use universal newlines

europe/ax.json

@@ -1,172 +1,172 @@
-{
-  "Introduction": {
-    "Background": {
-      "text": "By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers - Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The southernmost and smallest of these is the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Western Sovereign Base Area."
-    }
-  },
-  "Geography": {
-    "Location": {
-      "text": "Eastern Mediterranean, peninsula on the southwest coast of Cyprus"
-    },
-    "Geographic coordinates": {
-      "text": "34 37 N, 32 58 E"
-    },
-    "Map references": {
-      "text": "Middle East"
-    },
-    "Area": {
-      "total": {
-        "text": "123 sq km"
-      },
-      "note": {
-        "text": "note: includes a salt lake and wetlands"
-      }
-    },
-    "Area - comparative": {
-      "text": "about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC"
-    },
-    "Land boundaries": {
-      "total": {
-        "text": "48 km"
-      },
-      "border countries": {
-        "text": "Cyprus 48 km"
-      }
-    },
-    "Coastline": {
-      "text": "56.3 km"
-    },
-    "Climate": {
-      "text": "temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters"
-    },
-    "Environment - current issues": {
-      "text": "hunting around the salt lake; note - breeding place for loggerhead and green turtles; only remaining colony of griffon vultures is on the base"
-    },
-    "Geography - note": {
-      "text": "British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus; of the Sovereign Base Area (SBA) land, 60% is privately owned and farmed, 20% is owned by the Ministry of Defense, and 20% is SBA Crown land"
-    }
-  },
-  "People and Society": {
-    "Population": {
-      "text": "approximately 18,195 on the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia including 11,000 Cypriots and 7,195 Service and UK-based contract personnel and dependents (2020)"
-    },
-    "Languages": {
-      "text": "English, Greek"
-    },
-    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
-      "text": "NA"
-    }
-  },
-  "Government": {
-    "Country name": {
-      "conventional long form": {
-        "text": "none"
-      },
-      "conventional short form": {
-        "text": "Akrotiri"
-      },
-      "etymology": {
-        "text": "named for the village that lies within the Western Sovereign Base Area on Cyprus"
-      }
-    },
-    "Dependency status": {
-      "text": "a special form of UK overseas territory; administered by an administrator who is also the Commander, British Forces Cyprus"
-    },
-    "Capital": {
-      "name": {
-        "text": "Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia)"
-      },
-      "geographic coordinates": {
-        "text": "34 40 N, 32 51 E"
-      },
-      "time difference": {
-        "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
-      },
-      "daylight saving time": {
-        "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
-      },
-      "note": {
-        "text": "etymology: \"Episkopi\" means \"episcopal\" in Greek and stems from the fact that the site previously served as the bishop's seat of an Orthodox diocese"
-      }
-    },
-    "Constitution": {
-      "history": {
-        "text": "presented 3 August 1960, effective 16 August 1960 (The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960 serves as a basic legal document)"
-      },
-      "amendments": {
-        "text": "amended 1966"
-      }
-    },
-    "Legal system": {
-      "text": "laws applicable to the Cypriot population are, as far as possible, the same as the laws of the Republic of Cyprus; note - the Sovereign Base Area Administration has its own court system to deal with civil and criminal matters"
-    },
-    "Executive branch": {
-      "chief of state": {
-        "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)"
-      },
-      "head of government": {
-        "text": "Administrator Major General Robert J. THOMSON (since 25 September 2019); note - administrator reports to the British Ministry of Defense; the chief officer is responsible for the day-to-day running of the civil government of the Sovereign Bases"
-      },
-      "elections/appointments": {
-        "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; administrator appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Ministry of Defense"
-      }
-    },
-    "Judicial branch": {
-      "highest courts": {
-        "text": "Senior Judges' Court (consists of several visiting judges from England and Wales)"
-      },
-      "judge selection and term of office": {
-        "text": "see entry for United Kingdom"
-      },
-      "subordinate courts": {
-        "text": "Resident Judges' Court; Courts Martial"
-      }
-    },
-    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
-      "note": {
-        "text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)"
-      }
-    },
-    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
-      "text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)"
-    },
-    "Flag description": {
-      "text": "the flag of the UK is used"
-    },
-    "National anthem": {
-      "note": {
-        "text": "note: as a UK area of special sovereignty, \"God Save the Queen\" is official (see United Kingdom)"
-      }
-    }
-  },
-  "Economy": {
-    "Economy - overview": {
-      "text": "Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Akrotiri. All food and manufactured goods must be imported."
-    },
-    "Exchange rates": {
-      "note": {
-        "text": "note: uses the euro"
-      }
-    }
-  },
-  "Communications": {
-    "Broadcast media": {
-      "text": "British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite TV service as well as BFBS radio broadcasts to the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area"
-    }
-  },
-  "Transportation": {
-    "Airports": {
-      "text": "1 (2020)"
-    },
-    "Airports - with paved runways": {
-      "2,438 to 3,047 m": {
-        "text": "1 (2017)"
-      }
-    }
-  },
-  "Military and Security": {
-    "Military - note": {
-      "text": "defense is the responsibility of the UK; Akrotiri has a full RAF base, headquarters for British Forces Cyprus, and Episkopi Support Unit"
-    }
-  }
+{
+  "Introduction": {
+    "Background": {
+      "text": "By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers - Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The southernmost and smallest of these is the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Western Sovereign Base Area."
+    }
+  },
+  "Geography": {
+    "Location": {
+      "text": "Eastern Mediterranean, peninsula on the southwest coast of Cyprus"
+    },
+    "Geographic coordinates": {
+      "text": "34 37 N, 32 58 E"
+    },
+    "Map references": {
+      "text": "Middle East"
+    },
+    "Area": {
+      "total": {
+        "text": "123 sq km"
+      },
+      "note": {
+        "text": "note: includes a salt lake and wetlands"
+      }
+    },
+    "Area - comparative": {
+      "text": "about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC"
+    },
+    "Land boundaries": {
+      "total": {
+        "text": "48 km"
+      },
+      "border countries": {
+        "text": "Cyprus 48 km"
+      }
+    },
+    "Coastline": {
+      "text": "56.3 km"
+    },
+    "Climate": {
+      "text": "temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters"
+    },
+    "Environment - current issues": {
+      "text": "hunting around the salt lake; note - breeding place for loggerhead and green turtles; only remaining colony of griffon vultures is on the base"
+    },
+    "Geography - note": {
+      "text": "British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus; of the Sovereign Base Area (SBA) land, 60% is privately owned and farmed, 20% is owned by the Ministry of Defense, and 20% is SBA Crown land"
+    }
+  },
+  "People and Society": {
+    "Population": {
+      "text": "approximately 18,195 on the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia including 11,000 Cypriots and 7,195 Service and UK-based contract personnel and dependents (2020)"
+    },
+    "Languages": {
+      "text": "English, Greek"
+    },
+    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
+      "text": "NA"
+    }
+  },
+  "Government": {
+    "Country name": {
+      "conventional long form": {
+        "text": "none"
+      },
+      "conventional short form": {
+        "text": "Akrotiri"
+      },
+      "etymology": {
+        "text": "named for the village that lies within the Western Sovereign Base Area on Cyprus"
+      }
+    },
+    "Dependency status": {
+      "text": "a special form of UK overseas territory; administered by an administrator who is also the Commander, British Forces Cyprus"
+    },
+    "Capital": {
+      "name": {
+        "text": "Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia)"
+      },
+      "geographic coordinates": {
+        "text": "34 40 N, 32 51 E"
+      },
+      "time difference": {
+        "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
+      },
+      "daylight saving time": {
+        "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
+      },
+      "note": {
+        "text": "etymology: \"Episkopi\" means \"episcopal\" in Greek and stems from the fact that the site previously served as the bishop's seat of an Orthodox diocese"
+      }
+    },
+    "Constitution": {
+      "history": {
+        "text": "presented 3 August 1960, effective 16 August 1960 (The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960 serves as a basic legal document)"
+      },
+      "amendments": {
+        "text": "amended 1966"
+      }
+    },
+    "Legal system": {
+      "text": "laws applicable to the Cypriot population are, as far as possible, the same as the laws of the Republic of Cyprus; note - the Sovereign Base Area Administration has its own court system to deal with civil and criminal matters"
+    },
+    "Executive branch": {
+      "chief of state": {
+        "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)"
+      },
+      "head of government": {
+        "text": "Administrator Major General Robert J. THOMSON (since 25 September 2019); note - administrator reports to the British Ministry of Defense; the chief officer is responsible for the day-to-day running of the civil government of the Sovereign Bases"
+      },
+      "elections/appointments": {
+        "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; administrator appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Ministry of Defense"
+      }
+    },
+    "Judicial branch": {
+      "highest courts": {
+        "text": "Senior Judges' Court (consists of several visiting judges from England and Wales)"
+      },
+      "judge selection and term of office": {
+        "text": "see entry for United Kingdom"
+      },
+      "subordinate courts": {
+        "text": "Resident Judges' Court; Courts Martial"
+      }
+    },
+    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
+      "note": {
+        "text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)"
+      }
+    },
+    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
+      "text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)"
+    },
+    "Flag description": {
+      "text": "the flag of the UK is used"
+    },
+    "National anthem": {
+      "note": {
+        "text": "note: as a UK area of special sovereignty, \"God Save the Queen\" is official (see United Kingdom)"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "Economy": {
+    "Economy - overview": {
+      "text": "Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Akrotiri. All food and manufactured goods must be imported."
+    },
+    "Exchange rates": {
+      "note": {
+        "text": "note: uses the euro"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "Communications": {
+    "Broadcast media": {
+      "text": "British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite TV service as well as BFBS radio broadcasts to the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area"
+    }
+  },
+  "Transportation": {
+    "Airports": {
+      "text": "1 (2020)"
+    },
+    "Airports - with paved runways": {
+      "2,438 to 3,047 m": {
+        "text": "1 (2017)"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "Military and Security": {
+    "Military - note": {
+      "text": "defense is the responsibility of the UK; Akrotiri has a full RAF base, headquarters for British Forces Cyprus, and Episkopi Support Unit"
+    }
+  }
 }

europe/dx.json

@@ -1,163 +1,163 @@
-{
-  "Introduction": {
-    "Background": {
-      "text": "By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers - Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The larger of these is the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Eastern Sovereign Base Area."
