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australia-oceania/at.json
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@ -1,149 +1,149 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, became a marine reserve in 2000."
}
},
"Geography": {
"Location": {
"text": "Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island"
},
"Geographic coordinates": {
"text": "12 14 S, 123 05 E"
},
"Map references": {
"text": "Southeast Asia"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"text": "5 sq km"
},
"land": {
"text": "5 sq km"
},
"water": {
"text": "0 sq km"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island"
}
},
"Area - comparative": {
"text": "about eight times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC"
},
"Land boundaries": {
"text": "0 km"
},
"Coastline": {
"text": "74.1 km"
},
"Maritime claims": {
"territorial sea": {
"text": "12 nm"
},
"contiguous zone": {
"text": "12 nm"
},
"continental shelf": {
"text": "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation"
},
"exclusive fishing zone": {
"text": "200 nm"
}
},
"Climate": {
"text": "tropical"
},
"Terrain": {
"text": "low with sand and coral"
},
"Elevation": {
"lowest point": {
"text": "Indian Ocean 0 m"
},
"highest point": {
"text": "Cartier Island 5 m"
}
},
"Natural resources": {
"text": "fish"
},
"Land use": {
"text": "0% (2014 est.)"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards"
},
"Environment - current issues": {
"text": "illegal killing of protected wildlife by traditional Indonesian fisherman, as well as fishing by non-traditional Indonesian vessels, are ongoing problems; sea level rise, changes in sea temperature, and ocean acidification are concerns; marine debris"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983; Cartier Island Marine Reserve established in 2000"
}
},
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "no indigenous inhabitants",
"note": {
"text": "note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island; access to East and Middle Islands is by permit only"
}
}
},
"Government": {
"Country name": {
"conventional long form": {
"text": "Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands"
},
"conventional short form": {
"text": "Ashmore and Cartier Islands"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "named after British Captain Samuel ASHMORE, who first sighted his namesake island in 1811, and after the ship Cartier, from which the second island was discovered in 1800"
}
},
"Dependency status": {
"text": "territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Regional Australia, Local Government, Arts and Sport"
},
"Legal system": {
"text": "the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply"
},
"Citizenship": {
"note": {
"text": "see Australia"
}
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"note": {
"text": "none (territory of Australia)"
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"text": "none (territory of Australia)"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "the flag of Australia is used"
}
},
"Economy": {
"Economy - overview": {
"text": "no economic activity"
}
},
"Transportation": {
"Ports and terminals": {
"note": {
"text": "none; offshore anchorage only"
}
}
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military - note": {
"text": "defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef"
}
}
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, became a marine reserve in 2000."
}
},
"Geography": {
"Location": {
"text": "Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island"
},
"Geographic coordinates": {
"text": "12 14 S, 123 05 E"
},
"Map references": {
"text": "Southeast Asia"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"text": "5 sq km"
},
"land": {
"text": "5 sq km"
},
"water": {
"text": "0 sq km"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island"
}
},
"Area - comparative": {
"text": "about eight times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC"
},
"Land boundaries": {
"text": "0 km"
},
"Coastline": {
"text": "74.1 km"
},
"Maritime claims": {
"territorial sea": {
"text": "12 nm"
},
"contiguous zone": {
"text": "12 nm"
},
"continental shelf": {
"text": "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation"
},
"exclusive fishing zone": {
"text": "200 nm"
}
},
"Climate": {
"text": "tropical"
},
"Terrain": {
"text": "low with sand and coral"
},
"Elevation": {
"lowest point": {
"text": "Indian Ocean 0 m"
},
"highest point": {
"text": "Cartier Island 5 m"
}
},
"Natural resources": {
"text": "fish"
},
"Land use": {
"text": "0% (2014 est.)"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards"
},
"Environment - current issues": {
"text": "illegal killing of protected wildlife by traditional Indonesian fisherman, as well as fishing by non-traditional Indonesian vessels, are ongoing problems; sea level rise, changes in sea temperature, and ocean acidification are concerns; marine debris"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983; Cartier Island Marine Reserve established in 2000"
}
},
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "no indigenous inhabitants",
"note": {
"text": "note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island; access to East and Middle Islands is by permit only"
}
}
},
"Government": {
"Country name": {
"conventional long form": {
"text": "Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands"
},
"conventional short form": {
"text": "Ashmore and Cartier Islands"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "named after British Captain Samuel ASHMORE, who first sighted his namesake island in 1811, and after the ship Cartier, from which the second island was discovered in 1800"
}
},
"Dependency status": {
"text": "territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Regional Australia, Local Government, Arts and Sport"
},
"Legal system": {
"text": "the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply"
},
"Citizenship": {
"note": {
"text": "see Australia"
}
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"note": {
"text": "none (territory of Australia)"
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"text": "none (territory of Australia)"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "the flag of Australia is used"
}
},
"Economy": {
"Economy - overview": {
"text": "no economic activity"
}
},
"Transportation": {
"Ports and terminals": {
"note": {
"text": "none; offshore anchorage only"
}
}
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military - note": {
"text": "defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef"
}
}
}