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africa/ag.json
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{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Algeria has known many empires and dynasties starting with the ancient Numidians (3rd century B.C.), Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, over a dozen different Arab and Berber dynasties, Spaniards, and Ottoman Turks. It was under the latter that the Barbary pirates operated from North Africa and preyed on shipping beginning in roughly 1500, peaking in the early to mid-17th century, until finally subdued by the French capture of Algiers in 1830. The French southward conquest of the entirety of Algeria proceeded throughout the 19th century and was marked by many atrocities. The country was heavily colonized by the French in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A bloody eight-year struggle culminated in Algerian independence in 1962. <br><br>Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has since largely dominated politics, though it is falling out of favor with the youth. The Government of Algeria in 1988 instituted a multi-party system in response to public unrest, but the surprising first round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December 1991 legislative election led the Algerian military to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. Fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense violence from 1992-98, resulting in over 100,000 deaths – many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. The government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s, and FIS’s armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. FIS membership is illegal.</p> <p>Former president Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, with the backing of the military, won the presidency in 1999 in an election that was boycotted by several candidates protesting alleged fraud, and won subsequent elections in 2004, 2009, and 2014. Protests broke out across the country in late February 2019 against President BOUTEFLIKA’s decision to seek a fifth term. BOUTEFLIKA resigned in April 2019, and in December 2019, Algerians elected former Prime Minister Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE as the country's new president. A longtime FLN member, TEBBOUNE ran for president as an independent. In 2020, Algeria held a constitutional referendum, which President TEBBOUNE enacted in January 2021. Subsequent reforms to the national electoral law introduced open list voting to curb corruption. The new law also eliminated gender quotas in Parliament, and the June 2021 legislative elections saw female representation plummet. Local elections took place in November 2021. The referendum, parliamentary elections, and local elections saw record low voter turnout. Since 2014, Algeria’s reliance on hydrocarbon export revenues to fund the government and finance the large subsidies for the population has fallen under stress because of volatile energy prices and increased domestic consumption of energy products.</p>"
"text": "<p>Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including the ancient Numidians (3rd century B.C.), Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, over a dozen different Arab and Amazigh dynasties, Spaniards, and Ottoman Turks. It was under the last of these that Barbary pirates operated from North Africa and preyed on shipping beginning in roughly 1500, peaking in the early to mid-17th century, until finally subdued by the French capture of Algiers in 1830. The French southward conquest of the entirety of Algeria proceeded throughout the 19th century and was marked by many atrocities. The country was heavily colonized by the French in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A bloody eight-year struggle culminated in Algerian independence in 1962. <br><br>Algeria's historically predominant political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has since played a large role in politics, though it is falling out of favor with the youth and current President Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE. The Government of Algeria in 1988 instituted a multi-party system in response to public unrest, but the surprising first-round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December 1991 legislative election led the Algerian military to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred factions of FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. Fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense violence from 1992-98, resulting in over 100,000 deaths – many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. The government gained the upper hand by the late 1990s, and FIS’s armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. FIS membership is illegal.</p> <p>Former president Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, with the backing of the military, won the presidency in 1999 in an election that was boycotted by several candidates protesting alleged fraud.  He won subsequent elections in 2004, 2009, and 2014. Widespread protests broke out across the country in late February 2019 against his decision to seek a fifth term. BOUTEFLIKA resigned in April 2019, and in December 2019, Algerians elected former Prime Minister Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE as the country’s new president. A longtime FLN member, TEBBOUNE ran for president as an independent. In 2020, Algeria held a constitutional referendum, which President TEBBOUNE enacted in January 2021. Subsequent reforms to the national electoral law introduced open list voting to curb corruption. The new law also eliminated gender quotas in Parliament, and the June 2021 legislative elections saw female representation plummet. Local elections took place in November 2021. The referendum, parliamentary elections, and local elections saw record low voter turnout. </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -579,7 +579,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Mohammed HANECHE (since 12 December 2022)"
"text": "Ambassador Sabri BOUKADOUM (since 27 February 2024)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008"

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},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Jean Bosco BAREGE (since 11 January 2024); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Genevi&egrave;ve NIZIGIYIMANA (since 3 October 2023)&nbsp;&nbsp;"
"text": "Ambassador Jean Bosco BAREGE (since 27 February 2024)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007"

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"text": "Portuguese (official), Crioulo (a Portuguese-based Creole language with two main dialects spoken in Cabo Verde and in the Cabo Verdean diaspora worldwide)"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Roman Catholic 72.%, Protestant 4% (includes Adventist 1.9%, Nazarene 1.8%, Assembly of God 0.2%, God is Love 0.1%), Christian Rationalism 1.7%, Muslim 1.3%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, Church of Jesus Christ 1%, other Christian 1.3%, other 1.2%, none 15.6%, no response 0.4% (2021 est.)"
"text": "Roman Catholic 72.5%, Protestant 4% (includes Adventist 1.9%, Nazarene 1.8%, Assembly of God 0.2%, God is Love 0.1%), Christian Rationalism 1.7%, Muslim 1.3%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, Church of Jesus Christ 1%, other Christian 1.3%, other 1.2%, none 15.6%, no response 0.4% (2021 est.)"
},
"Demographic profile": {
"text": "<p>Cabo Verde’s population descends from its first permanent inhabitants in the late 15th-century – a preponderance of West African slaves, a small share of Portuguese colonists, and even fewer Italians, Spaniards, and Portuguese Jews. Over the centuries, the country’s overall population size has fluctuated significantly, as recurring periods of famine and epidemics have caused high death tolls and emigration.</p><p>Labor migration historically reduced Cabo Verde’s population growth and still provides a key source of income through remittances. Expatriates probably outnumber Cabo Verde’s resident population, with most families having a member abroad. Cabo Verdeans have settled in the US, Europe, Africa, and South America. The largest diaspora community in New Bedford, Massachusetts, dating to the early 1800s, is a byproduct of the transatlantic whaling industry. Cabo Verdean men fleeing poverty at home joined the crews of US whaling ships that stopped in the islands. Many settled in New Bedford and stayed in the whaling or shipping trade, worked in the textile or cranberry industries, or operated their own transatlantic packet ships that transported compatriots to the US. Increased Cabo Verdean emigration to the US coincided with the gradual and eventually complete abolition of slavery in the archipelago in 1878.</p><p>During the same period, Portuguese authorities coerced Cabo Verdeans to go to Sao Tome and Principe and other Portuguese colonies in Africa to work as indentured laborers on plantations. In the 1920s, when the US implemented immigration quotas, Cabo Verdean emigration shifted toward Portugal, West Africa (Senegal), and South America (Argentina). Growing numbers of Cabo Verdean labor migrants headed to Western Europe in the 1960s and 1970s. They filled unskilled jobs in Portugal, as many Portuguese sought out work opportunities in the more prosperous economies of northwest Europe. Cabo Verdeans eventually expanded their emigration to the Netherlands, where they worked in the shipping industry. Migration to the US resumed under relaxed migration laws. Cabo Verdean women also began migrating to southern Europe to become domestic workers, a trend that continues today and has shifted the gender balance of Cabo Verdean emigration.</p><p>Emigration has declined in more recent decades due to the adoption of more restrictive migration policies in destination countries. Reduced emigration along with a large youth population, decreased mortality rates, and increased life expectancies, has boosted population growth, putting further pressure on domestic employment and resources. In addition, Cabo Verde has attracted increasing numbers of migrants in recent decades, consisting primarily of people from West Africa, Portuguese-speaking African countries, Portugal, and China. Since the 1990s, some West African migrants have used Cabo Verde as a stepping stone for illegal migration to Europe.</p>"

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},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Dr. Crisantos OBAMA ONDO (since 19 October 2023"
"text": "Ambassador Dr. Crisantos Obama ONDO (since 27 February 2024)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2020 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009"

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"text": "approximately 5-8,000 in Somalia (up to 4,000 for ATMIS; the remainder under a bilateral agreement with the Somali Government; note - foreign troop contingents in Somalia under ATMIS are drawing down towards a final withdrawal in December 2024); 1,450 South Sudan (UNMISS) (2023)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the ENDF has traditionally been one of sub-Saharan Africa’s largest, most experienced, and best equipped militaries, but it suffered heavy casualties and equipment losses during the 2020-2022 Tigray conflict; the Ground Forces are estimated to have more than 20 infantry divisions, including several that are mechanized, along with at least one division of commandos/special forces; the Air Force has combat squadrons of multipurpose fighter aircraft, attack helicopters, and armed unmanned aerial vehicles; ENDF operations are often supported by sizeable regional state paramilitary units <br><br>the ENDF is focused on both external threats emanating from its neighbors and internal threats from multiple internal armed groups; since 1998, the ENDF has engaged in several conventional and counterinsurgency operations, including border wars with Eritrea (1998-2000) and Somalia (2006-2008) and internal conflicts with the Tigray regional state (2020-2022), several insurgent groups and ethnic militias (including the ethnonationalist Amhara Fano), and the al-Shabaab terrorist group (see Appendix T); as of late 2023, the ENDF was conducting counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several states, including in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA), an insurgent group that claims to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; in 2022, militants from the Somalia-based al-Shabaab terrorist group launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) regional state, attacking villages and security forces; the Ethiopian Government claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of al-Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalia’s Gedo region to prevent further incursions (2023)"
"text": "the ENDF has traditionally been one of sub-Saharan Africa’s largest, most experienced, and best equipped militaries, but it suffered heavy casualties and equipment losses during the 2020-2022 Tigray conflict; the Ground Forces are estimated to have more than 20 infantry divisions, including several that are mechanized, along with at least one division of commandos/special forces; the Air Force has combat squadrons of multipurpose fighter aircraft, attack helicopters, and armed unmanned aerial vehicles; ENDF operations are often supported by sizeable regional state paramilitary units <br><br>the ENDF is focused on both external threats emanating from its neighbors and internal threats from multiple internal armed groups; since 1998, the ENDF has engaged in several conventional and counterinsurgency operations, including border wars with Eritrea (1998-2000) and Somalia (2006-2008) and internal conflicts with the Tigray regional state (2020-2022), several insurgent groups and ethnic militias (including the ethnonationalist Amhara Fano), and the al-Shabaab terrorist group (see Appendix T); as of 2024, the ENDF was conducting counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several states, including in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA), an insurgent group that claims to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; in 2022, militants from the Somalia-based al-Shabaab terrorist group launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) regional state, attacking villages and security forces; the Ethiopian Government claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of al-Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalia’s Gedo region to prevent further incursions (2023)"
}
},
"Space": {

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}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "20.7 years (2014 est.)",
"text": "22.1 years (2022 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {

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"text": "President Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA (since 1 October 2021); note - on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup in which President CONDE was arrested and detained, the constitution suspended, and the government and People's National Assembly dissolved; on 1 October 2021, DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transitional president"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Bernard GOUMOU (since 20 August 2022); note - GOUMOU had been acting prime minister since 16 July 2022, replacing Mohamed BEAVOGUI who stepped down due to health reasons; on 19 February 2024 Guinea's military leaders dissolved the government of Prime Minister Bernard GOUMOU; on 27 February 2024 Guinea's military leaders appointed Mamadou Oury BAH as prime minister"
"text": "Prime Minister Mamadou Oury BAH (since 29 February 2024); note - on 19 February 2024, Guinea's military leaders dissolved the government of Prime Minister Bernard GOUMOU; on 27 February 2024, Guinea's military leaders appointed Mamadou Oury BAH as prime minister"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "formerly the Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - on 5 September 2021, the military arrested and detained the president, suspended the constitution, and dissolved the government and legislature"

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},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Lalla JOUMALA Alaoui (since 24 April 2017)"
"text": "Ambassador Youssef AMRANI (since 27 February 2024)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "3508 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008"

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},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Hassane IDI (since 19 October 2023)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Hassane IDI (since 3 August 2023)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008"

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{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>In ancient and pre-colonial times, the area of present-day Nigeria was occupied by a great diversity of ethnic groups with different languages and traditions. These included large Islamic kingdoms such as Borno, Kano, and the Sokoto Caliphate dominating the north, the Benin and Oyo Empires that controlled much of modern western Nigeria, and more decentralized political entities and city states in the south and southeast. In 1914, the British amalgamated their separately administered northern and southern territories into a Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. Nigeria achieved independence in 1960 and transitioned to a federal republic with three constituent states in 1963 under President Nnamdi AZIKIWE. This structure served to enflame regional and ethnic tension, contributing to a bloody coup led by predominately southeastern military officers in 1966 and a countercoup later that year masterminded by northern officers. In the aftermath of this tension, the governor of Nigeria’s Eastern Region, centered on the southeast, declared the region independent as the Republic of Biafra. The ensuring civil war (1967-1970), resulted in more than a million deaths, many from starvation. While the war forged a stronger Nigerian state and national identity, it contributed to long-lasting mistrust of the southeast’s predominantly Igbo population. Wartime military leader Yakubu GOWON ruled until a bloodless coup by frustrated junior officers in 1975. This generation of officers, including Olusegun OBASANJO, Ibrahim BABANGIDA, and Muhammadu BUHARI, continue to exert significant influence in Nigeria to the present day. Military rule predominated until the first durable transition to civilian government in 1999. The general elections of 2007 marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country's history. National and state elections in 2011 and 2015 were generally regarded as credible. The 2015 election was also heralded for the fact that the then-umbrella opposition party, the All Progressives Congress, defeated the long-ruling (since 1999) People's Democratic Party, and assumed the presidency, marking the first peaceful transfer of power from one party to another. Presidential and legislative elections in 2019 and 2023 were deemed broadly free and fair despite voting irregularities, intimidation, and violence. The government continues to face the daunting task of institutionalizing democracy and reforming a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through decades of corruption and mismanagement. In addition, Nigeria faces increasing violence from Islamic terrorism, largely in the northeast, large scale criminal banditry focused in the northwest, secessionist violence in the southeast, and competition over land and resources nationwide.</p>"
"text": "<p>In ancient and pre-colonial times, the area of present-day Nigeria was occupied by a great diversity of ethnic groups with different languages and traditions. These included large Islamic kingdoms such as Borno, Kano, and the Sokoto Caliphate dominating the north, the Benin and Oyo Empires that controlled much of modern western Nigeria, and more decentralized political entities and city states in the south and southeast. In 1914, the British amalgamated their separately administered northern and southern territories into a Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. Nigeria achieved independence in from Britain in 1960 and transitioned to a federal republic with three constituent states in 1963 under President Nnamdi AZIKIWE. This structure served to enflame regional and ethnic tension, contributing to a bloody coup led by predominately southeastern military officers in 1966 and a countercoup later that year masterminded by northern officers. In the aftermath of this tension, the governor of Nigeria’s Eastern Region, centered on the southeast, declared the region independent as the Republic of Biafra. The ensuring civil war (1967-1970), resulted in more than a million deaths, many from starvation. While the war forged a stronger Nigerian state and national identity, it contributed to long-lasting mistrust of the southeast’s predominantly Igbo population. Wartime military leader Yakubu GOWON ruled until a bloodless coup by frustrated junior officers in 1975. This generation of officers, including Olusegun OBASANJO, Ibrahim BABANGIDA, and Muhammadu BUHARI, who would all later serve as president, continue to exert significant influence in Nigeria to the present day. Military rule predominated until the first durable transition to civilian government and adoption of a new constitution in 1999. The general elections of 2007 marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country's history. National and state elections in 2011 and 2015 were generally regarded as credible. The 2015 election was also heralded for the fact that the then-umbrella opposition party, the All Progressives Congress, defeated the long-ruling (since 1999) People's Democratic Party, and assumed the presidency, marking the first peaceful transfer of power from one party to another. Presidential and legislative elections in 2019 and 2023 were deemed broadly free and fair despite voting irregularities, intimidation, and violence. The government of Africa's most populous nation continues to face the daunting task of institutionalizing democracy and reforming a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through decades of corruption and mismanagement. In addition, Nigeria faces increasing violence from Islamic terrorism, largely in the northeast, large scale criminal banditry, secessionist violence in the southeast, and competition over land and resources nationwide.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -589,7 +589,7 @@
"text": "<br>Senate - last held on 25 February 2023 (next to be held on 25 February 2027)<br>House of Representatives - last held on 25 February 2023 (next to be held on 25 February 2027) <p> </p>"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><em><br></em></em>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 59, PDP 36, LP 8, NNPP 2, SDP 2, YPP 1, APGA 1; composition - men 106, women 3, percent of women 2.75%<em><em><br><br></em></em>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 178, PDP 114, LP 35, NNPP 19, APGA 5, other 7, vacant 2; composition - men 344, women 14, percent of women 3.8%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 3.6% <p> </p>"
"text": "<em><em><br></em></em>Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 59, PDP 36, LP 8, NNPP 2, SDP 2, YPP 1, APGA 1; composition - men 106, women 3, percent of women 2.8%<em><em><br><br></em></em>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 178, PDP 114, LP 35, NNPP 19, APGA 5, other 7, vacant 2; composition - men 344, women 14, percent of women 3.8%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 3.6% <p> </p>"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -604,14 +604,14 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Accord Party or ACC [Mohammad Lawal MALADO]<br>Africa Democratic Congress or ADC [Ralph Okey NWOSU] <br>All Progressives Congress or APC [<u>Abdullahi ADAMU</u>]<br>All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor Ike OYE]<br>Labor Party or LP [Julius ABURE]<br>Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Iyourchia AYU]<br>Young Progressive Party or YPP [Bishop AMAKIRI]"
"text": "Accord Party or ACC [Christopher IMUMOLEN]<br>Africa Democratic Congress or ADC [Dumebi KACHIKWU] <br>All Progressives Congress or APC [Bola Ahmed TINUBU]<br>All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Peter UMEADI]<br>Labor Party or LP [Peter OBI] <br>New Nigeria People’s Party or NNPP [Rabiu KWANKWASO]<br>Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Atiku ABUBAKAR]<br>Young Progressive Party or YPP [Prince Malik ADO-IBRAHIM]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, CD, D-8, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MINURSO, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Uzoma Elizabeth EMENIKE (since 7 July 2021)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Mobolaji Sakirat OGUNDERO (since 1 November 2023)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008"
@ -631,7 +631,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires David GREENE (since 31 March 2023)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires ad interim&nbsp;David GREENE (since 31 March 2023)"
},
"embassy": {
"text": "Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abuja"
@ -1215,8 +1215,8 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Armed Forces of Nigeria (AFN): Army, Navy (includes Coast Guard), Air Force<br><br>Ministry of Interior: Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corps (NSCDC), Nigeria Police Force (NPF) (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>the NSCDC is a paramilitary agency commissioned to assist the military in the management of threats to internal security, including attacks and natural disasters<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Office of the National Security Advisor is responsible for coordinating all security and enforcement agencies, including the Department of State Security (DSS), the NSCDC, the Ministry of Justice, and the NPF; border security responsibilities are shared among the NPF, the DSS, the NSCDC, Customs, Immigration, and the Nigerian military<br><br><strong>note 3: </strong>some states have created local security forces in response to increased violence, insecurity, and criminality that have exceeded the response capacity of government security forces"
"text": "Armed Forces of Nigeria (AFN): Army, Navy (includes Coast Guard), Air Force<br><br>Ministry of Interior: Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corps (NSCDC); Ministry of Police Affairs: Nigeria Police Force (NPF) (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>the NSCDC is a paramilitary agency commissioned to assist the military in the management of threats to internal security, including attacks and natural disasters<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Office of the National Security Advisor is responsible for coordinating all security and enforcement agencies, including the Department of State Security (DSS), the NSCDC, the Ministry of Justice, and the NPF; border security responsibilities are shared among the NPF, the DSS, the NSCDC, Nigeria Customs Service, Immigration Service, and the AFN<br><br><strong>note 3: </strong>some states have created local security forces akin to neighborhood watches in response to increased violence, insecurity, and criminality that have exceeded the response capacity of federal government security forces but as of January 2024, official security forces remained the constitutional perogative of the federal government"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2022": {
@ -1236,7 +1236,7 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "information varies; approximately 135,000 active-duty armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); approximately 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps (2023)"
"text": "information varies; approximately 135,000 active-duty armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); approximately 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps; approximately 370,000 police (2023)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the military's inventory consists of a wide variety of imported weapons systems of Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, Russian (including Soviet-era), and US origin; the military is undergoing a considerable modernization program, and in recent years has received equipment from nearly 20 countries with China and Russia as the leading suppliers; Nigeria is also developing a defense-industry capacity, including small arms, armored personnel vehicles, and small-scale naval production (2023)"

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},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Philip Jada NATANA (since 17 September 2018)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Angong ACUIL (since 13 December 2023)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1015 31st Street NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20007"

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},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d&rsquo;Affaires Ndumiso NTSHINGAIsmail ESAU (since 29 October 2023)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d&rsquo;Affaires Ndumiso Ndima&nbsp;NTSHINGA (since 30 October 2023)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "3051 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"

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"text": "President Macky SALL (since 2 April 2012)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Amadou BA (since 17 September 2022)"
"text": "Prime Minister Sidiki KABA (since 9 March 2024); note - on 6 March 2024, President Macky SALL dismissed Prime Minister Amadou BA and the cabinet and appointed Sidiki KABA to be prime minister and form a new cabinet"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single, renewable 5-year term; election last held on 24 February 2019 (next to be held on 15 December 2024)"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single, renewable 5-year term; election last held on 24 February 2019 (next to be held on 24 March 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em><em>2019:</em></em> Macky SALL reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Macky SALL (APR) 58.3%, Idrissa SECK (Rewmi) 20.5%, Ousmane SONKO (PASTEF) 15.7%, other 5.5% <p><em>2012:</em> Macky SALL elected president in second round; percent of vote - Macky SALL (APR) 65.8%, Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 34.2% </p>"
"text": "<br><em><em>2019:</em></em> Macky SALL reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Macky SALL (APR) 58.3%, Idrissa SECK (Rewmi) 20.5%, Ousmane SONKO (PASTEF) 15.7%, other 5.5% <p><em>2012:</em> Macky SALL elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Macky SALL (APR) 65.8%, Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 34.2% </p>"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {

4
africa/ts.json
View file

@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@
"text": "775 Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (2023)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the FAT is responsible for territorial defense and internal security; its operational areas of focus are countering Islamic terrorist groups and assisting with securing the border; it is conducting counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations against militant groups linked to al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and the Islamic State of ash-Sham (ISIS) who are fighting a low-intensity insurgency, mostly in the mountainous region along the border with Algeria, particularly the Chaambi Mountains near the city of Kasserine; the military has the lead role for security in this area and also routinely conducts joint operations with Algerian security forces against these groups, as well to counter smuggling and trafficking activities; the FAT in recent years also has increased its role in securing the southern border against militant activity, smuggling, and trafficking from war-torn Libya; since 2015, Tunisia has constructed a system of berms, trenches, and water-filled moats, complemented by electronic surveillance equipment such as motion detectors, ground surveillance radars, and infrared sensors along the 220-kilometer border with Libya; in the remote southern areas of the border with Libya, buffer/exclusion zones have also been established where the military has the lead for counterterrorism efforts; outside of these border areas, the Ministry of Interior (MOI) has the responsibility for counterterrorism, particularly for urban areas; the National Police Anti-Terrorism Brigade and the National Guard Special Unit have the lead for MOI counterterrorism operations<br><br>the FAT has historically remained largely apolitical and stayed out of the country’s economy; following Tunisia’s 1956 independence, FAT officers were legally prohibited from joining political parties, and the military did not intervene to prop up BEN ALI in 2011; nevertheless, President SAIED’s use of military courts to try civilians and placement of military troops outside of the parliament building after he dissolved the Assembly in 2021 has raised concerns of military politicization<br> <br>the FAT conducts bilateral and multinational training exercises with a variety of countries, including Algeria and other North African and Middle Eastern countries, France, and the US, as well as NATO; it also participates in UN peacekeeping operations; the Army has five combat brigades, including three mechanized infantry, a desert patrol, and a special forces brigade, as well as an armored reconnaissance regiment; the Navy is a coastal defense force with a limited inventory of offshore patrol ships complemented by a mix of small, fast attack and patrol craft; the Air Force largely supports the Army’s operations; it has a handful of older US-made fighter aircraft and a few dozen combat helicopters, mostly of French and US origin <br><br>Tunisia has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2023)"
"text": "the FAT is responsible for territorial defense and internal security; its operational areas of focus are countering Islamic terrorist groups and assisting with securing the border; it is conducting counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations against militant groups linked to al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and the Islamic State of ash-Sham (ISIS) who are fighting a low-intensity insurgency, mostly in the mountainous region along the border with Algeria, particularly the Chaambi Mountains near the city of Kasserine; the military has the lead role for security in this area and also routinely conducts joint operations with Algerian security forces against these groups, as well to counter smuggling and trafficking activities; the FAT in recent years also has increased its role in securing the southern border against militant activity, smuggling, and trafficking from war-torn Libya; in the remote southern areas of the border with Libya, buffer/exclusion zones have also been established where the military has the lead for counterterrorism efforts; outside of these border areas, the Ministry of Interior (MOI) has the responsibility for counterterrorism, particularly for urban areas; the National Police Anti-Terrorism Brigade and the National Guard Special Unit have the lead for MOI counterterrorism operations<br><br>the FAT has historically remained largely apolitical and stayed out of the country’s economy; following Tunisia’s 1956 independence, FAT officers were legally prohibited from joining political parties, and the military did not intervene to prop up BEN ALI in 2011; nevertheless, President SAIED’s use of military courts to try civilians and placement of military troops outside of the parliament building after he dissolved the Assembly in 2021 has raised concerns of military politicization<br> <br>the FAT conducts bilateral and multinational training exercises with a variety of countries, including Algeria and other North African and Middle Eastern countries, France, and the US, as well as NATO; it also participates in UN peacekeeping operations; the Army has five combat brigades, including three mechanized infantry, a desert patrol, and a special forces brigade, as well as an armored reconnaissance regiment; the Navy is a coastal defense force with a limited inventory of offshore patrol ships complemented by a mix of small, fast attack and patrol craft; the Air Force largely supports the Army’s operations; it has a handful of older US-made fighter aircraft and a few dozen combat helicopters, mostly of French and US origin <br><br>Tunisia has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2023)"
}
},
"Space": {
@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>none identified</p>"
"text": "<em>Tunisia-Libya: </em>instability in Libya has led to militant activity, smuggling, and trafficking in the border area, and since 2015, Tunisia has constructed a system of berms, trenches, and water-filled moats, complemented by electronic surveillance equipment such as motion detectors, ground surveillance radars, and infrared sensors along the border"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "NA"

4
africa/tz.json
View file

@ -225,8 +225,8 @@
}
},
"Mother's mean age at first birth": {
"text": "19.8 years (2015/16 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49"
"text": "19.9 years (2022 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data represents median age at first birth among women 15-49"
},
"Maternal mortality ratio": {
"text": "238 deaths/100,000 live births (2020 est.)"

2
africa/ug.json
View file

@ -1223,7 +1223,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p>Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces that extend across its borders<br><br><em>Uganda-Kenya:</em> Kenya and Uganda began a joint demarcation of the boundary in 2021; Uganda and Kenya both claim Migingo Island, a tiny island in the middle of Lake Victoria, which offers good fishing<br><br><em>Uganda-Rwanda:</em> a joint technical committee established in 2007 to demarcate sections of the border<br><br><em>Uganda-Democratic Republic of Congo (DROC):</em> Uganda rejects the DROC claim to Margherita Peak in the Rwenzori mountains and considers it a boundary divide; there is tension and violence on Lake Albert over prospective oil reserves at the mouth of the Semliki River; Rukwanzi Island in Lake Albert is claimed by both countries<br><br><em>Uganda-South Sudan:</em> Government of South Sudan protests Lord's Resistance Army operations in western Equatorial State, displacing and driving out local populations and stealing grain stores<br><br><em>Uganda-Sudan</em>: none identified</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Uganda-Kenya:</em> Kenya and Uganda began a joint demarcation of the boundary in 2021; Uganda and Kenya both claim Migingo Island, a tiny island in the middle of Lake Victoria, which offers good fishing<br><br><em>Uganda-Rwanda:</em> a joint technical committee established in 2007 to demarcate sections of the border<br><br><em>Uganda-Democratic Republic of Congo (DROC):</em> Uganda rejects the DROC claim to Margherita Peak in the Rwenzori mountains and considers it a boundary divide; there is tension and violence on Lake Albert over prospective oil reserves at the mouth of the Semliki River; Rukwanzi Island in Lake Albert is claimed by both countries<br><br><em>Uganda-South Sudan:</em> Government of South Sudan protests Lord's Resistance Army operations in western Equatorial State, displacing and driving out local populations and stealing grain stores</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

2
australia-oceania/fj.json
View file

@ -1146,7 +1146,7 @@
"text": "approximately 4,000 active personnel (2023)"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the RFMF is lightly armed and equipped; Australia has provided patrol boats and a few armored personnel carriers; it also provides logistical support for RFMF regional or UN operations; in recent years, China has provided construction equipment and military vehicles (2023)"
"text": "the RFMF is lightly armed and equipped; Australia has provided patrol boats and a few armored personnel carriers; it also provides logistical support for RFMF regional or UN operations; in recent years, China has provided construction equipment and military vehicles (2024)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; mandatory retirement at age 55 (2023)"

2
australia-oceania/fm.json
View file

@ -499,7 +499,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Jackson SORAM (since 31 March 2023)"
"text": "Ambassador Jackson T. SORAM (since 27 February 2024)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1725 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036"

8
australia-oceania/fp.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "French Polynesia consists of five archipelagos - the Austral Islands, the Gambier Islands, the Marquesas Islands, the Society Islands, and the Tuamotu Archipelago. The Marquesas were first settled around 200 B.C. and the Society Islands around A.D. 300. Raiatea in the Society Islands became a center for religion and culture. Exploration of the other islands emanated from Raiatea and by 1000, there were small permanent settlements in all the island groups. Ferdinand MAGELLAN was the first European to see the islands of French Polynesia in 1520, and successive European voyagers traveled through them over the next two centuries. In 1767, British explorer Samuel WALLIS was the first European to visit Tahiti, followed by French navigator Louis Antoine de BOUGAINVILLE in 1768, and British explorer James COOK in 1769. King POMARE I united Tahiti and surrounding islands into the Kingdom of Tahiti in 1788. Protestant missionaries arrived in 1797 and POMARE I’s successor converted in the 1810s, along with most Tahitians. In the 1830s, Queen POMARE IV refused to allow French Catholic missionaries to operate, leading France to declare a protectorate over Tahiti and fight the French-Tahitian War of the 1840s in an attempt to annex the islands. POMARE IV requested British assistance to fight France, and while the UK did not provide material support, it did diplomatically pressure France to simply maintain its protectorate status.<br><br>In 1880, King POMARE V ceded Tahiti and its possessions to France, changing its status into a colony. France then claimed the Gambier Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago and by 1901 had incorporated all five island groups into its establishments in Oceania. A Tahitian nationalist movement formed in 1940, leading France to grant French citizenship to the islanders in 1946 and change it to an overseas territory. In 1957, the islands’ name was changed to French Polynesia and the following year, 64% of voters chose to stay part of France when they approved a new constitution. Uninhabited Mururoa Atoll was established as a French nuclear test site in 1962 and tests were conducted between 1966 and 1992 (underground beginning in 1975). France also conducted tests at Fangataufa Atoll, including its last nuclear test in 1996.<br><br>France granted French Polynesia partial internal autonomy in 1977 and expanded autonomy in 1984. French Polynesia was converted into an overseas collectivity in 2003 and renamed an overseas country inside the Republic in 2004. Proindependence politicians won a surprise majority in local elections that same year but in subsequent elections have been relegated to a vocal minority. In 2013, French Polynesia was relisted on the UN List of Non-Self Governing Territories."
"text": "French Polynesia consists of five archipelagos - the Austral Islands, the Gambier Islands, the Marquesas Islands, the Society Islands, and the Tuamotu Archipelago. The Marquesas were first settled around 200 B.C. and the Society Islands around A.D. 300. Raiatea in the Society Islands became a center for religion and culture. Exploration of the other islands emanated from Raiatea and by 1000, there were small permanent settlements in all the island groups. Ferdinand MAGELLAN was the first European to see the islands of French Polynesia in 1520, and successive European voyagers traveled through them over the next two centuries. In 1767, British explorer Samuel WALLIS was the first European to visit Tahiti, followed by French navigator Louis Antoine de BOUGAINVILLE in 1768, and British explorer James COOK in 1769. King POMARE I united Tahiti and surrounding islands into the Kingdom of Tahiti in 1788. Protestant missionaries arrived in 1797 and POMARE I’s successor converted in the 1810s, along with most Tahitians. In the 1830s, Queen POMARE IV refused to allow French Catholic missionaries to operate, leading France to declare a protectorate over Tahiti and fight the French-Tahitian War of the 1840s in an attempt to annex the islands. POMARE IV requested British assistance to fight France, and while the UK did not provide material support, it did diplomatically pressure France to simply maintain its protectorate status.<br><br>In 1880, King POMARE V ceded Tahiti and its possessions to France, changing its status into a colony. France then claimed the Gambier Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago and by 1901 had incorporated all five island groups into its establishments in Oceania. A Tahitian nationalist movement formed in 1940, leading France to grant French citizenship to the islanders in 1946 and change it to an overseas territory. In 1957, the islands’ name was changed to French Polynesia and the following year, 64% of voters chose to stay part of France when they approved a new constitution. Uninhabited Mururoa Atoll was established as a French nuclear test site in 1962 and tests were conducted between 1966 and 1992 (underground beginning in 1975). France also conducted tests at Fangataufa Atoll, including its last nuclear test in 1996.<br><br>France granted French Polynesia partial internal autonomy in 1977 and expanded autonomy in 1984. French Polynesia was converted into an overseas collectivity in 2003 and renamed an overseas territory inside the Republic in 2004. Pro-independence politicians won a surprise majority in local elections that same year but in subsequent elections have been relegated to a vocal minority. In 2013, French Polynesia was relisted on the UN List of Non-Self Governing Territories."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -418,7 +418,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017), represented by High Commissioner of the Republic Dominique SORAIN (since 10 July 2019)"
"text": "President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017), represented by High Commissioner of the Republic Eric Spitz (since 23 September 2022)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "President of French Polynesia Moetai BROTHERSON (since 12 May 2023)"
@ -456,7 +456,7 @@
"text": "I Love Polynesia (A here la Porinetia) [Nicole SANQUER]<br>List of the People (Tapura Huiraatira) [Edouard FRITCH]<br>People's Servant Party (Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU]<br>Rally of the Maohi People (Amuitahiraʻa o te Nunaʻa Maohi)  [Gaston FLOSSE] (formerly known as Popular Rally (Tahoeraa Huiraatira))"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ITUC (NGOs), PIF (associate member), SPC, UPU, WMO"
"text": "ITUC (NGOs), PIF, SPC, UPU, WMO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"text": "none (overseas lands of France)"
@ -862,7 +862,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "French Polynesia has one of the most advanced telecoms infrastructures in the Pacific Islands region; the remoteness of the country with its scattering of 130 islands and atolls has made connectivity vital for its inhabitants; the first submarine cable was deployed in 2010 and since then additional cables have been connected to the islands, vastly improving French Polynesia&rsquo;s international connectivity; an additional domestic submarine cable, the Natitua Sud, will connect more remote islands by the end of 2022; French Polynesia is also a hub for satellite communications in the region; a considerable number of consumers access FttP-based services; with the first data center in French Polynesia on the cards, the quality and price of broadband services is expected to improve as content will be able to be cached locally, reducing costs for consumers; for 2022, fixed broadband subscriptions reached an estimated 22%; about 43% of the country&rsquo;s mobile connections are on 3G networks, while LTE accounts for 12%; by 2025, LTE is expected to account for more than half of all connections; it is also estimated that 77% of mobile subscribers will have smart phones by 2025 (2022)"
"text": "French Polynesia has one of the most advanced telecoms infrastructures in the Pacific Islands region; the remoteness of the territory with its scattering of 130 islands and atolls has made connectivity vital for its inhabitants; the first submarine cable was deployed in 2010 and since then additional cables have been connected to the islands, vastly improving French Polynesia&rsquo;s international connectivity; an additional domestic submarine cable, the Natitua Sud, will connect more remote islands by the end of 2022; French Polynesia is also a hub for satellite communications in the region; a considerable number of consumers access FttP-based services; with the first data center in French Polynesia on the cards, the quality and price of broadband services is expected to improve as content will be able to be cached locally, reducing costs for consumers; for 2022, fixed broadband subscriptions reached an estimated 22%; about 43% of the territory&rsquo;s mobile connections are on 3G networks, while LTE accounts for 12%; by 2025, LTE is expected to account for more than half of all connections; it is also estimated that 77% of mobile subscribers will have smart phones by 2025 (2022)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line subscriptions nearly 36 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular density is roughly 106 per 100 persons (2021)"

2
australia-oceania/nh.json
View file

@ -1077,7 +1077,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Vanuatu-France</em>: Matthew and Hunter Islands, two uninhabited islands east of New Caledonia, claimed by Vanuatu and France; in January 2019, a French naval mission landed officers on the islands to reinforce France’s sovereignty; in November 2021, French vessels fishing near the islands raised tensions</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Vanuatu-France</em>: both claim Matthew and Hunter Islands, two uninhabited islands east of New Caledonia</p>"
},
"Trafficking in persons": {
"tier rating": {

2
australia-oceania/rm.json
View file

@ -536,7 +536,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d&rsquo;Affaires Dixie LOMAE (since 1 September 2023)"
"text": "Ambassador Charles Rudolph PAUL (since 27 February 2024)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2433 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"

2
central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json
View file

@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Barbados-Venezuela (Maritime Boundary):</em> Barbados joins other Caribbean states and the United Kingdom to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island, a large sandbar with some vegetation, sustains human habitation or economic life, the criteria under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Article 121, which would permit Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea; the dispute hampers hydrocarbon prospecting and creation of exploration blocks <br><br><em>Barbados-Trinidad and Tobago (Maritime Boundary):</em> Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's exclusive economic zone</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Barbados-Venezuela (Maritime Boundary):</em> Barbados joins other Caribbean states and the United Kingdom to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island, a large sandbar with some vegetation, sustains human habitation or economic life, the criteria under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Article 121, which would permit Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea; the dispute hampers hydrocarbon prospecting and creation of exploration blocks <br><br></p>"
},
"Illicit drugs": {
"text": "<p>a transit point for cocaine and marijuana destined for North America, Europe, and elsewhere in the Caribbean; some local demand for cocaine and some use of synthetic drugs</p>"

2
central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json
View file

@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
"text": "English (official) 88.8%, Spanish 3.9%, Filipino 3.8%, other 2.8%, unspecified 0.7% (2021 est.)"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Protestant 52.1% (includes Church of God 19.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 8.7%, Presbyterian/United Church 5.7%, Baptist 6.9%, Pentecostal 6.8%, non-denominational 8.3%, Anglican 2.8%, Wesleyan Holiness 1.5%, Methodist 0.5%), Roman Catholic 13.6%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 7%, unspecified 1.4%"
"text": "Protestant 60.8% (includes Church of God 19.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 8.7%, non-denominational 8.3%, Baptist 6.9%, Pentecostal 6.8%, Presbyterian/United Church 5.7%, Anglican 2.8%, Wesleyan Holiness 1.5%, Methodist 0.5%), Roman Catholic 13.6%, Hindu 1.7%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 4.8%, none 16.7%, unspecified 1.4% (2021 est.)"
},
"Age structure": {
"0-14 years": {

10
central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Although explored by the Spanish early in the 16th century, initial attempts at colonizing Costa Rica proved unsuccessful due to a combination of factors, including disease from mosquito-infested swamps, brutal heat, resistance by indigenous populations, and pirate raids. It was not until 1563 that a permanent settlement of Cartago was established in the cooler, fertile central highlands. The area remained a colony for some two and a half centuries. In 1821, Costa Rica became one of several Central American provinces that jointly declared their independence from Spain. Two years later it joined the United Provinces of Central America, but this federation disintegrated in 1838, at which time Costa Rica proclaimed its sovereignty and independence. Since the late 19th century, only two brief periods of violence have marred the country's democratic development. On 1 December 1948, Costa Rica dissolved its armed forces. Although it still maintains a large agricultural sector, Costa Rica has expanded its economy to include strong technology and tourism industries. The standard of living is relatively high. Land ownership is widespread."
"text": "Although explored by the Spanish early in the 16th century, initial attempts at colonizing Costa Rica proved unsuccessful due to a combination of factors, including disease from mosquito-infested swamps, brutal heat, resistance by Indigenous populations, and pirate raids. It was not until 1563 that a permanent settlement of Cartago was established in the cooler, fertile central highlands. The area remained a colony for some two and a half centuries. In 1821, Costa Rica became one of several Central American provinces that jointly declared independence from Spain. Two years later it joined the United Provinces of Central America, but this federation disintegrated in 1838, at which time Costa Rica proclaimed its sovereignty and independence. Since the late 19th century, only two brief periods of violence have marred the country's democratic development. On 1 December 1948, Costa Rica dissolved its armed forces. Although it still maintains a large agricultural sector, Costa Rica has expanded its economy to include strong technology and tourism industries. The standard of living is relatively high. Land ownership is widespread."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -489,7 +489,7 @@
},
"Capital": {
"name": {
"text": "San Jose"
"text": "San Jos&eacute;"
},
"geographic coordinates": {
"text": "9 56 N, 84 05 W"
@ -555,7 +555,7 @@
"text": "president and vice presidents directly elected on the same ballot by modified majority popular vote (40% threshold) for a 4-year term (eligible for non-consecutive terms); election last held on 6 February 2022 with a runoff on 3 April 2022 (next to be held in February 2026 with a runoff in April 2026)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em>2022: </em>Rodrigo CHAVES Robles elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jose Maria FIGUERES Olsen (PLN) 27.3%,<em> </em>Rodrigo CHAVES Robles (PPSD) 16.8%, Fabricio ALVARADO Munoz (PNR) 14.9%, Eliecer FEINZAIG Mintz (PLP) 12.4%, Lineth SABORIO Chaverri (PUSC) 12.4%, Jose Maria VILLALTA Florez-Estrada 8.7% (PFA), other 7.5%; percent of vote in second round - Rodrigo CHAVES Robles (PPSD) 52.8%, Jose Maria FIGUERES Olsen (PLN) 47.2%<br><br><em>2018:</em> Carlos ALVARADO Quesada elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Fabricio ALVARADO Munoz (PRN) 25%; Carlos ALVARADO Quesada (PAC) 21.6%; Antonio ALVAREZ (PLN) 18.6%; Rodolfo PIZA (PUSC) 16%; Juan Diego CASTRO (PIN) 9.5%; Rodolfo HERNANDEZ (PRS) 4.9%, other 4.4%; percent of vote in second round - Carlos ALVARADO Quesada (PAC) 60.7%; Fabricio ALVARADO Munoz (PRN) 39.3%"
"text": "<br><em>2022: </em>Rodrigo CHAVES Robles elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jose Maria FIGUERES Olsen (PLN) 27.3%,<em> </em>Rodrigo CHAVES Robles (PPSD) 16.8%, Fabricio ALVARADO Munoz (PNR) 14.9%, Eliecer FEINZAIG Mintz (PLP) 12.4%, Lineth SABORIO Chaverri (PUSC) 12.4%, Jose Maria VILLALTA Florez-Estrada 8.7% (PFA), other 7.5%; percent of vote in second round - Rodrigo CHAVES Robles (PPSD) 52.8%, Jose Maria FIGUERES Olsen (PLN) 47.2%<br><br><em>2018:</em> Carlos ALVARADO Quesada elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Fabricio ALVARADO Munoz (PRN) 25%; Carlos ALVARADO Quesada (PAC) 21.6%; Antonio ALVAREZ (PLN) 18.6%; Rodolfo PIZA (PUSC) 16%; Juan Diego CASTRO (PIN) 9.5%; Rodolfo HERNANDEZ (PRSC) 4.9%, other 4.4%; percent of vote in second round - Carlos ALVARADO Quesada (PAC) 60.7%; Fabricio ALVARADO Munoz (PRN) 39.3%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -581,7 +581,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<p>Accessibility Without Exclusion or PASE [Oscar Andres LOPEZ Arias]<br>Broad Front (Frente Amplio) or PFA [Ana Patricia MORA Castellanos]<br>Christian Democratic Alliance or ADC [Mario REDONDO Poveda]<br>Citizen Action Party or PAC [Marta Eugenia SOLANO Arias]<br>Costa Rican Renewal Party or PRC [Justo OROZCO Alvarez]<br>Liberal Progressive Party or PLP [Eliecer FEINZAIG Mintz]<br>Libertarian Movement Party or ML [Victor Danilo CUBERO Corrales]<br>National Integration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes]<br>National Liberation Party or PLN [Kattia RIVERA Soto]<br>National Restoration Party or PRN [Carlos Luis AVENDANO Calvo]<br>New Generation or PNG [Rodolfo SOLIS Herrera]<br>New Republic Party or PNR [Francisco Javier PRENDAS Rodriguez]<br>Patriotic Alliance [Jorge ARAYA Westover]<br>Social Christian Republican Party or PRS [Otto ROBERTO Vargas]<br>Social Christian Unity Party or PUSC of UNIDAD [Randall QUIROS Bustamante]<br>Social Democratic Progress Party or PPSD [Luz Mary ALPIZAR Loaiza]<br><br></p>"
"text": "<p>Accessibility Without Exclusion or PASE [Oscar Andres LOPEZ Arias]<br>Broad Front (Frente Amplio) or PFA [Ana Patricia MORA Castellanos]<br>Citizen Action Party or PAC [Fabian SOLANO Fernandez]<br>Costa Rican Renewal Party or PRC [Justo OROZCO Alvarez]<br>Here Costa Rica Commands Party or ACRM [Federico CRUZ Saravanja]<br>Liberal Progressive Party or PLP [Eliecer FEINZAIG Mintz]<br>Libertarian Movement Party or ML [Victor Danilo CUBERO Corrales]<br>National Integration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes]<br>National Liberation Party or PLN [Ricardo SANCHO Chavarría]<br>National Restoration Party or PRN [Carlos Luis AVENDANO Calvo]<br>New Generation or PNG [Rodolfo SOLIS Herrera]<br>New Republic Party or PNR [Fabricio ALVARADO Muñoz]<br>Social Christian Republican Party or PRSC [Otto ROBERTO Vargas]<br>Social Christian Unity Party or PUSC of UNIDAD [Juan Carlos HIDALGO Bogantes]<br>Social Democratic Progress Party or PPSD [Luz Mary ALPIZAR Loaiza]</p>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS, OIF (observer), OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -603,7 +603,7 @@
"text": "<br>embcr-us@rree.go.cr<br><br>http://www.costarica-embassy.org/index.php?q=node/21"
},
"consulate(s) general": {
"text": "Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Washington DC"
"text": "Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Washington DC"
},
"honorary consulate(s)": {
"text": "San Juan (Puerto Rico), Saint Paul (MN), Tucson (AZ)"

40
central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json
View file

@ -599,7 +599,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 745-1908"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>infoembaguateeuu@minex.gob.gt"
"text": "<br>infoembaguateeuu@minex.gob.gt<br><br>https://estadosunidos.minex.gob.gt/home/home.aspx"
},
"consulate(s) general": {
"text": "Atlanta, Chicago, Del Rio (TX), Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, McAllen (TX), Miami, New York, Oklahoma City, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Providence (RI), Raleigh (NC), San Bernardino (CA), San Francisco, Seattle"
@ -610,7 +610,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Patrick VENTRELL (since August 2023)"
"text": "Ambassador Tobin BRADLEY (since 12 February 2024)"
},
"embassy": {
"text": "Avenida Reforma 7-01, Zone 10, Guatemala City"
@ -655,18 +655,18 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economic overview": {
"text": "growing Central American economy; unique South Korean business relations; high poverty, inequality, and malnutrition; low government revenues impede educational, sanitation, and healthcare efforts; high migration, child labor, and remittances"
"text": "developing Central American economy; steady economic growth fueled by remittances; high poverty and income inequality; limited government services, lack of employment opportunities, and frequent natural disasters impede human development efforts and drive emigration"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$159 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$152.734 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$141.445 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$143.985 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
@ -681,15 +681,15 @@
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$9,200 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$8,900 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$8,400 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$8,700 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
@ -750,7 +750,7 @@
}
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "sugar cane, bananas, oil palm fruit, maize, melons, potatoes, milk, plantains, pineapples, rubber"
"text": "sugar cane, eggs, bananas, oil palm fruit, maize, melons, potatoes, milk, tomatoes, poultry"
},
"Industries": {
"text": "sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism"
@ -858,38 +858,38 @@
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$18.127 billion (2022 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$15.318 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$12.713 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$13.598 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
},
"Exports - partners": {
"text": "United States 32%, El Salvador 12%, Honduras 10%, Nicaragua 6%, Mexico 4% (2021)"
"text": "United States 32%, El Salvador 12%, Honduras 10%, Nicaragua 6%, Mexico 4% (2022)"
},
"Exports - commodities": {
"text": "clothing, bananas, coffee, palm oil, cardamoms, raw sugar, iron alloys (2021)"
"text": "textiles (knit and non-knit garments), coffee, bananas, palm oil, raw sugar (2022)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$33.938 billion (2022 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$27.388 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$19.267 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$21.527 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
},
"Imports - partners": {
"text": "United States 33%, China 17%, Mexico 9%, El Salvador 5%, Costa Rica 3% (2021)"
"text": "United States 34%, China 15%, Mexico 9%, El Salvador 4%, Costa Rica 3% (2022)"
},
"Imports - commodities": {
"text": "refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, cars, packaged medicines, delivery trucks, clothing and apparel, polymers (2021)"
"text": "refined petroleum, video displays, cars, packaged medicines, delivery trucks (2022)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {

4
central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>The native Taino - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when Christopher COLUMBUS first landed on it in 1492 - were virtually wiped out by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean but relied heavily on the forced labor of enslaved Africans and environmentally degrading practices. In the late 18th century, Toussaint L'OUVERTURE led a revolution of Haiti's nearly half a million slaves that ended France's rule on the island. After a prolonged struggle, and under the leadership of Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, Haiti became the first country in the world led by former slaves after declaring its independence in 1804, but it was forced to pay an indemnity of 100 million francs (equivalent to $22 billion USD in March 2023) to France for more than a century and was shunned by other countries for nearly 40 years. On 12 July 1862, the US officially recognized Haiti, but foreign economic influence and internal political instability induced the US to occupy Haiti from 1915-1934. Subsequently, Francois \"Papa Doc\" DUVALIER and then his son Jean-Claude \"Baby Doc\" DUVALIER led repressive and corrupt regimes that ruled Haiti in 1957-1971 and 1971-1986, respectively. President Jovenel MOISE was assassinated on 7 July 2021, leading the country further into an extra-constitutional governance structure and contributing to the country’s growing fragility. On 20 July 2021, the Government of Haiti installed Ariel HENRY - whom President MOISE had nominated shortly before his death - as prime minister. As of March 2023, Haiti had no sitting elected officials. The country has long been plagued by natural disasters. In January 2010, a major 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck Haiti with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. Estimates are that over 300,000 people were killed and some 1.5 million left homeless. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region over the last 200 years. A 7.2 magnitude earthquake hit Haiti’s southern peninsula in August 2021, causing well over 2,000 deaths; an estimated 500,000 required emergency humanitarian aid. Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, as well as one of the most unequal in wealth distribution.</p>"
"text": "<p>The native Taino - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when Christopher COLUMBUS first landed on it in 1492 - were virtually wiped out by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean but relied heavily on the forced labor of enslaved Africans and environmentally degrading practices. In the late 18th century, Toussaint L'OUVERTURE led a revolution of Haiti's nearly half a million slaves that ended France's rule on the island. After a prolonged struggle, and under the leadership of Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, Haiti became the first country in the world led by former slaves after declaring its independence in 1804, but it was forced to pay an indemnity of 100 million francs (equivalent to $22 billion USD in March 2023) to France for more than a century and was shunned by other countries for nearly 40 years. On 12 July 1862, the US officially recognized Haiti, but foreign economic influence and internal political instability induced the US to occupy Haiti from 1915-1934. Subsequently, Francois \"Papa Doc\" DUVALIER and then his son Jean-Claude \"Baby Doc\" DUVALIER led repressive and corrupt regimes that ruled Haiti in 1957-1971 and 1971-1986, respectively. President Jovenel MOISE was assassinated on 7 July 2021, leading the country further into an extra-constitutional governance structure and contributing to the country’s growing fragility. On 20 July 2021, the Government of Haiti installed Ariel HENRY - whom President MOISE had nominated shortly before his death - as prime minister.</p> <p>On 29 February 2024, a significant escalation of gang violence occurred on the 20th anniversary of the overthrow of former President ARISTIDE and after the announcement that Prime Minister HENRY would not be holding elections until August 2025. After several days of fighting, armed gangs stormed the country’s two largest prisons in the capital and freed approximately 4,000 prisoners. Prime Minister HENRY’s return from an overseas trip was diverted to Puerto Rico when the airport closed due to gang violence. With control of much of the capital, Port-au-Prince, gang leaders called for the ouster of HENRY’S government. On 12 March 2024, Haiti’s continued violence, HENRY’S inability to return to the country, and increasing pressure from the international community led Prime Minister HENRY to pledge to resign effective when the new transitional presidential council appoints a new interim prime minister. Since January 2023, Haiti has had no sitting elected officials.<br><br>The country has long been plagued by natural disasters. In January 2010, a major 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck Haiti with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. Estimates are that over 300,000 people were killed and some 1.5 million left homeless. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region over the last 200 years. A 7.2 magnitude earthquake hit Haiti’s southern peninsula in August 2021, causing well over 2,000 deaths; an estimated 500,000 required emergency humanitarian aid. Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, as well as one of the most unequal in wealth distribution.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"IDPs": {
"text": "171,000 (violence among armed gangs in the metropolitan area os Port-au-Prince) (2022)"
"text": "313,901 (violence among armed gangs in the metropolitan area os Port-au-Prince) (2023)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "2,992 (2018); note - individuals without a nationality who were born in the Dominican Republic prior to January 2010"

2
central-america-n-caribbean/td.json
View file

@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Trinidad and Tobago-Barbados</em>: Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's EEZ</p> <p><em>Trinidad and Tobago-Barbados-Guyana-Venezuela</em>: in 2005, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago agreed to compulsory international arbitration under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea challenging whether the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's and Venezuela's maritime boundary extends into Barbadian waters; Guyana has expressed its intention to include itself in the arbitration, as the Trinidad and Tobago-Venezuela maritime boundary may also extend into its waters</p>"
"text": "none identified"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

2
central-asia/kz.json
View file

@ -567,7 +567,7 @@
"text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a single 7-year term (prior to September 2022, the president of Kazakhstan could serve up to two 5-year terms; legislation passed in September 2022 reduced the maximum number of terms to one 7-year term); election last held on 20 November 2022 (next to be held in 2029); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Mazhilis"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2022</em>: Kasym-Zhomart TOKAYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Kassym-Jomart TOKAYEV (Amanat) 81.3%, Zhiguli DAYRABAEV (Auyl) 3.4%, Qaraqat or Karakat ÄBDEN (KÄQŪA) 2.6%, Meyram KAZHYKEN (Amanat) 2.5%, Nurlan AUYESBAYEV (NSDP) 2.2%, Saltanat TURSYNBEKOVA (QA-DJ) 2.1%, other 5.8%<br><br><em>2019</em>: Kasym-Zhomart TOKAYEV elected president; percent of vote - Kasym-Zhomart TOKAYEV (Amanat) 71%, Amirzhan KOSANOV (Ult Tagdyry) 16.2%, Daniya YESPAYEVA (Ak Zhol) 5.1%, other 7.7%"
"text": "<em>2024: </em>Olzhas BEKTENOV elected as prime minister; 69-0 in parliament<em><br><br>2022</em>: Kasym-Zhomart TOKAYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Kassym-Jomart TOKAYEV (Amanat) 81.3%, Zhiguli DAYRABAEV (Auyl) 3.4%, Qaraqat or Karakat ÄBDEN (KÄQŪA) 2.6%, Meyram KAZHYKEN (Amanat) 2.5%, Nurlan AUYESBAYEV (NSDP) 2.2%, Saltanat TURSYNBEKOVA (QA-DJ) 2.1%, other 5.8%<br><br><em>2019</em>: Kasym-Zhomart TOKAYEV elected president; percent of vote - Kasym-Zhomart TOKAYEV (Amanat) 71%, Amirzhan KOSANOV (Ult Tagdyry) 16.2%, Daniya YESPAYEVA (Ak Zhol) 5.1%, other 7.7%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {

2
central-asia/rs.json
View file

@ -1300,7 +1300,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>in December 2022, the Russian Government announced a target level of 1.15 million total troops and subsequently announced further plans to expand the size of the armed forces to 1.5 million by 2026"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the Russian Federation's military and paramilitary services are equipped with domestically produced weapons systems, although in recent years Russia has imported limited amounts of military hardware from external suppliers; the Russian defense industry is capable of designing, developing, and producing a full range of advanced air, land, missile, and naval systems; Russia is the world's second largest exporter of military hardware (2023)"
"text": "the Russian Federation's military and paramilitary services are equipped with domestically produced weapons systems, although in recent years Russia has imported considerable amounts of military hardware from external suppliers such as Iran and North Korea; the Russian defense industry is capable of designing, developing, and producing a full range of advanced air, land, missile, and naval systems; Russia is the world's second largest exporter of military hardware (2023)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-27 years of age for compulsory service for men; 18-40 for voluntary/contractual service; women and non-Russian citizens (18-30) may volunteer; men are registered for the draft at 17 years of age; 12-month service obligation (Russia offers the option of serving on a 24-month contract instead of completing a 12-month conscription period); reserve obligation for non-officers to age 50 (Russian men who have completed their compulsory service to re-enter the army up to the age of 55); enrollment in military schools from the age of 16 (2023)",

2
east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json
View file

@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Burman (Bamar) 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Indian 2%, Mon 2%, other 5%",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>the largest ethnic group — the Burman (or Bamar) — dominate politics and the military ranks are largely drawn from this ethnic group; the Burman mainly populate the central parts of the country, while various ethnic minorities have traditionally lived in the peripheral regions that surround the plains in a horseshoe shape; the government recognizes 135 indigenous ethnic groups"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>the largest ethnic group — the Burman (or Bamar) — dominate politics, and the military ranks are largely drawn from this ethnic group; the Burman mainly populate the central parts of the country, while various ethnic minorities have traditionally lived in the peripheral regions that surround the plains in a horseshoe shape; the government recognizes 135 indigenous ethnic groups"
},
"Languages": {
"Languages": {

2
east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json
View file

@ -1321,7 +1321,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>China-India: </em>continue their security and foreign policy dialogue started in 2005 related to a number of boundary disputes across the 2,000 mile shared border; India does not recognize Pakistan's 1964 ceding to China of the Aksai Chin, a territory designated as part of the princely state of Kashmir by the British Survey of India in 1865; China claims most of the Indian state Arunachal Pradesh to the base of the Himalayas, but the US recognizes the state of Arunachal Pradesh as Indian territory<br><br><em>China-Bhutan:</em> continue negotiations to establish a common boundary alignment to resolve territorial disputes arising from substantial cartographic discrepancies, the most contentious of which lie in Bhutan's west along China's Chumbi salient<br><br><em>China-North Korea:</em> certain islands in the Yalu and Tumen Rivers are in dispute with North Korea; both countries seek to stem illegal migration to China by North Koreans fleeing privation and oppression<br><br><em>China-Russia:</em> have demarcated the once disputed islands at the Amur and Ussuri confluence and in the Argun River in accordance with their 2004 Agreement<br><br><em>China-Tajikistan:</em> have begun demarcating the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002<br><br><em>Southeast Asia:</em> the decade-long demarcation of the China-Vietnam land boundary was completed in 2009; citing environmental, cultural, and social concerns, China has reconsidered construction of 13 dams on the Salween River, but energy-starved Burma, with backing from Thailand, continues to consider building five hydro-electric dams downstream despite regional and international protests<br><br><em>Maritime:</em> Chinese maps show an international boundary symbol (the so-called “nine-dash line”) off the coasts of the littoral states of the <em>South China Sea</em>, where China has interrupted Vietnamese hydrocarbon exploration; China asserts sovereignty over <em>Scarborough Reef </em>along with the Philippines and Taiwan, and over the <em>Spratly Islands</em> together with Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Brunei; the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea eased tensions in the Spratlys, and in 2017 China and ASEAN began confidential negotiations for an updated Code of Conduct for the South China Sea designed not to settle territorial disputes but establish rules and norms in the region; this still is not the legally binding code of conduct sought by some parties; both China and Vietnam continue to expand construction of facilities in the Spratlys, and in early 2018 China began deploying advanced military systems to disputed Spratly outposts; China occupies some of the <em>Paracel Islands</em> also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; the Japanese-administered <em>Senkaku Islands</em> are also claimed by China and Taiwan</p>"
"text": "<p><em>China-India: </em>continue their security and foreign policy dialogue started in 2005 related to a number of boundary disputes across the 2,000 mile shared border; India does not recognize Pakistan's 1964 ceding to China of the Aksai Chin, a territory designated as part of the princely state of Kashmir by the British Survey of India in 1865; China claims most of the Indian state Arunachal Pradesh to the base of the Himalayas, but the US recognizes the state of Arunachal Pradesh as Indian territory<br><br><em>China-Bhutan:</em> continue negotiations to establish a common boundary alignment to resolve territorial disputes arising from substantial cartographic discrepancies, the most contentious of which lie in Bhutan's west along China's Chumbi salient<br><br><em>China-North Korea:</em> certain islands in the Yalu and Tumen Rivers are in dispute with North Korea; both countries seek to stem illegal migration to China by North Koreans fleeing privation and oppression<br><br><em>China-Russia:</em> in 2023, Russia rejected a new PRC map that laid claim to Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island in its entirety as Chinese territory; this move undermined a 2004 Agreement in which Russia and China demarcated long-disputed islands at the Amuri and Ussuri confluence and in the Argun River<br><br><em>China-Tajikistan:</em> have begun demarcating the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002<br><br><em>Southeast Asia:</em> the decade-long demarcation of the China-Vietnam land boundary was completed in 2009; citing environmental, cultural, and social concerns, China has reconsidered construction of 13 dams on the Salween River, but energy-starved Burma, with backing from Thailand, continues to consider building five hydro-electric dams downstream despite regional and international protests<br><br><em>Maritime:</em> Chinese maps show an international boundary symbol (the so-called “nine-dash line”) off the coasts of the littoral states of the <em>South China Sea</em>, where China has interrupted Vietnamese hydrocarbon exploration; China asserts sovereignty over <em>Scarborough Reef </em>along with the Philippines and Taiwan, and over the <em>Spratly Islands</em> together with Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Brunei; the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea eased tensions in the Spratlys, and in 2017 China and ASEAN began confidential negotiations for an updated Code of Conduct for the South China Sea designed not to settle territorial disputes but establish rules and norms in the region; this still is not the legally binding code of conduct sought by some parties; both China and Vietnam continue to expand construction of facilities in the Spratlys, and in early 2018 China began deploying advanced military systems to disputed Spratly outposts; China occupies some of the <em>Paracel Islands</em> also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; the Japanese-administered <em>Senkaku Islands</em> are also claimed by China and Taiwan</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

2
east-n-southeast-asia/id.json
View file

@ -626,7 +626,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Rosan Perkasa ROESLANI (since 13 January 2022)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Ida Bagus Made BIMANTARA (since 30 November 2023)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036"

2
east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json
View file

@ -585,7 +585,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador YAMADA Shigeo (since December 2023)"
"text": "Ambassador YAMADA Shigeo (since 27 February 2024)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2520 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"

2
east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json
View file

@ -587,7 +587,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d&rsquo;Affaires Cephas KAYO, Minister (since 31 January 2018)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d&rsquo;Affaires Cephas KAYO (since 31 January 2018)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1825 K Street NW, Suite 1010, Washington, DC 20006"

2
europe/au.json
View file

@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@
"text": "1% of GDP (2024 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2023": {
"text": "0.85% of GDP (2023 est.)"
"text": "0.9% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2022": {
"text": "0.7% of GDP (2022)"

2
europe/bo.json
View file

@ -565,7 +565,7 @@
"text": "Council of the Republic - indirect election last held on 7 November 2019<br>House of Representatives - last held on 25 February 2024 (next to be held in 2028)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br>Council of the Republic - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 58, other 2; composition as of January 2024 - men 42, women 16, percent of women 27.6%<br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Belaya Rus 51, RPTS 8, CPB 7, LDPB 4, independent 40; composition - NA"
"text": "<br>Council of the Republic - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 58, other 2; composition as of January 2024 - men 42, women 16, percent of women 27.6%<br><br>House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Belaya Rus 51, RPTS 8, CPB 7, LDPB 4, independent 40; composition - NA"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the US does not recognize the legitimacy of the National Assembly"
},

2
europe/ee.json
View file

@ -344,7 +344,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador-designate Jovita NELIUP&Scaron;IENĖ (since 1 January 2024)"
"text": "Ambassador Jovita NELIUP&Scaron;IENĖ (since 27 February 2024)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2175 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20037"

2
europe/gr.json
View file

@ -581,7 +581,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d&rsquo;Affaires Theodoros BIZAKIS (since 22 September 2023)"
"text": "Ambassador Ekaterini NASSIKA (since 27 February 2024)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2217 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"

4
europe/hu.json
View file

@ -566,10 +566,10 @@
"text": "Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister and appointed by the president"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly with two-thirds majority vote in first round or simple majority vote in second round for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11 March 2022 (next to be held in spring 2027); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president; election last held on 3 April 2022 (next to be held in April or May 2027)"
"text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly with two-thirds majority vote in first round or simple majority vote in second round for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 26 February 2024 (next to be held in spring 2029); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president; election last held on 3 April 2022 (next to be held in April or May 2027)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em>2024:</em> Tamas SULYOK elected president; vote - 134 to 5<br><br><em>2022: </em>Katalin NOVAK (Fidesz) elected president; National Assembly vote - 137 to 51<em><br><br>2017:</em> Janos ADER (Fidesz) reelected president; National Assembly vote - 131 to 39"
"text": "<br><em>2024:</em> Tamas SULYOK elected president; National Assembly vote - 134 to 5<br><br><em>2022: </em>Katalin NOVAK (Fidesz) elected president; National Assembly vote - 137 to 51"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {

2
europe/mj.json
View file

@ -607,7 +607,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Nebojsa TODOROVIC (since 7 December 2022)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Linda CAMAJ (since 7 December 2023)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1610 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20009"

6
europe/po.json
View file

@ -558,10 +558,10 @@
"text": "unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; 226 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote and 4 members - 2 each in 2 constituencies representing Portuguese living abroad - directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 30 January 2022 (next to be held on 10 March 2024); note - early elections were called after Prime Minister Antonio Luis Santos da COSTA resigned on 7 November 2023"
"text": "last held on 10 March 2024 (next to be held on 30 September 2028); note - early elections were called after Prime Minister Antonio Luis Santos da COSTA resigned on 7 November 2023"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - PS 42.5%, PSD 28.4%, Enough 7.4%, IL 5%, BE 4.5%, PCP-PEV 4.4%, other 7.8%; seats by party - PS 120, PSD 72, Enough 12, IL 8, PCP-PEV 6, BE 5, other 3; composition - men 145, women 85, percent of women 37%"
"text": "percent of vote by party -; seats by party - PSD 79, PS 77, Enough 48, other 26; composition - men, women%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -576,7 +576,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Democratic Alliance (2022 electoral alliance in the Azores, includes PSD, CDS-PP, PPM)<br>Democratic and Social Center/People's Party (Partido do Centro Democratico Social-Partido Popular) or CDS-PP [Nuno MELO]<br>Ecologist Party \"The Greens\" or \"Os Verdes\" (Partido Ecologista-Os Verdes) or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA]<br>Enough (Chega) [Andre VENTURA]<br>Liberal Initiative (Iniciativa Liberal) or IL [Joao COTRIM DE FIGUEIREDO]<br>Madeira First (2022 electoral alliance in Madeira, includes PSD, CDS-PP)<br>People-Animals-Nature Party (Pessoas-Animais-Natureza) or PAN [Ines SOUSA REAL]<br>People's Monarchist Party or PPM [Gonçalo DA CAMARA PEREIRA]<br>Portuguese Communist Party (Partido Comunista Portugues) or PCP [Paulo RAIMUNDO]<br>Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata) or PSD [Luis MONTENEGRO] (formerly the Partido Popular Democratico or PPD)<br>Socialist Party (Partido Socialista) or PS [Pedro Nunes SANTOS]<br>The Left Bloc (Bloco de Esquerda) or BE or O Bloco [Catarina MARTINS]<br>Unitary Democratic Coalition (Coligacao Democratica Unitaria) or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes PCP and PEV)"
"text": "Democratic Alliance (2022 electoral alliance in the Azores, includes PSD, CDS-PP, PPM)<br>Democratic and Social Center/People's Party (Partido do Centro Democratico Social-Partido Popular) or CDS-PP [Nuno MELO]<br>Ecologist Party \"The Greens\" or \"Os Verdes\" (Partido Ecologista-Os Verdes) or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA]<br>Enough (Chega) [Andre VENTURA]<br>Liberal Initiative (Iniciativa Liberal) or IL [Rui ROCHA]<br>Madeira First (2022 electoral alliance in Madeira, includes PSD, CDS-PP)<br>People-Animals-Nature Party (Pessoas-Animais-Natureza) or PAN [Ines SOUSA REAL]<br>People's Monarchist Party or PPM [Gonçalo DA CAMARA PEREIRA]<br>Portuguese Communist Party (Partido Comunista Portugues) or PCP [Paulo RAIMUNDO]<br>Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata) or PSD [Luis MONTENEGRO] (formerly the Partido Popular Democratico or PPD)<br>Socialist Party (Partido Socialista) or PS [Pedro Nunes SANTOS]<br>The Left Bloc (Bloco de Esquerda) or BE or O Bloco [Mariana MORTAGUA]<br>Unitary Democratic Coalition (Coligacao Democratica Unitaria) or CDU [Paulo RAIMUNDO] (includes PCP and PEV) (2024)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"

2
europe/sp.json
View file

@ -596,7 +596,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Santiago CABANAS Ansorena (since 17 September 2018)"
"text": "Ambassador &Aacute;ngeles MORENO Bau (since 27 February 2024)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2375 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037"

4
europe/sw.json
View file

@ -586,7 +586,7 @@
"text": "Center Party (Centerpartiet) or C [Muharrem DEMIROK]<br>Christian Democrats (Kristdemokraterna) or KD [Ebba BUSCH]<br>Green Party (Miljopartiet de Grona) or MP [Marta STEVENI and Daniel HELLDEN]<br>Left Party (Vansterpartiet) or V [Nooshi DADGOSTAR]<br>Moderate Party (Moderaterna) or M [Ulf KRISTERSSON]<br>Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna) or SD [Jimmie AKESSON]<br>Swedish Social Democratic Party (Socialdemokraterna) or S/SAP [Magdalena ANDERSSON]<br>The Liberals (Liberalerna) or L [Johan PEHRSON]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNSOM, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNSOM, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@
"text": "the Swedish military has small numbers of personnel deployed on multiple EU-, NATO-, and UN-led missions (2023)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the Swedish military is responsible for the defense of the country and its territories against armed attack, supporting Sweden’s national security interests, providing societal support, such as humanitarian aid, and contributing to international peacekeeping and peacemaking operations; it has a relatively small active duty force that is designed to be rapidly mobilized in a crisis; it is equipped with modern, mostly Swedish-made weapons, exercises regularly, and is backed up by a trained reserve and a Home Guard; the military’s main focus is maintaining itself as a credible and visible deterrent through training and exercises, sustaining high levels of readiness, cooperating and collaborating with both domestic and foreign partners<br><br>Sweden maintained a policy of military non-alignment for over 200 years before applying for NATO membership in May 2022 following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine; before then, Stockholm joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and contributed to NATO-led missions, including those in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo; the military cooperates closely with the forces of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO; established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; Sweden is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) and contributes to CSDP missions and operations, including EU battlegroups; it also participates in UN-led missions; Sweden has close bilateral security relations with some NATO member states, particularly Finland, the UK, and the US<br><br>the military is headed by the Supreme Commander, who leads and supervises the force through Armed Forces Headquarters, which is the highest level of command and control of the military; the Army’s principal active combat arms units are more than a dozen battalions of armor, artillery, reconnaissance, security, and infantry forces, which include airborne/rangers, light, mechanized, and motorized infantry; in a crisis, the battalions would be filled out by reservists and formed into battlegroups/task forces and brigades; they are backed up by 40 Home Guard battalions comprised of locally based rapid-response units with mostly part-time but experienced soldiers; the Navy is organized into flotillas and an amphibious/naval infantry battalion; its principal warships are seven corvettes and four attack submarines; other combat vessels include patrol boats, fast attack craft, and minesweepers; all of the Navy’s warships are produced by Sweden; the Swedish Air Force has about 70 Swedish-made multirole fighter aircraft organized into wings with an additional 60 on order; the military also has a joint service special operations group directly under the Supreme Commander (2023)"
"text": "the Swedish military is responsible for the defense of the country and its territories against armed attack, supporting Sweden’s national security interests, providing societal support, such as humanitarian aid, and contributing to international peacekeeping and peacemaking operations; it has a relatively small active duty force that is designed to be rapidly mobilized in a crisis; it is equipped with modern, mostly Swedish-made weapons, exercises regularly, and is backed up by a trained reserve and a Home Guard; the military’s main focus is maintaining itself as a credible and visible deterrent through training and exercises, sustaining high levels of readiness, cooperating and collaborating with both domestic and foreign partners<br><br>Sweden maintained a policy of military non-alignment for over 200 years before applying for NATO membership in May 2022 following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine; it became a NATO member in March of 2024; before then, Stockholm joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and contributed to NATO-led missions, including those in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo; the military cooperates closely with the forces of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO; established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; areas of cooperation include armaments, education, human resources, training and exercises, and operations; Sweden is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) and contributes to CSDP missions and operations, including EU battlegroups; it also participates in UN-led missions; Sweden has close bilateral security relations with some NATO member states, particularly Finland, the UK, and the US<br><br>the military is headed by the Supreme Commander, who leads and supervises the force through Armed Forces Headquarters, which is the highest level of command and control of the military; the Army’s principal active combat arms units are more than a dozen battalions of armor, artillery, reconnaissance, security, and infantry forces, which include airborne/rangers, light, mechanized, and motorized infantry; in a crisis, the battalions would be filled out by reservists and formed into battlegroups/task forces and brigades; they are backed up by 40 Home Guard battalions comprised of locally based rapid-response units with mostly part-time but experienced soldiers; the Navy is organized into flotillas and an amphibious/naval infantry battalion; its principal warships are seven corvettes and four attack submarines; other combat vessels include patrol boats, fast attack craft, and minesweepers; all of the Navy’s warships are produced by Sweden; the Swedish Air Force has about 70 Swedish-made multirole fighter aircraft organized into wings with an additional 60 on order; the military also has a joint service special operations group directly under the Supreme Commander (2024)"
}
},
"Space": {

26
middle-east/ae.json
View file

@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
}
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Muslim (official) 76%, Christian 9%, other (primarily Hindu and Buddhist, less than 5% of the population consists of Parsi, Baha'i, Druze, Sikh, Ahmadi, Ismaili, Dawoodi Bohra Muslim, and Jewish) 15% (2005 est.)",
"text": "Muslim 74.5% (official) (Sunni 63.3%, Shia 6.7%, other 4.4%), Christian 12.9%, Hindu 6.2%, Buddhist 3.2%, agnostic 1.3%, other 1.9% (2020 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note</strong><strong>:</strong> data represent the total population; as of 2020, immigrants make up about 88.1% of the total population, according to UN data"
},
"Age structure": {
@ -634,18 +634,18 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economic overview": {
"text": "historically oil-driven Middle Eastern economy; diversifying into a trade-oriented logistics and supply chain leader; weak domestic business growth; declining real estate sector; new Israeli technology trade improving resilience; key aid donor"
"text": "historically oil-driven Middle Eastern economy; diversifying into a trade-oriented logistics and supply chain leader; strong foreign direct investment orientation; building trade and investment ties through partnership agreements; growing banking sector; recent economic linkages with Israel slowing due to Gaza conflict"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$707.3 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$653.067 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$628.455 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$661.233 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
@ -660,14 +660,14 @@
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$74,900 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$69,700 (2021 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$67,700 (2020 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$71,800 (2019 est.)"
}
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
@ -728,7 +728,7 @@
}
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "dates, cucumbers, tomatoes, goat meat, eggs, milk, poultry, carrots/turnips, goat milk, sheep milk"
"text": "eggs, dates, cucumbers, camel milk, goat milk, tomatoes, goat meat, milk, poultry, camel meat"
},
"Industries": {
"text": "petroleum and petrochemicals; fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizer, commercial ship repair, construction materials, handicrafts, textiles"
@ -832,10 +832,10 @@
}
},
"Exports - partners": {
"text": "India 14%, Japan 8%, China 8%, Saudi Arabia 8%, Iraq 5% (2021)"
"text": "India 13%, Japan 10%, China 8%, Saudi Arabia 7%, Iraq 5% (2022)"
},
"Exports - commodities": {
"text": "crude petroleum, refined petroleum, gold, broadcasting equipment, diamonds, natural gas, jewelry, aluminum (2021)"
"text": "crude and refined petroleum, gold, broadcasting equipment, natural gas, diamonds (2022)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2020": {
@ -849,10 +849,10 @@
}
},
"Imports - partners": {
"text": "China 17%, India 9%, United States 6%, Saudi Arabia 5%, Germany 3% (2021)"
"text": "China 18%, India 10%, United States 6%, United Kingdom 4%, Saudi Arabia 3% (2022)"
},
"Imports - commodities": {
"text": "gold, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum, diamonds, cars, jewelry, computers (2021)"
"text": "gold, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum, diamonds, cars (2022)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {

4
middle-east/ba.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>In 1783, the Sunni Al-KHALIFA family took power in Bahrain. In order to secure these holdings, it entered into a series of treaties with the UK during the 19th century that made Bahrain a British protectorate. The archipelago attained its independence in 1971. A steady decline in oil production and reserves since 1970 prompted Bahrain to take steps to diversify its economy, in the process developing petroleum processing and refining, aluminum production, and hospitality and retail sectors. It has also endeavored to become a leading regional banking center, especially with respect to Islamic finance. Bahrain's small size, central location among Gulf countries, economic dependence on Saudi Arabia, and proximity to Iran require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Its foreign policy activities usually fall in line with Saudi Arabia and the UAE. In 2022, the United States designated Bahrain as a major non-NATO ally.</p> <p>The Sunni royal family has long struggled to manage relations with its large Shia-majority population. In early 2011, amid Arab uprisings elsewhere in the region, the Bahraini Government confronted similar pro-democracy and reform protests at home with police and military action, including deploying Gulf Cooperation Council security forces to Bahrain. Failed political talks prompted opposition political societies to boycott 2014 legislative and municipal council elections. In 2018, a law preventing members of political societies dissolved by the courts from participating in elections effectively sidelined the majority of opposition figures from taking part in national elections. As a result, most members of parliament are independents. Ongoing dissatisfaction with the political status quo continues to factor into sporadic clashes between demonstrators and security forces. On 15 September 2020, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates signed peace agreements (the Abraham Accords) with Israel – brokered by the US – in Washington DC. Bahrain and the UAE thus became the third and fourth Middle Eastern countries, along with Egypt and Jordan, to recognize Israel.</p>"
"text": "<p>In 1783, the Sunni Al-KHALIFA family took power in Bahrain. In order to secure these holdings, it entered into a series of treaties with the UK during the 19th century that made Bahrain a British protectorate. The archipelago attained its independence in 1971. A steady decline in oil production and reserves since 1970 prompted Bahrain to take steps to diversify its economy, in the process developing petroleum processing and refining, aluminum production, and hospitality and retail sectors. It has also endeavored to become a leading regional banking center, especially with respect to Islamic finance. Bahrain's small size, central location among Gulf countries, economic dependence on Saudi Arabia, and proximity to Iran require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Its foreign policy activities usually fall in line with Saudi Arabia and the UAE. In 2022, the United States designated Bahrain as a major non-NATO ally.</p> <p>The Sunni royal family has long struggled to manage relations with its Shia-majority population. In early 2011, amid Arab uprisings elsewhere in the region, the Bahraini Government confronted similar pro-democracy and reform protests at home with police and military action, including deploying Gulf Cooperation Council security forces to Bahrain. Failed political talks prompted opposition political societies to boycott 2014 legislative and municipal council elections. In 2018, a law preventing members of political societies dissolved by the courts from participating in elections effectively sidelined the majority of opposition figures from taking part in national elections. As a result, most members of parliament are independents. Ongoing dissatisfaction with the political status quo continues to factor into sporadic clashes between demonstrators and security forces. On 15 September 2020, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates signed peace agreements (the Abraham Accords) with Israel – brokered by the United States – in Washington DC. In 2023, Bahrain and the United States signed the Comprehensive Security Integration and Prosperity Agreement to enhance cooperation across a wide range of areas, from defense and security to emerging technology, trade, and investment.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -528,7 +528,7 @@
"text": "King HAMAD bin Isa Al-Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad Al-Khalifa (born 21 October 1969)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad Al-Khalifa (since 11 November 2020); Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Infrastructure KHALID bin Abdallah Al Khalifa (since 13 June 2022)"
"text": "Prime Minister Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad Al-Khalifa (since 11 November 2020); Deputy Prime Minister KHALID bin Abdallah Al Khalifa (since May 2011)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the monarch"

2
middle-east/gz.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>The Gaza Strip has been under the de facto governing authority of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) since 2007, and has faced years of conflict, poverty, and humanitarian crises. Inhabited since at least the 15th century B.C., the Gaza Strip area has been dominated by many different peoples and empires throughout its history; it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in the early 16th century. The Gaza Strip fell to British forces during World War I, becoming a part of the British Mandate of Palestine. Following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Egypt administered the newly formed Gaza Strip; Israel captured it in the Six-Day War in 1967. Under a series of agreements known as the Oslo Accords signed between 1993 and 1999, Israel transferred to the newly-created Palestinian Authority (PA) security and civilian responsibility for many Palestinian-populated areas of the Gaza Strip as well as the West Bank.</p> <p>In 2000, a violent intifada or uprising began in response to perceived Israeli provocations, and in 2001 negotiations to determine the permanent status of the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and Gaza Strip stalled. Subsequent attempts to re-start negotiations have not resulted in progress toward determining final status and resolving of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Israel in late 2005 unilaterally withdrew all of its settlers and soldiers and dismantled its military facilities in the Gaza Strip, but it continues to control the Gaza Strip’s land borders, maritime territorial waters, cyberspace, telecommunications, and airspace. In early 2006, Hamas won a majority in the Palestinian Legislative Council election. Fatah, the dominant Palestinian political faction in the West Bank, and Hamas failed to maintain a unity government, leading to violent clashes between their respective supporters and Hamas's violent seizure of all PA military and governmental institutions in the Gaza Strip in June 2007. Since Hamas's takeover, Israel and Egypt have enforced tight restrictions on movement and access of goods and individuals into and out of the territory. Fatah and HAMAS have since negotiated a series of agreements aimed at restoring political unity between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank but have struggled to enact them.</p> Palestinian militants in the Gaza Strip and the Israel Defense Forces periodically exchange projectiles and air strikes, respectively, threatening broader conflict. In May 2021, Hamas launched rockets at Israel, sparking an 11-day conflict that also involved other Gaza-based militant groups. Egypt, Qatar, and the UN Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process negotiated ceasefires, averting a broader conflict. Since 2018, Hamas has also coordinated demonstrations along the Gaza-Israel security fence. Many of these protests have turned violent, resulting in several Israeli soldiers’ deaths and injuries as well as more than 200 Palestinian deaths and thousands of injuries, most of which occurred during weekly March of Return protests from 2018 to the end of 2019. Hamas has also stood by while other militant groups, such as Palestinian Islamic Jihad, fought brief conflicts with Israel, most recently in August 2022 and May 2023.<br><br>On 7 October 2023, Hamas militants inside the Gaza Strip launched a combined unguided rocket and ground attack into Israel. The attack began with a barrage of more than 3,000 rockets fired toward Israel from Gaza, and included thousands of terrorists infiltrating Israel by land, sea, and air via paragliders.  Militants attacked military bases, clashed with security forces mostly in southern Israel, and simultaneously infiltrated civilian communities.  During the attack, terrorists carried out massacres and murdered civilians, including torture, acts of abuse and rape, a massacre at the Supernova music festival near Kibbutz Re'im, as well as kidnapping approximately 240 civilians, including men, women, children, and soldiers. These attacks were followed soon after by Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) air strikes inside Gaza. The following day, Israeli Prime Minister NETANYAHU formally declared war on Gaza. The IDF, on 28 October, launched a large-scale ground assault inside Gaza that is ongoing as of January 2024. "
"text": "<p>The Gaza Strip has been under the de facto governing authority of the Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) since 2007, and has faced years of conflict, poverty, and humanitarian crises. Inhabited since at least the 15th century B.C., the Gaza Strip area has been dominated by many different peoples and empires throughout its history; it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in the early 16th century. The Gaza Strip fell to British forces during World War I, becoming a part of the British Mandate of Palestine. Following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Egypt administered the newly formed Gaza Strip; Israel captured it in the Six-Day War in 1967. Under a series of agreements known as the Oslo Accords signed between 1993 and 1999, Israel transferred to the newly-created Palestinian Authority (PA) security and civilian responsibility for many Palestinian-populated areas of the Gaza Strip as well as the West Bank.</p> <p>In 2000, a violent intifada or uprising began in response to perceived Israeli provocations, and in 2001 negotiations to determine the permanent status of the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and Gaza Strip stalled. Subsequent attempts to re-start negotiations have not resulted in progress toward determining final status and resolving of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Israel in late 2005 unilaterally withdrew all of its settlers and soldiers and dismantled its military facilities in the Gaza Strip, but it continues to control the Gaza Strip’s land borders, maritime territorial waters, cyberspace, telecommunications, and airspace. In early 2006, HAMAS won a majority in the Palestinian Legislative Council election. Fatah, the dominant Palestinian political faction in the West Bank, and HAMAS failed to maintain a unity government, leading to violent clashes between their respective supporters and HAMAS's violent seizure of all PA military and governmental institutions in the Gaza Strip in June 2007. Since HAMAS's takeover, Israel and Egypt have enforced tight restrictions on movement and access of goods and individuals into and out of the territory. Fatah and HAMAS have since negotiated a series of agreements aimed at restoring political unity between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank but have struggled to enact them.</p> Palestinian militants in the Gaza Strip and the Israel Defense Forces periodically exchange projectiles and air strikes, respectively, threatening broader conflict. In May 2021, HAMAS launched rockets into Israel, sparking an 11-day conflict that also involved other Gaza-based militant groups. Egypt, Qatar, and the UN Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process negotiated ceasefires, averting a broader conflict. Since 2018, HAMAS has also coordinated demonstrations along the Gaza-Israel security fence. Many of these protests have turned violent, resulting in several Israeli soldiers’ deaths and injuries as well as more than 200 Palestinian deaths and thousands of injuries, most of which occurred during weekly March of Return protests from 2018 to the end of 2019. HAMAS has also stood by while other militant groups, such as Palestinian Islamic Jihad, fought brief conflicts with Israel, most recently in August 2022 and May 2023.<br><br>On 7 October 2023, HAMAS militants inside the Gaza Strip launched a combined unguided rocket and ground attack into Israel. The attack began with a barrage of more than 3,000 rockets fired toward Israel from Gaza, and included thousands of terrorists infiltrating Israel by land, sea, and air via paragliders.  Militants attacked military bases, clashed with security forces mostly in southern Israel, and simultaneously infiltrated civilian communities.  During the attack, terrorists carried out massacres and murdered civilians, including torture, acts of abuse and rape, a massacre at the Supernova music festival near Kibbutz Re'im, as well as kidnapping approximately 240 civilians, including men, women, children, and soldiers. These attacks were followed soon after by Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) air strikes inside Gaza. The following day, Israeli Prime Minister NETANYAHU formally declared war on Gaza. The IDF, on 28 October, launched a large-scale ground assault inside Gaza that is ongoing as of March 2024. "
}
},
"Geography": {

2
middle-east/ir.json
View file

@ -593,7 +593,7 @@
"text": "first round held on 1 March 2024 for 245 seats; second round for 45 remaining seats to be held in May (next full Majles election to be held in 2028)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by coalition (first round) - NA; seats by coalition (first round) - conservatives and hardliners 200, other 45; composition - NA"
"text": "percent of vote by coalition in first round - NA; seats by coalition in first round - conservatives and hardliners 200, other 45; composition - NA"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {

36
middle-east/qa.json
View file

@ -634,18 +634,18 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economic overview": {
"text": "high-income, oil-and-gas-based Middle Eastern economy; better regional integration after 2021 terrorism resolution; sports-led infrastructure investments; Islamic finance leader; citizenship-based labor force growth"
"text": "high-income, oil-and-gas-based Middle Eastern economy; National Vision 2030 government strategy for economic development, diversification, favorable business conditions to grow investment and employment; infrastructure investments; Islamic finance leader; citizenship-based labor force growth"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$260.2 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$249.636 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$245.727 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$255.01 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
@ -660,15 +660,15 @@
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$96,600 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$92,900 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$89,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$90,800 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
@ -729,7 +729,7 @@
}
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "tomatoes, dates, camel milk, sheep milk, goat milk, pumpkins/gourds, mutton, poultry, milk, eggplants"
"text": "eggs, tomatoes, dates, poultry, cucumbers, camel milk, sheep milk, goat milk, pumpkins/gourds, poultry"
},
"Industries": {
"text": "liquefied natural gas, crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizer, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship repair"
@ -834,38 +834,38 @@
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$161.693 billion (2022 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$105.549 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$70.933 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$92.046 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
},
"Exports - partners": {
"text": "China 13%, Japan 11%, India 11%, South Korea 10%, Singapore 6% (2021)"
"text": "China 18%, India 15%, Japan 10%, South Korea 9%, United Kingdom 6% (2022)"
},
"Exports - commodities": {
"text": "natural gas, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, ethylene polymers, fertilizers (2021)"
"text": "natural gas, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, fertilizers, ethylene polymers (2022)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$74.52 billion (2022 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$61.204 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$59.065 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$66.77 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
}
},
"Imports - partners": {
"text": "China 14%, United Arab Emirates 8%, United States 7%, United Kingdom 6%, India 6% (2021)"
"text": "United Arab Emirates 13%, China 11%, United States 10%, United Kingdom 8%, India 5% (2022)"
},
"Imports - commodities": {
"text": "cars, gas turbines, jewelry, broadcasting equipment, gold (2021)"
"text": "gas turbines, jewelry, cars, aircraft, broadcasting equipment (2022)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {

22
middle-east/tu.json
View file

@ -607,7 +607,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Hasan Murat MERCAN (since 20 April 2021)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Halime Digdem BUNER (since 13 January 2024)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2525 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"
@ -619,7 +619,7 @@
"text": "[1] (202) 612-6744"
},
"email address and website": {
"text": "<br>embassy.washingtondc@mfa.gov.tr<br><br>http://washington.emb.mfa.gov.tr/Mission"
"text": "<br>embassy.washingtondc@mfa.gov.tr<br><br>T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı - Turkish Embassy In Washington, D.C. (mfa.gov.tr)"
},
"consulate(s) general": {
"text": "Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York"
@ -677,7 +677,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economic overview": {
"text": "<p>upper middle-income, diversified Middle Eastern economy; economic instability from 2016 attempted coup and 2018 currency recession; increasing poverty and unemployment; endemic corruption; large agriculture labor force</p>"
"text": "upper middle-income, diversified Middle Eastern economy; heightened inflation and currency depreciation triggered by expansionary monetary and fiscal policy ahead of 2023 elections, now being reversed; industrializing economy that maintains large agricultural base"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
@ -772,7 +772,7 @@
}
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "milk, wheat, sugar beet, tomatoes, barley, maize, potatoes, grapes, watermelons, apples"
"text": "eggs, milk, wheat, sugar beets, tomatoes, barley, maize, potatoes, apples, grapes"
},
"Industries": {
"text": "textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper"
@ -882,7 +882,7 @@
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$350.004 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$343.688 billion (2022 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$282.851 billion (2021 est.)"
@ -893,14 +893,14 @@
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
"text": "Germany 8%, United States 6%, United Kingdom 6%, Italy 5%, Iraq 5% (2021)"
"text": "Germany 8%, United States 7%, United Kingdom 5%, Iraq 5%, Italy 5% (2022)"
},
"Exports - commodities": {
"text": "cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, delivery trucks, jewelry, clothing and apparel (2019)"
"text": "refined petroleum, cars, jewelry, motor vehicle parts/accessories, delivery trucks (2022)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$386.305 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$383.5 billion (2022 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$285.578 billion (2021 est.)"
@ -911,10 +911,10 @@
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
"text": "China 13%, Germany 10%, Russia 8%, United States 5%, Italy 5% (2021)"
"text": "China 13%, Germany 9%, Russia 8%, United States 5%, Italy 5% (2022)"
},
"Imports - commodities": {
"text": "gold, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, vehicle parts, scrap iron (2019)"
"text": "gold, refined petroleum, scrap iron, cars, natural gas (2022)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {
@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Turkey-Armenia</em>: in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered;  in early 2022, the two countries held talks twice aimed at normalizing relations, which could lead to the opening of their land border, shut since 1993; in 2000, Turkish authorities complained to UNESCO that blasting from quarries in Armenia was damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley</p> <p><em>Turkey-Azerbaijan</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Turkey-Bulgaria</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Turkey-Cyprus</em>: status of northern Cyprus question remains</p> <p><em>Turkey-Georgia</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Turkey-Greece</em>: complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea, including rights to explore oil and gas reserves in the eastern Mediterranean and illegal migrants transiting from Turkey into Greece; the Aegean Maritime Boundary is complicated by the close proximity of Greek islands to the western shores of the Turkish Anatolian peninsula, representing the primary source of conflict between the two countries</p> <p><em>Turkey-Iran</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Turkey-Iraq</em>: Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq</p> <p><em>Turkey-Syria</em>: Turkey completed building a wall along its border with Syria in 2018 to prevent illegal border crossings and smuggling</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Turkey-Armenia</em>: in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered;  in early 2022, the two countries held talks twice aimed at normalizing relations, which could lead to the opening of their land border, shut since 1993; in 2000, Turkish authorities complained to UNESCO that blasting from quarries in Armenia was damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley</p> <p><em>Turkey-Azerbaijan</em>: none identified; as of 2023, Turkey and Armenia were discussing normalizing relations</p> <p><em>Turkey-Bulgaria</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Turkey-Cyprus</em>: status of northern Cyprus question remains</p> <p><em>Turkey-Georgia</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Turkey-Greece</em>: complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea, including rights to explore oil and gas reserves in the eastern Mediterranean and illegal migrants transiting from Turkey into Greece; the Aegean Maritime Boundary is complicated by the close proximity of Greek islands to the western shores of the Turkish Anatolian peninsula, representing the primary source of conflict between the two countries</p> <p><em>Turkey-Iran</em>: none identified</p> <p><em>Turkey-Iraq</em>: Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq</p> <p><em>Turkey-Syria</em>: Turkey completed building a wall along its border with Syria in 2018 to prevent illegal border crossings and smuggling</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

2
middle-east/we.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>The landlocked West Bank - the larger of the two Palestinian territories - is home to some three million Palestinians. Inhabited since at least the 15th century B.C., the lands of the area currently within the West Bank haves been dominated by a succession of different powers throughout its history. In the more recent history, it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in the early 16th century. The area of the West Bank fell to British forces during World War I, becoming part of the British Mandate of Palestine. Following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the West Bank was captured by Transjordan (later renamed Jordan), which annexed the West Bank in 1950; it was captured by Israel in the Six-Day War in 1967. Under a series of agreements known as the Oslo Accords signed between 1993 and 1999, Israel transferred to the newly created Palestinian Authority (PA) security and civilian responsibility for the main many Palestinian-populated areas of the West Bank as well as the Gaza Strip.</p> <p>In addition to establishing the PA as an interim government, the Oslo Accords divided the West Bank into three areas with one fully managed by the PA (Area A), another fully administered by Israel (Area C), and a third with shared control (Area B) until a permanent agreement could be reached between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and Israel. In 2000, a violent intifada or uprising began across the Palestinian territories, and in 2001 negotiations for a permanent agreement between the PLO and Israel on final status issues stalled. Subsequent attempts to re-start direct negotiations have not resulted in progress toward determining final status of the area. </p> <p>The PA last held national elections in 2006, when the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) won a majority of seats in the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC). Fatah, the dominant Palestinian political faction in the West Bank, and Hamas failed to maintain a unity government, leading to violent clashes between their respective supporters and to Hamas’s violent seizure of all PA military and governmental institutions in the Gaza Strip in June 2007. In December 2018, the Palestinian Constitutional Court dissolved the PLC. In recent years, Fatah and Hamas have made several attempts at reconciliation, but the factions have been unable to implement agreements. </p> <p>Since 1994, the PA has administered parts of the West Bank under its control, mainly the major Palestinian population centers and areas immediately surrounding them (Area A). Roughly 60% of the West Bank (Area C) remains under full Israeli civil and military control, impeding Palestinian movement and trade of people and goods throughout the territory.  </p>"
"text": "<p>The landlocked West Bank - the larger of the two Palestinian territories - is home to some three million Palestinians. Inhabited since at least the 15th century B.C., the lands of the area currently within the West Bank haves been dominated by a succession of different powers throughout its history. In the more recent history, it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in the early 16th century. The area of the West Bank fell to British forces during World War I, becoming part of the British Mandate of Palestine. Following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the West Bank was captured by Transjordan (later renamed Jordan), which annexed the West Bank in 1950; it was captured by Israel in the Six-Day War in 1967. Under a series of agreements known as the Oslo Accords signed between 1993 and 1999, Israel transferred to the newly created Palestinian Authority (PA) security and civilian responsibility for the main many Palestinian-populated areas of the West Bank as well as the Gaza Strip.</p> <p>In addition to establishing the PA as an interim government, the Oslo Accords divided the West Bank into three areas with one fully managed by the PA (Area A), another fully administered by Israel (Area C), and a third with shared control (Area B) until a permanent agreement could be reached between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and Israel. In 2000, a violent intifada or uprising began across the Palestinian territories, and in 2001 negotiations for a permanent agreement between the PLO and Israel on final status issues stalled. Subsequent attempts to re-start direct negotiations have not resulted in progress toward determining final status of the area. </p> <p>The PA last held national elections in 2006, when the Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) won a majority of seats in the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC). Fatah, the dominant Palestinian political faction in the West Bank, and HAMAS failed to maintain a unity government, leading to violent clashes between their respective supporters and to HAMAS's violent seizure of all PA military and governmental institutions in the Gaza Strip in June 2007. In December 2018, the Palestinian Constitutional Court dissolved the PLC. In recent years, Fatah and HAMAS have made several attempts at reconciliation, but the factions have been unable to implement agreements. </p> <p>Since 1994, the PA has administered parts of the West Bank under its control, mainly the major Palestinian population centers and areas immediately surrounding them (Area A). Roughly 60% of the West Bank (Area C) remains under full Israeli civil and military control, impeding Palestinian movement and trade of people and goods throughout the territory.  </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {

4
north-america/us.json
View file

@ -608,7 +608,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the US court system consists of the federal court system and the state court systems; although each court system is responsible for hearing certain types of cases, neither is completely independent of the other, and the systems often interact"
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Democratic Party [Jaime HARRISON]<br>Green Party [collective leadership]<br>Libertarian Party [Angela McARDLE]<br>Republican Party [Ronna Romney MCDANIEL]"
"text": "Democratic Party [Jaime HARRISON]<br>Green Party [collective leadership]<br>Libertarian Party [Angela McARDLE]<br>Republican Party [Michael WHATLEY]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), ANZUS, APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAPC, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Quad, SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UN Security Council (permanent), UNTSO, UPU, USMCA, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -1249,7 +1249,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> US military rotational policies affect deployment sizes, and the numbers given may fluctuate; the US deploys ground and air units to select countries for 6-12 month rotational assignments on a continuous basis; in South Korea, for example, the US regularly rotates combat brigades (approximately 3,000 personnel) for 9 months at a time; contingencies also affect US troop deployments; in 2019-2020, the US deployed more than 15,000 additional military personnel to the Middle East for an extended period of time and has sent more than 30,000 reinforcements to Europe in response to the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022; in addition, some overseas US naval bases, such as the headquarters of US Naval Forces Central Command (USNAVCENT) in Manama, Bahrain, are frequented by the crews of US ships on 6-9 month deployments; a US carrier strike group with an air wing and supporting ships typically includes over 6,000 personnel"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the US is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949<br><br>the US military's primary missions are to deter potential enemies, provide for the defense of provide for the defense of the US, the Territories, Commonwealths and possessions, and any areas occupied by the US, and to protect US national interests; it has worldwide responsibilities; the separate services operate jointly under 11 regional- or functionally based joint service \"combatant\" commands: Africa Command; Central Command, Cyber Command, European Command, Indo-Pacific Command, Northern Command, Southern Command, Space Command, Special Operations Command, Strategic Command, and Transportation Command<br><br>Congress officially created the US military in September 1789; the US Army was established in June 1775 as the Continental Army; after the declaration of independence in July 1776, the Continental Army and the militia in the service of Congress became known collectively as the Army of the United States; when Congress ordered the Continental Army to disband in 1784, it retained a small number of personnel that would form the nucleus of the 1st American Regiment for national service formed later that year; both the US Navy and the US Marines were also established in 1775, but the Navy fell into disuse after the Revolutionary War, and was reestablished by Congress in 1794; the first US military unit devoted exclusively to aviation began operations in 1913 as part of the US Army; the Army Air Corps (AAC) was the US military service dedicated to aerial warfare between 1926 and 1941; the AAC became the US Army Air Forces in 1941 and remained as a combat arm of the Army until the establishment of the US Air Force in 1947 (2024)"
"text": "the US is a member of NATO and was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949<br><br>the US military's primary missions are to deter potential enemies, provide for the defense of provide for the defense of the US, the Territories, Commonwealths and possessions, and any areas occupied by the US, and to protect US national interests; it has worldwide responsibilities; the separate services operate jointly under 11 regional- or functionally-based joint service \"combatant\" commands: Africa Command; Central Command, Cyber Command, European Command, Indo-Pacific Command, Northern Command, Southern Command, Space Command, Special Operations Command, Strategic Command, and Transportation Command<br><br>Congress officially created the US military in September 1789; the US Army was established in June 1775 as the Continental Army; after the declaration of independence in July 1776, the Continental Army and the militia in the service of Congress became known collectively as the Army of the United States; when Congress ordered the Continental Army to disband in 1784, it retained a small number of personnel that would form the nucleus of the 1st American Regiment for national service formed later that year; both the US Navy and the US Marines were also established in 1775, but the Navy fell into disuse after the Revolutionary War, and was reestablished by Congress in 1794; the first US military unit devoted exclusively to aviation began operations in 1913 as part of the US Army; the Army Air Corps (AAC) was the US military service dedicated to aerial warfare between 1926 and 1941; the AAC became the US Army Air Forces in 1941 and remained as a combat arm of the Army until the establishment of the US Air Force in 1947 (2024)"
}
},
"Space": {

2
south-america/ar.json
View file

@ -611,7 +611,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Charg&eacute; d&rsquo;Affaires Adri&aacute;n Roberto NADOR (since 7 February 2023)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Adri&aacute;n Roberto NADOR (since 7 December 2023)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009"

14
south-america/bl.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Bolivia, named after independence fighter Simon BOLIVAR, broke away from Spanish rule in 1825. Much of its subsequent history has consisted of a series of coups and countercoups, with the last coup occurring in 1978. Democratic civilian rule was established in 1982, but leaders have faced problems of deep-seated poverty, social unrest, and illegal drug production.</p> <p>In December 2005, Bolivians elected Movement Toward Socialism leader Evo MORALES president - by the widest margin of any leader since the restoration of civilian rule in 1982 - after he ran on a promise to change the country's traditional political class and empower the nation's poor and indigenous majority. In December 2009 and October 2014, President MORALES easily won reelection. His party maintained control of the legislative branch of the government, which has allowed him to continue his \"process of change.\" In February 2016, MORALES narrowly lost a referendum to approve a constitutional amendment that would have allowed him to compete in the 2019 presidential election. However, a 2017 Supreme Court ruling stating that term limits violate human rights provided the justification for MORALES to be chosen by his party to run again in 2019. MORALES attempted to claim victory in the October 2019 election, but widespread allegations of electoral fraud, rising violence, and pressure from the military ultimately forced him to flee the country. An interim government, led by President Jeanine ANEZ Chavez, prepared new elections that took place in October 2020; President Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora took office the following month.</p>"
"text": "<p>Bolivia, named after independence fighter Simón BOLÍVAR, broke away from Spanish rule in 1825. Much of its subsequent history has consisted of a series of coups and countercoups, with the last coup occurring in 1980. Democratic civilian rule was established in 1982, but leaders have faced problems of deep-seated poverty, social unrest, and illegal drug production.</p> <p>In December 2005, Bolivians elected Movement Toward Socialism leader Evo MORALES president - by the widest margin of any leader since the restoration of civilian rule in 1982 - after he ran on a promise to change the country's traditional political class and empower the nation's poor and indigenous majority. In December 2009 and October 2014, President MORALES easily won reelection. His party maintained control of the legislative branch of the government, which has allowed him to continue his \"process of change.\" In February 2016, MORALES narrowly lost a referendum to approve a constitutional amendment that would have allowed him to compete in the 2019 presidential election. However, a 2017 Supreme Court ruling stating that term limits violate human rights provided the justification for MORALES to be chosen by his party to run again in 2019. MORALES attempted to claim victory in the October 2019 election, but widespread allegations of electoral fraud, rising violence, and pressure from the military ultimately forced him to flee the country. An interim government, led by President Jeanine AÑEZ Chávez, prepared new elections that took place in October 2020; President Luis Alberto ARCE Catacora took office the following month.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -122,12 +122,12 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Mestizo (mixed White and Amerindian ancestry) 68%, Indigenous 20%, White 5%, Cholo/Chola 2%, African descent 1%, other 1%, unspecified 3%; 44% of respondents indicated feeling part of some indigenous group, predominantly Quechua or Aymara (2009 est.)",
"text": "Mestizo (mixed White and Amerindian ancestry) 68%, Indigenous 20%, White 5%, Cholo/Chola 2%, African descent 1%, other 1%, unspecified 3%; 44% of respondents indicated feeling part of some Indigenous group, predominantly Quechua or Aymara (2009 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> results among surveys vary based on the wording of the ethnicity question and the available response choices; the 2001 national census did not provide \"Mestizo\" as a response choice, resulting in a much higher proportion of respondents identifying themselves as belonging to one of the available indigenous ethnicity choices; the use of \"Mestizo\" and \"Cholo\" varies among response choices in surveys, with surveys using the terms interchangeably, providing one or the other as a response choice, or providing the two as separate response choices"
},
"Languages": {
"Languages": {
"text": "Spanish (official) 68.1%, Quechua (official) 17.2%, Aymara (official) 10.5%, Guarani (official) 0.6%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.1%; note - Bolivia's 2009 constitution designates Spanish and all indigenous languages as official; 36 indigenous languages are specified, including a few that are extinct (2012 est.)"
"text": "Spanish (official) 68.1%, Quechua (official) 17.2%, Aymara (official) 10.5%, Guarani (official) 0.6%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.1%; note - Bolivia's 2009 constitution designates Spanish and all Indigenous languages as official; 36 Indigenous languages are specified, including a few that are extinct (2012 est.)"
},
"major-language sample(s)": {
"text": "<br>La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
@ -497,7 +497,7 @@
"text": "Bolivia"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "the country is named after Simon BOLIVAR, a 19th-century leader in the South American wars for independence"
"text": "the country is named after Sim&oacute;n BOL&Iacute;VAR, a 19th-century leader in the South American wars for independence"
}
},
"Government type": {
@ -514,7 +514,7 @@
"text": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "La Paz is a shortening of the original name of the city, Nuestra Senora de La Paz (Our Lady of Peace); Sucre is named after Antonio Jose de SUCRE (1795-1830), military hero in the independence struggle from Spain and the second president of Bolivia"
"text": "La Paz is a shortening of the original name of the city, Nuestra Señora de La Paz (Our Lady of Peace); Sucre is named after Antonio José de SUCRE (1795-1830), military hero in the independence struggle from Spain and the second president of Bolivia"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> at approximately 3,630 m above sea level, La Paz's elevation makes it the highest capital city in the world"
},
@ -598,7 +598,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Community Citizen Alliance or ACC [Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert]<br>Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Juan Evo MORALES Ayma]<br>National Unity or UN [Samuel DORIA MEDINA Auza]<br>Revolutionary Left Front or FRI [Edgar GUZMAN Jauregui]<br>Social Democrat Movement or MDS [Ruben COSTAS Aguilera]<br>We Believe or Creemos [Luis Fernando CAMACHO Vaca]",
"text": "Community Citizen Alliance or ACC [Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert]<br>Front for Victory or FPV [Jaime SOLIZ]<br>Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Juan Evo MORALES Ayma]<br>National Unity or UN [Samuel DORIA MEDINA Auza]<br>Revolutionary Left Front or FRI [Edgar GÚZMAN Jáuregui]<br>Revolutionary Nationalist Movement or MNR [Luis Eduardo SILES]<br>Social Democrat Movement or MDS [Ruben COSTAS Aguilera]<br>Third System Movement or MTS [Félix PATZI]<br>We Believe or Creemos [Luis Fernando CAMACHO Vaca]",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> We Believe or Creemos [Luis Fernando CAMACHO Vaca] is a coalition comprised of several opposition parties that participated in the 2020 election, which includes the Christian Democratic Party (PDC) and Solidarity Civic Unity (UCS)"
},
"International organization participation": {
@ -606,7 +606,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Maysa Rossana URENA MENACHO (since 1 September 2022)&nbsp;"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Henry BALDELOMAR CH&Aacute;VEZ (since 11 October 2023)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "3014 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20008"

4
south-america/ci.json
View file

@ -590,7 +590,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Approve Dignity (Apruebo Dignidad) coalition or AD (included PC, FA, and FREVS) (dissolved 2023)<br>Broad Front Coalition (Frente Amplio) or FA (includes RD, CS, and Comunes) [Gonzalo WINTER]<br>Chile We Can Do More (Chile Podemos Más) or ChP+ (coalition includes EVOPOLI, PRI, RN, UDI)<br>Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Alberto UNDURRAGA Vicuña]<br>Common Sense Party or SC [Rodrigo CARAMORI Donoso]<br>Commons (Comunes) [Marco VELARDE Salinas]<br>Communist Party of Chile or PCCh [Lautaro CARMONA Soto]<br>Democratic Revolution or RD [Diego VELA Grau]<br>Democrats or PD [Ximena RINCON González]<br>Equality Party or PI [Iván CARRASCO Mora]<br>Green Ecological Party or PEV [Felix GONZALEZ] (dissolved 7 February 2022)<br>Green Popular Alliance or AVP [Carlos PICHUANTE Verdugo]<br>Humanist Action Party or PAH [Tomás HIRSCH Goldschmidt]<br>Humanist Party or PH [Claudio OJEDA Murillo]<br>Independent Democratic Union or UDI [Javier MACAYA]<br>Liberal Party (Partido Liberal de Chile) or PL [Juan Carlos URZÚA Pettinelli]<br>National Renewal or RN [Rodrigo GALILEA Vial]<br>New Social Pact or NPS [Yasna PROVOSTE] (includes PDC, PL, PPD, PRSD, PS)<br>Party for Democracy or PPD [Jaime QUINTANA Leal]<br>Party of the People or PDG [Luis MORENO Villablanca]<br>Political Evolution or EVOPOLI [Gloria HUTT Hesse]<br>Popular Party or PP [Cristián CUEVAS Zambrano]<br>Progressive Homeland Party or PRO [Ignacio BUSTOS Sáez]<br>Radical Party or PR [Leonardo CUBILLOS Ramírez]<br>Republican Party or PLR [Arturo SQUELLA Ovalle]<br>Social Christian Party or PSC [Sara CONCHA Smith]<br>Social Convergence or CS [Diego IBÁÑEZ Cotroneo]<br>Social Green Regionalist Federation or FREVS [Flavia TORREALBA Diaz]<br>Socialist Party or PS [Paulina VODANOVIC Rojas]<br>Yellow Movement for Chile or AMAR [Andrés JOUANNET Valderrama]"
"text": "Approve Dignity (Apruebo Dignidad) coalition or AD (included PC, FA, and FREVS); note - dissolved 2023<br>Broad Front Coalition (Frente Amplio) or FA (includes RD, CS, and Comunes) [Gonzalo WINTER]<br>Chile We Can Do More (Chile Podemos Más) or ChP+ (coalition includes EVOPOLI, PRI, RN, UDI)<br>Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Alberto UNDURRAGA Vicuña]<br>Common Sense Party or SC [Rodrigo CARAMORI Donoso]<br>Commons (Comunes) [Marco VELARDE Salinas]<br>Communist Party of Chile or PCCh [Lautaro CARMONA Soto]<br>Democratic Revolution or RD [Diego VELA Grau]<br>Democrats or PD [Ximena RINCON González]<br>Equality Party or PI [Iván CARRASCO Mora]<br>Green Ecological Party or PEV [Felix GONZALEZ] (dissolved 7 February 2022)<br>Green Popular Alliance or AVP [Carlos PICHUANTE Verdugo]<br>Humanist Action Party or PAH [Tomás HIRSCH Goldschmidt]<br>Humanist Party or PH [Claudio OJEDA Murillo]<br>Independent Democratic Union or UDI [Javier MACAYA]<br>Liberal Party (Partido Liberal de Chile) or PL [Juan Carlos URZÚA Pettinelli]<br>National Renewal or RN [Rodrigo GALILEA Vial]<br>New Social Pact or NPS [Yasna PROVOSTE] (includes PDC, PL, PPD, PRSD, PS)<br>Party for Democracy or PPD [Jaime QUINTANA Leal]<br>Party of the People or PDG [Luis MORENO Villablanca]<br>Political Evolution or EVOPOLI [Gloria HUTT Hesse]<br>Popular Party or PP [Cristián CUEVAS Zambrano]<br>Progressive Homeland Party or PRO [Ignacio BUSTOS Sáez]<br>Radical Party or PR [Leonardo CUBILLOS Ramírez]<br>Republican Party or PLR [Arturo SQUELLA Ovalle]<br>Social Christian Party or PSC [Sara CONCHA Smith]<br>Social Convergence or CS [Diego IBÁÑEZ Cotroneo]<br>Social Green Regionalist Federation or FREVS [Flavia TORREALBA Diaz]<br>Socialist Party or PS [Paulina VODANOVIC Rojas]<br>Yellow Movement for Chile or AMAR [Andrés JOUANNET Valderrama]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "APEC, BIS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OECD (enhanced engagement), OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance, PCA, PROSUR, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMOGIP, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
@ -1084,7 +1084,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "the market for fixed and mobile telephony is highly competitive and rapidly evolving; the mobile rate is among the highest in South America; LTE infrastructure is extensive and 5G spectrum auctions which took place in February 2021 are expected to prompt the deployment of 5G networks by the end of the year, following extensive trials held by the MNOs; fixed broadband is relatively high for the region, with services among the fastest and least expensive in Latin America; government initiatives such as the National Fiber Optic project and Fibra &Oacute;ptica Austral are providing high-capacity connectivity across the country and will further increase fixed-line broadband; there is a strong focus on fiber broadband, with the number of fiber subscribers having increased 61.7% in 2020, year-on-year; technological improvements have allowed operators to provide a variety of services via their networks, giving rise to a number of bundled packages at competitive prices, including access to video on demand services which in turn is increasing fixed-line broadband; traditional fixed-line teledensity continues to fall as consumers switch to mobile networks and to fixed broadband for voice and data connectivity; more than 8,300 schools receive free broadband as part of the &lsquo;Connectivity for Education 2030&rsquo; project (2021)"
"text": "the market for fixed and mobile telephony is highly competitive and rapidly evolving; the mobile rate is among the highest in South America; LTE infrastructure is extensive and 5G spectrum auctions which took place in February 2021 prompted deployment of 5G networks, following extensive trials held by the MNOs; fixed broadband is relatively high for the region, with services among the fastest and least expensive in Latin America; government initiatives such as the National Fiber Optic project and Fibra &Oacute;ptica Austral are providing high-capacity connectivity across the country and will further increase fixed-line broadband; there is a strong focus on fiber broadband, with the number of fiber subscribers having increased 61.7% in 2020, year-on-year; technological improvements have allowed operators to provide a variety of services via their networks, giving rise to a number of bundled packages at competitive prices, including access to video on demand services which in turn is increasing fixed-line broadband; traditional fixed-line teledensity continues to fall as consumers switch to mobile networks and to fixed broadband for voice and data connectivity; more than 8,300 schools receive free broadband as part of the &lsquo;Connectivity for Education 2030&rsquo; project (2021)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "number of fixed-line connections 13 per 100, mobile-cellular usage continues to increase, reaching 136 telephones per 100 persons (2021)"

2
south-america/co.json
View file

@ -503,7 +503,7 @@
},
"Capital": {
"name": {
"text": "Bogota"
"text": "Bogot&aacute;"
},
"geographic coordinates": {
"text": "4 36 N, 74 05 W"

4
south-america/ec.json
View file

@ -609,10 +609,10 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Maria Soledad PENA PLAZA (since 9 February 2024)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Charg&eacute; d'Affaires Maria Soledad PE&Ntilde;A PLAZA (since 9 February 2024)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2535 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009"
"text": "2535 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009<br><br>Contact – Washington (cancilleria.gob.ec)"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (202) 234-7200"

2
south-america/pa.json
View file

@ -485,7 +485,7 @@
},
"Capital": {
"name": {
"text": "Asuncion"
"text": "Asunci&oacute;n"
},
"geographic coordinates": {
"text": "25 16 S, 57 40 W"

4
south-america/pe.json
View file

@ -597,7 +597,7 @@
"election results": {
"text": "<br><em>2021: </em>Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones (PL) 18.9%, Keiko Sofia FUJIMORI Higuchi (FP) 13.4%, Rafael LOPEZ ALIAGA Cazorla (RP) 11.8%, Hernando DE SOTO Polar (Social Integration Party) 11.6%, Yonhy LESCANO Ancieta (AP) 9.1%, Veronika MENDOZA Frisch (JP) 7.9%, Cesar ACUNA Peralta (APP) 6%, George FORSYTH Sommer (VN) 5.7%, Daniel Belizario URRESTI Elera (PP) 5.6%, other 10%; percent of vote second round - Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones 50.1%, Keiko Sofia FUJIMORI Higuchi 49.9%<br><br><em>2016:</em> Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi (FP) 39.9%, Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard (PPK) 21.1%, Veronika MENDOZA (FA) 18.7%, Alfredo BARNECHEA (AP) 7%, Alan GARCIA (APRA) 5.8%, other 7.5%; percent of vote in second round - Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard 50.1%, Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi 49.9%"
},
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>First Vice President Dina Ercilia BOLUARTE Zegarra assumed the office of the president on 7 December 2022 after President Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones was impeached and arrested; BOLUARTE is the first woman to become president of Peru <br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> Prime Minister Alberto OTAROLA Penaranda (since 21 December 2022) does not exercise executive power; this power rests with the president"
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>First Vice President Dina Ercilia BOLUARTE Zegarra assumed the office of the president on 7 December 2022 after President Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones was impeached and arrested; BOLUARTE is the first woman to become president of Peru <br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> Prime Minister Gustavo ADRIANZÉN (since 6 March 2024) does not exercise executive power; this power rests with the president; on 5 March 2024, Prime Minister Alberto OTÁROLA resigned amid allegations of corruption"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
@ -629,7 +629,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Gustavo Adolfo MEZA-CUADRA Vel&aacute;squez (since 30 June 2023)"
"text": "Ambassador Alfredo Santiago Carlos FERRERO DIEZ CANSECO (since 27 February 2024)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036"

48
south-asia/af.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747. The country served as a buffer between the British and Russian Empires until it won independence from notional British control in 1919. A brief experiment in increased democracy ended in a 1973 coup and a 1978 communist countercoup. The Soviet Union invaded in 1979 to support the tottering Afghan communist regime, touching off a long and destructive war. The USSR withdrew in 1989 under relentless pressure by internationally supported anti-communist mujahidin rebels. A series of subsequent civil wars saw Kabul finally fall in 1996 to the Taliban, a hardline Pakistani-sponsored movement that emerged in 1994 to end the country's civil war and anarchy. Following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, a US, Allied, and anti-Taliban Northern Alliance military action toppled the Taliban for sheltering Usama BIN LADIN.</p> <p>A UN-sponsored Bonn Conference in 2001 established a process for political reconstruction that included the adoption of a new constitution, a presidential election in 2004, and National Assembly elections in 2005. In December 2004, Hamid KARZAI became the first democratically elected president of Afghanistan and was reelected in August 2009. The Taliban conducted an insurgency for two decades against the Afghan Government and international forces from the United States and other countries. In February 2020, the US and the Taliban signed an agreement that led to the withdrawal from Afghanistan of international forces in exchange for commitments on counterterrorism and other assurances. The Taliban seized control of Afghanistan on 15 August 2021. </p>"
"text": "<p>Ahmad Shah DURRANI unified the Pashtun tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747. The country served as a buffer between the British and Russian Empires until it won independence from notional British control in 1919. A brief experiment in increased democracy ended in a 1973 coup and a 1978 communist countercoup. The Soviet Union invaded in 1979 to support the tottering Afghan communist regime, touching off a long and destructive war. The USSR withdrew in 1989 under relentless pressure by internationally supported anti-communist mujahidin rebels. A series of subsequent civil wars saw Kabul finally fall in 1996 to the Taliban, a hardline Pakistani-sponsored movement that emerged in 1994 to end the country's civil war and anarchy. Following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, a US, Allied, and anti-Taliban Northern Alliance military action toppled the Taliban for sheltering Usama BIN LADIN.</p> <p>A UN-sponsored Bonn Conference in 2001 established a process for political reconstruction that included the adoption of a new constitution, a presidential election in 2004, and National Assembly elections in 2005. In December 2004, Hamid KARZAI became the first democratically elected president of Afghanistan and was reelected in August 2009. He was succeeded as president by Ashraf Ghani AHMADZAI in 2014 following a disputed election. The Taliban conducted an insurgency for two decades against the Afghan Government and international forces from the United States and other countries. In February 2020, the US and the Taliban signed an agreement that led to the withdrawal from Afghanistan of international forces in exchange for commitments on counterterrorism and other assurances. The Taliban took over Afghanistan on 15 August 2021.<br><br>The Taliban established an all-male interim leadership structure dominated by Pashtun clerics under the leadership of so-called Amir, Haivatrullah AKHUNDZADA. The Taliban issued numerous edicts that constrained women's mobility, ability to study and work, and severely restricted women and girls' access to education beyond primary school. To date, no country has recognized the Taliban as the government of Afghanistan.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -119,16 +119,16 @@
}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "current, reliable statistical data on ethnicity in Afghanistan are not available; Afghanistan's 2004 Constitution cited Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, Turkman, Baluch, Pachaie, Nuristani, Aymaq, Arab, Qirghiz, Qizilbash, Gujur, and Brahwui ethnicities; Afghanistan has dozens of other small ethnic groups"
"text": "current, reliable statistical data on ethnicity in Afghanistan are not available; Afghanistan's 2004 Constitution cited Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, Turkman, Baluch, Pashaie, Nuristani, Aymaq, Arab, Qirghiz, Qizilbash, Gujur, and Brahwui ethnicities; Afghanistan has dozens of other small ethnic groups"
},
"Languages": {
"Languages": {
"text": "Afghan Persian or Dari (official, lingua franca) 77%, Pashto (official) 48%, Uzbeki 11%, English 6%, Turkmani 3%, Urdu 3%, Pachaie 1%, Nuristani 1%, Arabic 1%, Balochi 1%, other &lt;1% (2020 est.)"
"text": "Afghan Persian or Dari (official, lingua franca) 77%, Pashto (official) 48%, Uzbeki 11%, English 6%, Turkmani 3%, Urdu 3%, Pashaie 1%, Nuristani 1%, Arabic 1%, Balochi 1%, other &lt;1% (2020 est.)"
},
"major-language sample(s)": {
"text": "<br> <p>کتاب حقایق جهان، مرجعی ضروری برای اطلاعات اولیە (Dari)</p> د دنیا د حقائېقو کتاب، بنیادی معلوماتو لپاره ضروری سرچینه- (Pashto)<br><br>The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information."
},
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> percentages sum to more than 100% because many people are multilingual <br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>Uzbeki, Turkmani, Pachaie, Nuristani, Balochi, and Pamiri are the third official languages in areas where the majority speaks them"
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> percentages sum to more than 100% because many people are multilingual <br><br><strong>note 2: </strong>Uzbeki, Turkmani, Pashaie, Nuristani, Balochi, and Pamiri are the third official languages in areas where the majority speaks them"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Muslim 99.7% (Sunni 84.7 - 89.7%, Shia 10 - 15%), other &lt;0.3% (2009 est.)"
@ -485,20 +485,17 @@
"Government": {
"Country name": {
"conventional long form": {
"text": "formerly Islamic Republic of Afghanistan"
"text": "Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (prior to 15 August 2021); current country name disputed"
},
"conventional short form": {
"text": "Afghanistan"
},
"local long form": {
"text": "formerly Jamhuri-ye Islami-ye Afghanistan"
"text": "Jamhuri-ye Islami-ye Afghanistan (prior to 15 August 2021; current country name is disputed)"
},
"local short form": {
"text": "Afghanistan"
},
"former": {
"text": "Islamic Republic of Afghanistan"
},
"etymology": {
"text": "the name \"Afghan\" originally referred to the Pashtun people (today it is understood to include all the country's ethnic groups), while the suffix \"-stan\" means \"place of\" or \"country\"; so Afghanistan literally means the \"Land of the Afghans\""
}
@ -534,11 +531,11 @@
},
"Constitution": {
"history": {
"text": "several previous; latest ratified in 2004, suspended by the Taliban after taking over the country in 2021"
"text": "several previous; latest ratified in 2004, but not currently enforced by the Taliban"
}
},
"Legal system": {
"text": "<p>the Taliban is implementing its own interpretation of Islamic law, which partially based on the Hanifi school of Islamic jurisprudence; before the Taliban takeover, Afghanistan had a mixed legal system of civil, customary, and Islamic law</p> (2021)"
"text": "<p>the Taliban is implementing its own interpretation of Islamic law, which is partially based on the Hanifi school of Islamic jurisprudence and have enforced strict punishments; before the Taliban takeover, Afghanistan had a mixed legal system of civil, customary, and Islamic law</p> (2021)"
},
"International law organization participation": {
"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; formerly accepted ICCt jurisdiction"
@ -562,39 +559,37 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "Overall Taliban Leader HAYBATULLAH Akhundzada serves as the head of the Taliban government as Amir-ul Momineen; note - on 7 September 2021, the Taliban announced Mohammad HASSAN Akhund as the &ldquo;acting prime minister&rdquo; of the \"caretaker government&rdquo;; as of November 2021, the group had announced three \"acting deputy prime ministers&rdquo; - Abdul Ghani BERADER, Abdul Salam HANAFI, and Abdul KABIR"
"text": "overall Taliban Leader HAYBATULLAH Akhundzada serves as the head of the Taliban as Amir-ul Momineen and as such is seen by the Taliban as head of state; he resides and issues decrees from the city of Kandahar while the legacy government ministries operate from Kabul"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Overall Taliban Leader HAYBATULLAH Akhundzada serves as the head of the Taliban Government as Amir-ul Momineen"
"text": "overall Taliban Leader HAYBATULLAH Akhundzada is the [so-called] Amir-ul Momineen of the Taliban and is seen by them as a head of government <p> </p>"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "includes the acting prime minister, acting deputy prime ministers, and 26 ministries"
"text": "<p>the Taliban have announced a “cabinet” for the “caretaker government,” including the “acting prime minister,” “acting deputy prime ministers,” and “ministers” who claim to represent 26 ministries</p>"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the 2004 Afghan constitution directed that the president should be elected by majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 September 2019"
}
"text": "the 2004 Afghan constitution directed that the president should be elected by majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 September 2019, and the Taliban have given no indication that they intend to reinstate elections or any other mechanism of democratic governance"
},
"note": "note 1: the United States has not yet made a decision whether to recognize the Taliban or any other entity as the government of Afghanistan<br>note 2: note - on 7 September 2021, the Taliban announced Mohammad HASSAN Akhund as the “acting prime minister” of the \"caretaker government”; as of November 2021, the group had announced three \"acting deputy prime ministers” - Abdul Ghani BARADER, Abdul Salam HANAFI, and Mohammad Abdul KABIR"
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "the Taliban Government has not announced the formation of a legislative branch; before the 2021 Taliban takeover, Afghanistan had a bicameral National Assembly that consisted of the House of Elders and House of the People"
"text": "before August 2021, Afghanistan had a bicameral National Assembly that consisted of the House of Elders and House of the People; the parliament has been in hiatus since August 2021 and the Taliban have shown no interest in reviving it&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest court(s)": {
"text": "the Taliban Government has a Supreme Court: number of judges and organizational structure NA; note - before 15 August 2021, Afghanistan had a Supreme Court (consisting of a supreme court chief and 8 justices organized into criminal, public security, civil, and commercial divisions)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
"text": "the Taliban Supreme Court judge selection and term of office NA; note - before 15 August 2021, the Supreme Court chief and justices were appointed by the president with the approval of the Wolesi Jirga; court chief and justices served single 10-year terms"
"text": "the Taliban are purported to have appointed clerics, including a \"Chief Justice\", to Afghanistan's Supreme Court"
},
"subordinate courts": {
"text": "the Taliban Government has many provincial-level courts, religious courts, and specialty courts<br>note - before 15 August 2021, consisted of Appeals Courts; Primary Courts; and Special Courts for issues including narcotics, security, property, family, and juveniles"
"text": "provincial courts, religious courts, and specialty courts"
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "the Taliban Government enforces an authoritarian state and has banned other political parties; note - before 15 August 2021, the Ministry of Justice had licensed 72 political parties as of April 2019"
"text": "the Taliban Government enforces an authoritarian state and has banned other political parties; note - before 15 August 2021, the Ministry of Justice had licensed 72 political parties as of April 2019<br><br>the Taliban have banned other political parties but have allowed some party leaders, including the head of Hezb-e-Islami, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, to continue to live and work in Afghanistan; Hekmatyar likely continues to enjoy some political support from loyalists; leaders of other parties, including Jamiat-e-Islami’s Salahuddin Rabbani and Jumbesh’s Rashid Dostum, operate from abroad but likely also command some following within Afghanistan; note - before 15 August 2021, the Ministry of Justice had licensed 72 political parties as of April 2019"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "member of the following organizations but cannot participate because the international community does not recognize the Taliban Government:&nbsp; ADB, CICA, CP, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SAARC, SACEP, SCO (dialogue member), UN, UNAMA, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "Afghanistan is a member of the following organizations but Taliban representatives do not participate: ADB, CICA, CP, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SAARC, SACEP, SCO (dialogue member), UN, UNAMA, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -602,11 +597,8 @@
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "the United States does not maintain a presence in Afghanistan and bases the Department of State's Afghanistan Affairs Unit in Doha, Qatar; note - the US Embassy in Kabul closed in August 2021"
},
"embassy": {
"text": "Embassy Kabul, operations have been suspended; Department of State&rsquo;s Afghanistan Affairs Unit operates from Doha, Qatar."
"text": "the United States does not maintain a presence in Afghanistan and its diplomatic mission to Afghanistan has relocated to Doha, Qatar"
}
},
"Flag description": {

14
south-asia/bg.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>The huge delta region formed at the confluence of the Ganges and Brahmaputra River systems - now referred to as Bangladesh - was a loosely incorporated outpost of various empires centered on the Gangetic plain for much of the first millennium A.D. Muslim conversions and settlement in the region began in the 10th century, primarily from Arab and Persian traders and preachers. Europeans established trading posts in the area in the 16th century. Eventually the area known as Bengal, primarily Hindu in the western section and mostly Muslim in the eastern half, became part of British India. Partition in 1947 resulted in an eastern wing of Pakistan in the Muslim-majority area, which became East Pakistan. Calls for greater autonomy and animosity between the eastern and western wings of Pakistan led to a Bengali independence movement. That movement, led by the Awami League (AL) and supported by India, won the independence war for Bangladesh in 1971.</p> <p>The post-independence AL government faced daunting challenges and in 1975 it was overthrown by the military, triggering a series of military coups that resulted in a military-backed government and subsequent creation of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) in 1978. That government also ended in a coup in 1981, followed by military-backed rule until democratic elections occurred in 1991. The BNP and AL have alternated in power since 1991, with the exception of a military-backed, emergency caretaker regime that suspended parliamentary elections planned for January 2007 in an effort to reform the political system and root out corruption. That government returned the country to fully democratic rule in December 2008 with the election of the AL and Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA. In January 2014, the incumbent AL won the national election by an overwhelming majority after the BNP boycotted the election, which extended HASINA's term as prime minister. In December 2018, HASINA secured a third consecutive term (fourth overall) with the AL coalition securing 96% of available seats, amid widespread claims of election irregularities. With the help of international development assistance, Bangladesh has reduced the poverty rate from over half of the population to less than a third, achieved Millennium Development Goals for maternal and child health, and made great progress in food security since independence. The economy has grown at an annual average of about 6% for the last two decades. In 2021 the UN approved a resolution to allow Bangladesh to officially graduate from least-developed-country (LDC) status in 2026, based on World Bank criteria.</p>"
"text": "<p>The huge delta region formed at the confluence of the Ganges and Brahmaputra River systems - now referred to as Bangladesh - was a loosely incorporated outpost of various empires centered on the Gangetic plain for much of the first millennium A.D. Muslim conversions and settlement in the region began in the 10th century, primarily from Arab and Persian traders and preachers. Europeans established trading posts in the area in the 16th century. Eventually the area known as Bengal, primarily Hindu in the western section and mostly Muslim in the eastern half, became part of British India. Partition in 1947 resulted in an eastern wing of Pakistan in the Muslim-majority area, which became East Pakistan. Calls for greater autonomy and animosity between the eastern and western wings of Pakistan led to a Bengali independence movement. That movement, led by the Awami League (AL) and supported by India, won the independence war for Bangladesh in 1971.</p> <p>The post-independence AL government faced daunting challenges, and in 1975 it was overthrown by the military, triggering a series of military coups that resulted in a military-backed government and subsequent creation of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) in 1978. That government also ended in a coup in 1981, followed by military-backed rule until democratic elections occurred in 1991. The BNP and AL alternated in power from 1991 to 2008, with the exception of a military-backed, emergency caretaker regime that suspended parliamentary elections planned for January 2007 in an effort to reform the political system and root out corruption. That government returned the country to fully democratic rule in December 2008 with the election of the AL and Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA. In January 2014, the incumbent AL won the national election by an overwhelming majority after the BNP boycotted the election, which extended HASINA's term as prime minister. In December 2018, HASINA secured a third consecutive term (fourth overall) with the AL coalition securing 96% of available seats, amid widespread claims of election irregularities. With the help of international development assistance,  Bangladesh is on track to graduate from the UN’s Least Developed Countries (LDC) list in 2026. The economy has grown at an annual average of about 6.25% for the last two decades. Poverty declined from 11.8 percent in 2010 to 5.0 percent in 2022, based on the international poverty line of $2.15 a day (using 2017 Purchasing Power Parity exchange rate). Moreover, human development outcomes improved along many dimensions.  The country made a rapid recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, but faces several economic challenges.</p> <p> </p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Bengali at least 99%, other indigenous ethnic groups 1% (2022 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Bangladesh's government recognizes 27 indigenous ethnic groups under the 2010 Cultural Institution for Small Anthropological Groups Act; other sources estimate there are about 75 ethnic groups; critics of the 2011 census claim that it underestimates the size of Bangladesh's ethnic population"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Bangladesh's government recognizes 27 indigenous ethnic groups under the 2010 Cultural Institution for Small Anthropological Groups Act; other sources estimate there are about 75 ethnic groups"
},
"Languages": {
"Languages": {
@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
}
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Muslim 91, Hindu 8%, other 1% (2022 est.)"
"text": "Muslim 91%, Hindu 8%, other 1% (2022 est.)"
},
"Age structure": {
"0-14 years": {
@ -543,7 +543,7 @@
}
},
"Legal system": {
"text": "mixed legal system of mostly English common law and Islamic law"
"text": "common law; since independence, statutory law enacted by the Parliament of Bangladesh has been the primary form of legislation; Bangladeshi law incorporates elements of English common law; Islamic law applies to Bangladeshi Muslims in family and inheritance laws, with Hindu personal law applying to Bangladeshi Hindus and Buddhists&nbsp;&nbsp;"
},
"International law organization participation": {
"text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction"
@ -579,7 +579,7 @@
"text": "president indirectly elected by the National Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 13 February 2023 (next to be held by 2028); the president appoints as prime minister the majority party leader in the National Parliament"
},
"election results": {
"text": "President Mohammad Shahabuddin CHUPPI (AL) elected unopposed by the National Parliament; Sheikh HASINA reappointed prime minister for a fourth term following the 7 January 2024 parliamentary election"
"text": "President Mohammad Shahabuddin CHUPPI (AL) elected unopposed by the National Parliament; Sheikh HASINA reappointed prime minister for a fifth term following the 7 January 2024 parliamentary election"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -590,7 +590,7 @@
"text": "last held on 7 January 2024 (next to be held in 2029)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party (directly elected) - AL 223, JP 11, other 3, independent 62, vacant 1; composition as of January 2024 - men 279, women 20, percent of women 6.7%"
"text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party as of December 2023 - AL 306, JP 27, BNP 0, other 14, independent 3; approximate composition - men 277, women 73, percent of women 20.9%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -605,7 +605,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Awami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA]<br>Bangladesh Jamaat-i-Islami or JIB [Shafiqur RAHMAN]<br>Bangladesh Kalyan Party or BKP [Syed Muhammad [IBRAHIM] <br>Bangladesh Nationalist Front or BNF [S. M. Abul Kalam AZAD]<br>Bangladesh Nationalist Party or BNP [Tarique RAHMAN, acting chairperson; Begum Khaleda ZIA]<br>Bangladesh Tariqat Federation or BTF [Syed Nozibul Bashar MAIZBHANDARI]<br>Jatiya Party or JP (Ershad faction) [Rowshan ERSHAD]<br>Jatiya Party or JP (Manju faction) [Anwar Hossain MANJU]<br>Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Oli AHMED]<br>National Socialist Party (Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal) or JSD [Hasanul Haque INU]<br>Workers Party or WP [Rashed Khan MENON]"
"text": "<p>Awami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA]<br>Bangladesh Jamaat-i-Islami or JIB [Shafiqur RAHMAN]]<br>Bangladesh Nationalist Party or BNP [Tarique RAHMAN, acting chairperson; Khaleda ZIA]<br>Islami Andolan Bangladesh [Syed Rezaul KARIM]<br>Jatiya Party or JP (Ershad faction) [Ghulam Muhammed QUADER]<br>Jatiya Party or JP (Manju faction) [Anwar Hossain MANJU]<br>National Socialist Party (Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal) or JSD [Hasanul Haque INU]<br>Workers Party or WP [Rashed Khan MENON]</p> <p> </p>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB, ARF, BIMSTEC, C, CD, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

50
south-asia/ce.json
View file

@ -660,18 +660,18 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economic overview": {
"text": "lower middle-income South Asian island economy; extremely high public debts; rapid inflation; facing domestic food, fuel, and medicine shortages; tourism industry disrupted by COVID-19; known garment and commodities exporter; low foreign exchange reserves"
"text": "economic contraction in 2022-23 marked by increased poverty and significant inflation; IMF two-year debt relief program following 2022 sovereign default; structural challenges from non-diversified economy and rigid labor laws; heavy dependence on tourism receipts and remittances"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$270.6 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$296.595 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$287.046 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$297.372 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
@ -686,15 +686,15 @@
}
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$12,200 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$13,400 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$13,100 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$13,600 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
@ -755,10 +755,10 @@
}
},
"Agricultural products": {
"text": "rice, coconuts, sugar cane, plantains, milk, tea, cassava, maize, poultry, coir"
"text": "rice, coconuts, eggs, plantains, tea leaves, sugar cane, milk, cassava, maize, poultry"
},
"Industries": {
"text": "processing of rubber, tea, coconuts, tobacco and other agricultural commodities; telecommunications, insurance, banking; tourism, shipping; clothing, textiles; cement, petroleum refining, information technology services, construction"
"text": "processing of rubber, tea, coconuts, tobacco and other agricultural commodities; tourism; clothing and textiles; mining"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "5.62% (2021 est.)"
@ -861,38 +861,38 @@
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$16.169 billion (2022 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$14.974 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$13.083 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$19.414 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Exports 2018": {
"text": "$20.264 billion (2018 est.)"
}
},
"Exports - partners": {
"text": "United States 24%, India 8%, United Kingdom 7%, Germany 7% (2019)"
"text": "United States 24%, India 8%, United Kingdom 7%, Germany 6%, Italy 4% (2022)"
},
"Exports - commodities": {
"text": "clothing and apparel, tea, used tires, rubber products, precious stones, cinnamon (2019)"
"text": "textiles (knit and non-knit garments); tea; rubber tires; precious stones; cinnamon (2022)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$19.244 billion (2022 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$21.526 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$18.271 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$24.562 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars"
},
"Imports 2018": {
"text": "$26.841 billion (2018 est.)"
}
},
"Imports - partners": {
"text": "India 24%, China 23%, Singapore 7%, United Arab Emirates 6%, Malaysia 5% (2019)"
"text": "India 34%, China 19%, United Arab Emirates 6%, Malaysia 4%, Singapore 4% (2022)"
},
"Imports - commodities": {
"text": "refined petroleum, textiles, gold, cars, broadcasting equipment (2019)"
"text": "refined and crude petroleum; knitted/woven fabrics; special purpose ships; packaged medicine; coal (2022)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2021": {

2
south-asia/in.json
View file

@ -632,7 +632,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Taranjit Singh SANDHU (since 6 February 2020)"
"text": "Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Sripriya RANGANATHAN (since 1 February 2024)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2107 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008; Consular Wing located at 2536 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"

2
south-asia/np.json
View file

@ -583,7 +583,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "<p><br>Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal or FSFN [Upendra YADAV]<br>Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) or CPN-MC [Pushpa Kamal DAHAL]<br>Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) or CPN-UML [Khadga Prasad OLI]<br>Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) or CPN-US [Madhav Kumar NEPAL]<br>Janamat Party [Chandra Kant RAUT]<br>Loktantrik Samajwadi Party [Mahantha THAKUR]<br>Naya Shakti Party, Nepal [Baburam BHATTARAI]<br>Nepali Congress or NC [Sher Bahadur DEUBA]<br>Nepal Mazdoor Kisan Party (Nepal Workers' and Peasants' Party) or NWPP [Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE]<br>People's Socialist Party [Upendra YAKAV]<br>Rastriya Janamorcha (National People's Front) [Chitra Bahadur K.C.]<br>Rastriya Janata Party (National People's Party, Nepal) or RJPN [Mahanta THAKUR]<br>Rastriya Prajatantra Party (National Democratic Party) or RPP [Rajendra Prasad LINGDEN]<br>Rastriya Swatantra Party or RSP [Rabi LAMICHHANE]</p>"
"text": "<p>Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal or FSFN [Upendra YADAV]<br>Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) or CPN-MC [Pushpa Kamal DAHAL]<br>Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) or CPN-UML [Khadga Prasad OLI]<br>Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) or CPN-US [Madhav Kumar NEPAL]<br>Janamat Party [Chandra Kant RAUT]<br>Loktantrik Samajwadi Party [Mahantha THAKUR]<br>Naya Shakti Party, Nepal [Baburam BHATTARAI]<br>Nepali Congress or NC [Sher Bahadur DEUBA]<br>Nepal Mazdoor Kisan Party (Nepal Workers' and Peasants' Party) or NWPP [Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE]<br>People's Socialist Party [Upendra YAKAV]<br>Rastriya Janamorcha (National People's Front) [Chitra Bahadur K.C.]<br>Rastriya Janata Party (National People's Party, Nepal) or RJPN [Mahanta THAKUR]<br>Rastriya Prajatantra Party (National Democratic Party) or RPP [Rajendra Prasad LINGDEN]<br>Rastriya Swatantra Party or RSP [Rabi LAMICHHANE]</p>"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB, BIMSTEC, CD, CP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNSOM, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

8
south-asia/pk.json
View file

@ -581,19 +581,19 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Arif ALVI (since 9 September 2018)"
"text": "President Asif Ali ZARDARI (since 10 March 2024)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Shahbaz SHARIF (since 3 March 2024)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the president upon the advice of the prime minister; caretaker cabinet (since 17 August 2023)"
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the president upon the advice of the prime minister"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president indirectly elected by the Electoral College consisting of members of the Senate, National Assembly, and provincial assemblies for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms); election last held on 4 September 2018 (next to be held by 9 March 2024)"
"text": "president indirectly elected by the Electoral College consisting of members of the Senate, National Assembly, and provincial assemblies for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms); election last held on 9 March 2024 (next to be held in 2029)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em>2024:</em> Shahbaz SHARIF elected prime minister on 3 March 2024; National Assembly vote - Shahbaz SHARIF (PML-N) 201, Omar AYUB (PTI) 92<br><br><em>2018:</em> Arif ALVI elected president; Electoral College vote - Arif ALVI (PTI) 352, Fazl-ur-REHMAN (MMA) 184, Aitzaz AHSAN (PPP) 124; Imran KHAN elected prime minister; National Assembly vote - Imran KHAN (PTI) 176, Shehbaz SHARIF (PML-N) 96<br><br><em>2013:</em> Mamnoon HUSSAIN elected president; National Assembly vote - Mamnoon HUSSAIN (PML-N) 432, Wajihuddin AHMED (PTI) 77"
"text": "<em>2024:</em> Asif Ali ZARDARI elected president; National Assembly vote - Asif Ali ZARDARI (PPP) 411 votes, Mehmood Khan ACHAKZALI (PMAP) -181 votes; Shahbaz SHARIF elected prime minister on 3 March 2024; National Assembly vote - Shahbaz SHARIF (PML-N) 201, Omar AYUB (PTI) 92<br><br><em>2018:</em> Arif ALVI elected president; Electoral College vote - Arif ALVI (PTI) 352, Fazl-ur-REHMAN (MMA) 184, Aitzaz AHSAN (PPP) 124; Imran KHAN elected prime minister; National Assembly vote - Imran KHAN (PTI) 176, Shehbaz SHARIF (PML-N) 96"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {