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africa/ly.json
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@ -23,7 +23,8 @@
},
"water": {
"text": "0 sq km"
}
},
"country comparison to the world": 18
},
"Area - comparative": {
"text": "about 2.5 times the size of Texas; slightly larger than Alaska"
@ -46,9 +47,7 @@
"exclusive fishing zone": {
"text": "62 nm"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north"
}
"note": "note: Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north"
},
"Climate": {
"text": "Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior"
@ -111,9 +110,8 @@
"People and Society": {
"Population": {
"text": "6,890,535 (July 2020 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "note: immigrants make up just over 12% of the total population, according to UN data (2017)"
}
"note": "note: immigrants make up just over 12% of the total population, according to UN data (2017)",
"country comparison to the world": 107
},
"Nationality": {
"noun": {
@ -131,9 +129,7 @@
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Muslim (official; virtually all Sunni) 96.6%, Christian 2.7%, Buddhist 0.3%, Hindu <0.1, Jewish <0.1, folk religion <0.1, unafilliated 0.2%, other <0.1 (2010 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "note: non-Sunni Muslims include native Ibadhi Muslims (<1% of the population) and foreign Muslims"
}
"note": "note: non-Sunni Muslims include native Ibadhi Muslims (<1% of the population) and foreign Muslims"
},
"Demographic profile": {
"text": "Despite continuing unrest, Libya remains a destination country for economic migrants. It is also a hub for transit migration to Europe because of its proximity to southern Europe and its lax border controls. Labor migrants have been drawn to Libya since the development of its oil sector in the 1960s. Until the latter part of the 1990s, most migrants to Libya were Arab (primarily Egyptians and Sudanese). However, international isolation stemming from Libya's involvement in international terrorism and a perceived lack of support from Arab countries led QADHAFI in 1998 to adopt a decade-long pan-African policy that enabled large numbers of Sub-Saharan migrants to enter Libya without visas to work in the construction and agricultural industries. Although Sub-Saharan Africans provided a cheap labor source, they were poorly treated and were subjected to periodic mass expulsions. ++ By the mid-2000s, domestic animosity toward African migrants and a desire to reintegrate into the international community motivated QADHAFI to impose entry visas on Arab and African immigrants and to agree to joint maritime patrols and migrant repatriations with Italy, the main recipient of illegal migrants departing Libya. As his regime neared collapse in 2011, QADHAFI reversed his policy of cooperating with Italy to curb illegal migration and sent boats loaded with migrants and asylum seekers to strain European resources. Libya's 2011 revolution decreased immigration drastically and prompted nearly 800,000 migrants to flee to third countries, mainly Tunisia and Egypt, or to their countries of origin. The inflow of migrants declined in 2012 but returned to normal levels by 2013, despite continued hostility toward Sub-Saharan Africans and a less-inviting job market. ++ While Libya is not an appealing destination for migrants, since 2014, transiting migrants – primarily from East and West Africa – continue to exploit its political instability and weak border controls and use it as a primary departure area to migrate across the central Mediterranean to Europe in growing numbers. In addition, more than 200,000 people were displaced internally as of August 2017 by fighting between armed groups in eastern and western Libya and, to a lesser extent, by inter-tribal clashes in the country's south."
@ -178,19 +174,24 @@
},
"female": {
"text": "25.7 years (2020 est.)"
}
},
"country comparison to the world": 156
},
"Population growth rate": {
"text": "1.94% (2020 est.)"
"text": "1.94% (2020 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 50
},
"Birth rate": {
"text": "23 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)"
"text": "23 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 59
},
"Death rate": {
"text": "3.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)"
"text": "3.5 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 219
},
"Net migration rate": {
"text": "-0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)"
"text": "-0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 132
},
"Population distribution": {
"text": "well over 90% of the population lives along the Mediterranean coast in and between Tripoli to the west and Al Bayda to the east; the interior remains vastly underpopulated due to the Sahara and lack of surface water as shown in this population distribution map"
@ -230,7 +231,8 @@
}
},
"Maternal mortality rate": {
"text": "72 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)"
"text": "72 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 81
},
"Infant mortality rate": {
"total": {
@ -241,7 +243,8 @@
},
"female": {
"text": "10 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)"
}
},
"country comparison to the world": 113
},
"Life expectancy at birth": {
"total population": {
@ -252,10 +255,12 @@
},
"female": {
"text": "79.1 years (2020 est.)"
