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africa/ag.json
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@ -426,7 +426,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "35.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "22.68 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "150.01 megatons (2016 est.)"
@ -547,7 +547,7 @@
"text": "President Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (since 12 December 2019)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Ayman BENABDERRAHMANE (since 7 July 2021)"
"text": "Prime Minister Nadir LARBAOUI (since 11 November 2023)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president"
@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@
"text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Algeria does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; the government made key achievements during the reporting period, therefore Algeria was upgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; authorities identified more trafficking victims, increased investigations and prosecutions, while continuing to convict traffickers; Algeria partnered with international organizations to train officials and conduct public awareness campaigns; however, government identification of and services for victims remained insufficient; authorities continued to punish some potential victims for unlawful acts traffickers compelled them to commit (2022)"
},
"trafficking profile": {
"text": "<p>human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims; Algerian women and girls are vulnerable to sex trafficking due to financial problems or after running away from home; undocumented sub-Saharan migrants are vulnerable to labor and sex trafficking and are exploited in restaurants, houses, and informal worksites; sub-Saharan men and women needing more funds for their onward journey to Europe work illegally in construction and commercial sex and are vulnerable to sex trafficking and debt bondage; foreign women and girls, mainly from sub-Saharan Africa, are subject to sex trafficking in bars and informal brothels; criminal begging rings that exploit sub-Saharan African migrant children are common and reportedly increasing (2022)</p>"
"text": "human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims; Algerian women and girls are vulnerable to sex trafficking due to financial problems or after running away from home; undocumented sub-Saharan migrants are vulnerable to labor and sex trafficking and are exploited in restaurants, houses, and informal worksites; sub-Saharan men and women needing more funds for their onward journey to Europe work illegally in construction and commercial sex and are vulnerable to sex trafficking and debt bondage; foreign women and girls, mainly from sub-Saharan Africa, are subject to sex trafficking in bars and informal brothels; criminal begging rings that exploit sub-Saharan African migrant children are common and reportedly increasing (2022)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

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africa/bc.json
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},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "21.24 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "12.82 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "6.34 megatons (2016 est.)"

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africa/bn.json
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@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Benin-Burkina Faso:</em> Benin retains a border dispute with Burkina Faso near the town of Koualau/Kourou.<em><br><br>Benin-Togo:</em> Talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjarala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River.<br><br><em>Benin-Niger:</em> The location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved.</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Benin-Burkina Faso:</em> Benin retains a border dispute with Burkina Faso near the town of Koualau/Kourou<em><br><br>Benin-Togo:</em> talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjarala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River<br><br><em>Benin-Niger:</em> the location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a significant transit and departure country for cocaine shipments in Africa destined for Europe</p>"

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africa/cf.json
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},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "38.67 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "29.48 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "3.28 megatons (2016 est.)"
@ -1259,11 +1259,11 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Republic of the Congo-Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC): </em>the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River is indefinite except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area<br><br><em>Republic of the Congo-Angola:</em> (Kabinda Exclave) None identified</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Republic of the Congo-Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC): </em>the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River is indefinite except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "32,910 (Central African Republic), 28,130 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers)(2023)"
"text": "33,585 (Central African Republic), 28,396 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers)(2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "27,000 (multiple civil wars since 1992) (2022)"

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africa/cg.json
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},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>heads of the Great Lakes states and UN pledged in 2004 to abate tribal, rebel, and militia fighting in the region, including northeast Congo<br><br><em>Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Republic of the Congo: </em>the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River is indefinite except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area<br><br><em>Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Uganda:</em> Uganda rejects the DRC claim to Margherita Peak in the Rwenzori mountains and considers it a boundary divide; there is tension and violence on Lake Albert over prospective oil reserves at the mouth of the Semliki River; the Ugandan-origin Allied Democratic Forces (ADF; aka Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the DRC) operates on both sides of the border<br><br><em>Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Zambia: </em>boundary commission continues discussions over Congolese-administered triangle of land on the right bank of the Lunkinda River claimed by Zambia near the DRC village of Pweto<br><br><em>Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Angola: </em>DRC has accused Angola of shifting monuments<br><br><em>Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Rwanda:</em> the DRC has accused Rwanda of backing the armed separatist group March 23 Movement (aka M23 or Congolese Revolutionary Army)<br> <br><em>Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Burundi:</em> multiple armed groups originating from Burundi operate in the DRC</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Republic of the Congo: </em>the location of the boundary in the broad Congo River is indefinite except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area<br><br><em>Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Uganda:</em> Uganda rejects the DRC claim to Margherita Peak in the Rwenzori mountains and considers it a boundary divide; there is tension and violence on Lake Albert over prospective oil reserves at the mouth of the Semliki River; the Ugandan-origin Allied Democratic Forces (ADF; aka Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the DRC) operates on both sides of the border<br><br><em>Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Zambia: </em>boundary commission continues discussions over Congolese-administered triangle of land on the right bank of the Lunkinda River claimed by Zambia near the DRC village of Pweto<br><br><em>Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Angola: </em>DRC has accused Angola of shifting monuments<br><br><em>Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Rwanda:</em> the DRC has accused Rwanda of backing the armed separatist group March 23 Movement (aka M23 or Congolese Revolutionary Army)<br> <br><em>Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Burundi:</em> multiple armed groups originating from Burundi operate in the DRC</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

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africa/cm.json
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},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>the Joint Border Commission with Nigeria reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a full phase-out of Nigerian control and patriation of residents in 2008; Cameroon and Nigeria agreed on maritime delimitation in March 2008; sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Cameroon-Nigeria:</em> Nigeria recognized Cameroon's sovereignty over the Bakassi Peninsula in 2006 and in completed the transfer of administration in 2013, although there are occasional, mostly local disputes in the area; the majority of the land boundary was demarcated by 2019 with UN assistance, although there are few disagreements on the precise location of the boundary; the porous border is susceptible to crossings by the Boko Haram and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - West Africa terrorist groups, both of which operate in Northern Nigeria  <br><br></p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

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africa/cn.json
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},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>claims French-administered Mayotte and challenges France's and Madagascar's claims to Banc du Geyser, a drying reef in the Mozambique Channel; in May 2008, African Union forces assisted the Comoros military in recapturing Anjouan Island from rebels who seized it in 2001</p>"
"text": "<p>claims French-administered Mayotte and challenges France's and Madagascar's claims to Banc du Geyser, a drying reef in the Mozambique Channel</p>"
}
}
}

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africa/er.json
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},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by 2002 Ethiopia-Eritrea Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement; Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting eastern Sudanese rebel groups; in 2008, Eritrean troops moved across the border on Ras Doumera peninsula and occupied Doumera Island with undefined sovereignty in the Red Sea</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Eritrea-Ethiopia: </em>both agreed to abide by 2002 Ethiopia-Eritrea Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement<br><br><em>Eritrea-Sudan: </em>Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting eastern Sudanese rebel groups<br><br><em>Eritrea-Djibouti:</em> in 2008, Eritrean troops moved across the border on Ras Doumera peninsula and occupied Doumera Island with undefined sovereignty in the Red Sea</p>"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"tier rating": {

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africa/et.json
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},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Ethiopia-Eritrea:</em> Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement <br><br><em>Ethiopia-Somalia:</em> While border clashes continue in the al-Fashqa (Fashaga) area, the US views the 1902 boundary treaty between Ethiopia and Sudan as being in force; the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo region; Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; \"Somaliland\" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera and trade ties to landlocked Ethiopia; <br><br><em>Ethiopia-Sudan:</em> Ethiopia's construction of a large dam (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) on the Blue Nile in northern Ethiopia since 2011 has become a focal point of relations with Egypt and Sudan; Egypt has described the giant hydroelectric project as an existential threat because of its potential to control the flow of the river that is a key source of water for the country; Ethiopia completed filling the dam in 2023</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Ethiopia-Eritrea:</em> Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement<br><br><em>Ethiopia-Somalia:</em> the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden (populated largely by ethnic Somalis) and southern Somalia's Oromo region; the Somalia-based terrorist group al-Shabaab has conducted cross-border assaults into Ethiopia as recently as 2022 <br><br><em>Ethiopia-South Sudan: </em>while border clashes continue in the al-Fashqa (Fashaga) area, the US views the 1902 boundary treaty between Ethiopia and Sudan as being in force<br><br><em>Ethiopia-Sudan:</em> Ethiopia's construction of a large dam (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) on the Blue Nile in northern Ethiopia since 2011 has become a focal point of relations with Egypt and Sudan; Egypt has described the giant hydroelectric project as an existential threat because of its potential to control the flow of the river that is a key source of water for the country; Ethiopia completed filling the dam in 2023</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

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africa/ga.json
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},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>attempts to stem refugees, cross-border raids, arms smuggling, and other illegal activities by separatists from southern Senegal's Casamance region, as well as from conflicts in other west African states</p>"
"text": "<p>border issues include attempts to stem refugees, cross-border raids, arms smuggling, and other illegal activities by separatists from southern Senegal's Casamance region, as well as from conflicts in other west African states</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"IDPs": {

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africa/ke.json
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},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "281,319 (Somalia), 157,402 (South Sudan), 58,779 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 21,847 (Ethiopia), 8,392 (Burundi), 5,756 (Sudan) (2023)"
"text": "290,635 (Somalia), 170,292 (South Sudan), 58,779 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 21,847 (Ethiopia), 8,392 (Burundi), 5,756 (Sudan) (2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "30,000 (election-related violence, intercommunal violence, resource conflicts, al-Shabaab attacks in 2017 and 2018) (2022)"

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africa/ly.json
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@ -411,7 +411,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "44.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "29.84 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "50.56 megatons (2016 est.)"

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africa/mi.json
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},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "22.14 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "18.57 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "1.3 megatons (2016 est.)"

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africa/mo.json
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},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "30.99 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "13.44 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "61.28 megatons (2016 est.)"

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africa/mp.json
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},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "13.54 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "10.48 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "4.35 megatons (2016 est.)"
@ -521,7 +521,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Pritivirajsing ROOPUN (since 2 December 2019); Vice President Marie Cyril EDDY Boiss&eacute;zon (since 2 December 2019); note - President Ameenah GURIB-FAKIM, the country's first female president, resigned on 23 March 2018 amid a credit card scandal; acting presidents served from March 2018 until ROOPUN's appointment in 2019"
"text": "President Prithvirajsing ROOPUN (since 2 December 2019); Vice President Marie Cyril EDDY Boiss&eacute;zon (since 2 December 2019); note - President Ameenah GURIB-FAKIM, the country's first female president, resigned on 23 March 2018 amid a credit card scandal; acting presidents served from March 2018 until ROOPUN's appointment in 2019"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Pravind JUGNAUTH (since 23 January 2017); note - Prime Minister Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH stepped down on 23 January 2017 in favor of his son, Pravind Kumar JUGNAUTH, who was then appointed prime minister; following 7 November 2019 parliamentary elections, Pravind JUGNAUTH remained prime minister and home affairs minister and also became defense minister"
@ -533,7 +533,7 @@
"text": "president and vice president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for 5-year renewable terms; election last held on 7 November 2019 (next to be held in 2024); the president appoints the prime minister and deputy prime minister who have the majority support in the National Assembly"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2019</em>: Pritivirajsing ROOPUN (MSM) elected president by the National Assembly - unanimous vote; note - GURIB-FAKIM resigned on 23 March 2018<br><br><em>2015</em>: Ameenah GURIB-FAKIM (independent) elected president by the National Assembly - unanimous vote; note - GURIB-FAKIM was Mauritius' first female president <br>"
"text": "<em><br>2019</em>: Prithvirajsing ROOPUN (MSM) elected president by the National Assembly - unanimous vote; note - GURIB-FAKIM resigned on 23 March 2018<br><br><em>2015</em>: Ameenah GURIB-FAKIM (independent) elected president by the National Assembly - unanimous vote; note - GURIB-FAKIM was Mauritius' first female president <br>"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {

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africa/mr.json
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},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "40.82 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "41.98 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "2.74 megatons (2016 est.)"

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africa/rw.json
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},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "40.75 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "35.66 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "1.11 megatons (2016 est.)"

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africa/so.json
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"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in 2017 an independent electoral commission (the NIEC) was inaugurated with a mandate to oversee the process of registration of political parties in the country; as of 2021, the NIEC had registered a total of 110 parties"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU (candidate), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, LAS, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, CAEU (candidate), EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, LAS, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

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africa/ts.json
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},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "35.66 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "26.52 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "29.94 megatons (2016 est.)"

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africa/ug.json
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},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces that extend across its borders<br><br><em>Uganda-Kenya:</em> Kenya and Uganda began a joint demarcation of the boundary in 2021; Uganda and Kenya both claim Migingo Island, a tiny island in the middle of Lake Victoria, which offers good fishing<br><br><em>Uganda-Rwanda:</em> a joint technical committee established in 2007 to demarcate sections of the border<br><br><em>Uganda-Democratic Republic of Congo(DROC):</em> Uganda rejects the DROC claim to Margherita Peak in the Rwenzori mountains and considers it a boundary divide; there is tension and violence on Lake Albert over prospective oil reserves at the mouth of the Semliki River; Rukwanzi Island in Lake Albert is claimed by both countries<br><br><em>Uganda-South Sudan:</em> Government of South Sudan protests Lord's Resistance Army operations in western Equatorial State, displacing and driving out local populations and stealing grain stores<br><br><em>Uganda-Sudan</em>: none identified</p>"
"text": "<p>Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces that extend across its borders<br><br><em>Uganda-Kenya:</em> Kenya and Uganda began a joint demarcation of the boundary in 2021; Uganda and Kenya both claim Migingo Island, a tiny island in the middle of Lake Victoria, which offers good fishing<br><br><em>Uganda-Rwanda:</em> a joint technical committee established in 2007 to demarcate sections of the border<br><br><em>Uganda-Democratic Republic of Congo (DROC):</em> Uganda rejects the DROC claim to Margherita Peak in the Rwenzori mountains and considers it a boundary divide; there is tension and violence on Lake Albert over prospective oil reserves at the mouth of the Semliki River; Rukwanzi Island in Lake Albert is claimed by both countries<br><br><em>Uganda-South Sudan:</em> Government of South Sudan protests Lord's Resistance Army operations in western Equatorial State, displacing and driving out local populations and stealing grain stores<br><br><em>Uganda-Sudan</em>: none identified</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "905,568 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 500,520 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 41,246 (Somalia), 38,880 (Burundi), 34,368 (Eritrea), 23,388 (Rwanda), 8,936 (Ethiopia), 5,776 (Sudan) (2023)"
"text": "905,568 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 502,487 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 41,246 (Somalia), 38,880 (Burundi), 34,368 (Eritrea), 23,388 (Rwanda), 8,936 (Ethiopia), 5,776 (Sudan) (2023)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "67,000 (2022)"

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africa/uv.json
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},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>adding to illicit cross-border activities, Burkina Faso has issues concerning unresolved boundary alignments with its neighbors; demarcation is currently underway with Mali; the dispute with Niger was referred to the ICJ in 2010, and a dispute over several villages with Benin persists; Benin retains a border dispute with Burkina Faso around the town of Koualau/Kourou</p>"
"text": "<p>porous borders contribute to illicit cross-border activities, including terrorism and trafficking<br><br><em>Burkina Faso-Benin</em>: the two countries dispute sovereignty over a small area known as Kourou/Koalou near the tripoint with Togo, which has been declared a neutral zone pending settlement of the dispute; in 2009, an agreement to refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice was signed, but no formal application has yet been made to the Court</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

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africa/wz.json
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},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>in 2006, Swati king advocated resorting to ICJ to claim parts of Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal from South Africa</p>"
"text": "<p>Eswatini has stable relations with South Africa but claims large sections of South African territory based on the historic extent of Swazi control during the early 19th century; despite periodic negotiations, there has been little progress in resolving the dispute </p>"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"tier rating": {

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{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Bantu-speaking groups mainly from the Luba and Lunda Kingdoms in the Congo River Basin and from the Great Lakes region in East Africa settled in what is now Zambia beginning around A.D. 300, displacing and mixing with previous population groups in the region. The Mutapa Empire developed after the fall of Great Zimbabwe to the south in the 14th century and ruled the region, including large parts of Zambia, from the 14th to 17th century. The empire collapsed as a result of the growing slave trade and Portuguese incursions in the 16th and 17th centuries. The region was further influenced by migrants from the Zulu Kingdom to the south and the Luba and Lunda Kingdoms to the north after invading colonial and African powers displaced local residents into the area around the Zambezi River, in what is now Zambia. In the 1880s, British companies began securing mineral and other economic concessions from various local leaders. The companies eventually claimed control of the region and incorporated it as the protectorate of Northern Rhodesia in 1911. The UK Government took over administrative control from the British South Africa Company in 1924. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred British economic ventures and colonial settlement. <br><br>Northern Rhodesia’s name was changed to Zambia upon independence from the UK in 1964 under independence leader and first President Kenneth KUANDA. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices, economic mismanagement, and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule and propelled the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) into power. The subsequent vote in 1996, however, saw increasing harassment of opposition parties and abuse of state media and other resources. The election in 2001 was marked by administrative problems, with three parties filing a legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate Levy MWANAWASA. MWANAWASA was reelected in 2006 in an election that was deemed free and fair. Upon his death in August 2008, he was succeeded by his vice president, Rupiah BANDA, who won a special presidential byelection later that year. The MMD and BANDA lost to the Patriotic Front (PF) and Michael SATA in the 2011 general elections. SATA, however, presided over a period of haphazard economic management and attempted to silence opposition to PF policies. SATA died in October 2014 and was succeeded by his vice president, Guy SCOTT, who served as interim president until January 2015, when Edgar LUNGU won the presidential byelection and completed SATA's term. LUNGU then won a full term in August 2016 presidential elections. Hakainde HICHILEMA was elected president in August 2021."
"text": "Bantu-speaking groups mainly from the Luba and Lunda Kingdoms in the Congo River Basin and from the Great Lakes region in East Africa settled in what is now Zambia beginning around A.D. 300, displacing and mixing with previous population groups in the region. The Mutapa Empire developed after the fall of Great Zimbabwe to the south in the 14th century and ruled the region, including large parts of Zambia, from the 14th to 17th century. The empire collapsed as a result of the growing slave trade and Portuguese incursions in the 16th and 17th centuries. The region was further influenced by migrants from the Zulu Kingdom to the south and the Luba and Lunda Kingdoms to the north after invading colonial and African powers displaced local residents into the area around the Zambezi River, in what is now Zambia. In the 1880s, British companies began securing mineral and other economic concessions from various local leaders. The companies eventually claimed control of the region and incorporated it as the protectorate of Northern Rhodesia in 1911. The UK Government took over administrative control from the British South Africa Company in 1924. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred British economic ventures and colonial settlement. <br><br>Northern Rhodesia’s name was changed to Zambia upon independence from the UK in 1964 under independence leader and first President Kenneth KAUNDA. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices, economic mismanagement, and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule and propelled the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) into power. The subsequent vote in 1996, however, saw increasing harassment of opposition parties and abuse of state media and other resources. The election in 2001 was marked by administrative problems, with three parties filing a legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate Levy MWANAWASA. MWANAWASA was reelected in 2006 in an election that was deemed free and fair. Upon his death in August 2008, he was succeeded by his vice president, Rupiah BANDA, who won a special presidential byelection later that year. The MMD and BANDA lost to the Patriotic Front (PF) and Michael SATA in the 2011 general elections. SATA, however, presided over a period of haphazard economic management and attempted to silence opposition to PF policies. SATA died in October 2014 and was succeeded by his vice president, Guy SCOTT, who served as interim president until January 2015, when Edgar LUNGU won the presidential byelection and completed SATA's term. LUNGU then won a full term in August 2016 presidential elections. Hakainde HICHILEMA was elected president in August 2021."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -451,7 +451,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "24.7 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "16.9 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "5.14 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
africa/zi.json
View file

@ -455,7 +455,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "19.35 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "13.08 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "10.98 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
antarctica/fs.json
View file

@ -239,7 +239,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>French claim to \"Adelie Land\" in Antarctica is not recognized by the US; </p><p><strong>Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses):</strong> ; claimed by Madagascar; the vegetated drying cays of Banc du Geyser, which were claimed by Madagascar in 1976, also fall within the EEZ claims of the Comoros and France (Glorioso Islands); ; </p><p><strong>Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses):</strong> ; claimed by Mauritius</p>"
"text": "<p>French claim to \"Adelie Land\" in Antarctica is not recognized by the US;</p> <p>Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island (Iles Eparses): claimed by Madagascar; the vegetated drying cays of Banc du Geyser, which were claimed by Madagascar in 1976, also fall within the EEZ claims of the Comoros and France (Glorioso Islands)</p> <p>Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses): claimed by Mauritius</p>"
}
}
}

2
australia-oceania/as.json
View file

@ -1298,7 +1298,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Australia-Indonesia (Maritime Boundary):</em> All borders between Indonesia and Australia have been agreed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and EEZ boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature. Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef. Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing.<em><br></em></p>"
"text": "<p><em>Australia-Indonesia:</em> Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef <em><br></em></p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

14
australia-oceania/nz.json
View file

@ -424,7 +424,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "5.73 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "8.61 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "34.38 megatons (2016 est.)"
@ -544,7 +544,7 @@
"text": "King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor-General Dame Cindy KIRO (since 21 October 2021)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Chris HIPKINS (since 25 January 2023); Deputy Prime Minister Carmel SEPULONI (since 25 January 2023)"
"text": "Prime Minister Christopher LUXON (since 27 November 2023); Deputy Prime Minister Winston PETERS (since 27 November 2023)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Executive Council appointed by the governor-general on the recommendation of the prime minister"
@ -553,8 +553,9 @@
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor-general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor-general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor-general"
},
"election results": {
"text": "14 October 2023 parliamentary elections see National Party led coalition appear to have a majority; official results scheduled to be released on 3 November 2023; National Party leader Christopher LUXON expected to be new prime minister"
}
"text": "LUXON's National Party won the 2023 general selection with 38% of the vote and 48 total seats in parliament; his coalition government includes the ACT New Zealand party (8.6% and 11 seats) and the New Zealand First Party (6.1% and 8 seats)"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>according to Prime Minister LUXON, the Winston PETERS of the New Zealand First Party would be the deputy prime minister in the first half of the term while Act party leader, David SEYMOUR, would take the role for the second half of the term"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
@ -564,7 +565,7 @@
"text": "last held on 14 October 2023 (next scheduled for October 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - National Party 39.0%, Labor Party 26.9%, Green Party 10.8%, ACT Party 9.0%, New Zealand First 6.5%; Maori Party 2.6%; seats by party - National Party 50, Labor Party 34, Green Party 14, ACT Party 11, New Zealand First 8, Maori Party 4; composition - NA; parliamentary election results see National Party led coalition appear to have a majority; official results scheduled to be released on 3 November 2023"
"text": "percent of vote by party - National Party 38.1%, Labor Party 26.9%, Green Party 11.6%, ACT Party 8.6%, New Zealand First 6.1%; Maori Party 3.1%; seats by party - National Party 48, Labor Party 34, Green Party 15, ACT Party 11, New Zealand First 8, Maori Party 6; composition - NA"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -579,7 +580,8 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "ACT New Zealand [David SEYMOUR]<br>Green Party [Marama DAVIDSON and James SHAW]<br>Mana Movement [Hone HARAWIRA] (formerly Mana Party)<br>Maori Party [Debbie NGAREWA-PACKER and Rawiri WAITITI]<br>New Zealand First Party or NZ First [Winston PETERS]<br>New Zealand Labor Party [Chris HIPKINS]<br>New Zealand National Party [Christopher LUXON]"
"text": "ACT New Zealand [David SEYMOUR]<br>Green Party [Marama DAVIDSON and James SHAW]<br>New Zealand First Party or NZ First [Winston PETERS]<br>New Zealand Labor Party [Chris HIPKINS]<br>New Zealand National Party [Christopher LUXON]<br>Te Pāti Māori [Debbie NGAREWA-PACKER and Rawiri WAITITI]",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in the October 2023 general election, 11 additional parties won votes but no seats in Parliament"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB, ANZUS, APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CD, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, PIF, SICA (observer), Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

2
central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json
View file

@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>The Bahamas-US (Maritime Boundary):</em> In declaring its archipelagic waters and 200 nm EEZ in 1993 legislation, The Bahamas did not delimit the outer limits of the EEZ; but in areas where EEZs overlap with neighbors, The Bahamas agreed to equidistance as a line of separation.  However, The Bahamas has yet to define maritime boundaries with any of its neighbors, including the United States, whose Florida coast lays about 70 nm from Grand Bahama Island.</p>"
"text": "<p><em>The Bahamas-US:</em> in declaring its archipelagic waters and 200 nm EEZ in 1993 legislation, The Bahamas did not delimit the outer limits of the EEZ; but in areas where EEZs overlap with neighbors, The Bahamas agreed to equidistance as a line of separation; however, The Bahamas has yet to define maritime boundaries with any of its neighbors, including the US, whose Florida coast lays about 70 nm from Grand Bahama Island</p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit point for illegal drugs bound for the United States; small scale illicit production of marijuana continues</p>"

4
central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json
View file

@ -428,7 +428,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "21.23 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "10.51 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "0.57 megatons (2016 est.)"
@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Belize-Guatemala: </em>Demarcated but insecure boundary due to Guatemala’s claims to more than half of Belizean territory.  Line of Adjacency operates in lieu of an international boundary to control influx of Guatemalan squatters onto Belizean territory. Smuggling, narcotics trafficking, and human trafficking for sexual exploitation and debt bondage are all problems. Belize lacks resources to detect and extradite impoverished Guatemalan peasants squatting in Belizean rain forests in the remote border areas. At present, Belize and Honduras 12-nm territorial sea claims close off Guatemalan access to Caribbean in the Bahia de Amatique. Maritime boundary remains unresolved pending further negotiation.<br><br><em>Belize-Honduras:</em> Honduras claims the Belizean-administered Sapodilla Cays off the coast of Belize in its constitution, but agreed to a joint ecological park around the cays should Guatemala consent to a maritime corridor in the Caribbean under the OAS-sponsored 2002 Belize-Guatemala Differendum.</p> <p><em>Belize-Mexico:</em> Belize and Mexico are working to solve minor border demarcation discrepancies arising from inaccuracies in the 1898 border treaty. Transshipment of illegal<strong> </strong>narcotics, smuggling, human trafficking, illegal immigration, and the growing of marijuana in very low population areas are all issues in the region today.</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Belize-Guatemala: </em>demarcated but insecure boundary due to Guatemala’s claims to more than half of Belizean territory; a Line of Adjacency operates in lieu of an international boundary to control influx of Guatemalan squatters onto Belizean territory, as well as smuggling, narcotics trafficking, and human trafficking for sexual exploitation and debt bondage; Belize and Honduras 12-nm territorial sea claims close off Guatemalan access to Caribbean in the Bahia de Amatique; maritime boundary remains unresolved pending further negotiation<br><br><em>Belize-Honduras:</em> Honduras claims the Belizean-administered Sapodilla Cays off the coast of Belize in its constitution, but agreed to a joint ecological park around the cays should Guatemala consent to a maritime corridor in the Caribbean under the OAS-sponsored 2002 Belize-Guatemala Differendum</p> <p><em>Belize-Mexico:</em> Belize and Mexico are working to solve minor border demarcation discrepancies arising from inaccuracies in the 1898 border treaty; transshipment of illegal<strong> </strong>narcotics, smuggling, human trafficking, illegal immigration, and the growing of marijuana in very low population areas are issues in the region </p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a significant drug trafficking and transit point between countries in South America and the United States; primary domestic use of narcotics is marijuana and some crack cocaine; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics</p>"

2
central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json
View file

@ -447,7 +447,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "18.37 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "13.32 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "28.28 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json
View file

@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "unauthorized migration and smuggling from impoverished and unstable Haiti has led to occasional border tensions and increased security by the Dominican Republic, including the construction of a fence and the deployment of military troops"
"text": "<em>Dominican Republic-Haiti:</em> unauthorized migration and smuggling from impoverished and unstable Haiti has led to occasional border tensions and increased security by the Dominican Republic, including the construction of a fence and the deployment of military troops"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

2
central-america-n-caribbean/es.json
View file

@ -445,7 +445,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "23.42 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "22.15 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "7.17 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json
View file

@ -419,7 +419,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "13.25 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "14.83 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "8.23 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json
View file

@ -438,7 +438,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "11.18 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "11.78 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "10.71 megatons (2016 est.)"

14
central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json
View file

@ -102,13 +102,13 @@
},
"Median age": {
"total": {
"text": "45.6 years (2020)"
"text": "45.6 years"
},
"male": {
"text": "45.5 years"
},
"female": {
"text": "45.8 years"
"text": "45.8 years (2020 est.)"
}
},
"Population growth rate": {
@ -145,24 +145,24 @@
},
"Infant mortality rate": {
"total": {
"text": "6.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)"
"text": "6.58 deaths/1,000 live births"
},
"male": {
"text": "7.7 deaths/1,000 live births"
},
"female": {
"text": "5.42 deaths/1,000 live births"
"text": "5.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)"
}
},
"Life expectancy at birth": {
"total population": {
"text": "80.8 years (2023 est.)"
"text": "80.8 years"
},
"male": {
"text": "77.72 years"
},
"female": {
"text": "84.01 years"
"text": "84.01 years (2023 est.)"
}
},
"Total fertility rate": {
@ -332,7 +332,7 @@
"text": "unicameral Territorial Council (19 seats; members elected by absolute majority vote in the first-round vote and proportional representation vote in the second round; members serve 5-year terms); Saint Barthelemy indirectly elects 1 senator to the French Senate by an electoral college for a 6-year term and directly elects 1 deputy (shared with Saint Martin) to the French National Assembly"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Territorial Council - first round held on 20 March 2022 (next to be held in 2027); second round held on 27 March 2022<br>French Senate - election last held on 24 September 2023 (next to be held on 30 September 2026) <br>French National Assembly - election last held on 12 and 19 June 2022 (next to be held by June 2027)"
"text": "Territorial Council - first round held on 20 March 2022 (next to be held in 2027); second round held on 27 March 2022<br>French Senate - election last held on 24 September 2020 (next to be held in September 2023) <br>French National Assembly - election last held on 12 and 19 June 2022 (next to be held by June 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Territorial Council - percent of vote by party (first round) - SBA 46.2%, Saint Barth Action Equilibre 27.1%, Unis pour Saint Barthelemy 26.8%; percent of vote by party (second round) - Saint Barth Action Equilibre and Unis pour Saint Barthelemy 50.9%, SBA 49.2%, seats by party - Saint Barth Action Equilibre and Unis pour Saint Barthelemy 13, SBA 6; composition - men NA, women NA, percent of women NA<br>French Senate - percent of vote by party NA; seats by party UMP 1 <br>French National Assembly - percent of vote by party NA; seats by party UMP 1"

2
central-america-n-caribbean/td.json
View file

@ -391,7 +391,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "22.04 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "10.26 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "43.87 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json
View file

@ -385,7 +385,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "21.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "9.41 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "0.22 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
central-asia/kg.json
View file

@ -436,7 +436,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "18.12 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "37.58 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "9.79 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
central-asia/rs.json
View file

@ -1362,7 +1362,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "2,852,395 (Ukraine) (as of 3 October 2022)"
"text": "1,244,180 (Ukraine) (as of 30 June 2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "7,500 (2022)"

2
central-asia/ti.json
View file

@ -429,7 +429,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "40.05 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "53.65 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "5.31 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
central-asia/tx.json
View file

@ -437,7 +437,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "19.02 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "26.41 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "70.63 megatons (2016 est.)"

4
central-asia/uz.json
View file

@ -431,7 +431,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "25.29 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "40.98 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "91.81 megatons (2016 est.)"
@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Uzbekistan-Afghanistan</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan</em>: field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2004; disputed territory is held by Uzbekistan but the overwhelming majority of residents are ethnic Kazakhs; the two countries agreed on draft final demarcation documents in March 2022 and plan to hold another meeting in April 2022</p> <p><em>Uzbekistan-Kyrgyzstan</em>: border delimitation of 130 km of border with Kyrgyzstan is hampered by serious disputes around enclaves and other areas; in 2021, border talks between Uzbek and Kyrgyz officials raised the possibility of a land swap arrangement, but a deal was not finalized</p> <p><em>Uzbekistan-Tajikistan</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Uzbekistan-Turkmenistan</em>: prolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan created water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; in 2021, the two countries reached an agreement to create a joint intergovernmental commission to oversee water management</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Uzbekistan-Afghanistan</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan</em>: field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2004; disputed territory is held by Uzbekistan, but the overwhelming majority of residents are ethnic Kazakhs; the two countries agreed on draft final demarcation documents in March 2022 and signed an agreement demarcating their border in December 2022 </p> <p><em>Uzbekistan-Kyrgyzstan</em>: border delimitation of 130 km of border with Kyrgyzstan is hampered by serious disputes around enclaves and other areas; in 2021, border talks between Uzbek and Kyrgyz officials raised the possibility of a land swap arrangement, but a deal was not finalized</p> <p><em>Uzbekistan-Tajikistan</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Uzbekistan-Turkmenistan</em>: prolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan created water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; in 2021, the two countries reached an agreement to create a joint intergovernmental commission to oversee water management</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

2
east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json
View file

@ -469,7 +469,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "34.69 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "27.16 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "25.28 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json
View file

@ -421,7 +421,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "5.78 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "6.86 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "7.66 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json
View file

@ -425,7 +425,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "11.45 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "10.84 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "1,135.89 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json
View file

@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the bulk of the KPA is made up of conscripts; as many as 20% of North Korean males between the ages of 16 and 54 are in the military at a given time and possibly up to 30 percent of males between the ages of 18 and 27, not counting the reserves or paramilitary units; women comprise about 20% of the military by some estimates"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "North Korea is one of the most militarized countries in the World, and the Korean People's Army (KPA) is one of the World’s largest military forces; the KPA’s primary responsibilities are national defense and protection of the Kim regime; it also provides considerable support to domestic economic projects such as agriculture production and infrastructure construction; North Korea views the US as its primary external security threat while South Korea and Japan are treated as extensions of perceived US aggression; the North also sees South Korea’s different economic and political systems as a threat to the regime’s legitimacy; the Kim regime is driven by fears of threats to its power from internal sources as well <br><br>in addition to the invasion of South Korea and the subsequent Korean War (1950-53), North Korea from the 1960s to the 1980s launched a considerable number of limited military and subversive actions against South Korea using special forces and terrorist tactics; including aggressive skirmishes along the DMZ, overt attempts to assassinate South Korean leaders, kidnappings, the bombing of an airliner, and a failed effort in 1968 to foment an insurrection and conduct a guerrilla war in the South with more than 100 seaborne commandos; from the 1990s until 2010, the North lost two submarines and a semi-submersible boat attempting to insert infiltrators into the South (1996, 1998) and provoked several engagements in the Northwest Islands area along the disputed Northern Limit Line (NLL), including naval skirmishes between patrol boats in 1999 and 2002, the torpedoing and sinking of a South Korean Navy corvette in 2010, and the bombardment of a South Korean Marine Corps installation on Yeonpyeong Island, also in 2010; since 2010, further minor incidents continue to occur periodically along the DMZ, where both the KPA and the South Korean military maintain large numbers of troops<br><br>in 2018, North Korea and South Korea signed a tension reduction agreement known as the Comprehensive Military Agreement (CMA), which established land, sea, and air buffer zones along the DMZ and the NLL; implementation of the CMA required the removal of some land mines and guard posts; the efforts led to a reduction of tension in the DMZ, but North Korea has failed to uphold much of its side of the agreement<br><br>the KPA was founded in 1948; Kim Jong Un is the KPA supreme commander, while operational control of the armed forces resides in the General Staff Department (GSD), which reports directly to Kim; the GSD maintains overall control of all military forces and is charged with turning Kim’s directives into operational military orders; the Ministry of National Defense (MND) is responsible for administrative control of the military and external relations with foreign militaries<br><br>North Korea’s growing ballistic missile program includes close- (CRBM), short- (SRBM), medium- (MRBM), intermediate- (IRBM), and intercontinental- (ICBM) range ballistic missiles; the North received its first ballistic missiles, short-range FROGs (free rocket over ground), from the Soviet Union in the 1960s, but its modern ballistic missile program is generally thought to date back to the mid-1970s when it received a Soviet Scud-class missile, likely from Egypt; the North reverse-engineered the missile and developed an indigenously built version in 1984; it flight-tested its first Scud-based medium-range Nodong missile in 1990, and probably began development of the multi-stage Taepodong missiles around this time as well; the North revealed its first road-mobile ICBM in 2012 and conducted the first test of an ICBM-class system in 2017; it conducted additional ICBM tests in 2022 and 2023 (2023)"
"text": "North Korea is one of the most militarized countries in the World, and the Korean People's Army (KPA) is one of the World’s largest military forces; the KPA’s primary responsibilities are national defense and protection of the Kim regime; it also provides considerable support to domestic economic projects such as agriculture production and infrastructure construction; North Korea views the US as its primary external security threat while South Korea and Japan are treated as extensions of perceived US aggression; the North also sees South Korea’s different economic and political systems as a threat to the regime’s legitimacy; the Kim regime is driven by fears of threats to its power from internal sources as well <br><br>in addition to the invasion of South Korea and the subsequent Korean War (1950-53), North Korea from the 1960s to the 1980s launched a considerable number of limited military and subversive actions against South Korea using special forces and terrorist tactics; including aggressive skirmishes along the DMZ, overt attempts to assassinate South Korean leaders, kidnappings, the bombing of an airliner, and a failed effort in 1968 to foment an insurrection and conduct a guerrilla war in the South with more than 100 seaborne commandos; from the 1990s until 2010, the North lost two submarines and a semi-submersible boat attempting to insert infiltrators into the South (1996, 1998) and provoked several engagements in the Northwest Islands area along the disputed Northern Limit Line (NLL), including naval skirmishes between patrol boats in 1999 and 2002, the torpedoing and sinking of a South Korean Navy corvette in 2010, and the bombardment of a South Korean Marine Corps installation on Yeonpyeong Island, also in 2010; since 2010, further minor incidents continue to occur periodically along the DMZ, where both the KPA and the South Korean military maintain large numbers of troops<br><br>the KPA was founded in 1948; Kim Jong Un is the KPA supreme commander, while operational control of the armed forces resides in the General Staff Department (GSD), which reports directly to Kim; the GSD maintains overall control of all military forces and is charged with turning Kim’s directives into operational military orders; the Ministry of National Defense (MND) is responsible for administrative control of the military and external relations with foreign militaries<br><br>North Korea’s growing ballistic missile program includes close- (CRBM), short- (SRBM), medium- (MRBM), intermediate- (IRBM), and intercontinental- (ICBM) range ballistic missiles; the North received its first ballistic missiles, short-range FROGs (free rocket over ground), from the Soviet Union in the 1960s, but its modern ballistic missile program is generally thought to date back to the mid-1970s when it received a Soviet Scud-class missile, likely from Egypt; the North reverse-engineered the missile and developed an indigenously built version in 1984; it flight-tested its first Scud-based medium-range Nodong missile in 1990, and probably began development of the multi-stage Taepodong missiles around this time as well; the North revealed its first road-mobile ICBM in 2012 and conducted the first test of an ICBM-class system in 2017; it conducted additional ICBM tests in 2022 and 2023 (2023)"
}
},
"Space": {

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east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json
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east-n-southeast-asia/la.json
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@ -440,7 +440,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "24.49 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "21.15 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "17.76 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json
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@ -430,7 +430,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "17.88 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "20.47 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "0.5 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
europe/au.json
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@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "68,700 (Syria), 43,725 (Afghanistan), 10,110 (Iraq), 8,684 (Somalia), 7,294 (Iran), 6,124 (Russia) (mid-year 2022); 68,700 (Ukraine) (as of 30 October 2023)"
"text": "68,700 (Syria), 43,725 (Afghanistan), 10,110 (Iraq), 8,684 (Somalia), 7,294 (Iran), 6,124 (Russia) (mid-year 2022); 80,365 (Ukraine) (as of 6 November 2023)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "3,219 (2022)"

4
europe/bo.json
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@ -431,7 +431,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "18.06 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "15.48 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "58.28 megatons (2016 est.)"
@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Belarus-Latvia:</em> Boundary demarcated with Latvia.<br><br><em>Belarus-Lithuania:</em> Boundary demarcated with Lithuania.<br><br><em>Belarus-Poland:</em> As a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Poland has implemented strict Schengen border rules to restrict illegal immigration and trade along its border with Belarus.</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Belarus-Latvia:</em> boundary demarcated with Latvia<br><br><em>Belarus-Lithuania:</em> boundary demarcated with Lithuania.<br><br><em>Belarus-Poland:</em> as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Poland has implemented strict Schengen border rules to restrict illegal immigration and trade along its border with Belarus.</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

2
europe/bu.json
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@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "22,226 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 52,675 (Ukraine) (as of 17 October 2023)"
"text": "22,226 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 52,245 (Ukraine) (as of 7 November 2023)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,129 (2022)"

2
europe/cy.json
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@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "10,869 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 19,910 (Ukraine) (as of 16 October 2023)"
"text": "10,869 (Syria) (mid-year 2022); 19,345 (Ukraine) (as of 5 November 2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "246,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced since 1974) (2022)"

2
europe/en.json
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@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "50,450 (Ukraine) (as of 29 October 2023)"
"text": "50,450 (Ukraine) (as of 5 November 2023)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "70,604 (2022); note - following independence in 1991, automatic citizenship was restricted to those who were Estonian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants; thousands of ethnic Russians remained stateless when forced to choose between passing Estonian language and citizenship tests or applying for Russian citizenship; one reason for demurring on Estonian citizenship was to retain the right of visa-free travel to Russia; stateless residents can vote in local elections but not general elections; stateless parents who have been lawful residents of Estonia for at least five years can apply for citizenship for their children before they turn 15 years old"

2
europe/gm.json
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@ -1315,7 +1315,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "664,238 (Syria), 183,631 (Afghanistan), 151,254 (Iraq), 64,496 (Eritrea), 47,658 (Iran), 38,755 (Turkey), 32,155 (Somalia), 13,334 (Russia), 12,155 (Nigeria), 9,250 (Pakistan), 6,257 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,912 (Ethiopia), 5,532 (Azerbaijan) (mid-year 2022); 1,114,070 (Ukraine) (as of 11 October 2023)"
"text": "664,238 (Syria), 183,631 (Afghanistan), 151,254 (Iraq), 64,496 (Eritrea), 47,658 (Iran), 38,755 (Turkey), 32,155 (Somalia), 13,334 (Russia), 12,155 (Nigeria), 9,250 (Pakistan), 6,257 (Serbia and Kosovo), 6,912 (Ethiopia), 5,532 (Azerbaijan) (mid-year 2022); 1,118,205 (Ukraine) (as of 12 November 2023)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "28,941 (2022)"

2
europe/gr.json
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@ -1248,7 +1248,7 @@
"stateless persons": {
"text": "4,488 (2022)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1,269,567 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2023)"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> 1,272,420 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2023)"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis products and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime"

2
europe/hr.json
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@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "23,710 (Ukraine) (as of 20 October 2023)"
"text": "23,855 (Ukraine) (as of 3 November 2023)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "2,889 (2022)"

2
europe/lg.json
View file

@ -431,7 +431,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "12.72 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "12.02 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "7 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
europe/lo.json
View file

@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "109,115 (Ukraine) (as of 15 October 2023)"
"text": "112,350 (Ukraine) (as of 12 November 2023)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "2,940 (2022)"

2
europe/mn.json
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@ -361,7 +361,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "12.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "9.21 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"methane emissions": {
"text": "0.05 megatons (2020 est.)"

2
europe/mt.json
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@ -415,7 +415,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "13.97 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "12.93 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "1.34 megatons (2016 est.)"

8
europe/nl.json
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@ -572,10 +572,10 @@
"text": "bicameral States General or Staten Generaal consists of:<br>Senate or Eerste Kamer (75 seats; members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial council members by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)<br>House of Representatives or Tweede Kamer (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote to serve up to 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Senate - last held on 30 May 2023 (next to be held in May 2027)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 15-17 March 2021 (next to be held on 22 November 2023)"
"text": "Senate - last held on 30 May 2023 (next to be held in May 2027)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 22 November 2023 (next to be held on 30 November 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - BBB 21.3%, VVD 13.3%, GL 9.3%, PvdA 9.3%, CDA 8.0%, D66 6.7%, PVV 5.3%, SP 4.0%, CU 4.0%, PvdD 4.0%, JA21 4.0%, Volt 2.7%, SGP 2.7%,  FvD 2.7%, other 2.6%; seats by party - BBB 16, VVD 10, GL 7, PvdA 7, CDA 6, D66 5, PVV 4, SP 3, CU 3, PvdD 3, JA21 3, Volt 2, SGP 2, FvD 2 other 2; composition (as of May 2023) - men 45, women 30, percent of women 40%<br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - VVD 22.7%, D66 16%, PVV 11.3%, CDA 9.3%, SP 6%, PvdA 6%, GL 5.3%, FvD 3.3%, PvdD 4%, CU 3.3%, Denk 2%, SGP 2%, JA21 2%, other 5.3%; seats by party - VVD 34, D66 24, PVV 17, CDA 14, GL 8, PvdD 6, PvdA 9, SP 9, CU 5, FvD 5, Denk 3, SGP 3, JA21 3, other 8; composition (as of September 2021) - men 89, women 61, percent of women 40.7%; note - total States General percent of women 37.3%"
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - BBB 21.3%, VVD 13.3%, GL 9.3%, PvdA 9.3%, CDA 8.0%, D66 6.7%, PVV 5.3%, SP 4.0%, CU 4.0%, PvdD 4.0%, JA21 4.0%, Volt 2.7%, SGP 2.7%,  FvD 2.7%, other 2.6%; seats by party - BBB 16, VVD 10, GL 7, PvdA 7, CDA 6, D66 5, PVV 4, SP 3, CU 3, PvdD 3, JA21 3, Volt 2, SGP 2, FvD 2 other 2; composition (as of May 2023) - men 45, women 30, percent of women 40%<br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PVV 23.6%, GL/PvdA 15.5%, VVD 15.2%, NSC 12.8%, D66 6.2%, BBB 4.7%, CDA 3.3%, SP 3.1%, Denk 2.4%, FvD 2.2%, PvdD 2.3%, CU 2.1%, SGP 2.2%, other 6.4%; seats by party - PVV 37, GL/PvdA 25, VVD 24, NSC 20, D66 9, BBB 7, CDA 5, SP 5, Denk 3, PvdD 3, CU 3, FvD 3, SGP 3, other 6; composition (as of September 2021) - men 89, women 61, percent of women 40.7%; note - total States General percent of women 37.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -590,7 +590,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Wopke HOEKSTRA]<br>Christian Union or CU [Mirjam BIKKER]<br>Correct Answer 2021 or JA21 [Joost EDERMANS]<br>Democrats 66 or D66 [Sigrid KAAG]<br>Denk [Farid AZARKAN]<br>Farmer-Citizen Movement or BBB [Caroline van der PLAS]<br>50Plus [Martin van ROOIJEN]<br>Forum for Democracy or FvD [Thierry BAUDET]<br>Green Left (GroenLinks) or GL [Jesse KLAVER]<br>Labor Party or PvdA (Attje KUIKEN)<br>Party for Freedom or PVV [Geert WILDERS]<br>Party for the Animals or PvdD [Esther OUWENHAND]<br>People's Party for Freedom and Democracy or VVD [Mark RUTTE]<br>Reformed Political Party or SGP [Kees VAN DER STAAIJ]<br>Socialist Party or SP [Lilian MARIJNISSEN]<br>Together or BIJ1 [Sylvana Simons]<br>Volt Netherlands or Volt [Laurens DASSEN]"
"text": "Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Henri BONTENBAI]<br>Christian Union or CU [Mirjam BIKKER]<br>Correct Answer 2021 or JA21 [Joost EEDERMANS]<br>Democrats 66 or D66 [Rob JETTEN]<br>Denk [Stephan van BAARLE]<br>Farmer-Citizen Movement or BBB [Caroline van der PLAS]<br>50Plus [Martin van ROOIJEN]<br>Forum for Democracy or FvD [Thierry BAUDET]<br>Green Left (GroenLinks) or GL [Jesse KLAVER]<br>Labor Party or PvdA [Attje KUIKEN]<br>New Social Contract or NSC [Pieter OMTZIGT]<br>Party for Freedom or PVV [Geert WILDERS]<br>Party for the Animals or PvdD [Esther OUWENHAND]<br>People's Party for Freedom and Democracy or VVD [Dilan YESILGOZ]<br>Reformed Political Party or SGP [Chris STOFFER]<br>Socialist Party or SP [Lilian MARIJNISSEN]<br>Together or BIJ1 [Edson OLF]<br>Volt Netherlands or Volt [Laurens DASSEN]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "53,496 (Syria), 19,204 (Eritrea), 7,106 (Turkey), 5,593 (Iran), 5,152 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 94,415 (Ukraine) (as of 26 May 2023)"
"text": "53,496 (Syria), 19,204 (Eritrea), 7,106 (Turkey), 5,593 (Iran), 5,152 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 136,470 (Ukraine) (as of 30 September 2023)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "4,570 (2022)"

4
europe/pl.json
View file

@ -436,7 +436,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "20.54 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "18.83 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "299.04 megatons (2016 est.)"
@ -1287,7 +1287,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "958,935 (Ukraine) (as of 18 October 2023)"
"text": "954,600 (Ukraine) (as of 20 November 2023)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,435 (2022)"

2
europe/po.json
View file

@ -422,7 +422,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "7.87 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "7.34 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "48.74 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
europe/sw.json
View file

@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "113,213 (Syria), 26,857 (Afghanistan), 25,849 (Eritrea), 10,464 (Iraq), 9,315 (Somalia), 7,146 (Iran) (mid-year 2022); 41,420 (Ukraine) (as of 26 October 2023)"
"text": "113,213 (Syria), 26,857 (Afghanistan), 25,849 (Eritrea), 10,464 (Iraq), 9,315 (Somalia), 7,146 (Iran) (mid-year 2022); 41,375 (Ukraine) (as of 9 November 2023)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "46,515 (2022); note - the majority of stateless people are from the Middle East and Somalia"

2
middle-east/iz.json
View file

@ -442,7 +442,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "57.73 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "39.29 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "190.06 megatons (2016 est.)"

4
middle-east/jo.json
View file

@ -441,7 +441,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "32.09 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "25.87 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "25.11 megatons (2016 est.)"
@ -1254,7 +1254,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "2.4 million (Palestinian refugees) (2020); 12,866 (Yemen), 6,013 Sudan (2021); 33,951 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 653,292 (Syria) (2023)"
"text": "2.4 million (Palestinian refugees) (2020); 12,866 (Yemen), 6,013 Sudan (2021); 33,951 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 652,842 (Syria) (2023)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "64 (2022)"

2
middle-east/ku.json
View file

@ -421,7 +421,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "57.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "64.08 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "98.73 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
middle-east/le.json
View file

@ -428,7 +428,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "30.67 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "24.23 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "24.8 megatons (2016 est.)"

6
middle-east/mu.json
View file

@ -547,13 +547,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Council of Oman or Majlis Oman consists of:<br>Council of State or Majlis al-Dawla (85 seats including the chairman; members appointed by the sultan from among former government officials and prominent educators, businessmen, and citizens)<br>Consultative Assembly or Majlis al-Shura (86 seats; members directly elected in single- and 2-seat constituencies by simple majority popular vote to serve renewable 4-year terms); note - since political reforms in 2011, legislation from the Consultative Council is submitted to the Council of State for review by the Royal Court"
"text": "bicameral Council of Oman or Majlis Oman consists of:<br>Council of State or Majlis al-Dawla (87 seats including the chairman; members appointed by the sultan from among former government officials and prominent educators, businessmen, and citizens; members serve 4-year term)<br>Consultative Assembly or Majlis al-Shura (90 seats; members directly elected in single- and 2-seat constituencies by simple majority popular vote to serve renewable 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Council of State - last appointments on 11 July 2019 (next to be held in November 2023)<br>Consultative Assembly - last held on 29 October 2023 (next to be held in October 2027)"
"text": "Council of State - last appointments on 8 November 2023 (next appointments in November 2027)<br>Consultative Assembly - last held on 29 October 2023 (next to be held in October 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Council of State - 85 nonpartisan members were appointed by the sultan; composition - men 70, women 15, percent of women 17.6%<br>Consultative Assembly percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; 86 nonpartisan members were elected (organized political parties in Oman are legally banned)"
"text": "<br>Council of State - 87 nonpartisan members were appointed by the sultan; composition - men 59, women 18, percent of women 20.7%<br>Consultative Assembly percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; 90 nonpartisan members were elected (organized political parties in Oman are legally banned); composition - 90 men, 0 women; note - total Council of Oman percent of women 20.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {

2
middle-east/qa.json
View file

@ -422,7 +422,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "90.35 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "59.04 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "103.26 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
middle-east/sa.json
View file

@ -427,7 +427,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "78.38 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "57.16 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "563.45 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
middle-east/sy.json
View file

@ -415,7 +415,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "39.43 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "25.14 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "28.83 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
middle-east/tu.json
View file

@ -1298,7 +1298,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "10,244 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 3,274,059 (Syria), 42,905 (Ukraine) (as of 12 October 2023) (2023)"
"text": "10,244 (Iraq) (mid-year 2022); 3,274,059 (Syria), 42,875 (Ukraine) (as of 26 October 2023) (2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "1.099 million (displaced from 1984-2005 because of fighting between the Kurdish PKK and Turkish military; most IDPs are Kurds from eastern and southeastern provinces; no information available on persons displaced by development projects) (2022)"

2
north-america/us.json
View file

@ -599,7 +599,7 @@
"text": "bicameral Congress consists of:<br>Senate (100 seats; 2 members directly elected in each of the 50 state constituencies by simple majority vote except in Georgia and Louisiana which require an absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of membership renewed every 2 years)<br>House of Representatives (435 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote except in Georgia which requires an absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 2-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 3 November 2024)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 3 November 2024)"
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 5 November 2024)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 5 November 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 51, Republican Party 49; composition - men 75, women 25, percent of women 25% <br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 222, Democratic Party 213; composition - men 307, women 128, percent of women 29.4%; note - total US Congress percent of women 28.6%"

2
south-america/pa.json
View file

@ -435,7 +435,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "11.16 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "12.31 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "7.41 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
south-america/uy.json
View file

@ -438,7 +438,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "8.63 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "8.48 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "6.77 megatons (2016 est.)"

4
south-asia/af.json
View file

@ -453,7 +453,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "53.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "62.49 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "8.67 megatons (2016 est.)"
@ -1186,7 +1186,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Afghanistan-China:</em> none identified<br><em><br>Afghanistan-Iran:</em> Afghan and Iranian commissioners have discussed boundary monument densification and resurvey; Iran protests Afghanistan's restricting flow of dammed Helmand River tributaries during drought<br><br><em>Afghanistan-Pakistan:</em> Pakistan has built fences in some portions of its border with Afghanistan which remains open in some areas to terrorist and other illegal activities; their alignments may not always be in conformance with the Durand Line and original surveyed definitions of the boundary; Pakistan demarcates the Durand Line differently from Afghanistan, and thus portions of the Pakistani fence may lie within what Afghanistan (and most of the international community, including the US) would consider Afghan territory; successive governments in Afghanistan, including the Taliban, have not accepted the 1947 demarcation line<br><br><em>Afghanistan-Tajikistan:</em> none identified<br><br><em>Afghanistan-Turkmenistan:</em> none identified<br><br><em>Afghanistan-Uzbekistan:</em> none identified; boundary follows Amu Darya River as delimited in the Afghan-Soviet treaties and not by the river's current course; the boundary was delimited and possibly demarcated during Soviet times (pre-1991); no current negotiations between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan to redelimit the boundary have been identified <br><br>Russia remains concerned about the smuggling of poppy derivatives from Afghanistan through Central Asian countries</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Afghanistan-China:</em> none identified<br><em><br>Afghanistan-Iran:</em> Afghan and Iranian commissioners have discussed boundary monument densification and resurvey; Iran protests Afghanistan's restricting flow of dammed Helmand River tributaries during drought<br><br><em>Afghanistan-Pakistan:</em> Pakistan has built fences in some portions of its border with Afghanistan which remains open in some areas to terrorist and other illegal activities; their alignments may not always be in conformance with the Durand Line and original surveyed definitions of the boundary; Pakistan demarcates the Durand Line differently from Afghanistan, and thus portions of the Pakistani fence may lie within what Afghanistan (and most of the international community, including the US) would consider Afghan territory; successive governments in Afghanistan, including the Taliban, have not accepted the 1947 demarcation line<br><br><em>Afghanistan-Tajikistan:</em> none identified<br><br><em>Afghanistan-Turkmenistan:</em> none identified<br><br><em>Afghanistan-Uzbekistan:</em> none identified; boundary follows Amu Darya River as delimited in the Afghan-Soviet treaties and not by the river's current course; the boundary was delimited and possibly demarcated during Soviet times (pre-1991); no current negotiations between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan to redelimit the boundary have been identified </p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

2
south-asia/bt.json
View file

@ -1091,7 +1091,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Bhutan-China:</em> Lacking any treaty describing the boundary, Bhutan and China continue negotiations to establish a common boundary alignment to resolve territorial disputes arising from substantial cartographic discrepancies, the most contentious of which lie in Bhutan's west along China’s Chumbi salient.<br><br><em>Bhutan-India:</em> none identified</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Bhutan-China:</em> lacking any treaty describing the boundary, Bhutan and China continue negotiations to establish a common boundary alignment to resolve territorial disputes arising from substantial cartographic discrepancies, the most contentious of which lie in Bhutan's west along China’s Chumbi salient<br><br><em>Bhutan-India:</em> none identified</p>"
}
}
}

2
south-asia/ce.json
View file

@ -446,7 +446,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "15.25 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "23.88 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "23.36 megatons (2016 est.)"

4
south-asia/mv.json
View file

@ -530,10 +530,10 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President-elect Mohamed MUIZZI (since 30 September 2023); Vice President-elect Hussain Mohamed LATHEEF (since 30 September 2023); the president is both chief of state and head of government; inauguration scheduled for 17 November 2023"
"text": "President Mohamed MUIZZI (sworn in 17 November 2023); Vice President-elect Hussain Mohamed LATHEEF (since 30 September 2023); the president is both chief of state and head of government; inauguration scheduled for 17 November 2023"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "President-elect Mohamed MUIZZI (since 30 September 2023); Vice President-elect Hussain Mohamed LATHEEF (since 30 September 2023)"
"text": "President Mohamed MUIZZI ((sworn in 17 November 2023); Vice President-elect Hussain Mohamed LATHEEF (since 30 September 2023)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by Parliament"

2
south-asia/np.json
View file

@ -444,7 +444,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "94.33 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "36.43 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "9.11 megatons (2016 est.)"

2
south-asia/pk.json
View file

@ -468,7 +468,7 @@
},
"Air pollutants": {
"particulate matter emissions": {
"text": "55.21 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)"
"text": "50.13 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)"
},
"carbon dioxide emissions": {
"text": "201.15 megatons (2016 est.)"

8
world/xx.json
View file

@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
"text": "<strong>summary statement: </strong>aquifers are underground layers of water-bearing permeable rock formations; they include alluvial formations such as unconsolidated sand and gravel aquifers, sedimentary rock formations of sandstone and karst (carbonate rocks such as limestone) aquifers, as well as volcanic aquifers, and basement aquifers (igneous and metamorphic rocks that underlie sedimentary and volcanic rock sequences); groundwater from aquifers can be extracted using a water well; <em>The World Factbook</em> lists 37 major aquifers across 52 countries; of these, 13 are in Africa, 10 in Asia, 5 in North America, 3 in South America, 4 in Europe, and 2 in Australia; although aquifers can vary in size, the major aquifers listed in <em>The Factbook</em> contain the bulk of the stored volume of groundwater; the fresh water held in these aquifers represents more than 30% of the World's fresh water; in the US, groundwater is primarily used for irrigation and globally, 70% of groundwater withdrawn is used for agriculture; groundwater also supplies almost half of all drinking water worldwide"
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "six of the world's seven continents are widely and permanently inhabited; Asia is easily the most populous continent with about 60% of the world's population (China and India together account for over 35%); Africa comes in second with over 15% of the earth's populace, Europe has about 10%, North America 8%, South America almost 6%, and Oceania less than 1%; the harsh conditions on Antarctica prevent any permanent habitation"
"text": "six of the world's seven continents are widely and permanently inhabited; Asia is easily the most-populous continent with about 60% of the world's population (China and India together account for over 35%); Africa comes in second with over 15% of the earth's populace, Europe has about 10%, North America 8%, South America almost 6%, and Oceania less than 1%; the harsh conditions on Antarctica prevent any permanent habitation"
},
"Natural hazards": {
"text": "large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones); natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions)<br><br><strong>volcanism:</strong> volcanism is a fundamental driver and consequence of plate tectonics, the physical process reshaping the Earth's lithosphere; the World is home to more than 1,500 potentially active volcanoes, with over 500 of these having erupted in historical times; an estimated 500 million people live near these volcanoes; associated dangers include lava flows, lahars (mudflows), pyroclastic flows, ash clouds, ash fall, ballistic projectiles, gas emissions, landslides, earthquakes, and tsunamis; in the 1990s, the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, created a list of 16 Decade Volcanoes worthy of special study because of their great potential for destruction: Avachinsky-Koryaksky (Russia), Colima (Mexico), Etna (Italy), Galeras (Colombia), Mauna Loa (United States), Merapi (Indonesia), Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of the Congo), Rainier (United States), Sakurajima (Japan), Santa Maria (Guatemala), Santorini (Greece), Taal (Philippines), Teide (Spain), Ulawun (Papua New Guinea), Unzen (Japan), Vesuvius (Italy); see second note under \"Geography - note\"",
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> this rate results in about 108 worldwide deaths per minute or 1.8 deaths every second"
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "six of the world's seven continents are widely and permanently inhabited; Asia is easily the most populous continent with about 60% of the world's population (China and India together account for over 35%); Africa comes in second with over 15% of the earth's populace, Europe has about 10%, North America 8%, South America almost 6%, and Oceania less than 1%; the harsh conditions on Antarctica prevent any permanent habitation"
"text": "six of the world's seven continents are widely and permanently inhabited; Asia is easily the most-populous continent with about 60% of the world's population (China and India together account for over 35%); Africa comes in second with over 15% of the earth's populace, Europe has about 10%, North America 8%, South America almost 6%, and Oceania less than 1%; the harsh conditions on Antarctica prevent any permanent habitation"
},
"Urbanization": {
"urban population": {
@ -855,10 +855,10 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>stretching over some 280,000 km, the world's 325 international land boundaries separate 197 independent states and 68 dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, and other miscellaneous entities; ethnicity, culture, race, religion, and language have divided states into separate political entities as much as history, physical terrain, political fiat, or conquest, resulting in sometimes arbitrary and imposed boundaries; most maritime states have claimed limits that include territorial seas and exclusive economic zones; overlapping limits due to adjacent or opposite coasts create the potential for 430 bilateral maritime boundaries of which 209 have agreements that include contiguous and non-contiguous segments; boundary, borderland/resource, and territorial disputes vary in intensity from managed or dormant to violent or militarized; undemarcated, indefinite, porous, and unmanaged boundaries tend to encourage illegal cross-border activities, uncontrolled migration, and confrontation; territorial disputes may evolve from historical and/or cultural claims, or they may be brought on by resource competition; ethnic and cultural clashes continue to be responsible for much of the territorial fragmentation and internal displacement of the estimated 45.7 million people and cross-border displacements of approximately 31.7 million refugees and asylum seekers around the world as of yearend 2021; approximately 429,300 refugees were repatriated during 2021; other sources of contention include access to water and mineral (especially hydrocarbon) resources, fisheries, and arable land; armed conflict prevails not so much between the uniformed armed forces of independent states as between stateless armed entities that detract from the sustenance and welfare of local populations, leaving the community of nations to cope with resultant refugees, hunger, disease, impoverishment, and environmental degradation</p>"
"text": "<p>stretching over some 280,000 km, the world's 325 international land boundaries separate 197 independent states and 68 dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, and other miscellaneous entities; ethnicity, culture, race, religion, and language have divided states into separate political entities as much as history, physical terrain, political fiat, or conquest, resulting in sometimes arbitrary and imposed boundaries; most maritime states have claimed limits that include territorial seas and exclusive economic zones; overlapping limits due to adjacent or opposite coasts create the potential for 430 bilateral maritime boundaries of which 209 have agreements that include contiguous and non-contiguous segments; boundary, borderland/resource, and territorial disputes vary in intensity from managed or dormant to violent or militarized; undemarcated, indefinite, porous, and unmanaged boundaries tend to encourage illegal cross-border activities, uncontrolled migration, and confrontation; territorial disputes may evolve from historical and/or cultural claims, or they may be brought on by resource competition; ethnic and cultural clashes continue to be responsible for much of the territorial fragmentation and internal displacement of the estimated 62.5 million people and cross-border displacements of approximately 42.5 million refugees and asylum seekers around the world as of mid-year 2023; approximately 404,000 refugees were repatriated during the first half of 2023; other sources of contention include access to water and mineral (especially hydrocarbon) resources, fisheries, and arable land; armed conflict prevails not so much between the uniformed armed forces of independent states as between stateless armed entities that detract from the sustenance and welfare of local populations, leaving the community of nations to cope with resultant refugees, hunger, disease, impoverishment, and environmental degradation</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"text": "<p>the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) estimated that as of mid-year 2023 there were 110 million people forcibly displaced worldwide; this includes 62.5 million IDPs, 36.4 million refugees, 6.1 million asylum seekers, 5.3 million others in need of international protection; the UNHCR estimates there are currently more than 4.4 million stateless persons as of year-end 2022 (the true estimate is estimated to be significantly higher)</p>"
"text": "<p>the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) estimated that as of mid-year 2023 there were 110 million people forcibly displaced worldwide; this includes 62.5 million IDPs, 36.4 million refugees, 6.1 million asylum seekers, 5.3 million others in need of international protection; the UNHCR estimates there are currently more than 4.4 million stateless persons as of year-end 2022 (the true number is estimated to be significantly higher)</p>"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"tier rating": {