-    }
-  },
-  "Geography": {
-    "Location": {
-      "text": "Eastern Mediterranean, on the southeast coast of Cyprus near Famagusta"
-    },
-    "Geographic coordinates": {
-      "text": "34 59 N, 33 45 E"
-    },
-    "Map references": {
-      "text": "Middle East"
-    },
-    "Area": {
-      "total": {
-        "text": "131 sq km"
-      },
-      "note": {
-        "text": "note: area surrounds three Cypriot enclaves"
-      }
-    },
-    "Area - comparative": {
-      "text": "about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC"
-    },
-    "Land boundaries": {
-      "total": {
-        "text": "108 km"
-      },
-      "border countries": {
-        "text": "Cyprus 108 km"
-      }
-    },
-    "Coastline": {
-      "text": "27.5 km"
-    },
-    "Climate": {
-      "text": "temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters"
-    },
-    "Environment - current issues": {
-      "text": "netting and trapping of small migrant songbirds in the spring and autumn"
-    },
-    "Geography - note": {
-      "text": "British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus; several small Cypriot enclaves exist within the Sovereign Base Area (SBA); of the SBA land, 60% is privately owned and farmed, 20% is owned by the Ministry of Defense, and 20% is SBA Crown land"
-    }
-  },
-  "People and Society": {
-    "Population": {
-      "text": "approximately 15,500 on the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia including 9,700 Cypriots and 5,800 Service and UK-based contract personnel and dependents"
-    },
-    "Languages": {
-      "text": "English, Greek"
-    },
-    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
-      "text": "NA"
-    }
-  },
-  "Government": {
-    "Country name": {
-      "conventional long form": {
-        "text": "none"
-      },
-      "conventional short form": {
-        "text": "Dhekelia"
-      }
-    },
-    "Dependency status": {
-      "text": "a special form of UK overseas territory; administered by an administrator who is also the Commander, British Forces Cyprus"
-    },
-    "Capital": {
-      "name": {
-        "text": "Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia); located in Akrotiri"
-      },
-      "geographic coordinates": {
-        "text": "34 40 N, 32 51 E"
-      },
-      "time difference": {
-        "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
-      },
-      "daylight saving time": {
-        "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
-      },
-      "note": {
-        "text": "etymology: \"Episkopi\" means \"episcopal\" in Greek and stems from the fact that the site previously served as the bishop's seat of an Orthodox diocese"
-      }
-    },
-    "Constitution": {
-      "history": {
-        "text": "presented 3 August 1960, effective 16 August 1960 (The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, serves as a basic legal document); amended 1966"
-      }
-    },
-    "Legal system": {
-      "text": "laws applicable to the Cypriot population are, as far as possible, the same as the laws of the Republic of Cyprus; note - the Sovereign Base Area Administration has its own court system to deal with civil and criminal matters"
-    },
-    "Executive branch": {
-      "chief of state": {
-        "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)"
-      },
-      "head of government": {
-        "text": "Administrator Major General Robert J. THOMSON (since 25 September 2019); note - administrator reports to the British Ministry of Defense; the chief officer is responsible for the day-to-day running of the civil government of the Sovereign Bases"
-      },
-      "elections/appointments": {
-        "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; administrator appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Ministry of Defense"
-      }
-    },
-    "Judicial branch": {
-      "highest courts": {
-        "text": "Senior Judges' Court (consists of several visiting judges from England and Wales)"
-      },
-      "judge selection and term of office": {
-        "text": "see entry for United Kingdom"
-      },
-      "subordinate courts": {
-        "text": "Resident Judges' Court; military courts"
-      }
-    },
-    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
-      "note": {
-        "text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)"
-      }
-    },
-    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
-      "note": {
-        "text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)"
-      }
-    },
-    "Flag description": {
-      "text": "the flag of the UK is used"
-    },
-    "National anthem": {
-      "note": {
-        "text": "note: as a United Kingdom area of special sovereignty, \"God Save the Queen\" is official (see United Kingdom)"
-      }
-    }
-  },
-  "Economy": {
-    "Economy - overview": {
-      "text": "Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Dhekelia. All food and manufactured goods must be imported."
-    },
-    "Industries": {
-      "text": "none"
-    },
-    "Exchange rates": {
-      "note": {
-        "text": "note: uses the euro"
-      }
-    }
-  },
-  "Communications": {
-    "Broadcast media": {
-      "text": "British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite TV service as well as BFBS radio broadcasts to the Dhekelia Sovereign Base"
-    }
-  },
-  "Transportation": {
-  },
-  "Military and Security": {
-    "Military - note": {
-      "text": "defense is the responsibility of the UK; includes Dhekelia Garrison and Ayios Nikolaos Station connected by a roadway"
-    }
-  }
+{
+  "Introduction": {
+    "Background": {
+      "text": "By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers - Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The larger of these is the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Eastern Sovereign Base Area."
+    }
+  },
+  "Geography": {
+    "Location": {
+      "text": "Eastern Mediterranean, on the southeast coast of Cyprus near Famagusta"
+    },
+    "Geographic coordinates": {
+      "text": "34 59 N, 33 45 E"
+    },
+    "Map references": {
+      "text": "Middle East"
+    },
+    "Area": {
+      "total": {
+        "text": "131 sq km"
+      },
+      "note": {
+        "text": "note: area surrounds three Cypriot enclaves"
+      }
+    },
+    "Area - comparative": {
+      "text": "about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC"
+    },
+    "Land boundaries": {
+      "total": {
+        "text": "108 km"
+      },
+      "border countries": {
+        "text": "Cyprus 108 km"
+      }
+    },
+    "Coastline": {
+      "text": "27.5 km"
+    },
+    "Climate": {
+      "text": "temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters"
+    },
+    "Environment - current issues": {
+      "text": "netting and trapping of small migrant songbirds in the spring and autumn"
+    },
+    "Geography - note": {
+      "text": "British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus; several small Cypriot enclaves exist within the Sovereign Base Area (SBA); of the SBA land, 60% is privately owned and farmed, 20% is owned by the Ministry of Defense, and 20% is SBA Crown land"
+    }
+  },
+  "People and Society": {
+    "Population": {
+      "text": "approximately 15,500 on the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia including 9,700 Cypriots and 5,800 Service and UK-based contract personnel and dependents"
+    },
+    "Languages": {
+      "text": "English, Greek"
+    },
+    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
+      "text": "NA"
+    }
+  },
+  "Government": {
+    "Country name": {
+      "conventional long form": {
+        "text": "none"
+      },
+      "conventional short form": {
+        "text": "Dhekelia"
+      }
+    },
+    "Dependency status": {
+      "text": "a special form of UK overseas territory; administered by an administrator who is also the Commander, British Forces Cyprus"
+    },
+    "Capital": {
+      "name": {
+        "text": "Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia); located in Akrotiri"
+      },
+      "geographic coordinates": {
+        "text": "34 40 N, 32 51 E"
+      },
+      "time difference": {
+        "text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
+      },
+      "daylight saving time": {
+        "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
+      },
+      "note": {
+        "text": "etymology: \"Episkopi\" means \"episcopal\" in Greek and stems from the fact that the site previously served as the bishop's seat of an Orthodox diocese"
+      }
+    },
+    "Constitution": {
+      "history": {
+        "text": "presented 3 August 1960, effective 16 August 1960 (The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, serves as a basic legal document); amended 1966"
+      }
+    },
+    "Legal system": {
+      "text": "laws applicable to the Cypriot population are, as far as possible, the same as the laws of the Republic of Cyprus; note - the Sovereign Base Area Administration has its own court system to deal with civil and criminal matters"
+    },
+    "Executive branch": {
+      "chief of state": {
+        "text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)"
+      },
+      "head of government": {
+        "text": "Administrator Major General Robert J. THOMSON (since 25 September 2019); note - administrator reports to the British Ministry of Defense; the chief officer is responsible for the day-to-day running of the civil government of the Sovereign Bases"
+      },
+      "elections/appointments": {
+        "text": "the monarchy is hereditary; administrator appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Ministry of Defense"
+      }
+    },
+    "Judicial branch": {
+      "highest courts": {
+        "text": "Senior Judges' Court (consists of several visiting judges from England and Wales)"
+      },
+      "judge selection and term of office": {
+        "text": "see entry for United Kingdom"
+      },
+      "subordinate courts": {
+        "text": "Resident Judges' Court; military courts"
+      }
+    },
+    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
+      "note": {
+        "text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)"
+      }
+    },
+    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
+      "note": {
+        "text": "none (overseas territory of the UK)"
+      }
+    },
+    "Flag description": {
+      "text": "the flag of the UK is used"
+    },
+    "National anthem": {
+      "note": {
+        "text": "note: as a United Kingdom area of special sovereignty, \"God Save the Queen\" is official (see United Kingdom)"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "Economy": {
+    "Economy - overview": {
+      "text": "Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Dhekelia. All food and manufactured goods must be imported."
+    },
+    "Industries": {
+      "text": "none"
+    },
+    "Exchange rates": {
+      "note": {
+        "text": "note: uses the euro"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "Communications": {
+    "Broadcast media": {
+      "text": "British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite TV service as well as BFBS radio broadcasts to the Dhekelia Sovereign Base"
+    }
+  },
+  "Transportation": {
+  },
+  "Military and Security": {
+    "Military - note": {
+      "text": "defense is the responsibility of the UK; includes Dhekelia Garrison and Ayios Nikolaos Station connected by a roadway"
+    }
+  }
 }

europe/jn.json

@@ -1,166 +1,166 @@
-{
-  "Introduction": {
-    "Background": {
-      "text": "This desolate, arctic, mountainous island was named after a Dutch whaling captain who indisputably discovered it in 1614 (earlier claims are inconclusive). Visited only occasionally by seal hunters and trappers over the following centuries, the island came under Norwegian sovereignty in 1929. The long dormant Beerenberg volcano, the northernmost active volcano on earth, resumed activity in 1970 and the most recent eruption occurred in 1985."
-    }
-  },
-  "Geography": {
-    "Location": {
-      "text": "Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland"
-    },
-    "Geographic coordinates": {
-      "text": "71 00 N, 8 00 W"
-    },
-    "Map references": {
-      "text": "Arctic Region"
-    },
-    "Area": {
-      "total": {
-        "text": "377 sq km"
-      },
-      "land": {
-        "text": "377 sq km"
-      },
-      "water": {
-        "text": "0 sq km"
-      }
-    },
-    "Area - comparative": {
-      "text": "slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC"
-    },
-    "Land boundaries": {
-      "text": "0 km"
-    },
-    "Coastline": {
-      "text": "124.1 km"
-    },
-    "Maritime claims": {
-      "territorial sea": {
-        "text": "12 nm"
-      },
-      "exclusive economic zone": {
-        "text": "200 nm"
-      },
-      "contiguous zone": {
-        "text": "24 nm"
-      },
-      "continental shelf": {
-        "text": "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation"
-      }
-    },
-    "Climate": {
-      "text": "arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog"
-    },
-    "Terrain": {
-      "text": "volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers"
-    },
-    "Elevation": {
-      "lowest point": {
-        "text": "Norwegian Sea 0 m"
-      },
-      "highest point": {
-        "text": "Haakon VII Toppen on Beerenberg 2,277"
-      },
-      "note": {
-        "text": "note: Beerenberg volcano has numerous peaks; the highest point on the volcano rim is named Haakon VII Toppen, after Norway's first king following the reestablishment of Norwegian independence in 1905"
-      }
-    },
-    "Natural resources": {
-      "text": "none"
-    },
-    "Land use": {
-      "agricultural land": {
-        "text": "0% (2011 est.)"
-      },
-      "arable land / permanent crops / permanent pasture": {
-        "text": "0% (2011 est.) / 0% (2011 est.) / 0% (2011 est.)"
-      },
-      "forest": {
-        "text": "0% (2011 est.)"
-      },
-      "other": {
-        "text": "100% (2011 est.)"
-      }
-    },
-    "Irrigated land": {
-      "text": "0 sq km (2012)"
-    },
-    "Natural hazards": {
-      "text": "dominated by the volcano Beerenberg ++ volcanism: Beerenberg (2,227 m) is Norway's only active volcano; volcanic activity resumed in 1970; the most recent eruption occurred in 1985"
-    },
-    "Environment - current issues": {
-      "text": "pollutants transported from southerly latitudes by winds, ocean currents, and rivers accumulate in the food chains of native animals; climate change"
-    },
-    "Geography - note": {
-      "text": "barren volcanic spoon-shaped island with some moss and grass flora; island consists of two parts: a larger northeast Nord-Jan (the spoon \"bowl\") and the smaller Sor-Jan (the \"handle\"), linked by a 2.5 km-wide isthmus (the \"stem\") with two large lakes, Sorlaguna (South Lagoon) and Nordlaguna (North Lagoon)"
-    }
-  },
-  "People and Society": {
-    "Population": {
-      "text": "no indigenous inhabitants",
-      "note": {
-        "text": "note: military personnel operate the the weather and coastal services radio station"
-      }
-    }
-  },
-  "Government": {
-    "Country name": {
-      "conventional long form": {
-        "text": "none"
-      },
-      "conventional short form": {
-        "text": "Jan Mayen"
-      },
-      "etymology": {
-        "text": "named after Dutch Captain Jan Jacobszoon MAY, one of the first explorers to reach the island in 1614"
-      }
-    },
-    "Dependency status": {
-      "text": "territory of Norway; since August 1994, administered from Oslo through the county governor (fylkesmann) of Nordland; however, authority has been delegated to a station commander of the Norwegian Defense Communication Service; in 2010, Norway designated the majority of Jan Mayen as a nature reserve"
-    },
-    "Legal system": {
-      "text": "the laws of Norway apply where applicable "
-    },
-    "Flag description": {
-      "text": "the flag of Norway is used"
-    }
-  },
-  "Economy": {
-    "Economy - overview": {
-      "text": "Jan Mayen is a volcanic island with no exploitable natural resources, although surrounding waters contain substantial fish stocks and potential untapped petroleum resources. Economic activity is limited to providing services for employees of Norway's radio and meteorological stations on the island."
-    }
-  },
-  "Communications": {
-    "Broadcast media": {
-      "text": "a coastal radio station has been remotely operated since 1994"
-    }
-  },
-  "Transportation": {
-    "Airports": {
-      "text": "1 (2013)"
-    },
-    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
-      "total": {
-        "text": "1 (2013)"
-      },
-      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
-        "text": "1 (2013)"
-      }
-    },
-    "Ports and terminals": {
-      "note": {
-        "text": "none; offshore anchorage only"
-      }
-    }
-  },
-  "Military and Security": {
-    "Military - note": {
-      "text": "defense is the responsibility of Norway"
-    }
-  },
-  "Transnational Issues": {
-    "Disputes - international": {
-      "text": "none"
-    }
-  }
+{
+  "Introduction": {
+    "Background": {
+      "text": "This desolate, arctic, mountainous island was named after a Dutch whaling captain who indisputably discovered it in 1614 (earlier claims are inconclusive). Visited only occasionally by seal hunters and trappers over the following centuries, the island came under Norwegian sovereignty in 1929. The long dormant Beerenberg volcano, the northernmost active volcano on earth, resumed activity in 1970 and the most recent eruption occurred in 1985."
+    }
+  },
+  "Geography": {
+    "Location": {
+      "text": "Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland"
+    },
+    "Geographic coordinates": {
+      "text": "71 00 N, 8 00 W"
+    },
+    "Map references": {
+      "text": "Arctic Region"
+    },
+    "Area": {
+      "total": {
+        "text": "377 sq km"
+      },
+      "land": {
+        "text": "377 sq km"
+      },
+      "water": {
+        "text": "0 sq km"
+      }
+    },
+    "Area - comparative": {
+      "text": "slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC"
+    },
+    "Land boundaries": {
+      "text": "0 km"
+    },
+    "Coastline": {
+      "text": "124.1 km"
+    },
+    "Maritime claims": {
+      "territorial sea": {
+        "text": "12 nm"
+      },
+      "exclusive economic zone": {
+        "text": "200 nm"
+      },
+      "contiguous zone": {
+        "text": "24 nm"
+      },
+      "continental shelf": {
+        "text": "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation"
+      }
+    },
+    "Climate": {
+      "text": "arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog"
+    },
+    "Terrain": {
+      "text": "volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers"
+    },
+    "Elevation": {
+      "lowest point": {
+        "text": "Norwegian Sea 0 m"
+      },
+      "highest point": {
+        "text": "Haakon VII Toppen on Beerenberg 2,277"
+      },
+      "note": {
+        "text": "note: Beerenberg volcano has numerous peaks; the highest point on the volcano rim is named Haakon VII Toppen, after Norway's first king following the reestablishment of Norwegian independence in 1905"
+      }
+    },
+    "Natural resources": {
+      "text": "none"
+    },
+    "Land use": {
+      "agricultural land": {
+        "text": "0% (2011 est.)"
+      },
+      "arable land / permanent crops / permanent pasture": {
+        "text": "0% (2011 est.) / 0% (2011 est.) / 0% (2011 est.)"
+      },
+      "forest": {
+        "text": "0% (2011 est.)"
+      },
+      "other": {
+        "text": "100% (2011 est.)"
+      }
+    },
+    "Irrigated land": {
+      "text": "0 sq km (2012)"
+    },
+    "Natural hazards": {
+      "text": "dominated by the volcano Beerenberg ++ volcanism: Beerenberg (2,227 m) is Norway's only active volcano; volcanic activity resumed in 1970; the most recent eruption occurred in 1985"
+    },
+    "Environment - current issues": {
+      "text": "pollutants transported from southerly latitudes by winds, ocean currents, and rivers accumulate in the food chains of native animals; climate change"
+    },
+    "Geography - note": {
+      "text": "barren volcanic spoon-shaped island with some moss and grass flora; island consists of two parts: a larger northeast Nord-Jan (the spoon \"bowl\") and the smaller Sor-Jan (the \"handle\"), linked by a 2.5 km-wide isthmus (the \"stem\") with two large lakes, Sorlaguna (South Lagoon) and Nordlaguna (North Lagoon)"
+    }
+  },
+  "People and Society": {
+    "Population": {
+      "text": "no indigenous inhabitants",
+      "note": {
+        "text": "note: military personnel operate the the weather and coastal services radio station"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "Government": {
+    "Country name": {
+      "conventional long form": {
+        "text": "none"
+      },
+      "conventional short form": {
+        "text": "Jan Mayen"
+      },
+      "etymology": {
+        "text": "named after Dutch Captain Jan Jacobszoon MAY, one of the first explorers to reach the island in 1614"
+      }
+    },
+    "Dependency status": {
+      "text": "territory of Norway; since August 1994, administered from Oslo through the county governor (fylkesmann) of Nordland; however, authority has been delegated to a station commander of the Norwegian Defense Communication Service; in 2010, Norway designated the majority of Jan Mayen as a nature reserve"
+    },
+    "Legal system": {
+      "text": "the laws of Norway apply where applicable "
+    },
+    "Flag description": {
+      "text": "the flag of Norway is used"
+    }
+  },
+  "Economy": {
+    "Economy - overview": {
+      "text": "Jan Mayen is a volcanic island with no exploitable natural resources, although surrounding waters contain substantial fish stocks and potential untapped petroleum resources. Economic activity is limited to providing services for employees of Norway's radio and meteorological stations on the island."
+    }
+  },
+  "Communications": {
+    "Broadcast media": {
+      "text": "a coastal radio station has been remotely operated since 1994"
+    }
+  },
+  "Transportation": {
+    "Airports": {
+      "text": "1 (2013)"
+    },
+    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
+      "total": {
+        "text": "1 (2013)"
+      },
+      "1,524 to 2,437 m": {
+        "text": "1 (2013)"
+      }
+    },
+    "Ports and terminals": {
+      "note": {
+        "text": "none; offshore anchorage only"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "Military and Security": {
+    "Military - note": {
+      "text": "defense is the responsibility of Norway"
+    }
+  },
+  "Transnational Issues": {
+    "Disputes - international": {
+      "text": "none"
+    }
+  }
 }

europe/sv.json

@@ -1,381 +1,381 @@
-{
-  "Introduction": {
-    "Background": {
-      "text": "The archipelago may have been first discovered by Norse explorers in the 12th century; the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was internationally recognized by treaty in 1920, and five years later it officially took over the territory. In the 20th century coal mining started and today a Norwegian and a Russian company are still functioning. Travel between the settlements is accomplished with snowmobiles, aircraft, and boats."
-    }
-  },
-  "Geography": {
-    "Location": {
-      "text": "Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway"
-    },
-    "Geographic coordinates": {
-      "text": "78 00 N, 20 00 E"
-    },
-    "Map references": {
-      "text": "Arctic Region"
-    },
-    "Area": {
-      "total": {
-        "text": "62,045 sq km"
-      },
-      "land": {
-        "text": "62,045 sq km"
-      },
-      "water": {
-        "text": "0 sq km"
-      },
-      "note": {
-        "text": "note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)"
-      }
-    },
-    "Area - comparative": {
-      "text": "slightly smaller than West Virginia"
-    },
-    "Land boundaries": {
-      "text": "0 km"
-    },
-    "Coastline": {
-      "text": "3,587 km"
-    },
-    "Maritime claims": {
-      "territorial sea": {
-        "text": "12 nm"
-      },
-      "contiguous zone": {
-        "text": "24 nm"
-      },
-      "continental shelf": {
-        "text": "extends to depth of exploitation"
-      },
-      "exclusive fishing zone": {
-        "text": "200 nm"
-      }
-    },
-    "Climate": {
-      "text": "arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year"
-    },
-    "Terrain": {
-      "text": "rugged mountains; much of the upland areas are ice covered; west coast clear of ice about half the year; fjords along west and north coasts"
-    },
-    "Elevation": {
-      "lowest point": {
-        "text": "Arctic Ocean 0 m"
-      },
-      "highest point": {
-        "text": "Newtontoppen 1,717 m"
-      }
-    },
-    "Natural resources": {
-      "text": "coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish"
-    },
-    "Land use": {
-      "agricultural land": {
-        "text": "0% (2011 est.)"
-      },
-      "arable land / permanent crops / permanent pasture": {
-        "text": "0% (2011 est.) / 0% (2011 est.) / 0% (2011 est.)"
-      },
-      "forest": {
-        "text": "0% (2011 est.)"
-      },
-      "other": {
-        "text": "100% (2011 est.)"
-      }
-    },
-    "Population distribution": {
-      "text": "the small population is primarily concentrated on the island of Spitsbergen in a handful of settlements on the south side of the Isfjorden, with Longyearbyen being the largest"
-    },
-    "Natural hazards": {
-      "text": "ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic"
-    },
-    "Environment - current issues": {
-      "text": "ice floes are a maritime hazard; past exploitation of mammal species (whale, seal, walrus, and polar bear) severely depleted the populations, but a gradual recovery seems to be occurring"
-    },
-    "Geography - note": {
-      "text": "northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area; Spitsbergen Island is the site of the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, a seed repository established by the Global Crop Diversity Trust and the Norwegian Government"
-    }
-  },
-  "People and Society": {
-    "Population": {
-      "text": "2,926 (July 2019 est.)"
-    },
-    "Ethnic groups": {
-      "text": "Norwegian 58%, foreign population 42% (consists primarily of Russians, Thais, Swedes, Filipinos, and Ukrainians) (2019 est.)",
-      "note": {
-        "text": "note: foreigners account for almost one third of the population of the Norwegian settlements, Longyearbyen and Ny-Alesund (where the majority of Svalbard's resident population lives), as of mid-2019"
-      }
-    },
-    "Languages": {
-      "text": "Norwegian, Russian"
-    },
-    "Population growth rate": {
-      "text": "-0.03% (2014 est.)"
-    },
-    "Population distribution": {
-      "text": "the small population is primarily concentrated on the island of Spitsbergen in a handful of settlements on the south side of the Isfjorden, with Longyearbyen being the largest"
-    },
-    "Sex ratio": {
-      "note": {
-        "text": "NA"
-      }
-    },
-    "Infant mortality rate": {
-      "total": {
-        "text": "NA (2018)"
-      },
-      "male": {
-        "text": "NA"
-      },
-      "female": {
-        "text": "NA"
-      }
-    },
-    "Life expectancy at birth": {
-      "total population": {
-        "text": "NA (2017 est.)"
-      },
-      "male": {
-        "text": "NA"
-      },
-      "female": {
-        "text": "NA"
-      }
-    },
-    "Total fertility rate": {
-      "text": "NA"
-    },
-    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
-      "text": "NA"
-    },
-    "Education expenditures": {
-      "text": "NA"
-    }
-  },
-  "Government": {
-    "Country name": {
-      "conventional long form": {
-        "text": "none"
-      },
-      "conventional short form": {
-        "text": "Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitsbergen, the largest island in the archipelago)"
-      },
-      "etymology": {
-        "text": "12th century Norse accounts speak of the discovery of a \"Svalbard\" - literally \"cold shores\" - but they may have referred to Jan Mayen Island or eastern Greenland; the archipelago was traditionally known as Spitsbergen, but Norway renamed it Svalbard in the 1920s when it assumed sovereignty of the islands"
-      }
-    },
-    "Dependency status": {
-      "text": "territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920), sovereignty was awarded to Norway"
-    },
-    "Government type": {
-      "text": "non-self-governing territory of Norway"
-    },
-    "Capital": {
-      "name": {
-        "text": "Longyearbyen"
-      },
-      "geographic coordinates": {
-        "text": "78 13 N, 15 38 E"
-      },
-      "time difference": {
-        "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
-      },
-      "daylight saving time": {
-        "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
-      },
-      "note": {
-        "text": "etymology: the name in Norwegian means Longyear Town; the site was established by and named after John LONGYEAR, whose Arctic Coal Company began mining operations there in 1906"
-      }
-    },
-    "Independence": {
-      "text": "none (territory of Norway)"
-    },
-    "Legal system": {
-      "text": "the laws of Norway where applicable apply; only the laws of Norway made explicitly applicable to Svalbard have effect there; the Svalbard Act and the Svalbard Environmental Protection Act, and certain regulations, apply only to Svalbard; the Spitsbergen Treaty and the Svalbard Treaty grant certain rights to citizens and corporations of signatory nations; as of June 2017, 45 nations had ratified the Svalbard Treaty"
-    },
-    "Citizenship": {
-      "note": {
-        "text": "see Norway"
-      }
-    },
-    "Executive branch": {
-      "chief of state": {
-        "text": "King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince Haakon MAGNUS (son of the king, born 20 July 1973)"
-      },
-      "head of government": {
-        "text": "Governor Kjerstin ASKHOLT (since 1 October 2015); Assistant Governor Berit SAGFOSSEN (since 1 April 2016)"
-      },
-      "elections/appointments": {
-        "text": "none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice"
-      }
-    },
-    "Legislative branch": {
-      "description": {
-        "text": "unicameral Longyearbyen Community Council (15 seats; members directly elected by majority vote to serve 4-year-terms); note - the Council acts very much like a Norwegian municipality, responsible for infrastructure and utilities, including power, land-use and community planning, education, and child welfare; however, healthcare services are provided by the state"
-      },
-      "elections": {
-        "text": "last held on 7 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)"
-      },
-      "election results": {
-        "text": "seats by party - Conservatives 5, Labor Party 5, Liberals 3, Green Party 2"
-      }
-    },
-    "Judicial branch": {
-      "text": "none; note - Svalbard is subordinate to Norway's Nord-Troms District Court and Halogaland Court of Appeal, both located in Tromso"
-    },
-    "Political parties and leaders": {
-      "text": "Svalbard Conservative Party [Kjetil FIGENSCHOU] ++ Svalbard Green Party [Helga Bardsdatter KRISTIANSEN, Espen Klungseth ROTEVATN] ++ Svalbard Labor Party [Elise STROMSENG] ++ Svalbard Liberal Party [Erik BERGER]"
-    },
-    "International organization participation": {
-      "text": "none"
-    },
-    "Flag description": {
-      "text": "the flag of Norway is used"
-    },
-    "National anthem": {
-      "note": {
-        "text": "note: as a territory of Norway, \"Ja, vi elsker dette landet\" is official (see Norway)"
-      }
-    }
-  },
-  "Economy": {
-    "Economy - overview": {
-      "text": "Coal mining, tourism, and international research are Svalbard's major industries. Coal mining has historically been the dominant economic activity, and the Spitzbergen Treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 45 countries that so far have ratified the treaty equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still engaging in this are Norwegian and Russian. Low coal prices have forced the Norwegian coal company, Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani, to close one of its two mines and to considerably reduce the activity of the other. Since the 1990s, the tourism and hospitality industry has grown rapidly, and Svalbard now receives 60,000 visitors annually. ++ The settlements on Svalbard were established as company towns, and at their height in the 1950s, the Norwegian state-owned coal company supported nearly 1,000 jobs. Today, only about 300 people work in the mining industry. ++ Goods such as alcohol, tobacco, and vehicles, normally highly taxed on mainland Norway, are considerably cheaper in Svalbard in an effort by the Norwegian Government to entice more people to live on the Arctic archipelago. By law, Norway collects only enough taxes to pay for the needs of the local government; none of tax proceeds go to the central government."
-    },
-    "GDP - real growth rate": {
-      "note": {
-        "text": "NA"
-      }
-    },
-    "Labor force": {
-      "text": "1,590 (2013)"
-    },
-    "Budget": {
-      "revenues": {
-        "text": "NA"
-      },
-      "expenditures": {
-        "text": "NA"
-      }
-    },
-    "Taxes and other revenues": {
-      "text": "NA"
-    },
-    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
-      "text": "NA"
-    },
-    "Exports": {
-      "note": {
-        "text": "NA"
-      }
-    },
-    "Imports": {
-      "note": {
-        "text": "$NA"
-      }
-    },
-    "Exchange rates": {
-      "text": "Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar - / 8.308 (2017 est.) / 8.0646 (2016 est.) / 8.0646 (2015) / 8.0646 (2014 est.) / 6.3021 (2013 est.)"
-    }
-  },
-  "Energy": {
-    "Crude oil - production": {
-      "text": "194,300 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
-    },
-    "Crude oil - exports": {
-      "text": "16,070 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
-    },
-    "Crude oil - imports": {
-      "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
-    },
-    "Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
-      "text": "80,250 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
-    },
-    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
-      "text": "4,488 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
-    },
-    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
-      "text": "18,600 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
-    },
-    "Natural gas - production": {
-      "text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
-    },
-    "Natural gas - consumption": {
-      "text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
-    },
-    "Natural gas - exports": {
-      "text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
-    },
-    "Natural gas - imports": {
-      "text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
-    }
-  },
-  "Communications": {
-    "Telecommunication systems": {
-      "general assessment": {
-        "text": "modern, well-developed (2018)"
-      },
-      "domestic": {
-        "text": "the Svalbard Satellite Station - connected to the mainland via the Svalbard Undersea Cable System - is the only Arctic ground station that can see low-altitude, polar-orbiting satellites; it provides ground services to more satellites than any other facility in the world (2018)"
-      },
-      "international": {
-        "text": "country code - 47-790; the Svalbard Undersea Cable System is a twin communications cable that connects Svalbard to mainland Norway; the system is the sole telecommunications link to the archipelago (2019)"
-      },
-      "note": {
-        "text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
-      }
-    },
-    "Broadcast media": {
-      "text": "the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) began direct TV transmission to Svalbard via satellite in 1984; Longyearbyen households have access to 3 NRK radio and 2 TV stations"
-    },
-    "Internet country code": {
-      "text": ".sj"
-    }
-  },
-  "Transportation": {
-    "Airports": {
-      "text": "4 (2013)"
-    },
-    "Airports - with paved runways": {
-      "total": {
-        "text": "1 (2019)"
-      },
-      "2,438 to 3,047 m": {
-        "text": "1"
-      }
-    },
-    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
-      "total": {
-        "text": "3 (2013)"
-      },
-      "under 914 m": {
-        "text": "3 (2013)"
-      }
-    },
-    "Heliports": {
-      "text": "1 (2013)"
-    },
-    "Roadways": {
-      "total": {
-        "text": "40 km (2020)"
-      }
-    },
-    "Ports and terminals": {
-      "major seaport(s)": {
-        "text": "Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden"
-      }
-    }
-  },
-  "Military and Security": {
-    "Military and security forces": {
-      "text": "no regular military forces; military installations prohibited by treaty"
-    },
-    "Military - note": {
-      "text": "Svalbard is a territory of Norway, demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920; Norwegian military activity is limited to fisheries surveillance by the Norwegian Coast Guard"
-    }
-  },
-  "Transnational Issues": {
-    "Disputes - international": {
-      "text": "despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone"
-    }
-  }
+{
+  "Introduction": {
+    "Background": {
+      "text": "The archipelago may have been first discovered by Norse explorers in the 12th century; the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was internationally recognized by treaty in 1920, and five years later it officially took over the territory. In the 20th century coal mining started and today a Norwegian and a Russian company are still functioning. Travel between the settlements is accomplished with snowmobiles, aircraft, and boats."
+    }
+  },
+  "Geography": {
+    "Location": {
+      "text": "Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway"
+    },
+    "Geographic coordinates": {
+      "text": "78 00 N, 20 00 E"
+    },
+    "Map references": {
+      "text": "Arctic Region"
+    },
+    "Area": {
+      "total": {
+        "text": "62,045 sq km"
+      },
+      "land": {
+        "text": "62,045 sq km"
+      },
+      "water": {
+        "text": "0 sq km"
+      },
+      "note": {
+        "text": "note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)"
+      }
+    },
+    "Area - comparative": {
+      "text": "slightly smaller than West Virginia"
+    },
+    "Land boundaries": {
+      "text": "0 km"
+    },
+    "Coastline": {
+      "text": "3,587 km"
+    },
+    "Maritime claims": {
+      "territorial sea": {
+        "text": "12 nm"
+      },
+      "contiguous zone": {
+        "text": "24 nm"
+      },
+      "continental shelf": {
+        "text": "extends to depth of exploitation"
+      },
+      "exclusive fishing zone": {
+        "text": "200 nm"
+      }
+    },
+    "Climate": {
+      "text": "arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year"
+    },
+    "Terrain": {
+      "text": "rugged mountains; much of the upland areas are ice covered; west coast clear of ice about half the year; fjords along west and north coasts"
+    },
+    "Elevation": {
+      "lowest point": {
+        "text": "Arctic Ocean 0 m"
+      },
+      "highest point": {
+        "text": "Newtontoppen 1,717 m"
+      }
+    },
+    "Natural resources": {
+      "text": "coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish"
+    },
+    "Land use": {
+      "agricultural land": {
+        "text": "0% (2011 est.)"
+      },
+      "arable land / permanent crops / permanent pasture": {
+        "text": "0% (2011 est.) / 0% (2011 est.) / 0% (2011 est.)"
+      },
+      "forest": {
+        "text": "0% (2011 est.)"
+      },
+      "other": {
+        "text": "100% (2011 est.)"
+      }
+    },
+    "Population distribution": {
+      "text": "the small population is primarily concentrated on the island of Spitsbergen in a handful of settlements on the south side of the Isfjorden, with Longyearbyen being the largest"
+    },
+    "Natural hazards": {
+      "text": "ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic"
+    },
+    "Environment - current issues": {
+      "text": "ice floes are a maritime hazard; past exploitation of mammal species (whale, seal, walrus, and polar bear) severely depleted the populations, but a gradual recovery seems to be occurring"
+    },
+    "Geography - note": {
+      "text": "northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area; Spitsbergen Island is the site of the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, a seed repository established by the Global Crop Diversity Trust and the Norwegian Government"
+    }
+  },
+  "People and Society": {
+    "Population": {
+      "text": "2,926 (July 2019 est.)"
+    },
+    "Ethnic groups": {
+      "text": "Norwegian 58%, foreign population 42% (consists primarily of Russians, Thais, Swedes, Filipinos, and Ukrainians) (2019 est.)",
+      "note": {
+        "text": "note: foreigners account for almost one third of the population of the Norwegian settlements, Longyearbyen and Ny-Alesund (where the majority of Svalbard's resident population lives), as of mid-2019"
+      }
+    },
+    "Languages": {
+      "text": "Norwegian, Russian"
+    },
+    "Population growth rate": {
+      "text": "-0.03% (2014 est.)"
+    },
+    "Population distribution": {
+      "text": "the small population is primarily concentrated on the island of Spitsbergen in a handful of settlements on the south side of the Isfjorden, with Longyearbyen being the largest"
+    },
+    "Sex ratio": {
+      "note": {
+        "text": "NA"
+      }
+    },
+    "Infant mortality rate": {
+      "total": {
+        "text": "NA (2018)"
+      },
+      "male": {
+        "text": "NA"
+      },
+      "female": {
+        "text": "NA"
+      }
+    },
+    "Life expectancy at birth": {
+      "total population": {
+        "text": "NA (2017 est.)"
+      },
+      "male": {
+        "text": "NA"
+      },
+      "female": {
+        "text": "NA"
+      }
+    },
+    "Total fertility rate": {
+      "text": "NA"
+    },
+    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
+      "text": "NA"
+    },
+    "Education expenditures": {
+      "text": "NA"
+    }
+  },
+  "Government": {
+    "Country name": {
+      "conventional long form": {
+        "text": "none"
+      },
+      "conventional short form": {
+        "text": "Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitsbergen, the largest island in the archipelago)"
+      },
+      "etymology": {
+        "text": "12th century Norse accounts speak of the discovery of a \"Svalbard\" - literally \"cold shores\" - but they may have referred to Jan Mayen Island or eastern Greenland; the archipelago was traditionally known as Spitsbergen, but Norway renamed it Svalbard in the 1920s when it assumed sovereignty of the islands"
+      }
+    },
+    "Dependency status": {
+      "text": "territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920), sovereignty was awarded to Norway"
+    },
+    "Government type": {
+      "text": "non-self-governing territory of Norway"
+    },
+    "Capital": {
+      "name": {
+        "text": "Longyearbyen"
+      },
+      "geographic coordinates": {
+        "text": "78 13 N, 15 38 E"
+      },
+      "time difference": {
+        "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
+      },
+      "daylight saving time": {
+        "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
+      },
+      "note": {
+        "text": "etymology: the name in Norwegian means Longyear Town; the site was established by and named after John LONGYEAR, whose Arctic Coal Company began mining operations there in 1906"
+      }
+    },
+    "Independence": {
+      "text": "none (territory of Norway)"
+    },
+    "Legal system": {
+      "text": "the laws of Norway where applicable apply; only the laws of Norway made explicitly applicable to Svalbard have effect there; the Svalbard Act and the Svalbard Environmental Protection Act, and certain regulations, apply only to Svalbard; the Spitsbergen Treaty and the Svalbard Treaty grant certain rights to citizens and corporations of signatory nations; as of June 2017, 45 nations had ratified the Svalbard Treaty"
+    },
+    "Citizenship": {
+      "note": {
+        "text": "see Norway"
+      }
+    },
+    "Executive branch": {
+      "chief of state": {
+        "text": "King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince Haakon MAGNUS (son of the king, born 20 July 1973)"
+      },
+      "head of government": {
+        "text": "Governor Kjerstin ASKHOLT (since 1 October 2015); Assistant Governor Berit SAGFOSSEN (since 1 April 2016)"
+      },
+      "elections/appointments": {
+        "text": "none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice"
+      }
+    },
+    "Legislative branch": {
+      "description": {
+        "text": "unicameral Longyearbyen Community Council (15 seats; members directly elected by majority vote to serve 4-year-terms); note - the Council acts very much like a Norwegian municipality, responsible for infrastructure and utilities, including power, land-use and community planning, education, and child welfare; however, healthcare services are provided by the state"
+      },
+      "elections": {
+        "text": "last held on 7 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2023)"
+      },
+      "election results": {
+        "text": "seats by party - Conservatives 5, Labor Party 5, Liberals 3, Green Party 2"
+      }
+    },
+    "Judicial branch": {
+      "text": "none; note - Svalbard is subordinate to Norway's Nord-Troms District Court and Halogaland Court of Appeal, both located in Tromso"
+    },
+    "Political parties and leaders": {
+      "text": "Svalbard Conservative Party [Kjetil FIGENSCHOU] ++ Svalbard Green Party [Helga Bardsdatter KRISTIANSEN, Espen Klungseth ROTEVATN] ++ Svalbard Labor Party [Elise STROMSENG] ++ Svalbard Liberal Party [Erik BERGER]"
+    },
+    "International organization participation": {
+      "text": "none"
+    },
+    "Flag description": {
+      "text": "the flag of Norway is used"
+    },
+    "National anthem": {
+      "note": {
+        "text": "note: as a territory of Norway, \"Ja, vi elsker dette landet\" is official (see Norway)"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "Economy": {
+    "Economy - overview": {
+      "text": "Coal mining, tourism, and international research are Svalbard's major industries. Coal mining has historically been the dominant economic activity, and the Spitzbergen Treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 45 countries that so far have ratified the treaty equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still engaging in this are Norwegian and Russian. Low coal prices have forced the Norwegian coal company, Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani, to close one of its two mines and to considerably reduce the activity of the other. Since the 1990s, the tourism and hospitality industry has grown rapidly, and Svalbard now receives 60,000 visitors annually. ++ The settlements on Svalbard were established as company towns, and at their height in the 1950s, the Norwegian state-owned coal company supported nearly 1,000 jobs. Today, only about 300 people work in the mining industry. ++ Goods such as alcohol, tobacco, and vehicles, normally highly taxed on mainland Norway, are considerably cheaper in Svalbard in an effort by the Norwegian Government to entice more people to live on the Arctic archipelago. By law, Norway collects only enough taxes to pay for the needs of the local government; none of tax proceeds go to the central government."
+    },
+    "GDP - real growth rate": {
+      "note": {
+        "text": "NA"
+      }
+    },
+    "Labor force": {
+      "text": "1,590 (2013)"
+    },
+    "Budget": {
+      "revenues": {
+        "text": "NA"
+      },
+      "expenditures": {
+        "text": "NA"
+      }
+    },
+    "Taxes and other revenues": {
+      "text": "NA"
+    },
+    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
+      "text": "NA"
+    },
+    "Exports": {
+      "note": {
+        "text": "NA"
+      }
+    },
+    "Imports": {
+      "note": {
+        "text": "$NA"
+      }
+    },
+    "Exchange rates": {
+      "text": "Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar - / 8.308 (2017 est.) / 8.0646 (2016 est.) / 8.0646 (2015) / 8.0646 (2014 est.) / 6.3021 (2013 est.)"
+    }
+  },
+  "Energy": {
+    "Crude oil - production": {
+      "text": "194,300 bbl/day (2014 est.)"
+    },
+    "Crude oil - exports": {
+      "text": "16,070 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
+    },
+    "Crude oil - imports": {
+      "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
+    },
+    "Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
+      "text": "80,250 bbl/day (2013 est.)"
+    },
+    "Refined petroleum products - exports": {
+      "text": "4,488 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
+    },
+    "Refined petroleum products - imports": {
+      "text": "18,600 bbl/day (2012 est.)"
+    },
+    "Natural gas - production": {
+      "text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
+    },
+    "Natural gas - consumption": {
+      "text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
+    },
+    "Natural gas - exports": {
+      "text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
+    },
+    "Natural gas - imports": {
+      "text": "0 cu m (2013 est.)"
+    }
+  },
+  "Communications": {
+    "Telecommunication systems": {
+      "general assessment": {
+        "text": "modern, well-developed (2018)"
+      },
+      "domestic": {
+        "text": "the Svalbard Satellite Station - connected to the mainland via the Svalbard Undersea Cable System - is the only Arctic ground station that can see low-altitude, polar-orbiting satellites; it provides ground services to more satellites than any other facility in the world (2018)"
+      },
+      "international": {
+        "text": "country code - 47-790; the Svalbard Undersea Cable System is a twin communications cable that connects Svalbard to mainland Norway; the system is the sole telecommunications link to the archipelago (2019)"
+      },
+      "note": {
+        "text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
+      }
+    },
+    "Broadcast media": {
+      "text": "the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) began direct TV transmission to Svalbard via satellite in 1984; Longyearbyen households have access to 3 NRK radio and 2 TV stations"
+    },
+    "Internet country code": {
+      "text": ".sj"
+    }
+  },
+  "Transportation": {
+    "Airports": {
+      "text": "4 (2013)"
+    },
+    "Airports - with paved runways": {
+      "total": {
+        "text": "1 (2019)"
+      },
+      "2,438 to 3,047 m": {
+        "text": "1"
+      }
+    },
+    "Airports - with unpaved runways": {
+      "total": {
+        "text": "3 (2013)"
+      },
+      "under 914 m": {
+        "text": "3 (2013)"
+      }
+    },
+    "Heliports": {
+      "text": "1 (2013)"
+    },
+    "Roadways": {
+      "total": {
+        "text": "40 km (2020)"
+      }
+    },
+    "Ports and terminals": {
+      "major seaport(s)": {
+        "text": "Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "Military and Security": {
+    "Military and security forces": {
+      "text": "no regular military forces; military installations prohibited by treaty"
+    },
+    "Military - note": {
+      "text": "Svalbard is a territory of Norway, demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920; Norwegian military activity is limited to fisheries surveillance by the Norwegian Coast Guard"
+    }
+  },
+  "Transnational Issues": {
+    "Disputes - international": {
+      "text": "despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone"
+    }
+  }
 }

europe/vt.json

@@ -1,411 +1,411 @@
-{
-  "Introduction": {
-    "Background": {
-      "text": "Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid-19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of \"prisoner\" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, threats against minority Christian communities in Africa and the Middle East, the plight of refugees and migrants, sexual misconduct by clergy, international development, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1.3 billion people worldwide profess Catholicism - the world's largest Christian faith."
-    }
-  },
-  "Geography": {
-    "Location": {
-      "text": "Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)"
-    },
-    "Geographic coordinates": {
-      "text": "41 54 N, 12 27 E"
-    },
-    "Map references": {
-      "text": "Europe"
-    },
-    "Area": {
-      "total": {
-        "text": "0 sq km"
-      },
-      "land": {
-        "text": "0.44 sq km"
-      },
-      "water": {
-        "text": "0 sq km"
-      }
-    },
-    "Area - comparative": {
-      "text": "about 0.7 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC"
-    },
-    "Land boundaries": {
-      "total": {
-        "text": "3.4 km"
-      },
-      "border countries": {
-        "text": "Italy 3.4 km"
-      }
-    },
-    "Coastline": {
-      "text": "0 km (landlocked)"
-    },
-    "Maritime claims": {
-      "note": {
-        "text": "none (landlocked)"
-      }
-    },
-    "Climate": {
-      "text": "temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)"
-    },
-    "Terrain": {
-      "text": "urban; low hill"
-    },
-    "Elevation": {
-      "lowest point": {
-        "text": "Saint Peter's Square 19 m"
-      },
-      "highest point": {
-        "text": "Vatican Gardens (Vatican Hill) 78 m"
-      }
-    },
-    "Natural resources": {
-      "text": "none"
-    },
-    "Land use": {
-      "agricultural land": {
-        "text": "0% (2011 est.)"
-      },
-      "arable land / permanent crops / permanent pasture": {
-        "text": "0% (2011 est.) / 0% (2011 est.) / 0% (2011 est.)"
-      },
-      "forest": {
-        "text": "0% (2011 est.)"
-      },
-      "other": {
-        "text": "100% (2011 est.)"
-      }
-    },
-    "Natural hazards": {
-      "text": "occasional earthquakes"
-    },
-    "Environment - current issues": {
-      "text": "some air pollution from the surrounding city of Rome"
-    },
-    "Environment - international agreements": {
-      "party to": {
-        "text": "Ozone Layer Protection"
-      },
-      "signed, but not ratified": {
-        "text": "Air Pollution, Environmental Modification"
-      }
-    },
-    "Geography - note": {
-      "text": "landlocked; an enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; beyond the territorial boundary of Vatican City, the Lateran Treaty of 1929 grants the Holy See extraterritorial authority over 23 sites in Rome and five outside of Rome, including the Pontifical Palace at Castel Gandolfo (the Pope's summer residence)"
-    }
-  },
-  "People and Society": {
-    "Population": {
-      "text": "1,000 (2019 est.)"
-    },
-    "Nationality": {
-      "noun": {
-        "text": "none"
-      },
-      "adjective": {
-        "text": "none"
-      }
-    },
-    "Ethnic groups": {
-      "text": "Italian, Swiss, Argentinian, and other nationalities from around the world (2017)"
-    },
-    "Languages": {
-      "text": "Italian, Latin, French, various other languages"
-    },
-    "Religions": {
-      "text": "Roman Catholic"
-    },
-    "Population growth rate": {
-      "text": "0% (2014 est.)"
-    },
-    "Urbanization": {
-      "urban population": {
-        "text": "100% of total population (2020)"
-      },
-      "rate of urbanization": {
-        "text": "-0.05% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)"
-      }
-    },
-    "Major urban areas - population": {
-      "text": "1,000 VATICAN CITY (capital) (2018)"
-    },
-    "Drinking water source": {
-      "improved": {
-        "text": "total: 100% of population"
-      },
-      "unimproved": {
-        "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)"
-      }
-    },
-    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
-      "text": "NA"
-    },
-    "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
-      "text": "NA"
-    },
-    "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
-      "text": "NA"
-    },
-    "Education expenditures": {
-      "text": "NA"
-    }
-  },
-  "Government": {
-    "Country name": {
-      "conventional long form": {
-        "text": "The Holy See (Vatican City State)"
-      },
-      "conventional short form": {
-        "text": "Holy See (Vatican City)"
-      },
-      "local long form": {
-        "text": "La Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano)"
-      },
-      "local short form": {
-        "text": "Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)"
-      },
-      "etymology": {
-        "text": "\"holy\" comes from the Greek word \"hera\" meaning \"sacred\"; \"see\" comes from the Latin word \"sedes\" meaning \"seat,\" and refers to the episcopal chair; the term \"Vatican\" derives from the hill Mons Vaticanus on which the Vatican is located and which comes from the Latin \"vaticinari\" (to prophesy), referring to the fortune tellers and soothsayers who frequented the area in Roman times"
-      }
-    },
-    "Government type": {
-      "text": "ecclesiastical elective monarchy; self-described as an \"absolute monarchy\""
-    },
-    "Capital": {
-      "name": {
-        "text": "Vatican City"
-      },
-      "geographic coordinates": {
-        "text": "41 54 N, 12 27 E"
-      },
-      "time difference": {
-        "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
-      },
-      "daylight saving time": {
-        "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
-      }
-    },
-    "Administrative divisions": {
-      "text": "none"
-    },
-    "Independence": {
-      "text": "11 February 1929; note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Holy See and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over centuries varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to A.D. 754"
-    },
-    "National holiday": {
-      "text": "Election Day of Pope FRANCIS, 13 March (2013)"
-    },
-    "Constitution": {
-      "history": {
-        "text": "previous 1929, 1963; latest adopted 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (Fundamental Law of Vatican City State); note - in October 2013, Pope Francis instituted a 9-member Council of Cardinal Advisors to reform the administrative apparatus of the Holy See (Roman Curia) to include writing a new constitution"
-      },
-      "amendments": {
-        "text": "note - although the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State makes no mention of amendments, Article Four (drafting laws), states that this legislative responsibility resides with the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State; draft legislation is submitted through the Secretariat of State and considered by the pope"
-      }
-    },
-    "Legal system": {
-      "text": "religious legal system based on canon (religious) law"
-    },
-    "International law organization participation": {
-      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
-    },
-    "Citizenship": {
-      "citizenship by birth": {
-        "text": "no"
-      },
-      "citizenship by descent only": {
-        "text": "no"
-      },
-      "dual citizenship recognized": {
-        "text": "no"
-      },
-      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
-        "text": "not applicable"
-      },
-      "note": {
-        "text": "note: in the Holy See, citizenship is acquired by law, ex iure, or by adminstrative decision; in the first instance, citizenship is a function of holding office within the Holy See as in the case of cardinals resident in Vatican City or diplomats of the Holy See; in the second instance, citizenship may be requested in a limited set of circumstances for those who reside within Vatican City under papal authorization, as a function of their office or service, or as the spouses and children of current citizens; citizenship is lost once an individual no longer permanently resides in Vatican City, normally reverting to the citizenship previously held"
-      }
-    },
-    "Suffrage": {
-      "text": "election of the pope is limited to cardinals less than 80 years old"
-    },
-    "Executive branch": {
-      "chief of state": {
-        "text": "Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)"
-      },
-      "head of government": {
-        "text": "Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro PAROLIN (since 15 October 2013); note - Head of Government of Vatican City is President Cardinal Giuseppe BERTELLO (since 1 October 2011)"
-      },
-      "cabinet": {
-        "text": "Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope"
-      },
-      "elections/appointments": {
-        "text": "pope elected by the College of Cardinals, usually for life or until voluntary resignation; election last held on 13 March 2013 (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope); Secretary of State appointed by the pope"
-      },
-      "election results": {
-        "text": "Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO, former Archbishop of Buenos Aires, elected Pope FRANCIS"
-      }
-    },
-    "Legislative branch": {
-      "description": {
-        "text": "unicameral Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State or Pontificia Commissione per lo Stato della Citta del Vaticano (7 seats; members appointed by the pope to serve 5-year terms)"
-      },
-      "elections": {
-        "text": "last held on 11 July 2018"
-      },
-      "election results": {
-        "text": "composition - men 7, women 0"
-      }
-    },
-    "Judicial branch": {
-      "highest courts": {
-        "text": "Supreme Court or Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura (consists of the cardinal prefect, who serves as ex-officio president of the court, and 2 other cardinals of the Prefect Signatura); note - judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio, papal directive, of Pope PIUS XII on 1 May 1946; most Vatican City criminal matters are handled by the Republic of Italy courts"
-      },
-      "judge selection and term of office": {
-        "text": "cardinal prefect appointed by the pope; the other 2 cardinals of the court appointed by the cardinal prefect on a yearly basis"
-      },
-      "subordinate courts": {
-        "text": "Appellate Court of Vatican City; Tribunal of Vatican City"
-      }
-    },
-    "Political parties and leaders": {
-      "text": "none"
-    },
-    "International organization participation": {
-      "text": "CE (observer), IAEA, Interpol, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), SICA (observer), UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, Union Latina (observer), UNWTO (observer), UPU, WIPO, WTO (observer)"
-    },
-    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
-      "chief of mission": {
-        "text": "Apostolic Nuncio Archbishop Christophe PIERRE (since 27 June 2016)"
-      },
-      "chancery": {
-        "text": "3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"
-      },
-      "telephone": {
-        "text": "[1] (202) 333-7121"
-      },
-      "FAX": {
-        "text": "[1] (202) 337-4036"
-      }
-    },
-    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
-      "chief of mission": {
-        "text": "Ambassador Callista GINGRICH (since 22 December 2017)"
-      },
-      "telephone": {
-        "text": "[39] (06) 4674-1"
-      },
-      "embassy": {
-        "text": "American Embassy to the Holy See, Via Sallustiana, 49, 00187 Rome"
-      },
-      "mailing address": {
-        "text": "Unit 5660, Box 66, DPO AE 09624-0066"
-      },
-      "FAX": {
-        "text": "[39] (06) 4674-3412"
-      }
-    },
-    "Flag description": {
-      "text": "two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the arms of the Holy See, consisting of the crossed keys of Saint Peter surmounted by the three-tiered papal tiara, centered in the white band; the yellow color represents the pope's spiritual power, the white his worldly power"
-    },
-    "National symbol(s)": {
-      "text": "crossed keys beneath a papal tiara; national colors: yellow, white"
-    },
-    "National anthem": {
-      "name": {
-        "text": "\"Inno e Marcia Pontificale\" (Hymn and Pontifical March); often called The Pontifical Hymn"
-      },
-      "lyrics/music": {
-        "text": "Raffaello LAVAGNA/Charles-Francois GOUNOD"
-      },
-      "note": {
-        "text": "note: adopted 1950"
-      }
-    }
-  },
-  "Economy": {
-    "Economy - overview": {
-      "text": "The Holy See is supported financially by a variety of sources, including investments, real estate income, and donations from Catholic individuals, dioceses, and institutions; these help fund the Roman Curia (Vatican bureaucracy), diplomatic missions, and media outlets. Moreover, an annual collection taken up in dioceses and from direct donations go to a non-budgetary fund, known as Peter's Pence, which is used directly by the pope for charity, disaster relief, and aid to churches in developing nations. ++ The separate Vatican City State budget includes the Vatican museums and post office and is supported financially by the sale of stamps, coins, medals, and tourist mementos as well as fees for admission to museums and publication sales. Revenues increased between 2010 and 2011 because of expanded operating hours and a growing number of visitors. However, the Holy See did not escape the financial difficulties experienced by other European countries; in 2012, it started a spending review to determine where to cut costs to reverse its 2011 budget deficit of $20 million. The Holy See generated a modest surplus in 2012 before recording a $32 million deficit in 2013, driven primarily by the decreasing value of gold. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome so most public expenditures go to wages and other personnel costs;. In February 2014, Pope FRANCIS created the Secretariat of the Economy to oversee financial and administrative operations of the Holy See, part of a broader campaign to reform the Holy See's finances."
-    },
-    "GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
-      "note": {
-        "text": "NA"
-      }
-    },
-    "Industries": {
-      "text": "printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps; mosaics, staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities"
-    },
-    "Labor force": {
-      "text": "4,822 (2016)"
-    },
-    "Labor force - by occupation": {
-      "note": {
-        "text": "note: essentially services with a small amount of industry; nearly all dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and the approximately 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican"
-      }
-    },
-    "Population below poverty line": {
-      "text": "NA"
-    },
-    "Budget": {
-      "revenues": {
-        "text": "315 million (2013)"
-      },
-      "expenditures": {
-        "text": "348 million (2013)"
-      }
-    },
-    "Taxes and other revenues": {
-      "text": "NA"
-    },
-    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
-      "text": "NA"
-    },
-    "Fiscal year": {
-      "text": "calendar year"
-    },
-    "Exchange rates": {
-      "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)"
-    }
-  },
-  "Communications": {
-    "Telecommunication systems": {
-      "general assessment": {
-        "text": "automatic digital exchange (2018)"
-      },
-      "domestic": {
-        "text": "connected via fiber-optic cable to Telecom Italia network (2018)"
-      },
-      "international": {
-        "text": "country code - 39; uses Italian system"
-      },
-      "note": {
-        "text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
-      }
-    },
-    "Broadcast media": {
-      "text": "the Vatican Television Center (CTV) transmits live broadcasts of the Pope's Sunday and Wednesday audiences, as well as the Pope's public celebrations; CTV also produces documentaries; Vatican Radio is the Holy See's official broadcasting service broadcasting via shortwave, AM and FM frequencies, and via satellite and Internet connections"
-    },
-    "Internet country code": {
-      "text": ".va"
-    },
-    "Communications - note": {
-      "text": "the Vatican Apostolic Library is one of the world's oldest libraries, formally established in 1475, but actually much older; it holds a significant collection of historic texts including 1.1 million printed books and 75,000 codices (manuscript books with handwritten contents); it serves as a research library for history, law, philosophy, science, and theology; the library's collections have been described as \"the world's greatest treasure house of the writings at the core of Western tradition\""
-    }
-  },
-  "Transportation": {
-  },
-  "Military and Security": {
-    "Military and security forces": {
-      "text": "Pontifical Swiss Guard Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera Pontificia); the Gendarmerie Corps of Vatican City is a police force that helps augment the Pontifical Swiss Guard during the Pope's appearances, as well as providing general security, traffic direction, and investigative duties for the Vatican City State (2019)"
-    },
-    "Military service age and obligation": {
-      "text": "Pontifical Swiss Guard Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera Pontificia): 19-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; must be Roman Catholic, a single male, and a Swiss citizen, with a secondary education (2019)"
-    },
-    "Military - note": {
-      "text": "defense is the responsibility of Italy"
-    }
-  },
-  "Transnational Issues": {
-    "Disputes - international": {
-      "text": "none"
-    }
-  }
+{
+  "Introduction": {
+    "Background": {
+      "text": "Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid-19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of \"prisoner\" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, threats against minority Christian communities in Africa and the Middle East, the plight of refugees and migrants, sexual misconduct by clergy, international development, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1.3 billion people worldwide profess Catholicism - the world's largest Christian faith."
+    }
+  },
+  "Geography": {
+    "Location": {
+      "text": "Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)"
+    },
+    "Geographic coordinates": {
+      "text": "41 54 N, 12 27 E"
+    },
+    "Map references": {
+      "text": "Europe"
+    },
+    "Area": {
+      "total": {
+        "text": "0 sq km"
+      },
+      "land": {
+        "text": "0.44 sq km"
+      },
+      "water": {
+        "text": "0 sq km"
+      }
+    },
+    "Area - comparative": {
+      "text": "about 0.7 times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC"
+    },
+    "Land boundaries": {
+      "total": {
+        "text": "3.4 km"
+      },
+      "border countries": {
+        "text": "Italy 3.4 km"
+      }
+    },
+    "Coastline": {
+      "text": "0 km (landlocked)"
+    },
+    "Maritime claims": {
+      "note": {
+        "text": "none (landlocked)"
+      }
+    },
+    "Climate": {
+      "text": "temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)"
+    },
+    "Terrain": {
+      "text": "urban; low hill"
+    },
+    "Elevation": {
+      "lowest point": {
+        "text": "Saint Peter's Square 19 m"
+      },
+      "highest point": {
+        "text": "Vatican Gardens (Vatican Hill) 78 m"
+      }
+    },
+    "Natural resources": {
+      "text": "none"
+    },
+    "Land use": {
+      "agricultural land": {
+        "text": "0% (2011 est.)"
+      },
+      "arable land / permanent crops / permanent pasture": {
+        "text": "0% (2011 est.) / 0% (2011 est.) / 0% (2011 est.)"
+      },
+      "forest": {
+        "text": "0% (2011 est.)"
+      },
+      "other": {
+        "text": "100% (2011 est.)"
+      }
+    },
+    "Natural hazards": {
+      "text": "occasional earthquakes"
+    },
+    "Environment - current issues": {
+      "text": "some air pollution from the surrounding city of Rome"
+    },
+    "Environment - international agreements": {
+      "party to": {
+        "text": "Ozone Layer Protection"
+      },
+      "signed, but not ratified": {
+        "text": "Air Pollution, Environmental Modification"
+      }
+    },
+    "Geography - note": {
+      "text": "landlocked; an enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; beyond the territorial boundary of Vatican City, the Lateran Treaty of 1929 grants the Holy See extraterritorial authority over 23 sites in Rome and five outside of Rome, including the Pontifical Palace at Castel Gandolfo (the Pope's summer residence)"
+    }
+  },
+  "People and Society": {
+    "Population": {
+      "text": "1,000 (2019 est.)"
+    },
+    "Nationality": {
+      "noun": {
+        "text": "none"
+      },
+      "adjective": {
+        "text": "none"
+      }
+    },
+    "Ethnic groups": {
+      "text": "Italian, Swiss, Argentinian, and other nationalities from around the world (2017)"
+    },
+    "Languages": {
+      "text": "Italian, Latin, French, various other languages"
+    },
+    "Religions": {
+      "text": "Roman Catholic"
+    },
+    "Population growth rate": {
+      "text": "0% (2014 est.)"
+    },
+    "Urbanization": {
+      "urban population": {
+        "text": "100% of total population (2020)"
+      },
+      "rate of urbanization": {
+        "text": "-0.05% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)"
+      }
+    },
+    "Major urban areas - population": {
+      "text": "1,000 VATICAN CITY (capital) (2018)"
+    },
+    "Drinking water source": {
+      "improved": {
+        "text": "total: 100% of population"
+      },
+      "unimproved": {
+        "text": "total: 0% of population (2017 est.)"
+      }
+    },
+    "HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
+      "text": "NA"
+    },
+    "HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
+      "text": "NA"
+    },
+    "HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
+      "text": "NA"
+    },
+    "Education expenditures": {
+      "text": "NA"
+    }
+  },
+  "Government": {
+    "Country name": {
+      "conventional long form": {
+        "text": "The Holy See (Vatican City State)"
+      },
+      "conventional short form": {
+        "text": "Holy See (Vatican City)"
+      },
+      "local long form": {
+        "text": "La Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano)"
+      },
+      "local short form": {
+        "text": "Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)"
+      },
+      "etymology": {
+        "text": "\"holy\" comes from the Greek word \"hera\" meaning \"sacred\"; \"see\" comes from the Latin word \"sedes\" meaning \"seat,\" and refers to the episcopal chair; the term \"Vatican\" derives from the hill Mons Vaticanus on which the Vatican is located and which comes from the Latin \"vaticinari\" (to prophesy), referring to the fortune tellers and soothsayers who frequented the area in Roman times"
+      }
+    },
+    "Government type": {
+      "text": "ecclesiastical elective monarchy; self-described as an \"absolute monarchy\""
+    },
+    "Capital": {
+      "name": {
+        "text": "Vatican City"
+      },
+      "geographic coordinates": {
+        "text": "41 54 N, 12 27 E"
+      },
+      "time difference": {
+        "text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
+      },
+      "daylight saving time": {
+        "text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
+      }
+    },
+    "Administrative divisions": {
+      "text": "none"
+    },
+    "Independence": {
+      "text": "11 February 1929; note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Holy See and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over centuries varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to A.D. 754"
+    },
+    "National holiday": {
+      "text": "Election Day of Pope FRANCIS, 13 March (2013)"
+    },
+    "Constitution": {
+      "history": {
+        "text": "previous 1929, 1963; latest adopted 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (Fundamental Law of Vatican City State); note - in October 2013, Pope Francis instituted a 9-member Council of Cardinal Advisors to reform the administrative apparatus of the Holy See (Roman Curia) to include writing a new constitution"
+      },
+      "amendments": {
+        "text": "note - although the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State makes no mention of amendments, Article Four (drafting laws), states that this legislative responsibility resides with the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State; draft legislation is submitted through the Secretariat of State and considered by the pope"
+      }
+    },
+    "Legal system": {
+      "text": "religious legal system based on canon (religious) law"
+    },
+    "International law organization participation": {
+      "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt"
+    },
+    "Citizenship": {
+      "citizenship by birth": {
+        "text": "no"
+      },
+      "citizenship by descent only": {
+        "text": "no"
+      },
+      "dual citizenship recognized": {
+        "text": "no"
+      },
+      "residency requirement for naturalization": {
+        "text": "not applicable"
+      },
+      "note": {
+        "text": "note: in the Holy See, citizenship is acquired by law, ex iure, or by adminstrative decision; in the first instance, citizenship is a function of holding office within the Holy See as in the case of cardinals resident in Vatican City or diplomats of the Holy See; in the second instance, citizenship may be requested in a limited set of circumstances for those who reside within Vatican City under papal authorization, as a function of their office or service, or as the spouses and children of current citizens; citizenship is lost once an individual no longer permanently resides in Vatican City, normally reverting to the citizenship previously held"
+      }
+    },
+    "Suffrage": {
+      "text": "election of the pope is limited to cardinals less than 80 years old"
+    },
+    "Executive branch": {
+      "chief of state": {
+        "text": "Pope FRANCIS (since 13 March 2013)"
+      },
+      "head of government": {
+        "text": "Secretary of State Cardinal Pietro PAROLIN (since 15 October 2013); note - Head of Government of Vatican City is President Cardinal Giuseppe BERTELLO (since 1 October 2011)"
+      },
+      "cabinet": {
+        "text": "Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope"
+      },
+      "elections/appointments": {
+        "text": "pope elected by the College of Cardinals, usually for life or until voluntary resignation; election last held on 13 March 2013 (next to be held after the death or resignation of the current pope); Secretary of State appointed by the pope"
+      },
+      "election results": {
+        "text": "Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO, former Archbishop of Buenos Aires, elected Pope FRANCIS"
+      }
+    },
+    "Legislative branch": {
+      "description": {
+        "text": "unicameral Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State or Pontificia Commissione per lo Stato della Citta del Vaticano (7 seats; members appointed by the pope to serve 5-year terms)"
+      },
+      "elections": {
+        "text": "last held on 11 July 2018"
+      },
+      "election results": {
+        "text": "composition - men 7, women 0"
+      }
+    },
+    "Judicial branch": {
+      "highest courts": {
+        "text": "Supreme Court or Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura (consists of the cardinal prefect, who serves as ex-officio president of the court, and 2 other cardinals of the Prefect Signatura); note - judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio, papal directive, of Pope PIUS XII on 1 May 1946; most Vatican City criminal matters are handled by the Republic of Italy courts"
+      },
+      "judge selection and term of office": {
+        "text": "cardinal prefect appointed by the pope; the other 2 cardinals of the court appointed by the cardinal prefect on a yearly basis"
+      },
+      "subordinate courts": {
+        "text": "Appellate Court of Vatican City; Tribunal of Vatican City"
+      }
+    },
+    "Political parties and leaders": {
+      "text": "none"
+    },
+    "International organization participation": {
+      "text": "CE (observer), IAEA, Interpol, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), SICA (observer), UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, Union Latina (observer), UNWTO (observer), UPU, WIPO, WTO (observer)"
+    },
+    "Diplomatic representation in the US": {
+      "chief of mission": {
+        "text": "Apostolic Nuncio Archbishop Christophe PIERRE (since 27 June 2016)"
+      },
+      "chancery": {
+        "text": "3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"
+      },
+      "telephone": {
+        "text": "[1] (202) 333-7121"
+      },
+      "FAX": {
+        "text": "[1] (202) 337-4036"
+      }
+    },
+    "Diplomatic representation from the US": {
+      "chief of mission": {
+        "text": "Ambassador Callista GINGRICH (since 22 December 2017)"
+      },
+      "telephone": {
+        "text": "[39] (06) 4674-1"
+      },
+      "embassy": {
+        "text": "American Embassy to the Holy See, Via Sallustiana, 49, 00187 Rome"
+      },
+      "mailing address": {
+        "text": "Unit 5660, Box 66, DPO AE 09624-0066"
+      },
+      "FAX": {
+        "text": "[39] (06) 4674-3412"
+      }
+    },
+    "Flag description": {
+      "text": "two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the arms of the Holy See, consisting of the crossed keys of Saint Peter surmounted by the three-tiered papal tiara, centered in the white band; the yellow color represents the pope's spiritual power, the white his worldly power"
+    },
+    "National symbol(s)": {
+      "text": "crossed keys beneath a papal tiara; national colors: yellow, white"
+    },
+    "National anthem": {
+      "name": {
+        "text": "\"Inno e Marcia Pontificale\" (Hymn and Pontifical March); often called The Pontifical Hymn"
+      },
+      "lyrics/music": {
+        "text": "Raffaello LAVAGNA/Charles-Francois GOUNOD"
+      },
+      "note": {
+        "text": "note: adopted 1950"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "Economy": {
+    "Economy - overview": {
+      "text": "The Holy See is supported financially by a variety of sources, including investments, real estate income, and donations from Catholic individuals, dioceses, and institutions; these help fund the Roman Curia (Vatican bureaucracy), diplomatic missions, and media outlets. Moreover, an annual collection taken up in dioceses and from direct donations go to a non-budgetary fund, known as Peter's Pence, which is used directly by the pope for charity, disaster relief, and aid to churches in developing nations. ++ The separate Vatican City State budget includes the Vatican museums and post office and is supported financially by the sale of stamps, coins, medals, and tourist mementos as well as fees for admission to museums and publication sales. Revenues increased between 2010 and 2011 because of expanded operating hours and a growing number of visitors. However, the Holy See did not escape the financial difficulties experienced by other European countries; in 2012, it started a spending review to determine where to cut costs to reverse its 2011 budget deficit of $20 million. The Holy See generated a modest surplus in 2012 before recording a $32 million deficit in 2013, driven primarily by the decreasing value of gold. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome so most public expenditures go to wages and other personnel costs;. In February 2014, Pope FRANCIS created the Secretariat of the Economy to oversee financial and administrative operations of the Holy See, part of a broader campaign to reform the Holy See's finances."
+    },
+    "GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
+      "note": {
+        "text": "NA"
+      }
+    },
+    "Industries": {
+      "text": "printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps; mosaics, staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities"
+    },
+    "Labor force": {
+      "text": "4,822 (2016)"
+    },
+    "Labor force - by occupation": {
+      "note": {
+        "text": "note: essentially services with a small amount of industry; nearly all dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and the approximately 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican"
+      }
+    },
+    "Population below poverty line": {
+      "text": "NA"
+    },
+    "Budget": {
+      "revenues": {
+        "text": "315 million (2013)"
+      },
+      "expenditures": {
+        "text": "348 million (2013)"
+      }
+    },
+    "Taxes and other revenues": {
+      "text": "NA"
+    },
+    "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
+      "text": "NA"
+    },
+    "Fiscal year": {
+      "text": "calendar year"
+    },
+    "Exchange rates": {
+      "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)"
+    }
+  },
+  "Communications": {
+    "Telecommunication systems": {
+      "general assessment": {
+        "text": "automatic digital exchange (2018)"
+      },
+      "domestic": {
+        "text": "connected via fiber-optic cable to Telecom Italia network (2018)"
+      },
+      "international": {
+        "text": "country code - 39; uses Italian system"
+      },
+      "note": {
+        "text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
+      }
+    },
+    "Broadcast media": {
+      "text": "the Vatican Television Center (CTV) transmits live broadcasts of the Pope's Sunday and Wednesday audiences, as well as the Pope's public celebrations; CTV also produces documentaries; Vatican Radio is the Holy See's official broadcasting service broadcasting via shortwave, AM and FM frequencies, and via satellite and Internet connections"
+    },
+    "Internet country code": {
+      "text": ".va"
+    },
+    "Communications - note": {
+      "text": "the Vatican Apostolic Library is one of the world's oldest libraries, formally established in 1475, but actually much older; it holds a significant collection of historic texts including 1.1 million printed books and 75,000 codices (manuscript books with handwritten contents); it serves as a research library for history, law, philosophy, science, and theology; the library's collections have been described as \"the world's greatest treasure house of the writings at the core of Western tradition\""
+    }
+  },
+  "Transportation": {
+  },
+  "Military and Security": {
+    "Military and security forces": {
+      "text": "Pontifical Swiss Guard Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera Pontificia); the Gendarmerie Corps of Vatican City is a police force that helps augment the Pontifical Swiss Guard during the Pope's appearances, as well as providing general security, traffic direction, and investigative duties for the Vatican City State (2019)"
+    },
+    "Military service age and obligation": {
+      "text": "Pontifical Swiss Guard Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera Pontificia): 19-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; must be Roman Catholic, a single male, and a Swiss citizen, with a secondary education (2019)"
+    },
+    "Military - note": {
+      "text": "defense is the responsibility of Italy"
+    }
+  },
+  "Transnational Issues": {
+    "Disputes - international": {
+      "text": "none"
+    }
+  }
 }