From 378b22c2a4540b3c118e22c5c7e14e435cff5578 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Gerald Bauer Date: Sat, 12 Jul 2014 20:46:45 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] add central america --- central-america/bz-belize.json | 601 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ central-america/cr-costa-rica.json | 624 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ central-america/gt-guatemala.json | 618 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ central-america/hn-honduras.json | 624 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ central-america/ni-nicaragua.json | 610 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ central-america/pa-panama.json | 631 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ central-america/sv-el-salvador.json | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ north-america/ca-canada.json | 628 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8 files changed, 4961 insertions(+) create mode 100644 central-america/bz-belize.json create mode 100644 central-america/cr-costa-rica.json create mode 100644 central-america/gt-guatemala.json create mode 100644 central-america/hn-honduras.json create mode 100644 central-america/ni-nicaragua.json create mode 100644 central-america/pa-panama.json create mode 100644 central-america/sv-el-salvador.json create mode 100644 north-america/ca-canada.json diff --git a/central-america/bz-belize.json b/central-america/bz-belize.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5d0eaaac --- /dev/null +++ b/central-america/bz-belize.json @@ -0,0 +1,601 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Belize was the site of several Mayan city states until their decline at the end of the first millennium A.D. The British and Spanish disputed the region in the 17th and 18th centuries; it formally became the colony of British Honduras in 1854. Territorial disputes between the UK and Guatemala delayed the independence of Belize until 1981. Guatemala refused to recognize the new nation until 1992 and the two countries are involved in an ongoing border dispute. Guatemala and Belize plan to hold a simultaneous referendum, set for 6 October 2013, to determine if this dispute will go before the International Court of Justice at The Hague. Tourism has become the mainstay of the economy. Current concerns include the country's heavy foreign debt burden, high unemployment, growing involvement in the Mexican and South American drug trade, high crime rates, and one of the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rates in Central America." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Mexico" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "17 15 N, 88 45 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "22,966 sq km", + "land": "22,806 sq km", + "water": "160 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Massachusetts" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "516 km", + "border_countries": "Guatemala 266 km, Mexico 250 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "386 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm in the north, 3 nm in the south; note - from the mouth of the Sarstoon River to Ranguana Cay, Belize's territorial sea is 3 nm; according to Belize's Maritime Areas Act, 1992, the purpose of this limitation is to provide a framework for negotiating a definitive agreement on territorial differences with Guatemala", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "flat, swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", + "highest_point": "Doyle's Delight 1,160 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "arable land potential, timber, fish, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "3.27%", + "permanent_crops": "1.39%", + "other": "95.34% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "30 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "18.55 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.22 cu km/yr (4%/49%/46%)", + "per_capita": "845.2 cu m/yr (2000)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "frequent, devastating hurricanes (June to November) and coastal flooding (especially in south)" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation; water pollution from sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff; solid and sewage waste disposal" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "only country in Central America without a coastline on the North Pacific Ocean" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Belizean(s)", + "adjective": "Belizean" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "mestizo 48.7%, Creole 24.9%, Maya 10.6%, Garifuna 6.1%, other 9.7% (2000 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Spanish 46%, Creole 32.9%, Mayan dialects 8.9%, English 3.9% (official), Garifuna 3.4% (Carib), German 3.3%, other 1.4%, unknown 0.2% (2000 census)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 39.3%, Pentacostal 8.3%, Seventh Day Adventist 5.3%, Anglican 4.5%, Mennonite 3.7%, Baptist 3.5%, Methodist 2.8%, Nazarene 2.8%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.6%, other 9.9% (includes Baha'i Faith, Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and Mormon), other (unknown) 3.1%, none 15.2% (2010 census)" + }, + "demographic_profile": { + "text": "Migration continues to transform Belize's population. About 16% of Belizeans live abroad, while immigrants constitute approximately 15% of Belize's population. Belizeans seeking job and educational opportunities have preferred to emigrate to the United States rather than former colonizer Great Britain because of the United States' closer proximity and stronger trade ties with Belize. Belizeans also emigrate to Canada, Mexico, and English-speaking Caribbean countries. The emigration of a large share of Creoles (Afro-Belizeans) and the influx of Central American immigrants, mainly Guatemalans, Salvadorans, and Hondurans, has changed Belize's ethnic composition. Mestizos have become the largest ethnic group, and Belize now has more native Spanish speakers than English or Creole speakers, despite English being the official language. In addition, Central American immigrants are establishing new communities in rural areas, which contrasts with the urbanization trend seen in neighboring countries. Recently, Chinese, European, and North American immigrants have become more frequent. Immigration accounts for an increasing share of Belize's population growth rate, which is steadily falling due to fertility decline. Belize's declining birth rate and its increased life expectancy are creating an aging population. As the elderly population grows and nuclear families replace extended households, Belize's government will be challenged to balance a rising demand for pensions, social services, and healthcare for its senior citizens with the need to reduce poverty and social inequality and to improve sanitation." + }, + "population": { + "text": "334,297 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "35.8% (male 61,118/female 58,665)", + "15_24_years": "21.1% (male 35,912/female 34,596)", + "25_54_years": "35.1% (male 59,196/female 58,024)", + "55_64_years": "4.4% (male 7,374/female 7,407)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.6% (male 5,677/female 6,328) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "60.9 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "54.5 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "6.4 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "15.6 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "21.5 years", + "male": "21.4 years", + "female": "21.7 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.97% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "25.58 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "5.93 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "52% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "2.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "BELMOPAN (capital) 14,000 (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.9 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "53 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "20.82 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "23.3 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "18.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "68.4 years", + "male": "66.75 years", + "female": "70.13 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "3.08 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "55.2% (2011)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "5.2% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.83 physicians/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.2 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 98% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 2% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 93% of population; rural: 87% of population; total: 90% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 7% of population; rural: 13% of population; total: 10% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "2.3% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "4,800 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever and malaria (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "33.7% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "4.9% (2006)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "6.6% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "76.9%", + "male": "76.7%", + "female": "77.1% (2000 census)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "12 years", + "male": "12 years", + "female": "12 years (2003)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "27,751", + "percentage": "40 % (2001 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "19.5%", + "male": "13.8%", + "female": "28.8% (2005)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "none", + "conventional_short_form": "Belize", + "former": "British Honduras" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Belmopan", + "geographic_coordinates": "17 15 N, 88 46 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "6 districts; Belize, Cayo, Corozal, Orange Walk, Stann Creek, Toledo" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "21 September 1981 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 21 September (1981)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "21 September 1981" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "English common law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Sir Colville YOUNG, Sr. (since 17 November 1993)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Dean Oliver BARROW (since 8 February 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Gaspar VEGA (since 12 February 2008)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister from the General Assembly", + "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (12 seats; members appointed by the governor general - 6 on the advice of the prime minister, 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 1 each on the advice of the Belize Council of Churches and Evangelical Association of Churches, the Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Belize Better Business Bureau, and the National Trade Union Congress and the Civil Society Steering Committee; to serve five-year terms) and the House of Representatives (31 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "House of Representatives - last held on 8 March 2012 (next to be held in 2017)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - UDP 50.4%, PUP 47.5%, other 2.1%; seats by party - UDP 17, PUP 14" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Judicature (consists of the Court of Appeal with the court president and 3 justices, and the Supreme Court with the chief justice and 2 judges) note - in 2005, Belize ceased final appeals in civil and criminal cases to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London), replacing it with the Caribbean Court of Justice, the judicial organ of the Caribbean Community", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Appeal president and justices appointed by the governor general upon advice of the prime minister after consultation with the National Assembly opposition leader; justices' tenures vary by terms of appointment; Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the governor-general upon the advice of the prime minister and the National Assembly opposition leader; other judges appointed by the governor-general upon the advice of the Judicial and Legal Services Section of the Public Services Commission and with the concurrence of the prime minister after consultation with the National Assembly opposition leader; judges can be appointed beyond age 65 but must retire by age 75", + "subordinate_courts": "Summary Jurisdiction Courts (criminal) and District Courts (civil)" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "National Alliance for Belizean Rights or NABR; National Reform Party or NRP [Cornelius DUECK]; People's National Party or PNP [Wil MAHEIA]; People's United Party or PUP [John BRICENO]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Dean Oliver BARROW]; Vision Inspired by the People or VIP [Paul MORGAN]; We the People Reform Movement or WTP [Hipolito BAUTISTA]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Society for the Promotion of Education and Research or SPEAR [Nicole HAYLOCK]; Association of Concerned Belizeans or ACB [David VASQUEZ]; National Trade Union Congress of Belize or NTUC/B [Rene GOMEZ]" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Nestor MENDEZ", + "chancery": "2535 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 332-9636", + "fax": "[1] (202) 332-6888", + "consulates_general": "Los Angeles" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Vinai THUMMALAPALLY", + "embassy": "Floral Park Road, Belmopan City, Cayo District", + "mailing_address": "P.O. Box 497, Belmopan City, Cayo District, Belize", + "telephone": "[501] 822-4011", + "fax": "[501] 822-4012" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom edges; centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms; the coat of arms features a shield flanked by two workers in front of a mahogany tree with the related motto SUB UMBRA FLOREO (I Flourish in the Shade) on a scroll at the bottom, all encircled by a green garland of 50 mahogany leaves; the colors are those of the two main political parties: blue for the PUP and red for the UDP; various elements of the coat of arms - the figures, the tools, the mahogany tree, and the garland of leaves - recall the logging industry that led to British settlement of Belize", + "note": "Belize's flag is the only national flag that depicts human beings; two British overseas territories, Montserrat and the British Virgin Islands, also depict humans" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "Baird's tapir (a large, browsing, forest-dwelling mammal); keel-billed toucan" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Land of the Free\"", + "lyrics_music": "Samuel Alfred HAYNES/Selwyn Walford YOUNG", + "note": "adopted 1981; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, \"God Save the Queen\" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Tourism is the number one foreign exchange earner in this small economy, followed by exports of marine products, citrus, cane sugar, bananas, and garments. The government's expansionary monetary and fiscal policies, initiated in September 1998, led to GDP growth averaging nearly 4% in 1999-2007. Oil discoveries in 2006 bolstered this growth. Exploration efforts have continued and production has increased a small amount. Growth slipped to 0% in 2009, and has remained at just over 2% per year during 2010-2012, as a result of the global slowdown, natural disasters, and a temporary drop in the price of oil. With weak economic growth and a large public debt burden, fiscal spending is likely to be tight. In September 2012, the government paid half of a $23 million interest payment that had been due in August 2012. In January 2013, the government announced that it had reached a deal with creditors to restructure its $544 million commercial external debt, commonly referred to as the \"superbond.\" The superbond represents one half of the country's public debt. A key government objective remains the reduction of poverty and inequality with the help of international donors. Although Belize has the second highest per capita income in Central America, the average income figure masks a huge income disparity between rich and poor. The 2010 Poverty Assessment shows that more than 4 out of 10 people live in poverty. The sizable trade deficit and heavy foreign debt burden continue to be major concerns." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$3.048 billion (2012 est.); $2.896 billion (2011 est.); $2.84 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$1.554 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "5.3% (2012 est.); 1.9% (2011 est.); 2.7% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$8,900 (2012 est.); $8,600 (2011 est.); $8,600 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "27.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 28.2% of GDP (2011 est.); 24.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "77.3%", + "government_consumption": "18.1%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "30.4%", + "investment_in_inventories": "1%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "71%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-98.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "13%", + "industry": "23%", + "services": "64% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "bananas, cacao, citrus, sugar; fish, cultured shrimp; lumber" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "garment production, food processing, tourism, construction, oil" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "120,500", + "note": "shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel (2008 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "10.2%", + "industry": "18.1%", + "services": "71.7% (2007)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "11.3% (2012); 13.1% (2009)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "41.3% (2010 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$400 million", + "expenditures": "$450 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "25.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-3.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "90.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 91% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 April - 31 March" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "1.2% (2012 est.); -2.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "18% (31 December 2010 est.); 12% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "12.4% (31 December 2012 est.); 13.36% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$551.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $419.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$1.263 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.101 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $968 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$59.5 million (2012 est.); -$31.3 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$548.5 million (2012 est.); $603.6 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "sugar, bananas, citrus, clothing, fish products, molasses, wood, crude oil" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 30.8%, UK 21.2%, Nigeria 4.8%, Costa Rica 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$808.3 million (2012 est.); $778.2 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods; fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals; food, beverages, tobacco" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "US 23.1%, Germany 14.6%, Mexico 11.2%, Cuba 9.1%, Guatemala 5.4%, China 4.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$289.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $237.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$1.503 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.423 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Belizean dollars (BZD) per US dollar -; 2 (2012 est.); 2 (2011 est.); 2 (2010 est.); 2 (2009); 2 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "52.03 million kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "630 million kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "102,100 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "33.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "37.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "29.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "4,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "6.7 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "7,044 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "3,553 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "980,500 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "28,800 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "222,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "above-average system; trunk network depends primarily on microwave radio relay", + "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity of slightly less than 10 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity approaching 70 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 501; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth station - 8 (Intelsat - 2, unknown - 6) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "8 privately owned TV stations; multi-channel cable TV provides access to foreign stations; about 25 radio stations broadcasting on roughly 50 different frequencies; state-run radio was privatized in 1998 (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".bz" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "3,392 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "36,000 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "47 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "6", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "2", + "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "41", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "11", + "under_914_m": "29 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "3,007 km", + "paved": "575 km", + "unpaved": "2,432 km (2006)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "825 km (navigable only by small craft) (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "247", + "by_type": "barge carrier 1, bulk carrier 33, cargo 156, chemical tanker 2, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 4, petroleum tanker 9, refrigerated cargo 30, roll on/roll off 10, specialized tanker 1", + "foreign_owned": "152 (Bulgaria 1, China 61, Croatia 1, Estonia 1, Greece 2, Iceland 1, Italy 3, Latvia 9, Lithuania 1, Netherlands 1, Norway 2, Russia 30, Singapore 4, Switzerland 1, Syria 4, Thailand 1, Turkey 16, UAE 3, UK 4, Ukraine 6) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Belize City, Big Creek" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Belize Defense Force (BDF): Army, BDF Air Wing (includes Special Boat Unit), BDF Volunteer Guard (2011)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; laws allow for conscription only if volunteers are insufficient; conscription has never been implemented; volunteers typically outnumber available positions by 3:1; initial service obligation 12 years (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "81,284", + "females_age_16_49": "79,185 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "59,431", + "females_age_16_49": "57,221 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "3,723", + "female": "3,584 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.2% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Guatemala persists in its territorial claim to half of Belize, but agrees to the Line of Adjacency to keep Guatemalan squatters out of Belize's forested interior; both countries agreed in April 2012 to hold simultaneous referenda, scheduled for 6 October 2013, to decide whether to refer the dispute to the ICJ for binding resolution; Belize and Mexico are working to solve minor border demarcation discrepancies arising from inaccuracies in the 1898 border treaty" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transshipment point for cocaine; small-scale illicit producer of cannabis, primarily for local consumption; offshore sector money-laundering activity related to narcotics trafficking and other crimes\r\n (2008)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america/cr-costa-rica.json b/central-america/cr-costa-rica.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..928dd583 --- /dev/null +++ b/central-america/cr-costa-rica.json @@ -0,0 +1,624 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Although explored by the Spanish early in the 16th century, initial attempts at colonizing Costa Rica proved unsuccessful due to a combination of factors, including disease from mosquito-infested swamps, brutal heat, resistance by natives, and pirate raids. It was not until 1563 that a permanent settlement of Cartago was established in the cooler, fertile central highlands. The area remained a colony for some two and a half centuries. In 1821, Costa Rica became one of several Central American provinces that jointly declared their independence from Spain. Two years later it joined the United Provinces of Central America, but this federation disintegrated in 1838, at which time Costa Rica proclaimed its sovereignty and independence. Since the late 19th century, only two brief periods of violence have marred the country's democratic development. In 1949, Costa Rica dissolved its armed forces. Although it still maintains a large agricultural sector, Costa Rica has expanded its economy to include strong technology and tourism industries. The standard of living is relatively high. Land ownership is widespread." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Nicaragua and Panama" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "10 00 N, 84 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "51,100 sq km", + "land": "51,060 sq km", + "water": "40 sq km", + "note": "includes Isla del Coco" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than West Virginia" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "639 km", + "border_countries": "Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "1,290 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "coastal plains separated by rugged mountains including over 100 volcanic cones, of which several are major volcanoes" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Cerro Chirripo 3,810 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "4.89%", + "permanent_crops": "6.46%", + "other": "88.65% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "1,031 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "112.4 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "5.77 cu km/yr (15%/9%/77%)", + "per_capita": "1,582 cu m/yr (2006)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season and landslides; active volcanoes", + "volcanism": "Arenal (elev. 1,670 m), which erupted in 2010, is the most active volcano in Costa Rica; a 1968 eruption destroyed the town of Tabacon; Irazu (elev. 3,432 m), situated just east of San Jose, has the potential to spew ash over the capital city as it did between 1963 and 1965; other historically active volcanoes include Miravalles, Poas, Rincon de la Vieja, and Turrialba" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation and land use change, largely a result of the clearing of land for cattle ranching and agriculture; soil erosion; coastal marine pollution; fisheries protection; solid waste management; air pollution" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Marine Life Conservation" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "four volcanoes, two of them active, rise near the capital of San Jose in the center of the country; one of the volcanoes, Irazu, erupted destructively in 1963-65" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Costa Rican(s)", + "adjective": "Costa Rican" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "white (including mestizo) 94%, black 3%, Amerindian 1%, Chinese 1%, other 1%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Spanish (official), English" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 76.3%, Evangelical 13.7%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.3%, other Protestant 0.7%, other 4.8%, none 3.2%" + }, + "demographic_profile": { + "text": "Costa Rica's political stability, high standard of living, and well-developed social benefits system set it apart from its Central American neighbors. Through the government's sustained social spending - almost 20% of GDP annually - Costa Rica has made tremendous progress toward achieving its goal of providing universal access to education, healthcare, clean water, sanitation, and electricity. Since the 1970s, expansion of these services has led to a rapid decline in infant mortality, an increase in life expectancy at birth, and a sharp decrease in the birth rate. The average number of children born per women has fallen from about 7 in the 1960s to 3.5 in the early 1980s to below replacement level today. Costa Rica's poverty rate is lower than in most Latin American countries, but it has stalled at around 20% for almost two decades. Costa Rica is a popular regional immigration destination because of its job opportunities and social programs. Almost 9% of the population is foreign-born, with Nicaraguans comprising nearly three-quarters of the foreign population. Many Nicaraguans who perform unskilled seasonal labor enter Costa Rica illegally or overstay their visas, which continues to be a source of tension. Less than 3% of Costa Rica's population lives abroad. The overwhelming majority of expatriates have settled in the United States after completing a university degree or in order to work in a highly skilled field." + }, + "population": { + "text": "4,695,942 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "23.8% (male 571,383/female 546,152)", + "15_24_years": "17.8% (male 427,047/female 411,110)", + "25_54_years": "43.6% (male 1,027,179/female 1,018,358)", + "55_64_years": "8% (male 184,292/female 191,396)", + "65_years_and_over": "6.8% (male 147,615/female 171,410) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "44 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "33.9 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "10.1 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "9.9 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "29.6 years", + "male": "29.1 years", + "female": "30 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.27% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "16.25 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "4.44 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "64% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "2.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "SAN JOSE (capital) 1.515 million (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.86 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "40 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "8.95 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "9.76 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "8.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "78.06 years", + "male": "75.43 years", + "female": "80.83 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "1.91 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "82.2% (2010)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "10.9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "1.32 physicians/1,000 population (2000)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.2 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 91% of population; total: 97% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 9% of population; total: 3% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 96% of population; total: 95% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 4% of population; total: 5% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.3% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "9,800 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea", + "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "23.7% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "1.1% (2009)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "6.3% of GDP (2009)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "96.3%", + "male": "96%", + "female": "96.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "14 years", + "male": "13 years", + "female": "14 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "39,082", + "percentage": "5 % (2002 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "16.6%", + "male": "13.5%", + "female": "21.6% (2011)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Costa Rica", + "conventional_short_form": "Costa Rica", + "local_long_form": "Republica de Costa Rica", + "local_short_form": "Costa Rica" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "democratic republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "San Jose", + "geographic_coordinates": "9 56 N, 84 05 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, Limon, Puntarenas, San Jose" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "15 September 1821 (from Spain)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "7 November 1949" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system based on Spanish civil code; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Laura CHINCHILLA Miranda (since 8 May 2010); First Vice President Alfio PIVA Mesen (since 8 May 2010); Second Vice President Luis LIBERMAN Ginsburg (since 8 May 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Laura CHINCHILLA Miranda (since 8 May 2010); First Vice President Alfio PIVA Mesen (since 8 May 2010); Second Vice President Luis LIBERMAN Ginsburg (since 8 May 2010)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet selected by the president", + "elections": "president and vice presidents elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a single four-year term; election last held on 7 February 2010 (next to be held in February 2014)", + "election_results": "Laura CHINCHILLA Miranda elected president; percent of vote - Laura CHINCHILLA Miranda (PLN) 46.7%; Otton SOLIS (PAC) 25.1%, Otto GUEVARA Guth (ML) 20.8%, other 7.4%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (57 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 7 February 2010 (next to be held in February 2014)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PLN 24, PAC 11, ML 9, PUSC 6, PASE 4, other 3" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice (consists of 22 judges organized into 3 cassation chambers each with 5 judges, and the Constitutional Chamber with 7 judges)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court of Justice judges elected by the National Assembly for 8-year terms with renewal decided by the National Assembly", + "subordinate_courts": "appellate courts; first instance and justice of the peace courts; Superior Electoral Tribunal" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Accessibility Without Exclusion or PASE [Oscar Andres LOPEZ Arias]; Citizen Action Party or PAC [Elizabeth FONSECA]; Costa Rican Renovation Party or PRC [Gerardo Justo OROZCO Alvarez]; Broad Front (Frente Amplio) or PFA [Jose MERINO del Rio]; Libertarian Movement Party or ML [Otto GUEVARA Guth]; National Integration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes]; National Liberation Party or PLN [Bernal JIMENEZ]; National Restoration Party or PRN; Patriotic Alliance [Mariano FIGUERES Olsen]; Popular Vanguard [Trino BARRANTES Araya]; Social Christian Unity Party or PUSC [Gerardo VARGAS]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Authentic Confederation of Democratic Workers or CATD (Communist Party affiliate); Chamber of Coffee Growers; Confederated Union of Workers or CUT (Communist Party affiliate); Costa Rican Confederation of Democratic Workers or CCTD (Liberation Party affiliate); Costa Rican Exporter's Chamber or CADEXCO; Costa Rican Solidarity Movement; Costa Rican Union of Private Sector Enterprises or UCCAEP; Federation of Public Service Workers or FTSP; National Association for Economic Development or ANFE; National Association of Educators or ANDE; National Association of Public and Private Employees or ANEP; Rerum Novarum or CTRN (PLN affiliate)" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Shanon Muni FIGUERES Boggs", + "chancery": "2114 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 480-2200", + "fax": "[1] (202) 265-4795", + "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York", + "consulates": "Austin" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Anne Slaughter ANDREW", + "embassy": "Calle 120 Avenida O, Pavas, San Jose", + "mailing_address": "APO AA 34020", + "telephone": "[506] 2519-2000", + "fax": "[506] 2519-2305" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "five horizontal bands of blue (top), white, red (double width), white, and blue, with the coat of arms in a white elliptical disk toward the hoist side of the red band; Costa Rica retained the earlier blue-white-blue flag of Central America until 1848 when, in response to revolutionary activity in Europe, it was decided to incorporate the French colors into the national flag and a central red stripe was added; today the blue color is said to stand for the sky, opportunity, and perseverance, white denotes peace, happiness, and wisdom, while red represents the blood shed for freedom, as well as the generosity and vibrancy of the people", + "note": "somewhat resembles the flag of North Korea; similar to the flag of Thailand but with the blue and red colors reversed" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "clay-colored robin known as Yiguirro" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Himno Nacional de Costa Rica\" (National Anthem of Costa Rica)", + "lyrics_music": "Jose Maria ZELEDON Brenes/Manuel Maria GUTIERREZ", + "note": "adopted 1949; the anthem's music was originally written for an 1853 welcome ceremony for diplomatic missions from the United States and United Kingdom; the lyrics were added in 1903" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Prior to the global economic crisis, Costa Rica enjoyed stable economic growth. The economy contracted 1.3% in 2009 but resumed growth at about 4.5% per year in 2010-12. While the traditional agricultural exports of bananas, coffee, sugar, and beef are still the backbone of commodity export trade, a variety of industrial and specialized agricultural products have broadened export trade in recent years. High value-added goods and services, including microchips, have further bolstered exports. Tourism continues to bring in foreign exchange, as Costa Rica's impressive biodiversity makes it a key destination for ecotourism. Foreign investors remain attracted by the country's political stability and relatively high education levels, as well as the incentives offered in the free-trade zones; and Costa Rica has attracted one of the highest levels of foreign direct investment per capita in Latin America. However, many business impediments remain, such as high levels of bureaucracy, legal uncertainty due to overlapping and at times conflicting responsibilities between agencies, difficulty of enforcing contracts, and weak investor protection. Poverty has remained around 20-25% for nearly 20 years, and the strong social safety net that had been put into place by the government has eroded due to increased financial constraints on government expenditures. Unlike the rest of Central America, Costa Rica is not highly dependent on remittances as they only represent about 2% of GDP. Immigration from Nicaragua has increasingly become a concern for the government. The estimated 300,000-500,000 Nicaraguans in Costa Rica legally and illegally are an important source of mostly unskilled labor but also place heavy demands on the social welfare system. The US-Central American-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) entered into force on 1 January 2009 after significant delays within the Costa Rican legislature. CAFTA-DR has increased foreign direct investment in key sectors of the economy, including the insurance and telecommunications sectors recently opened to private investors. President CHINCHILLA was not able to gain legislative approval for fiscal reform, her top priority, though she continued to pursue fiscal reform in 2012. President CHINCHILLA and the PLN were successful in passing a tax on corporations to fund an increase for security services." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$59.79 billion (2012 est.); $56.94 billion (2011 est.); $54.65 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$45.13 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "5% (2012 est.); 4.2% (2011 est.); 4.7% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$12,800 (2012 est.); $12,300 (2011 est.); $12,000 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "15.7% of GDP (2012 est.); 16.3% of GDP (2011 est.); 17.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "65.1%", + "government_consumption": "17.9%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.2%", + "investment_in_inventories": "1%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "37.7%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-41.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "6.2%", + "industry": "21.5%", + "services": "72.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "bananas, pineapples, coffee, melons, ornamental plants, sugar, corn, rice, beans, potatoes; beef, poultry, dairy; timber" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "microprocessors, food processing, medical equipment, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "2.182 million", + "note": "this official estimate excludes Nicaraguans living in Costa Rica (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "14%", + "industry": "22%", + "services": "64% (2006 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "7.8% (2012 est.); 6.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "24.8% (2011 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "1.2%", + "highest_10%": "39.5% (2009 est.)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "50.3 (2009); 45.9 (1997)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$6.506 billion", + "expenditures": "$8.501 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "14.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-4.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "51.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 46.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "4.5% (2012 est.); 4.9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "21.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 23% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "18.21% (31 December 2012 est.); 16.15% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$3.871 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $3.693 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$20.09 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $18.68 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$22.14 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $19.21 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$1.443 billion (31 December 2011); $1.445 billion (31 December 2010); $1.452 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$2.556 billion (2012 est.); -$2.2 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$11.44 billion (2012 est.); $10.38 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "bananas, pineapples, coffee, melons, ornamental plants, sugar; beef; seafood; electronic components, medical equipment" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 30.7%, China 13.2%, Netherlands 10.4%, UK 9%, Mexico 9% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$16.75 billion (2012 est.); $15.53 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment, petroleum, construction materials" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "US 46.2%, Mexico 6.4%, Japan 6.1%, China 5.8% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$6.857 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.756 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$13.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.29 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$18.61 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $16.34 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$1.131 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $704.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Costa Rican colones (CRC) per US dollar -; 502.9 (2012 est.); 505.66 (2011 est.); 525.83 (2010 est.); 573.29 (2009); 530.41 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "9.47 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "8.53 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "38 million kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "62 million kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "2.49 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "24.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "61.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "13.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "7,361 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "12,090 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "50,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "737.1 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "39,200 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "6.411 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "1.234 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "4.358 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "good domestic telephone service in terms of breadth of coverage; under the terms of CAFTA-DR, the state-run telecommunications monopoly is scheduled to be opened to competition from domestic and international firms, but has been slow to open to competition", + "domestic": "point-to-point and point-to-multi-point microwave, fiber-optic, and coaxial cable link rural areas; Internet service is available", + "international": "country code - 506; landing points for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), MAYA-1, and the Pan American Crossing submarine cables that provide links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "multiple privately owned TV stations and 1 publicly owned TV station; cable network services are widely available; more than 100 privately owned radio stations and a public radio network (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".cr" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "147,258 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "1.485 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "161 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "47", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", + "914_to_1_523_m": "27", + "under_914_m": "16 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "114", + "914_to_1_523_m": "18", + "under_914_m": "96 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "refined products 662 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "278 km", + "narrow_gauge": "278 km 1.067-m gauge", + "note": "none of the railway network is in use (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "39,018 km", + "paved": "10,133 km", + "unpaved": "28,885 km (2010)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "730 km (seasonally navigable by small craft) (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "1", + "by_type": "passenger/cargo 1 (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean) Puerto Limon; Pacific Ocean - Caldera" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "no regular military forces; Ministry of Public Security, Government, and Police (2011)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,255,798", + "females_age_16_49": "1,230,202 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,058,419", + "females_age_16_49": "1,037,053 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "42,201", + "female": "40,444 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.8% of GDP", + "note": "includes public security and police expenditures (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "the ICJ had given Costa Rica until January 2008 to reply and Nicaragua until July 2008 to rejoin before rendering its decision on the navigation, security, and commercial rights of Costa Rican vessels on the Rio San Juan over which Nicaragua retains sovereignty" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "10,305 (Colombia) (2012)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transshipment country for cocaine and heroin from South America; illicit production of cannabis in remote areas; domestic cocaine consumption, particularly crack cocaine, is rising; significant consumption of amphetamines; seizures of smuggled cash in Costa Rica and at the main border crossing to enter Costa Rica from Nicaragua have risen in recent years (2008)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america/gt-guatemala.json b/central-america/gt-guatemala.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dc003da3 --- /dev/null +++ b/central-america/gt-guatemala.json @@ -0,0 +1,618 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The Maya civilization flourished in Guatemala and surrounding regions during the first millennium A.D. After almost three centuries as a Spanish colony, Guatemala won its independence in 1821. During the second half of the 20th century, it experienced a variety of military and civilian governments, as well as a 36-year guerrilla war. In 1996, the government signed a peace agreement formally ending the conflict, which had left more than 200,000 people dead and had created, by some estimates, some 1 million refugees. In January 2012, Guatemala assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2012-13 term." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Mexico, and bordering the Gulf of Honduras (Caribbean Sea) between Honduras and Belize" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "15 30 N, 90 15 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "108,889 sq km", + "land": "107,159 sq km", + "water": "1,730 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Tennessee" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "1,687 km", + "border_countries": "Belize 266 km, El Salvador 203 km, Honduras 256 km, Mexico 962 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "400 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Volcan Tajumulco 4,211 m", + "note": "highest point in Central America" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "13.78%", + "permanent_crops": "8.68%", + "other": "77.55% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "3,121 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "111.3 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "3.46 cu km/yr (15%/31%/54%)", + "per_capita": "259.1 cu m/yr (2006)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "numerous volcanoes in mountains, with occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast extremely susceptible to hurricanes and other tropical storms", + "volcanism": "significant volcanic activity in the Sierra Madre range; Santa Maria (elev. 3,772 m) has been deemed a \"Decade Volcano\" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Pacaya (elev. 2,552 m), which erupted in May 2010 causing an ashfall on Guatemala City and prompting evacuations, is one of the country's most active volcanoes with frequent eruptions since 1965; other historically active volcanoes include Acatenango, Almolonga, Atitlan, Fuego, and Tacana" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation in the Peten rainforest; soil erosion; water pollution" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "no natural harbors on west coast" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Guatemalan(s)", + "adjective": "Guatemalan" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Mestizo (mixed Amerindian-Spanish - in local Spanish called Ladino) and European 59.4%, K'iche 9.1%, Kaqchikel 8.4%, Mam 7.9%, Q'eqchi 6.3%, other Mayan 8.6%, indigenous non-Mayan 0.2%, other 0.1% (2001 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Spanish (official) 60%, Amerindian languages 40%", + "note": "there are 23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic, Protestant, indigenous Mayan beliefs" + }, + "demographic_profile": { + "text": "Guatemala is a predominantly poor country that struggles in several areas of health and development, including infant, child, and maternal mortality, malnutrition, literacy, and contraceptive awareness and use. The large indigenous population is disproportionately affected. Guatemala is the most populous country in Central America and has the highest fertility rate in Latin America. It also has the highest population growth rate in Latin America, which is likely to continue in the long term because of its large reproductive-age population and high birth rate. Almost half of Guatemala's population is under age 19, making it the youngest population in Latin America. Guatemala's total fertility rate has slowly declined during the last few decades due in part to limited government-funded health programs. However, the birth rate is still more than three children per woman and is markedly higher among its rural and indigenous populations. Guatemalans have a history of emigrating legally and illegally to Mexico, the United States, and Canada because of a lack of economic opportunity, political instability, and natural disasters. Emigration, primarily to the United States, escalated during the 1960-1996 civil war and accelerated after a peace agreement was signed. Thousands of Guatemalans who fled to Mexico returned after the war, but labor migration to southern Mexico continues." + }, + "population": { + "text": "14,373,472 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "36.8% (male 2,691,572/female 2,591,873)", + "15_24_years": "22.2% (male 1,599,368/female 1,592,830)", + "25_54_years": "31.8% (male 2,170,071/female 2,402,330)", + "55_64_years": "5.1% (male 354,266/female 380,414)", + "65_years_and_over": "4.1% (male 274,254/female 316,494) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "81.8 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "73.5 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "8.3 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "12.1 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "20.7 years", + "male": "20 years", + "female": "21.3 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.91% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "25.99 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "4.87 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-2.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "49% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "GUATEMALA CITY (capital) 1.075 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.94 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.87 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.97 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "20.3", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2009 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "120 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "24.32 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "26.44 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "22.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "71.46 years", + "male": "69.56 years", + "female": "73.45 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "3.08 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "43.3% (2002)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "6.9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.9 physicians/1,000 population (1999)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.6 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 87% of population; total: 92% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 13% of population; total: 8% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 87% of population; rural: 70% of population; total: 88% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 13% of population; rural: 30% of population; total: 22% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.8% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "62,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "2,600 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever and malaria (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "19.2% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "13% (2009)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "2.8% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "75.9%", + "male": "81.2%", + "female": "71.1% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "11 years", + "male": "11 years", + "female": "10 years (2007)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "929,852", + "percentage": "21 %", + "note": "data represents children ages 5-17 (2006 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "7.1% (2011)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Guatemala", + "conventional_short_form": "Guatemala", + "local_long_form": "Republica de Guatemala", + "local_short_form": "Guatemala" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "constitutional democratic republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Guatemala City", + "geographic_coordinates": "14 37 N, 90 31 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "22 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, El Progreso, Escuintla, Guatemala, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Peten, Quetzaltenango, Quiche, Retalhuleu, Sacatepequez, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola, Suchitepequez, Totonicapan, Zacapa" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "15 September 1821 (from Spain)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; suspended 25 May 1993; reinstated 5 June 1993; amended November 1993" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; the Congress ratified Statute of Rome on 18 January 2012, and ICCt jurisdiction entered into force on 23 February 2012" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal; note - active duty members of the armed forces and police may not vote by law and are restricted to their barracks on election day" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Otto Fernando PEREZ MOLINA (since 14 January 2012); Vice President Ingrid Roxana BALDETTI Elias (since 14 January 2012); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Otto Fernando PEREZ MOLINA (since 14 January 2012); Vice President Ingrid Roxana BALDETTI Elias (since 14 January 2012)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", + "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a four-year term (may not serve consecutive terms); election last held on 11 September 2011; runoff held on 6 November 2011 (next to be held in September 2015)", + "election_results": "Otto Fernando PEREZ MOLINA elected president in a runoff election; percent of vote - Otto Fernando PEREZ MOLINA 53.7%, Manuel BALDIZON 46.3%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral Congress of the Republic or Congreso de la Republica (158 seats; members elected through a party list proportional representation system)", + "elections": "last held on 11 September 2011 (next to be held in September 2015)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - PP 26.62%, UNE-GANA 22.67%, UNC 9.50%, LIDER 8.87%, CREO 8.67%, VIVA-EG 7.87%, Winaq-URNG-ANN 3.23%, PAN 3.12%, FRG 2.74%, PU 2.70%, other 3.59%; seats by party - PP 57, UNE-GANA 48, LIDER 14, UCN 14, CREO 12, VIVA-EG 6, PAN 2, Winaq-URNG-ANN 2, FRG 1, PU 1, Victoria 1; note - changes in party affiliation now reflect the following seat distribution: as of 15 April 2013 - PP 59, LIDER 36, TODOS 16, CREO 9, GANA 8, independents 7, UNE 7, EG 3, PU 3, UCN 3, FRG 2, PAN 1, URNG 1, Victoria 1, VIVA 1, Winaq 1" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 13 magistrates including the court president and organized into several chambers); note - the court president also supervises trial judges countrywide; Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitcionalidad (consists of 5 judges and 5 alternates)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court magistrates elected by the Congress of the Republic from candidates proposed by the Postulation Committee, an independent body of deans of the country's university law schools, representatives of the country's law associations, and representatives of the Court of Appeal and other tribunals; magistrates elected for renewable 5-year terms; Constitutional Court judges - 1 elected by the Congress of the Republic, 1 by the Supreme Court president, 1 by the president of the republic, 1 by the University of San Carlos, and one by the BAR association; judges elected for concurrent 5-year terms; the presidency of the court rotates among the magistrates for a single 1-year term", + "subordinate_courts": "numerous first instance and appellate courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Commitment, Renewal, and Order or CREO [Rodolfo NEUTZE]; Democratic Union or UD [Edwin Armando MARTINEZ Herrera]; Encounter for Guatemala or EG [Nineth MONTENEGRO]; Everyone Together for Guatemala or TODOS [Jorge Mario BARRIOS Falla]; Grand National Alliance or GANA [Jaime Antonio MARTINEZ Lohayza]; Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or URNG [Hector Alfredo NUILA Ericastilla]; Guatemalan Republican Front or FRG [Luis Fernando PEREZ]; National Advancement Party or PAN [Juan GUTIERREZ]; National Unity for Hope or UNE; National Welfare or Bien [Sandra TORRES]; Nationalist Change Union or UCN [Mario ESTRADA]; New National Alternative or ANN [Pablo MONSANTO]; Patriot Party or PP [Ingrid Roxana BALDETTI Elias]; Renewed Democratic Liberty or LIDER [Manuel BALDIZON]; Unionista Party or PU [Alvaro ARZU Irigoyen]; Victoria (Victory) [Abraham RIVERA]; Vision with Values or VIVA [Manuel Alfredo VILLACORTA Miron] (part of a coalition with EG during the last legislative election); Winaq [Rigoberta MENCHU]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Alliance Against Impunity or AI (which includes among others Center for Legal Action on Human Rights (CALDH), and Family and Friends of the Disappeared of Guatemala (FAMDEGUA)); Agrarian Owners Group or UNAGRO; Committee for Campesino Unity or CUC; Coordinating Committee of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Associations or CACIF (which includes among others the Agrarian Chamber (CAMAGRO) and the Industry Chamber of Guatemala (CIG)); Guatemalan Chamber of Commerce (Camara de Comercio); International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala or CICIG; Mutual Support Group or GAM; Movimiento PRO-Justicia" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Francisco VILLAGRAN de Leon", + "chancery": "2220 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 745-4952", + "fax": "[1] (202) 745-1908", + "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Chicago, Denver, Houston, McAllen (TX), Miami, New York, Phoenix, San Francisco" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Arnold A. CHACON", + "embassy": "7-01 Avenida Reforma, Zone 10, Guatemala City", + "mailing_address": "DPO AA 34024", + "telephone": "[502] 2326-4000", + "fax": "[502] 2326-4654" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue, with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the national bird) representing liberty and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Spain) all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles signifying Guatemala's willingness to defend itself and a pair of crossed swords representing honor and framed by a laurel wreath symbolizing victory; the blue bands stand for the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea and the sea and sky; the white band denotes peace and purity" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "quetzal (bird)" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Himno Nacional de Guatemala\" (National Anthem of Guatemala)", + "lyrics_music": "Jose Joaquin PALMA/Rafael Alvarez OVALLE", + "note": "adopted 1897, modified lyrics adopted 1934; Cuban poet Jose Joaquin PALMA anonymously submitted lyrics to a public contest calling for a national anthem; his authorship was not discovered until 1911" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Guatemala is the most populous country in Central America with a GDP per capita roughly one-half that of the average for Latin America and the Caribbean. The agricultural sector accounts for 13% of GDP and 38% of the labor force; key agricultural exports include coffee, sugar, bananas, and vegetables. The 1996 peace accords, which ended 36 years of civil war, removed a major obstacle to foreign investment, and since then Guatemala has pursued important reforms and macroeconomic stabilization. The Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) entered into force in July 2006 spurring increased investment and diversification of exports, with the largest increases in ethanol and non-traditional agricultural exports. While CAFTA-DR has helped improve the investment climate, concerns over security, the lack of skilled workers and poor infrastructure continue to hamper foreign direct investment. The distribution of income remains highly unequal with the richest 20% of the population accounting for more than 51% of Guatemala's overall consumption. More than half of the population is below the national poverty line and 13% of the population lives in extreme poverty. Poverty among indigenous groups, which make up 38% of the population, averages 73% and extreme poverty rises to 28%. Nearly one-half of Guatemala's children under age five are chronically malnourished, one of the highest malnutrition rates in the world. Given Guatemala''s large expatriate community in the United States, it is the top remittance recipient in Central America, with inflows serving as a primary source of foreign income equivalent to nearly two-fifths of exports or one-tenth of GDP. Economic growth fell in 2009 as export demand from US and other Central American markets dropped and foreign investment slowed amid the global recession. The economy gradually recovered in 2010-12." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$79.97 billion (2012 est.); $77.64 billion (2011 est.); $74.55 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$49.88 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "3% (2012 est.); 4.1% (2011 est.); 2.9% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$5,300 (2012 est.); $5,300 (2011 est.); $5,200 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "85.7%", + "government_consumption": "10.7%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "14.6%", + "investment_in_inventories": "-0.2%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "24.9%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-35.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "13.4%", + "industry": "23.7%", + "services": "62.9% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "sugarcane, corn, bananas, coffee, beans, cardamom; cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "4.359 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "38%", + "industry": "14%", + "services": "48% (2011 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "4.1% (2011 est.); 3.5% (2010 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "54% (2011 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "1.3%", + "highest_10%": "42.4% (2006)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "55.1 (2007); 55.8 (1998)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$5.856 billion", + "expenditures": "$7.062 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "11.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-2.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "29.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 28.9% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "3.8% (2012 est.); 6.2% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "13.49% (31 December 2012 est.); 13.43% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$7.975 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.506 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$21.76 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $20.64 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$20.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $18.31 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$2.039 billion (2012 est.); -$1.523 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$10.09 billion (2012 est.); $10.52 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "coffee, sugar, petroleum, apparel, bananas, fruits and vegetables, cardamom" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 39.2%, El Salvador 11.4%, Honduras 6.8%, Mexico 5.4%, Nicaragua 4% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$15.84 billion (2012 est.); $15.48 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, grain, fertilizers, electricity, mineral products, chemical products, plastic materials and products" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "US 38.4%, Mexico 11.9%, China 8.3%, El Salvador 5.1%, Colombia 4.2% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$6.694 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.184 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$16.79 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $16.29 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "quetzales (GTQ) per US dollar -; 7.8336 (2012 est.); 7.7854 (2011 est.); 8.0578 (2010 est.); 8.1616 (2009); 7.5895 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "8.146 billion kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "8.161 billion kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "193.3 million kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "525.6 million kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "2.673 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "58.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "29.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "12.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "10,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "12,620 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "83.07 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "1,132 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "80,810 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "4,162 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "68,910 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "2.96 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "12.97 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "1.626 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "20.716 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "fairly modern network centered in the city of Guatemala", + "domestic": "state-owned telecommunications company privatized in the late 1990s opening the way for competition; fixed-line teledensity roughly 10 per 100 persons; fixed-line investments are being concentrated on improving rural connectivity; mobile-cellular teledensity approaching 150 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 502; landing point for both the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the SAM-1 fiber optic submarine cable system that together provide connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "4 privately owned national terrestrial TV channels dominate TV broadcasting; multi-channel satellite and cable services are available; 1 government-owned radio station and hundreds of privately owned radio stations (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".gt" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "357,552 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "2.279 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "291 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "16", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", + "914_to_1_523_m": "6", + "under_914_m": "4 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "275", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", + "914_to_1_523_m": "77", + "under_914_m": "195 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "1 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "oil 480 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "332 km", + "narrow_gauge": "332 km 0.914-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "11,501 km", + "paved": "6,797 km (includes 127 km of expressways)", + "unpaved": "4,704 km (2010)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "990 km (260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during high-water season) (2012)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Puerto Quetzal, Santo Tomas de Castilla" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "National Army of Guatemala (Ejercito Nacional de Guatemala, ENG; includes Guatemalan Navy (Fuerza de Mar, including Marines), Guatemalan Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Guatemalteca, FAG)) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "all male citizens between the ages of 18 and 50 are liable for military service; in practice, a selective draft system is employed, with only a small portion of 17-21 year-olds conscripted; conscript service obligation varies from 1 to 2 years; women can serve as officers (2013)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "3,165,870", + "females_age_16_49": "3,371,217 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,590,843", + "females_age_16_49": "2,926,544 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "171,092", + "female": "168,151 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.4% of GDP (2009)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "annual ministerial meetings under the Organization of American States-initiated Agreement on the Framework for Negotiations and Confidence Building Measures continue to address Guatemalan land and maritime claims in Belize and the Caribbean Sea; Guatemala persists in its territorial claim to half of Belize, but agrees to Line of Adjacency to keep Guatemalan squatters out of Belize's forested interior; both countries agreed in April 2012 to hold simultaneous referenda, scheduled for 6 October 2013, to decide whether to refer the dispute to the ICJ for binding resolution; Mexico must deal with thousands of impoverished Guatemalans and other Central Americans who cross the porous border looking for work in Mexico and the United States" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "idps": "undetermined (more than three decades of internal conflict that ended in 1996 displaced mainly the indigenous Maya population and rural peasants; ongoing drug cartel and gang violence) (2011)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "major transit country for cocaine and heroin; in 2005, cultivated 100 hectares of opium poppy after reemerging as a potential source of opium in 2004; potential production of less than 1 metric ton of pure heroin; marijuana cultivation for mostly domestic consumption; proximity to Mexico makes Guatemala a major staging area for drugs (particularly for cocaine); money laundering is a serious problem; corruption is a major problem" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america/hn-honduras.json b/central-america/hn-honduras.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..19bfa281 --- /dev/null +++ b/central-america/hn-honduras.json @@ -0,0 +1,624 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Once part of Spain's vast empire in the New World, Honduras became an independent nation in 1821. After two and a half decades of mostly military rule, a freely elected civilian government came to power in 1982. During the 1980s, Honduras proved a haven for anti-Sandinista contras fighting the Marxist Nicaraguan Government and an ally to Salvadoran Government forces fighting leftist guerrillas. The country was devastated by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, which killed about 5,600 people and caused approximately $2 billion in damage. Since then, the economy has slowly rebounded." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the Gulf of Fonseca (North Pacific Ocean), between El Salvador and Nicaragua" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "15 00 N, 86 30 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "112,090 sq km", + "land": "111,890 sq km", + "water": "200 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly larger than Tennessee" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "1,520 km", + "border_countries": "Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua 922 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "Caribbean Sea 669 km; Gulf of Fonseca 163 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "natural extension of territory or to 200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", + "highest_point": "Cerro Las Minas 2,870 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "9.07%", + "permanent_crops": "3.91%", + "other": "87.02% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "878.5 sq km (2007)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "95.93 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "2.12 cu km/yr (16%/23%/61%)", + "per_capita": "295.6 cu m/yr (2006)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; extremely susceptible to damaging hurricanes and floods along the Caribbean coast" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "urban population expanding; deforestation results from logging and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes; further land degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled development and improper land use practices such as farming of marginal lands; mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa (the country's largest source of fresh water), as well as several rivers and streams, with heavy metals" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "has only a short Pacific coast but a long Caribbean shoreline, including the virtually uninhabited eastern Mosquito Coast" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Honduran(s)", + "adjective": "Honduran" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian 7%, black 2%, white 1%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Spanish (official), Amerindian dialects" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant 3%" + }, + "demographic_profile": { + "text": "Honduras is one of the poorest countries in Latin America and has the world's highest murder rate. More than half of the population lives in poverty and per capita income is one of the lowest in the region. Poverty rates are higher among rural and indigenous people and in the south, west, and along the eastern border than in the north and central areas where most of Honduras' industries and infrastructure are concentrated. The increased productivity needed to break Honduras' persistent high poverty rate depends, in part, on further improvements in educational attainment. Although primary-school enrollment is near 100%, educational quality is poor, the drop-out rate and grade repetition remain high, and teacher and school accountability is low. Honduras' population growth rate has slowed since the 1990s, but it remains high at nearly 2% annually because the birth rate averages approximately three children per woman and more among rural, indigenous, and poor women. Consequently, Honduras' young adult population - ages 15 to 29 - is projected to continue growing rapidly for the next three decades and then stabilize or slowly shrink. Population growth and limited job prospects outside of agriculture will continue to drive emigration. Remittances represent about a fifth of GDP." + }, + "population": { + "text": "8,448,465 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "35.5% (male 1,530,385/female 1,466,136)", + "15_24_years": "21.2% (male 913,818/female 878,340)", + "25_54_years": "34.8% (male 1,482,548/female 1,459,341)", + "55_64_years": "4.6% (male 178,514/female 208,243)", + "65_years_and_over": "3.9% (male 145,626/female 185,514) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "65.8 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "58.4 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.4 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "13.6 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "21.6 years", + "male": "21.3 years", + "female": "22 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.79% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "24.16 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "5.09 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "52% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "TEGUCIGALPA (capital) 1 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.85 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.79 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "20.1 (2006 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "100 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "19.28 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "21.83 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "16.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "70.81 years", + "male": "69.14 years", + "female": "72.56 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.94 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "65.2% (2005/06)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "6.8% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.57 physicians/1,000 population (2000)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 79% of population; total: 87% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 21% of population; total: 13% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 85% of population; rural: 69% of population; total: 77% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 15% of population; rural: 31% of population; total: 23% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.8% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "39,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "2,500 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever and malaria (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "18.4% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "8.6% (2006)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "85.1%", + "male": "85.3%", + "female": "84.9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "12 years", + "male": "11 years", + "female": "12 years (2010)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "280,809", + "percentage": "16 % (2002 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "7%", + "male": "5.2%", + "female": "11.2% (2005)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Honduras", + "conventional_short_form": "Honduras", + "local_long_form": "Republica de Honduras", + "local_short_form": "Honduras" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "democratic constitutional republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Tegucigalpa", + "geographic_coordinates": "14 06 N, 87 13 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "daylight_saving_time": "none scheduled for 2013" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "18 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Atlantida, Choluteca, Colon, Comayagua, Copan, Cortes, El Paraiso, Francisco Morazan, Gracias a Dios, Intibuca, Islas de la Bahia, La Paz, Lempira, Ocotepeque, Olancho, Santa Barbara, Valle, Yoro" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "15 September 1821 (from Spain)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended many times" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Porfirio LOBO Sosa (since 27 January 2010); Vice President Maria Antonieta GUILLEN de Bogran (since 27 January 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Porfirio LOBO Sosa (since 27 January 2010); Vice President Maria Antonieta GUILLEN de Bogran (since 27 January 2010)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by president", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held on 29 November 2009 (next to be held in November 2013)", + "election_results": "Porfirio LOBO Sosa elected president; percent of vote - Porfirio LOBO Sosa 56.3%, Elvin SANTOS Lozano 38.1%, other 5.6%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (128 seats; members elected proportionally by department to serve four-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 29 November 2009 (next to be held in November 2013)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PNH 71, PL 45, DC 5, UD 4, PINU 3" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (9 principal judges - including the court president - and 7 alternates; court organized into civil, criminal, and labor chambers); note - the court has both judicial and constitutional jurisdiction", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "court president elected by his peers; judges elected by the National Congress from candidates proposed by the Nominating Board, a diverse 7-member group of judicial officials, other government and non-government officials selected by each of their organizations; judges elected by Congress for renewable, 7-year terms", + "subordinate_courts": "courts of appeal; courts of first instance; peace courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Anti-Corruption Party or PAC [Salvador NASRALLA]; Christian Democratic Party or DC [Felicito AVILA Ordonez]; Broad Political Electoral Front in Resistance or FAPER [Andres PAVON]; Democratic Unification Party or UD [Cesar HAM]; Freedom and Refounding Party or LIBRE [Jose Manuel ZELAYA Rosales]; Liberal Party or PL [Elvin SANTOS Brito]; National Party of Honduras or PNH [Ricardo ALVAREZ]; Social Democratic Innovation and Unity Party or PINU [Jorge Rafael AGUILAR Paredes]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Beverage and Related Industries Syndicate or STIBYS; Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras or CODEH; Confederation of Honduran Workers or CTH; Coordinating Committee of Popular Organizations or CCOP; General Workers Confederation or CGT; Honduran Council of Private Enterprise or COHEP; National Association of Honduran Campesinos or ANACH; National Union of Campesinos or UNC; Popular Bloc or BP; United Confederation of Honduran Workers or CUTH; United Farm Workers' Movement of the Aguan (MUCA)" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC (suspended), IOM, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OAS (suspended), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO (suspended), WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jorge Ramon HERNANDEZ Alcerro", + "chancery": "Suite 4-M, 3007 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 966-2604", + "fax": "[1] (202) 966-9751", + "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Belmont (MA), Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Phoenix, San Francisco" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Lisa J. KUBISKE", + "embassy": "Avenida La Paz, Apartado Postal No. 3453, Tegucigalpa", + "mailing_address": "American Embassy, APO AA 34022, Tegucigalpa", + "telephone": "[504] 2236-9320, 2238-5114", + "fax": "[504] 2236-9037" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue, with five blue, five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band; the stars represent the members of the former Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; the blue bands symbolize the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea; the white band represents the land between the two bodies of water and the peace and prosperity of its people", + "note": "similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "scarlet macaw; white-tailed deer" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Himno Nacional de Honduras\" (National Anthem of Honduras)", + "lyrics_music": "Augusto Constancio COELLO/Carlos HARTLING", + "note": "adopted 1915; the anthem's seven verses chronicle Honduran history; on official occasions, only the chorus and last verse are sung" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Honduras, the second poorest country in Central America, suffers from extraordinarily unequal distribution of income, as well as high underemployment. While historically dependent on the export of bananas and coffee, Honduras has diversified its export base to include apparel and automobile wire harnessing. Nearly half of Honduras's economic activity is directly tied to the US, with exports to the US accounting for 30% of GDP and remittances for another 20%. The US-Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) came into force in 2006 and has helped foster foreign direct investment, but physical and political insecurity, as well as crime and perceptions of corruption, may deter potential investors; about 70% of FDI is from US firms. The economy registered modest economic growth of 3.0%-4.0% from 2010 to 2012, insufficient to improve living standards for the nearly 65% of the population in poverty. An 18-month IMF Standby Arrangement expired in March 2012 and was not renewed, due to the country's growing budget deficit and weak current account performance. Public sector workers complained of not receiving their salaries in November and December 2012, and government suppliers are owed at least several hundred million dollars in unpaid contracts. The government announced in January 2013 that loss-making public enterprises will be forced to submit financial rescue plans before receiving their budget allotments for 2013." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$38.42 billion (2012 est.); $37.2 billion (2011 est.); $35.86 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$18.39 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.3% (2012 est.); 3.7% (2011 est.); 3.7% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$4,700 (2012 est.); $4,600 (2011 est.); $4,600 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "16% of GDP (2012 est.); 18.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 16.6% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "78.6%", + "government_consumption": "16.2%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "25.4%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.1%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "49%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-69.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "13.9%", + "industry": "27.7%", + "services": "58.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "bananas, coffee, citrus, corn, African palm; beef; timber; shrimp, tilapia, lobster" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "sugar, coffee, woven and knit apparel, wood products, cigars" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "3.437 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "39.2%", + "industry": "20.9%", + "services": "39.8% (2005 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "4.5% (2012 est.); 4.9% (2011 est.)", + "note": "about one-third of the people are underemployed" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "60% (2010 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "0.4%", + "highest_10%": "42.4% (2009 est.)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "57.7 (2007); 53.8 (2003)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$3.074 billion", + "expenditures": "$4.169 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "16.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-6% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "34.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 32.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "5.2% (2012 est.); 6.8% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "6.25% (31 December 2010 est.); NA% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "18.45% (31 December 2012 est.); 18.56% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$1.913 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.154 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$9.112 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $8.127 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$10.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $9.576 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$1.661 billion (2012 est.); -$1.503 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$7.931 billion (2012 est.); $7.8 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "apparel, coffee, shrimp, automobile wire harnesses, cigars, bananas, gold, palm oil, fruit, lobster, lumber" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 40%, Germany 9.7%, El Salvador 6%, Belgium 5.9%, Guatemala 4.5%, Nicaragua 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$11.18 billion (2012 est.); $10.99 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and transport equipment, industrial raw materials, chemical products, fuels, foodstuffs" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "US 44.3%, Guatemala 8.5%, China 6%, El Salvador 5.6%, Mexico 5.5% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$2.533 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.793 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$4.782 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.452 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "lempiras (HNL) per US dollar -; 19.638 (2012 est.); 19.051 (2011 est.); 18.9 (2010 est.); 18.9 (2009); 18.983 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "6.326 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "4.8 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "46 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "100,000 kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "1.697 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "63.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "30.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "5.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "58,150 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "8,419 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "54,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "8.288 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "609,200 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "8.062 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "fixed-line connections are increasing but still limited; competition among multiple providers of mobile-cellular services is contributing to a sharp increase in subscribership", + "domestic": "beginning in 2003, private sub-operators allowed to provide fixed-lines in order to expand telephone coverage contributing to a small increase in fixed-line teledensity; mobile-cellular subscribership is roughly 100 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 504; landing point for both the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the MAYA-1 fiber-optic submarine cable system that together provide connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "multiple privately owned terrestrial TV networks, supplemented by multiple cable TV networks; Radio Honduras is the lone government-owned radio network; roughly 300 privately owned radio stations (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".hn" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "30,955 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "731,700 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "103 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "13", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", + "914_to_1_523_m": "4", + "under_914_m": "3 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "90", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "16", + "under_914_m": "73 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "44 km", + "narrow_gauge": "44 km 1.067-m gauge", + "note": "(4 km are in use) (2012)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "14,742 km", + "paved": "3,367 km", + "unpaved": "11,375 km (1,543 km summer only)", + "note": "there are another 8,951 km of non-offical roads used by the coffee industry (2012)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "465 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2012)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "88", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 5, cargo 39, carrier 2, chemical tanker 5, container 1, passenger 4, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 21, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 3", + "foreign_owned": "47 (Bahrain 5, Canada 1, Chile 1, China 2, Egypt 2, Greece 4, Israel 1, Japan 4, Lebanon 2, Montenegro 1, Panama 1, Singapore 11, South Korea 6, Taiwan 1, Thailand 2, UAE 1, UK 1, US 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "La Ceiba, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Honduran Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas de Honduras, FFAA): Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry), Honduran Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Hondurena, FAH) (2012)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary 2- to 3-year military service; no conscription (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,045,914", + "females_age_16_49": "1,991,418 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,525,578", + "females_age_16_49": "1,539,688 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "95,895", + "female": "92,087 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.5% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled on the delimitation of \"bolsones\" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras border in 1992 with final settlement by the parties in 2006 after an Organization of American States survey and a further ICJ ruling in 2003; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca with consideration of Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not mentioned in the ICJ ruling, off Honduras in the Gulf of Fonseca; Honduras claims the Belizean-administered Sapodilla Cays off the coast of Belize in its constitution, but agreed to a joint ecological park around the cays should Guatemala consent to a maritime corridor in the Caribbean under the OAS-sponsored 2002 Belize-Guatemala Differendum" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Honduras is a source and transit country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; Honduran women and girls, and, to a lesser extent, women and girls from neighboring countries, are forced into prostitution in urban and tourist centers; Honduran women and girls are also exploited in sex trafficking in other countries in the region, including Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, and the US; Honduran adults and children are subjected to forced labor in Guatemala, Mexico, and the US and domestically in agriculture and domestic service; gangs coerce some young men to transport drugs or be hit men", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Honduras does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government maintains limited law enforcement efforts against child sex trafficking offenders but has held no offenders accountable for the forced labor or forced prostitution of adults; most trafficking offenders are prosecuted under non-trafficking statutes that prescribe lower penalties; government efforts to identify, refer, and assist trafficking victims are inadequate, and most services for victims are provided by NGOs without government funding (2013)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; some money-laundering activity" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america/ni-nicaragua.json b/central-america/ni-nicaragua.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4f3b431b --- /dev/null +++ b/central-america/ni-nicaragua.json @@ -0,0 +1,610 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The Pacific coast of Nicaragua was settled as a Spanish colony from Panama in the early 16th century. Independence from Spain was declared in 1821 and the country became an independent republic in 1838. Britain occupied the Caribbean Coast in the first half of the 19th century, but gradually ceded control of the region in subsequent decades. Violent opposition to governmental manipulation and corruption spread to all classes by 1978 and resulted in a short-lived civil war that brought the Marxist Sandinista guerrillas to power in 1979. Nicaraguan aid to leftist rebels in El Salvador caused the US to sponsor anti-Sandinista contra guerrillas through much of the 1980s. After losing free and fair elections in 1990, 1996, and 2001, former Sandinista President Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra was elected president in 2006 and reelected in 2011. The 2008 municipal elections, 2010 regional elections, November 2011 presidential elections, and 2012 municipal elections were marred by widespread irregularities. Nicaragua's infrastructure and economy - hard hit by the earlier civil war and by Hurricane Mitch in 1998 - are slowly being rebuilt, but democratic institutions have been weakened under the ORTEGA administration." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Costa Rica and Honduras" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "13 00 N, 85 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "130,370 sq km", + "land": "119,990 sq km", + "water": "10,380 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than New York state" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "1,231 km", + "border_countries": "Costa Rica 309 km, Honduras 922 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "910 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "continental_shelf": "natural prolongation" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by volcanoes" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Mogoton 2,438 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "14.57%", + "permanent_crops": "1.76%", + "other": "83.66% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "942.4 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "196.6 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "1.39 cu km/yr (23%/4%/73%)", + "per_capita": "265.9 cu m/yr (2008)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "destructive earthquakes; volcanoes; landslides; extremely susceptible to hurricanes", + "volcanism": "significant volcanic activity; Cerro Negro (elev. 728 m), which last erupted in 1999, is one of Nicaragua's most active volcanoes; its lava flows and ash have been known to cause significant damage to farmland and buildings; other historically active volcanoes include Concepcion, Cosiguina, Las Pilas, Masaya, Momotombo, San Cristobal, and Telica" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "largest country in Central America; contains the largest freshwater body in Central America, Lago de Nicaragua" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Nicaraguan(s)", + "adjective": "Nicaraguan" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 69%, white 17%, black 9%, Amerindian 5%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Spanish (official) 97.5%, Miskito 1.7%, other 0.8% (1995 census)", + "note": "English and indigenous languages found on the Atlantic coast" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 58.5%, Protestant 23.2% (Evangelical 21.6%, Moravian 1.6%), Jehovah's Witnesses 0.9%, other 1.7%, none 15.7% (2005 census)" + }, + "demographic_profile": { + "text": "Despite being one of the poorest countries in Latin America, Nicaragua has improved its access to potable water and sanitation and has ameliorated its life expectancy, infant and child mortality, and immunization rates. However, income distribution is very uneven, and the poor, agriculturalists, and indigenous people continue to have less access to healthcare services. Nicaragua's total fertility rate has fallen from around 6 children per woman in 1980 to just above replacement level today, but the high birth rate among adolescents perpetuates a cycle of poverty and low educational attainment. Nicaraguans emigrate primarily to Costa Rica and to a lesser extent the United States. Nicaraguan men have been migrating seasonally to Costa Rica to harvest bananas and coffee since the early 20th century. Political turmoil, civil war, and natural disasters from the 1970s through the 1990s dramatically increased the flow of refugees and permanent migrants seeking jobs, higher wages, and better social and healthcare benefits. Since 2000, Nicaraguan emigration to Costa Rica has slowed and stabilized. Today roughly 300,000 Nicaraguans are permanent residents of Costa Rica - about 75% of the foreign population - and thousands more migrate seasonally for work, many illegally." + }, + "population": { + "text": "5,788,531 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "30% (male 886,490/female 852,690)", + "15_24_years": "22.5% (male 653,868/female 651,076)", + "25_54_years": "37.4% (male 1,024,395/female 1,143,011)", + "55_64_years": "5.2% (male 141,026/female 162,159)", + "65_years_and_over": "4.7% (male 123,878/female 149,938) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "59.9 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "52.5 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.4 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "13.5 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "23.7 years", + "male": "22.8 years", + "female": "24.6 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.05% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "18.77 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "5.06 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-3.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "57% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "MANAGUA (capital) 934,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.9 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.87 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.83 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "19.7", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2007 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "95 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "21.09 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "24.19 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "17.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "72.45 years", + "male": "70.32 years", + "female": "74.68 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.03 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "72.4% (2006/07)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "9.1% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.37 physicians/1,000 population (2003)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "0.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 68% of population; total: 85% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 32% of population; total: 15% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 63% of population; rural: 37% of population; total: 52% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 37% of population; rural: 63% of population; total: 48% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.2% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "6,900 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever and malaria (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "22.2% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "5.7% (2007)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "4.7% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "78%", + "male": "78.1%", + "female": "77.9% (2005 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "11 years", + "male": "11 years", + "female": "11 years (2003)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "223,992", + "percentage": "14 %", + "note": "data represents children ages 5-17 (2005 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "8.6%", + "male": "8.1%", + "female": "9.7% (2006)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Nicaragua", + "conventional_short_form": "Nicaragua", + "local_long_form": "Republica de Nicaragua", + "local_short_form": "Nicaragua" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Managua", + "geographic_coordinates": "12 08 N, 86 15 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "15 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 2 autonomous regions* (regiones autonomistas, singular - region autonoma); Atlantico Norte*, Atlantico Sur*, Boaco, Carazo, Chinandega, Chontales, Esteli, Granada, Jinotega, Leon, Madriz, Managua, Masaya, Matagalpa, Nueva Segovia, Rio San Juan, Rivas" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "15 September 1821 (from Spain)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "9 January 1987; revised in 1995, 2000, and 2005" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system; Supreme Court may review administrative acts" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "16 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (since 10 January 2007); Vice President Moises Omar HALLESLEVENS Acevedo (since 10 January 2012); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (since 10 January 2007); Vice President Moises Omar HALLESLEVENS Acevedo (since 10 January 2012)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president", + "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held on 6 November 2011 (next to be held by November 2016)", + "election_results": "Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra reelected president; percent of vote - Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra 62.5%, Fabio GADEA 31%, Arnoldo ALEMAN 5.9%, other 0.6%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (92 seats; 90 members elected by proportional representation and party lists to serve five-year terms; 1 seat for the previous president, 1 seat for the runner-up in previous presidential election)", + "elections": "last held on 6 November 2011 (next to be held by November 2016)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FSLN 64, PLI/MRS 26, PLC 2" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Corte Suprema de Justicia ( consists of 16 judges organized into administrative, civil, criminal, and constitutional chambers)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly to serve 5-year staggered terms", + "subordinate_courts": "Appeals Court; first instance civil, criminal, and military courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Alliance for the Republic or APRE [Carlos CANALES]; Conservative Party or PC [Alejandro BOLANOS Davis]; Independent Liberal Party or PLI [Indalecio RODRIGUEZ]; Liberal Constitutionalist Party or PLC [Maria Haydee OSUNA]; Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance or ALN [Alejandro MEJIA Ferreti]; Sandinista National Liberation Front or FSLN [Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]; Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS [Ana Margarita VIJIL]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "National Workers Front or FNT (a Sandinista umbrella group of eight labor unions including: Farm Workers Association or ATC, Health Workers Federation or FETASALUD, Heroes and Martyrs Confederation of Professional Associations or CONAPRO, National Association of Educators of Nicaragua or ANDEN, National Union of Employees or UNE, National Union of Farmers and Ranchers or UNAG, Sandinista Workers Central or CST, and Union of Journalists of Nicaragua or UPN); Permanent Congress of Workers or CPT (an umbrella group of four non-Sandinista labor unions including: Autonomous Nicaraguan Workers Central or CTN-A, Confederation of Labor Unification or CUS, Independent General Confederation of Labor or CGT-I, and Labor Action and Unity Central or CAUS); Nicaraguan Workers' Central or CTN (an independent labor union); Superior Council of Private Enterprise or COSEP (a confederation of business groups)" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Francisco Obadiah CAMPBELL Hooker", + "chancery": "1627 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 939-6570, 6573", + "fax": "[1] (202) 939-6545", + "consulates_general": "Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Phyllis M. POWERS", + "embassy": "Kilometer 5.5 Carretera Sur, Managua", + "mailing_address": "American Embassy Managua, APO AA 34021", + "telephone": "[505] 2252-7100, 2252-7888; 2252-7634 (after hours)", + "fax": "[505] 2252-7250" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on the top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; the banner is based on the former blue-white-blue flag of the Federal Republic of Central America; the blue bands symbolize the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, while the white band represents the land between the two bodies of water", + "note": "similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "turquoise-browed motmot (bird)" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Salve a ti, Nicaragua\" (Hail to Thee, Nicaragua)", + "lyrics_music": "Salomon Ibarra MAYORGA/traditional, arranged by Luis Abraham DELGADILLO", + "note": "although only officially adopted in 1971, the music was approved in 1918 and the lyrics in 1939; the tune, originally from Spain, was used as an anthem for Nicaragua from the 1830's until 1876" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Nicaragua, the poorest country in Central America and the second poorest in the Western Hemisphere, has widespread underemployment and poverty. The Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) has been in effect since April 2006 and has expanded export opportunities for many agricultural and manufactured goods. Textiles and agriculture combined account for nearly 50% of Nicaragua's exports. The ORTEGA administration's promotion of mixed business initiatives, owned by the Nicaraguan and Venezuelan state oil firms, together with the weak rule of law, could undermine the investment climate for domestic and international private firms in the near-term. Nicaragua relied on an IMF external credit facility to meet internal- and external-debt financing obligations. The most recent IMF program ended in 2011 and Nicaragua is currently in negotiations for a new program. Nicaragua depends heavily on foreign development assistance, however, donors have curtailed this funding in response to November 2008 and subsequent electoral fraud. Nicaragua still struggles with a high public debt burden, however, it succeeded in reducing that burden in 2011. The economy grew at a rate of about 4% in 2012." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$27.1 billion (2012 est.); $25.76 billion (2011 est.); $24.43 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$10.51 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "5.2% (2012 est.); 5.4% (2011 est.); 3.6% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$4,500 (2012 est.); $4,400 (2011 est.); $4,200 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "86.1%", + "government_consumption": "10.3%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "32.8%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "39.8%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-69.1% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "17.3%", + "industry": "25.9%", + "services": "56.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "coffee, bananas, sugarcane, rice, corn, tobacco, sesame, soya, beans; beef, veal, pork, poultry, dairy products; shrimp, lobsters, cotton" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "food processing, chemicals, machinery and metal products, knit and woven apparel, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages, footwear, wood, electric wire harness manufacturing, mining" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "2.961 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "28%", + "industry": "19%", + "services": "53% (2010 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "7.4% (2012 est.); 7.3% (2011 est.)", + "note": "underemployment was 46.5% in 2008" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "42.5% (2009)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "1.4%", + "highest_10%": "41.8% (2005)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "40.5 (2010); 60.3 (1998)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$2.728 billion", + "expenditures": "$2.752 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "26% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-0.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "59.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 61.4% of GDP (2011 est.)", + "note": "official data; data cover general Government Debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; Nicaragua rebased its GDP figures in 2012, which reduced the figures for debt as a percentage of GDP" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "7.2% (2012 est.); 8.1% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "3% (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "11.99% (31 December 2012 est.); 10.54% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$1.31 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.125 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$3.136 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $2.924 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$4.567 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.197 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$1.476 billion (2012 est.); -$1.259 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$4.157 billion (2012 est.); $3.655 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "coffee, beef, gold, sugar, peanuts, shrimp and lobster, tobacco, cigars, automobile wiring harnesses, textiles, apparel, cotton" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 54%, Canada 8.4%, Venezuela 7.4%, El Salvador 4.5% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$6.45 billion (2012 est.); $5.836 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "consumer goods, machinery and equipment, raw materials, petroleum products" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "US 18.8%, Venezuela 14.4%, Mexico 12.1%, Costa Rica 8.8%, China 7.8%, Guatemala 7.6%, El Salvador 5.1% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$1.887 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.892 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$7.926 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.309 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "cordobas (NIO) per US dollar -; 23.547 (2012 est.); 22.424 (2011 est.); 21.356 (2010 est.); 20.34 (2009); 19.374 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "3.824 billion kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "2.941 billion kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "40,560 kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "9,930 kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "1.108 million kW (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "66% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "9.5% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "24.5% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "16,020 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "14,680 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "30,690 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "999.6 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "15,830 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "4.825 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "287,600 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "4.822 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "system being upgraded by foreign investment; nearly all installed telecommunications capacity now uses digital technology, owing to investments since privatization of the formerly state-owned telecommunications company", + "domestic": "since privatization, access to fixed-line and mobile-cellular services has improved; fixed-line teledensity roughly 5 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscribership has increased to roughly 85 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 505; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber optic submarine cable provides connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region) and 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "multiple privately owned terrestrial TV networks, supplemented by cable TV in most urban areas; of more than 100 radio stations, nearly all are privately owned; Radio Nicaragua is government-owned and Radio Sandino is controlled by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".ni" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "296,068 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "199,800 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "147 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "12", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "2", + "914_to_1_523_m": "3", + "under_914_m": "4 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "135", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "15", + "under_914_m": "119 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "oil 54 km (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "19,137 km", + "paved": "2,033 km", + "unpaved": "17,104 km (2009)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "2,220 km (navigable waterways as well as the use of the large Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua; rivers serve only the sparsely populated eastern part of the country) (2011)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Bluefields, Corinto" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "National Army of Nicaragua (Ejercito Nacional de Nicaragua, ENN; includes Navy, Air Force) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; tour of duty 18-36 months; requires Nicaraguan nationality and 6th-grade education (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,452,107", + "females_age_16_49": "1,552,698 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,227,757", + "females_age_16_49": "1,335,653 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "69,093", + "female": "67,522 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "the 1992 ICJ ruling for El Salvador and Honduras advised a tripartite resolution to establish a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca, which considers Honduran access to the Pacific; legal dispute over navigational rights of San Juan River on border with Costa Rica" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transshipment point for cocaine destined for the US and transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america/pa-panama.json b/central-america/pa-panama.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..12637f2f --- /dev/null +++ b/central-america/pa-panama.json @@ -0,0 +1,631 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Explored and settled by the Spanish in the 16th century, Panama broke with Spain in 1821 and joined a union of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela - named the Republic of Gran Colombia. When the latter dissolved in 1830, Panama remained part of Colombia. With US backing, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903 and promptly signed a treaty with the US allowing for the construction of a canal and US sovereignty over a strip of land on either side of the structure (the Panama Canal Zone). The Panama Canal was built by the US Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914. In 1977, an agreement was signed for the complete transfer of the Canal from the US to Panama by the end of the century. Certain portions of the Zone and increasing responsibility over the Canal were turned over in the subsequent decades. With US help, dictator Manuel NORIEGA was deposed in 1989. The entire Panama Canal, the area supporting the Canal, and remaining US military bases were transferred to Panama by the end of 1999. In October 2006, Panamanians approved an ambitious plan (estimated to cost $5.3 billion) to expand the Canal. The project, which began in 2007 and could double the Canal's capacity, is expected to be completed in 2015." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "9 00 N, 80 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "75,420 sq km", + "land": "74,340 sq km", + "water": "1,080 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than South Carolina" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "555 km", + "border_countries": "Colombia 225 km, Costa Rica 330 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "2,490 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm or edge of continental margin" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "interior mostly steep, rugged mountains and dissected, upland plains; coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Volcan Baru 3,475 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "copper, mahogany forests, shrimp, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "7.16%", + "permanent_crops": "2.51%", + "other": "90.33% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "346.2 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "148 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.91 cu km/yr (27%/2%/71%)", + "per_capita": "296.1 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "occasional severe storms and forest fires in the Darien area" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "water pollution from agricultural runoff threatens fishery resources; deforestation of tropical rain forest; land degradation and soil erosion threatens siltation of Panama Canal; air pollution in urban areas; mining threatens natural resources" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Marine Life Conservation" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "strategic location on eastern end of isthmus forming land bridge connecting North and South America; controls Panama Canal that links North Atlantic Ocean via Caribbean Sea with North Pacific Ocean" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Panamanian(s)", + "adjective": "Panamanian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 70%, Amerindian and mixed (West Indian) 14%, white 10%, Amerindian 6%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Spanish (official), English 14%", + "note": "many Panamanians are bilingual" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 15%" + }, + "demographic_profile": { + "text": "Panama is a country of demographic and economic contrasts. It is in the midst of a demographic transition, characterized by steadily declining rates of fertility, mortality, and population growth, but disparities persist based on wealth, geography, and ethnicity. Panama has one of the fastest growing economies in Latin America and dedicates substantial funding to social programs, yet poverty and inequality remain prevalent. The indigenous population accounts for a growing share of Panama's poor and extreme poor, while the non-indigenous rural poor have been more successful at rising out of poverty through rural-to-urban labor migration. The government's large expenditures on untargeted, indirect subsidies for water, electricity, and fuel have been ineffective, but its conditional cash transfer program has shown some promise in helping to decrease extreme poverty among the indigenous population. Panama has expanded access to education and clean water, but the availability of sanitation and, to a lesser extent, electricity remains poor. The increase in secondary schooling - led by female enrollment - is spreading to rural and indigenous areas, which probably will help to alleviate poverty if educational quality and the availability of skilled jobs improve. Inadequate access to sanitation contributes to a high incidence of diarrhea in Panama's children, which is one of the main causes of Panama's elevated chronic malnutrition rate, especially among indigenous communities." + }, + "population": { + "text": "3,559,408 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "27.7% (male 503,633/female 483,145)", + "15_24_years": "17.4% (male 315,918/female 304,056)", + "25_54_years": "40% (male 721,225/female 703,459)", + "55_64_years": "7.3% (male 127,743/female 130,899)", + "65_years_and_over": "7.6% (male 124,409/female 144,921) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "55.1 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "43.9 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "11.2 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "8.9 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "28 years", + "male": "27.6 years", + "female": "28.4 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.38% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "18.91 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "4.73 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-0.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "75% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "2.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "PANAMA CITY (capital) 1.346 million (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.86 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "21.1 (1976 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "92 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "11.01 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "11.77 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "10.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "78.13 years", + "male": "75.35 years", + "female": "81.04 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.4 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "52.2% (2009)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "8.1% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "1.5 physicians/1,000 population (2000)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "2.2 beds/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 83% of population; total: 93% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 17% of population; total: 7% of population (2008 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 75% of population; rural: 51% of population; total: 69% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 25% of population; rural: 49% of population; total: 31% of population (2008 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.9% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "20,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "1,500 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea", + "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "25.4% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "3.9% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "4.1% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "94.1%", + "male": "94.7%", + "female": "93.5% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "13 years", + "male": "13 years", + "female": "14 years (2010)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "59,294", + "percentage": "7 %", + "note": "data represents children ages 5-17 (2010 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "14.6%", + "male": "11.2%", + "female": "12.4% (2011)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Panama", + "conventional_short_form": "Panama", + "local_long_form": "Republica de Panama", + "local_short_form": "Panama" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "constitutional democracy" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Panama City", + "geographic_coordinates": "8 58 N, 79 32 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "9 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 3 indigenous territories* (comarcas); Bocas del Toro, Chiriqui, Cocle, Colon, Darien, Embera-Wounaan*, Herrera, Kuna Yala*, Los Santos, Ngobe-Bugle*, Panama, Veraguas" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain on 28 November 1821)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 3 November (1903)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "11 October 1972; revised several times" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Justice" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Ricardo MARTINELLI Berrocal (since 1 July 2009); Vice President Juan Carlos VARELA Rodriguez (since 1 July 2009); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Ricardo MARTINELLI Berrocal (since 1 July 2009); Vice President Juan Carlos VARELA Rodriguez (since 1 July 2009)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president", + "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms (president not eligible for immediate reelection and must sit out two additional terms (10 years) before becoming eligible for reelection); election last held on 3 May 2009 (next to be held in May 2014)", + "election_results": "Ricardo MARTINELLI Berrocal elected president; percent of vote - Ricardo MARTINELLI Berrocal 60%, Balbina HERRERA 38%, Guillermo ENDARA Galimany 2%", + "note": "the ruling government coalition - formerly comprised of CD (Democratic Change), Panamenista Party, MOLIRENA (Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement), and UP (Patriotic Union Party) - split in August 2011 when President MARTINELLI relieved Vice President VARELA from his position as Foreign Minister prompting the Panamenistas to pull out of the coalition; UP has now merged with CD, and CD and the Panamenista Party will now run separate candidates for the presidency in 2014" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (71 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 3 May 2009 (next to be held in May 2014)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRD 26, Panamenista 22, CD 14, UP 4, MOLIRENA 2, PP 1, independents 2; note - changes in political affiliation now reflect the following seat distribution: as of 13 February 2013 - seats by party - CD 36, PRD 17, Panamenista 13, MOLIRENA 4, PP 1", + "note": "legislators from outlying rural districts are chosen on a plurality basis while districts located in more populous towns and cities elect multiple legislators by means of a proportion-based formula" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 9 magistrates and 9 alternates and divided into civil, criminal, administrative, and general business chambers)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "magistrates appointed by the president for staggered 10-year terms", + "subordinate_courts": "appellate courts or Tribunal Superior; Labor Supreme Courts; Court of Audit; circuit courts or Tribunal Circuital (2 each in 9 provinces); municipal courts; electoral, family, maritime, and adolescent courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Democratic Change or CD [Ricardo MARTINELLI Berrocal]; Democratic Revolutionary Party or PRD [Juan Carlos NAVARRO Quelquejeu]; Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement or MOLIRENA [Sergio GONZALEZ-Ruiz]; Panamenista Party [Juan Carlos VARELA Rodriguez] (formerly the Arnulfista Party); Popular Party or PP [Milton HENRIQUEZ] (formerly Christian Democratic Party or PDC); ", + "note": "The Patriotic Union Party (UP) has merged with Democratic Change (CD)" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Chamber of Commerce; Concertacion Nacional (mechanism for government of Panama to formally dialogue with representatives of civil society); National Council of Organized Workers or CONATO; National Council of Private Enterprise or CONEP; National Union of Construction and Similar Workers (SUNTRACS); Panamanian Association of Business Executives or APEDE; Panamanian Industrialists Society or SIP; Workers Confederation of the Republic of Panama or CTRP" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "BCIE, CAN (observer), CD, CELAC, CSN (observer), FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, SICA, UN, UNASUR (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mario Ernesto JARAMILLO Castillo", + "chancery": "2862 McGill Terrace NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 483-1407", + "fax": "[1] (202) 483-8413", + "consulates_general": "Honolulu, Houston, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, San Diego, Tampa" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jonathan D. FARRAR", + "embassy": "Edificio 783, Avenida Demetrio Basilio Lakas Panama, Apartado Postal 0816-02561, Zona 5, Panama City", + "mailing_address": "American Embassy Panama, Unit 0945, APO AA 34002; American Embassy Panama, 9100 Panama City PL, Washington, DC 20521-9100", + "telephone": "[507] 317-5000", + "fax": "[507] 317-5568" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "divided into four, equal rectangles; the top quadrants are white (hoist side) with a blue five-pointed star in the center and plain red; the bottom quadrants are plain blue (hoist side) and white with a red five-pointed star in the center; the blue and red colors are those of the main political parties (Conservatives and Liberals respectively) and the white denotes peace between them; the blue star stands for the civic virtues of purity and honesty, the red star signifies authority and law" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "harpy eagle" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Himno Istemno\" (Isthmus Hymn)", + "lyrics_music": "Jeronimo DE LA OSSA/Santos A. JORGE", + "note": "adopted 1925" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Panama's dollar-based economy rests primarily on a well-developed services sector that accounts for more than three-quarters of GDP. Services include operating the Panama Canal, logistics, banking, the Colon Free Zone, insurance, container ports, flagship registry, and tourism. Economic growth will be bolstered by the Panama Canal expansion project that began in 2007 and is estimated to be completed by 2015 at a cost of $5.3 billion - about 10-15% of current GDP. The expansion project will more than double the Canal's capacity, enabling it to accommodate ships that are too large to traverse the existing canal. The United States and China are the top users of the Canal. Panama is also constructing a metro system in Panama City, valued at $1.2 billion and scheduled to be completed by 2014. Panama''s booming transportation and logistics services sectors, along with aggressive infrastructure development projects, have lead the economy to continued high growth in 2012. Foreign investment, at around 10% of GDP in both 2011 and 2012, has continued to be a source of growth. Strong economic performance has not translated into broadly shared prosperity, as Panama has the second worst income distribution in Latin America. About 30% of the population lives in poverty; however, from 2006 to 2012 poverty was reduced by 10 percentage points, while unemployment dropped from 12% to 4.4% of the labor force in 2012. The US-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement was approved by Congress and signed into law in October 2011, and entered into force in October 2012. Panama also achieved removal from the Organization of Economic Development''s gray-list of tax havens by signing various double taxation treaties with other nations." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$58.02 billion (2012 est.); $52.42 billion (2011 est.); $47.29 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$36.25 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "10.7% (2012 est.); 10.8% (2011 est.); 7.5% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$15,900 (2012 est.); $14,600 (2011 est.); $13,400 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "58.3%", + "government_consumption": "12.7%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "28.9%", + "investment_in_inventories": "1%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "83.4%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-84.3% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "3.8%", + "industry": "17.5%", + "services": "78.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "bananas, rice, corn, coffee, sugarcane, vegetables; livestock; shrimp" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "construction, brewing, cement and other construction materials, sugar milling" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "15.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "1.517 million", + "note": "shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "17%", + "industry": "18.6%", + "services": "64.4% (2009 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "4.4% (2012 est.); 4.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "26% (2012 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "1.1%", + "highest_10%": "40.1% (2010 est.)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "51.9 (2010 est.); 56.1 (2003)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$9.07 billion", + "expenditures": "$9.835 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "25% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-2.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "39.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 40.57% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "5.7% (2012 est.); 5.9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "6.91% (31 December 2012 est.); 6.91% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$7.685 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.307 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$29.72 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $25.73 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$32.27 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $28.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$10.68 billion (31 December 2011); $10.92 billion (31 December 2010); $8.048 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$4.191 billion (2012 est.); -$3.892 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$18.91 billion (2012 est.); $16.93 billion (2011 est.)", + "note": "includes the Colon Free Zone" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "gold, bananas, shrimp, sugar, iron and steel waste, pineapples, watermelons" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "South Korea 15.7%, US 14.9%, Japan 8.3%, Honduras 7.8%, Indonesia 5.9%, Thailand 5.3% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$24.69 billion (2012 est.); $22.95 billion (2011 est.)", + "note": "includes the Colon Free Zone" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "fuel products, medicines, vehicles, iron and steel rods, cellular phones" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "US 23.6%, China 6.4%, Costa Rica 4.6%, Mexico 4.4% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$3.303 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.304 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$14.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $12.58 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "balboas (PAB) per US dollar -; 1 (2012 est.); 1 (2011 est.); 1 (2010 est.); 1 (2009); 1 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "6.546 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "5.805 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "39 million kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "71 million kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "1.815 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "51.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "48.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "98,890 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "46,370 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "15.46 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "560,200 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "6.735 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "domestic and international facilities well-developed", + "domestic": "mobile-cellular telephone subscribership has increased rapidly", + "international": "country code - 507; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), the MAYA-1, and PAN-AM submarine cable systems that together provide links to the US and parts of the Caribbean, Central America, and South America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to the Central American Microwave System (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "multiple privately owned TV networks and a government-owned educational TV station; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; more than 100 commercial radio stations (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".pa" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "11,022 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "959,800 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "117 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "57", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "3", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "3", + "914_to_1_523_m": "20", + "under_914_m": "30 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "60", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "8", + "under_914_m": "51 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "3 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "oil 128 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "76 km", + "standard_gauge": "76 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "11,978 km", + "paved": "4,300 km", + "unpaved": "7,678 km (2002)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "800 km (includes the 82-km Panama Canal that is being widened) (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "6,413", + "by_type": "barge carrier 1, bulk carrier 2,525, cargo 1,115, carrier 27, chemical tanker 588, combination ore/oil 1, container 742, liquefied gas 205, passenger 42, passenger/cargo 51, petroleum tanker 545, refrigerated cargo 191, roll on/roll off 87, specialized tanker 3, vehicle carrier 290", + "foreign_owned": "5,162 (Albania 4, Argentina 5, Australia 4, Bahamas 6, Bangladesh 5, Belgium 1, Bermuda 27, Brazil 3, Bulgaria 6, Burma 3, Canada 6, Chile 14, China 534, Colombia 2, Croatia 2, Cuba 2, Cyprus 5, Denmark 41, Ecuador 3, Egypt 11, Finland 2, France 7, Gabon 1, Germany 24, Gibraltar 1, Greece 379, Hong Kong 144, India 24, Indonesia 10, Iran 5, Ireland 1, Israel 1, Italy 25, Japan 2372, Jordan 11, Kuwait 12, Lebanon 2, Lithuania 3, Luxembourg 1, Malaysia 12, Maldives 2, Malta 2, Mexico 5, Monaco 11, Netherlands 6, Nigeria 6, Norway 81, Oman 10, Pakistan 3, Peru 9, Philippines 5, Portugal 10, Qatar 1, Romania 3, Russia 49, Saudi Arabia 11, Singapore 92, South Korea 373, Spain 30, Sweden 2, Switzerland 15, Syria 34, Taiwan 328, Tanzania 2, Thailand 6, Turkey 62, UAE 83, UK 37, Ukraine 8, US 90, Venezuela 13, Vietnam 43, Yemen 4)", + "registered_in_other_countries": "1 (Honduras 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Balboa, Colon, Cristobal" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "no regular military forces; Panamanian Public Security Forces (subordinate to the Ministry of Public Security), comprising the National Police (PNP), National Air-Naval Service (SENAN), National Border Service (SENAFRONT) (2013)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "890,006 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "731,254", + "females_age_16_49": "728,329 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "32,142", + "female": "30,879 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1% of GDP (2012)" + }, + "military_note": { + "text": "on 10 February 1990, the government of then President ENDARA abolished Panama's military and reformed the security apparatus by creating the Panamanian Public Forces; in October 1994, Panama's Legislative Assembly approved a constitutional amendment prohibiting the creation of a standing military force but allowing the temporary establishment of special police units to counter acts of \"external aggression\"" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia operate within the remote border region with Panama" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "15,723 (Colombia) (2012)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "major cocaine transshipment point and primary money-laundering center for narcotics revenue; money-laundering activity is especially heavy in the Colon Free Zone; offshore financial center; negligible signs of coca cultivation; monitoring of financial transactions is improving; official corruption remains a major problem" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/central-america/sv-el-salvador.json b/central-america/sv-el-salvador.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a48ed913 --- /dev/null +++ b/central-america/sv-el-salvador.json @@ -0,0 +1,625 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "13 50 N, 88 55 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "21,041 sq km", + "land": "20,721 sq km", + "water": "320 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Massachusetts" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "545 km", + "border_countries": "Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "307 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Pacific Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Cerro El Pital 2,730 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "31.61%", + "permanent_crops": "10.93%", + "other": "57.46% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "449.9 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "25.23 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "1.84 cu km/yr (22%/14%/64%)", + "per_capita": "301.9 cu m/yr (2007)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes", + "volcanism": "significant volcanic activity; San Salvador (elev. 1,893 m), which last erupted in 1917, has the potential to cause major harm to the country's capital, which lies just below the volcano's slopes; San Miguel (elev. 2,130 m), which last erupted in 2002, is one of the most active volcanoes in the country; other historically active volcanoes include Conchaguita, Ilopango, Izalco, and Santa Ana" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Salvadoran(s)", + "adjective": "Salvadoran" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "mestizo 86.3%, white 12.7%, Amerindian 1% (2007 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Spanish (official), Nahua (among some Amerindians)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 57.1%, Protestant 21.2%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.9%, Mormon 0.7%, other religions 2.3%, none 16.8% (2003 est.)" + }, + "demographic_profile": { + "text": "El Salvador is the smallest and most densely populated country in Central America. It is well into its demographic transition, experiencing slower population growth, a decline in its number of youths, and the gradual aging of its population. The increased use of family planning has substantially lowered El Salvador's fertility rate, from approximately 6 children per woman in the 1970s to replacement level today. A 2008 national family planning survey showed that female sterilization remained the most common contraception method in El Salvador - its sterilization rate is among the highest in Latin America and the Caribbean - but that the use of injectable contraceptives is growing. Fertility differences between rich and poor and urban and rural women are narrowing. Salvadorans fled during the 1979 to 1992 civil war mainly to the United States but also to Canada and to neighboring Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Emigration to the United States increased again in the 1990s and 2000s as a result of deteriorating economic conditions, natural disasters (Hurricane Mitch in 1998 and earthquakes in 2001), and family reunification. At least 20% of El Salvador's population lives abroad. The remittances they send home account for close to 20% of GDP, are the second largest source of external income after exports, and have helped reduce poverty." + }, + "population": { + "text": "6,108,590 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "28.9% (male 905,236/female 859,468)", + "15_24_years": "20.9% (male 638,938/female 635,460)", + "25_54_years": "37% (male 1,037,173/female 1,224,227)", + "55_64_years": "6.5% (male 179,374/female 217,472)", + "65_years_and_over": "6.7% (male 182,773/female 228,469) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "59 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "47.6 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "11.3 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "8.8 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "25.1 years", + "male": "23.7 years", + "female": "26.6 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.29% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "17.12 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "5.65 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-8.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "64% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "SAN SALVADOR (capital) 1.605 million (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.85 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.83 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.8 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.93 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "20.8 (2008 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "81 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "19.05 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "21.12 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "16.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "73.93 years", + "male": "70.66 years", + "female": "77.37 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "1.99 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "72.5%", + "note": "percent of women aged 15-44 (2008)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "6.9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "1.6 physicians/1,000 population (2008)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 94% of population; rural: 76% of population; total: 88% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 6% of population; rural: 24% of population; total: 12% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 89% of population; rural: 83% of population; total: 87% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 11% of population; rural: 17% of population; total: 13% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.8% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "34,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "1,400 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea", + "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "25.8% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "6.6% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "3.4% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "84.5%", + "male": "87.1%", + "female": "82.3% (2010 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "12 years", + "male": "12 years", + "female": "12 years (2011)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "179,303", + "percentage": "4 %", + "note": "data represents children ages 5-17 (2007 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "11.4%", + "male": "13%", + "female": "8.3% (2007)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of El Salvador", + "conventional_short_form": "El Salvador", + "local_long_form": "Republica de El Salvador", + "local_short_form": "El Salvador" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "San Salvador", + "geographic_coordinates": "13 42 N, 89 12 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "daylight_saving_time": "none scheduled for 2013" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "14 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, San Vicente, Santa Ana, Sonsonate, Usulutan" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "15 September 1821 (from Spain)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "20 December 1983" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system with minor common law influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Carlos Mauricio FUNES Cartagena (since 1 June 2009); Vice President Salvador SANCHEZ CEREN (since 1 June 2009); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Carlos Mauricio FUNES Cartagena (since 1 June 2009); Vice President Salvador SANCHEZ CEREN (since 1 June 2009)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers selected by the president", + "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a single five-year term; election last held on 15 March 2009 (next to be held in February 2014)", + "election_results": "Mauricio FUNES Cartagena elected president; percent of vote - Mauricio FUNES Cartagena 51.3%, Rodrigo AVILA 48.7%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve three-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 11 March 2012 (next to be held in 2015)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ARENA 33, FMLN 31, GANA 11, CN 7, PES 1, PCD 1; note - changes in party affiliation now reflect the following seat distribution: as of 8 May 2013 - FMLN 31, ARENA 28, GANA 11, CN 7, Unidos por El Salvador 5, CD 1, PDC 1" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (consists of 15 judges assigned to constitutional, civil, penal, and administrative conflict divisions)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges elected by the Legislative Assembly on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judicature, an independent body elected by the Legislative Assembly; judges elected for single, 9-year terms with renewal of one-third of judges every 3 years.", + "subordinate_courts": "Chambers of Second Instance; Courts of First Instance; Courts of Peace" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Democratic Change (Cambio Democratico) or CD [Tomas CHEVEZ] (formerly United Democratic Center or CDU); Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ]; Great Alliance for National Unity or GANA [Andres ROVIRA]; National Coalition (Concertation Nacional) or CN [Ciro CRUZ ZEPEDA] (formerly the National Conciliation Party or PCN); Nationalist Republican Alliance or ARENA [Alfredo CRISTIANI]; Party of Hope or PES [Rodolfo Antonio PARKER Soto] (formerly the Christian Democratic Party or PCD); Unidos por El Salvador [Manuel Rigoberto SOTO Lazo]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "labor_organizations": "Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES; Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or FESINCONTRANS; National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS; National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS; Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES; Salvadoran Union of Ex-Petrolleros and Peasant Workers or USEPOC; Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS; Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL; ", + "business_organizations": "National Association of Small Enterprise or ANEP; Salvadoran Assembly Industry Association or ASIC; Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Ruben Ignacio ZAMORA Rivas", + "chancery": "Suite 100, 1400 16th Street, Washington, DC 20036", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 595-7500", + "fax": "[1] (202) 232-3763", + "consulates_general": "Brentwood (NY), Chicago, Coral Gables (FL), Dallas, Houston, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Santa Ana (CA), Seattle, Tucson, Woodbridge (VA), Woodstock (GA)", + "consulates": "Elizabeth (NJ)" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Mari Carmen APONTE", + "embassy": "Final Boulevard Santa Elena Sur, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador", + "mailing_address": "Unit 3450, APO AA 34023; 3450 San Salvador Place, Washington, DC 20521-3450", + "telephone": "[503] 2501-2999", + "fax": "[503] 2501-2150" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; the banner is based on the former blue-white-blue flag of the Federal Republic of Central America; the blue bands symbolize the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, while the white band represents the land between the two bodies of water, as well as peace and prosperity", + "note": "similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "turquoise-browed motmot (bird)" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Himno Nacional de El Salvador\" (National Anthem of El Salvador)", + "lyrics_music": "Juan Jose CANAS/Juan ABERLE", + "note": "officially adopted 1953, in use since 1879; the anthem of El Salvador is one of the world's longest" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "The smallest country in Central America geographically, El Salvador has the third largest economy in the region. With the global recession in 2009, real GDP contracted by 3.1%. The economy slowed even further during 2010-12. Remittances accounted for 17% of GDP in 2011 and were received by about a third of all households. In 2006, El Salvador was the first country to ratify the Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), which has bolstered the export of processed foods, sugar, and ethanol, and supported investment in the apparel sector amid increased Asian competition. El Salvador has promoted an open trade and investment environment and has completed a wave of privatizations extending to telecom, electricity distribution, banking, and pension funds. The Salvadoran Government maintained fiscal discipline during post-war reconstruction and reconstruction following earthquakes in 2001 and hurricanes in 1998 and 2005, but El Salvador's external debt has been mounting over the last several years. Taxes levied by the government include a value added tax (VAT) of 13%, income tax of 30%, excise taxes on alcohol and cigarettes, and import duties. The VAT accounted for about 51.7% of total tax revenues in 2011. El Salvador's external debt amounts to about one-fourth of GDP. In 2012, El Salvador successfully completed a $461 million compact with the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) - a United States Government agency aimed at stimulating economic growth and reducing poverty - in the country's northern region, the primary conflict zone during the civil war, through investments in education, public services, enterprise development, and transportation infrastructure. In January 2013, the MCC approved El Salvador as eligible for a possible second MCC compact." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$47.09 billion (2012 est.); $46.35 billion (2011 est.); $45.45 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$23.82 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.6% (2012 est.); 2% (2011 est.); 1.4% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$7,600 (2012 est.); $7,500 (2011 est.); $7,400 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "8.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 8.9% of GDP (2011 est.); 10.2% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "93.2%", + "government_consumption": "11%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "14.2%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "28.2%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-46.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "10.2%", + "industry": "29.1%", + "services": "60.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "coffee, sugar, corn, rice, beans, oilseed, cotton, sorghum; beef, dairy products" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "2.593 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "21%", + "industry": "20%", + "services": "58% (2011 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "6.9% (2012 est.); 7% (2011 est.)", + "note": "data are official rates; but the economy has much underemployment" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "36.5% (2010 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "1%", + "highest_10%": "37% (2009 est.)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "46.9 (2007); 52.5 (2001)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$4.621 billion", + "expenditures": "$5.435 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "19.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-3.4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "59.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 53.6% of GDP (2011 est.)", + "note": "El Salvador's total public debt includes non-financial public sector debt, financial public sector debt, and central bank debt" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "1.8% (2012 est.); 5.1% (2011 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "6.2% (31 December 2012 est.); 5.99% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$2.796 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.781 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$9.527 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $9.213 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$10.51 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.82 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$5.474 billion (31 December 2011); $4.227 billion (31 December 2010); $4.432 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$1.035 billion (2012 est.); -$1.223 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$5.447 billion (2012 est.); $5.402 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar, textiles and apparel, gold, ethanol, chemicals, electricity, iron and steel manufactures" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 45.8%, Guatemala 14.9%, Honduras 9.6%, Nicaragua 5.8% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$9.912 billion (2012 est.); $9.801 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "US 34.4%, Guatemala 10.8%, Mexico 6.8%, Colombia 5.7%, China 5.5%, Germany 4% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$3.176 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.504 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$13.54 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $12 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$8.613 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $8.097 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$12.4 million (31 December 2012 est.); $12.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "note": "the US dollar is used as a medium of exchange and circulates freely in the economy, 1 (2012 est.) 1 (2011 est.)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "5.728 billion kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "5.756 billion kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "101.6 million kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "215.8 million kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "1.501 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "53% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "31.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "15.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "13,160 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "16,750 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "44,040 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "2,158 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "26,860 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "6.484 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "1.03 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "8.316 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "multiple mobile-cellular providers are expanding services rapidly and in 2011 teledensity exceeded 135 per 100 persons; growth in fixed-line services has slowed in the face of mobile-cellular competition", + "domestic": "nationwide microwave radio relay system", + "international": "country code - 503; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "multiple privately owned national terrestrial TV networks, supplemented by cable TV networks that carry international channels; hundreds of commercial radio broadcast stations and 1 government-owned radio broadcast station (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".sv" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "24,070 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "746,000 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "68 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "5", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "2", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "63", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "11", + "under_914_m": "51 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "2 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "283 km", + "narrow_gauge": "283 km 0.600-m gauge", + "note": "railways have been inoperable since 2005 because of disuse and high costs that led to a lack of maintenance (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "6,918 km", + "paved": "3,247 km (includes 341 km of expressways)", + "unpaved": "3,671 km (2010)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "(Rio Lempa is partially navigable for small craft) (2011)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Puerto Cutuco", + "oil_gas_terminals": "Acajutla offshore terminal" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Salvadoran Armed Forces (Fuerza Armada de El Salvador, FAES): Salvadoran Army (Ejercito de El Salvador, ES), Salvadoran Navy (Fuerza Naval de El Slavador, FNES), Salvadoran Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Salvadorena, FAS) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 16-22 years of age for voluntary male or female service; service obligation is 12 months, with 11 months for officers and NCOs (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,449,214", + "females_age_16_49": "1,611,248 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,079,038", + "females_age_16_49": "1,373,368 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "71,530", + "female": "68,971 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.6% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled on the delimitation of \"bolsones\" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras boundary, in 1992, with final agreement by the parties in 2006 after an Organization of American States survey and a further ICJ ruling in 2003; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca advocating Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not identified in the ICJ decision, off Honduras in the Gulf of Fonseca" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of marijuana produced for local consumption; significant use of cocaine" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/north-america/ca-canada.json b/north-america/ca-canada.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..18de16bc --- /dev/null +++ b/north-america/ca-canada.json @@ -0,0 +1,628 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown. Economically and technologically, the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across the world's longest unfortified border. Canada faces the political challenges of meeting public demands for quality improvements in health care, education, social services, and economic competitiveness, as well as responding to the particular concerns of predominantly francophone Quebec. Canada also aims to develop its diverse energy resources while maintaining its commitment to the environment." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "60 00 N, 95 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "North America" + }, + "area": { + "total": "9,984,670 sq km", + "land": "9,093,507 sq km", + "water": "891,163 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly larger than the US" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "8,893 km", + "border_countries": "US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)", + "note": "Canada is the World's largest country that borders only one country" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "202,080 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Mount Logan 5,959 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, rare earth elements, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "4.3%", + "permanent_crops": "0.49%", + "other": "95.2% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "8,699 sq km (2004)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "2,902 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "42.2 cu km/yr (20%/70%/10%)", + "per_capita": "1,589 cu m/yr (2010)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains", + "volcanism": "the vast majority of volcanoes in Western Canada's Coast Mountains remain dormant" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Marine Life Conservation" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route; approximately 90% of the population is concentrated within 160 km of the US border; Canada has more fresh water than any other country and almost 9% of Canadian territory is water; Canada has at least 2 million and possibly over 3 million lakes - that is more than all other countries combined" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Canadian(s)", + "adjective": "Canadian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European 15%, Amerindian 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixed background 26%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official) 58.8%, French (official) 21.6%, other 19.6% (2006 Census)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 42.6%, Protestant 23.3% (United Church 9.5%, Anglican 6.8%, Baptist 2.4%, Lutheran 2%), other Christian 4.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other and unspecified 11.8%, none 16% (2001 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "34,568,211 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "15.5% (male 2,753,263/female 2,617,600)", + "15_24_years": "12.9% (male 2,285,268/female 2,160,005)", + "25_54_years": "41.4% (male 7,253,587/female 7,067,997)", + "55_64_years": "13.3% (male 2,285,072/female 2,329,760)", + "65_years_and_over": "16.8% (male 2,574,216/female 3,241,443) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "46.3 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "24 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "22.2 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "4.5 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "41.5 years", + "male": "40.2 years", + "female": "42.7 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.77% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "10.28 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "5.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "81% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "Toronto 5.377 million; Montreal 3.75 million; Vancouver 2.197 million; OTTAWA (capital) 1.208 million; Calgary 1.16 million (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.79 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "27.6 (2007 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "12 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "4.78 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "5.11 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "4.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "81.57 years", + "male": "78.98 years", + "female": "84.31 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "1.59 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "74%", + "note": "percent of women aged 18-44 (2002)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "11.3% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "1.91 physicians/1,000 population (2006)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "3.2 beds/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 100% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 0% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 100% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 0% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 0% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.3% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "68,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "26.2% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "5% of GDP (2009)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "99%", + "male": "99%", + "female": "99% (2003 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "17 years", + "male": "17 years", + "female": "17 years (2004)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "14.1%", + "male": "15.9%", + "female": "12.3% (2011)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "none", + "conventional_short_form": "Canada" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "a parliamentary democracy, a federation, and a constitutional monarchy" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Ottawa", + "geographic_coordinates": "45 25 N, 75 42 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November", + "note": "Canada is divided into six time zones" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "10 provinces and 3 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Nunavut*, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon*" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11 December 1931 (recognized by UK per Statute of Westminster)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Canada Day, 1 July (1867)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "made up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial decisions, and traditions; the written part of the constitution consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a federation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April 1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution from Britain to Canada, and added a Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as well as procedures for constitutional amendments" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "common law system except in Quebec where civil law based on the French civil code prevails" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "head_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General David JOHNSTON (since 1 October 2010)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Stephen Joseph HARPER (since 6 February 2006)", + "cabinet": "Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament", + "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (105 seats; members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister and serve until 75 years of age) and the House of Commons or Chambre des Communes (308 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve a maximum of four-year terms)", + "elections": "House of Commons - last held on 2 May 2011 (next to be held no later than 19 October 2015)", + "election_results": "House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Conservative Party 39.6%, NDP 30.6%, Liberal Party 18.9%, Bloc Quebecois 6%, Greens 3.9%; seats by party - Conservative Party 166, NDP 103, Liberal Party 34, Bloc Quebecois 4, Greens 1" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges) note - in 1949, Canada finally abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75", + "subordinate_courts": "federal level: Federal Court of Appeal; Federal Court; Tax Court; federal administrative tribunals; courts martial; provincial/territorial: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts; in 1999, the Nunavut Court - a circuit court with the power of a superior court and the territorial courts - was established to serve isolated settlements" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Bloc Quebecois [Daniel PAILLE]; Conservative Party of Canada [Stephen HARPER]; Green Party [Elizabeth MAY]; Liberal Party [Robert RAE (interim)]; New Democratic Party or NDP [Thomas MULCAIR]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "other": "agricultural sector; automobile industry; business groups; chemical industry; commercial banks; communications sector; energy industry; environmentalists; public administration groups; steel industry; trade unions" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CD, CDB, CE (observer), EAPC, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-20, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Gary DOER", + "chancery": "501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 682-1740", + "fax": "[1] (202) 682-7726", + "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis, New York, San Francisco/Silicon Valley, Seattle", + "consulates": "Anchorage (AK), Houston, Palo Alto (CA), Philadelphia, Phoenix, Raleigh (NC), Salt Lake City, San Diego, Tucson" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador David C. JACOBSON", + "embassy": "490 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 1G8", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 5000, Ogdensburg, NY 13669-0430; P.O. Box 866, Station B, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5T1", + "telephone": "[1] (613) 688-5335", + "fax": "[1] (613) 688-3082", + "consulates_general": "Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec City, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "two vertical bands of red (hoist and fly side, half width) with white square between them; an 11-pointed red maple leaf is centered in the white square; the maple leaf has long been a Canadian symbol; the official colors of Canada are red and white" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "maple leaf" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"O Canada\"", + "lyrics_music": "Adolphe-Basile ROUTHIER [French], Robert Stanley WEIR [English]/Calixa LAVALLEE", + "note": "adopted 1980; originally written in 1880, \"O Canada\" served as an unofficial anthem many years before its official adoption; the anthem has French and English versions whose lyrics differ; as a Commonwealth realm, in addition to the national anthem, \"God Save the Queen\" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "As a high-tech industrial society in the trillion-dollar class, Canada resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and affluent living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which includes Mexico) touched off a dramatic increase in trade and economic integration with the US its principal trading partner. Canada enjoys a substantial trade surplus with the US, which absorbs about three-fourths of Canadian exports each year. Canada is the US's largest foreign supplier of energy, including oil, gas, uranium, and electric power. Given its great natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital plant, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. Buffeted by the global economic crisis, the economy dropped into a sharp recession in the final months of 2008, and Ottawa posted its first fiscal deficit in 2009 after 12 years of surplus. Canada's major banks, however, emerged from the financial crisis of 2008-09 among the strongest in the world, owing to the financial sector's tradition of conservative lending practices and strong capitalization. Canada achieved marginal growth in 2010-12 and plans to balance the budget by 2015. In addition, the country's petroleum sector is rapidly becoming an even larger economic driver with Alberta's oil sands significantly boosting Canada's proven oil reserves, ranking the country third in the world behind Saudi Arabia and Venezuela." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$1.513 trillion (2012 est.); $1.485 trillion (2011 est.); $1.448 trillion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$1.819 trillion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.8% (2012 est.); 2.6% (2011 est.); 3.2% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$43,400 (2012 est.); $43,100 (2011 est.); $42,500 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "20.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 20.6% of GDP (2011 est.); 19.7% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "55.8%", + "government_consumption": "21.7%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "24%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.4%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "30%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-32% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "1.7%", + "industry": "28.5%", + "services": "69.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; fish; forest products" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish products, petroleum and natural gas" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "18.89 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "2%", + "manufacturing": "13%", + "construction": "6%", + "services": "76%", + "other": "3% (2006 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "7.3% (2012 est.); 7.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "9.4%", + "note": "this figure is the Low Income Cut-Off (LICO), a calculation that results in higher figures than found in many comparable economies; Canada does not have an official poverty line (2008)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.6%", + "highest_10%": "24.8% (2000)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "32.1 (2005); 31.5 (1994)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$682.5 billion", + "expenditures": "$749.5 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "37.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-3.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "84.6% of GDP (2012 est.); 83.4% of GDP (2011 est.)", + "note": "figures are for gross general government debt, as opposed to net federal debt; gross general government debt includes both intragovernmental debt and the debt of public entities at the sub-national level" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 April - 31 March" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "1.5% (2012 est.); 2.9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "1% (31 December 2010 est.); 0.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "3% (31 December 2012 est.); 3% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$654.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $585 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$1.523 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.404 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$3.083 trillion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.836 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$1.907 trillion (31 December 2011); $2.16 trillion (31 December 2010); $1.681 trillion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$59.92 billion (2012 est.); -$48.91 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$462.9 billion (2012 est.); $461.4 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 74.5%, China 4.3%, UK 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$474.8 billion (2012 est.); $460.4 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "US 50.6%, China 11%, Mexico 5.5% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$68.55 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $65.82 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$1.326 trillion (31 December 2012); $1.191 trillion (31 December 2011)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$918.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $873.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$953.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $899.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Canadian dollars (CAD) per US dollar -; 0.9992 (2012 est.); 0.9895 (2011 est.); 1.0302 (2010 est.); 1.1431 (2009); 1.0364 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "580.6 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "504.8 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "43.91 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "18.79 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "131.5 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "28.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "10.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "57% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "3.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "3.592 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "1.355 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "791,100 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "173.6 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "1.978 million bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "2.259 million bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "437,300 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "282,200 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "160.1 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "103.3 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "92.72 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "30.49 billion cu m (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "1.727 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "548.8 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "18.201 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "27.387 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "excellent service provided by modern technology", + "domestic": "domestic satellite system with about 300 earth stations", + "international": "country code - 1; submarine cables provide links to the US and Europe; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean, and 2 Intersputnik - Atlantic Ocean region) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "2 public TV broadcasting networks each with a large number of network affiliates; several private-commercial networks also with multiple network affiliates; overall, about 150 TV stations; multi-channel satellite and cable systems provide access to a wide range of stations including US stations; mix of public and commercial radio broadcasters with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the public radio broadcaster, operating 4 radio networks, Radio Canada International, and radio services to indigenous populations in the north; roughly 2,000 licensed radio stations in Canada (2008)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".ca" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "8.743 million (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "26.96 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "1,467 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "523", + "over_3_047_m": "21", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "19", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "147", + "914_to_1_523_m": "257", + "under_914_m": "79 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "944", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "75", + "914_to_1_523_m": "385", + "under_914_m": "484 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "26 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "gas and liguid petroleum 100,000 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "46,552 km", + "standard_gauge": "46,552 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "1,042,300 km", + "paved": "415,600 km (includes 17,000 km of expressways)", + "unpaved": "626,700 km (2008)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "636 km (Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with United States) (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "181", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 62, cargo 15, carrier 1, chemical tanker 15, combination ore/oil 1, container 2, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 63, petroleum tanker 11, roll on/roll off 6", + "foreign_owned": "19 (Estonia 1, France 1, Netherlands 1, Norway 4, Sweden 2, US 10)", + "registered_in_other_countries": "225 (Australia 5, Bahamas 96, Barbados 11, Cambodia 2, Cyprus 2, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 77, Liberia 2, Malta 5, Marshall Islands 8, Norway 1, Panama 6, Spain 4, Vanuatu 5) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Halifax, Saint John (New Brunswick), Vancouver", + "river_and_lake_ports": "Montreal, Quebec City, Sept-Isles (St. Lawrence); Fraser River Port (Fraser); Hamilton (Lake Ontario)", + "oil_gas_terminals": "Lower Lakes terminal", + "dry_bulk_cargo_ports": "Port-Cartier (iron ore and grain),", + "container_ports": "Montreal (1,362,975), Vancouver (2,507,032)(2011)" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Canadian Forces: Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Canadian Air Force, Canada Command (homeland security) (2011)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "17 years of age for voluntary male and female military service (with parental consent); 16 years of age for Reserve and Military College applicants; Canadian citizenship or permanent residence status required; maximum 34 years of age; service obligation 3-9 years (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "8,031,266", + "females_age_16_49": "7,755,550 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "6,633,472", + "females_age_16_49": "6,389,669 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "218,069", + "female": "206,195 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "1.1% of GDP (2005 est.)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "managed maritime boundary disputes with the US at Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and the Gulf of Maine including the disputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; Canada and the United States dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf; US works closely with Canada to intensify security measures for monitoring and controlling legal and illegal movement of people, transport, and commodities across the international border; sovereignty dispute with Denmark over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland; commencing the collection of technical evidence for submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in support of claims for continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from its declared baselines in the Arctic, as stipulated in Article 76, paragraph 8, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "refugees_country_of_origin": "17,563 (Colombia); 16,813 (China); 13,705 (Sri Lanka); 11,605 (Pakistan); 6,798 (Haiti); 5,995 (Mexico); 5,287 (India) (2012)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market and export to US; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; increasing ecstasy production, some of which is destined for the US; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering because of its mature financial services sector" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file