (2018 est.)"
},
"services": {
"text": "67.9% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "41.8% (2018 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data"
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
"text": "116.6% (2017 est.)"
"text": "126.4% (2018 est.)"
},
"government consumption": {
"text": "17.6% (2017 est.)"
"text": "9.1% (2018 est.)"
},
"investment in fixed capital": {
"text": "2.2% (2017 est.)"
},
"investment in inventories": {
"text": "0% (2017 est.)"
"text": "5.8% (2018 est.)"
},
"exports of goods and services": {
"text": "7.5% (2017 est.)"
"text": "8.8% (2018 est.)"
},
"imports of goods and services": {
"text": "-43.9% (2017 est.)"
}
"text": "-50.1% (2018 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection"
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "mangoes/guavas, potatoes, onions, milk, sorghum, spices, watermelons, chicken, tomatoes, grapes (2022)",
@ -893,12 +892,10 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
"Debt - external 2018": {
"text": "$6.805 billion (2018 est.)"
"Debt - external 2022": {
"text": "$5.687 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Debt - external 31 December 2016": {
"text": "$7.181 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
}
"note": "<b>note:</b> present value of external debt in current US dollars"
},
"Exchange rates": {
"Currency": {
@ -1139,7 +1136,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> as late as 2022, all parties to the ongoing conflict were implicated in child soldier recruitment and use; during the beginning of the truce in April 2022, the Houthis signed a plan with the UN to end the recruitment and use of child soldiers; Houthi leaders previously pledged to end the use of child soldiers in 2012, as did the Government of Yemen in 2014 "
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "government forces under the Yemeni Ministry of Defense are responsible for territorial defense, but also have internal security functions; their main focus is on the Houthi rebels and protecting Yemen’s maritime borders, which are susceptible to smuggling of arms, fighters, and other material support for the Houthis and terrorist groups operating in Yemen, including al-Qa’ida in the Arabian Peninsula and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in Yemen; the National Army is organized into brigades of armored, border guard, infantry, mechanized, presidential protection, and special forces; the brigades vary significantly in size, structure, and capabilities; the Air Force has small numbers of mostly Soviet-era aircraft while the Navy and Coast Guard have a few patrol boats<br><br>in 2015, a Saudi-led coalition of Arab states (UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Morocco, Sudan, Kuwait, Jordan and Egypt) intervened militarily in Yemen in support of the Republic of Yemen Government against the separatist Houthis; Saudi military forces conducted operations in Yemen and raised and equipped paramilitary/militia security forces in Yemen based largely on tribal or regional affiliation to deploy along the Saudi-Yemen border; UAE's participation in 2015 included several thousand ground troops, as well as supporting air and naval forces; UAE withdrew its main military force from Yemen in 2019, but has retained a smaller military presence while working with proxies in southern Yemen, most notably the Southern Transitional Council (STC); UAE has recruited, trained, and equipped tens of thousands of Yemeni fighters and formed them into dozens of militia and paramilitary units <br><br>Houthi (aka Ansarallah) forces are organized into combat, presidential protection, special forces, and tribal/militia/paramilitary brigades and independent battalions; the Houthis also have UAV and missile units, as well as naval forces (mines, anti-ship missiles, and some boats); Iran has provided military and political support to the Houthis; in January 2024, the US Government designated the Houthis as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist group; the designation came after the Houthis began launching attacks against international maritime vessels in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, as well as military forces positioned in the area to defend the safety and security of commercial shipping (2024)"
"text": "government forces under the Yemeni Ministry of Defense are responsible for territorial defense, but also have internal security functions; their main focus has been the Houthi separatists and protecting Yemen’s maritime borders, which are susceptible to smuggling of arms, fighters, and other material support for the Houthis and terrorist groups operating in Yemen, including al-Qa’ida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in Yemen (ISIS-Yemen)<br><br>in 2015, a Saudi-led coalition of Arab states (UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Morocco, Sudan, Kuwait, Jordan and Egypt) intervened militarily in Yemen in support of the Republic of Yemen Government (ROYG) against the separatist Houthis; Saudi military forces conducted operations in Yemen and raised and equipped paramilitary/militia security forces in Yemen based largely on tribal or regional affiliation to deploy along the Saudi-Yemen border; UAE's participation in 2015 included several thousand ground troops, as well as supporting air and naval forces; UAE withdrew its main military force from Yemen in 2019, but has retained a smaller military presence while working with proxies in southern Yemen, most notably the Southern Transitional Council (STC); UAE has recruited, trained, and equipped tens of thousands of Yemeni fighters and formed them into dozens of militia and paramilitary units<br><br>in 2022, the RYOG and the Houthis signed a truce, halting military operations and establishing humanitarian measures; the former front lines of conflict, in some areas mirroring Yemen’s pre -unification borders, remain static; AQAP and ISIS-Yemen have remained active in remote areas <br><br>in January 2024, the US Government designated the Houthis (aka Ansarallah) as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist group; the designation came after the Houthis began launching attacks against international maritime vessels in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, as well as military forces positioned in the area to defend the safety and security of commercial shipping (2024)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {