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11
africa/ag.json
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@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "74.3% of total population (2021)"
"text": "74.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -413,7 +413,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "74.3% of total population (2021)"
"text": "74.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -561,7 +561,7 @@
"text": "<br>Council of the Nation - last held on 29 December 2018 (next NA)<br>National People's Assembly - snap election held on 12 June 2021 (next to be held on 12 June 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Council of the Nation - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 137, women 7, percent of women 5%,<br>National People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 98, MSP 65, RND 58, EL Mostakbel (Future Front) 48, Movement of National Construction 39, other 15, independent 84; composition - men 373, women 34, percent of women 8.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 7.4%"
"text": "<br>Council of the Nation - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 137, women 7, percent of women 5%,<br>National People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 98, MSP 65, RND 58, (Future Front) 48, Movement of National Construction 39, other 15, independent 84; composition - men 373, women 34, percent of women 8.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 7.4%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -1143,7 +1143,8 @@
"text": "the ANP's inventory includes mostly Russian-sourced equipment; since 2010, China, Germany, and Russia are the leading suppliers of armaments to Algeria (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 19-30 years of age for compulsory service (all Algerian men must register at age 17); conscript service obligation reduced from 18 to 12 months in 2014; conscripts comprise approximately 70% of the military (2021)"
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service (including women); 19-30 years of age for compulsory service (all Algerian men must register at age 17); conscript service obligation reduced from 18 to 12 months in 2014 (2021)",
"note": "note - in 2020, conscripts comprised about 70% of the military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the ANP has played a large role in the country’s politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKA’s election in 1999 and remained a center of power during his 20-year rule; the military was instrumental in BOUTEFLIKA’s resignation in 2019 when it withdrew support and called for him to be removed from office</p> <p>in 2021, Algeria had the largest defense budget (approximately $9 billion) and one of the best-equipped militaries in Africa</p> <p>the ANP traditionally has focused on internal stability and on Morocco where relations as of 2021 remained tense over Western Sahara and Algerian accusations that Morocco supports the Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie (MAK), a separatist group in Algeria’s Kabylie region; however, following the Arab Spring events of 2011 and a series of cross-border terrorist attacks emanating from Mali in 2012-2013, particularly the 2013 attack on a commercial gas plant by al-Qa’ida-linked terrorists that resulted in the deaths of 35 hostages and 29 jihadists, it has made a concerted effort to beef up security along its other borders and promote regional security cooperation; since 2013, additional Army and paramilitary forces were deployed to the borders with Tunisia, Libya, Niger, and Mali to interdict and deter cross-border attacks by Islamic militant groups; in addition, Algeria has provided security assistance to some neighboring countries, particularly Tunisia, and conducted joint military/counter-terrorism operations</p>"
@ -1161,7 +1162,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "more than 100,000 (Sahrawi, mostly living in Algerian-sponsored camps in the southwestern Algerian town of Tindouf) (2018); 6,627 (Syria) (2020)"
"text": "more than 100,000 (Sahrawi, mostly living in Algerian-sponsored camps in the southwestern Algerian town of Tindouf) (2018); 6,750 (Syria) (mid-year 2021)"
}
},
"Trafficking in persons": {

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africa/ao.json
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@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "67.5% of total population (2021)"
"text": "68.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "67.5% of total population (2021)"
"text": "68.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "47,216 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,272 (Guinea), 6,357 (Cote d'Ivoire), 5,725 (Mauritania) (2021)"
"text": "37,091 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,272 (Guinea), 6,357 (Cote d'Ivoire), 5,725 (Mauritania) (2021)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

8
africa/bc.json
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@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "2,350,667 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "71.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "72.2% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -414,7 +414,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "71.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "72.2% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1140,7 +1140,7 @@
"text": "the BDF has a mix of foreign-supplied and mostly older weapons and equipment, largely from Europe and the US (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2021)"
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service (men and women); no conscription (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>Bechuanaland/Botswana did not have a permanent military during colonial times, with the British colonial administrators relying instead on small, lightly armed constabularies such as the Bechuanaland Mounted Police, the Bechuanaland Border Police, and by the early 1960s, the Police Mobile Unit (PMU); after independence in 1966, Botswana militarized the PMU and gave it responsibility for the country’s defense rather than create a conventional military force; however, turmoil in neighboring countries and numerous cross-border incursions by Rhodesian and South African security forces demonstrated that the PMU was inadequate for defending the country and led to the establishment of the BDF in 1977; as of 2021, the BDF’s primary missions included securing territorial integrity/border security and internal duties such as disaster relief and anti-poaching</p> <p>as of 2021, the Army was comprised of approximately 4 small combat brigades (2 infantry, 1 light armored, 1 artillery), while the Air Force had 1 fighter/ground attack squadron; Botswana has no navy, but the Army has a marine unit with boats and other river craft for patrolling the country’s numerous waterways, particularly the Chobe River and Okavango swamps</p> <p>Botswana participates in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Standby Force, and in 2021 contributed nearly 300 troops to the SADC’s effort to help the Mozambique Government suppress an insurgency</p>"

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africa/bn.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Present day Benin was the site of Dahomey, a West African kingdom that rose to prominence in about 1600 and over the next two and a half centuries became a regional power, largely based on its slave trade. France began to control the coastal areas of Dahomey in the second half of the 19th century; the entire kingdom was conquered by 1894. French Dahomey achieved independence in 1960; it changed its name to the Republic of Benin in 1975.</p> <p>A succession of military governments ended in 1972 with the rise to power of Mathieu KEREKOU and the establishment of a government based on Marxist-Leninist principles. A move to representative government began in 1989. Two years later, free elections ushered in former Prime Minister Nicephore SOGLO as president, marking the first successful transfer of power in Africa from a dictatorship to a democracy. KEREKOU was returned to power by elections held in 1996 and 2001, though some irregularities were alleged. KEREKOU stepped down at the end of his second term in 2006 and was succeeded by Thomas YAYI Boni, a political outsider and independent, who won a second five-year term in March 2011. Patrice TALON, a wealthy businessman, took office in 2016 after campaigning to restore public confidence in the government.</p>"
"text": "<table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p>Present day Benin is comprised of about 42 ethnic groups, including the Yoruba in the southeast, who migrated from what is now Nigeria in the 12th century; the Dendi in the north-central area, who came from Mali in the 16th century; the Bariba and the Fula in the northeast; the Ottamari in the Atakora mountains; the Fon in the area around Abomey in the south-central area; and the Mina, Xueda, and Aja, who came from Togo, on the coast. The Kingdom of Dahomey emerged on the Abomey plateau in the 17th century and was a regional power for much of the 18th and 19th centuries. Dahomey had an organized domestic economy, international trade with Europeans, and a highly organized military. The growth of Dahomey coincided with the growth of the Atlantic slave trade, and it became known as a major source of enslaved people. France began to control the coastal areas of Dahomey in the second half of the 19th century; the entire kingdom was conquered by 1894. French Dahomey achieved independence in 1960; it changed its name to the Republic of Benin in 1975.</p> <p>A succession of military governments ended in 1972 with the rise to power of Mathieu KEREKOU and the establishment of a government based on Marxist-Leninist principles. A move to representative government began in 1989. Two years later, free elections ushered in former Prime Minister Nicephore SOGLO as president, marking the first successful transfer of power in Africa from a dictatorship to a democracy. KEREKOU was returned to power by elections held in 1996 and 2001, though some irregularities were alleged. KEREKOU stepped down at the end of his second term in 2006 and was succeeded by Thomas YAYI Boni, a political outsider and independent, who won a second five-year term in March 2011. Patrice TALON, a wealthy businessman, took office in 2016; the space for pluralism, dissent, and free expression has narrowed under his administration. Talon won a second term in April 2021.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "13,301,694 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "49% of total population (2021)"
"text": "49.5% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -426,7 +426,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "49% of total population (2021)"
"text": "49.5% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

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africa/by.json
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@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "12,241,065 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "14.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "14.4% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "5.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -429,7 +429,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "14.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "14.4% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "5.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1131,13 +1131,13 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "42,136 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2021)"
"text": "84,701 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2021)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "109,169 (some ethnic Tutsis remain displaced from intercommunal violence that broke out after the 1,993 coup and fighting between government forces and rebel groups; violence since April 2015) (2021)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "974 (2020)"
"text": "767 (mid-year 2021)"
}
},
"Trafficking in persons": {

6
africa/cd.json
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@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "23.8% of total population (2021)"
"text": "24.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.1% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -430,7 +430,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "23.8% of total population (2021)"
"text": "24.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.1% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "374,804 (Sudan), 121,525 (Central African Republic), 35,878 (Cameroon), 19,321 (Nigeria) (2021)"
"text": "374,804 (Sudan), 121,511 (Central African Republic), 35,878 (Cameroon), 19,321 (Nigeria) (2021)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "406,573 (majority are in the east) (2021)"

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africa/cf.json
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@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "5,417,414 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -201,7 +201,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "68.3% of total population (2021)"
"text": "68.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "68.3% of total population (2021)"
"text": "68.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1179,7 +1179,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "28,894 (Central African Republic), 22,100 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers)(2021)"
"text": "28,894 (Central African Republic), 23,745 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers)(2021)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "304,430 (multiple civil wars since 1992) (2021)"

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africa/cg.json
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@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "105,044,646 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "46.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "46.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -437,7 +437,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "46.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "46.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1216,10 +1216,10 @@
"text": "the FARDC is equipped mostly with a mix of second-hand Russian and Soviet-era weapons acquired from former Warsaw Pact nations; most equipment was acquired between 1970 and 2000; in recent years, Ukraine is the largest supplier of arms to the FARDC (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-45 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service; unclear how much conscription is used (2021)"
"text": "18-45 years of age for voluntary (men and women) and compulsory (men only) military service; unclear how much conscription is used (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the modern FARDC was created out of the armed factions of the two Congo wars of 1996-1997 and 1998-2003; as part of the peace accords that ended the last war, the largest rebel groups were incorporated into the FARDC; many armed groups (at least 70 and by some recent estimates more than 100), however, continue to fight; as of 2021, the FARDC was actively engaged in combat operations against numerous armed groups inside the country, particularly in the eastern provinces of Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu, although violence also continues in Maniema, Kasai, Kasai Central, and Tanganyika provinces; the military is widely assessed as being unable to provide adequate security throughout the country due to insufficient training, poor morale and leadership, ill-discipline and corruption, low equipment readiness, a fractious ethnic makeup, and the sheer size of the country and diversity of armed rebel groups</p> <br>MONUSCO, the United Nations peacekeeping and stabilization force in the Democratic Republic of Congo, has operated in the central and eastern parts of the country since 1999; as of August 2021, MONUSCO comprised around 17,000 personnel; MONUSCO includes a Force Intervention Brigade (FIB; 3 infantry battalions, plus artillery and special forces), the first ever UN peacekeeping force specifically tasked to carry out targeted offensive operations to neutralize and disarm groups considered a threat to state authority and civilian security"
"text": "<p>the modern FARDC was created out of the armed factions of the two Congo wars of 1996-1997 and 1998-2003; as part of the peace accords that ended the last war, the largest rebel groups were incorporated into the FARDC; many armed groups (at least 70 and by some recent estimates more than 100), however, continue to fight; as of 2022, the FARDC was actively engaged in combat operations against numerous armed groups inside the country, particularly in the eastern provinces of Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu, although violence also continues in Maniema, Kasai, Kasai Central, and Tanganyika provinces; the military is widely assessed as being unable to provide adequate security throughout the country due to insufficient training, poor morale and leadership, ill-discipline and corruption, low equipment readiness, a fractious ethnic makeup, and the sheer size of the country and diversity of armed rebel groups</p> <br>MONUSCO, the United Nations peacekeeping and stabilization force in the Democratic Republic of Congo, has operated in the central and eastern parts of the country since 1999; as of November 2021, MONUSCO comprised around 17,800 personnel; MONUSCO includes a Force Intervention Brigade (FIB; 3 infantry battalions, plus artillery and special forces), the first ever UN peacekeeping force specifically tasked to carry out targeted offensive operations to neutralize and disarm groups considered a threat to state authority and civilian security"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "217,940 (Central African Republic), 210,969 (Rwanda) (refugees and asylum seekers), 56,539 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 41,834 (Burundi) (2021)"
"text": "212,958 (Central African Republic), 210,969 (Rwanda) (refugees and asylum seekers), 56,341 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 41,031 (Burundi) (2021)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "5.268 million (fighting between government forces and rebels since mid-1990s; conflict in Kasai region since 2016) (2020)"

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africa/cm.json
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@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "28,524,175 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "58.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "58.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -439,7 +439,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "58.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "58.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

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africa/cn.json
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@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "29.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "29.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.97% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -394,7 +394,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "29.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "29.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.97% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

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africa/ct.json
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@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "5,357,984 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "42.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "43.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -413,7 +413,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "42.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "43.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@
"text": "18 years of age for military service; no conscription (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the 2013 coup resulted in the institutional collapse of the FACA; its forces were overwhelmed and forced to flee to neighboring countries; reportedly only 10% of the FACA returned after the coup, and it has struggled to rebuild in the years of instability since; the European Union, France, Russia, the UN, and the US are providing various levels of security assistance <br><br>in 2018, the UN Security Council approved Russian security assistance for the CAR to help train and advise FACA personnel, as well as transport them to operational areas, provide logistical support, and assist with medical evacuation; Russia sent private military contractors, and as of late 2021, there were reportedly as many as 2,300 providing assistance to the FACA, as well as performing other security roles such as guarding mines and government officials; some Russian contractors and the CAR forces they supported have been accused of carrying out indiscriminate killings, using excessive force against civilians, and looting<br><br>the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) has operated in the country since 2014; its peacekeeping mission includes providing security, protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, disarming and demobilizing armed groups, and supporting the country’s fragile transitional government; in November 2019, the UN Security Council extended the mandate of the MINUSCA peacekeeping mission another year; as of August 2021, MINUSCA had about 15,000 total personnel<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in the Central African Republic (EUTM-RCA) has operated in the country since 2016; the EUTM-RCA contributes to the restructuring of the country's military and defense sector through advice, training, and educational programs; as of mid-2021, it had trained 4 territorial infantry battalions (Bataillon d’Infanterie Territorial) and 1 amphibious infantry battalion<br><br> <p> </p>"
"text": "the 2013 coup resulted in the institutional collapse of the FACA; its forces were overwhelmed and forced to flee to neighboring countries; reportedly only 10% of the FACA returned after the coup, and it has struggled to rebuild in the years of instability since; the European Union, France, Russia, the UN, and the US are providing various levels of security assistance <br><br>in 2018, the UN Security Council approved Russian security assistance for the CAR to help train and advise FACA personnel, as well as transport them to operational areas, provide logistical support, and assist with medical evacuation; Russia sent private military contractors, and as of late 2021, there were reportedly as many as 2,300 providing assistance to the FACA, as well as performing other security roles such as guarding mines and government officials; some Russian contractors and the CAR forces they supported have been accused of carrying out indiscriminate killings, using excessive force against civilians, and looting<br><br>the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) has operated in the country since 2014; its peacekeeping mission includes providing security, protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, disarming and demobilizing armed groups, and supporting the country’s fragile transitional government; in November 2019, the UN Security Council extended the mandate of the MINUSCA peacekeeping mission another year; as of November 2021, MINUSCA had about 15,500 total personnel<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in the Central African Republic (EUTM-RCA) has operated in the country since 2016; the EUTM-RCA contributes to the restructuring of the country's military and defense sector through advice, training, and educational programs; as of mid-2021, it had trained 4 territorial infantry battalions (Bataillon d’Infanterie Territorial) and 1 amphibious infantry battalion<br><br> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "5,570 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (2021)"
"text": "5,796 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (2021)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "722,101 (clashes between army and rebel groups since 2005; tensions between ethnic groups) (2021)"

8
africa/cv.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century; Cabo Verde subsequently became a trading center for African slaves and later an important coaling and resupply stop for whaling and transatlantic shipping. The fusing of European and various African cultural traditions is reflected in Cabo Verde&rsquo;s Krioulo language, music, and pano textiles. Following independence in 1975, and a tentative interest in unification with Guinea-Bissau, a one-party system was established and maintained until multi-party elections were held in 1990. Cabo Verde continues to sustain one of Africa's most stable democratic governments and one of its most stable economies, maintaining a currency formerly pegged to the Portuguese escudo and then the euro since 1998. Repeated droughts during the second half of the 20th century caused significant hardship and prompted heavy emigration. As a result, Cabo Verde's expatriate population - concentrated in Boston and Western Europe - is greater than its domestic one. Most Cabo Verdeans have both African and Portuguese antecedents. Cabo Verde&rsquo;s population descends from its first permanent inhabitants in the late 15th-century &ndash; a preponderance of West African slaves, a small share of Portuguese colonists, and even fewer Italians, Spaniards, and Portuguese Jews. Among the nine inhabited islands, population distribution is variable. Islands in the east are very dry and are home to the country's growing tourism industry. The more western islands receive more precipitation and support larger populations, but agriculture and livestock grazing have damaged their soil fertility and vegetation. For centuries, the country&rsquo;s overall population size has fluctuated significantly, as recurring periods of famine and epidemics have caused high death tolls and emigration."
"text": "The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century; Cabo Verde subsequently became a trading center for African slaves and later an important coaling and resupply stop for whaling and transatlantic shipping. The fusing of European and various African cultural traditions is reflected in Cabo Verde&rsquo;s Krioulo language, music, and pano textiles. Following independence in 1975, and a tentative interest in unification with Guinea-Bissau, a one-party system was established and maintained until multi-party elections were held in 1990. Cabo Verde continues to sustain one of Africa's most stable democratic governments and one of its most stable economies, maintaining a currency formerly pegged to the Portuguese escudo and then the euro since 1998. Repeated droughts during the second half of the 20th century caused significant hardship and prompted heavy emigration. As a result, Cabo Verde's expatriate population - concentrated in Boston and Western Europe - is greater than its domestic one. Most Cabo Verdeans have both African and Portuguese antecedents. Cabo Verde&rsquo;s population descends from its first permanent inhabitants in the late 15th-century &ndash; a preponderance of West African slaves, a small share of Portuguese colonists, and even fewer Italians and Spaniards. Among the nine inhabited islands, population distribution is variable. Islands in the east are very dry and are home to the country's growing tourism industry. The more western islands receive more precipitation and support larger populations, but agriculture and livestock grazing have damaged their soil fertility and vegetation. For centuries, the country&rsquo;s overall population size has fluctuated significantly, as recurring periods of famine and epidemics have caused high death tolls and emigration. In November 2021, Jose Maria NEVES was sworn in as Cabo Verde's latest president."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "67.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "67.5% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.83% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -396,7 +396,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "67.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "67.5% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.83% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "115 (2020)"
"text": "115 (mid-year 2021)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

8
africa/dj.json
View file

@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "78.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "78.4% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.56% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -403,7 +403,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "78.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "78.4% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.56% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1111,7 +1111,7 @@
"text": "the International Maritime Bureau&rsquo;s (IMB) Piracy Reporting Center (PRC) received zero incidents of piracy and armed robbery in 2020 for the Horn of Africa; while there were no recorded incidents, the IMB PRC warns that Somalia pirates continue to possess the capacity to carry out attacks in the Somali basin and wider Indian Ocean; in particular, the report warns that, \"Masters and crew must remain vigilant and cautious when transiting these waters.\"; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators, including the use of on-board armed security teams, contributed to the drop in incidents; the EU naval mission, Operation ATALANTA, continues its operations in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean through 2022; naval units from China, India, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, the US, and other countries also operate in conjunction with EU forces; China has established a logistical base in Djibouti to support its deployed naval units in the Horn of Africa"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; 16-25 years of age for voluntary military training; no conscription (2021)"
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service (men and women); 16-25 years of age for voluntary military training; no conscription (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>as of 2021, China, France, Italy, Japan, and the US maintained bases in Djibouti for regional military missions, including counter-terrorism, counter-piracy, crisis response, and security assistance (note – France has multiple bases and hosts troop contingents from Germany and Spain); the EU and NATO have also maintained a presence to support multinational naval counter-piracy operations and maritime training efforts; in 2017, Djibouti and Saudi Arabia announced plans for the Saudis to build a military base there, although no start date was announced</p>"
@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "12,139 (Somalia), 5,666 (Yemen) (2020)"
"text": "5,972 (Yemen) (mid-year 2021); 14,227 (Somalia) (2021)"
}
}
}

10
africa/eg.json
View file

@ -209,7 +209,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "42.9% of total population (2021)"
"text": "43% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.9% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -439,7 +439,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "42.9% of total population (2021)"
"text": "43% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.9% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@
"text": "1,000 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,050 Mali (MINUSMA) (Sep 2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "voluntary enlistment possible from age 16; 18-30 years of age for male conscript military service; service obligation - 14-36 months, followed by a 9-year reserve obligation; active service length depends on education; high school drop-outs serve for the full 36 months, while college graduates serve for lesser periods of time, depending on their education (2021)",
"text": "voluntary enlistment possible from age 16 (men and women); 18-30 years of age for male conscript military service; service obligation - 14-36 months, followed by a 9-year reserve obligation; active service length depends on education; high school drop-outs serve for the full 36 months, while college graduates serve for lesser periods of time, depending on their education (2021)",
"note": "note - over half of the military, as well as a considerable portion of the Central Security Force, is comprised of conscripts"
},
"Military - note": {
@ -1233,10 +1233,10 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "70,022 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (2020); 136,727 (Syria) (refugees), 50,759 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,245 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 19,347 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 15,532 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,449 (Yemen) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,806 (Iraq) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,770 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2021)"
"text": "70,022 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) (mid-year 2021); 136,727 (Syria) (refugees), 50,759 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 20,245 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 19,347 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 15,532 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,449 (Yemen) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,806 (Iraq) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,770 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2021)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "10 (2020)"
"text": "7 (mid-year 2021)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

6
africa/ek.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Equatorial Guinea gained independence in 1968 after 190 years of Spanish rule; it is one of the smallest countries in Africa consisting of a mainland territory and five inhabited islands. The capital of Malabo is located on the island of Bioko, approximately 25 km from the Cameroonian coastline in the Gulf of Guinea. Between 1968 and 1979, autocratic President Francisco MACIAS NGUEMA virtually destroyed all of the country's political, economic, and social institutions before being deposed by his nephew Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO in a coup. President OBIANG has ruled since October 1979. He has been elected several times since 1996, and was most recently reelected in 2016. Although nominally a constitutional democracy since 1991, presidential and legislative elections since 1996 have generally been labeled as flawed. The president exerts almost total control over the political system and has placed legal and bureaucratic barriers that hinder political opposition. Equatorial Guinea experienced rapid economic growth in the early years of the 21st century due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves in 1996. Production peaked in late 2004 and has slowly declined since, although aggressive searches for new oil fields continue. Despite the country's economic windfall from oil production, resulting in massive increases in government revenue in past years, the drop in global oil prices as of 2014 has placed significant strain on the state budget and pushed the country into recession. Oil revenues have mainly been used for the development of infrastructure and there have been limited improvements in the population's living standards. Equatorial Guinea continues to seek to diversify its economy and to increase foreign investment. The country hosts major regional and international conferences and continues to seek a greater role in international affairs, and leadership in the sub-region. <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>Equatorial Guinea gained independence in 1968 after 190 years of Spanish rule; it is one of the smallest countries in Africa consisting of a mainland territory and five inhabited islands. The capital of Malabo is located on the island of Bioko, approximately 25 km from the Cameroonian coastline in the Gulf of Guinea. Between 1968 and 1979, autocratic President Francisco MACIAS NGUEMA virtually destroyed all of the country's political, economic, and social institutions before being deposed by his nephew Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO in a violent coup. President OBIANG has ruled since October 1979. He has been elected several times since 1989, and was most recently reelected in 2016. Although nominally a constitutional democracy since 1991, presidential and legislative elections since 1996 have been considered flawed. The president exerts almost total control over the political system and has placed legal and bureaucratic barriers that hinder political opposition. Equatorial Guinea experienced rapid economic growth in the early years of the 21st century due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves in 1996. Production peaked in late 2004 and has slowly declined since, although aggressive searches for new oil fields continue. Despite the country's economic windfall from oil production, resulting in massive increases in government revenue in past years, generally lower global oil prices since 2014 and depreciating oil fields have placed significant strain on the state budget. While oil revenues have mainly been used for the development of infrastructure, corruption has hindered socio-economic development and there have been limited improvements in the population's living standards. Equatorial Guinea continues to seek to diversify its economy and to increase foreign investment. The country hosts major regional and international conferences and continues to seek a greater role in international affairs, and leadership in the sub-region.</p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "73.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "74% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.62% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -392,7 +392,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "73.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "74% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.62% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

7
africa/er.json
View file

@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "42% of total population (2021)"
"text": "42.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.67% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -400,7 +400,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "42% of total population (2021)"
"text": "42.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.67% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1075,7 +1075,8 @@
"text": "the Eritrean Defense Forces inventory is comprised primarily of older Russian and Soviet-era systems; Eritrea was under a UN arms embargo from 2009 to 2018; from the 1990s to 2008, Russia was the leading supplier of arms to Eritrea, followed by Belarus; in 2019, Eritrea expressed interest in purchasing Russian arms, including missile boats, helicopters, and small arms (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-40 years of age for male and female voluntary and compulsory military service (18-27 for female conscription); 18-month conscript service obligation, which includes 4-6 months of military training and one‐year of military or other national service (military service is most common); note - in practice, military service reportedly is often extended indefinitely (2021)"
"text": "18-40 years of age for male and female voluntary and compulsory military service (18-27 for female conscription); 18-month conscript service obligation, which includes 4-6 months of military training and one‐year of military or other national service (military service is most common); note - in practice, military service reportedly is often extended indefinitely (2021)",
"note": "note - as of 2020, women reportedly made up as much as 30% of the Eritrean military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>in 2020-2021, the Eritrean military assisted the Ethiopian Government in its war with the Tigray regional government, providing ground forces and combat aircraft; information is limited and varied, but the Eritrean military in 2021 reportedly consisted of about 20 Army divisions (approximately 15 light infantry, 4 mechanized, and 1 commando/special operations) while the Air Force had 2 fighter/ground attack squadrons</p>"

6
africa/et.json
View file

@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "110,871,031 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "22.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "22.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -441,7 +441,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "22.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "22.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

10
africa/ga.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>In the 10th century, Muslim merchants established some of The Gambia’s earliest large settlements as trans-Saharan trade hubs. These settlements eventually grew into major export centers sending slaves, gold, and ivory across the Sahara. Between the 16th and 17th centuries, European colonial powers began establishing trade with The Gambia. In 1664, the United Kingdom established a colony in The Gambia focused on exporting enslaved people across the Atlantic. During the roughly 300 years of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, the UK and other European powers may have exported as many as 3 million people from The Gambia.</p> <p>In 1965, The Gambia gained its independence from the UK. Geographically surrounded by Senegal, it formed the short-lived confederation of Senegambia between 1982 and 1989. In 1994, Yahya JAMMEH led a military coup overthrowing the president and banning political activity. JAMMEH won every presidential election until 2016. In December 2016, after 22 years of authoritarian rule, President JAMMEH lost to Adama BARROW during free and fair elections. Due to The Gambia’s poor human rights record under JAMMEH, international development partners had substantially reduced aid to the country. These channels have now reopened under the administration of President BARROW. Since the 2016 election, The Gambia and the US have enjoyed improved relations. US assistance to the country has supported military education and training programs, capacity building, and democracy-strengthening activities.</p> <br> <p> </p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>In the 10th century, Muslim merchants established some of The Gambia’s earliest large settlements as trans-Saharan trade hubs. These settlements eventually grew into major export centers sending slaves, gold, and ivory across the Sahara. Between the 16th and 17th centuries, European colonial powers began establishing trade with The Gambia. In 1664, the United Kingdom established a colony in The Gambia focused on exporting enslaved people across the Atlantic. During the roughly 300 years of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, the UK and other European powers may have exported as many as 3 million people from The Gambia.</p> <p>The Gambia gained its independence from the UK in 1965. Geographically surrounded by Senegal, it formed the short-lived confederation of Senegambia between 1982 and 1989. In 1994, Yahya JAMMEH led a military coup overthrowing the president and banning political activity. He subsequently won every presidential election until 2016, when he lost to Adama BARROW, who headed an opposition coalition during free and fair elections. BARROW won re-election in December 2021. The Gambia is the only member of the Economic Community of West African States that does not have presidential term limits. Since the 2016 election, The Gambia and the US have enjoyed improved relations. US assistance to the country has supported military education and training programs, capacity building, and democracy-strengthening activities.</p> <br> <p> </p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "63.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "63.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -425,7 +425,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "63.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "63.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -558,10 +558,10 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Adama BARROW (since 19 January 2017); Vice President Isatou TOURAY (since 15 March 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
"text": "President Adama BARROW (since 19 January 2022); Vice President Isatou TOURAY (since 15 March 2019); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "President Adama BARROW (since 19 January 2017); Vice President Isatou TOURAY (since 15 March 2019)"
"text": "President Adama BARROW (since 19 January 2022); Vice President Isatou TOURAY (since 15 March 2019)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the president"

6
africa/gb.json
View file

@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "2,284,912 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "90.4% of total population (2021)"
"text": "90.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -407,7 +407,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "90.4% of total population (2021)"
"text": "90.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

10
africa/gh.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first Sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. Ghana endured a series of coups before Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS took power in 1981 and banned political parties. After approving a new constitution and restoring multiparty politics in 1992, RAWLINGS won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996 but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. John KUFUOR of the opposition New Patriotic Party (NPP) succeeded him and was reelected in 2004. John Atta MILLS of the National Democratic Congress won the 2008 presidential election and took over as head of state. MILLS died in July 2012 and was constitutionally succeeded by his vice president, John Dramani MAHAMA, who subsequently won the December 2012 presidential election. In 2016, Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO of the NPP defeated MAHAMA, marking the third time that Ghana&rsquo;s presidency has changed parties since the return to democracy."
"text": "<p>Ghana is a multiethnic country rich in natural resources and is one of the most stable and democratic countries in West Africa. Ghana has been inhabited for at least several thousand years, however, little is known about its early inhabitants. By the 12th century, the gold trade started to boom in Bono (Bonoman) state in what is today southern Ghana, and it became the genesis of Akan power and wealth in the region. Beginning in the 15th century, the Portuguese, followed by other European powers, arrived and contested for trading rights. Numerous kingdoms and empires emerged in the area, among the most powerful were the Kingdom of Dagbon in the north and the Asante (Ashanti) Empire in the south. By the mid-18th century, Asante was a highly organized state with immense wealth; it provided enslaved people for the Atlantic slave trade, and in return received firearms that facilitated its territorial expansion. The Asante resisted increasing British influence in the coastal areas, engaging in a series of wars during the 19th century before ultimately falling under British control. Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first Sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence, with Kwame NKRUMAH as its first leader.<br><br>Ghana endured a series of coups before Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS took power in 1981 and banned political parties. After approving a new constitution and restoring multiparty politics in 1992, RAWLINGS won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996 but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. John KUFUOR of the opposition New Patriotic Party (NPP) succeeded him and was reelected in 2004. John Atta MILLS of the National Democratic Congress won the 2008 presidential election and took over as head of state. MILLS died in July 2012 and was constitutionally succeeded by his vice president, John Dramani MAHAMA, who subsequently won the December 2012 presidential election. In 2016, Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO of the NPP defeated MAHAMA, marking the third time that Ghana’s presidency had changed parties since the return to democracy. AKUFO-ADDO was reelected in 2020. In recent years, Ghana has taken an active role in promoting regional stability and is highly integrated in international affairs.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "32,372,889 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "58% of total population (2021)"
"text": "58.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.06% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -436,7 +436,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "58% of total population (2021)"
"text": "58.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.06% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "6,425 (Cote d'Ivoire) (flight from 2010 post-election fighting) (2021)"
"text": "6,324 (Cote d'Ivoire) (flight from 2010 post-election fighting) (2021)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

6
africa/gv.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Guinea's deep Muslim heritage arrived via the neighboring Almoravid Empire in the 11th century. Following Almoravid decline, Guinea existed on the fringe of several African kingdoms all competing for regional dominance. In the 13th century, the Mali Empire took control of Guinea, encouraging its already growing Muslim faith. After the fall of the West African empires, various smaller kingdoms controlled Guinea. In the 18th century, Fulani Muslims established an Islamic state in central Guinea that represents one of the earliest examples of a written constitution and alternating leadership. While European traders first arrived in the 16th century, it was the French who secured colonial rule in the 19th century.</p> <p>In 1958, Guinea became independent from France, and Sekou TOURE established an authoritarian regime. TOURE ruled until his death in 1984. After TOURE’s death, General Lansana CONTE staged a coup and seized the government. CONTE organized and won presidential elections in 1993, 1998, and 2003. Upon CONTE's death in December 2008, Captain Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seized power, and suspended the constitution. In September 2009, presidential guards opened fire on an opposition rally, killing more than 150 people. In early December 2009, CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and exiled to Burkina Faso. In 2010 and 2013 respectively, the country held its first free and fair presidential and legislative elections. Alpha CONDE won the 2010 and 2015 presidential elections. CONDE's first cabinet was the first all-civilian government in Guinean history. In March 2020, Guinea passed a constitutional referendum that extended presidential terms and reset CONDE’s term count, and later that year, Alpha CONDE won a controversial third presidential term. On 5 September 2021, Col Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup by a National Committee of Rally and Development that arrested President CONDE, suspended the constitution, and dissolved the government. DOUMBOUYA is declared President on 17 September 2021. A charter of transition, issued in late September, made DOUMBOUYA transitional president for an undefined period, and on 1 October 2021, he was formally sworn in.  </p> <p><br><br><br><br></p>"
"text": "<p>Guinea's deep Muslim heritage arrived via the neighboring Almoravid Empire in the 11th century. Following Almoravid decline, Guinea existed on the fringe of several African kingdoms, all competing for regional dominance. In the 13th century, the Mali Empire took control of Guinea, encouraging its already growing Muslim faith. After the fall of the West African empires, various smaller kingdoms controlled Guinea. In the 18th century, Fulani Muslims established an Islamic state in central Guinea that represents one of the earliest examples of a written constitution and alternating leadership. While European traders first arrived in the 16th century, it was the French who secured colonial rule in the 19th century.</p> <p>In 1958, Guinea achieved independence from France. Sekou TOURE became Guinea’s first post-independence president; he established a dictatorial regime and ruled until his death in 1984, after which General Lansana CONTE staged a coup and seized the government. He too established an authoritarian regime and manipulated presidential elections until his death in December 2008, when Captain Moussa Dadis CAMARA led a military coup, seized power, and suspended the constitution. In September 2009, presidential guards opened fire on an opposition rally, killing more than 150 people in Conakry, the capital. In early December 2009, CAMARA was wounded in an assassination attempt and exiled to Burkina Faso. In 2010 and 2013 respectively, the country held its first free and fair presidential and legislative elections. Alpha CONDE won the 2010 and 2015 presidential elections. CONDE's first cabinet was the first all-civilian government in Guinean history. In March 2020, Guinea passed a new constitution in a national referendum that changed presidential term limit rules. CONDE argued that, given this change, he was allowed to run for a third term, which he then won in October 2020. On 5 September 2021, Col Mamady DOUMBOUYA led special forces troops in a successful military coup, ousting and arresting CONDE and establishing the National Committee of Rally and Development (CNRD). DOUMBOUYA and the CNRD  suspended the constitution and dissolved the government and the legislature. DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transition president on 1 October 2021, and appointed Mohamed BEAVOGUI as transition prime minister. BEAVOGUI subsequently formed a largely technocratic cabinet. Guinean authorities are attempting to form a National Transition Council, which will act as a transitional legislature.<br><br></p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "37.3% of total population (2021)"
"text": "37.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -430,7 +430,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "37.3% of total population (2021)"
"text": "37.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

10
africa/iv.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Various small kingdoms ruled the area of Cote d'Ivoire between the 15th and 19th centuries, when European explorers arrived and then began to expand their presence. In 1844, France established a protectorate. During this period, many of these kingdoms and tribes fought to maintain their cultural identities - some well into the 20th century. For example, the Sanwi kingdom - originally founded in the 17th century - tried to break away from Cote d’Ivoire and establish an independent state in 1969.  <br><br>After becoming independent in 1960, Cote d’Ivoire took advantage of close ties with France, cocoa production and export, and foreign investment to become one of the most prosperous states in West Africa. In December 1999, however, a military coup overthrew the government. In late 2000, junta leader Robert GUEI held rigged elections and declared himself the winner. Popular protests forced him to step aside and Laurent GBAGBO was elected. In September 2002, Ivoirian dissidents and members of the military launched a failed coup that developed into a civil war. In 2003, a cease-fire resulted in rebels holding the north, the government holding the south, and peacekeeping forces occupying a buffer zone in the middle. In March 2007, President GBAGBO and former rebel leader Guillaume SORO signed an agreement in which SORO joined GBAGBO's government as prime minister. The two agreed to reunite the country by dismantling the buffer zone, integrating rebel forces into the national armed forces, and holding elections. In November 2010, Alassane Dramane OUATTARA won the presidential election, but GBAGBO refused to hand over power, resulting in five months of violent conflict. In April 2011, after widespread fighting, GBAGBO was formally forced from office by armed OUATTARA supporters and UN and French forces. In 2015, OUATTARA won a second term. In October 2020, OUATTARA won a controversial third presidential term, despite a two-term limit in the Ivoirian constitution. In March 2021, the International Criminal Court in The Hague ruled on a final acquittal for GBAGBO, who was on trial for crimes against humanity.  <br> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>Various small kingdoms ruled the area of Cote d'Ivoire between the 15th and 19th centuries, when European explorers arrived and then began to expand their presence. In 1844, France established a protectorate. During this period, many of these kingdoms and tribes fought to maintain their cultural identities - some well into the 20th century. For example, the Sanwi kingdom - originally founded in the 17th century - tried to break away from Cote d’Ivoire and establish an independent state in 1969.  <br><br>Cote d’Ivoire achieved independence from France in 1960 but has maintained close ties with France. The export and production of cocoa and foreign investment drove economic growth that led Cote d’Ivoire to become one of the most prosperous states in West Africa. In December 1999,  a military coup overthrew the government. In late 2000, junta leader Robert GUEI held rigged elections and declared himself the winner. Popular protests forced him to step aside and Laurent GBAGBO was elected. In September 2002, Ivoirian dissidents and members of the military launched a failed coup that developed into a civil war. In 2003, a cease-fire resulted in rebels holding the north, the government holding the south, and peacekeeping forces occupying a buffer zone in the middle. In March 2007, President GBAGBO and former rebel leader Guillaume SORO signed an agreement in which SORO joined GBAGBO's government as prime minister. The two agreed to reunite the country by dismantling the buffer zone, integrating rebel forces into the national armed forces, and holding elections. In November 2010, Alassane Dramane OUATTARA won the presidential election, but GBAGBO refused to hand over power, resulting in five months of violent conflict. In April 2011, after widespread fighting, GBAGBO was formally forced from office by armed OUATTARA supporters and UN and French forces. In 2015, OUATTARA won a second term. In October 2020, OUATTARA won a controversial third presidential term, despite a two-term limit in the Ivoirian constitution, in an election boycotted by the opposition. Through political compromise with OUATTARA, the opposition did participate peacefully in March 2021 legislative elections and won a substantial minority of seats. Also in March 2021, the International Criminal Court in The Hague ruled on a final acquittal for GBAGBO, who was on trial for crimes against humanity, paving the way for GBAGBO’s June 2021 return to Abidjan.  </p> <br> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "28,088,455 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -201,7 +201,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "52.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "52.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -437,7 +437,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "52.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "52.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1212,7 +1212,7 @@
"text": "308,000 (post-election conflict in 2010-11, as well as civil war from 2002-04; land disputes; most pronounced in western and southwestern regions) (2019)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "954,531 (2020); note - many Ivoirians lack documentation proving their nationality, which prevent them from accessing education and healthcare; birth on Ivorian soil does not automatically result in citizenship; disputes over citizenship and the associated rights of the large population descended from migrants from neighboring countries is an ongoing source of tension and contributed to the country's 2002 civil war; some observers believe the government's mass naturalizations of thousands of people over the last couple of years is intended to boost its electoral support base; the government in October 2013 acceded to international conventions on statelessness and in August 2013 reformed its nationality law, key steps to clarify the nationality of thousands of residents; since the adoption of the Abidjan Declaration to eradicate statelessness in West Africa in February 2015, 6,400 people have received nationality papers"
"text": "952,969 (mid-year 2021); note - many Ivoirians lack documentation proving their nationality, which prevent them from accessing education and healthcare; birth on Ivorian soil does not automatically result in citizenship; disputes over citizenship and the associated rights of the large population descended from migrants from neighboring countries is an ongoing source of tension and contributed to the country's 2002 civil war; some observers believe the government's mass naturalizations of thousands of people over the last couple of years is intended to boost its electoral support base; the government in October 2013 acceded to international conventions on statelessness and in August 2013 reformed its nationality law, key steps to clarify the nationality of thousands of residents; since the adoption of the Abidjan Declaration to eradicate statelessness in West Africa in February 2015, 6,400 people have received nationality papers; in September 2020, Cote d'Ivoire adopted Africa's first statelessness determination procedure to regularize the status of stateless people"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

10
africa/ke.json
View file

@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "54,685,051 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -206,7 +206,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "28.5% of total population (2021)"
"text": "29% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -428,7 +428,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "28.5% of total population (2021)"
"text": "29% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1234,13 +1234,13 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "280,479 (Somalia), 135,255 (South Sudan), 30,534 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 20,647 (Ethiopia), 7,203 (Burundi) (2021)"
"text": "280,479 (Somalia), 135,255 (South Sudan), 48,284 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 20,647 (Ethiopia), 7,203 (Burundi) (2021)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "190,000 (election-related violence, intercommunal violence, resource conflicts, al-Shabaab attacks in 2017 and 2018) (2020)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "16,820 (2020); note - the stateless population consists of Nubians, Kenyan Somalis, and coastal Arabs; the Nubians are descendants of Sudanese soldiers recruited by the British to fight for them in East Africa more than a century ago; Nubians did not receive Kenyan citizenship when the country became independent in 1963; only recently have Nubians become a formally recognized tribe and had less trouble obtaining national IDs; Galjeel and other Somalis who have lived in Kenya for decades are included with more recent Somali refugees and denied ID cards"
"text": "16,820 (mid-year 2021); note - the stateless population consists of Nubians, Kenyan Somalis, and coastal Arabs; the Nubians are descendants of Sudanese soldiers recruited by the British to fight for them in East Africa more than a century ago; Nubians did not receive Kenyan citizenship when the country became independent in 1963; only recently have Nubians become a formally recognized tribe and had less trouble obtaining national IDs; Galjeel and other Somalis who have lived in Kenya for decades are included with more recent Somali refugees and denied ID cards"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

9
africa/li.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>With 28 ethnic groups and languages, Liberia is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world. For hundreds of years, the Mali and Songhai Empires claimed most of Liberia. Beginning in the 15th century, European traders began establishing outposts along the Liberian coast. Unlike its neighbors, however, Liberia did not fall under European colonial rule. In the early 19th century, the United States began sending freed enslaved people and other people of color to Liberia to establish settlements. In 1847, these settlers declared independence from the United States, writing their own constitution and establishing Africa’s first republic.</p> <p>Early in Liberia’s history, tensions arose between the Americo-Liberian settlers and the indigenous population. In 1980, Samuel DOE, who was from the indigenous population, led a military coup and ushered in a decade of authoritarian rule. In December 1989, Charles TAYLOR launched a rebellion against DOE's regime that led to a prolonged civil war in which DOE was killed. A period of relative peace in 1997 permitted an election that brought TAYLOR to power. In 2000, fighting resumed. An August 2003 peace agreement ended the war and prompted President TAYLOR’s resignation. TAYLOR was later convicted by the UN-backed Special Court for Sierra Leone in The Hague for his involvement in Sierra Leone's civil war. In late 2005, President Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF became president after two years of transitional governments; she was the first female head of state in Africa. In 2011, JOHNSON SIRLEAF won reelection but struggled to rebuild Liberia's economy, particularly following the 2014-15 Ebola epidemic, and to reconcile a nation still recovering from 14 years of fighting. In 2017, former soccer star George WEAH won the presidential runoff election.</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>With 28 ethnic groups and languages, Liberia is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world. For hundreds of years, the Mali and Songhai Empires claimed most of Liberia. Beginning in the 15th century, European traders began establishing outposts along the Liberian coast. Unlike its neighbors, however, Liberia did not fall under European colonial rule. In the early 19th century, the United States began sending freed enslaved people and other people of color to Liberia to establish settlements. In 1847, these settlers declared independence from the United States, writing their own constitution and establishing Africa’s first republic.</p> <p>Early in Liberia’s history, tensions arose between the Americo-Liberian settlers and the indigenous population. In 1980, Samuel DOE, who was from the indigenous population, led a military coup and ushered in a decade of authoritarian rule. In December 1989, Charles TAYLOR launched a rebellion against DOE's regime that led to a prolonged civil war in which DOE was killed. A period of relative peace in 1997 permitted an election that brought TAYLOR to power. In 2000, fighting resumed. An August 2003 peace agreement ended the war and prompted President TAYLOR’s resignation. TAYLOR was later convicted by the UN-backed Special Court for Sierra Leone in The Hague for his involvement in Sierra Leone's civil war. In late 2005, President Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF became president after two years of transitional governments; she was the first female head of state in Africa. In 2011, JOHNSON SIRLEAF won reelection but struggled to rebuild Liberia's economy, particularly following the 2014-15 Ebola epidemic, and to reconcile a nation still recovering from 14 years of fighting. In 2017, former soccer star George WEAH won the presidential runoff election, marking the first successful transfer of power from one democratically elected government to another since the end of Liberia’s civil wars. Like his predecessor, WEAH has struggled to improve the country’s economy. The next presidential election is scheduled for 2023.</p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "52.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "53.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.41% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)"
@ -414,7 +414,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "52.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "53.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.41% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)"
@ -1122,7 +1122,8 @@
"text": "150 Mali (MINUSMA) (Oct 2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2021)"
"text": "18-35 years of age for voluntary military service (men and women); no conscription (2021)",
"note": "note - as of 2020, women made up about .4% of the active military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the first militia unit established for defense of the colony was raised in 1832; the Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) traces its origins to the 1908 establishment of the Liberia Frontier Force, which became the Liberian National Guard in 1965; the AFL was established in 1970; at the end of the second civil war in 2003, military and police forces were disbanded and approximately 100,000 military, police, and rebel combatants were disarmed; the AFL began to rebuild in 2003 with US assistance and the first infantry battalion of the restructured AFL was re-activated in late 2007; a second battalion was added in 2008</p> <p>the UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) was established in 2003 as a peacekeeping force; at its height, UNMIL was comprised of about 15,000 personnel, including more than 3,000 troops absorbed from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) peacekeeping mission; Liberian forces reassumed full control of the country’s security in June of 2016, and the UNMIL mission was ended in 2018</p> <p>as of 2021, the AFL was comprised mostly of a small ground force consisting of 2 infantry battalions, while the Coast Guard had only a few small patrol boats; the AFL had no aircraft</p>"

6
africa/lt.json
View file

@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "2,177,740 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "29.5% of total population (2021)"
"text": "29.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.77% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -409,7 +409,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "29.5% of total population (2021)"
"text": "29.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.77% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

10
africa/ly.json
View file

@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "81% of total population (2021)"
"text": "81.3% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -377,7 +377,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "81% of total population (2021)"
"text": "81.3% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -504,10 +504,10 @@
"text": "Prime Minister Abdul Hamid DUBAYBAH (since 5 February 2021)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "GNU Presidency Council&nbsp; - consisting of 3 members: Musa al-KONI (representing Libya's south region), Abdullah al-LAFI (representing the west region), and Mohammad Younes MANFI (representing the east region)"
"text": "3-member GNU Presidency Council: Musa al-KONI (representing Libya's south region), Abdullah al-LAFI (representing the west region), and Mohammad Younes MANFI (representing the east region)"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "election originally scheduled for 24 December 2021 postponed until at least late January 2022 due to disagreements among the political factions"
"text": "<p>Libya’s first direct presidential election was scheduled for 24 December 2021</p>"
},
"election results": {
"text": "on 5 February 2021, a UN-led forum elected - in a runoff - Mohammed Al MENFI&nbsp; chairman, Presidential Council and Abdul Hamid DUBAYBAH, prime minister"
@ -526,7 +526,7 @@
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Libya's judicial system is comprised of a supreme court, central high courts (in Tripoli, Benghazi, and Sabha), and a series of lower courts. The judicial system is factious given the ongoing tension between Libya's eastern and western regions. Since 2011, Libyan political factions and armed groups have targeted judges and courthouses."
"text": "Libya's judicial system consists of a supreme court, central high courts (in Tripoli, Benghazi, and Sabha), and a series of lower courts; the judicial system is factious given the ongoing tension between Libya's eastern and western regions; since 2011, Libyan political factions and armed groups have targeted judges and courthouses"
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {

6
africa/ma.json
View file

@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "39.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "39.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.26% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "39.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "39.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.26% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1148,7 +1148,7 @@
"text": "Madagascar has an all-volunteer military; 18-25 years of age for males; service obligation 18 months; women are permitted to serve in all branches (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>one of the military’s duties is assisting the gendarmerie with maintaining law and order in rural areas, particularly in areas affected by cattle rustling and banditry (2021)</p>"
"text": "<p>one of the military’s duties is assisting the gendarmerie with maintaining law and order in rural areas, particularly in areas affected by banditry, cattle rustling (cattle thieves are known as <em>dahalo</em>), and criminal groups (2021)</p>"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

10
africa/mi.json
View file

@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "20,308,502 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "17.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "18% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -430,7 +430,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "17.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "18% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1166,7 +1166,7 @@
"text": "700 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (Oct 2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; high school equivalent required for enlisted recruits and college equivalent for officer recruits; initial engagement is 7 years for enlisted personnel and 10 years for officers (2021)"
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service (men and women); high school equivalent required for enlisted recruits and college equivalent for officer recruits; initial engagement is 7 years for enlisted personnel and 10 years for officers (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>as of 2021, the Malawi Defense Force’s primary responsibility was external security; it was also tasked as necessary with carrying out policing or other domestic activities, such as disaster relief; Malawi contributes regularly to African Union and UN peace support operations</p>"
@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "32,142 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 12,169 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers), 7,407 (Rwanda) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2021)"
"text": "32,451 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 12,169 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers), 7,407 (Rwanda) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2021)"
}
}
}

8
africa/ml.json
View file

@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "44.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "45.4% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -432,7 +432,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "44.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "45.4% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1156,13 +1156,13 @@
"text": "the FAMa's inventory consists primarily of Soviet-era equipment, although in recent years it has received limited quantities of mostly second-hand armaments from more than a dozen countries (2021)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "note - Mali is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mauritania, and Niger"
"text": "Mali is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mauritania, and Niger; it has committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force; in early 2020, G5 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the G5 force is backed by the UN, US, and France; G5 troops periodically conduct joint operations with French forces deployed to the Sahel under Operation Barkhane&nbsp;"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for selective compulsory and voluntary military service (men and women); 2-year conscript service obligation (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "prior to the coups in August 2020 and May 2021, the Malian military had intervened in the political arena at least five times since the country gained independence in 1960; two attempts failed (1976 and 1978), while three succeeded in overturning civilian rule (1968, 1991, and 2012); the military collapsed in 2012 during the fighting against Tuareg rebels and Islamic militants; it has been since rebuilt, but continues to have limited capabilities and is heavily reliant on external assistance <br><br>since 2017, the FAMa, along with other government security and paramilitary forces, has conducted multiple major operations against militants in the eastern, central, and northern parts of the country; up to 4,000 troops reportedly have been deployed; the stated objectives for the most recent operation (Operation Maliko in early 2020) was to end terrorist activity and restore government authority in seven of the country’s 10 regions, including Mopti, Ségou, Gao, Kidal, Ménaka, Taoudénit, and Timbuktu<br><br>Mali is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mauritania, and Niger; it has committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force; in early 2020, G5 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the G5 force is backed by the UN, US, and France; G5 troops periodically conduct joint operations with French forces deployed to the Sahel under Operation Barkhane  <br><br>the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) has operated in the country since 2013; the Mission's responsibilities include providing security, rebuilding Malian security forces, supporting national political dialogue, and assisting in the reestablishment of Malian government authority; as of August 2021, MINUSMA had around 18,000 personnel deployed; in June 2021, MINUSMA's mission was extended until the end of June 2022<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in Mali (EUTM-M) also has operated in the country since 2013; the EUTM-M provides advice and training to the Malian Armed Forces and military assistance to the G5 Sahel Joint Force; as of March 2021, the mission included almost 700 personnel from 25 European countries (2021)"
"text": "prior to the coups in August 2020 and May 2021, the Malian military had intervened in the political arena at least five times since the country gained independence in 1960; two attempts failed (1976 and 1978), while three succeeded in overturning civilian rule (1968, 1991, and 2012); the military collapsed in 2012 during the fighting against Tuareg rebels and Islamic militants; it has been since rebuilt, but continues to have limited capabilities and is heavily reliant on external assistance <br><br>since 2017, the FAMa, along with other government security and paramilitary forces, has conducted multiple major operations against militants in the eastern, central, and northern parts of the country; up to 4,000 troops reportedly have been deployed; the stated objectives for the most recent operation (Operation Maliko in early 2020) was to end terrorist activity and restore government authority in seven of the country’s 10 regions, including Mopti, Ségou, Gao, Kidal, Ménaka, Taoudénit, and Timbuktu<br><br>the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) has operated in the country since 2013; the Mission's responsibilities include providing security, rebuilding Malian security forces, supporting national political dialogue, and assisting in the reestablishment of Malian government authority; as of November 2021, MINUSMA had around 18,000 personnel deployed; in June 2021, MINUSMA's mission was extended until the end of June 2022<br><br>the European Union Training Mission in Mali (EUTM-M) also has operated in the country since 2013; the EUTM-M provides advice and training to the Malian Armed Forces and military assistance to the G5 Sahel Joint Force; as of March 2021, the mission included almost 700 personnel from 25 European countries (2021)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

23
africa/mo.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, a series of Moroccan Muslim dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy, particularly under Ahmad al-MANSUR (1578-1603), repelled foreign invaders and inaugurated a golden age. The Alaouite Dynasty, to which the current Moroccan royal family belongs, dates from the 17th century. In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and ushered in a half-century of trade rivalry among European powers that saw Morocco's sovereignty steadily erode; in 1912, the French imposed a protectorate over the country. A protracted independence struggle with France ended successfully in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier and most Spanish possessions were turned over to the new country that same year. Sultan MOHAMMED V, the current monarch's grandfather, organized the new state as a constitutional monarchy and in 1957 assumed the title of king. Since Spain's 1976 withdrawal from what is today called Western Sahara, Morocco has extended its de facto administrative control to roughly 75% of this territory; however, the UN does not recognize Morocco as the administering power for Western Sahara. The UN since 1991 has monitored a cease-fire between Morocco and the Polisario Front - an organization advocating the territory’s independence - and restarted negotiations over the status of the territory in December 2018. On 10 December 2020, the US recognized Morocco's sovereignty over all of Western Sahara.</p> <p>King MOHAMMED VI in early 2011 responded to the spread of pro-democracy protests in the North Africa region by implementing a reform program that included a new constitution, passed by popular referendum in July 2011, under which some new powers were extended to parliament and the prime minister, but ultimate authority remains in the hands of the monarch. In November 2011, the Justice and Development Party (PJD) - a moderate Islamist party - won the largest number of seats in parliamentary elections, becoming the first Islamist party to lead the Moroccan Government. In September 2015, Morocco held its first direct elections for regional councils, one of the reforms included in the 2011 constitution. The PJD again won the largest number of seats in nationwide parliamentary elections in October 2016. In December 2020, Morocco signed a normalization agreement with Israel, similar to those that Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, and Sudan had concluded with Israel earlier in 2020 .</p>"
"text": "<p>In 788, about a century after the Arab conquest of North Africa, a series of Moroccan Muslim dynasties began to rule in Morocco. In the 16th century, the Sa'adi monarchy, particularly under Ahmad al-MANSUR (1578-1603), repelled foreign invaders and inaugurated a golden age. The Alaouite Dynasty, to which the current Moroccan royal family belongs, dates from the 17th century. In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and ushered in a half-century of trade rivalry among European powers that saw Morocco's sovereignty steadily erode; in 1912, the French imposed a protectorate over the country. A protracted independence struggle with France ended successfully in 1956. The internationalized city of Tangier and most Spanish possessions were turned over to the new country that same year. Sultan MOHAMMED V, the current monarch's grandfather, organized the new state as a constitutional monarchy and in 1957 assumed the title of king. Since Spain's 1976 withdrawal from what is today called Western Sahara, Morocco has extended its de facto administrative control to roughly 75% of this territory; however, the UN does not recognize Morocco as the administering power for Western Sahara. The UN since 1991 has monitored a cease-fire between Morocco and the Polisario Front - an organization advocating the territory’s independence - and restarted negotiations over the status of the territory in December 2018. On 10 December 2020, the US recognized Morocco's sovereignty over all of Western Sahara.</p> <p>King MOHAMMED VI in early 2011 responded to the spread of pro-democracy protests in the North Africa region by implementing a reform program that included a new constitution, passed by popular referendum in July 2011, under which some new powers were extended to parliament and the prime minister, but ultimate authority remains in the hands of the monarch. In November 2011, the Justice and Development Party (PJD) - a moderate Islamist party - won the largest number of seats in parliamentary elections, becoming the first Islamist party to lead the Moroccan Government. In September 2015, Morocco held its first direct elections for regional councils, one of the reforms included in the 2011 constitution. The PJD again won the largest number of seats in nationwide parliamentary elections in October 2016, but it lost its plurality to the probusiness National Rally of Independents (RNI) in September 2021. In December 2020, Morocco signed a normalization agreement with Israel, similar to those that Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, and Sudan had concluded with Israel earlier in 2020.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -210,7 +210,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "64.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "64.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -453,7 +453,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "64.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "64.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -540,10 +540,7 @@
"text": "34 01 N, 6 49 W"
},
"time difference": {
"text": "UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"daylight saving time": {
"text": "+1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
"text": "UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "name derives from the Arabic title \"Ribat el-Fath,\" meaning \"stronghold of victory,\" applied to the newly constructed citadel in 1170"
@ -595,10 +592,10 @@
"text": "King MOHAMMED VI (since 30 July 1999)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Saad-Eddine al-OTHMANI (since 17 March 2017)"
"text": "Prime Minister Aziz AKHANNOUCH (since 7 October 2021)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers chosen by the prime minister in consultation with Parliament and appointed by the monarch&nbsp;"
"text": "Council of Ministers chosen by the prime minister in consultation with Parliament and appointed by the monarch; the monarch chooses the ministers of Interior, Foreign Affairs, Islamic Affairs, and National Defense Administration"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch from the majority party following legislative elections"
@ -606,7 +603,7 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>House of Councilors or Majlis al-Mustacharine (120 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college of local councils, professional organizations, and labor unions; members serve 6-year terms)<br>House of Representatives or Majlis al-Nuwab (395 seats; 305 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 90 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - in the national constituency, 60 seats are reserved for women and 30 reserved for those under age 40"
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>House of Councillors or Majlis al-Mustacharine (120 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college of local councils, professional organizations, and labor unions; members serve 6-year terms)<br>House of Representatives or Majlis al-Nuwab (395 seats; 305 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 90 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - 90 seats are reserved for a combination of women and those under age 40 in regional multi-member constituencies, with the seats divided proportionally among the 12 regions by population size of the region"
},
"elections": {
"text": "House of Councillors - last held on 5 October 2021 (next to be held by 31 October 2027)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 8 September 2021 (next to be held by 30 September 2026)"
@ -620,14 +617,14 @@
"text": "Supreme Court or Court of Cassation (consists of 5-judge panels organized into civil, family matters, commercial, administrative, social, and criminal sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 12 members)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
"text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the Superior Council of Judicial Power, a 20-member body presided by the monarch, which includes the Supreme Court president, the prosecutor general, representatives of the appeals and first instance courts&nbsp; (among them 1 woman magistrate), the president of the National Council of the Rights of Man, and 5 \"notable persons\" appointed by the monarch; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court members - 6 designated by the monarch and 6 elected by Parliament; court president appointed by the monarch from among the court members; members serve 9-year nonrenewable terms"
"text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the Superior Council of Judicial Power, a 20-member body presided over by the monarch, which includes the Supreme Court president, the prosecutor general, representatives of the appeals and first instance courts&nbsp; (among them 1 woman magistrate), the president of the National Council for Human Rights (CNDH), and 5 \"notable persons\" appointed by the monarch; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court members - 6 designated by the monarch and 6 elected by Parliament; court president appointed by the monarch from among the court members; members serve 9-year nonrenewable terms"
},
"subordinate courts": {
"text": "courts of appeal; High Court of Justice; administrative and commercial courts; regional and sadad courts (for religious, civil and administrative, and penal adjudication); first instance courts"
"text": "courts of appeal; High Court of Justice; administrative and commercial courts; regional and Sadad courts (for religious, civil and administrative, and penal adjudication); first instance courts"
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Action Party or PA [Mohammed EL IDRISSI]<br>Amal (hope) Party [Mohamed BANI]<br>An-Nahj Ad-Dimocrati or An-Nahj [Mustapha BRAHMA]<br>Authenticity and Modernity Party or PAM [Ilyas al-OMARI]<br>Constitutional Union Party or UC [Mohamed SAJID]<br>Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Abdessamad ARCHANE]<br>Democratic Confederation of Labor or CDT [Noubir El AMAOUI] (national trade union center)<br>Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Mustapha BENALI]<br>Democratic Oath Party or SD<br>Democratic Socialist Vanguard Party or PADS [Abderrahman BENAMROU]<br>Democratic Society Party [Zhour CHAKKAFI]<br>Environment and Development Party or PED [Karim HRITAN]<br>Green Left Party [Mohamed FARES]<br>Istiqlal (Independence) Party or PI [Nizar BARAKA]<br>Ittihadi National Congress or CNI [Abdesalam EL AZIZ]<br>Labor Party or PT<br>Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [Mohammed ZIANE]<br>Moroccan Union for Democracy or UMD [Jamal MANDRI]<br>National Rally of Independents or RNI [Aziz AKHANNOUCH]<br>Neo-Democrats Party [Mohamed DARIF]<br>Party of Development Reform or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOHEN]<br>Party of Justice and Development or PJD [Saad Eddine al-OTHMANI]<br>Party of Liberty and Social Justice [Miloud MOUSSAOUI]<br>Popular Movement or MP [Mohand LAENSER]<br>Progress and Socialism Party or PPS [Nabil BENABDELLAH]<br>Reform and Development Party or PRD<br>Renaissance and Virtue Party [Mohamed KHALIDI]<br>Renaissance Party [Said EL GHENNIOUI]<br>Renewal and Equity Party or PRE [Chakir ACHEHABAR]<br>Shoura (consultation) and Istiqlal Party [Ahmed BELGHAZI]<br>Social Center Party or PCS [Lahcen MADIH]<br>Socialist Party [Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA]<br>Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Driss LACHGAR]<br>Unified Socialist Party or GSU [Nabila MOUNIB]<br>Unity and Democracy Party [Ahmed FITRI]"
"text": "Action Party or PA [Mohammed EL IDRISSI]<br>Amal (hope) Party [Mohamed BANI]<br>An-Nahj Ad-Dimocrati or An-Nahj or Democratic Way [Mustapha BRAHMA]<br>Authenticity and Modernity Party or PAM [Abdellatif OUAHBI]<br>Constitutional Union Party or UC [Mohamed SAJID]<br>Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]<br>Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Mustapha BENALI]<br>Democratic Society Party or PSD [Zhour CHAKKAFI]<br>Green Left Party or PGV [Mohamed FARES]<br>Istiqlal (Independence) Party or PI [Nizar BARAKA]<br>National Ittihadi Congress or CNI [Abdesalam EL AZIZ]<br>Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [Isaac CHARIA]<br>Moroccan Union for Democracy or UMD [Jamal MANDRI]<br>National Democratic Party [Abdellah KADIRI]<br>National Rally of Independents or RNI [Aziz AKHANNOUCH]<br>Neo-Democrats Party [Mohamed DARIF]<br>Party of Development Reform or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOHEN]<br>Party of Justice and Development or PJD [Abdelilah BENKIRANE]<br>Party of Liberty and Social Justice [Miloud MOUSSAOUI]<br>Popular Movement or MP [Mohand LAENSER]<br>Party of Progress and Socialism or PPS [Nabil BENABDELLAH]<br>Renaissance and Virtue Party [Mohamed KHALIDI]<br>Renaissance Party [Said EL GHENNIOUI]<br>Renewal and Equity Party or PRE [Chakir ACHEHABAR]<br>Shoura (consultation) and Istiqlal Party [Ahmed BELGHAZI]<br>Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Driss LACHGAR]<br>Unified Socialist Party or GSU [Nabila MOUNIB]<br>Unity and Democracy Party [Ahmed FITRI]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

4
africa/mp.json
View file

@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "40.8% of total population (2021)"
"text": "40.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -398,7 +398,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "40.8% of total population (2021)"
"text": "40.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

10
africa/mr.json
View file

@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "56.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "56.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -432,7 +432,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "56.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "56.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1174,13 +1174,13 @@
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "450 Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (Sep 2021)",
"note": "note - Mauritania is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, and Niger"
"note": "note - Mauritania is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; in early 2020, G5 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the G5 force is backed by the UN, US, and France; G5 troops periodically conduct joint operations with French forces deployed to the Sahel under Operation Barkhane"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "since a spate of terrorist attacks in the 2000s, including a 2008 attack on a military base in the country’s north that resulted in the deaths of 12 soldiers, the Mauritanian Government has increased the defense budget and military equipment acquisitions, enhanced military training, heightened security cooperation with its neighbors and the international community, and built up the military’s special operations and civil-military affairs forces<br><br>Mauritania is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; in early 2020, G5 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the G5 force is backed by the UN, US, and France; G5 troops periodically conduct joint operations with French forces deployed to the Sahel under Operation Barkhane (2021)"
"text": "since a spate of terrorist attacks in the 2000s, including a 2008 attack on a military base in the country&rsquo;s north that resulted in the deaths of 12 soldiers, the Mauritanian Government has increased the defense budget and military equipment acquisitions, enhanced military training, heightened security cooperation with its neighbors and the international community, and built up the military&rsquo;s special operations and civil-military affairs forces (2021)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "26,001 (Sahrawis) (2020); 72,816 (Mali) (2021)"
"text": "26,001 (Sahrawis) (mid-year 2021); 72,816 (Mali) (2021)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "744,944 (conflict in North Mozambique) (2021)"

6
africa/mz.json
View file

@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "30,888,034 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "37.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "38.2% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -431,7 +431,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "37.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "38.2% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

8
africa/ng.json
View file

@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "16.8% of total population (2021)"
"text": "16.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -431,7 +431,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "16.8% of total population (2021)"
"text": "16.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1171,13 +1171,13 @@
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "870 Mali (MINUSMA) (Sep 2021)",
"note": "note - Niger is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, and Mauritania"
"note": "note(s) - Niger is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, and Chad; it has committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force; in early 2020, G5 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the G5 force is backed by the UN, US, and France; G5 troops periodically conduct joint operations with French forces deployed to the Sahel under Operation Barkhane<br><br>Niger also has about 1,000 troops committed to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "has conscription, although it is reportedly not always enforced; 18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory or voluntary military service; enlistees must be Nigerien citizens and unmarried; 2-year service term; women may serve in health care (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "as of 2021, the FAN was conducting counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations against Islamic militants on two fronts; in the Diffa region, the Nigeria-based Boko Haram terrorist group has conducted dozens of attacks on security forces, army bases, and civilians; on Niger’s western border with Mali, the Islamic State-West Africa (ISWA) has conducted numerous attacks on security personnel; a series of ISWA attacks on FAN forces near the Malian border in December of 2019 and January of 2020 resulted in the deaths of more than 170 soldiers; terrorist attacks continued throughout 2020 and into 2021<br><br>Niger is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, and Chad; it has committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force; in early 2020, G5 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the G5 force is backed by the UN, US, and France; G5 troops periodically conduct joint operations with French forces deployed to the Sahel under Operation Barkhane<br><br>Niger also has about 1,000 troops committed to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically (2021)"
"text": "as of 2021, the FAN was conducting counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism operations against Islamic militants on two fronts; in the Diffa region, the Nigeria-based Boko Haram terrorist group has conducted dozens of attacks on security forces, army bases, and civilians; on Niger&rsquo;s western border with Mali, the Islamic State-West Africa (ISWA) has conducted numerous attacks on security personnel; a series of ISWA attacks on FAN forces near the Malian border in December of 2019 and January of 2020 resulted in the deaths of more than 170 soldiers; terrorist attacks continued throughout 2020 and into 2021 (2021)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

10
africa/ni.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "In ancient and pre-colonial times, the area of present-day Nigeria was occupied by a great diversity of ethnic groups with very different languages and traditions. British influence and control over what would become Nigeria and Africa's most populous country grew through the 19th century. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy. After independence in 1960, politics were marked by coups and mostly military rule, until the death of a military head of state in 1998 allowed for a political transition. In 1999, a new constitution was adopted and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The government continues to face the daunting task of institutionalizing democracy and reforming a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through decades of corruption and mismanagement. In addition, Nigeria continues to experience longstanding ethnic and religious tensions. Although both the 2003 and 2007 presidential elections were marred by significant irregularities and violence, Nigeria is currently experiencing its longest period of civilian rule since independence. The general elections of 2007 marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country's history. National and state elections in 2011 and 2015 were generally regarded as credible. The 2015 election was also heralded for the fact that the then-umbrella opposition party, the All Progressives Congress, defeated the long-ruling People's Democratic Party that had governed since 1999, and assumed the presidency, marking the first peaceful transfer of power from one party to another. Presidential and legislative elections were held in early 2019 and deemed broadly free and fair despite voting irregularities, intimidation, and violence."
"text": "In ancient and pre-colonial times, the area of present-day Nigeria was occupied by a great diversity of ethnic groups with different languages and traditions. These included Islamic empires in northern Nigeria and smaller organized political groupings in southern Nigeria. British influence and control over what would become Nigeria and Africa's most populous country grew through the 19th century. In 1914, the British amalgamated their separately administered northern and southern territories into modern-day Nigeria. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy. After independence in 1960, politics were marked by coups and mostly military rule, until the death of a military head of state in 1998 allowed for a political transition. In 1999, a new constitution was adopted and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The government continues to face the daunting task of institutionalizing democracy and reforming a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through decades of corruption and mismanagement. In addition, Nigeria continues to experience longstanding ethnic and religious tensions. Although both the 2003 and 2007 presidential elections were marred by significant irregularities and violence, Nigeria is currently experiencing its longest period of civilian rule since independence. The general elections of 2007 marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country's history. National and state elections in 2011 and 2015 were generally regarded as credible. The 2015 election was also heralded for the fact that the then-umbrella opposition party, the All Progressives Congress, defeated the long-ruling People's Democratic Party that had governed since 1999, and assumed the presidency, marking the first peaceful transfer of power from one party to another. Presidential and legislative elections were held in early 2019 and deemed broadly free and fair despite voting irregularities, intimidation, and violence."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "219,463,862 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "52.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "53.5% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -442,7 +442,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "52.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "53.5% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1228,7 +1228,7 @@
"text": "<p>the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2020, there were 98 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a 24% decrease from the total number of incidents in 2019, it included all three hijackings and 9 of 11 ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2020, a record 130 crew members were kidnapped in 22 separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 95% of kidnappings worldwide; approximately 51% of all incidents of piracy and armed robbery are taking place off Nigeria, which is a decrease from the 71% in 2019 and an indication pirates are traveling further to target vessels; Nigerian pirates are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2021-002 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 9 January 2021, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea.”</p>"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2021)"
"text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service (men and women); no conscription (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "as of early 2022, the Nigerian military was sub-Saharan Africa’s largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; it was focused largely on internal security and faced a number of challenges that have stretched its resources, however; in the northeast, the military was conducting counterinsurgency/counter-terrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State in West Africa (ISWA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009 (as of late 2021); in the northwest, it faced growing threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and violence associated with historical and ongoing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISWA terrorists; bandits in the northwest are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 since the mid-2010s; the military also continued to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; in May 2021, a contingent of military troops and police were deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths)<br><br> <p>the Nigerian military traces its origins to the Nigeria Regiment of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison the West African colonies of Nigeria (Lagos and the protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria), Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, and Gambia; the WAFF served with distinction in both East and West Africa during World War I; in 1928, it received royal recognition and was re-named the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF); the RWAFF went on to serve in World War II as part of the British 81st and 82nd (West African) divisions in the East Africa and Burma campaigns; in 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the RWAFF was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces (NMF) and in 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over control of the NMF from the British War Office; the Nigerian Armed Forces were established following independence in 1960</p>"

13
africa/od.json
View file

@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "20.5% of total population (2021)"
"text": "20.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -397,7 +397,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "20.5% of total population (2021)"
"text": "20.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1028,10 +1028,11 @@
"text": "the SSPDF inventory is primarily of Soviet origin; from 2010 to 2015, Russia and the United Arab Emirates were the leading suppliers of arms and equipment; South Sudan has been under a UN arms embargo since 2018 (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service; 12-24 months service (2021)"
"text": "18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory (men) and voluntary (men and women) military service; 12-24 months service (2021)",
"note": "note - in 2019, women made up less than 10% of the active military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the South Sudan People’s Defense Force (SSPDF), formerly the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), was founded as a guerrilla movement against the Sudanese Government in 1983 and participated in the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005); the Juba Declaration that followed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005 unified the SPLA and the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF), the second-largest rebel militia remaining from the civil war, under the SPLA name; in 2017, the SPLA was renamed the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF) and in September 2018 was renamed again as the SSPDF<br><br>under the September 2018 peace agreement, all armed groups in South Sudan were to assemble at designated sites where fighters could be either disarmed and demobilized, or integrated into unified military and police forces; the unified forces were then to be retrained and deployed prior to the formation of a national unity government; all fighters were ordered to these sites in July 2019; some progress toward merging the various armed forces into a national army has been made; for example, in May 2020, South Sudan announced that it was graduating some unified forces at various training centers across the country, and in June the SSPDF incorporated some senior officers from the main opposition force, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement Army - in Opposition (SPLM/A-IO) into its rank structure; nevertheless, overall progress has been slow, and as of 2021 armed clashes continued to occur between government forces and armed militant groups in several states<br><br>the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) has operated in the country since 2011 with the objectives of consolidating peace and security and helping establish conditions for the successful economic and political development of South Sudan; UNMISS had about 18,300 personnel, including about 14,000 troops, deployed in the country as of August 2021<br><br>United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; as of July 2021, UNISFA had some 3,800 personnel deployed"
"text": "the South Sudan People’s Defense Force (SSPDF), formerly the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), was founded as a guerrilla movement against the Sudanese Government in 1983 and participated in the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005); the Juba Declaration that followed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005 unified the SPLA and the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF), the second-largest rebel militia remaining from the civil war, under the SPLA name; in 2017, the SPLA was renamed the South Sudan Defense Forces (SSDF) and in September 2018 was renamed again as the SSPDF<br><br>under the September 2018 peace agreement, all armed groups in South Sudan were to assemble at designated sites where fighters could be either disarmed and demobilized, or integrated into unified military and police forces; the unified forces were then to be retrained and deployed prior to the formation of a national unity government; all fighters were ordered to these sites in July 2019; some progress toward merging the various armed forces into a national army has been made; for example, in May 2020, South Sudan announced that it was graduating some unified forces at various training centers across the country, and in June the SSPDF incorporated some senior officers from the main opposition force, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement Army - in Opposition (SPLM/A-IO) into its rank structure; nevertheless, overall progress has been slow, and as of 2021 armed clashes continued to occur between government forces and armed militant groups in several states<br><br>the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) has operated in the country since 2011 with the objectives of consolidating peace and security and helping establish conditions for the successful economic and political development of South Sudan; UNMISS had about 18,000 personnel deployed in the country as of November 2021<br><br>United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; as of July 2021, UNISFA had some 3,800 personnel deployed"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1040,13 +1041,13 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "308,174 (Sudan), 17,981 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2021)"
"text": "308,174 (Sudan), 17,982 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2021)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "1,436,000 (alleged coup attempt and ethnic conflict beginning in December 2013; information is lacking on those displaced in earlier years by: fighting in Abyei between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) in May 2011; clashes between the SPLA and dissident militia groups in South Sudan; inter-ethnic conflicts over resources and cattle; attacks from the Lord's Resistance Army; floods and drought) (2020)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "10,000 (2020)"
"text": "10,000 (mid-year 2021)"
}
},
"Trafficking in persons": {

6
africa/pu.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>For much of its history, Guinea-Bissau was under the control of the Mali Empire and the Kaabu kingdom. In the 16th century, Portugal began establishing trading posts along Guinea-Bissau’s shoreline. Initially, the Portuguese were restricted to the coastline and islands. However, the slave and gold trade was lucrative to local African leaders, and the Portuguese were slowly able expand their power and influence inland. Starting in the 18th century, the Mali Empire and Kingdom of Kaabu slowly disintegrated into smaller local entities. By the 19th century, Portugal had fully incorporated Guinea-Bissau into its empire.<br><br>Since gaining independence in 1974, Guinea-Bissau has experienced considerable political and military upheaval. In 1980, a military coup established General Joao Bernardo 'Nino' VIEIRA as president. VIEIRA's regime suppressed political opposition and purged political rivals.  Several coup attempts through the 1980s and early 1990s failed to unseat him. In May 1999, a military mutiny and civil war led to VIEIRA's ouster. In February 2000, a transitional government turned over power to opposition leader Kumba YALA. In September 2003, a bloodless military coup overthrew YALA and installed businessman Henrique ROSA as interim president. In 2005, former President VIEIRA was reelected pledging to pursue economic development and national reconciliation; he was assassinated in March 2009. In June 2009, Malam Bacai SANHA was elected, but he passed away in January 2012 from a long-term illness. In April 2012, a military coup prevented the second-round of the presidential election from taking place. Following mediation from the Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS), a civilian transitional government assumed power. In 2014, Jose Mario VAZ won a free and fair election. In June 2019, VAZ became the first president in Guinea-Bissau’s history to complete a full presidential term. After winning the 2019 presidential elections, Umaro SISSOCO EMBALO was sworn in as president.</p>"
"text": "<p>For much of its history, Guinea-Bissau was under the control of the Mali Empire and the Kaabu Kingdom. In the 16th century, Portugal began establishing trading posts along Guinea-Bissau’s shoreline. Initially, the Portuguese were restricted to the coastline and islands. However, the slave and gold trade was lucrative to local African leaders, and the Portuguese were slowly able to expand their power and influence inland. Starting in the 18th century, the Mali Empire and Kingdom of Kaabu slowly disintegrated into smaller local entities. By the 19th century, Portugal had fully incorporated Guinea-Bissau into its empire.<br><br>Since gaining independence in 1974, Guinea-Bissau has experienced considerable political and military upheaval. In 1980, a military coup established General Joao Bernardo 'Nino' VIEIRA as president. VIEIRA's regime suppressed political opposition and purged political rivals. Several coup attempts through the 1980s and early 1990s failed to unseat him. In May 1999, a military mutiny and civil war led to VIEIRA's ouster. In February 2000, a transitional government turned over power to opposition leader Kumba YALA. In September 2003, a bloodless military coup overthrew YALA and installed businessman Henrique ROSA as interim president. In 2005, former President VIEIRA was reelected, pledging to pursue economic development and national reconciliation; he was assassinated in March 2009. In June 2009, Malam Bacai SANHA was elected president, but he passed away in January 2012 from a long-term illness. In April 2012, a military coup prevented the second-round of the presidential election from taking place. Following mediation from the Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS), a civilian transitional government assumed power. In 2014, Jose Mario VAZ was elected president after a free and fair election. In June 2019, VAZ became the first president in Guinea-Bissau’s history to complete a full presidential term. Umaro Sissoco EMBALO was elected president in December 2019, but he did not take office until February 2020 because of a prolonged challenge to the election results.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -186,7 +186,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "44.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "45% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.22% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -393,7 +393,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "44.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "45% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.22% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

15
africa/rw.json
View file

@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "12,943,132 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "17.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "17.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.07% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -425,7 +425,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "17.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "17.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.07% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1112,7 +1112,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Rwanda Defense Force (RDF): Rwanda Army (Rwanda Land Force), Rwanda Air Force (Force Aerienne Rwandaise, FAR), Rwanda Reserve Force (2021)"
"text": "Rwanda Defense Force (RDF): Rwanda Army (Rwanda Land Force), Rwanda Air Force (Force Aerienne Rwandaise, FAR), Rwanda Reserve Force, Special Units (2021)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
@ -1141,7 +1141,7 @@
"text": "2,250 Central African Republic (approximately 1,500 for MINUSCA; an additional 750 sent bilaterally in August, 2021); 1,000 Mozambique (deployed mid-2021 to assist with combating insurgency); 2,600 South Sudan (UNMISS) (Oct 2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; Rwandan citizenship is required; enlistment is either as contract (5-years, renewable twice) or career (2021)"
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service (men and women); no conscription; Rwandan citizenship is required; enlistment is either as contract (5-years, renewable twice) or career (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the RDF is widely regarded as one of Africa’s best trained and most capable and professional military forces; as of late 2021, over 5,000 RDF personnel were deployed on missions in the African countries of the Central African Republic, Mozambique, and South Sudan</p>"
@ -1153,7 +1153,10 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "77,252 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 47,884 (Burundi) (2021)"
"text": "77,116 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 47,884 (Burundi) (2021)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "9,500 (mid-year 2021)"
}
}
}

6
africa/se.json
View file

@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "58% of total population (2021)"
"text": "58.4% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -371,7 +371,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "58% of total population (2021)"
"text": "58.4% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1049,7 +1049,7 @@
"text": "the SPDF's inventory primarily consists of Soviet-era equipment delivered in the 1970s and 1980s; since 2010, the SPDF has received limited amounts of more modern equipment (mostly donations of patrol boats and aircraft) from several suppliers led by China and India (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-28 years of age for voluntary military service (18-25 for officers); 6-year initial commitment; no conscription (2021)"
"text": "18-28 (18-25 for officers) years of age for voluntary military service (including women); 6-year initial commitment; no conscription (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>formed in 1977, the SPDF's primary responsibility is maritime security, particularly countering illegal fishing, piracy, and drug smuggling</p>"

10
africa/sf.json
View file

@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "56,978,635 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -206,7 +206,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "67.8% of total population (2021)"
"text": "68.3% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -430,7 +430,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "67.8% of total population (2021)"
"text": "68.3% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "950 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (Oct 2021)",
"note": "note - in 2021, South Africa sent a contingent of about 300 troops to Mozambique as part of a Southern African Development Community (SADC) force to help quell an insurgency; the South African Government approved a deployment of up to 1,500 troops"
"note": "note - in 2021, South Africa sent a contingent of about 1,500 troops to Mozambique as part of a Southern African Development Community (SADC) force to help quell an insurgency"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service; women are eligible to serve in noncombat roles; 2-year service obligation (2021)",
@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "23,054 (Somalia), 15,629 (Ethiopia) (2020); 57,595 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2021)"
"text": "23,054 (Somalia), 15,629 (Ethiopia) (mid-year 2021); 57,595 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2021)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "5,000 (2020)"

10
africa/sg.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Senegal is one of the few countries in the world with evidence of continuous human life from the Paleolithic era to present. Between the 14th and 16th centuries, the Jolof Empire ruled most of Senegal. Starting in the 15th century, Portugal, the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain traded along the Senegalese coast. Senegal’s location on the western tip of Africa made it a favorable base for the European slave trade. European powers used the Senegalese island of Goree as a base to purchase slaves from the warring chiefdoms on the mainland, and at the height of the slave trade in Senegal, over one-third of the Senegalese population was enslaved. In 1815, France abolished slavery and began expanding inland. During the second half of the 19th century, France took possession of Senegal as a French colony. In 1959, the French colonies of Senegal and French Sudan were merged and granted independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. The union broke up after only a few months. In 1982, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia. The envisaged integration of the two countries was never implemented, and the union dissolved in 1989. <br><br>Since the 1980s, the Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance - a separatist movement based in southern Senegal - has led a low-level insurgency. Several attempts at reaching a comprehensive peace agreement have failed. Since 2012, despite sporadic incidents of violence, an unofficial cease-fire has remained largely in effect. Senegal is one of the most stable democracies in Africa and has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping and regional mediation. The Socialist Party of Senegal ruled for 40 years until Abdoulaye WADE was elected president in 2000 and re-elected in 2007. WADE amended Senegal's constitution over a dozen times to increase executive power and weaken the opposition. In 2012, WADE’s decision to run for a third presidential term sparked public backlash that led to his defeat to current President Macky SALL. A 2016 constitutional referendum limited future presidents to two consecutive five-year terms. The change, however, does not apply to SALL's first term. In February 2019, SALL won his bid for re-election; his second term will end in 2024. One month after the 2019 election, the National Assembly voted to abolish the office of the prime minister. Opposition and civil society organizations criticized the decision as a further concentration of power in the executive branch at the expense of the legislative and judicial branches."
"text": "Senegal is one of the few countries in the world with evidence of continuous human life from the Paleolithic era to present. Between the 14th and 16th centuries, the Jolof Empire ruled most of Senegal. Starting in the 15th century, Portugal, the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain traded along the Senegalese coast. Senegal’s location on the western tip of Africa made it a favorable base for the European slave trade. European powers used the Senegalese island of Goree as a base to purchase slaves from the warring chiefdoms on the mainland, and at the height of the slave trade in Senegal, over one-third of the Senegalese population was enslaved. In 1815, France abolished slavery and began expanding inland. During the second half of the 19th century, France took possession of Senegal as a French colony. In 1959, the French colonies of Senegal and French Sudan were merged and granted independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. The union broke up after only a few months. In 1982, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia. The envisaged integration of the two countries was never implemented, and the union dissolved in 1989.<br><br>Since the 1980s, the Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance - a separatist movement based in southern Senegal - has led a low-level insurgency. Several attempts at reaching a comprehensive peace agreement have failed. Since 2012, despite sporadic incidents of violence, an unofficial cease-fire has remained largely in effect. Senegal is one of the most stable democracies in Africa and has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping and regional mediation. The Socialist Party of Senegal ruled for 40 years until Abdoulaye WADE was elected president in 2000 and re-elected in 2007. WADE amended Senegal's constitution over a dozen times to increase executive power and weaken the opposition. In 2012, WADE’s decision to run for a third presidential term sparked public backlash that led to his defeat to current President Macky SALL. A 2016 constitutional referendum limited future presidents to two consecutive five-year terms. The change, however, does not apply to SALL's first term. In February 2019, SALL won his bid for re-election; his second term will end in 2024. One month after the 2019 election, the National Assembly voted to abolish the office of the prime minister. Opposition and civil society organizations criticized the decision as a further concentration of power in the executive branch at the expense of the legislative and judicial branches."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "48.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "49.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -434,7 +434,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "48.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "49.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the Senegalese Armed Forces consist of approximately 19,000 active personnel (12,000 Army; 1,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 1,000 Air Force; 5,000 National Gendarmerie) (2021)"
"text": "approximately 19,000 active personnel (12,000 Army; 1,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 1,000 Air Force; 5,000 National Gendarmerie) (2021)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the FAS inventory includes mostly older or second-hand equipment from a variety of countries, including France, South Africa, and Russia/former Soviet Union; in recent years, the FAS has undertaken a modernization program; since 2010, it has received newer equipment from nearly 15 countries, with China, France, and Israel as the leading suppliers (2021)"
@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@
"note": "note - in 2021, Senegal also had over 700 police deployed on UN missions"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; 20 years of age for selective conscript service; 2-year service obligation; women have been accepted into military service since 2008 (2021)"
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service (men and women); 20 years of age for selective conscript service; 2-year service obligation; women have been accepted into military service since 2008 (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>as of 2021, Senegalese security forces continued to be engaged in a low-level counterinsurgency campaign in the southern Casamance region against various factions of the separatist Movement of Democratic Forces of the Casamance; while violent incidents have decreased since a tacit cease-fire was reached in 2012, the insurgency, which began in 1982, remains one of longest running low-level conflicts in the world, claiming more than 5,000 lives and leaving another 60,000 displaced</p>"

4
africa/sh.json
View file

@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "40.3% of total population (2021)"
"text": "40.4% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -305,7 +305,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "40.3% of total population (2021)"
"text": "40.4% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

6
africa/sl.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Continuously populated for at least 2,500 years, the dense jungle in the area of Sierra Leone allowed the region to remain relatively protected from invaders from empires in West Africa. Traders introduced Sierra Leone to Islam, which occupies a central role in Sierra Leonean culture and history. In the 17th century, the British set up a trading post near present-day Freetown. The trade originally involved timber and ivory, but later expanded to enslaved people. In 1787, following the American Revolution, Sierra Leone became a destination for black British loyalists from the new United States. After the abolition of the slave trade in 1807, British ships delivered thousands of liberated Africans to Sierra Leone. During the 19th century, the colony gradually expanded inland.</p> <p>In 1961, Sierra Leone became independent of the UK. While Sierra Leone held free and fair elections in 1962 and 1967, Siaka STEVENS - Sierra Leone’s second prime minister - quickly reverted to authoritarian tendencies, outlawing most political parties and ruling from 1967 to 1985. In 1991, Sierra Leonean soldiers launched a civil war against STEVENS’ ruling party. The war caused tens of thousands of deaths and displaced more than 2 million people (about one-third of the population). In 1998, a Nigerian-led West African coalition military force intervened, installing Tejan KABBAH - who was originally elected in 1996 - as prime minister. In 2002, KABBAH officially announced the end of the war. Since 1998, Sierra Leone has conducted uninterrupted democratic elections.</p>"
"text": "<p>Continuously populated for at least 2,500 years, the dense jungle in the area of Sierra Leone allowed the region to remain relatively protected from invaders from empires in West Africa. Traders introduced Sierra Leone to Islam, which occupies a central role in Sierra Leonean culture and history. In the 17th century, the British set up a trading post near present-day Freetown. The trade originally involved timber and ivory, but later expanded to enslaved people. In 1787, following the American Revolution, Sierra Leone became a destination for black British loyalists from the new United States. After the abolition of the slave trade in 1807, British ships delivered thousands of liberated Africans to Sierra Leone. During the 19th century, the colony gradually expanded inland.</p> <p>In 1961, Sierra Leone became independent of the UK. While Sierra Leone held free and fair elections in 1962 and 1967, Siaka STEVENS - Sierra Leone’s second prime minister - quickly reverted to authoritarian tendencies, outlawing most political parties and ruling from 1967 to 1985. In 1991, Sierra Leonean soldiers launched a civil war against STEVENS’ ruling party. The war caused tens of thousands of deaths and displaced more than 2 million people (about one-third of the population). In 1998, a Nigerian-led West African coalition military force intervened, installing Tejan KABBAH - who was originally elected in 1996 - as prime minister. In 2002, KABBAH officially announced the end of the war. Since 1998, Sierra Leone has conducted uninterrupted democratic elections, dominated by the two main political parties. In 2018, Julius Maada BIO of the Sierra Leone People’s Party won the presidential election that saw a high voter turnout despite some allegations of voter intimidation. The next presidential election is scheduled for March 2023.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "43.4% of total population (2021)"
"text": "43.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -417,7 +417,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "43.4% of total population (2021)"
"text": "43.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

6
africa/so.json
View file

@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "46.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "47.3% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -388,7 +388,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "46.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "47.3% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1063,7 +1063,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "6,371 (Yemen) (2020)"
"text": "6,979 (Yemen) (mid-year 2021)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "2.968 million (civil war since 1988, clan-based competition for resources; 2011 famine; insecurity because of fighting between al-Shabaab and the Transitional Federal Government's allied forces) (2020)"

8
africa/su.json
View file

@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "35.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "36% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -433,7 +433,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "35.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "36% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@
"text": "18-33 years of age for male and female compulsory or voluntary military service; 1-2 year service obligation (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>in October 2020, after almost a year of negotiations, Sudan’s transitional government and a broad alliance of armed rebel groups known as the Sudanese Revolutionary Front (SRF) signed a peace agreement; the SRF rebels had operated in Darfur, South Kordofan, and the Blue Nile provinces; under the agreement, SRF fighters are to be slowly incorporated into joint units with government security forces over a period of 39 months; however, two rebel groups – the Darfur-based Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N), which controls territory in the South Kordofan and Blue Nile provinces, are not part of the agreement; in March 2021, the Sudanese Government and the SPLM-N agreed to re-start peace talks<br><br>prior to the October 2021 overthrow of the Sovereignty Council, the Sudanese military has been a dominant force in the ruling of the country since its independence in 1956; in addition, the Sudanese military and security forces have a large role in the country's economy, reportedly controlling over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports</p> United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 3,800 personnel deployed as of August 2021<br><br>in addition, the United Nations African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) operated in the war-torn Darfur region since 2007 until its mission was completed in mid-2021; UNAMID was a joint African Union-UN peacekeeping force with the mission of bringing stability to Darfur, including protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, and promoting mediation efforts, while peace talks on a final settlement continued; in July 2021, UNAMID entered a year-long liquidation phase in which it will maintain a guard unit consisting of about 360 police to protect UN personnel, facilities, and assets inside the El Fasher Logistics Base; Sudanese joint security forces will continue to be deployed outside the base and assist the remaining UN contingent with securing its perimeter; note - the October 2020 peace agreement provided for the establishment of a joint security force comprised of 12,000 members tasked with securing the Darfur region in the place of UNAMID; in June 2021, Sudan's transitional government announced it would increase the size of this force to 20,000 and expand its mission scope to include the capital and other parts of the country suffering from violence; the force would include the SAF, RSF, police, intelligence, and representatives from armed groups involved in peace negotiations (2021)"
"text": "<p>in October 2020, after almost a year of negotiations, Sudan’s transitional government and a broad alliance of armed rebel groups known as the Sudanese Revolutionary Front (SRF) signed a peace agreement; the SRF rebels had operated in Darfur, South Kordofan, and the Blue Nile provinces; under the agreement, SRF fighters are to be slowly incorporated into joint units with government security forces over a period of 39 months; however, two rebel groups – the Darfur-based Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N), which controls territory in the South Kordofan and Blue Nile provinces, are not part of the agreement; in March 2021, the Sudanese Government and the SPLM-N agreed to re-start peace talks<br><br>prior to the October 2021 overthrow of the Sovereignty Council, the Sudanese military has been a dominant force in the ruling of the country since its independence in 1956; in addition, the Sudanese military and security forces have a large role in the country's economy, reportedly controlling over 200 commercial companies, including businesses involved in gold mining, rubber production, agriculture, and meat exports</p> United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has operated in the disputed Abyei region along the border between Sudan and South Sudan since 2011; UNISFA's mission includes ensuring security, protecting civilians, strengthening the capacity of the Abyei Police Service, de-mining, monitoring/verifying the redeployment of armed forces from the area, and facilitating the flow of humanitarian aid; UNISFA had about 3,800 personnel deployed as of November 2021<br><br>in addition, the United Nations African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) operated in the war-torn Darfur region since 2007 until its mission was completed in mid-2021; UNAMID was a joint African Union-UN peacekeeping force with the mission of bringing stability to Darfur, including protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, and promoting mediation efforts, while peace talks on a final settlement continued; in July 2021, UNAMID entered a year-long liquidation phase in which it will maintain a guard unit consisting of about 360 police to protect UN personnel, facilities, and assets inside the El Fasher Logistics Base; Sudanese joint security forces will continue to be deployed outside the base and assist the remaining UN contingent with securing its perimeter; note - the October 2020 peace agreement provided for the establishment of a joint security force comprised of 12,000 members tasked with securing the Darfur region in the place of UNAMID; in June 2021, Sudan's transitional government announced it would increase the size of this force to 20,000 and expand its mission scope to include the capital and other parts of the country suffering from violence; the force would include the SAF, RSF, police, intelligence, and representatives from armed groups involved in peace negotiations (2021)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "798,406 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 125,997 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 93,483 (Syria) (refugees and asylum seekers), 71,993 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 27,610 (Central African Republic) (2021)"
"text": "803,634 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 125,997 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 93,483 (Syria) (refugees and asylum seekers), 71,993 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 27,619 (Central African Republic) (2021)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "2,276,000 (civil war 1983-2005; ongoing conflict in Darfur region; government and rebel fighting along South Sudan border; inter-tribal clashes) (2020)"

10
africa/to.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "From the 11th to the 16th centuries, various ethnic groups settled the Togo region. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, the coastal region became a major slave trading center and the surrounding region&nbsp; took on the name of \"The Slave Coast.\" In 1884, Germany declared a region including present-day Togo as a protectorate called Togoland. After World War I, rule over Togo was transferred to France. French Togoland became Togo upon independence in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, ruled Togo with a heavy hand for almost four decades. Despite the facade of multi-party elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government was largely dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has been in power almost continually since 1967 and its successor, the Union for the Republic, maintains a majority of seats in today's legislature. Upon EYADEMA's death in February 2005, the military installed the president's son, Faure GNASSINGBE, and then engineered his formal election two months later. Democratic gains since then allowed Togo to hold its first relatively free and fair legislative elections in October 2007. Since 2007, President GNASSINGBE has started the country along a gradual path to democratic reform. Togo has since held multiple presidential and legislative elections deemed generally free and fair by international observers. Despite those positive moves, political reconciliation has moved slowly, and the country experiences periodic outbursts of violent protest by frustrated citizens. Recent constitutional changes to institute a runoff system in presidential elections and establish term limits has done little to reduce the resentment many Togolese feel after over 50 years of one-family rule."
"text": "<p>From the 11th to the 16th centuries, various ethnic groups settled the Togo region. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, the coastal region became a major trading center for enslaved people, and the surrounding region  took on the name of \"The Slave Coast.\" In 1884, Germany declared a region including present-day Togo as a protectorate called Togoland. After World War I, rule over Togo was transferred to France. French Togoland became Togo upon independence in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, ruled Togo with a heavy hand for almost four decades. Despite the facade of multi-party elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government was largely dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has been in power almost continually since 1967 and its successor, the Union for the Republic, maintains a majority of seats in today's legislature. Upon EYADEMA's death in February 2005, the military installed the president's son, Faure GNASSINGBE, and then engineered his formal election two months later. Togo held its first relatively free and fair legislative elections in October 2007. Since then, President GNASSINGBE has started the country along a gradual path to democratic reform. Togo has held multiple presidential and legislative elections, and in 2019 held its first local elections in 32 years. Despite those positive moves, political reconciliation has moved slowly, and the country experiences periodic outbursts of protests by frustrated citizens that have led to violence between security forces and protesters. Constitutional changes in 2019 to institute a runoff system in presidential elections and to establish term limits has done little to reduce the resentment many Togolese feel after more than 50 years of one-family rule. GNASSINGBE became eligible for his current fourth term and one additional fifth term under the new rules.</p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "8,283,189 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "43.4% of total population (2021)"
"text": "43.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.6% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -427,7 +427,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "43.4% of total population (2021)"
"text": "43.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.6% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@
"text": "the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2020, there were 98 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a 24% decrease from the total number of incidents in 2019, it included all three hijackings and 9 of 11 ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2020, a record 130 crew members were kidnapped in 22 separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 95% of kidnappings worldwide; approximately 51% of all incidents of piracy and armed robbery are taking place off Nigeria, which is a decrease from the 71% in 2019 and an indication pirates are traveling further to target vessels; Nigerian pirates are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2021-002 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 9 January 2021, which states in part, \"Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea.&rdquo;"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for military service; 2-year service obligation; the military is an all-volunteer force (2021)"
"text": "18 years of age for military service; 2-year service obligation; no conscription; women have been able to serve since 2007 (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the first Togolese Army unit was created in 1963, while the Air Force was established in 1964; the Navy was not established until 1976; since its creation, the Togolese military has a history of interfering in the country’s politics with assassinations, coups, influence, and a large military crackdown in 2005 that killed hundreds; over the past decade, it has made some efforts to reform and professionalize; over the same period, the military has increased its role in UN peacekeeping activities and as of 2021, more than 10% of the Army was deployed on peacekeeping missions; Togolese police have also been deployed on peacekeeping operations, and Togo maintains a regional peacekeeping training center for military and police in Lome; the Navy and Air Force have increasingly focused on combating piracy and smuggling in the Gulf of Guinea</p>"

4
africa/tp.json
View file

@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "75.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "75.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.96% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -411,7 +411,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "75.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "75.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.96% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

20
africa/ts.json
View file

@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "69.9% of total population (2021)"
"text": "70.2% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -409,7 +409,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "69.9% of total population (2021)"
"text": "70.2% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -534,10 +534,10 @@
"text": "President Kais SAIED (elected 13 October, sworn in 23 October 2019)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Najla Bouden ROMDHANE (since 11 October 2021)"
"text": "Prime Minister Najla BOUDEN Romdhane (since 11 October 2021)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "selected by the prime minister and approved by the Assembly of the Representatives of the People"
"text": "selected by the prime minister and approved by the Assembly of the Representatives of the People; note - on 11 October 2021, SAIED and BOUDEN appointed a new cabinet without approval by the suspended parliament"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); last held on 15 September 2019 with a runoff on 13 October 2019 (next to be&nbsp;held in 2024); following legislative elections, the prime minister is selected by the winning party or winning coalition and appointed by the president"
@ -548,13 +548,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Assembly of the Representatives of the People or Majlis Nuwwab ash-Sha'b (Assemblee des representants du peuple) (217 seats; 199 members directly elected in Tunisian multi-seat constituencies and 18 members in multi-seat constituencies living abroad by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - in mid-December 2021, President Kais SAIED announced that the parliament, which he suspended the previous July, would be extended until a general election in December 2022, nearly two years earlier than the expected election date of late October 2024"
"text": "<strong>note</strong>: on 25 July 2021, President SAIED indefinitely suspended the Assembly<br>unicameral Assembly of the Representatives of the People or Majlis Nuwwab ash-Sha'b (Assemblee des representants du peuple) (217 seats; 199 members directly elected in Tunisian multi-seat constituencies and 18 members in multi-seat constituencies living abroad by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "initial election held on 6 October 2019 (next to be held in October 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - Ennahdha 19.6%, Heart of Tunisia 14.6%, Free Destourian Party 6.6%, Democratic Current 6.4%, Dignity Coalition 5.9%, People's Movement 4.5%, TahyaTounes 4.1%, other 35.4%, independent 2.9%; seats by party -&nbsp; Ennahdha 52, Heart of Tunisia 38, Free Destourian Party 17, Democratic Current 22, Dignity Coalition 21, People's Movement 16, Tahya Tounes 14, other 25, independent 12; composition (as of October 2021) - men 160, women 57, percent of women 26.3%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - Ennahda 19.6%, Heart of Tunisia 14.6%, Free Destourian Party 6.6%, Democratic Current 6.4%, Dignity Coalition 5.9%, People's Movement 4.5%, TahyaTounes 4.1%, other 35.4%, independent 2.9%; seats by party -&nbsp; Ennahda 52, Heart of Tunisia 38, Free Destourian Party 17, Democratic Current 22, Dignity Coalition 21, People's Movement 16, Long Live Tunisia 14, other 25, independent 12; composition (as of October 2021) - men 160, women 57, percent of women 26.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -567,17 +567,17 @@
"subordinate courts": {
"text": "Courts of Appeal; administrative courts; Court of Audit; Housing Court; courts of first instance; lower district courts; military courts"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the new Tunisian constitution of January 2014 called for the creation of a constitutional court by the end of 2015, but as of November 2018, the court had not been appointed; the court to consist of 12 members - 4 each to be appointed by the president, the Supreme Judicial Council (an independent 4-part body consisting mainly of elected judges and the remainder are legal specialists), and the Chamber of the People's Deputies (parliament); members are to serve 9-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 3 years"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the new Tunisian constitution of January 2014 called for the creation of a constitutional court by the end of 2015, but as November 2021, the court had not been appointed; the court to consist of 12 members - 4 each to be appointed by the president, the Supreme Judicial Council (an independent 4-part body consisting mainly of elected judges and the remainder are legal specialists), and the Chamber of the People's Deputies (parliament); members are to serve 9-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 3 years"
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Afek Tounes [Yassine BRAHIM]Al Badil Al-Tounisi (The Tunisian Alternative) [Mehdi JOMAA]<br>Call for Tunisia Party (Nidaa Tounes) [Hafedh CAID ESSEBSI]<br>Congress for the Republic Party or CPR [Imed DAIMI]<br>Current of Love [Hachemi HAMDI] (formerly the Popular Petition party)<br>Democratic Alliance Party [Mohamed HAMDI]<br>Democratic Current [Mohamed ABBOU]<br>Democratic Patriots' Unified Party [Zied LAKHDHAR]<br>Dignity Coalition [Seifeddine MAKHIOUF]<br>Free Destourian Party [Abir MOUSSI]<br>Free Patriotic Union (Union patriotique libre) or UPL  [Slim RIAHI]<br>Green Tunisia Party [Abdelkader ZITOUNI]<br>Heart of Tunisia (Qalb Tounes)<br>Irada Movement<br>Long Live Tunisia (Tahya Tounes) [Youssef CHAHED]<br>Machrou Tounes (Tunisia Project) [Mohsen MARZOUK]<br>Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS [Ahmed KHASKHOUSSI]<br>Ennahda Movement (The Renaissance) [Rachid GHANNOUCHI]<br>National Destourian Initiative or El Moubadra [Kamel MORJANE]<br>Party of the Democratic Arab Vanguard [Ahmed JEDDICK, Kheireddine SOUABNI]<br>People's Movement [Zouheir MAGHZAOUI]<br>Popular Front (coalition includes Democratic Patriots' Unified Party, Workers' Party, Green Tunisia, Tunisian Ba'ath Movement, Party of the Democratic Arab Vanguard)<br>Republican Party [Maya JRIBI]<br>Tunisian Ba'ath Movement [OMAR Othman BELHADJ]<br>Tunisia First (Tunis Awlan) [Ridha BELHAJ]<br>Workers' Party [Hamma HAMMAMI]"
"text": "Afek Tounes [Yassine BRAHIM]Al Badil Al-Tounisi (The Tunisian Alternative) [Mehdi JOMAA]<br>Call for Tunisia Party (Nidaa Tounes) [Ali HAFSI]<br>Current of Love [Hachemi HAMDI] (formerly the Popular Petition party)<br>Democratic Current [Mohamed ABBOU]<br>Democratic Patriots' Unified Party [Zied LAKHDHAR]<br>Dignity Coalition or Al Karama [Seifeddine MAKHIOUF]<br>Ennahda Movement (The Renaissance) [Rachid GHANNOUCHI]<br>Free Destourian Party or PDL [Abir MOUSSI]<br>Free Patriotic Union (Union patriotique libre) or UPL  [Slim RIAHI]<br>Green Tunisia Party [Abdelkader ZITOUNI]<br>Heart of Tunisia (Qalb Tounes) [Nabil KAROUI]<br>Irada Movement or Movement Party [Moncef MARZOUKI]<br>Long Live Tunisia (Tahya Tounes) [Youssef CHAHED]<br>Machrou Tounes (Tunisia Project) [Mohsen MARZOUK]<br>Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS [Ahmed KHASKHOUSSI]<br>Party of the Democratic Arab Vanguard [Kheireddine SOUABNI]<br>People's Movement [Zouheir MAGHZAOUI]<br>Republican Party [Maya JRIBI]<br>Tunisian Ba'ath Movement [Othmen Bel Haj AMOR]<br>Tunisia First (Tunis Awlan) [Ridha BELHAJ]<br>Workers' Party [Hamma HAMMAMI]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Nejmeddin LAKHAL (since 18 January 2021)"
"text": "Ambassador Hanene Tajouri BESSASSI (since 4 October 2021)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1515 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005"
@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "men 20-23 years of age for compulsory service, 1-year service obligation; individuals engaged in higher education or vocational training programs prior to their military drafting are allowed to delay service until they have completed their programs; 18-23 years of age for voluntary service; women may volunteer (2021)",
"note": "note(s) - conscripts comprise approximately 20-25,000 of the Tunisian military's personnel"
"note": "note(s) - as of 2021, approximately 20-25,000 active military personnel were conscripts; women have been allowed in the service since 1975 as volunteers only, although as recently as 2018, the Tunisian Government has discussed the possibility of conscripting women; as of 2018, women constituted less than 7% of the military and served in all three services"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>as of 2021, the Tunisian military’s primary operational areas of focus were counter-terrorism, counterinsurgency, and border security; it was conducting counter-terrorism and counterinsurgency operations against al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and Islamic State of ash-Sham (ISIS)-linked militants who have been fighting a low-intensity insurgency, mostly in the mountainous region along the border with Algeria, particularly the Chaambi Mountains near the city of Kasserine; the military maintained the lead role for security in this area and also routinely conducted joint operations with Algerian security forces against these  groups, as well to counter smuggling and trafficking activities; the military in recent years also has increased its role in securing the southern border against militant activity, smuggling, and trafficking from war-torn Libya; since 2015, Tunisia has constructed a complex structure of berms, trenches, and water-filled moats, complemented by electronic surveillance equipment such as motion detectors, ground surveillance radars, and infrared sensors along the 220-kilometer border with Libya; in the remote southern areas of the border with Libya, buffer/exclusion zones have also been established where the military has the lead for counter-terrorism efforts; outside of these border areas, the Ministry of Interior has the lead responsibility for counter-terrorism in Tunisia, particularly for urban areas; the National Police Anti-Terrorism Brigade (BAT) and the National Guard Special Unit have the lead for MOI counterterrorism operations<br><br>Tunisia has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments</p>"

8
africa/tz.json
View file

@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "62,092,761 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "36% of total population (2021)"
"text": "36.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -441,7 +441,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "36% of total population (2021)"
"text": "36.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "126,050 (Burundi), 79,583 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2021)"
"text": "125,808 (Burundi), 79,817 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2021)"
}
},
"Trafficking in persons": {

16
africa/ug.json
View file

@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "44,712,143 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "25.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "26.2% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "5.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "25.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "26.2% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "5.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1138,7 +1138,8 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF): Land Forces, Air Forces, Marine Forces, Special Forces Command, Reserve Force (2021)"
"text": "Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF): Land Forces, Air Forces, Marine Forces, Special Forces Command, Reserve Force (2021)",
"note": "note - in 2018, President MUSEVENI created a volunteer force of Local Defense Units under the military to beef up local security in designated parts of the country"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
@ -1158,7 +1159,8 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; approximately 45-50,000 troops, including about 1,000-1,500 air and marine personnel (2021)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 45-50,000 troops, including about 1,000-1,500 air and marine personnel; approximately 20,000 personnel in the Local Defense Units (2021)",
"note": "note - in 2021, the Ugandan Government announced it would recruit another 10,000 Local Defense Units personnel"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the UPDF's inventory is mostly older Russian/Soviet-era equipment with a limited mix of more modern Russian- and Western-origin arms; since 2010, the leading suppliers of arms to the UPDF are Russia and Ukraine (2021)"
@ -1167,10 +1169,10 @@
"text": "6,200 Somalia (AMISOM); 620 Somalia (UNSOM); 250 Equatorial Guinea (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military duty (must be single, no children); 9-year service obligation (2021)"
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military duty (men and women); 9-year service obligation (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the UPDF, which is constitutionally granted seats in parliament, is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used by MUSEVENI and the NRM to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates</p> <p>the UPDF has conducted operations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo against a Congo-based Ugandan rebel group, the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), which was designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the US State Department in March 2021 as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ISIS-DRC; see the Terrorist Group Appendix); beginning in 2012, the UPDF also led regional efforts to pursue the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a small, violent group of Ugandan origin that conducted widespread attacks against civilians in much of Central Africa; the UPDF withdrew from the mission in 2017 after declaring that the LRA no longer posed a security threat</p> <p>Uganda intervened in the South Sudan civil war in 2013-2016 and UPDF forces have clashed with South Sudanese forces along the border as recently as 2020</p>"
"text": "<p>the UPDF, which is constitutionally granted seats in parliament, is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used by MUSEVENI and the NRM to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates</p> <p>as of 2021, the UPDF was conducting operations along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (including cross-border operations) against a Congo-based Ugandan rebel group, the Allied Democratic Front (ADF), which was designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the US State Department in March 2021 as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ISIS-DRC; see the Terrorist Group Appendix); in addition, elements of the UPDF were deployed in the northeast region of Karamoja against cattle rustlers and criminal gangs</p> <p>beginning in 2012, the UPDF led regional efforts to pursue the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a small, violent group of Ugandan origin that conducted widespread attacks against civilians in much of Central Africa; the UPDF withdrew from the mission in 2017 after declaring that the LRA no longer posed a security threat</p> <p>Uganda intervened in the South Sudan civil war in 2013-2016 and UPDF forces have clashed with South Sudanese forces along the border as recently as 2020<br><br>the military traces its history back to the formation of the Uganda Rifles in 1895; the Uganda Rifles were merged with the Central Africa Regiment and the East Africa Rifles to form the King’s African Rifles (“KAR”) in 1902, which participated in both world wars; the UPDF was established in 1995</p>"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

14
africa/uv.json
View file

@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "21,382,659 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "31.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "31.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -424,7 +424,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "31.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "31.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -577,10 +577,10 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Roch Marc Christian KABORE (since 29 December 2015; reelected 22 November 2020)"
"text": "Lt. Col. Paul-Henri Sandaogo DAMIBA (since 24 January 2022); note - on 24 January 2022, a military junta led by DAMIBA, leader of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration, took power and ousted President Roch Marc Christian KABORE (since 22 November 2020)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Lassina ZERBO (since 10 December 2021); note - on 8 December 2021, President KABORE accepted the resignation of Prime Minister Christophe DABIRE; on 10 December 2021 Kabor&eacute; named ZERBO prime minister. (2021)"
"text": "Prime Minister (vacant); note - the tenure of Prime Minister Lassina ZERBO (since 10 December 2021) ended on 24 January 2022 when the military, led by Lt. Col. Paul-Henri Sandaogo DAMIBA, seized power (2021)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister"
@ -1150,13 +1150,13 @@
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "900 Mali (MINUSMA) (Oct 2021)",
"note": "note - Burkina Faso is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger"
"note": "note - Burkina Faso is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; the G5 force is backed by the UN, US, and France; G5 troops periodically conduct joint operations with French forces deployed to the Sahel under Operation Barkhane; in early 2020, G5 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; women may serve in supporting roles (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "since at least 2016, the Armed Forces of Burkina Faso have been actively engaged in combat operations with terrorist groups linked to al-Qa'ida and ISIS; military operations have occurred in the Centre‐Est, Centre‐Nord, Est, Nord, and Sahel administrative regions<br><br>Burkina Faso is part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; the G5 force is backed by the UN, US, and France; G5 troops periodically conduct joint operations with French forces deployed to the Sahel under Operation Barkhane; in early 2020, G5 Sahel military chiefs of staff agreed to allow defense forces from each of the states to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries (2021)"
"text": "including the most recent in January 2022, the military has conducted 7 coups since 1960; as of 2022, the military&nbsp; was also actively engaged in combat operations with terrorist groups linked to al-Qa'ida and ISIS; since 2016, military counter-terrorism operations have occurred in the Centre‐Est, Centre‐Nord, Est, Nord, and Sahel administrative regions (2021)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

11
africa/wa.json
View file

@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "2,678,191 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "53% of total population (2021)"
"text": "54% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -419,7 +419,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "53% of total population (2021)"
"text": "54% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1172,7 +1172,8 @@
"text": "the inventory of the Namibian Defense Force consists mostly of Soviet-era equipment; China is the leading supplier of weapons to Namibia since 2010 (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2021)"
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service (men and women); no conscription (2021)",
"note": "note - as of 2018, women comprised more than 20% of the active military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the Namibian Defense Force (NDF) was created in 1990, largely from demobilized former members of the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) and the South West Africa Territorial Force (SWATF); PLAN was the armed wing of the South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO), while SWATF was an auxiliary of the South African Defense Force and comprised the armed forces of the former South West Africa, 1977-1989; from 1990-1995, the British military assisted with the forming and training the NDF</p>"
@ -1184,7 +1185,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "5,641 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2021)"
"text": "5,702 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2021)"
}
}
}

6
africa/wz.json
View file

@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "1,113,276 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "24.4% of total population (2021)"
"text": "24.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -408,7 +408,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "24.4% of total population (2021)"
"text": "24.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

8
africa/za.json
View file

@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "19,077,816 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "45.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "45.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -419,7 +419,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "45.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "45.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "4.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "64,321 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,087 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2021)"
"text": "64,821 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,087 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2021)"
}
},
"Trafficking in persons": {

8
africa/zi.json
View file

@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "14,829,988 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "32.3% of total population (2021)"
"text": "32.4% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -424,7 +424,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "32.3% of total population (2021)"
"text": "32.4% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1165,7 +1165,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "11,199 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2021)"
"text": "11,756 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2021)"
}
},
"Trafficking in persons": {

4
australia-oceania/aq.json
View file

@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "87.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "87.2% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.26% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -307,7 +307,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "87.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "87.2% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.26% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

8
australia-oceania/as.json
View file

@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "86.4% of total population (2021)"
"text": "86.5% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -399,7 +399,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "86.4% of total population (2021)"
"text": "86.5% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1184,10 +1184,10 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "12,606 (Iran), 10,659 (Afghanistan), 5,416 (Pakistan) (2020)"
"text": "12,701 (Iran), 10,108 (Afghanistan), 5,400 (Pakistan) (mid-year 2021)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "5,221 (2020)"
"text": "5,770 (mid-year 2021)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

10
australia-oceania/bp.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Settlers from Papua arrived on Solomon Islands around 30,000 years ago. About 6,000 years ago, Austronesian settlers came to Solomon Islands and the two groups mixed extensively. Despite significant inter-island trade, no attempts were made to unite the islands into a single political entity. In 1568, Spanish explorer Alvaro de MENDANA became the first European to spot the islands. After a failed Spanish attempt at creating a permanent European settlement on the islands in the late 1500s, Solomon Islands remained free of European contact until 1767 when British explorer Philip CARTERET sailed by the islands. The islands were regularly visited by European explorers and American and British whaling ships into the 1800s, followed by missionaries in the 1850s.<br><br>Germany declared a protectorate over the northern Solomon Islands in 1885 and the UK established a protectorate over the southern islands in 1893. In 1899, Germany transferred its Solomon Islands to the UK in exchange for the UK relinquishing all claims in Samoa. The UK tried to encourage plantation farming but few Europeans were willing to go to Solomon Islands and the UK left most services - such as education and medical services - to missionaries. In 1942, Japan invaded Solomon Islands and significant battles against Allied forces during the Guadalcanal Campaign proved a turning point in the Pacific war. World War II destroyed large parts of Solomon Islands and a nationalism movement emerged near the end of the war. By 1960, the British relented to allow for some local autonomy. The islands were granted self-government in 1976 and independence two years later under Prime Minister Sir Peter KENILOREA.<br><br>In 1999, longstanding ethnic tensions between ethnic Guale in Honiara and ethnic Malaitans in Honiara’s suburbs erupted in civil war, leading thousands of Malaitans to take refuge in Honiara and Guale to flee the city. In 2000, newly-elected Prime Minister Manasseh SOGAVARE focused on peace agreements and distributing resources equally among groups, but his actions bankrupted the government in 2001 and led to SOGAVARE’s ouster. In 2003, Solomon Islands requested international assistance to reestablish law and order. The Australian-led Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), which ended in 2017, was generally effective in improving the security situation. In 2006, riots broke out in Honiara and the city’s Chinatown burned over allegations that the prime minister took money from China. SOGAVARE was reelected prime minister for a fourth time following elections in 2019 and that same year announced Solomon Islands would switch diplomatic recognition from Taiwan to China.</p>"
"text": "<p>Settlers from Papua arrived on Solomon Islands around 30,000 years ago. About 6,000 years ago, Austronesian settlers came to Solomon Islands and the two groups mixed extensively. Despite significant inter-island trade, no attempts were made to unite the islands into a single political entity. In 1568, Spanish explorer Alvaro de MENDANA became the first European to spot the islands. After a failed Spanish attempt at creating a permanent European settlement on the islands in the late 1500s, Solomon Islands remained free of European contact until 1767 when British explorer Philip CARTERET sailed by the islands. The islands were regularly visited by European explorers and American and British whaling ships into the 1800s, followed by missionaries in the 1850s.<br><br>Germany declared a protectorate over the northern Solomon Islands in 1885 and the UK established a protectorate over the southern islands in 1893. In 1899, Germany transferred its Solomon Islands to the UK in exchange for the UK relinquishing all claims in Samoa. The UK tried to encourage plantation farming but few Europeans were willing to go to Solomon Islands and the UK left most services - such as education and medical services - to missionaries. In 1942, Japan invaded Solomon Islands and significant battles against Allied forces during the Guadalcanal Campaign proved a turning point in the Pacific war. World War II destroyed large parts of Solomon Islands and a nationalism movement emerged near the end of the war. By 1960, the British relented to allow for some local autonomy. The islands were granted self-government in 1976 and independence two years later under Prime Minister Sir Peter KENILOREA.<br><br>In 1999, longstanding ethnic tensions between ethnic Guale in Honiara and ethnic Malaitans in Honiara’s suburbs erupted in civil war, leading thousands of Malaitans to take refuge in Honiara and Guale to flee the city. In 2000, newly-elected Prime Minister Manasseh SOGAVARE focused on peace agreements and distributing resources equally among groups, but his actions bankrupted the government in 2001 and led to SOGAVARE’s ouster. In 2003, Solomon Islands requested international assistance to reestablish law and order. The Australian-led Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), which ended in 2017, was generally effective in improving the security situation. In 2006, riots broke out in Honiara and the city’s Chinatown burned over allegations that the prime minister took money from China. SOGAVARE was reelected prime minister for a fourth time following elections in 2019 and that same year announced Solomon Islands would switch diplomatic recognition from Taiwan to China. In late November 2021, protestors, mostly from the island of Malaita calling for SOGAVARE’s removal and more development in Malaita, sparked rioting in Honiara. </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "25.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "25.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -383,7 +383,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "25.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "25.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "3.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -502,7 +502,7 @@
"text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General David VUNAGI (since&nbsp;8 July 2019)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Rick HOU (since 16 November 2017)"
"text": "Prime Minister Manasseh SOGAVARE (since 24 April 2019)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister"
@ -511,7 +511,7 @@
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the National Parliament for up to 5 years (eligible for a second term); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by the National Parliament; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister from among members of the National Parliament"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Manasseh SOGAVARE (independent) defeated in no-confidence vote on 6 November 2017; Rick HOU elected prime minister on 15 November 2017"
"text": "Manasseh SOGAVARE elected prime minister on 24 April 2019, 34 votes out of 50 seat National Parliament"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {

4
australia-oceania/cq.json
View file

@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "91.9% of total population (2021)"
"text": "92% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.36% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -299,7 +299,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "91.9% of total population (2021)"
"text": "92% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.36% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

6
australia-oceania/cw.json
View file

@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "75.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "75.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.52% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -341,7 +341,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "75.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "75.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.52% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -460,7 +460,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Cook Islands Party or CIP [Henry PUNA]<br>Democratic Party or Demo [Tina BROWNE]<br>One Cook Islands Movement [Teina BISHOP]"
"text": "Cook Islands Party or CIP [Mark BROWN]<br>Democratic Party or Demo [Tina BROWNE]<br>One Cook Islands Movement [Teina BISHOP]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, FAO, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IMO, IMSO, IOC, ITUC (NGOs), OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO"

6
australia-oceania/fj.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Austronesians settled Fiji around 1000 B.C., followed by successive waves of Melanesians starting around the first century A.D. Fijians traded with Polynesian groups in Samoa and Tonga, and by about 900, much of Fiji was in the Tu’i Tongan Empire’s sphere of influence. The Tongan influence declined significantly by 1200 while Melanesian seafarers continued to periodically arrive in Fiji, further mixing Melanesian and Polynesian cultural traditions. Dutch explorer Abel TASMAN was the first European to spot Fiji in 1643, followed by British explorer James COOK in 1774. Captain William BLIGH plotted the islands in 1789. In the 1800s, merchants, traders, and whalers frequented the islands and the first missionaries arrived in 1835. Rival kings and chiefs competed for power, at times aided by Europeans and their weapons, and in 1865, Seru Epenisa CAKOBAU united many groups into the Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti. The arrangement proved weak and a subsequent attempt in 1871 to centralize power as a Kingdom of Fiji also faltered. Fearing a hostile takeover by a foreign power, CAKOBAU ceded Fiji to the UK in 1874.<br><br>The first British governor set up a plantation-style economy and brought in more than 60,000 Indians as indentured laborers, most of whom chose to stay in Fiji rather than return to India when their contracts expired. In the early 1900s, society was divided along ethnic lines, with iTaukei (indigenous Fijians), Europeans, and Indo-Fijians living in separate areas and maintaining their own languages and traditions. ITaukei fears of an Indo-Fijian takeover of government delayed independence through the 1960s; Fiji achieved independence in 1970 with agreements in place to allocate parliamentary seats by ethnic groups. Long-serving Prime Minister Kamisese MARA largely balanced these ethnic divisions but concerns about growing Indo-Fijian political influence led to two coups in 1987. A new constitution in 1990 cemented iTaukei control of politics, leading thousands of Indo-Fijians to leave. A reformed constitution in 1997 was more equitable and led to the election of an Indo-Fijian prime minister in 1999, who was ousted in a coup the following year. In 2005, the new prime minister put forward a bill that would grant pardons to the coup perpetrators, leading Commodore Josaia BAINIMARAMA to launch a coup in 2006. BAINIMARAMA  appointed himself prime minister in 2007 and continues to hold the position after elections in 2014 and 2018 that international observers deemed credible.<br><br>With well-developed infrastructure, Fiji has become a hub for the Pacific, hosting the secretariat for the Pacific Islands Forum and the main campus of the University of the South Pacific. In addition, Fiji is a center for Pacific tourism, and Nadi International Airport is by far the busiest airport in a pacific island country.</p>"
"text": "<p>Austronesians settled Fiji around 1000 B.C., followed by successive waves of Melanesians starting around the first century A.D. Fijians traded with Polynesian groups in Samoa and Tonga, and by about 900, much of Fiji was in the Tu’i Tongan Empire’s sphere of influence. The Tongan influence declined significantly by 1200 while Melanesian seafarers continued to periodically arrive in Fiji, further mixing Melanesian and Polynesian cultural traditions. Dutch explorer Abel TASMAN was the first European to spot Fiji in 1643, followed by British explorer James COOK in 1774. Captain William BLIGH plotted the islands in 1789. In the 1800s, merchants, traders, and whalers frequented the islands and the first missionaries arrived in 1835. Rival kings and chiefs competed for power, at times aided by Europeans and their weapons, and in 1865, Seru Epenisa CAKOBAU united many groups into the Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti. The arrangement proved weak and in 1871 CAKOBAU formed the Kingdom of Fiji in an attempt to centralize power. Fearing a hostile takeover by a foreign power as the kingdom’s economy began to falter, CAKOBAU ceded Fiji to the UK in 1874.<br><br>The first British governor set up a plantation-style economy and brought in more than 60,000 Indians as indentured laborers, most of whom chose to stay in Fiji rather than return to India when their contracts expired. In the early 1900s, society was divided along ethnic lines, with iTaukei (indigenous Fijians), Europeans, and Indo-Fijians living in separate areas and maintaining their own languages and traditions. ITaukei fears of an Indo-Fijian takeover of government delayed independence through the 1960s; Fiji achieved independence in 1970 with agreements in place to allocate parliamentary seats by ethnic groups. Long-serving Prime Minister Kamisese MARA largely balanced these ethnic divisions but concerns about growing Indo-Fijian political influence led to two coups in 1987. A new constitution in 1990 cemented iTaukei control of politics, leading thousands of Indo-Fijians to leave. A reformed constitution in 1997 was more equitable and led to the election of an Indo-Fijian prime minister in 1999, who was ousted in a coup the following year. In 2005, the new prime minister put forward a bill that would grant pardons to the coup perpetrators, leading Commodore Josaia BAINIMARAMA to launch a coup in 2006. BAINIMARAMA  appointed himself prime minister in 2007 and continues to hold the position after elections in 2014 and 2018 that international observers deemed credible.<br><br>With well-developed infrastructure, Fiji has become a hub for the Pacific, hosting the secretariat for the Pacific Islands Forum and the main campus of the University of the South Pacific. In addition, Fiji is a center for Pacific tourism, and Nadi International Airport is by far the busiest airport in a Pacific island country.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "57.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "58.2% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.37% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -394,7 +394,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "57.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "58.2% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.37% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

4
australia-oceania/fm.json
View file

@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "23.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "23.2% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.52% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -349,7 +349,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "23.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "23.2% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.52% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

4
australia-oceania/fp.json
View file

@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "62.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "62.2% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.65% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -333,7 +333,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "62.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "62.2% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.65% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

4
australia-oceania/gq.json
View file

@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "95% of total population (2021)"
"text": "95.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -321,7 +321,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "95% of total population (2021)"
"text": "95.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

4
australia-oceania/kr.json
View file

@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "56.3% of total population (2021)"
"text": "57.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.77% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -359,7 +359,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "56.3% of total population (2021)"
"text": "57.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.77% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

4
australia-oceania/nc.json
View file

@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "71.9% of total population (2021)"
"text": "72.3% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -348,7 +348,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "71.9% of total population (2021)"
"text": "72.3% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

4
australia-oceania/ne.json
View file

@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "46.9% of total population (2021)"
"text": "47.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -293,7 +293,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "46.9% of total population (2021)"
"text": "47.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

4
australia-oceania/nh.json
View file

@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "25.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "25.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.55% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -394,7 +394,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "25.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "25.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.55% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

6
australia-oceania/nr.json
View file

@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "100% of total population (2021)"
"text": "100% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.18% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -358,7 +358,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "100% of total population (2021)"
"text": "100% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.18% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -941,7 +941,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "140 (2020)"
"text": "133 (mid-year 2021)"
}
}
}

10
australia-oceania/nz.json
View file

@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "86.8% of total population (2021)"
"text": "86.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -400,7 +400,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "86.8% of total population (2021)"
"text": "86.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "ACT New Zealand [David SEYMOUR]<br>Green Party [James SHAW]<br>Mana Movement [Hone HARAWIRA] (formerly Mana Party)<br>Maori Party [Che WILSON and Kaapua SMITH]<br>New Zealand First Party or NZ First [Winston PETERS]<br>New Zealand Labor Party [Jacinda ARDERN]<br>New Zealand National Party [Judith COLLINS]<br>United Future New Zealand [Damian LIGHT]"
"text": "ACT New Zealand [David SEYMOUR]<br>Green Party [James SHAW]<br>Mana Movement [Hone HARAWIRA] (formerly Mana Party)<br>Maori Party [Che WILSON and Kaapua SMITH]<br>New Zealand First Party or NZ First [Winston PETERS]<br>New Zealand Labor Party [Jacinda ARDERN]<br>New Zealand National Party [Christopher LUXON]<br>United Future New Zealand [Damian LIGHT]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB, ANZUS, APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CD, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF, SICA (observer), Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1130,8 +1130,8 @@
"text": "up to 220 Antarctica (summer season only) (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service (men and women); soldiers cannot be deployed until the age of 18; no conscription; (2021)",
"note": "note - New Zealand opened up all military occupations to women in 2000; in 2019, women accounted for 17.5% of the uniformed personnel of the NZDF"
"text": "17 years of age for voluntary military service (men and women); soldiers cannot be deployed until the age of 18; no conscription (2021)",
"note": "note - New Zealand opened up all military occupations to women in 2000; in 2019, women accounted for about 18% of the uniformed full-time personnel"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>New Zealand has been part of the Australia, New Zealand, and US Security (ANZUS) Treaty since 1951; however, the US suspended its ANZUS security obligations to New Zealand in 1986 after New Zealand implemented a policy barring nuclear-armed and nuclear-powered warships from its ports; the US and New Zealand signed the Wellington Declaration in 2010, which reaffirmed close ties between the two countries, and in 2012 signed the Washington Declaration, which provided a framework for future security cooperation and defense dialogues; in 2016, a US naval ship conducted the first bilateral warship visit to New Zealand since the 1980s<br><br>New Zealand has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US; MNNA is a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation; while MNNA status provides military and economic privileges, it does not entail any security commitments<br><br></p> <p> </p>"

6
australia-oceania/pc.json
View file

@ -150,9 +150,6 @@
"text": "less than 50 inhabitants on Pitcairn Island, most reside near the village of Adamstown"
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "0% of total population (2012)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "NA"
}
@ -257,9 +254,6 @@
}
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "0% of total population (2012)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "NA"
}

4
australia-oceania/ps.json
View file

@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "81.5% of total population (2021)"
"text": "82% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -395,7 +395,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "81.5% of total population (2021)"
"text": "82% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

4
australia-oceania/rm.json
View file

@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "78.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "78.5% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -410,7 +410,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "78.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "78.5% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

4
australia-oceania/tl.json
View file

@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "0% of total population (2021)"
"text": "0% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -288,7 +288,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "0% of total population (2021)"
"text": "0% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

16
australia-oceania/tn.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "The first humans arrived in Tonga around 1000 B.C. The islands’ politics were probably highly centralized under the Tu’i Tonga, or Tongan king, by A.D. 950, and by 1200, the Tu’i Tonga had expanded his influence throughout Polynesia and into Melanesia and Micronesia. The Tongan Empire began to decline in the 1300s, descending into civil wars, a military defeat to Samoa, and internal political strife that saw successive leaders assassinated. By the mid-1500s, some Tu’i Tongans were ethnic Samoan and day-to-day administration of Tonga was transferred to a new position occupied by ethnic Tongans.<br><br>Dutch sailors explored the islands in the 1600s and British Captain James COOK visited Tonga three times in the 1770s, naming them the Friendly Islands for the positive reception he thought he received, even though the Tongans he encountered were plotting ways to kill him. In 1799, Tonga fell into a new round of civil wars over succession. Wesleyan missionaries arrived in 1822, quickly converting the population. In the 1830s, a low-ranking chief from Ha’apai began to consolidate control over the islands and won the support of the missionaries by declaring that he would dedicate Tonga to God. The chief soon made alliances with leaders on most of the other islands and was crowned King George TUPOU I in 1845, establishing the only still-extant Polynesian monarchy. Tupou I declared Tonga a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and his successor, King George TUPOU II, agreed to enter a protectorate agreement with the UK in 1900 after rival Tongan chiefs tried to overthrow him. As a protectorate, Tonga never completely lost its indigenous governance, but it did become more isolated and the social hierarchy became more stratified between a group of nobles and a large class of commoners. Today, about one third of parliamentary seats are reserved for nobles.<br><br>Queen Salote TUPOU III negotiated the end of the protectorate in 1965, which was achieved under King TUPOU, who in 1970 withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations. A prodemocracy movement gained steam in the early 2000s, led by future Prime Minister ‘Akilisi POHIVA, and in 2006, riots broke out in Nuku’alofa to protest the lack of progress on prodemocracy legislation. To appease the activists, in 2008, King George TUPOU V announced he was relinquishing most of his powers leading up to parliamentary elections in 2010; he died in 2012 and was succeeded by his brother ‘Aho’eitu TUPOU VI. Tropical Cyclone Gita, the strongest-ever recorded storm to impact Tonga, hit the islands in February 2018 causing extensive damage."
"text": "The first humans arrived in Tonga around 1000 B.C. The islands’ politics were probably highly centralized under the Tu’i Tonga, or Tongan king, by A.D. 950, and by 1200, the Tu’i Tonga had expanded his influence throughout Polynesia and into Melanesia and Micronesia. The Tongan Empire began to decline in the 1300s, descending into civil wars, a military defeat to Samoa, and internal political strife that saw successive leaders assassinated. By the mid-1500s, some Tu’i Tongans were ethnic Samoan and day-to-day administration of Tonga was transferred to a new position occupied by ethnic Tongans.<br><br>Dutch sailors explored the islands in the 1600s and British Captain James COOK visited Tonga three times in the 1770s, naming them the Friendly Islands for the positive reception he thought he received, even though the Tongans he encountered were plotting ways to kill him. In 1799, Tonga fell into a new round of civil wars over succession. Wesleyan missionaries arrived in 1822, quickly converting the population. In the 1830s, a low-ranking chief from Ha’apai began to consolidate control over the islands and won the support of the missionaries by declaring that he would dedicate Tonga to God. The chief soon made alliances with leaders on most of the other islands and was crowned King George TUPOU I in 1845, establishing the only still-extant Polynesian monarchy. Tupou I declared Tonga a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and his successor, King George TUPOU II, agreed to enter a protectorate agreement with the UK in 1900 after rival Tongan chiefs tried to overthrow him. As a protectorate, Tonga never completely lost its indigenous governance, but it did become more isolated and the social hierarchy became more stratified between a group of nobles and a large class of commoners. Today, about one third of parliamentary seats are reserved for nobles.<br><br>Queen Salote TUPOU III negotiated the end of the protectorate in 1965, which was achieved under King TUPOU IV, who in 1970 withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations. A prodemocracy movement gained steam in the early 2000s, led by future Prime Minister ‘Akilisi POHIVA, and in 2006, riots broke out in Nuku’alofa to protest the lack of progress on prodemocracy legislation. To appease the activists, in 2008, King George TUPOU V announced he was relinquishing most of his powers leading up to parliamentary elections in 2010; he died in 2012 and was succeeded by his brother ‘Aho’eitu TUPOU VI. Tropical Cyclone Gita, the strongest-ever recorded storm to impact Tonga, hit the islands in February 2018 causing extensive damage."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "23.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "23.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -405,7 +405,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "23.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "23.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -533,7 +533,7 @@
"text": "Cabinet nominated by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister indirectly elected by the Legislative Assembly and appointed by the monarch; election last held on 15 November 2021 (next to be held in in November 2025)"
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister indirectly elected by the Legislative Assembly and appointed by the monarch; election last held on 18 November 2021 (next to be held in in November 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Siaosi SOVALENI elected prime minister by the Legislative Assembly; Siaosi SOVALENI 16 votes, Aisake EKE 10"
@ -542,13 +542,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (up to 30 seats; 26 for the 2021-25 term); 17 people's representatives directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, and 9 indirectly elected by hereditary leaders; members serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (26 seats); 17 people's representatives directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, and 9 indirectly elected by hereditary leaders; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 18 November 2021 (next to be held in November 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party (elected members) - Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands 3, Tonga People's Party 1, independent 13; composition (elected members) - men 17, women 0, percent of women 0%"
"text": "percent of vote - NA; seats by party (elected members) - independents 11, nobles' representatives 9,&nbsp; Democratic Party 3, Peoples Party 3; composition - men 26, women 0, percent of women 0%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -563,7 +563,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands<br>People's Democratic Party or PDP [Tesina FUKO]<br>Sustainable Nation-Building Party [Sione FONUA]<br>Tonga Democratic Labor Party<br>Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement or THRDM<br>Tonga People's Party or PAK (<em lang=\"to\">Paati ʻa e Kakai ʻo Tonga</em>) [Pohiva TU'I'ONETOA] (split from Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands)"
"text": "Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands or DPFI or PTOA<br>People's Democratic Party or PDP [Tesina FUKO]<br>Sustainable Nation-Building Party [Sione FONUA]<br>Tonga Democratic Labor Party<br>Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement or THRDM<br>Tonga People's Party or PAK (<em lang=\"to\">Paati ʻa e Kakai ʻo Tonga</em>) [Pohiva TU'I'ONETOA] (split from Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1058,7 +1058,7 @@
"text": "the Tonga military's inventory includes mostly light weapons and equipment from European (primarily the UK) countries and the US, as well as naval patrol vessels from Australia; Australia is the only supplier of military systems since 2010 (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "Volunteers, 18-25; no conscription (2021)"
"text": "men and women, 18-25, may volunteer; no conscription (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>Tonga participated in World War I as part of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force, but the Tonga Defense Force (TDF) was not established until 1939 at the beginning of World War II; in 1943, New Zealand helped train about 2,000 Tongan troops who saw action in the Solomon Islands; the TDF was disbanded at the end of the war, but was reactivated in 1946 as the Tonga Defense Services (TDS); in 2013, the name of the TDS was changed to His Majesty’s Armed Forces of Tonga (HMAF); Tongan troops deployed to Iraq from 2004-2008 and Afghanistan to support UK forces from 2010-2014</p>"

6
australia-oceania/tv.json
View file

@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "64.8% of total population (2021)"
"text": "65.5% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.08% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -364,7 +364,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "64.8% of total population (2021)"
"text": "65.5% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.08% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -470,7 +470,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Acting Governor General Teniku TALESI Honolulu<br>(since 19 August 2019)"
"text": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Tofiga Vaevalu FALANI (since 29 August 2021)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Kausea NATANO (since 19 September 2019)"

4
australia-oceania/wf.json
View file

@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "0% of total population (2021)"
"text": "0% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -317,7 +317,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "0% of total population (2021)"
"text": "0% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

10
australia-oceania/ws.json
View file

@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "17.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "17.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "-0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -394,7 +394,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "17.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "17.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "-0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -533,13 +533,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (51 seats for 2021-2026 term); members from 51 single-seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote, with a minimum 10% representation of women in the Assembly required; members serve 5-year terms)"
"text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (53 seats for 2021-2026 term); members from 51 single-seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote, with a minimum 10% representation of women in the Assembly required; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "election last held on 9 April 2021 (next election to be held in 2026)<br>note - head of state TUIMALEALI'IFANO Va’aletoa Sualauvi II declared 9 April 2021 election void on 4 May 2021, new elections set for 21 May 2021; on 17 May 2021, the Supreme Court invalidated the head of state's order allowing the 9 April 2021 election results to stand"
"text": "election last held on 9 April 2021 (next election to be held in 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - HRPP 55%, FAST 37%, TSP 3%, independents 5%; seats by party – initial election results - FAST 25, HRPP 25, independents 1; composition - men 46, women 5, percent of women 9.8% <br>note - on 2 June 2021, the Court of Appeals declared that a sixth seat for women is required to meet the minimum 10% representation for women, but that the seat would not be filled until after all election petitions and by-elections are settled"
"text": "percent of vote by party - HRPP 55%, FAST 37%, TSP 3%, independents 5%; seats by party – FAST 30, HRPP 22, independents 1; composition - men 47, women 6, percent of women 11.3% <br>note - on 29 November 2021, the Election Commissioner added two women seats to parliament, bringing the HRPP’s total from 20 to 22 seats"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {

4
central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json
View file

@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "43.9% of total population (2021)"
"text": "44.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.77% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -353,7 +353,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "43.9% of total population (2021)"
"text": "44.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.77% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

6
central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json
View file

@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "24.4% of total population (2021)"
"text": "24.3% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -359,7 +359,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "24.4% of total population (2021)"
"text": "24.3% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -501,7 +501,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM<br>Antigua Labor Party or ABLP [Gaston BROWNE]<br>Antigua Barbuda True Labor Party or ABTLP [Sharlene SAMUEL]<br>Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Trevor WALKER]<br>Barbuda People's Movement for Change [Arthur NIBBS]<br>Barbudans for a Better Barbuda [Ordrick SAMUEL]<br>Democratic National Alliance or DNA [Joanne MASSIAH]<br>Go Green for Life [Owen GEORGE]<br>Progressive Labor Movement or PLM<br>United National Democratic Party or UNDP<br>United Progressive Party or UPP [Harold LOVELL] (a coalition of ACLM, PLM, UNDP)"
"text": "Antigua Labor Party or ABLP [Gaston BROWNE]<br>Antigua Barbuda True Labor Party or ABTLP [Sharlene SAMUEL]<br>Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Trevor WALKER]<br>Democratic National Alliance or DNA [Joanne MASSIAH]<br>Go Green for Life [Owen GEORGE]<br>United Progressive Party or UPP [Harold LOVELL] (a coalition of ACLM, PLM, UNDP)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

4
central-america-n-caribbean/av.json
View file

@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "100% of total population (2021)"
"text": "100% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "100% of total population (2021)"
"text": "100% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

14
central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "The island was uninhabited when first settled by the British in 1627. African slaves worked the sugar plantations established on the island, which initially dominated the Caribbean sugar industry. By 1720 Barbados was no longer a dominant force within the sugar industry, having been surpassed by the Leeward Islands and Jamaica. Slavery was abolished in 1834. The Barbadian economy remained heavily dependent on sugar, rum, and molasses production through most of the 20th century. The gradual introduction of social and political reforms in the 1940s and 1950s led to complete independence from the UK in 1966. In the 1990s, tourism and manufacturing surpassed the sugar industry in economic importance. Barbados became a republic on 30 November 2021, with the former Governor-General Sandra MASON elected as the first president."
"text": "The island was uninhabited when first settled by the British in 1627. African slaves worked the sugar plantations established on the island, which initially dominated the Caribbean sugar industry. By 1720 Barbados was no longer a dominant force within the sugar industry, having been surpassed by the Leeward Islands and Jamaica. Slavery was abolished in 1834. The Barbadian economy remained heavily dependent on sugar, rum, and molasses production through most of the 20th century. The gradual introduction of social and political reforms in the 1940s and 1950s led to complete independence from the UK in 1966. In the 1990s, tourism and manufacturing surpassed the sugar industry in economic importance. Barbados became a republic on 30 November 2021, with the former Governor-General Sandra MASON elected as the first president. Barbados plans to create a new constitution in 2022."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "31.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "31.3% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.46% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -365,7 +365,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "31.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "31.3% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.46% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -499,10 +499,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>Senate (21 seats; members appointed by the president - 12 on the advice of the Prime Minister, 2 on the advice of the opposition leader, and 7 at the discretion of the president) <br>House of Assembly (30 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last appointments on 5 June 2018 (next appointments NA)<br>House of Assembly - last held on 24 May 2018 (next to be held in 2023)"
"text": "<br>Senate - last appointments on 5 June 2018 (next appointments NA)<br>House of Assembly - last held on 19 January 2022 (next to be held in 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - appointed; composition - men 16, women 5, percent of women 23.8% <br>House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - BLP 74.6%, DLP 22.6%, other 2.8%; seats by party - BLP 30; composition - men 24, women 6, percent of women 20%; note - total Parliament percent of women 21.6%"
"text": "<br>Senate - appointed; composition - men 16, women 5, percent of women 23.8% <br>House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - BLP 69%, DLP 26.5%, other 4.5%; seats by party - BLP 30; composition - men 24, women 6, percent of women 20%; note - total Parliament percent of women 21.6%"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> tradition dictates that the election is held within 5 years of the last election, but constitutionally it is 5 years from the first seating of Parliament plus a 90-day grace period"
},
@ -518,7 +518,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Bajan Free Party [Alex MITCHELL]<br>Barbados Integrity Movement [Neil HOLDER]<br>Barbados Labor Party or BLP [Mia MOTTLEY]<br>Democratic Labor Party or DLP [Freundel STUART]<br>People’s Democratic Congress [Mark ADAMSON]<br>People's Empowerment Party or PEP [David COMISSIONG]<br>Solutions Barbados [Grenville PHILLIPS II]<br>United Progressive Party or UPP [Lynette EASTMOND]"
"text": "Alliance Party for Progress or APP [Joseph ATHERLEY]<br>Bajan Free Party [Alex MITCHELL]<br>Barbados Integrity Movement [Neil HOLDER]<br>Barbados Labor Party or BLP [Mia MOTTLEY]<br>Democratic Labor Party or DLP [Freundel STUART]<br>People’s Democratic Congress [Mark ADAMSON]<br>People's Empowerment Party or PEP [David COMISSIONG]<br>Solutions Barbados [Grenville PHILLIPS II]<br>United Progressive Party or UPP [Everton HOLLIGAN]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@
"text": "the Netherlands provide the BDF's major equipment inventory (maritime patrol boats) (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "Voluntary service only; 17 years, 9 months to 17 years, 11 months with letter of consent from a parent or guardian, or be in the age range of 18-25 years at the start of recruit training; citizens of Barbados by descent or naturalization (2021)"
"text": "voluntary service only (men and women); 17 years, 9 months to 17 years, 11 months with letter of consent from a parent or guardian, or be in the age range of 18-25 years at the start of recruit training; citizens of Barbados by descent or naturalization (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>Barbados has been a member of the Caribbean Regional Security System (RSS) since its creation in 1982; RSS signatories (Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) agreed to prepare contingency plans and assist one another, on request, in national emergencies, prevention of smuggling, search and rescue, immigration control, fishery protection, customs and excise control, maritime policing duties, protection of off-shore installations, pollution control, national and other disasters, and threats to national security; the RSS is headquartered in Barbados</p>"

8
central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json
View file

@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "352,655 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "83.4% of total population (2021)"
"text": "83.5% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -339,7 +339,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "83.4% of total population (2021)"
"text": "83.5% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.02% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -480,7 +480,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Bahamas is a member of the 15-member Caribbean Community but is not party to the agreement establishing the Caribbean Court of Justice as its highest appellate court;  the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) serves as the final court of appeal for The Bahamas"
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Democratic National Alliance or DNA [Christopher MORTIMER, interim leader]<br>Free National Movement or FNM [Hubert MINNIS]<br>Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Philip \"Brave\" DAVIS]"
"text": "Democratic National Alliance or DNA [Arinthia KOMOLAFE]<br>Free National Movement or FNM [Michael PINTARD]<br>Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Philip \"Brave\" DAVIS]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)"

4
central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json
View file

@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "46.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "46.4% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.3% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -390,7 +390,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "46.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "46.4% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.3% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

4
central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json
View file

@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "100% of total population (2021)"
"text": "100% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.13% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -331,7 +331,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "100% of total population (2021)"
"text": "100% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.13% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

8
central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json
View file

@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "81.4% of total population (2021)"
"text": "82% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -418,7 +418,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "81.4% of total population (2021)"
"text": "82% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1146,7 +1146,7 @@
"text": "the Public Force is lightly armed with an inventory that includes mostly second-hand US equipment (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "Costa Rica relies on specialized paramilitary units within the MPS for internal security missions and countering transnational threats such as narcotics smuggling and organized crime, as well as for participating in regional security operations and exercises; MPS forces have received advisory and training support from both Colombia and the US; since 2012, the US has also provided equipment, including aircraft and patrol boats (2021)"
"text": "Costa Rica relies on specialized paramilitary units within the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) for internal security missions and countering transnational threats such as narcotics smuggling and organized crime, as well as for participating in regional security operations and exercises; MPS forces have received advisory and training support from both Colombia and the US; since 2012, the US has also provided equipment, including aircraft and patrol boats (2021)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {
@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@
"text": "29,906 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or received alternative legal stay) (2021)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "199 (2020)"
"text": "205 (mid-year 2021)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

10
central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the European discovery of the island by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 and following its development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations, and Havana became the launching point for the annual treasure fleets bound for Spain from Mexico and Peru. Spanish rule eventually provoked an independence movement and occasional rebellions were harshly suppressed. US intervention during the Spanish-American War in 1898 assisted the Cubans in overthrowing Spanish rule. The Treaty of Paris established Cuban independence from Spain in 1898 and, following three-and-a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba became an independent republic in 1902 after which the island experienced a string of governments mostly dominated by the military and corrupt politicians. Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959; his authoritarian rule held the subsequent regime together for nearly five decades. He stepped down as president in February 2008 in favor of his younger brother Raul CASTRO. Cuba's communist revolution, with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez, hand-picked by Raul CASTRO to succeed him, was approved as president by the National Assembly and took office on 19 April 2018. DIAZ-CANEL was appointed First Secretary of the Communist Party on 19 April 2021 following the resignation of Raul CASTRO.</p> <p>The country faced a severe economic downturn in 1990 following the withdrawal of former Soviet subsidies worth $4-6 billion annually. Cuba traditionally and consistently portrays the US embargo, in place since 1961, as the source of its difficulties. As a result of efforts begun in December 2014 to re-establish diplomatic relations with the Cuban Government, which were severed in January 1961, the US and Cuba reopened embassies in their respective countries in July 2015. The embargo remains in place, and the relationship between the US and Cuba remains tense. </p> <p>Illicit migration of Cuban nationals to the US via maritime and overland routes has been a longstanding challenge. On 12 January 2017, the US and Cuba signed a Joint Statement ending the so-called \"wet-foot, dry-foot\" policy – by which Cuban nationals who reached US soil were permitted to stay. Illicit Cuban migration by sea has since dropped significantly, but land border crossings continue. In FY 2018, the US Coast Guard interdicted 312 Cuban nationals at sea. Also in FY 2018, 7,249 Cuban migrants presented themselves at various land border ports of entry throughout the US.</p>"
"text": "<p>The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the European encounter of the island by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 and following its development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations, and Havana became the launching point for the annual treasure fleets bound for Spain from Mexico and Peru. Spanish rule eventually provoked an independence movement and occasional rebellions were harshly suppressed. US intervention during the Spanish-American War in 1898 assisted the Cubans in overthrowing Spanish rule. The Treaty of Paris established Cuban independence from Spain in 1898 and, following three-and-a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba became an independent republic in 1902 after which the island experienced a string of governments mostly dominated by the military and corrupt politicians. Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959; his authoritarian rule held the subsequent regime together for nearly five decades. He handed off the pesidency in February 2008 to his younger brother Raul CASTRO. Cuba's communist revolution, with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez, hand-picked by Raul CASTRO to succeed him, was approved as president by the National Assembly and took office on 19 April 2018. DIAZ-CANEL was appointed First Secretary of the Communist Party on 19 April 2021 following the retirement of Raul CASTRO, and continues to serve as both president and first secretary.</p> <p>Cuba traditionally and consistently portrays the US embargo, in place since 1961, as the source of its difficulties. As a result of efforts begun in December 2014 to reestablish diplomatic relations with the Cuban Government, which were severed in January 1961, the US and Cuba reopened embassies in their respective countries in July 2015. The embargo remains in place, and the relationship between the US and Cuba remains tense. </p> <p>Illicit migration of Cuban nationals to the US via maritime and overland routes has been a longstanding challenge. On 12 January 2017, the US and Cuba signed a Joint Statement ending the so-called \"wet-foot, dry-foot\" policy – by which Cuban nationals who reached US soil were permitted to stay. Irregular Cuban maritime migration has dropped significantly since FY 2016, when migrant interdictions at sea topped 5,000, but land border crossings continue. In FY 2021, the US Coast Guard interdicted 838 Cuban nationals at sea. Also in FY 2021, 39,303 Cuban nationals presented themselves at various land border ports of entry throughout the US.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "77.3% of total population (2021)"
"text": "77.4% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -409,7 +409,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "77.3% of total population (2021)"
"text": "77.4% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1120,10 +1120,10 @@
"text": "the Cuban military inventory is comprised of ageing Russian and Soviet-era equipment; the last recorded arms delivery to Cuba was by Russia in 2004; in 2019, Russia approved a loan for approximately $43-50 million for Cuba's purchase of spare parts and armored vehicles (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "17-28 years of age for compulsory military service; 2-year service obligation for men; women may volunteer (2021)"
"text": "17-28 years of age for compulsory (men) and volunteer (men and women) military service; 2-year service obligation for men (2021)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the FAR has a large role in the Cuban economy through several military owned and operated conglomerates, including such sectors as banking, hotels, industry, retail, and tourism (2021)"
"text": "the FAR has a large role in the Cuban economy through several military owned and operated conglomerates, including such sectors as banking, hotels, industry, retail, transportation, and tourism (2021)"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

6
central-america-n-caribbean/do.json
View file

@ -177,7 +177,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "71.4% of total population (2021)"
"text": "71.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -324,7 +324,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "71.4% of total population (2021)"
"text": "71.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.84% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -469,7 +469,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Judith PESTAINA]<br>Dominica Labor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]<br>Dominica United Workers Party or UWP [Lennox LINTON]"
"text": "Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Kent VITAL]<br>Dominica Labor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]<br>Dominica United Workers Party or UWP [Lennox LINTON]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, Commonwealth of Nations, ECCU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

7
central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json
View file

@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "83.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "83.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -428,7 +428,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "83.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "83.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1175,7 +1175,8 @@
"text": "the military is lightly armed with an inventory consisting mostly of older US equipment with limited quantities of material from other countries; since 2010, Brazil and Israel are the leading suppliers of armaments to the Dominican Republic (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "17-21 years of age for voluntary military service; recruits must have completed primary school and be Dominican Republic citizens; women may volunteer (2021)"
"text": "17-21 years of age for voluntary military service (men and women); recruits must have completed primary school and be Dominican Republic citizens; women may volunteer (2021)",
"note": "note - as of 2021, women made up approximately 20% of the active duty military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the military's primary focuses are countering illegal immigration and refugees along its 350-kilometer-long border with Haiti and interdicting air and maritime narcotics trafficking, as well as disaster relief (2021)"

7
central-america-n-caribbean/es.json
View file

@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "74.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "74.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -421,7 +421,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "74.1% of total population (2021)"
"text": "74.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1158,7 +1158,8 @@
"text": "175 Mali (MINUSMA) (Oct 2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 16-22 years of age for voluntary male or female service; service obligation is 12 months, with 11 months for officers and NCOs (2021)"
"text": "18 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 16-22 years of age for voluntary male or female service; service obligation is 12 months, with 11 months for officers and NCOs (2021)",
"note": "note - as of 2016, women made up about 6% of the active duty military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the National Civilian Police (Ministry of Justice and Public Security) is responsible for maintaining public security, while the Ministry of Defense is responsible for maintaining national security; the constitution separates public security and military functions, but allows the president to use the armed forces in exceptional circumstances to maintain internal peace and public security; Salvadoran presidents have deployed military troops for internal security duties for years, and President BUKELE has continued the tradition; in November 2019, he signed a decree authorizing military involvement in police duties to combat gang violence, organized crime, and narcotics trafficking, as well as assisting with border security; as of 2021, about half of the Army was reportedly deployed in support of the National Police</p>"

6
central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json
View file

@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "36.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "36.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.86% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -354,7 +354,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "36.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "36.9% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.86% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -496,7 +496,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "National Democratic Congress or NDC [Nazim BURKE]<br>New National Party or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]"
"text": "National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dickon MITCHELL]<br>New National Party or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO"

7
central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json
View file

@ -196,7 +196,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "52.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "52.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -426,7 +426,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "52.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "52.7% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -1180,7 +1180,8 @@
"text": "155 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (Oct 2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "all male citizens between the ages of 18 and 50 are eligible for military service; in practice, most of the force is volunteer, however, a selective draft system is employed, resulting in a small portion of 17-21 year-olds conscripted; conscript service obligation varies from 1 to 2 years; women can serve as officers (2021)"
"text": "all male citizens between the ages of 18 and 50 are eligible for military service; in practice, most of the force is volunteer, however, a selective draft system is employed, resulting in a small portion of 17-21 year-olds conscripted; conscript service obligation varies from 1 to 2 years; women may volunteer (2021)",
"note": "note - as of 2017, women made up an estimated 5-10% of the active military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>since the 2000s, the Guatemalan Government has frequently used the Army to support the National Civil Police (PNC; under the Ministry of Government) in internal security operations (as permitted by the constitution) to combat organized crime, gang violence, and narco-trafficking</p> <p>the military held power during most of the country’s 36-year civil war (1960-1996) and conducted a campaign of widespread violence and repression, particularly against the country’s majority indigenous population; more than 200,000 people were estimated to have been killed or disappeared during the conflict</p>"

22
central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "The native Taino - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when Christopher COLUMBUS first landed on it in 1492 - were virtually wiped out by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean but relied heavily on the forced labor of enslaved Africans and environmentally degrading practices. In the late 18th century, Toussaint L'OUVERTURE led a revolution of Haiti's nearly half a million slaves that ended France's rule on the island. After a prolonged struggle, and under the leadership of Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, Haiti became the first country in the world led by former slaves after declaring its independence in 1804, but it was forced to pay an indemnity to France for more than a century and was shunned by other countries for nearly 40 years. After the US occupied Haiti from 1915-1934, Francois \"Papa Doc\" DUVALIER and then his son Jean-Claude “Baby Doc” DUVALIER led repressive and corrupt regimes that ruled Haiti from 1957-1971 and 1971-1986, respectively. A massive magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti in January 2010 with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. Estimates are that over 300,000 people were killed and some 1.5 million left homeless. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region over the last 200 years. On 4 October 2016, Hurricane Matthew made landfall in Haiti, resulting in over 500 deaths and causing extensive damage to crops, houses, livestock, and infrastructure. Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, Haiti continues to experience bouts of political instability. <p> </p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p>The native Taino - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when Christopher COLUMBUS first landed on it in 1492 - were virtually wiped out by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean but relied heavily on the forced labor of enslaved Africans and environmentally degrading practices. In the late 18th century, Toussaint L'OUVERTURE led a revolution of Haiti's nearly half a million slaves that ended France's rule on the island. After a prolonged struggle, and under the leadership of Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, Haiti became the first country in the world led by former slaves after declaring its independence in 1804, but it was forced to pay an indemnity to France for more than a century and was shunned by other countries for nearly 40 years. After the US occupied Haiti from 1915-1934, Francois \"Papa Doc\" DUVALIER and then his son Jean-Claude “Baby Doc” DUVALIER led repressive and corrupt regimes that ruled Haiti from 1957-1971 and 1971-1986, respectively. Haiti has long been plagued by natural disasters. In January 2010, a massive magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti  with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. Estimates are that over 300,000 people were killed and some 1.5 million left homeless. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region over the last 200 years. More recently, a 7.2 magnitude earthquake hit in August 2021, causing well over 2,000 deaths and about 500,000 needed emergency humanitarian aid. The most recent natural disaster came just two months after the president was assassinated in his own home, leading the country into extra-constitutional territory and contributing to the country’s state of instability. Haiti is currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, as well as one of the most unequal in wealth distribution.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "11,198,240 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -131,8 +131,8 @@
}
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Protestant/Methodist/Adventist/Jehovah's Witness 51.8%, Roman Catholic 35.4%, Vodou 1.7%, none 11% (2016-17 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> many Haitians practice elements of Vodou in addition to another religion, most often Roman Catholicism; Vodou was recognized as an official religion in 2003"
"text": "Catholic 55%, Protestant 29%, Vodou 2.1%, other 4.6%, none 10% (2018 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 50-80% of Haitians incorporate some elements of Vodou culture or practice in addition to another religion, most often Roman Catholicism; Vodou was recognized as an official religion in 2003"
},
"Age structure": {
"0-14 years": {
@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "58% of total population (2021)"
"text": "58.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -401,7 +401,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "58% of total population (2021)"
"text": "58.8% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -533,7 +533,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Acting President Ariel HENRY (since 20 July 2021); note - Prime Minister Ariel HENRY has assumed the responsibilities of president following the assassination of President Jovenel MOISE on 7 July 2021; an election is expected to be held on 7 November 2021; MOISE had been president since 7 February 2017"
"text": "President (vacant); note - Prime Minister Ariel HENRY assumed executive responsibilities, including naming Cabinet members, following the assassination President MOISE on 7 July 2021; new elections have not yet been scheduled."
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Ariel HENRY (since 20 July 2021)"
@ -542,7 +542,7 @@
"text": "Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president; parliament must ratify the Cabinet and Prime Minister's governing policy"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term); last election originally scheduled for 9 October 2016 but postponed until 20 November 2016 due to Hurricane Matthew"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a single non-consecutive term); last election had been originally scheduled for 9 October 2016 but was postponed until 20 November 2016 due to Hurricane Matthew"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em>2016:</em> Jovenel MOISE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Jovenel MOISE (PHTK) 55.6%, Jude CELESTIN (LAPEH) 19.6%, Jean-Charles MOISE (PPD) 11%, Maryse NARCISSE (FL) 9%; other 4.8%<br><br><em>2011:</em> Michel MARTELLY elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Michel MARTELLY (Peasant's Response) 68%, Mirlande MANIGAT (RDNP) 32%"
@ -550,7 +550,7 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral legislature or le Corps l'egislatif ou le Parlement consists of:<br>le S'enat or Senate (30 seats; 10 filled as of July 2021; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms (2-term limit) with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years)<br>la Chambre de deput'es or Chamber of Deputies (119 seats; 116 filled as of June 2019; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 4-year terms; no term limits); note - when the 2 chambers meet collectively it is known as L'Assembl'ee nationale or the National Assembly and is convened for specific purposes spelled out in the constitution"
"text": "bicameral legislature or le Corps l'egislatif ou le Parlement consists of:<br>le S'enat or Senate (30 seats; 10 filled as of July 2021; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms (2-term limit) with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years)<br>la Chambre de deput'es or Chamber of Deputies (119 seats; 0 filled as of July 2021; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 4-year terms; no term limits); note - when the 2 chambers meet collectively it is known as L'Assembl'ee nationale or the National Assembly and is convened for specific purposes spelled out in the constitution"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 20 November 2016 with runoff on 29 January 2017 (next originally scheduled for 27 October 2019, but postponed to 26 September 2021) <br>Chamber of Deputies - last held on 9 August 2015 with runoff on 25 October 2015 and 20 November 2016 (next originally scheduled for 27 October 2019, but postponed to 26 September 2021)"
@ -572,7 +572,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note</strong>: the Superior Council of the Judiciary or Conseil Superieur du Pouvoir Judiciaire is a 9-member body charged with the administration and oversight of the judicial branch of government"
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alternative League for Haitian Progress and Empowerment or LAPEH [Jude CELESTIN]<br>Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MCNH [Luc MESADIEU]<br>Christian National Movement for the Reconstruction of Haiti or UNCRH [Chavannes JEUNE]<br>Convention for Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]<br>Cooperative Action to Rebuild Haiti or KONBA [Jean William JEANTY]<br>December 16 Platform or Platfom 16 Desanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT]<br>Democratic Alliance Party or ALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition includes KID and PPRH)<br>Democratic Centers' National Council or CONACED [Osner FEVRY]<br>Dessalinian Patriotic and Popular Movement or MOPOD [Jean Andre VICTOR]<br>Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [Joseph JASME]<br>Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE]<br>For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL]<br>Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats or FHSD [Edmonde Supplice BEAUZILE]<br>Grouping of Citizens for Hope or RESPE [Charles-Henri BAKER]<br>Haitians for Haiti [Yvon NEPTUNE]<br>Haitian Tet Kale Party or PHTK [Ann Valerie Timothee MILFORT]<br>Haiti in Action or AAA [Youri LATORTUE]<br>Independent Movement for National Reconstruction or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD]<br>Konbit Pou refe Ayiti or KONBIT<br>Lavni Organization or LAVNI [Yves CRISTALIN]<br>Liberal Party of Haiti or PLH [Jean Andre VICTOR]<br>Love Haiti or Renmen Ayiti [Jean-Henry CEANT, Camille LEBLANC]<br>Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert de RONCERAY]<br>New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]<br>Organization for the Advancement of Haiti and Haitians or OLAHH<br>Party for the Integral Advancement of the Haitian People or PAIPH<br>Patriotic Unity or IP [Marie Denise CLAUDE]<br>Peasant's Response or Repons Peyizan [Michel MARTELLY]<br>Platform Alternative for Progress and Democracy or ALTENATIV [Victor BENOIT and Evans PAUL]<br>Platform of Haitian Patriots or PLAPH [Dejean BELISAIRE, Himmler REBU]<br>Platform Pitit Desaline or PPD [Jean-Charles MOISE]<br>Pont<br>Popular Party for the Renewal of Haiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN]<br>PPG18<br>Rally of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Mirlande MANIGAT]<br>Renmen Ayiti or RA [Jean-Henry CEANT]<br>Reseau National Bouclier or Bouclier<br>Respect or RESPE<br>Strength in Unity or Ansanm Nou Fo [Leslie VOLTAIRE]<br>Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Jacques-Edouard ALEXIS]<br>Truth (Verite)<br>Union [Chavannes JEUNE]<br>Unity or Inite [Levaillant LOUIS-JEUNE]<br>Vigilance or Veye Yo [Lavarice GAUDIN]"
"text": "Alternative League for Haitian Progress and Empowerment or LAPEH [Jude CELESTIN]<br>Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MCNH [Luc MESADIEU]<br>Christian National Movement for the Reconstruction of Haiti or UNCRH [Chavannes JEUNE]<br>Convention for Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]<br>Cooperative Action to Rebuild Haiti or KONBA [Jean William JEANTY]<br>December 16 Platform or Platfom 16 Desanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT]<br>Democratic Alliance Party or ALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition includes KID and PPRH)<br>Democratic Centers' National Council or CONACED [Osner FEVRY]<br>Dessalinian Patriotic and Popular Movement or MOPOD [Jean Andre VICTOR]<br>Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [Joseph JASME]<br>Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE]<br>For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL]<br>Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats or FHSD [Edmonde Supplice BEAUZILE]<br>Haiti in Action or AAA [Youri LATORTUE]<br>Haitian Tet Kale Party or PHTK [Line BALTHAZAR]<br>Independent Movement for National Reconciliation or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD]<br>Lavni Organization or LAVNI [Yves CRISTALIN]<br>Love Haiti or Renmen Ayiti [Jean-Henry CEANT, Camille LEBLANC]<br>Party for the Integral Advancement of the Haitian People or PAIPH<br>Patriotic Unity or Inite [Rene PREVAL]<br>Peasant's Response or Repons Peyizan [Michel MARTELLY]<br>Platform Alternative for Progress and Democracy or ALTENATIV [Victor BENOIT and Evans PAUL]<br>Platform of Haitian Patriots or PLAPH [Dejean BELISAIRE, Himmler REBU]<br>Platform Pitit Desaline or PPD [Jean-Charles MOISE]<br>Rally of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Mirlande MANIGAT]<br>Renmen Ayiti or RA [Jean-Henry CEANT]<br>Respect (Grouping of Citizens for Hope) or RESPE [Charles-Henri BAKER]<br>Strength in Unity or Platform Ansanm Nou For [Leslie VOLTAIRE]<br>Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Jacques-Edouard ALEXIS]<br>Vigilance or Veye Yo [Lavarice GUADIN]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AOSIS, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -599,7 +599,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Michele SISON (since 21 February 2018)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Kenneth H. MERTEN (since 28 October 2021)"
},
"embassy": {
"text": "Tabarre 41, Route de Tabarre, Port-au-Prince"

15
central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json
View file

@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "9,346,277 (July 2021 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly taken into account the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic"
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "59% of total population (2021)"
"text": "59.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.48% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -430,7 +430,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "59% of total population (2021)"
"text": "59.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "2.48% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -559,10 +559,10 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Juan Orlando HERNANDEZ Alvarado (since 27 January 2014); Vice Presidents Ricardo ALVAREZ, Maria RIVERA, and Olga ALVARADO (since 26 January 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government"
"text": "President Xiomara CASTRO de Zelaya (since 27 January 2022); Vice Presidents Salvador NASRALLA, Doris GUTIERREZ, and Renato FLORENTINO (since 27 January 2022); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; CASTRO is Honduras' first female president"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "President Juan Orlando HERNANDEZ Alvarado (since 27 January 2014); Vice Presidents Ricardo ALVAREZ, Maria RIVERA, and Olga ALVARADO (since 26 January 2018)"
"text": "President Xiomara CASTRO de Zelaya (since 27 January 2022); Vice Presidents Salvador NASRALLA, Doris GUTIERREZ, and Renato FLORENTINO (since 27 January 2022)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Cabinet appointed by president"
@ -571,7 +571,7 @@
"text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term; election last held on 28 November 2021 (next to be held in 30 November 2025); note - in 2015, the Constitutional Chamber of the Honduran Supreme Court struck down the constitutional provisions on presidential term limits"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em>2021: </em>Xiomara CASTRO de Zelaya elected president; percent of vote - Xiomara CASTRO de Zelaya (LIBRE) 51.1%, Nasry Juan ASFURA Zablah (PNH) 36.9%, Yani Benjamin ROSENTHAL Hidalgo (PL) 10%, other 2%; note - CASTRO will take office 27 January 2022<em><br><br>2017:</em> Juan Orlando HERNANDEZ Alvarado reelected president; percent of vote - Juan Orlando HERNANDEZ Alvarado (PNH) 43%, Salvador NASRALLA (Alianza de Oposicion contra la Dictadura) 41.4%, Luis Orlando ZELAYA Medrano (PL) 14.7%, other 0.9%"
"text": "<br><em>2021: </em>Xiomara CASTRO de Zelaya elected president; percent of vote - Xiomara CASTRO de Zelaya (LIBRE) 51.1%, Nasry Juan ASFURA Zablah (PNH) 36.9%, Yani Benjamin ROSENTHAL Hidalgo (PL) 10%, other 2%<em><br><br>2017:</em> Juan Orlando HERNANDEZ Alvarado reelected president; percent of vote - Juan Orlando HERNANDEZ Alvarado (PNH) 43%, Salvador NASRALLA (Alianza de Oposicion contra la Dictadura) 41.4%, Luis Orlando ZELAYA Medrano (PL) 14.7%, other 0.9%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -1166,7 +1166,8 @@
"text": "the FFAA's inventory is comprised of mostly older imported equipment from Israel, the UK, and the US; since 2010, Honduras has received limited amounts of military equipment from several countries, including Colombia, Israel, Netherlands, Taiwan, and the US (2021)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary 2- to 3-year military service; no conscription (2021)"
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary 2- to 3-year military service (men and women); no conscription (2021)",
"note": "note - as of 2017, women made up over 4% of the active duty military"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the armed forces, including the PMOP, are subordinate to the Secretariat of Defense, while the HNP reports to the Secretariat of Security; the National Interinstitutional Security Force is an interagency command that coordinates the overlapping responsibilities of the HNP, PMOP, National Intelligence Directorate, and Public Ministry (public prosecutor), but exercises coordination, command, and control responsibilities only during interagency operations involving those forces; as of 2021, civilian authorities at times reportedly did not maintain effective control over security forces"

6
central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json
View file

@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "56.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "57% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.79% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -403,7 +403,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "56.7% of total population (2021)"
"text": "57% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.79% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -546,7 +546,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Andrew Michael HOLNESS]<br>People's National Party or PNP [Dr. Peter David PHILLIPS]<br>National Democratic Movement or NDM [Peter TOWNSEND]"
"text": "Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Andrew Michael HOLNESS]<br>People's National Party or PNP [Mark GOLDING]<br>National Democratic Movement or NDM [Peter TOWNSEND]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

4
central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json
View file

@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "9.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "9.2% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.94% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -311,7 +311,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "9.2% of total population (2021)"
"text": "9.2% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "0.94% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

4
central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json
View file

@ -148,7 +148,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "100% of total population (2021)"
"text": "100% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.16% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. est.)"
@ -263,7 +263,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "100% of total population (2021)"
"text": "100% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.16% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. est.)"

4
central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json
View file

@ -196,7 +196,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "59.3% of total population (2021)"
"text": "59.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -415,7 +415,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "59.3% of total population (2021)"
"text": "59.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

4
central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json
View file

@ -196,7 +196,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "68.8% of total population (2021)"
"text": "69.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -424,7 +424,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "68.8% of total population (2021)"
"text": "69.1% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "1.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

4
central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json
View file

@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "93.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "93.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "-0.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"
@ -349,7 +349,7 @@
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
"text": "93.6% of total population (2021)"
"text": "93.6% of total population (2022)"
},
"rate of urbanization": {
"text": "-0.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)"

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