}
},
"country comparison to the world": 90
},
"Total fertility rate": {
"text": "3.17 children born/woman (2020 est.)"
"text": "3.17 children born/woman (2020 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 48
},
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "27.7% (2014)"
@ -283,19 +288,23 @@
}
},
"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "0.2% (2019)"
"text": "0.2% (2019)",
"country comparison to the world": 103
},
"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS": {
"text": "9,500 (2019)"
"text": "9,500 (2019)",
"country comparison to the world": 106
},
"HIV/AIDS - deaths": {
"text": "<500 (2019)"
},
"Obesity - adult prevalence rate": {
"text": "32.5% (2016)"
"text": "32.5% (2016)",
"country comparison to the world": 16
},
"Children under the age of 5 years underweight": {
"text": "11.7% (2014)"
"text": "11.7% (2014)",
"country comparison to the world": 56
},
"Education expenditures": {
"text": "NA"
@ -323,7 +332,8 @@
},
"female": {
"text": "67.8% (2012 est.)"
}
},
"country comparison to the world": 4
}
},
"Government": {
@ -357,9 +367,7 @@
"time difference": {
"text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"note": {
"text": "etymology: originally founded by the Phoenicians as Oea in the 7th century B.C., the city changed rulers many times over the successive centuries; by the beginning of the 3rd century A.D. the region around the city was referred to as Regio Tripolitana by the Romans, meaning \"region of the three cities\" - namely Oea (i.e., modern Tripoli), Sabratha (to the west), and Leptis Magna (to the east); over time, the shortened name of \"Tripoli\" came to refer to just Oea, which derives from the Greek words \"tria\" and \"polis\" meaning \"three cities\""
}
"note": "etymology: originally founded by the Phoenicians as Oea in the 7th century B.C., the city changed rulers many times over the successive centuries; by the beginning of the 3rd century A.D. the region around the city was referred to as Regio Tripolitana by the Romans, meaning \"region of the three cities\" - namely Oea (i.e., modern Tripoli), Sabratha (to the west), and Leptis Magna (to the east); over time, the shortened name of \"Tripoli\" came to refer to just Oea, which derives from the Greek words \"tria\" and \"polis\" meaning \"three cities\""
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "22 governorates (muhafazah, singular - muhafazat); Al Butnan, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jabal al Gharbi, Al Jafarah, Al Jufrah, Al Kufrah, Al Marj, Al Marqab, Al Wahat, An Nuqat al Khams, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi (Benghazi), Darnah, Ghat, Misratah, Murzuq, Nalut, Sabha, Surt, Tarabulus (Tripoli), Wadi al Hayat, Wadi ash Shati"
@ -462,9 +470,7 @@
"mailing address": {
"text": "US Embassy, 8850 Tripoli Place, Washington, DC 20521-8850"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the US Embassy in Tripoli closed in July 2014 due to fighting near the embassy related to Libyan civil unrest; embassy staff and operations temporarily first relocated to Valetta, Malta and currently are temporarily relocated to Tunis, Tunisia"
}
"note": "note: the US Embassy in Tripoli closed in July 2014 due to fighting near the embassy related to Libyan civil unrest; embassy staff and operations temporarily first relocated to Valetta, Malta and currently are temporarily relocated to Tunis, Tunisia"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "three horizontal bands of red (top), black (double width), and green with a white crescent and star centered on the black stripe; the National Transitional Council reintroduced this flag design of the former Kingdom of Libya (1951-1969) on 27 February 2011; it replaced the former all-green banner promulgated by the QADHAFI regime in 1977; the colors represent the three major regions of the country: red stands for Fezzan, black symbolizes Cyrenaica, and green denotes Tripolitania; the crescent and star represent Islam, the main religion of the country"
@ -479,9 +485,7 @@
"lyrics/music": {
"text": "Al Bashir AL AREBI/Mohamad Abdel WAHAB"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: also known as \"Ya Beladi\" or \"Oh, My Country!\"; adopted 1951; readopted 2011 with some modification to the lyrics; during the QADHAFI years between 1969 and 2011, the anthem was \"Allahu Akbar,\" (God is Great) a marching song of the Egyptian Army in the 1956 Suez War"
}
"note": "note: also known as \"Ya Beladi\" or \"Oh, My Country!\"; adopted 1951; readopted 2011 with some modification to the lyrics; during the QADHAFI years between 1969 and 2011, the anthem was \"Allahu Akbar,\" (God is Great) a marching song of the Egyptian Army in the 1956 Suez War"
}
},
"Economy": {
@ -490,24 +494,24 @@
},
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"text": "$61.97 billion (2017 est.) / $37.78 billion (2016 est.) / $40.8 billion (2015 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "note: data are in 2017 dollars"
}
"note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars",
"country comparison to the world": 106
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$30.57 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "64% (2017 est.) / -7.4% (2016 est.) / -13% (2015 est.)"
"text": "64% (2017 est.) / -7.4% (2016 est.) / -13% (2015 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 1
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$9,600 (2017 est.) / $5,900 (2016 est.) / $6,500 (2015 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "note: data are in 2017 dollars"
}
"note": "note: data are in 2017 dollars",
"country comparison to the world": 141
},
"Gross national saving": {
"text": "5% of GDP (2017 est.) / -9% of GDP (2016 est.) / -25.1% of GDP (2015 est.)"
"text": "5% of GDP (2017 est.) / -9% of GDP (2016 est.) / -25.1% of GDP (2015 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 177
},
"GDP - composition, by end use": {
"household consumption": {
@ -547,10 +551,12 @@
"text": "petroleum, petrochemicals, aluminum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "60.3% (2017 est.)"
"text": "60.3% (2017 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 1
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "1.114 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.114 million (2017 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 137
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -564,12 +570,11 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "30% (2004 est.)"
"text": "30% (2004 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 206
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"note": {
"text": "note: about one-third of Libyans live at or below the national poverty line"
}
"note": "note: about one-third of Libyans live at or below the national poverty line"
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
@ -588,25 +593,31 @@
}
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "51.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
"text": "51.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 14
},
"Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": {
"text": "-25.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
"text": "-25.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 219
},
"Public debt": {
"text": "4.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 7.5% of GDP (2016 est.)"
"text": "4.7% of GDP (2017 est.) / 7.5% of GDP (2016 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 205
},
"Fiscal year": {
"text": "calendar year"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"text": "28.5% (2017 est.) / 25.9% (2016 est.)"
"text": "28.5% (2017 est.) / 25.9% (2016 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 221
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$2.574 billion (2017 est.) / -$4.575 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "$2.574 billion (2017 est.) / -$4.575 billion (2016 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 36
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$18.38 billion (2017 est.) / $11.99 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "$18.38 billion (2017 est.) / $11.99 billion (2016 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 71
},
"Exports - partners": {
"text": "Italy 19%, Spain 12.5%, France 11%, Egypt 8.6%, Germany 8.6%, China 8.3%, US 4.9%, UK 4.6%, Netherlands 4.5% (2017)"
@ -615,7 +626,8 @@
"text": "crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas, chemicals"
},
"Imports": {
"text": "$11.36 billion (2017 est.) / $8.667 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "$11.36 billion (2017 est.) / $8.667 billion (2016 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 94
},
"Imports - commodities": {
"text": "machinery, semi-finished goods, food, transport equipment, consumer products"
@ -624,10 +636,12 @@
"text": "China 13.5%, Turkey 11.3%, Italy 6.9%, South Korea 5.9%, Spain 4.8% (2017)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"text": "$74.71 billion (31 December 2017 est.) / $66.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
"text": "$74.71 billion (31 December 2017 est.) / $66.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 31
},
"Debt - external": {
"text": "$3.02 billion (31 December 2017 est.) / $3.116 billion (31 December 2016 est.)"
"text": "$3.02 billion (31 December 2017 est.) / $3.116 billion (31 December 2016 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 143
},
"Exchange rates": {
"text": "Libyan dinars (LYD) per US dollar - / 1.413 (2017 est.) / 1.3904 (2016 est.) / 1.3904 (2015 est.) / 1.379 (2014 est.) / 1.2724 (2013 est.)"
@ -647,78 +661,97 @@
},
"Electricity - production": {
"text": "34.24 billion kWh (2016 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "note: persistent electricity shortages have contributed to the ongoing instability throughout the country"
}
"note": "note: persistent electricity shortages have contributed to the ongoing instability throughout the country",
"country comparison to the world": 61
},
"Electricity - consumption": {
"text": "27.3 billion kWh (2016 est.)"
"text": "27.3 billion kWh (2016 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 65
},
"Electricity - exports": {
"text": "0 kWh (2015 est.)"
"text": "0 kWh (2015 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 160
},
"Electricity - imports": {
"text": "376 million kWh (2016 est.)"
"text": "376 million kWh (2016 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 83
},
"Electricity - installed generating capacity": {
"text": "9.46 million kW (2016 est.)"
"text": "9.46 million kW (2016 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 62
},
"Electricity - from fossil fuels": {
"text": "100% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)"
"text": "100% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 11
},
"Electricity - from nuclear fuels": {
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)"
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 129
},
"Electricity - from hydroelectric plants": {
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)"
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 183
},
"Electricity - from other renewable sources": {
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)"
"text": "0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 199
},
"Crude oil - production": {
"text": "1.039 million bbl/day (2018 est.)"
"text": "1.039 million bbl/day (2018 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 19
},
"Crude oil - exports": {
"text": "337,800 bbl/day (2015 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "note: Libyan crude oil export values are highly volatile because of continuing protests and other disruptions across the country"
}
"note": "note: Libyan crude oil export values are highly volatile because of continuing protests and other disruptions across the country",
"country comparison to the world": 23
},
"Crude oil - imports": {
"text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
"text": "0 bbl/day (2015 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 154
},
"Crude oil - proved reserves": {
"text": "48.36 billion bbl (1 January 2018 est.)"
"text": "48.36 billion bbl (1 January 2018 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 9
},
"Refined petroleum products - production": {
"text": "89,620 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
"text": "89,620 bbl/day (2015 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 69
},
"Refined petroleum products - consumption": {
"text": "260,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)"
"text": "260,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 49
},
"Refined petroleum products - exports": {
"text": "16,880 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
"text": "16,880 bbl/day (2015 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 71
},
"Refined petroleum products - imports": {
"text": "168,200 bbl/day (2015 est.)"
"text": "168,200 bbl/day (2015 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 36
},
"Natural gas - production": {
"text": "9.089 billion cu m (2017 est.)"
"text": "9.089 billion cu m (2017 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 43
},
"Natural gas - consumption": {
"text": "4.446 billion cu m (2017 est.)"
"text": "4.446 billion cu m (2017 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 64
},
"Natural gas - exports": {
"text": "4.644 billion cu m (2017 est.)"
"text": "4.644 billion cu m (2017 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 31
},
"Natural gas - imports": {
"text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)"
"text": "0 cu m (2017 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 150
},
"Natural gas - proved reserves": {
"text": "1.505 trillion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)"
"text": "1.505 trillion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 21
},
"Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy": {
"text": "46.48 million Mt (2017 est.)"
"text": "46.48 million Mt (2017 est.)",
"country comparison to the world": 62
}
},
"Communications": {
@ -728,7 +761,8 @@
},
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
"text": "23.95 (2019 est.)"
}
},
"country comparison to the world": 62
},
"Telephones - mobile cellular": {
"total subscriptions": {
@ -736,7 +770,8 @@
},
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
"text": "91.48 (2019 est.)"
}
},
"country comparison to the world": 111
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
@ -748,9 +783,7 @@
"international": {
"text": "country code - 218; landing points for LFON, EIG, Italy-Libya, Silphium and Tobrok-Emasaed submarine cable system connecting Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, Arabsat, and Intersputnik; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
}
"note": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "state-funded and private TV stations; some provinces operate local TV stations; pan-Arab satellite TV stations are available; state-funded radio (2019)"
@ -764,7 +797,8 @@
},
"percent of population": {
"text": "21.76% (July 2018 est.)"
}
},
"country comparison to the world": 131
},
"Broadband - fixed subscriptions": {
"total": {
@ -772,7 +806,8 @@
},
"subscriptions per 100 inhabitants": {
"text": "3 (2017 est.)"
}
},
"country comparison to the world": 113
}
},
"Transportation": {
@ -791,7 +826,8 @@
"text": "5A (2016)"
},
"Airports": {
"text": "146 (2013)"
"text": "146 (2013)",
"country comparison to the world": 39
},
"Airports - with paved runways": {
"total": {
@ -848,7 +884,8 @@
},
"unpaved": {
"text": "3,000 km (2010)"
}
},
"country comparison to the world": 92
},
"Merchant marine": {
"total": {
@ -856,7 +893,8 @@
},
"by type": {
"text": "general cargo 2, oil tanker 12, other 80 (2019)"
}
},
"country comparison to the world": 94
},
"Ports and terminals": {
"major seaport(s)": {
@ -884,9 +922,7 @@
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Ansar al-Sharia groups; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham – Libya; al-Mulathamun Battalion (al-Mourabitoun); al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb (2019)",
"note": {
"text": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
"note": "note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {