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},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "22,788 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,272 (Guinea), 6,357 (Cote d'Ivoire), 5,725 (Mauritania) (2023)"
"text": "9,272 (Guinea), 6,357 (Cote d'Ivoire), 5,725 (Mauritania) (2023); 22,805 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

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},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "86,733 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)"
"text": "86,503 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "76,987 (some ethnic Tutsis remain displaced from intercommunal violence that broke out after the 1993 coup and fighting between government forces and rebel groups; violence since April 2015) (2023)"

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},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "33,618 (Central African Republic), 29,200 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers)(2023)"
"text": "33,892 (Central African Republic), 29,465 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "27,000 (multiple civil wars since 1992) (2022)"

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},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "354,139 (Central African Republic), 120,839 (Nigeria) (2023)"
"text": "354,423 (Central African Republic), 120,934 (Nigeria) (2024)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "1.066 million (2023) (includes far north, northwest, and southwest)"

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"text": "Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (official; similar to Swahili) (Comorian)"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Sunni Muslim 98%, other (including Shia Muslim, Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witness, Protestant) 2%",
"text": "Muslim 98.1% (overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim, small Shia Muslim and Ahmadiyya Muslim populations), ethnic religionist 1.1%, Christian 0.6%, other 0.3% (2020 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Sunni Islam is the state religion"
},
"Demographic profile": {

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"text": "French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Christian 89%, Muslim 9%, folk religion 1%, unaffiliated 1% (2020 est.)",
"text": "Christian 89%, Muslim 9%, folk religionist 1%, unaffiliated 1% (2020 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority"
},
"Demographic profile": {

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},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale, formerly the Chamber of Deputies (65 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method; members serve 5-year terms)"
"text": "unicameral National Assembly or Assembl&eacute;e Nationale, formerly the Chamber of Deputies (65 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method; members serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 24 February 2023 (next to be held in February 2028)"
@ -573,7 +573,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Front for Restoration of Unity and Democracy (Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique) or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]<br>National Democratic Party or PND [Aden Robleh AWALEH]<br>People's Rally for Progress or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party)<br>Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Hasna Moumin BAHDON]<br>Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [Ilya Ismail GUEDI Hared]<br>Union for the Presidential Majority coalition or UMP [collective leadership] (electoral coalition includes FRUD, PND, RPP, PPSD, and UPR)<br>Union of Reform Partisans or UPR [Ibrahim Daoud CHEHEM]<br><br><strong>note:</strong> only parties with seats in the National Assembly included"
"text": "Front for Restoration of Unity and Democracy (Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique) or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]<br>National Democratic Party or PND [Abdourahman Mohamed ALLALEH]<br>People's Rally for Progress or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party)<br>Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Hasna Moumin BAHDON]<br>Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [Ilya Ismail GUEDI Hared]<br>Union for the Presidential Majority coalition or UMP [collective leadership] (electoral coalition includes FRUD, PND, RPP, PPSD, and UPR)<br>Union of Reform Partisans or UPR [Ibrahim Daoud CHEHEM]<br><br><strong>note:</strong> only parties with seats in the National Assembly included"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, ATMIS, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"

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},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Ethiopia-Eritrea:</em> Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement<br><br><em>Ethiopia-Somalia:</em> the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden (populated largely by ethnic Somalis) and southern Somalia's Oromo region; the Somalia-based terrorist group al-Shabaab has conducted cross-border assaults into Ethiopia as recently as 2022 <br><br><em>Ethiopia-South Sudan: </em>while border clashes continue in the al-Fashqa (Fashaga) area, the US views the 1902 boundary treaty between Ethiopia and Sudan as being in force<br><br><em>Ethiopia-Sudan:</em> Ethiopia's construction of a large dam (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) on the Blue Nile in northern Ethiopia since 2011 has become a focal point of relations with Egypt and Sudan; Egypt has described the giant hydroelectric project as an existential threat because of its potential to control the flow of the river that is a key source of water for the country; Ethiopia completed filling the dam in 2023</p>"
"text": "<p><em>Ethiopia-Eritrea:</em> Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement<br><br><em>Ethiopia-Kenya:</em> their border was demarcated in the 1950s and approved in 1970; in 2012, Kenya and Ethiopia agreed to redemarcate their boundary following disputes over beacons and cross-border crime; that process is ongoing as of 2023<br><br><em>Ethiopia-Somalia:</em> the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden (populated largely by ethnic Somalis) and southern Somalia's Oromo region; the Somalia-based terrorist group al-Shabaab has conducted cross-border assaults into Ethiopia as recently as 2022 <br><br><em>Ethiopia-South Sudan: </em>while border clashes continue in the al-Fashqa (Fashaga) area, the US views the 1902 boundary treaty between Ethiopia and Sudan as being in force<br><br><em>Ethiopia-Sudan:</em> Ethiopia's construction of a large dam (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) on the Blue Nile in northern Ethiopia since 2011 has become a focal point of relations with Egypt and Sudan; Egypt has described the giant hydroelectric project as an existential threat because of its potential to control the flow of the river that is a key source of water for the country; Ethiopia completed filling the dam in 2023</p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {

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"text": "President Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA (since 1 October 2021); note - on 5 September 2021, Col. Mamady DOUMBOUYA led a military coup in which President CONDE was arrested and detained, the constitution suspended, and the government and People's National Assembly dissolved; on 1 October 2021, DOUMBOUYA was sworn in as transitional president"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Bernard GOMOU (since 20 August 2022); note - GOMOU had been acting prime minister since 16 July 2022, replacing Mohamed BEAVOGUI who stepped down due to health reasons"
"text": "Prime Minister Bernard GOUMOU (since 20 August 2022); note - GOUMOU had been acting prime minister since 16 July 2022, replacing Mohamed BEAVOGUI who stepped down due to health reasons; on 19 February 2024 Guinea's military leaders dissolved the government of Prime Minister Bernard GOUMOU; on 27 February 2024 Guinea's military leaders appointed Mamadou Oury BAH as prime minister"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "formerly the Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - on 5 September 2021, the military arrested and detained the president, suspended the constitution, and dissolved the government and legislature"

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"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Kenya Defense Forces (KDF): Kenya Army, Kenya Navy, Kenya Air Force (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the National Police Service maintains internal security and reports to the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government; it includes a paramilitary General Service Unit and Rapid Deployment Unit<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Kenya Coast Guard Service (established 2018) is under the Ministry of Interior but led by a military officer and comprised of personnel from the military, as well as the National Police Service, intelligence services, and other government agencies"
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the National Police Service maintains internal security and reports to the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government; it includes a paramilitary General Service Unit and Rapid Deployment Unit, as well as a Border Police Unit<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Kenya Coast Guard Service (established 2018) is under the Ministry of Interior but led by a military officer and comprised of personnel from the military, as well as the National Police Service, intelligence services, and other government agencies"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2022": {
@ -1266,11 +1266,11 @@
},
"Transnational Issues": {
"Disputes - international": {
"text": "<p><em>Kenya-Ethiopia</em>: their border was demarcated in the 1950s and approved in 1970; in 2012, Kenya and Ethiopia agreed to redemarcate their boundary following disputes over beacons and cross-border crime</p> <p><em>Kenya-Somalia</em>: the Somali-based terrorist group al-Shabaab has infiltrated the border and conducted attacks in Kenya; clan and militia fighting amongst ethnic Somali peoples separated by the Kenya-Somali border has periodically threatened to spread across the border, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists; in 2021, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) gave Somalia control over a disputed ocean area where the seabeds are believed to hold vasts oil and gas deposits; the ICJ ruling gave Somalia the rights to several offshore oil exploration blocks previously claimed by Kenya; Kenya did not recognize the court’s decision</p> <p><em>Kenya-South Sudan</em>: two thirds of the boundary that separates Kenya and South Sudan's sovereignty known as the Ilemi Triangle has been unclear since British colonial times; Kenya has administered the area since colonial times; officials from Kenya and South Sudan signed a memorandum of understanding on boundary delimitation and demarcation and agreed to set up a joint committee which launched in 2023</p> <p><em>Kenya-Tanzania</em>: maintain good relations and have no border disputes; in 2021 began a joint process to complete a modern, re-demarcation of the border</p> <p><em>Kenya-Uganda:</em> Kenya and Uganda began a joint demarcation of the boundary in 2021; Kenya and Uganda have a small, managed dispute over the small Migingo Island in Lake Victoria, although Kenya has had de facto control since 1926; the dispute has centered on the surrounding waters surrounding the island, which are known for fishing</p> <p> </p>"
"text": "<p><em>Kenya-Ethiopia</em>: their border was demarcated in the 1950s and approved in 1970; in 2012, Kenya and Ethiopia agreed to redemarcate their boundary following disputes over beacons and cross-border crime; that process is ongoing as of 2023</p> <p><em>Kenya-Somalia</em>: the Somali-based terrorist group al-Shabaab has infiltrated the border and conducted attacks in Kenya; clan and militia fighting amongst ethnic Somali peoples separated by the Kenya-Somali border has periodically threatened to spread across the border, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists; in 2021, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) gave Somalia control over a disputed ocean area where the seabeds are believed to hold vasts oil and gas deposits; the ICJ ruling gave Somalia the rights to several offshore oil exploration blocks previously claimed by Kenya; Kenya did not recognize the court’s decision</p> <p><em>Kenya-South Sudan</em>: two thirds of the boundary that separates Kenya and South Sudan's sovereignty known as the Ilemi Triangle has been unclear since British colonial times; Kenya has administered the area since colonial times; officials from Kenya and South Sudan signed a memorandum of understanding on boundary delimitation and demarcation and agreed to set up a joint committee which launched in 2023</p> <p><em>Kenya-Tanzania</em>: maintain good relations and have no border disputes; in 2021 began a joint process to complete a modern, re-demarcation of the border</p> <p><em>Kenya-Uganda:</em> Kenya and Uganda began a joint demarcation of the boundary in 2021; Kenya and Uganda have a small, managed dispute over the small Migingo Island in Lake Victoria, although Kenya has had de facto control since 1926; the dispute has centered on the surrounding waters surrounding the island, which are known for fishing</p> <p> </p>"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "290,635 (Somalia), 170,292 (South Sudan), 35,975 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 21,847 (Ethiopia), 8,719 (Burundi), 5,756 (Sudan) (2023)"
"text": "21,847 (Ethiopia), 8,719 (Burundi), 5,756 (Sudan) (2023); 296,496 (Somalia), 174,467 (South Sudan), 58,576 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2024)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "30,000 (election-related violence, intercommunal violence, resource conflicts, al-Shabaab attacks in 2017 and 2018) (2022)"

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}
},
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "Kpelle 20.3%, Bassa 13.4%, Grebo 10%, Gio 8%, Mano 7.9%, Kru 6%, Lorma 5.1%, Kissi 4.8%, Gola 4.4%, Krahn 4%, Vai 4%, Mandingo 3.2%, Gbandi 3%, Mende 1.3%, Sapo 1.3%, other Liberian 1.7%, other African 1.4%, non-African 0.1% (2008 est.)"
"text": "Kpelle 20.2%, Bassa 13.6%, Grebo 9.9%, Gio 7.9%, Mano 7.2%, Kru 5.5%, Lorma 4.8%, Krahn 4.5%, Kissi, 4.3%, Mandingo 4.2%, Vai 3.8%, Gola 3.8%, Gbandi 2.9%, Mende 1.7%, Sapo 1%, Belle 0.7%, Dey 0.3%, other Liberian ethnic group 0.4%, other African 3%, non-African 0.2% (2022 est.)"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages few of which can be written or used in correspondence"
"text": "English 20% (official) and 27 indigenous languages, including Liberian English (encompassing several varieties of English spoken by Liberians)"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Christian 85.6%, Muslim 12.2%, Traditional 0.6%, other 0.2%, none 1.5% (2008 est.)"
"text": "Christian 84.9%, Muslim 12%, Traditional 0.5%, other 0.1%, none 2.6% (2022 est.)"
},
"Demographic profile": {
"text": "<p>Liberia’s high fertility rate of nearly 5 children per woman and large youth cohort – more than 60% of the population is under the age of 25 as of 2020 – will sustain a high dependency ratio for many years to come. Significant progress has been made in preventing child deaths, despite a lack of health care workers and infrastructure. Infant and child mortality have dropped nearly 70% since 1990; the annual reduction rate of about 5.4% is the highest in Africa.</p> <p>Nevertheless, Liberia’s high maternal mortality rate remains among the world’s worst; it reflects a high unmet need for family planning services, frequency of early childbearing, lack of quality obstetric care, high adolescent fertility, and a low proportion of births attended by a medical professional. Female mortality is also increased by the prevalence of female genital cutting (FGC), which is practiced by 10 of Liberia’s 16 tribes and affects more than two-thirds of women and girls. FGC is an initiation ritual performed in rural bush schools, which teach traditional beliefs on marriage and motherhood and are an obstacle to formal classroom education for Liberian girls.</p> <p>Liberia has been both a source and a destination for refugees. During Liberia’s 14-year civil war (1989-2003), more than 250,000 people became refugees and another half million were internally displaced. Between 2004 and the cessation of refugee status for Liberians in June 2012, the UNHCR helped more than 155,000 Liberians to voluntarily repatriate, while others returned home on their own. Some Liberian refugees spent more than two decades living in other West African countries. Between 2011 and 2022, more than 300,000 Ivoirian refugees in Liberia have been repatriated; as of year-end 2022, less than 2,300 Ivoirian refugees were still living in Liberia.</p>"
@ -580,7 +580,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Jeff Gongoer DOWANA (since 12 December 2022)"
"text": "Ambassador Jeff Gongoer DOWANA, Sr. (since 12 December 2022)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "5201 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011"

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},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "34,159 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) 11,502 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,594 (Rwanda) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)"
"text": "11,502 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers), 6,594 (Rwanda) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023); 34,287 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers)&nbsp;"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

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"text": "Action Party or PA [Mohammed EL IDRISSI]<br>Amal (hope) Party [Mohamed BANI]<br>An-Nahj Ad-Dimocrati or An-Nahj or Democratic Way [Mustapha BRAHMA]<br>Authenticity and Modernity Party or PAM [Abdellatif OUAHBI]<br>Constitutional Union Party or UC [Mohamed JOUDAR]<br>Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Abdessamad ARCHANE]<br>Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Mustapha BENALI]<br>Environment and Sustainable Development Party or PEDD [Karim HRITANE]<br>Federation of the Democratic Left or FGD [Abdesalam EL AZIZ]<br>Green Left Party or PGV [Mohamed FARES]<br>Istiqlal (Independence) Party or PI [Nizar BARAKA]<br>Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [Isaac CHARIA]<br>Moroccan Union for Democracy or UMD [Jamal MANDRI]<br>National Democratic Party [Moussa SAADI]<br>National Rally of Independents or RNI [Aziz AKHANNOUCH]<br>Neo-Democrats Party [Mohamed DARIF]<br>Party of Development Reform or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOHEN]<br>Party of Justice and Development or PJD [Abdelilah BENKIRANE]<br>Party of Liberty and Social Justice or PLJS [Miloud MOUSSAOUI]<br>Party of Progress and Socialism or PPS [Nabil BENABDELLAH]<br>Popular Movement or MP [Mohammed OUZZINE]<br>Renaissance and Virtue Party or PRV [Mohamed KHALIDI]<br>Renaissance Party [Said EL GHENNIOUI]<br>Renewal and Equity Party or PRE [Chakir ACHEHABAR]<br>Shoura (consultation) and Istiqlal Party [Ahmed BELGHAZI]<br>Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Driss LACHGAR]<br>Unified Socialist Party or GSU [Nabila MOUNIB]<br>Unity and Democracy Party [Ahmed FITRI]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AIIB, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

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"text": "Alliance for Justice and Democracy/Movement for Renewal or AJD/MR [Ibrahima Moctar SARR]<br>El Insaf or Equity Party [Mohamed Melainine Ould EYIH]<br>El Islah Party [Mohamed Ould TALEBNA]<br>El Karama Party [Cheikhna Ould Mohamed Ould HAJBOU]<br>El Vadila [Ethmane Ould Cheikh Ahmed Eboul MEALY]<br>FRUD (Republican Front for Unity and Democracy) [Kadiata Malick DIALLO]<br>Mauritanian Party of Union and Change (HATEM) [Saleh Ould HANENNA]<br>National Democratic Alliance or AND [Yacoub Ould MOINE]<br>National Rally for Reform and Development or RNRD or TAWASSOUL [Hamadi Ould Sidi MOKHTAR]<br>Nida El-Watan [Daoud Ould Ahmed AICHA]<br>Party for Conciliation and Prosperity or HIWAR [Valle Mint Mini]<br>Party of the Mauritanian Masses (Hakam) [El Khalil Ould ENNAHOUI]<br>Sawab Party [Ahmed Salem Ould HORMA]<br>Union for Democracy and Progress or UDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS]<br>Union of Planning and Construction (UPC) [Qari Ould Mohamed ABDALLAHI]<br><br><strong>note</strong>: only parties with seats in the National Assembly listed"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AIIB, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

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"text": "registration for military service is mandatory for all men and women at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; 24-month service obligation (2023)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the FADM is responsible for external security, cooperating with police on internal security, and responding to natural disasters and other emergencies; the current primary focus of the FADM is countering an insurgency driven by militants with ties to the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group in the northern province of Cabo Delgado, an area known for rich liquid natural gas deposits; insurgent attacks in the province began in 2017 and the fighting has left over 4,000 estimated dead and nearly 1 million displaced;  several countries from the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) and the EU, as well as Rwanda and the US are providing various forms of military assistance to the FADM; the SADC countries and Zambia have sent more than 3,000 military and security personnel, while some EU member states and the US have provided training assistance<br><br>the FADM’s Army is comprised largely of light infantry supplemented by several battalions of artillery and special forces; the Air Force has small numbers of Soviet-era combat aircraft and helicopters<br><br>in 2023, the Mozambique Government legalized local militias that have been assisting security forces operating in Cabo Delgado against Islamic militants since 2020; this Local Force is comprised of ex-combatants and other civilians and is to receive training, uniforms, weapons, and logistical support from the FADM (2023)"
"text": "the FADM is responsible for external security, cooperating with police on internal security, and responding to natural disasters and other emergencies; the current primary focus of the FADM is countering an insurgency driven by militants with ties to the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) terrorist group in the northern province of Cabo Delgado, an area known for rich liquid natural gas deposits; insurgent attacks in the province began in 2017 and the fighting has left over 4,000 estimated dead and nearly 1 million displaced;  several countries from the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) and the EU, as well as Rwanda and the US are providing various forms of military assistance to the FADM; the SADC countries and Rwanda have sent more than 3,000 military and security personnel, while some EU member states and the US have provided training assistance; in early 2024, the SADC began withdrawing personnel, although the insurgency remained active<br><br>the FADM’s Army is comprised largely of light infantry supplemented by several battalions of artillery and special forces; the Air Force has small numbers of Soviet-era combat aircraft and helicopters<br><br>in 2023, the Mozambique Government legalized local militias that have been assisting security forces operating in Cabo Delgado against Islamic militants since 2020; this Local Force is comprised of ex-combatants and other civilians and is to receive training, uniforms, weapons, and logistical support from the FADM (2023)"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "12,855 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 10,655 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)"
"text": "10,655 (Burundi) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,326 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "850,599 (north Mozambique, violence between the government and an opposition group, violence associated with extremists groups in 2018, political violence 2019) (2023)"

4
africa/ng.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "<p>Present-day Niger originated from the nomadic peoples of the Saharan north and the agriculturalists of the south. The Taureg kingdom of Takedda was one of the largest kingdoms in the north and played a prominent role in regional trade in the 14th century. In the south, the primary ethnic groups were the Songhai-Zarma in the west, the Hausa in the center, and the Kanuri in the east. When European colonizers arrived in the 19th century, the region was an assemblage of disparate local kingdoms.</p> <p>In the late 19th century, the British and French agreed to partition the middle regions of the Niger River, and France began its conquest of what would become the colony of Niger.  France experienced determined local resistance - particularly during the Tuareg uprising (1916-1917) - but established a colonial administration in 1922.</p> <p>After achieving independence from France in 1960, Niger experienced single-party or military rule until 1991 when political pressure forced General Ali SAIBOU to allow multiparty elections. Political infighting and democratic backsliding led to coups in 1996 and 1999. In December of that year, military officers restored democratic rule and held elections that brought Mamadou TANDJA to power. TANDJA was reelected in 2004 and spearheaded a 2009 constitutional amendment allowing him to extend his presidential term. In February 2010, military officers led another coup that deposed TANDJA. ISSOUFOU Mahamadou was elected in April 2011 and reelected in early 2016. In February 2021, BAZOUM Mohamed won the presidential election, marking Niger’s first transition from one democratically elected president to another. Nonetheless, a military junta once again seized power in a late-July 2023 coup, detaining President BAZOUM, and announcing the creation of a National Council for the Safeguarding of the Homeland (CNSP), headed by coup-leader General Abdourahamane TIANI.<br><br>Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world with minimal government services and insufficient funds to develop its resource base. It is ranked last in the world on the UN Development Program's Human Development Index. The largely agrarian and subsistence-based economy is frequently disrupted by extended droughts common to the Sahel region of Africa. The Nigerien Government continues its attempts to diversify the economy through increased oil production and mining projects. In addition, Niger is facing increased security concerns on its borders from various external threats including insecurity in Libya, spillover from the conflict and terrorism in Mali, and violent extremism in northeastern Nigeria.</p>"
"text": "<p>Present-day Niger originated from the nomadic peoples of the Saharan north and the agriculturalists of the south. The Taureg kingdom of Takedda was one of the largest kingdoms in the north and played a prominent role in regional trade in the 14th century. In the south, the primary ethnic groups were the Songhai-Zarma in the west, the Hausa in the center, and the Kanuri in the east. When European colonizers arrived in the 19th century, the region was an assemblage of disparate local kingdoms.</p> <p>In the late 19th century, the British and French agreed to partition the middle regions of the Niger River, and France began its conquest of what would become the colony of Niger.  France experienced determined local resistance - particularly during the Tuareg uprising (1916-1917) - but established a colonial administration in 1922.</p> <p>After achieving independence from France in 1960, Niger experienced single-party or military rule until 1991 when political pressure forced General Ali SAIBOU to allow multiparty elections. Political infighting and democratic backsliding led to coups in 1996 and 1999. In December of that year, military officers restored democratic rule and held elections that brought Mamadou TANDJA to power. TANDJA was reelected in 2004 and spearheaded a 2009 constitutional amendment allowing him to extend his presidential term. In February 2010, military officers led another coup that deposed TANDJA. ISSOUFOU Mahamadou was elected in April 2011 and reelected in early 2016. In February 2021, BAZOUM Mohamed won the presidential election, marking Niger’s first transition from one democratically elected president to another. Nonetheless, a military junta once again seized power in a late-July 2023 coup, detaining President BAZOUM, and announcing the creation of a National Council for the Safeguarding of the Homeland (CNSP), headed by coup-leader General Abdourahamane TIANI.<br><br>Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world with minimal government services and insufficient funds to develop its resource base. It is ranked third to last in the world on the UN Development Program's Human Development Index, as of 2022. The largely agrarian and subsistence-based economy is frequently disrupted by extended droughts common to the Sahel region of Africa. The Nigerien Government continues its attempts to diversify the economy through increased oil production and mining projects. In addition, Niger is facing increased security concerns on its borders from various external threats including insecurity in Libya, spillover from the conflict and terrorism in Mali, and violent extremism in northeastern Nigeria.</p>"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
"text": "Hausa 53.1%, Zarma/Songhai 21.2%, Tuareg 11%, Fulani (Peuhl) 6.5%, Kanuri 5.9%, Gurma 0.8%, Arab 0.4%, Tubu 0.4%, other/unavailable 0.9% (2006 est.)"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "French (official), Hausa, Djerma"
"text": "Hausa, Zarma, French (official), Fufulde, Tamashek, Kanuri, Gurmancema, Tagdal<br><br><strong>note:</strong> represents the most-spoken languages; Niger has 10 national languages: Arabic, Buduma, Fulfuldé, Guimancema, Hausa, Kanuri, Sonay-Zarma, Tamajaq, Tassawaq, and Tubu"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Muslim 99.3%, Christian 0.3%, animist 0.2%, none 0.1% (2012 est.)"

2
africa/od.json
View file

@ -1040,7 +1040,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "254,953 (Sudan) (refugees since 15 April 2023), 13,337 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2023)"
"text": "254,953 (Sudan) (refugees since 15 April 2023), 13,417 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "2.258 million (alleged coup attempt and ethnic conflict beginning in December 2013; information is lacking on those displaced in earlier years by: fighting in Abyei between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) in May 2011; clashes between the SPLA and dissident militia groups in South Sudan; inter-ethnic conflicts over resources and cattle; attacks from the Lord's Resistance Army; floods and drought) (2023)"

2
africa/rw.json
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@ -1206,7 +1206,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "79,575 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 48,486 (Burundi) (2023)"
"text": "79,575 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2023); 48,486 (Burundi) (2024)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "9,500 (2022)"

6
africa/sf.json
View file

@ -607,7 +607,7 @@
"text": "African Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [Kenneth MESHOE]<br>African Independent Congress or AIC [Mandla GALO]<br>African National Congress or ANC [Cyril RAMAPHOSA]<br>African People's Convention or APC [Themba GODI] <br>Agang SA [Andries TLOUAMMA]<br>Congress of the People or COPE [Mosiuoa LEKOTA]<br>Democratic Alliance or DA [John STEENHUISEN]<br>Economic Freedom Fighters or EFF [Julius Sello MALEMA]<br>Freedom Front Plus or FF+ [Pieter GROENEWALD]<br>GOOD [Patricia de LILLE]<br>Inkatha Freedom Party or IFP [Velenkosini HLABISA]<br>National Freedom Party or NFP (vacant)<br>Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania or PAC [Mzwanele NYHONTSO]<br>United Christian Democratic Party or UCDP [Modiri Desmond SEHUME]<br>United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, BIS, BRICS, C, CD, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-24, G-5, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, NSG, OECD (enhanced engagement), OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AIIB, AU, BIS, BRICS, C, CD, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-24, G-5, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, NSG, OECD (enhanced engagement), OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -1269,7 +1269,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in 2020, women comprised about 30% of the military"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "1,150 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); up to 1,500 Mozambique (part of a Southern African Development Community force to help quell an insurgency) (2023)"
"text": "1,150 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); up to 1,500 authorized for Mozambique (part of a Southern African Development Community force to help quell an insurgency) (2023)"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "the SANDF’s primary responsibilities include territorial and maritime defense, supporting the Police Service, protecting key infrastructure, and participating in international peacekeeping missions; the SANDF traditionally has been one of Africa’s most capable militaries, but in recent years its operational readiness and modernization programs have been hampered by funding shortfalls; it participates regularly in African and UN peacekeeping missions and is a member of the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Standby Force; in 2021, it sent approximately 1,500 troops to Mozambique as part of a multinational SADC force to help combat an insurgency, and South African forces are a key component of the UN’s Force Intervention Brigade in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; in recent years, the SANDF has been deployed internally to assist the Police Service with quelling unrest and to combat trafficking along the border<br><br>the Army in recent years has reorganized, and its combat forces are organized into four “modern” brigades, each designed for specific missions and responding to modern-day threats such as “asymmetric” warfare; the new brigades are separated into airborne, light infantry, mechanized, and motorized forces; the Navy operates a mixed force of warships, patrol craft, submarines, and support vessels; its principal combatants are four frigates and three attack submarines; the Navy also has a maritime rapid reaction squadron that includes naval infantry and combat divers; the Air Force has squadrons of multipurpose fighter, ground attack, and transport aircraft, as well as attack and transport helicopters<br><br>the SANDF was created in 1994 to replace the South African Defense Force (SADF); the SANDF was opened to all South Africans who met military requirements, while the SADF was a mostly white force (only whites were subject to conscription) with non-whites only allowed to join in a voluntary capacity; the SANDF also absorbed members of the guerrilla and militia forces of the various anti-apartheid opposition groups, including the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress, and the Inkatha Freedom Party, as well as the security forces of the formerly independent Bantustan homelands (2023)"
@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "22,388 (Somalia), 15,240 (Ethiopia) (mid-year 2022); 42,080 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)"
"text": "22,388 (Somalia), 15,240 (Ethiopia) (mid-year 2022); 42,080 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "5,000 (2020)"

2
africa/so.json
View file

@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Somali National Armed Forces (SNAF; aka Somali National Defense Force): Land Forces (Somali National Army or SNA), Somali Navy, Somali Air Force<br><br>Ministry of Internal Security: Somali National Police (SNP, includes Coast Guard and a commando unit known as Harmacad or Cheetah) <br><br>National Security and Intelligence Agency (includes a commando/counterterrorism unit) (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong> the Somali Navy and Air Force have only a few hundred personnel, little equipment, and are not operational<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> Somalia has numerous militia (\"macawisley\") and regional forces operating throughout the country; these forces include ones that are clan- and warlord-based, semi-official paramilitary and special police forces (\"darwish\"), and externally sponsored militias<br><br><strong>note 3: </strong>Somaliland and Puntland have separate military and security forces"
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong> the Somali Navy and Air Force have only a few hundred personnel, little equipment, and are not operational; in early 2024, Somalia signed an agreement with Turkey to build, train and equip the Somali Navy<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> Somalia has numerous militia (\"macawisley\") and regional forces operating throughout the country; these forces include ones that are clan- and warlord-based, semi-official paramilitary and special police forces (\"darwish\"), and externally sponsored militias<br><br><strong>note 3: </strong>Somaliland and Puntland have separate military and security forces"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2021": {

2
africa/su.json
View file

@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@
"text": "696,246 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 137,402 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 93,477 (Syria) (refugees and asylum seekers), 72,334 (Ethiopia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 18,279 (Central African Republic) (2023)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "6.14 million (armed conflict between rival factions of the military government of Sudan since 15 April 2023) (2024); note - includes some non-Sudanese nationals"
"text": "6.22 million (armed conflict between rival factions of the military government of Sudan since 15 April 2023) (2024); note - includes some non-Sudanese nationals"
}
}
}

2
africa/to.json
View file

@ -602,7 +602,7 @@
"text": "Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Dodji APEVON]<br>Alliance of Democrats for Integral Development or ADDI [Tchaboure GOGUE]<br>Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Léopold GNININVI]<br>Democratic Forces for the Republic or FDR [Dodji APEVON]<br>National Alliance for Change or ANC [Jean-Pierre FABRE]<br>New Togolese Commitment [Gerry TAAMA]<br>Pan-African National Party or PNP [Tikpi ATCHADAM]<br>Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP (vacant)<br>Patriotic Movement for Democracy and Development or MPDD [Agbeyome KODJO] <br>Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR [Abi TCHESSA]<br>The Togolese Party [Nathaniel OLYMPIO]<br>Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Jean-Pierre FABRE]<br>Union for the Republic or UNIR [Faure GNASSINGBE]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ACP, AfDB, AIIB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

2
africa/ts.json
View file

@ -577,7 +577,7 @@
"text": "note - President SAIED in 2022 issued a decree that forbids political parties' participation in legislative elections; although parties remain a facet of Tunisian political life, they have lost significant influence<br>Afek Tounes [Fadhel ABDELKEFI]<br>Al Badil Al-Tounisi (The Tunisian Alternative) [Mehdi JOMAA]<br>Al-Amal Party [Ridha BELHAJ]<br>Call for Tunisia Party (Nidaa Tounes) [Ali HAFSI]<br>Current of Love [Hachemi HAMDI] (formerly the Popular Petition party)<br>Democratic Current [Ghazi CHAOUACHI]<br>Democratic Patriots' Unified Party [Zied LAKHDHAR]<br>Dignity Coalition or Al Karama Coalition [Seifeddine MAKHLOUF]<br>Ennahda Movement (The Renaissance) [Rached GHANNOUCHI]<br>Free Destourian Party or PDL [Abir MOUSSI]<br>Green Tunisia Party [Abdelkader ZITOUNI]<br>Heart of Tunisia (Qalb Tounes) [Nabil KAROUI]<br>Long Live Tunisia (Tahya Tounes) [Youssef CHAHED]<br>Machrou Tounes (Project Tunisia) [Mohsen MARZOUK]<br>Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS [Ahmed KHASKHOUSSI]<br>Party of the Democratic Arab Vanguard [Kheireddine SOUABNI]<br>People's Movement [Zouheir MAGHZAOUI]<br>Republican Party (Al Joumhouri) [Issam CHEBBI] <br>The Movement Party (Hizb Harak) [Moncef MARZOUKI]<br>Third Republic Party [Olfa HAMDI]<br>Tunisian Ba'ath Movement [Othmen Bel Haj AMOR]<br>Voice of the Republic [Ali HAFSI]<br>Workers' Party [Hamma HAMMAMI]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AIIB, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {

2
africa/tz.json
View file

@ -1273,7 +1273,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "111,847 (Burundi), 89,320 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2023)"
"text": "88,586 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 112,291 (Burundi) (2024)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

4
africa/ug.json
View file

@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in December 2022, Uganda sent approximately 1,000 troops to the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as part of a newly formed East Africa Community Regional Force (EACRF) to assist the DRC military against the rebel group M23"
},
"Military - note": {
"text": "<p>the UPDF’s missions include defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Uganda, assisting the civilian authorities in emergencies and natural disasters, and participating in socio-economic development projects; it supports the police in maintaining internal security and participates in African and UN peacekeeping missions; it is a key contributor to the East Africa Standby Force; the UPDF also has considerable political influence; it is constitutionally granted seats in parliament and is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used by MUSEVENI and his political party to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates <br><br>the UPDF is viewed as a well-equipped force with considerable operational experience; from 2012-2017, it led regional efforts to pursue the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a small, violent group of Ugandan origin that conducted widespread attacks against civilians in much of Central Africa; Uganda intervened in the South Sudan civil war in 2013-2016, and UPDF forces have clashed with South Sudanese forces along the border as recently as 2020; it is also conducting operations along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) against a DRC-based (and formerly based in western Uganda) Ugandan rebel group, the Allied Democratic Front (ADF), which has been designated by the US as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the DRC (see Appendix T); in December 2022, Uganda sent about 1,000 UPDF troops to the DRC as part of a regional force to assist the DRC Government in combating the M23 rebel group; in addition, elements of the UPDF are deployed in the northeast region of Karamoja against cattle rustlers and criminal gangs<br><br>the Land Force has 5 light infantry divisions, including one trained for mountain warfare; it also has independent armored, artillery, and motorized infantry brigades, as well as a marine force for patrolling Uganda’s lakes and rivers; the special forces command has armor, artillery, commandos, motorized infantry, and presidential guard forces; the Air Force has small numbers of largely Russian-made combat aircraft and helicopters</p> the military traces its history back to the formation of the Uganda Rifles in 1895 under the British colonial government; the Uganda Rifles were merged with the Central Africa Regiment and the East Africa Rifles to form the King’s African Rifles (KAR) in 1902, which participated in both world wars, as well as the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya (1952-1960); in 1962, the Ugandan battalion of the KAR was transformed into the country's first military force, the Uganda Rifles, which was subsequently renamed the Uganda Army; the UPDF was established in 1995 from the former rebel National Resistance Army following the enactment of the 1995 Constitution of Uganda (2023)"
"text": "<p>the UPDF’s missions include defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Uganda, assisting the civilian authorities in emergencies and natural disasters, and participating in socio-economic development projects; it supports the police in maintaining internal security and participates in African and UN peacekeeping missions; it is a key contributor to the East Africa Standby Force; the UPDF also has considerable political influence; it is constitutionally granted seats in parliament and is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used by MUSEVENI and his political party to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates <br><br>the UPDF is viewed as a well-equipped force with considerable operational experience; from 2012-2017, it led regional efforts to pursue the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a small, violent group of Ugandan origin that conducted widespread attacks against civilians in much of Central Africa; Uganda intervened in the South Sudan civil war in 2013-2016, and UPDF forces have clashed with South Sudanese forces along the border as recently as 2023; it is also conducting operations along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) against a DRC-based (and formerly based in western Uganda) Ugandan rebel group, the Allied Democratic Front (ADF), which has been designated by the US as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the DRC (see Appendix T); in December 2022, Uganda sent about 1,000 UPDF troops to the DRC as part of a regional force to assist the DRC Government in combating the M23 rebel group; in addition, elements of the UPDF are deployed in the northeast region of Karamoja against cattle rustlers and criminal gangs<br><br>the Land Force has 5 light infantry divisions, including one trained for mountain warfare; it also has independent armored, artillery, and motorized infantry brigades, as well as a marine force for patrolling Uganda’s lakes and rivers; the special forces command has armor, artillery, commandos, motorized infantry, and presidential guard forces; the Air Force has small numbers of largely Russian-made combat aircraft and helicopters<br><br>the military traces its history back to the formation of the Uganda Rifles in 1895 under the British colonial government; the Uganda Rifles were merged with the Central Africa Regiment and the East Africa Rifles to form the King’s African Rifles (KAR) in 1902, which participated in both world wars, as well as the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya (1952-1960); in 1962, the Ugandan battalion of the KAR was transformed into the country's first military force, the Uganda Rifles, which was subsequently renamed the Uganda Army; the UPDF was established in 1995 from the former rebel National Resistance Army following the enactment of the 1995 Constitution of Uganda</p> (2023)"
}
},
"Space": {
@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "505,075 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 34,368 (Eritrea), 23,388 (Rwanda), 8,936 (Ethiopia), 5,776 (Sudan) (2023); 926,550 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 41,606 (Somalia), 40,180 (Burundi) (2024)"
"text": "505,738 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 34,368 (Eritrea), 23,388 (Rwanda), 8,936 (Ethiopia), 5,776 (Sudan) (2023); 926,550 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 41,606 (Somalia), 40,180 (Burundi) (2024)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "67,000 (2022)"

2
africa/wa.json
View file

@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "6,252 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2023)"
"text": "6,213 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)"
}
}
}

2
africa/za.json
View file

@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "60,455 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 8,436 (Burundi) (2023)"
"text": "8,436 (Burundi) (2023); 61,153 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

2
africa/zi.json
View file

@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "12,093 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,931 (Mozambique) (2023)"
"text": "9,931 (Mozambique) (2023); 12,163 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2024)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {