apunkt/factbook.json
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json.git synced 2026-07-22 20:51:02 +02:00
Code Issues Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions

auto-update week 48

Browse source
This commit is contained in:
Yo Robot 2020-11-27 14:16:41 +00:00
parent 5e9ffcb8e3
commit 13e6af8620
242 changed files with 1695 additions and 1699 deletions
Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

22
europe/al.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Albania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, but was conquered by Italy in 1939 and occupied by Germany in 1943. Communist partisans took over the country in 1944. Albania allied itself first with the USSR (until 1960), and then with China (to 1978). In the early 1990s, Albania ended 46 years of isolated communist rule and established a multiparty democracy. The transition has proven challenging as successive governments have tried to deal with high unemployment, widespread corruption, dilapidated infrastructure, powerful organized crime networks, and combative political opponents. ++ Albania has made progress in its democratic development since it first held multiparty elections in 1991, but deficiencies remain. Most of Albania's post-communist elections were marred by claims of electoral fraud; however, international observers judged elections to be largely free and fair since the restoration of political stability following the collapse of pyramid schemes in 1997. Albania joined NATO in April 2009 and in June 2014 became an EU candidate. Albania in April 2017 received a European Commission recommendation to open EU accession negotiations following the passage of historic EU-mandated justice reforms in 2016. Although Albania's economy continues to grow, it has slowed, and the country is still one of the poorest in Europe. A large informal economy and a weak energy and transportation infrastructure remain obstacles."
"text": "Albania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, but was conquered by Italy in 1939 and occupied by Germany in 1943. Communist partisans took over the country in 1944. Albania allied itself first with the USSR (until 1960), and then with China (to 1978). In the early 1990s, Albania ended 46 years of isolated communist rule and established a multiparty democracy. The transition has proven challenging as successive governments have tried to deal with high unemployment, widespread corruption, dilapidated infrastructure, powerful organized crime networks, and combative political opponents. ++ Albania has made progress in its democratic development since it first held multiparty elections in 1991, but deficiencies remain. Most of Albania's post-communist elections were marred by claims of electoral fraud; however, international observers judged elections to be largely free and fair since the restoration of political stability following the collapse of pyramid schemes in 1997. Albania joined NATO in April 2009 and in June 2014 became an EU candidate. Albania in April 2017 received a European Commission recommendation to open EU accession negotiations following the passage of historic EU-mandated justice reforms in 2016. Although Albania's economy continues to grow, it has slowed, and the country is still one of the poorest in Europe. A large informal economy and a weak energy and transportation infrastructure remain obstacles."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -451,7 +451,7 @@
"text": "Supreme Court (consists of 19 judges, including the chief justice); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, including the chairman)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
"text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the High Judicial Council with the consent of the president to serve single 9-year terms; Supreme Court chairman is elected for a single 3-year term by the court members; appointments of Constitutional Court judges are rotated among the president, Parliament, and Supreme Court from a list of pre-qualified candidates (each institution selects 3 judges), to serve single 9-year terms; candidates are pre-qualified by a randomly selected body of experienced judges and prosecutors; Constitutional Court chairman is elected by the court members for a single, renewable 3-year term"
"text": "Supreme Court judges appointed by the High Judicial Council with the consent of the president to serve single 9-year terms; Supreme Court chairman is elected for a single 3-year term by the court members; appointments of Constitutional Court judges are rotated among the president, Parliament, and Supreme Court from a list of pre-qualified candidates (each institution selects 3 judges), to serve single 9-year terms; candidates are pre-qualified by a randomly selected body of experienced judges and prosecutors; Constitutional Court chairman is elected by the court members for a single, renewable 3-year term"
},
"subordinate courts": {
"text": "Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; specialized courts: Court for Corruption and Organized Crime, Appeals Court for Corruption and Organized Crime (responsible for corruption, organized crime, and crimes of high officials)"
@ -465,7 +465,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Yuri KIM (since 27 January 2020)"
"text": "Ambassador Yuri KIM (since 27 January 2020)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2100 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008"
@ -517,7 +517,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economy - overview": {
"text": "Albania, a formerly closed, centrally planned state, is a developing country with a modern open-market economy. Albania managed to weather the first waves of the global financial crisis but, the negative effects of the crisis caused a significant economic slowdown. Since 2014, Albania's economy has steadily improved and economic growth reached 3.8% in 2017. However, close trade, remittance, and banking sector ties with Greece and Italy make Albania vulnerable to spillover effects of possible debt crises and weak growth in the euro zone. ++   ++ Remittances, a significant catalyst for economic growth, declined from 12-15% of GDP before the 2008 financial crisis to 5.8% of GDP in 2015, mostly from Albanians residing in Greece and Italy. The agricultural sector, which accounts for more than 40% of employment but less than one quarter of GDP, is limited primarily to small family operations and subsistence farming, because of a lack of modern equipment, unclear property rights, and the prevalence of small, inefficient plots of land. Complex tax codes and licensing requirements, a weak judicial system, endemic corruption, poor enforcement of contracts and property issues, and antiquated infrastructure contribute to Albania's poor business environment making attracting foreign investment difficult. Since 2015, Albania has launched an ambitious program to increase tax compliance and bring more businesses into the formal economy. In July 2016, Albania passed constitutional amendments reforming the judicial system in order to strengthen the rule of law and to reduce deeply entrenched corruption. ++   ++ Albania's electricity supply is uneven despite upgraded transmission capacities with neighboring countries. However, the government has recently taken steps to stem non-technical losses and has begun to upgrade the distribution grid. Better enforcement of electricity contracts has improved the financial viability of the sector, decreasing its reliance on budget support. Also, with help from international donors, the government is taking steps to improve the poor road and rail networks, a long standing barrier to sustained economic growth. ++   ++ Inward foreign direct investment has increased significantly in recent years as the government has embarked on an ambitious program to improve the business climate through fiscal and legislative reforms. The government is focused on the simplification of licensing requirements and tax codes, and it entered into a new arrangement with the IMF for additional financial and technical support. Albania's three-year IMF program, an extended fund facility arrangement, was successfully concluded in February 2017. The Albanian Government has strengthened tax collection amid moderate public wage and pension increases in an effort to reduce its budget deficit. The country continues to face high public debt, exceeding its former statutory limit of 60% of GDP in 2013 and reaching 72% in 2016."
"text": "Albania, a formerly closed, centrally planned state, is a developing country with a modern open-market economy. Albania managed to weather the first waves of the global financial crisis but, the negative effects of the crisis caused a significant economic slowdown. Since 2014, Albania's economy has steadily improved and economic growth reached 3.8% in 2017. However, close trade, remittance, and banking sector ties with Greece and Italy make Albania vulnerable to spillover effects of possible debt crises and weak growth in the euro zone. ++ ++ Remittances, a significant catalyst for economic growth, declined from 12-15% of GDP before the 2008 financial crisis to 5.8% of GDP in 2015, mostly from Albanians residing in Greece and Italy. The agricultural sector, which accounts for more than 40% of employment but less than one quarter of GDP, is limited primarily to small family operations and subsistence farming, because of a lack of modern equipment, unclear property rights, and the prevalence of small, inefficient plots of land. Complex tax codes and licensing requirements, a weak judicial system, endemic corruption, poor enforcement of contracts and property issues, and antiquated infrastructure contribute to Albania's poor business environment making attracting foreign investment difficult. Since 2015, Albania has launched an ambitious program to increase tax compliance and bring more businesses into the formal economy. In July 2016, Albania passed constitutional amendments reforming the judicial system in order to strengthen the rule of law and to reduce deeply entrenched corruption. ++ ++ Albania's electricity supply is uneven despite upgraded transmission capacities with neighboring countries. However, the government has recently taken steps to stem non-technical losses and has begun to upgrade the distribution grid. Better enforcement of electricity contracts has improved the financial viability of the sector, decreasing its reliance on budget support. Also, with help from international donors, the government is taking steps to improve the poor road and rail networks, a long standing barrier to sustained economic growth. ++ ++ Inward foreign direct investment has increased significantly in recent years as the government has embarked on an ambitious program to improve the business climate through fiscal and legislative reforms. The government is focused on the simplification of licensing requirements and tax codes, and it entered into a new arrangement with the IMF for additional financial and technical support. Albania's three-year IMF program, an extended fund facility arrangement, was successfully concluded in February 2017. The Albanian Government has strengthened tax collection amid moderate public wage and pension increases in an effort to reduce its budget deficit. The country continues to face high public debt, exceeding its former statutory limit of 60% of GDP in 2013 and reaching 72% in 2016."
},
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"text": "$36.01 billion (2017 est.) / $34.67 billion (2016 est.) / $33.55 billion (2015 est.)",
@ -529,7 +529,7 @@
"text": "$13.07 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "3.8% (2017 est.) / 3.4% (2016 est.) / 2.2% (2015 est.)"
"text": "2.24% (2019 est.) / 4.07% (2018 est.) / 3.8% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$12,500 (2017 est.) / $12,100 (2016 est.) / $11,600 (2015 est.)",
@ -581,7 +581,7 @@
"text": "6.8% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "1.198 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.104 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -595,7 +595,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "13.8% (2017 est.) / 15.2% (2016 est.)",
"text": "5.83% (2019 est.) / 6.32% (2018 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "note: these official rates may not include those working at near-subsistence farming"
}
@ -668,7 +668,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -760,13 +760,13 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "mobile-cellular phone service has been available since 1996 and dominates over fixed-line capacity; Internet broadband services initiated in 2005 and the government continues to supports the improvement of broadband availability and access conditions; Albania has received financial aid to build its infrastructure and works towards the EU accession process, an adherence to careful scrutiny of its regulatory regime helps the telecom sector advance; Internet cafes are popular in major urban areas; 1.3 million use mobile broadband services (3G/4G) (2020)"
"text": "mobile-cellular phone service has been available since 1996 and dominates over fixed-line capacity; Internet broadband services initiated in 2005 and the government continues to supports the improvement of broadband availability and access conditions; Albania has received financial aid to build its infrastructure and works towards the EU accession process, an adherence to careful scrutiny of its regulatory regime helps the telecom sector advance; Internet cafes are popular in major urban areas; 1.3 million use mobile broadband services (3G/4G) (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line 8 per 100, teledensity continues to decline due to heavy use of mobile-cellular telephone services; mobile-cellular telephone use is widespread and generally effective, 91 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 355; submarine cables for the Adria 1 and Italy-Albania provide connectivity to Italy, Croatia, and Greece; a combination submarine cable and land fiber-optic system, provides additional connectivity to Bulgaria, Macedonia, and Turkey; international traffic carried by fiber-optic cable and, when necessary, by microwave radio relay from the Tirana exchange to Italy and Greece (2019)"
"text": "country code - 355; submarine cables for the Adria 1 and Italy-Albania provide connectivity to Italy, Croatia, and Greece; a combination submarine cable and land fiber-optic system, provides additional connectivity to Bulgaria, Macedonia, and Turkey; international traffic carried by fiber-optic cable and, when necessary, by microwave radio relay from the Tirana exchange to Italy and Greece (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
@ -891,7 +891,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "4,160 (2018)"
"text": "3,687 (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: 11,052 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2020)"

6
europe/an.json
View file

@ -383,7 +383,7 @@
"text": "unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de les Valls (a minimum of 28 seats; 14 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies (parishes) by simple majority vote and 14 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms); note - voters cast two separate ballots - one for a national list and one for a parish list"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 7 April 2019 (next to be held on April 2023)"
"text": "last held on 7 April 2019 (next to be held on April 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - DA 35.1%, PS 30.6%, L'A 12.5%, Third Way/Lauredian Union 10.4%, other 22.4%; seats by party - DA 11, PS 7, L'A 4, Third Way/Lauredian Union 4, other 2; composition - men 14, women 14, percent of women 50%"
@ -556,7 +556,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -636,7 +636,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "modern automatic telephone system; broadband Internet and LTE mobile lines for both consumer and enterprise customers available (2019)"
"text": "modern automatic telephone system; broadband Internet and LTE mobile lines for both consumer and enterprise customers available (2019)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "51 per 100 fixed-line, 113 per 100 mobile-cellular (2019)"

14
europe/be.json
View file

@ -512,7 +512,7 @@
"text": "$493.7 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "1.7% (2017 est.) / 1.4% (2016 est.) / 1.4% (2015 est.)"
"text": "1.41% (2019 est.) / 1.49% (2018 est.) / 1.9% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$46,600 (2017 est.) / $46,000 (2016 est.) / $45,700 (2015 est.)",
@ -564,7 +564,7 @@
"text": "0.2% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "5.324 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "4.122 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -578,7 +578,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "7.1% (2017 est.) / 7.9% (2016 est.)"
"text": "5.36% (2019 est.) / 5.96% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "15.1% (2013 est.)"
@ -618,7 +618,7 @@
"text": "2.2% (2017 est.) / 1.8% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "-$807 million (2017 est.) / $451 million (2016 est.)"
"text": "$1.843 billion (2019 est.) / -$4.135 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$300.8 billion (2017 est.) / $277.7 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -651,7 +651,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -743,7 +743,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "highly developed, technologically advanced, and completely automated domestic and international telephone and telegraph facilities; LTE availability is nearly universal in mobile sector; ongoing investments in developing applications and services for migration to 5G, operators are looking into repurposing 3G infrastructure and spectrum as they gear up for 5G; Europe-wide approach to simultaneous movement to 5G on going; 5G will be main motivation for growth and revenue in years to come; consumer are interested in quad-play/bundled services (broadband +television +telephone +wireless services) which will mean MNOs (mobile network operators) are enhancing their fixed-line offerings (2020)"
"text": "highly developed, technologically advanced, and completely automated domestic and international telephone and telegraph facilities; LTE availability is nearly universal in mobile sector; ongoing investments in developing applications and services for migration to 5G, operators are looking into repurposing 3G infrastructure and spectrum as they gear up for 5G; Europe-wide approach to simultaneous movement to 5G on going; 5G will be main motivation for growth and revenue in years to come; consumer are interested in quad-play/bundled services (broadband +television +telephone +wireless services) which will mean MNOs (mobile network operators) are enhancing their fixed-line offerings (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "34 per 100 fixed-line, 100 per 100 mobile-cellular; nationwide mobile-cellular telephone system; extensive cable network; limited microwave radio relay network (2019)"
@ -918,7 +918,7 @@
"text": "16,604 (Syria), 5,602 (Iraq), 5,070 (Afghanistan) (2019)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "7,695 (2018)"
"text": "10,933 (2019)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

20
europe/bk.json
View file

@ -423,16 +423,16 @@
"text": "Chairman of the Presidency Sefik DZAFEROVIC (chairman since 20 March 2020, presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Bosniak seat); Zeljko KOMSIC (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Croat seat); Milorad DODIK (presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Serb seat)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Chairman of the Council of Ministers Zoran TEGELTIJA  (since 5 December 2019)"
"text": "Chairman of the Council of Ministers Zoran TEGELTIJA (since 5 December 2019)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers nominated by the council chairman, approved by the state-level House of Representatives"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "3-member presidency (1 Bosniak and 1 Croat elected from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 1 Serb elected from the Republika Srpska) directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term, but then ineligible for 4 years); the presidency chairpersonship rotates every 8 months with the new member of the presidency elected with the highest number of votes starting the new mandate as chair; election last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022); the chairman of the Council of Ministers appointed by the presidency and confirmed by the state-level House of Representatives"
"text": "3-member presidency (1 Bosniak and 1 Croat elected from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 1 Serb elected from the Republika Srpska) directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term, but then ineligible for 4 years); the presidency chairpersonship rotates every 8 months with the new member of the presidency elected with the highest number of votes starting the new mandate as chair; election last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022); the chairman of the Council of Ministers appointed by the presidency and confirmed by the state-level House of Representatives"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote - Milorad DODIK (SNSD) 53.9% - Serb seat; Zeljko KOMSIC (DF) 52.6% - Croat seat; Sefik DZAFEROVIC (SDA) 36.6% - Bosniak seat"
"text": "percent of vote - Milorad DODIK (SNSD) 53.9% - Serb seat; Zeljko KOMSIC (DF) 52.6% - Croat seat; Sefik DZAFEROVIC (SDA) 36.6% - Bosniak seat"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Marinko CAVARA (since 11 February 2015); Vice Presidents Melika MAHMUTBEGOVIC (since 11 February 2015), Milan DUNOVIC (since 11 February 2015); President of the Republika Srpska Zeljka CVIJANOVIC (since 18 November 2018); Vice Presidents Ramiz SALKIC (since 24 November 2014), Josip JERKOVIC (since 24 November 2014)"
@ -446,7 +446,7 @@
"text": "House of Peoples - last held on 18 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022) ++ House of Representatives - last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "House of Peoples - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 13, women 2, percent of women 13.3% ++ House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - SDA 17%, SNSD 16%, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 9.8%, SDP 9.1%, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 9.1%, DF, 5.8%, PDP 5.1%, DNS 4.2%, SBB BiH 4.2%, NS/HC 2.9%, NB 2.5%, PDA 2.3%, SP 1.9%, A-SDA 1.8%, other 17.4%; seats by coalition/party - SDA 9, SNSD 6, SDP 5, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 5, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 3, DF 3, PDP 2, SBB BiH 2, NS/HC 2, DNS 1, NB 1 PDA 1, SP 1, A-SDA 1; composition - men 33, women 9, percent of women 21.4%; note - total Parliamentary Assembly percent of women 19.3%"
"text": "House of Peoples - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 13, women 2, percent of women 13.3% ++ House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - SDA 17%, SNSD 16%, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 9.8%, SDP 9.1%, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 9.1%, DF, 5.8%, PDP 5.1%, DNS 4.2%, SBB BiH 4.2%, NS/HC 2.9%, NB 2.5%, PDA 2.3%, SP 1.9%, A-SDA 1.8%, other 17.4%; seats by coalition/party - SDA 9, SNSD 6, SDP 5, HDZ-BiH/HSS/HKDU/HSP-AS BiH/HDU BiH 5, SDS/NDP/NS/SRS-VS 3, DF 3, PDP 2, SBB BiH 2, NS/HC 2, DNS 1, NB 1 PDA 1, SP 1, A-SDA 1; composition - men 33, women 9, percent of women 21.4%; note - total Parliamentary Assembly percent of women 19.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -468,7 +468,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Bojan VUJIC (since 16 September 2019)"
"text": "Ambassador Bojan VUJIC (since 16 September 2019)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "2109 E Street NW, Washington, DC 20037"
@ -590,7 +590,7 @@
"text": "3% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "1.38 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "806,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -604,7 +604,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "20.5% (2017 est.) / 25.4% (2016 est.)",
"text": "33.28% (2019 est.) / 35.97% (2018 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "note: official rate; actual rate is lower as many technically unemployed persons work in the gray economy"
}
@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -772,7 +772,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "mobile services dominate fixed-line; integration with the EU has given stability to the present economy, as an EU candidate country, the regulatory framework and telecom market has been liberalized and the regulator has given LTE license to 3 MNOs; DSL and cable are the chief platforms for fixed-line connectivity, there is a small market presence of fiber broadband; new mobile roaming fees come into effect similar to other EU countries; rural areas still suffer from insufficient connectivity (2020)"
"text": "mobile services dominate fixed-line; integration with the EU has given stability to the present economy, as an EU candidate country, the regulatory framework and telecom market has been liberalized and the regulator has given LTE license to 3 MNOs; DSL and cable are the chief platforms for fixed-line connectivity, there is a small market presence of fiber broadband; new mobile roaming fees come into effect similar to other EU countries; rural areas still suffer from insufficient connectivity (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line teledensity roughly 24 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular subscribership has been increasing rapidly and stands at roughly 112 telephones per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -927,7 +927,7 @@
"text": "99,000 (Bosnian Croats, Serbs, and Bosniaks displaced by inter-ethnic violence, human rights violations, and armed conflict during the 1992-95 war) (2019)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "90 (2018)"
"text": "75 (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: 68,087 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2020)"

12
europe/bo.json
View file

@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
"Contraceptive prevalence rate": {
"text": "72.1% (2017)",
"note": {
"text": "note:  percent of women aged 18-49"
"text": "note: percent of women aged 18-49"
}
},
"Drinking water source": {
@ -363,7 +363,7 @@
"text": "UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)"
},
"note": {
"text": "etymology: the origin of the name is disputed; Minsk may originally have been located 16 km to the southwest, on the banks of Menka River; remnants of a 10th-century settlement on the banks of the Menka have been found "
"text": "etymology: the origin of the name is disputed; Minsk may originally have been located 16 km to the southwest, on the banks of Menka River; remnants of a 10th-century settlement on the banks of the Menka have been found"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
@ -523,7 +523,7 @@
"text": "$54.44 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "2.4% (2017 est.) / -2.5% (2016 est.) / -3.8% (2015 est.)"
"text": "1.22% (2019 est.) / 3.17% (2018 est.) / 2.53% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$18,900 (2017 est.) / $18,400 (2016 est.) / $19,000 (2015 est.)",
@ -662,7 +662,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -754,7 +754,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "govt. and telecom regulator have plans to develop the telecom sector for the migration to 5G; Chinese company Huawei have started 5G trials to deliver data at 2Gb/s; fiber network reaches two million establishments; 10,000km of fiber cabling laid; August 2018 almost two million GPON connections (Gigabit Passive Optical Network, point-to-multi point access mechanism); Belarus launched its first telecoms satellite in 2016; LTE use reaches 75% of mobile subscribers (2020)"
"text": "govt. and telecom regulator have plans to develop the telecom sector for the migration to 5G; Chinese company Huawei have started 5G trials to deliver data at 2Gb/s; fiber network reaches two million establishments; 10,000km of fiber cabling laid; August 2018 almost two million GPON connections (Gigabit Passive Optical Network, point-to-multi point access mechanism); Belarus launched its first telecoms satellite in 2016; LTE use reaches 75% of mobile subscribers (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line teledensity is improving although rural areas continue to be underserved, 48 per 100 fixed-line; mobile-cellular teledensity now approaches 123 telephones per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -912,7 +912,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "6,025 (2018)"
"text": "6,466 (2019)"
}
},
"Trafficking in persons": {

20
europe/bu.json
View file

@ -479,7 +479,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Herro MUSTAFA (since 18 October 2019)"
"text": "Ambassador Herro MUSTAFA (since 18 October 2019)"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[359] (2) 937-5100"
@ -529,7 +529,7 @@
"text": "$56.94 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "3.6% (2017 est.) / 3.9% (2016 est.) / 3.6% (2015 est.)"
"text": "3.39% (2019 est.) / 3.2% (2018 est.) / 3.5% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$21,800 (2017 est.) / $20,900 (2016 est.) / $19,900 (2015 est.)",
@ -581,7 +581,7 @@
"text": "3.6% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "3.357 million (2017 est.)",
"text": "3.113 million (2020 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "note: number of employed persons"
}
@ -598,7 +598,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "6.2% (2017 est.) / 7.7% (2016 est.)"
"text": "5.66% (2019 est.) / 6.18% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "23.4% (2016 est.)"
@ -638,7 +638,7 @@
"text": "1.2% (2017 est.) / -1.3% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$2.562 billion (2017 est.) / $1.207 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "$2.06 billion (2019 est.) / $611 million (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$29.08 billion (2017 est.) / $25.37 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -671,7 +671,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -763,13 +763,13 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "telecom sector has benefited from Bulgaria's adaptation of EU regulatory measures, more privatization and less govt. monopoly; population is moving to fiber networks for broadband; govt. investment in programs for broadband in rural areas; 5G trials by 2 operators; quality has improved with a modern digital trunk line connecting switching centers in most of the regions; remaining areas are connected by digital microwave radio relay; Bulgaria has a mature mobile market with active competition (2020)"
"text": "telecom sector has benefited from Bulgaria's adaptation of EU regulatory measures, more privatization and less govt. monopoly; population is moving to fiber networks for broadband; govt. investment in programs for broadband in rural areas; 5G trials by 2 operators; quality has improved with a modern digital trunk line connecting switching centers in most of the regions; remaining areas are connected by digital microwave radio relay; Bulgaria has a mature mobile market with active competition (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line 14 per 100 persons, mobile-cellular teledensity, fostered by multiple service providers, is over 116 telephones per 100 persons (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 359; Caucasus Cable System via submarine cable provides connectivity to Ukraine, Georgia and Russia; a combination submarine cable and land fiber-optic system provides connectivity to Italy, Albania, and Macedonia; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intersputnik in the Atlantic Ocean region, 2 Intelsat in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions) (2019)"
"text": "country code - 359; Caucasus Cable System via submarine cable provides connectivity to Ukraine, Georgia and Russia; a combination submarine cable and land fiber-optic system provides connectivity to Italy, Albania, and Macedonia; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intersputnik in the Atlantic Ocean region, 2 Intelsat in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions) (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
@ -909,7 +909,7 @@
"text": "the Bulgarian Armed Forces inventory consists primarily of Soviet-era equipment, although in recent years, Bulgaria has attempted to procure more modern weapons systems from Western countries; since 2010, it has acquired limited quantities of military equipment from France, Israel, Italy, Norway, and the US (2019 est.)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "160 Afghanistan (NATO) (June 2020)"
"text": "160 Afghanistan (NATO) (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription ended in January 2008; service obligation 6-9 months (2012)"
@ -932,7 +932,7 @@
"text": "17,551 (Syria) (2019)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "92 (2018)"
"text": "116 (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: 58,073 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2020); Bulgaria is predominantly a transit country and hosts approximately 992 migrants and asylum seekers as of the end of September 2018; 2,576 migrant arrivals in 2018"

32
europe/cy.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "A former British colony, Cyprus became independent in 1960 following years of resistance to British rule. Tensions between the Greek Cypriot majority and Turkish Cypriot minority communities came to a head in December 1963, when violence broke out in the capital of Nicosia. Despite the deployment of UN peacekeepers in 1964, sporadic intercommunal violence continued, forcing most Turkish Cypriots into enclaves throughout the island. In 1974, a Greek Government-sponsored attempt to overthrow the elected president of Cyprus was met by military intervention from Turkey, which soon controlled more than a third of the island. In 1983, the Turkish Cypriot administered area declared itself the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (\"TRNC\"), but it is recognized only by Turkey. An UN-mediated agreement, the Annan Plan, failed to win approval by both communities in 2004. In February 2014, after a hiatus of nearly two years, the leaders of the two communities resumed formal discussions under UN auspices aimed at reuniting the divided island. The most recent round of negotiations to reunify the island were suspended in July 2017 after failure to achieve a breakthrough. The entire island entered the EU on 1 May 2004, although the EU acquis - the body of common rights and obligations - applies only to the areas under the internationally recognized government, and is suspended in the \"TRNC.\" However, individual Turkish Cypriots able to document their eligibility for Republic of Cyprus citizenship legally enjoy the same rights accorded to other citizens of EU states."
"text": "A former British colony, Cyprus became independent in 1960 following years of resistance to British rule. Tensions between the Greek Cypriot majority and Turkish Cypriot minority communities came to a head in December 1963, when violence broke out in the capital of Nicosia. Despite the deployment of UN peacekeepers in 1964, sporadic intercommunal violence continued, forcing most Turkish Cypriots into enclaves throughout the island. In 1974, a Greek Government-sponsored attempt to overthrow the elected president of Cyprus was met by military intervention from Turkey, which soon controlled more than a third of the island. In 1983, the Turkish Cypriot administered area declared itself the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (\"TRNC\"), but it is recognized only by Turkey. An UN-mediated agreement, the Annan Plan, failed to win approval by both communities in 2004. In February 2014, after a hiatus of nearly two years, the leaders of the two communities resumed formal discussions under UN auspices aimed at reuniting the divided island. The most recent round of negotiations to reunify the island were suspended in July 2017 after failure to achieve a breakthrough. The entire island entered the EU on 1 May 2004, although the EU acquis - the body of common rights and obligations - applies only to the areas under the internationally recognized government, and is suspended in the \"TRNC.\" However, individual Turkish Cypriots able to document their eligibility for Republic of Cyprus citizenship legally enjoy the same rights accorded to other citizens of EU states."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -370,7 +370,7 @@
"Government type": {
"text": "Republic of Cyprus - presidential republic; \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (self-declared) - parliamentary republic with enhanced presidency",
"note": {
"text": "note: a separation of the two main ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified when a Greek military-junta-supported coup attempt prompted the Turkish military intervention in July 1974 that gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government on the island; on 15 November 1983, then Turkish Cypriot \"President\" Rauf DENKTAS declared independence and the formation of the \"TRNC,” which is recognized only by Turkey"
"text": "note: a separation of the two main ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified when a Greek military-junta-supported coup attempt prompted the Turkish military intervention in July 1974 that gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government on the island; on 15 November 1983, then Turkish Cypriot \"President\" Rauf DENKTAS declared independence and the formation of the \"TRNC,\" which is recognized only by Turkey"
}
},
"Capital": {
@ -404,7 +404,7 @@
"text": "ratified 16 August 1960; note - in 1963, the constitution was partly suspended as Turkish Cypriots withdrew from the government; Turkish-held territory in 1983 was declared the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (\"TRNC\"); in 1985, the \"TRNC\" approved its own constitution"
},
"amendments": {
"text": "constitution of the Republic of Cyprus - proposed by the House of Representatives; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership of the \"Greek Community\" and the \"Turkish Community\"; however, all seats of Turkish Cypriot members have remained vacant since 1964; amended 10 times, last in 2016 ++ constitution of the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” - proposed by at least 10 members of the \"Assembly of the Republic\"; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total Assembly membership and approval by referendum; amended 2014"
"text": "constitution of the Republic of Cyprus - proposed by the House of Representatives; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership of the \"Greek Community\" and the \"Turkish Community\"; however, all seats of Turkish Cypriot members have remained vacant since 1964; amended 10 times, last in 2016 ++ constitution of the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" - proposed by at least 10 members of the \"Assembly of the Republic\"; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total Assembly membership and approval by referendum; amended 2014"
}
},
"Legal system": {
@ -432,7 +432,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President  Nikos ANASTASIADIS (since 28 February 2013); the president is both chief of state and head of government; note - vice presidency reserved for a Turkish Cypriot, but vacant since 1974 because Turkish Cypriots do not participate in the Republic of Cyprus Government"
"text": "President Nikos ANASTASIADIS (since 28 February 2013); the president is both chief of state and head of government; note - vice presidency reserved for a Turkish Cypriot, but vacant since 1974 because Turkish Cypriots do not participate in the Republic of Cyprus Government"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "President Nikos ANASTASIADIS (since 28 February 2013)"
@ -447,12 +447,12 @@
"text": "Nikos ANASTASIADIS reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS (DISY) 35.5%, Stavros MALAS (AKEL) 30.2%, Nicolas PAPADOPOULOS (DIKO) 25.7%, other 8.6%; percent of vote in second round - Nikos ANASTASIADIS 56%, Savros MALAS 44%"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the first round of the TRNC presidential election, originally scheduled for 26 April 2020, was postponed to 11 October 202 due to the COVID-19 pandemic; results - Ersin TATAR (UBP) 32.4%, Mustafa AKINCI (independent) 29.8%, Tufan ERHURMAN (RTP) 21.7%, Kudret OZERSAY (independent) 5.7%, Erhan ARIKLI (YDP) 5.4%, Serdar DENKTAS (independent) 4.2%, other 0.8%; the second round to be held on 18 October "
"text": "note: the first round of the TRNC presidential election, originally scheduled for 26 April 2020, was postponed to 11 October 202 due to the COVID-19 pandemic; results - Ersin TATAR (UBP) 32.4%, Mustafa AKINCI (independent) 29.8%, Tufan ERHURMAN (RTP) 21.7%, Kudret OZERSAY (independent) 5.7%, Erhan ARIKLI (YDP) 5.4%, Serdar DENKTAS (independent) 4.2%, other 0.8%; the second round to be held on 18 October"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "area under government control: unicameral House of Representatives or Vouli Antiprosopon (80 seats; 56 assigned to Greek Cypriots, 24 to Turkish Cypriots, but only those assigned to Greek Cypriots are filled; members directly elected by both proportional representation and preferential vote; members serve 5-year terms); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: unicameral \"Assembly of the Republic\" or Cumhuriyet Meclisi (50 seats; members directly elected to 5-year terms by proportional representation system using a hybrid d'Hondt method with voter preferences for individual candidates"
"text": "area under government control: unicameral House of Representatives or Vouli Antiprosopon (80 seats; 56 assigned to Greek Cypriots, 24 to Turkish Cypriots, but only those assigned to Greek Cypriots are filled; members directly elected by both proportional representation and preferential vote; members serve 5-year terms); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: unicameral \"Assembly of the Republic\" or Cumhuriyet Meclisi (50 seats; members directly elected to 5-year terms by proportional representation system using a hybrid d'Hondt method with voter preferences for individual candidates"
},
"elections": {
"text": "area under government control: last held on 22 May 2016 (next to be held in May 2021); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: last held on 7 January 2018 (next to be held in 2023, unless early election called)"
@ -550,7 +550,7 @@
"text": "$21.7 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "3.9% (2017 est.) / 3.4% (2016 est.) / 2% (2015 est.)"
"text": "3.08% (2019 est.) / 5.25% (2018 est.) / 5.16% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$37,200 (2017 est.) / $36,100 (2016 est.) / $34,900 (2015 est.)",
@ -602,7 +602,7 @@
"text": "13.4% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "426,600 (2017 est.)"
"text": "416,000 (2019 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -616,7 +616,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "11.1% (2017 est.) / 13% (2016 est.)"
"text": "7.07% (2019 est.) / 8.37% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "NA"
@ -656,7 +656,7 @@
"text": "0.7% (2017 est.) / -1.2% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "-$1.458 billion (2017 est.) / -$984 million (2016 est.)"
"text": "-$1.578 billion (2019 est.) / -$958 million (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$2.805 billion (2017 est.) / $2.7 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -685,14 +685,14 @@
"Exchange rates": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)"
},
"": {
"Economy of the area administered by Turkish Cypriots": {
"text": "Economy - overview: Even though the whole of the island is part of the EU, implementation of the EU \"acquis communautaire\" has been suspended in the area administered by Turkish Cypriots, known locally as the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (\"TRNC\"), until political conditions permit the reunification of the island. The market-based economy of the \"TRNC\" is roughly one-fifth the size of its southern neighbor and is likewise dominated by the service sector with a large portion of the population employed by the government. In 2012 - the latest year for which data are available - the services sector, which includes the public sector, trade, tourism, and education, contributed 58.7% to economic output. In the same year, light manufacturing and agriculture contributed 2.7% and 6.2%, respectively. Manufacturing is limited mainly to food and beverages, furniture and fixtures, construction materials, metal and non-metal products, textiles and clothing. The \"TRNC\" maintains few economic ties with the Republic of Cyprus outside of trade in construction materials. Since its creation, the \"TRNC\" has heavily relied on financial assistance from Turkey, which supports the \"TRNC\" defense, telecommunications, water and postal services. The Turkish Lira is the preferred currency, though foreign currencies are widely accepted in business transactions. The \"TRNC\" remains vulnerable to the Turkish market and monetary policy because of its use of the Turkish Lira. The \"TRNC\" weathered the European financial crisis relatively unscathed - compared to the Republic of Cyprus - because of the lack of financial sector development, the health of the Turkish economy, and its separation from the rest of the island. The \"TRNC\" economy experienced growth estimated at 2.8% in 2013 and 2.3% in 2014 and is projected to grow 3.8% in 2015.; ++ GDP (purchasing power parity): $1.829 billion (2007 est.); ++ GDP - real growth rate: 2.3% (2014 est.); ++ 2.8% (2013 est.); ++ GDP - per capita: $11,700 (2007 est.); ++ GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 6.2%,; industry: 35.1%,; services: 58.7% (2012 est.); ++ Labor force: 95,030 (2007 est.); ++ Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 14.5%,; industry: 29%,; services: 56.5% (2004); ++ Unemployment rate: 9.4% (2005 est.); ++ Population below poverty line: %NA; ++ Inflation rate: 11.4% (2006); ++ Budget: revenues: $2.5 billion,; expenditures: $2.5 billion (2006); ++ Agriculture - products: citrus fruit, dairy, potatoes, grapes, olives, poultry, lamb; ++ Industries: foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, ship repair, clay, gypsum, copper, furniture; ++ Industrial production growth rate: -0.3% (2007 est.); ++ Electricity production: 998.9 million kWh (2005); ++ Electricity consumption: 797.9 million kWh (2005); ++ Exports: $68.1 million, f.o.b. (2007 est.); ++ Export - commodities: citrus, dairy, potatoes, textiles; ++ Export - partners: Turkey 40%; direct trade between the area administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control remains limited; ++ Imports: $1.2 billion, f.o.b. (2007 est.); ++ Import - commodities: vehicles, fuel, cigarettes, food, minerals, chemicals, machinery; ++ Import - partners: Turkey 60%; direct trade between the area administered by Turkish Cypriots and the area under government control remains limited; ++ Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: NA; ++ Debt - external: NA; ++ Currency (code): Turkish new lira (YTL); ++ Exchange rates: Turkish new lira per US dollar:; 1.9 (2013); 1.8 (2012); 1.668 (2011); 1.5026 (2010); 1.55 (2009);"
}
},
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -784,13 +784,13 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "broadband market steadily developing with one of the highest penetrations rates in the region; despite the growth of Cyprus's telecom sector, the market overall continues to be dominated by the incumbent, Cyprus Telecommunications Authority (CyTA), which is still fully-owned by the state, but it is losing ground to its competition annually; improved regulatory circumstances, especially in relation to network interconnection and access, has given competing operators the certainty to invest in network infrastructure, and to launch competing services; fiber infrastructure in the early days and DSL remains the dominate access platform (2020)"
"text": "broadband market steadily developing with one of the highest penetrations rates in the region; despite the growth of Cyprus's telecom sector, the market overall continues to be dominated by the incumbent, Cyprus Telecommunications Authority (CyTA), which is still fully-owned by the state, but it is losing ground to its competition annually; improved regulatory circumstances, especially in relation to network interconnection and access, has given competing operators the certainty to invest in network infrastructure, and to launch competing services; fiber infrastructure in the early days and DSL remains the dominate access platform (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line is 37 per 100, and  144 per 100 for mobile-cellular; open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay (2019)"
"text": "fixed-line is 37 per 100, and 144 per 100 for mobile-cellular; open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, CADMOS, MedNautilus Submarine System, POSEIDON, TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/Alexandros/Medes, UGARIT, Aphrodite2, Hawk, Lev Submarine System, and Tamares combine to provide connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Southeast Asia; Turcyos-1 and Turcyos-2 submarine cable in Turkish North Cyprus link to Turkey; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat) (2019)"
"text": "country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, CADMOS, MedNautilus Submarine System, POSEIDON, TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/Alexandros/Medes, UGARIT, Aphrodite2, Hawk, Lev Submarine System, and Tamares combine to provide connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Southeast Asia; Turcyos-1 and Turcyos-2 submarine cable in Turkish North Cyprus link to Turkey; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat) (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
@ -937,7 +937,7 @@
"text": "228,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced since 1974) (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: 10,690 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2019)"
"text": "note: 10,690 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2019)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

16
europe/da.json
View file

@ -518,7 +518,7 @@
"text": "$325.6 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "2.3% (2017 est.) / 2% (2016 est.) / 1.6% (2015 est.)"
"text": "2.85% (2019 est.) / 2.18% (2018 est.) / 2.83% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$50,100 (2017 est.) / $49,300 (2016 est.) / $48,800 (2015 est.)",
@ -570,7 +570,7 @@
"text": "2.5% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "2.998 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "2.736 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -584,7 +584,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "5.7% (2017 est.) / 6.2% (2016 est.)"
"text": "3.05% (2019 est.) / 3.07% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "13.4% (2011 est.)",
@ -627,7 +627,7 @@
"text": "1.1% (2017 est.) / 0.3% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$24.82 billion (2017 est.) / $22.47 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "$30.935 billion (2019 est.) / $24.821 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$113.6 billion (2017 est.) / $103.6 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -660,7 +660,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -752,13 +752,13 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "excellent telephone and Internet services; Denmark's competitive telecom market has led to the country having the second highest broadband penetration rate in Europe; the fixed-line sector continues to see a decline in revenue while customers move to VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) and mobile alternatives; comprehensive LTE coverage and a fast-developing 5G segment; the government is able to offer broadband coverage in rural areas (2020)"
"text": "excellent telephone and Internet services; Denmark's competitive telecom market has led to the country having the second highest broadband penetration rate in Europe; the fixed-line sector continues to see a decline in revenue while customers move to VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) and mobile alternatives; comprehensive LTE coverage and a fast-developing 5G segment; the government is able to offer broadband coverage in rural areas (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line 17 per 100, 126 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 45; landing points for the NSC, COBRAcable, CANTAT-3, DANICE, Havfrue/AEC-2, TAT-14m Denmark-Norway-5 & 6, Skagenfiber West & East, GC1, GC2, GC3, GC-KPN, Kattegat 1 & 2 & 3, Energinet Lyngsa-Laeso, Energinet Laeso-Varberg, Fehmarn Balt, Baltica, German-Denmark 2 & 3, Ronne-Rodvig, Denmark-Sweden 15 & 16 & 17 & 18, IP-Only Denmark-Sweden, Scandinavian South, Scandinavian Ring North, Danica North, 34 series of fiber-optic submarine cables link Denmark with Canada, Faroe Islands, Germany, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, US and UK; satellite earth stations - 18 (6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East)); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access (2019)"
"text": "country code - 45; landing points for the NSC, COBRAcable, CANTAT-3, DANICE, Havfrue/AEC-2, TAT-14m Denmark-Norway-5 & 6, Skagenfiber West & East, GC1, GC2, GC3, GC-KPN, Kattegat 1 & 2 & 3, Energinet Lyngsa-Laeso, Energinet Laeso-Varberg, Fehmarn Balt, Baltica, German-Denmark 2 & 3, Ronne-Rodvig, Denmark-Sweden 15 & 16 & 17 & 18, IP-Only Denmark-Sweden, Scandinavian South, Scandinavian Ring North, Danica North, 34 series of fiber-optic submarine cables link Denmark with Canada, Faroe Islands, Germany, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, US and UK; satellite earth stations - 18 (6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East)); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
@ -930,7 +930,7 @@
"text": "20,046 (Syria), 5,320 (Eritrea) (2019)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "8,236 (2018)"
"text": "8,672 (2019)"
}
}
}

27
europe/ee.json
View file

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"": {
"Preliminary statement": {
"text": "The evolution of what is today the European Union (EU) from a regional economic agreement among six neighboring states in 1951 to today's hybrid intergovernmental and supranational organization of 27 countries across the European continent stands as an unprecedented phenomenon in the annals of history. Dynastic unions for territorial consolidation were long the norm in Europe; on a few occasions even country-level unions were arranged - the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Austro-Hungarian Empire were examples. But for such a large number of nation-states to cede some of their sovereignty to an overarching entity is unique. ++ Although the EU is not a federation in the strict sense, it is far more than a free-trade association such as ASEAN or Mercosur, and it has certain attributes associated with independent nations: its own flag, currency (for some members), and law-making abilities, as well as diplomatic representation and a common foreign and security policy in its dealings with external partners. ++ Thus, inclusion of basic intelligence on the EU has been deemed appropriate as a separate entity in The World Factbook. However, because of the EU's special status, this description is placed after the regular country entries."
},
"Background": {
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
"Population": {
"text": "453,007,803",
"note": {
"text": "rank by population: Germany - 80,159,662;  France - 67,848,156;  Italy - 62,402,659;  Spain - 50,015,792;  Poland - 38,282,325;  Romania - 21,302,893;  Netherlands - 17,280,397;  Belgium - 11,720,716;  Czechia - 10,702,498;  Greece - 10,607,051;  Portugal - 10,302,674;  Sweden - 10,202,491;  Hungary - 9,771,827;  Austria - 8,859,449;  Bulgaria - 6,966,899;  Denmark - 5,869,410;  Finland - 5,571,665;  Slovakia - 5,440,602;  Ireland - 5,176,569;  Croatia - 4,227,746;  Lithuania - 2,731,464;  Slovenia - 2,102,678;  Latvia - 1,881,232;  Cyprus - 1,266,676;  Estonia - 1,228,624;  Luxembourg - 628,381;  Malta - 457,267 (July 2020 est.)"
"text": "rank by population: Germany - 80,159,662; France - 67,848,156; Italy - 62,402,659; Spain - 50,015,792; Poland - 38,282,325; Romania - 21,302,893; Netherlands - 17,280,397; Belgium - 11,720,716; Czechia - 10,702,498; Greece - 10,607,051; Portugal - 10,302,674; Sweden - 10,202,491; Hungary - 9,771,827; Austria - 8,859,449; Bulgaria - 6,966,899; Denmark - 5,869,410; Finland - 5,571,665; Slovakia - 5,440,602; Ireland - 5,176,569; Croatia - 4,227,746; Lithuania - 2,731,464; Slovenia - 2,102,678; Latvia - 1,881,232; Cyprus - 1,266,676; Estonia - 1,228,624; Luxembourg - 628,381; Malta - 457,267 (July 2020 est.)"
}
},
"Languages": {
@ -217,12 +217,17 @@
}
},
"Government": {
"": {
"text": "27 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden; note - candidate countries: Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey ++ there are 13 overseas countries and territories (OCTs) (1 with Denmark [Greenland], 6 with France [French Polynesia; French Southern and Antarctic Lands; New Caledonia; Saint Barthelemy; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Wallis and Futuna], and 6 with the Netherlands [Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten]), all are part of the Overseas Countries and Territories Association (OCTA)",
"note": {
"text": "note: there are non-European OCTs having special relations with Denmark, France, and the Netherlands (list is annexed to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union), that are associated with the EU to promote their economic and social development; member states apply to their trade with OCTs the same treatment as they accord each other pursuant to the treaties; OCT nationals are in principle EU citizens, but these countries are neither part of the EU, nor subject to the EU"
"Union name": {
"conventional long form": {
"text": "European Union"
},
"abbreviation": {
"text": "EU"
}
},
"Political structure": {
"text": "a hybrid and unique intergovernmental and supranational organization"
},
"Capital": {
"name": {
"text": "Brussels (Belgium), Strasbourg (France), Luxembourg, Frankfurt (Germany); note - the European Council, a gathering of the EU heads of state and/or government, and the Council of the European Union, a ministerial-level body of ten formations, meet in Brussels, Belgium, except for Council meetings held in Luxembourg in April, June, and October; the European Parliament meets in Brussels and Strasbourg, France, and has administrative offices in Luxembourg; the Court of Justice of the European Union is located in Luxembourg; and the European Central Bank is located in Frankfurt, Germany"
@ -240,6 +245,12 @@
"text": "note: the 27 European Union countries spread across three time zones; a proposal has been put forward to do away with daylight savings time in all EU countries"
}
},
"Member states": {
"text": "27 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden; note - candidate countries: Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey ++ there are 13 overseas countries and territories (OCTs) (1 with Denmark [Greenland], 6 with France [French Polynesia; French Southern and Antarctic Lands; New Caledonia; Saint Barthelemy; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Wallis and Futuna], and 6 with the Netherlands [Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten]), all are part of the Overseas Countries and Territories Association (OCTA)",
"note": {
"text": "note: there are non-European OCTs having special relations with Denmark, France, and the Netherlands (list is annexed to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union), that are associated with the EU to promote their economic and social development; member states apply to their trade with OCTs the same treatment as they accord each other pursuant to the treaties; OCT nationals are in principle EU citizens, but these countries are neither part of the EU, nor subject to the EU"
}
},
"Independence": {
"text": "7 February 1992 (Maastricht Treaty signed establishing the European Union); 1 November 1993 (Maastricht Treaty entered into force)",
"note": {
@ -282,7 +293,7 @@
},
"Judicial branch": {
"highest courts": {
"text": "Court of Justice of the European Union, which includes the Court of Justice (informally known as the European Court of Justice or ECJ) and the General Court (consists of 27 judges, one drawn from each member state; the ECJ includes 11 Advocates General while the General Court can include additional judges; both the ECJ and the General Court may sit in a \"Grand Chamber\" of 15 judges in special cases but usually in chambers of 3 to 5 judges"
"text": "Court of Justice of the European Union, which includes the Court of Justice (informally known as the European Court of Justice or ECJ) and the General Court (consists of 27 judges, one drawn from each member state; the ECJ includes 11 Advocates General while the General Court can include additional judges; both the ECJ and the General Court may sit in a \"Grand Chamber\" of 15 judges in special cases but usually in chambers of 3 to 5 judges"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
"text": "judges appointed by the common consent of the member states to serve 6-year renewable terms"
@ -348,7 +359,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economy - overview": {
"text": "The 27 member states that make up the EU have adopted an internal single market with free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor. The EU, which is also a customs union, aims to bolster Europe's trade position and its political and economic weight in international affairs. ++   ++ Despite great differences in per capita income among member states (from $28,000 to $109,000) and in national attitudes toward issues like inflation, debt, and foreign trade, the EU has achieved a high degree of coordination of monetary and fiscal policies. A common currency – the euro – circulates among 19 of the member states that make up the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Eleven member states introduced the euro as their common currency on 1 January 1999 (Greece did so two years later). Since 2004, 13 states acceded to the EU. Of the 13, Slovenia (2007), Cyprus and Malta (2008), Slovakia (2009), Estonia (2011), Latvia (2014), and Lithuania (2015) have adopted the euro; seven other member states - excluding Denmark, which has a formal opt-out - are required by EU treaties to adopt the common currency upon meeting fiscal and monetary convergence criteria. ++   ++ The EU economy posted moderate GDP growth for 2014 through 2017, capping five years of sustained growth since the 2008-09 global economic crisis and the ensuing sovereign debt crisis in the euro zone in 2011. However, the bloc's recovery was uneven. Some EU member states (Czechia, Ireland, Malta, Romania, Sweden, and Spain) recorded strong growth, others (Italy) experienced modest expansion, and Greece finally ended its EU rescue program in August 2018. Overall, the EU's recovery was buoyed by lower commodities prices and accommodative monetary policy, which lowered interest rates and stimulated demand. The euro zone, which makes up about 70% of the total EU economy, performed well, achieving a growth rate not seen in a decade. In October 2017 the European Central Bank (ECB) announced it would extend its bond-buying program through September 2018, and possibly beyond that date, to keep the euro zone recovery on track. The ECB's efforts to spur more lending and investment through its asset-buying program, negative interest rates, and long-term loan refinancing programs have not yet raised inflation in line with the ECB's statutory target of just under 2%. ++   ++ Despite its performance, high unemployment in some member states, high levels of public and private debt, muted productivity, an incomplete single market in services, and an aging population remain sources of potential drag on the EU's future growth. Moreover, the EU economy remains vulnerable to a slowdown of global trade and bouts of political and financial turmoil. In June 2016, the UK voted to withdraw from the EU, the first member country ever to attempt to secede. Continued uncertainty about the implications of the UK's exit from the EU (concluded January 2020) could hurt consumer and investor confidence and dampen EU growth, particularly if trade and cross-border investment significantly declines. Political disagreements between EU member states on reforms to fiscal and economic policy also may impair the EU's ability to bolster its crisis-prevention and resolution mechanisms. International investors' fears of a broad dissolution of the single currency area have largely dissipated, but these concerns could resurface if elected leaders implement policies that contravene euro-zone budget or banking rules. State interventions in ailing banks, including rescue of banks in Italy and resolution of banks in Spain, have eased financial vulnerabilities in the European banking sector even though some banks are struggling with low profitability and a large stock of bad loans, fragilities that could precipitate localized crises. Externally, the EU has continued to pursue comprehensive free trade agreements to expand EU external market share, particularly with Asian countries; EU and Japanese leaders reached a political-level agreement on a free trade agreement in July 2017, and agreement with Mexico in April 2018 on updates to an existing free trade agreement."
"text": "The 27 member states that make up the EU have adopted an internal single market with free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor. The EU, which is also a customs union, aims to bolster Europe's trade position and its political and economic weight in international affairs. ++ ++ Despite great differences in per capita income among member states (from $28,000 to $109,000) and in national attitudes toward issues like inflation, debt, and foreign trade, the EU has achieved a high degree of coordination of monetary and fiscal policies. A common currency – the euro – circulates among 19 of the member states that make up the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Eleven member states introduced the euro as their common currency on 1 January 1999 (Greece did so two years later). Since 2004, 13 states acceded to the EU. Of the 13, Slovenia (2007), Cyprus and Malta (2008), Slovakia (2009), Estonia (2011), Latvia (2014), and Lithuania (2015) have adopted the euro; seven other member states - excluding Denmark, which has a formal opt-out - are required by EU treaties to adopt the common currency upon meeting fiscal and monetary convergence criteria. ++ ++ The EU economy posted moderate GDP growth for 2014 through 2017, capping five years of sustained growth since the 2008-09 global economic crisis and the ensuing sovereign debt crisis in the euro zone in 2011. However, the bloc's recovery was uneven. Some EU member states (Czechia, Ireland, Malta, Romania, Sweden, and Spain) recorded strong growth, others (Italy) experienced modest expansion, and Greece finally ended its EU rescue program in August 2018. Overall, the EU's recovery was buoyed by lower commodities prices and accommodative monetary policy, which lowered interest rates and stimulated demand. The euro zone, which makes up about 70% of the total EU economy, performed well, achieving a growth rate not seen in a decade. In October 2017 the European Central Bank (ECB) announced it would extend its bond-buying program through September 2018, and possibly beyond that date, to keep the euro zone recovery on track. The ECB's efforts to spur more lending and investment through its asset-buying program, negative interest rates, and long-term loan refinancing programs have not yet raised inflation in line with the ECB's statutory target of just under 2%. ++ ++ Despite its performance, high unemployment in some member states, high levels of public and private debt, muted productivity, an incomplete single market in services, and an aging population remain sources of potential drag on the EU's future growth. Moreover, the EU economy remains vulnerable to a slowdown of global trade and bouts of political and financial turmoil. In June 2016, the UK voted to withdraw from the EU, the first member country ever to attempt to secede. Continued uncertainty about the implications of the UK's exit from the EU (concluded January 2020) could hurt consumer and investor confidence and dampen EU growth, particularly if trade and cross-border investment significantly declines. Political disagreements between EU member states on reforms to fiscal and economic policy also may impair the EU's ability to bolster its crisis-prevention and resolution mechanisms. International investors' fears of a broad dissolution of the single currency area have largely dissipated, but these concerns could resurface if elected leaders implement policies that contravene euro-zone budget or banking rules. State interventions in ailing banks, including rescue of banks in Italy and resolution of banks in Spain, have eased financial vulnerabilities in the European banking sector even though some banks are struggling with low profitability and a large stock of bad loans, fragilities that could precipitate localized crises. Externally, the EU has continued to pursue comprehensive free trade agreements to expand EU external market share, particularly with Asian countries; EU and Japanese leaders reached a political-level agreement on a free trade agreement in July 2017, and agreement with Mexico in April 2018 on updates to an existing free trade agreement."
},
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"text": "$20.85 trillion (2017 est.) / $20.38 trillion (2016 est.) / $19.98 trillion (2015 est.)",

24
europe/ei.json
View file

@ -420,7 +420,7 @@
"text": "Senate - last held in April and May 2016 (next to be held no later than 2021) ++ House of Representatives - last held on 8 February 2020 (next to be held no later than 2025)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "  ++ Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Fine Gael 19, Fianna Fail 14, Sinn Fein 7, Labor Party 5, Green Party 1, independent 14; composition - men 42, women 18, percent of women 30%   ++ House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Sinn Fein 23%, Fianna Fail 23%, Fine Gael 22%, Green Party 8%, Labor Party 4%, Social Democrats 4%, AAA-PBD 3%, Aontu 0.6%, Independents for Change 0.6%, Ceann Comhairle 0.6%, Independents 12%; seats by party - Sinn Fein 37, Fianna Fail 37, Fine Gael 35, Green Party 12, Labor Party 6, Social Democrats 6, AAA-PBD 5, Aontu l, Independents for Change 1, Ceann Comhairle 1, Independents 19; composition - men 123, women 35, percent of women 22.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 24.3%"
"text": "++ Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Fine Gael 19, Fianna Fail 14, Sinn Fein 7, Labor Party 5, Green Party 1, independent 14; composition - men 42, women 18, percent of women 30% ++ House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - Sinn Fein 23%, Fianna Fail 23%, Fine Gael 22%, Green Party 8%, Labor Party 4%, Social Democrats 4%, AAA-PBD 3%, Aontu 0.6%, Independents for Change 0.6%, Ceann Comhairle 0.6%, Independents 12%; seats by party - Sinn Fein 37, Fianna Fail 37, Fine Gael 35, Green Party 12, Labor Party 6, Social Democrats 6, AAA-PBD 5, Aontu l, Independents for Change 1, Ceann Comhairle 1, Independents 19; composition - men 123, women 35, percent of women 22.2%; note - total Parliament percent of women 24.3%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -459,7 +459,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Edward F. CRAWFORD (since 1 July 2019)"
"text": "Ambassador Edward F. CRAWFORD (since 1 July 2019)"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[353] (1) 668-8777"
@ -509,7 +509,7 @@
"text": "$331.5 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "7.2% (2017 est.) / 4.9% (2016 est.) / 25% (2015 est.)"
"text": "5.86% (2019 est.) / 9.42% (2018 est.) / 9.49% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$73,200 (2017 est.) / $69,100 (2016 est.) / $66,600 (2015 est.)",
@ -561,7 +561,7 @@
"text": "7.8% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "2.226 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "2.289 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -575,7 +575,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "6.7% (2017 est.) / 8.4% (2016 est.)"
"text": "4.98% (2019 est.) / 5.78% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "8.2% (2013 est.)"
@ -615,7 +615,7 @@
"text": "0.3% (2017 est.) / -0.2% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$28.14 billion (2017 est.) / -$12.59 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "-$44.954 billion (2019 est.) / $24.154 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$219.7 billion (2017 est.) / $206 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -648,7 +648,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -740,20 +740,20 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "a previous depressed economic climate has changed to one with Ireland having one of the highest GDP growth rates in Europe, which translates to mean spending among telecom consumers; introduction of flat-rate plans; upgraded LTE technologies in rural areas; govt. intends to spend millions on the National Broadband Plan (NBP) initiative to change the broadband landscape; plans to auction spectrum suitable for 5G services; broadband market seen steady development; 20 towns see commercial 5G services (2020)"
"text": "a previous depressed economic climate has changed to one with Ireland having one of the highest GDP growth rates in Europe, which translates to mean spending among telecom consumers; introduction of flat-rate plans; upgraded LTE technologies in rural areas; govt. intends to spend millions on the National Broadband Plan (NBP) initiative to change the broadband landscape; plans to auction spectrum suitable for 5G services; broadband market seen steady development; 20 towns see commercial 5G services (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "increasing levels of broadband access particularly in urban areas; fixed-line 36 per 100 and mobile-cellular 105 per 100 subscriptions; digital system using cable and microwave radio relay (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 353; landing point for the AEConnect -1, Celtic-Norse, Havfrue/AEC-2, GTT Express, Celtic, ESAT-1, IFC-1, Solas, Pan European Crossing, ESAT-2, CeltixConnect -1 & 2, GTT Atlantic, Sirius South, Emerald Bridge Fibres and Geo Eirgrid submarine cable with links to the US, Canada, Norway, Isle of Man and UK; satellite earth stations - 81 (2019)"
"text": "country code - 353; landing point for the AEConnect -1, Celtic-Norse, Havfrue/AEC-2, GTT Express, Celtic, ESAT-1, IFC-1, Solas, Pan European Crossing, ESAT-2, CeltixConnect -1 & 2, GTT Atlantic, Sirius South, Emerald Bridge Fibres and Geo Eirgrid submarine cable with links to the US, Canada, Norway, Isle of Man and UK; satellite earth stations - 81 (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
}
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "publicly owned broadcaster Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE) operates 4 TV stations; commercial TV stations are available; about 75% of households utilize multi-channel satellite and TV services that provide access to a wide range of stations; RTE operates 4 national radio stations and has launched digital audio broadcasts on several stations; a number of commercial broadcast stations operate at the national, regional, and local levels (2019)"
"text": "publicly owned broadcaster Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE) operates 4 TV stations; commercial TV stations are available; about 75% of households utilize multi-channel satellite and TV services that provide access to a wide range of stations; RTE operates 4 national radio stations and has launched digital audio broadcasts on several stations; a number of commercial broadcast stations operate at the national, regional, and local levels (2019)"
},
"Internet country code": {
"text": ".ie"
@ -892,7 +892,7 @@
"text": "the Irish Defense Forces have a small inventory of imported weapons systems from a variety of European countries, as well as South Africa and the US; the UK is the leading supplier of military hardware to Ireland since 2010 (2019 est.)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "130 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 290 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (April 2020)"
"text": "130 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 340 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service recruits to the Defence Forces (18-27 years of age for the Naval Service); 18-26 for cadetship (officer) applicants; 12-year service (5 active, 7 reserves); Irish citizen, European Economic Area citizenship, or refugee status (2019)"
@ -912,7 +912,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "99 (2018)"
"text": "99 (2019)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

16
europe/en.json
View file

@ -378,7 +378,7 @@
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "15 urban municipalities (linnad, singular - linn), 64 rural municipalities (vallad, singular vald) ++ urban municipalities: Haapsalu, Keila, Kohtla-Jarve, Loksa, Maardu, Narva, Narva-Joesuu, Paide, Parnu, Rakvere, Sillamae, Tallinn, Tartu, Viljandi, Voru ++ rural municipalities: Alutaguse, Anija, Antsla, Elva, Haademeeste, Haljala, Harku, Hiiumaa, Jarva, Joelahtme, Jogeva, Johvi, Kadrina, Kambja, Kanepi, Kastre, Kehtna, Kihnu, Kiili, Kohila, Kose, Kuusalu, Laane-Harju, Laane-Nigula, Laaneranna, Luganuse, Luunja, Marjamaa, Muhu, Mulgi, Mustvee, Noo, Otepaa, Peipsiaare, Pohja-Parnumaa, Pohja-Sakala, Poltsamaa, Polva, Raasiku, Rae, Rakvere, Räpina, Rapla, Rouge, Ruhnu, Saarde, Saaremaa, Saku, Saue, Setomaa, Tapa, Tartu, Toila, Tori, Torva, Turi, Vaike-Maarja, Valga, Viimsi, Viljandi, Vinni, Viru-Nigula, Vormsi, Voru"
"text": "15 urban municipalities (linnad, singular - linn), 64 rural municipalities (vallad, singular vald) ++ urban municipalities: Haapsalu, Keila, Kohtla-Jarve, Loksa, Maardu, Narva, Narva-Joesuu, Paide, Parnu, Rakvere, Sillamae, Tallinn, Tartu, Viljandi, Voru ++ rural municipalities: Alutaguse, Anija, Antsla, Elva, Haademeeste, Haljala, Harku, Hiiumaa, Jarva, Joelahtme, Jogeva, Johvi, Kadrina, Kambja, Kanepi, Kastre, Kehtna, Kihnu, Kiili, Kohila, Kose, Kuusalu, Laane-Harju, Laane-Nigula, Laaneranna, Luganuse, Luunja, Marjamaa, Muhu, Mulgi, Mustvee, Noo, Otepaa, Peipsiaare, Pohja-Parnumaa, Pohja-Sakala, Poltsamaa, Polva, Raasiku, Rae, Rakvere, Räpina, Rapla, Rouge, Ruhnu, Saarde, Saaremaa, Saku, Saue, Setomaa, Tapa, Tartu, Toila, Tori, Torva, Turi, Vaike-Maarja, Valga, Viimsi, Viljandi, Vinni, Viru-Nigula, Vormsi, Voru"
},
"Independence": {
"text": "24 February 1918 (from Soviet Russia); 20 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union)"
@ -528,7 +528,7 @@
"text": "$25.97 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "4.9% (2017 est.) / 2.1% (2016 est.) / 1.7% (2015 est.)"
"text": "5% (2019 est.) / 4.36% (2018 est.) / 5.51% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$31,700 (2017 est.) / $30,200 (2016 est.) / $29,600 (2015 est.)",
@ -580,7 +580,7 @@
"text": "9.5% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "670,200 (2017 est.)"
"text": "648,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -594,7 +594,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "5.8% (2017 est.) / 6.8% (2016 est.)"
"text": "4.94% (2019 est.) / 4.73% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "21.1% (2016 est.)"
@ -634,7 +634,7 @@
"text": "3.7% (2017 est.) / 0.8% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$809 million (2017 est.) / $443 million (2016 est.)"
"text": "$616 million (2019 est.) / $280 million (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$13.44 billion (2017 est.) / $12.36 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -667,7 +667,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -759,7 +759,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "a range of regulatory measures, competition and foreign investment in the form of joint business ventures has greatly improved telephone service with a wide range of high-quality voice, data, and Internet services; one of the most advanced mobile markets in Europe; one of the highest broadband penetration in Europe; govt. commits 20 million euro to rural broadband program; regulator auctions spectrum in the 2.6GHz band for LTE and 5G services (2020)"
"text": "a range of regulatory measures, competition and foreign investment in the form of joint business ventures has greatly improved telephone service with a wide range of high-quality voice, data, and Internet services; one of the most advanced mobile markets in Europe; one of the highest broadband penetration in Europe; govt. commits 20 million euro to rural broadband program; regulator auctions spectrum in the 2.6GHz band for LTE and 5G services (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "25 per 100 for fixed-line and 147 per 100 for mobile-cellular; substantial fiber-optic cable systems carry telephone, TV, and radio traffic in the digital mode; Internet services are widely available; schools and libraries are connected to the Internet, a large percentage of the population files income tax returns online, and online voting - in local and parliamentary elections - has climbed steadily since first being introduced in 2005; a large percent of Estonian households have broadband access (2019)"
@ -914,7 +914,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "77,877 (2018); note - following independence in 1991, automatic citizenship was restricted to those who were Estonian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants; thousands of ethnic Russians remained stateless when forced to choose between passing Estonian language and citizenship tests or applying for Russian citizenship; one reason for demurring on Estonian citizenship was to retain the right of visa-free travel to Russia; stateless residents can vote in local elections but not general elections; stateless parents who have been lawful residents of Estonia for at least five years can apply for citizenship for their children before they turn 15 years old"
"text": "75,599 (2019); note - following independence in 1991, automatic citizenship was restricted to those who were Estonian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants; thousands of ethnic Russians remained stateless when forced to choose between passing Estonian language and citizenship tests or applying for Russian citizenship; one reason for demurring on Estonian citizenship was to retain the right of visa-free travel to Russia; stateless residents can vote in local elections but not general elections; stateless parents who have been lawful residents of Estonia for at least five years can apply for citizenship for their children before they turn 15 years old"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

14
europe/ez.json
View file

@ -516,7 +516,7 @@
"text": "$215.8 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "4.3% (2017 est.) / 2.5% (2016 est.) / 5.3% (2015 est.)"
"text": "2.27% (2019 est.) / 3.18% (2018 est.) / 5.35% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$35,500 (2017 est.) / $34,200 (2016 est.) / $33,400 (2015 est.)",
@ -568,7 +568,7 @@
"text": "7.5% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "5.427 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "5.222 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -582,7 +582,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "2.9% (2017 est.) / 3.9% (2016 est.)"
"text": "2.8% (2019 est.) / 3.18% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "9.7% (2015 est.)"
@ -619,7 +619,7 @@
"text": "2.4% (2017 est.) / 0.7% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$2.317 billion (2017 est.) / $3.037 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "-$678 million (2019 est.) / $1.259 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$144.8 billion (2017 est.) / $131.1 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -652,7 +652,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -744,7 +744,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "good telephone and Internet service; the Czech Republic has a sophisticated telecom market; mobile sector showing steady growth, but perhaps without enough competition, regulator makes progress for 5G services; the govt. trying to stimulate competition, improve end-users pricing and step up quality; strong growth in cable and fiber sectors; fixed wireless broadband remains strong, with penetration among the highest in the EU (2020)"
"text": "good telephone and Internet service; the Czech Republic has a sophisticated telecom market; mobile sector showing steady growth, but perhaps without enough competition, regulator makes progress for 5G services; the govt. trying to stimulate competition, improve end-users pricing and step up quality; strong growth in cable and fiber sectors; fixed wireless broadband remains strong, with penetration among the highest in the EU (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "14 per 100 fixed-line and mobile telephone usage increased to 124 per 100 mobile-cellular, the number of cellular telephone subscriptions now greatly exceeds the population (2019)"
@ -894,7 +894,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,502 (2018)"
"text": "1,394 (2019)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

22
europe/fi.json
View file

@ -426,7 +426,7 @@
"text": "last held on 14 April 2019 (next to be held on April 2023) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - SDP 17.7%, Finn Party 17.5%, Kok 17.0%. Centre Party  13.8%, Green League 11.5%, Left Alliance 8.2%; seats by party/coalition -SDP 40, Finn Party 39, Kok 38, Centre Party 31, Green League 20, Left Alliance 16; composition men 107, women 93, percent of women 46.5% (e.g. 2019)"
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - SDP 17.7%, Finn Party 17.5%, Kok 17.0%. Centre Party 13.8%, Green League 11.5%, Left Alliance 8.2%; seats by party/coalition -SDP 40, Finn Party 39, Kok 38, Centre Party 31, Green League 20, Left Alliance 16; composition men 107, women 93, percent of women 46.5% (e.g. 2019)"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -512,7 +512,7 @@
"text": "$252.8 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "2.8% (2017 est.) / 2.5% (2016 est.) / 0.1% (2015 est.)"
"text": "1.15% (2019 est.) / 1.52% (2018 est.) / 3.27% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$44,500 (2017 est.) / $43,400 (2016 est.) / $42,500 (2015 est.)",
@ -564,7 +564,7 @@
"text": "6.2% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "2.473 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "2.52 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -578,7 +578,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "8.5% (2017 est.) / 8.8% (2016 est.)"
"text": "6.63% (2019 est.) / 7.38% (2018 est.)"
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
@ -618,7 +618,7 @@
"text": "0.8% (2017 est.) / 0.4% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$1.806 billion (2017 est.) / -$819 million (2016 est.)"
"text": "-$603 million (2019 est.) / -$4.908 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$67.73 billion (2017 est.) / $51.9 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -651,7 +651,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -743,13 +743,13 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "excellent service; one of the most progressive in Europe; one of the highest broadband and mobile penetrations rates in the region; for 2025 and 2030 FttP (fiber to the home) and DOCSIS3.1 (new generation of cable services for high speed connections) technologies; subscribers are migrating from 3G to LTE and 5G networks; astute regulatory measures have encouraged market competition and company investment (2020)"
"text": "excellent service; one of the most progressive in Europe; one of the highest broadband and mobile penetrations rates in the region; for 2025 and 2030 FttP (fiber to the home) and DOCSIS3.1 (new generation of cable services for high speed connections) technologies; subscribers are migrating from 3G to LTE and 5G networks; astute regulatory measures have encouraged market competition and company investment (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line 5 per 100 subscription and 129 per 100 mobile-cellular (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 358; landing points for Botnia, BCS North-1 & 2, SFL, SFS-4, C-Lion1, Eastern Lights, Baltic Sea Submarine Cable, FEC, and EESF-2 & 3 submarine cables that provide links to many Finland points, Estonia, Sweden, Germany, and Russia; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) (2019)"
"text": "country code - 358; landing points for Botnia, BCS North-1 & 2, SFL, SFS-4, C-Lion1, Eastern Lights, Baltic Sea Submarine Cable, FEC, and EESF-2 & 3 submarine cables that provide links to many Finland points, Estonia, Sweden, Germany, and Russia; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
@ -759,7 +759,7 @@
"text": "a mix of 3 publicly operated TV stations and numerous privately owned TV stations; several free and special-interest pay-TV channels; cable and satellite multi-channel subscription services are available; all TV signals are broadcast digitally; Internet television, such as Netflix and others, is available; public broadcasting maintains a network of 13 national and 25 regional radio stations; a large number of private radio broadcasters and access to Internet radio"
},
"Internet country code": {
"text": ".fi ++  ",
"text": ".fi ++",
"note": {
"text": "note - Aland Islands assigned .ax"
}
@ -892,7 +892,7 @@
"text": "the inventory of the Finnish Defense Forces consists of a wide mix of mostly modern Western and domestically-produced weapons systems, as well as a limited quantity of Soviet-era equipment, particularly artillery and armored personnel carriers; since 2010, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, and the US are the leading foreign suppliers of armaments to Finland; the Finish defense industry produces a variety of military equipment, including wheeled armored vehicles and naval vessels (2019 est.)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "180 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (April 2020)"
"text": "200 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "at age 18, all Finnish men are obligated to serve 6-12 months of service within a branch of the military or the Border Guard, and women may volunteer for service; after completing their initial conscript obligation, individuals enter the reserves and remain eligible for mobilization until the age of 60 (2019)"
@ -907,7 +907,7 @@
"text": "8,862 (Iraq) (2019)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "2,759 (2018)"
"text": "2,801 (2019)"
}
}
}

8
europe/fo.json
View file

@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
"Languages": {
"text": "Faroese 93.8% (derived from Old Norse), Danish 3.2%, other 3% (2011 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "note:  data represent population by primary language"
"text": "note: data represent population by primary language"
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -346,7 +346,7 @@
"text": "unicameral Faroese Parliament or Logting (33 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) ++ the Faroe Islands elect 2 members to the Danish Parliament to serve 4-year terms"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Faroese Parliament - last held on 31 August 2019 (next to be held in 2023) ++ Faroese seats in the Danish Parliament last held on 5 June 2019 (next to be held no later than June 2023)"
"text": "Faroese Parliament - last held on 31 August 2019 (next to be held in 2023) ++ Faroese seats in the Danish Parliament last held on 5 June 2019 (next to be held no later than June 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Faroese Parliament percent of vote by party - People's Party 24.5%, JF 22.1%, Union Party 20.3%, Republic 18.1%, Center Party 5.4%, Progressive Party 4.6%, New Self-Government Party 3.4%, other 1.4%, seats by party - People's Party 8, JF 7, Union Party 7, Republic 6, Center Party 2, Progressive Party 2, New Self-Government Party 1, composition - men 25, women 8; percent of women 24.2% ++ Faroese seats in Danish Parliament - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Social Democratic Party 1, Republican Party 1; composition - 2 men"
@ -527,7 +527,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -625,7 +625,7 @@
"text": "37 per 100 for fixed-line and 116 per 100 for mobile-cellular; both NMT (analog) and GSM (digital) mobile telephone systems are installed (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 298; landing points for the SHEFA-2, FARICE-1, and CANTAT-3 fiber-optic submarine cables from the Faeroe Islands, to Denmark, Germany, UK and Iceland; satellite earth stations - 1 Orion; (2019)"
"text": "country code - 298; landing points for the SHEFA-2, FARICE-1, and CANTAT-3 fiber-optic submarine cables from the Faeroe Islands, to Denmark, Germany, UK and Iceland; satellite earth stations - 1 Orion; (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"

28
europe/fr.json
View file

@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
"Coastline": {
"text": "4,853 km",
"note": {
"text": "metropolitan France: 3,427 km"
"text": "metropolitan France: 3,427 km"
}
},
"Maritime claims": {
@ -464,7 +464,7 @@
"text": "Senate - last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held on 24 September 2020) ++ National Assembly - last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held in June 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties)  - LR 144, PS 73, UC 51. LREM 23, RDSE 22, CRCE 16, RTLI 13, other 6; composition - men 246, women 102, percent of women 29.3% ++ National Assembly - percent of vote by party first round - LREM 28.2%, LR 15.8%. FN 13.2%, FI 11%, PS 7.4%, other 24.4%; percent of vote by party second round - LREM 43.1%, LR 22.2%, FN 8.8%, MoDEM 6.1%, PS 5.7%. FI 4.9%, other 9.2%; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties) - LREM 306, LR 104, MoDEM 46, UDI/Agir 29, PS 29, UDI 18, FI 17, Liberties and Territories 16, PCF 16, other 14; composition - men 349, women 228, percent of women 39.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 35.7%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties) - LR 144, PS 73, UC 51. LREM 23, RDSE 22, CRCE 16, RTLI 13, other 6; composition - men 246, women 102, percent of women 29.3% ++ National Assembly - percent of vote by party first round - LREM 28.2%, LR 15.8%. FN 13.2%, FI 11%, PS 7.4%, other 24.4%; percent of vote by party second round - LREM 43.1%, LR 22.2%, FN 8.8%, MoDEM 6.1%, PS 5.7%. FI 4.9%, other 9.2%; seats by political caucus (party or group of parties) - LREM 306, LR 104, MoDEM 46, UDI/Agir 29, PS 29, UDI 18, FI 17, Liberties and Territories 16, PCF 16, other 14; composition - men 349, women 228, percent of women 39.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 35.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -482,7 +482,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Presidential majority Parties [Edouard PHILIPPE] ++      Democratic Movement or MoDem [Francois BAYROU] ++      La Republique en Marche! or LREM [Richard FERRAND] ++      Movement of Progressives or MDP  Robert HUE] ++ Parliamentary right Parties [Francois BAROIN] ++      Hunting, Fishing, Nature and Tradition or CPNT [Eddie PUYJAION] ++      The Republicans or LR [Annie GENEVARD] ++      Union of Democrats and Independents or UDI [Jean-Christophe    CAMBADELIS] ++       ++ Parliamentary left Parties [Bernard CAZENEUVE] ++      Sociatlist Party or PS [Jean-Christophe CAMBADEMAND] ++      Radical Party of the Left or PRG [Sylvia PINEL] ++      Citizen and Republican Movement or MRC [Jean-Luc LAURENT] ++      Martinican Progressive Party or PPM [Aiem CESAIRE] ++ Debout la France or DLF [Nicolas DUPONT-AIGNAN] ++ Ecology Democracy Solidarity or EDS [Paula FORTEZA, Matthieu ORPHELIN ++ (splinter party formed in May 2020 by defectors of LREM) ++ Europe Ecologists - the Greens or EELV [David CORMAND] ++ French Communist Party or PCF [Pierre LAURENT] ++ La France Insoumise or FI [Jean-Luc MELENCHONLIS] ++ National Front or FN [Marine LE PEN] ++"
"text": "Presidential majority Parties [Edouard PHILIPPE] ++ Democratic Movement or MoDem [Francois BAYROU] ++ La Republique en Marche! or LREM [Richard FERRAND] ++ Movement of Progressives or MDP Robert HUE] ++ Parliamentary right Parties [Francois BAROIN] ++ Hunting, Fishing, Nature and Tradition or CPNT [Eddie PUYJAION] ++ The Republicans or LR [Annie GENEVARD] ++ Union of Democrats and Independents or UDI [Jean-Christophe CAMBADELIS] ++ Parliamentary left Parties [Bernard CAZENEUVE] ++ Sociatlist Party or PS [Jean-Christophe CAMBADEMAND] ++ Radical Party of the Left or PRG [Sylvia PINEL] ++ Citizen and Republican Movement or MRC [Jean-Luc LAURENT] ++ Martinican Progressive Party or PPM [Aiem CESAIRE] ++ Debout la France or DLF [Nicolas DUPONT-AIGNAN] ++ Ecology Democracy Solidarity or EDS [Paula FORTEZA, Matthieu ORPHELIN ++ (splinter party formed in May 2020 by defectors of LREM) ++ Europe Ecologists - the Greens or EELV [David CORMAND] ++ French Communist Party or PCF [Pierre LAURENT] ++ La France Insoumise or FI [Jean-Luc MELENCHONLIS] ++ National Front or FN [Marine LE PEN] ++"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BDEAC, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, FZ, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNRWA, UN Security Council (permanent), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
"text": "$2.588 trillion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "2.3% (2017 est.) / 1.1% (2016 est.) / 1% (2015 est.)"
"text": "1.49% (2019 est.) / 1.81% (2018 est.) / 2.42% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$44,100 (2017 est.) / $43,200 (2016 est.) / $42,900 (2015 est.)",
@ -614,7 +614,7 @@
"text": "2% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "30.68 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "27.742 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -628,7 +628,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "9.4% (2017 est.) / 10.1% (2016 est.)",
"text": "8.12% (2019 est.) / 8.69% (2018 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "note: includes overseas territories"
}
@ -671,7 +671,7 @@
"text": "1.2% (2017 est.) / 0.3% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "-$14.83 billion (2017 est.) / -$18.55 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "-$18.102 billion (2019 est.) / -$16.02 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$549.9 billion (2017 est.) / $507 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -704,7 +704,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -796,16 +796,16 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "one of the largest mobile phone markets in Europe, worth 13 billion annually; LTE has universal coverage with extensive 5G launching any day, one of the largest broadband subscriber bases in Europe; regional govt. and telecom companies have invested in higher bandwidth w/ fiber infrastructure improvements, an investment more than 20 billion euros (2020)"
"text": "one of the largest mobile phone markets in Europe, worth 13 billion annually; LTE has universal coverage with extensive 5G launching any day, one of the largest broadband subscriber bases in Europe; regional govt. and telecom companies have invested in higher bandwidth w/ fiber infrastructure improvements, an investment more than 20 billion euros (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "58 per 100 persons for fixed-line and 111 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 33; landing points for Circe South, TAT-14, INGRID, FLAG Atlantic-1, Apollo, HUGO, IFC-1, ACE, SeaMeWe-3 & 4, Dunant, Africa-1, AAE-1, Atlas Offshore, Hawk, IMEWE, Med Cable, PEACE Cable, and TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/Alexandros/Medex submarine cables providing links throughout Europe, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Africa and US; satellite earth stations - more than 3 (2 Intelsat (with total of 5 antennas - 2 for Indian Ocean and 3 for Atlantic Ocean), NA Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat - Atlantic Ocean region); HF radiotelephone communications with more than 20 countries (2019)"
"text": "country code - 33; landing points for Circe South, TAT-14, INGRID, FLAG Atlantic-1, Apollo, HUGO, IFC-1, ACE, SeaMeWe-3 & 4, Dunant, Africa-1, AAE-1, Atlas Offshore, Hawk, IMEWE, Med Cable, PEACE Cable, and TE North/TGN-Eurasia/SEACOM/Alexandros/Medex submarine cables providing links throughout Europe, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Africa and US; satellite earth stations - more than 3 (2 Intelsat (with total of 5 antennas - 2 for Indian Ocean and 3 for Atlantic Ocean), NA Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat - Atlantic Ocean region); HF radiotelephone communications with more than 20 countries (2019)"
},
"overseas departments": {
"text": "country codes: French Guiana - 594; landing points for Ella Link, Kanawa, Americas II to South America, Europe, Caribbean and US; Guadeloupe - 590; landing points for GCN, Southern Caribbean Fiber, and ECFS around the Caribbean and US; Martinique - 596; landing points for Americas II, ECFS, and Southern Caribbean Fiber to South America, US and around the Caribbean;  Mayotte - 262; landing points for FLY-LION3 and LION2 to East Africa and East African Islands in Indian Ocean; Reunion - 262; landing points for SAFE, METISS, and LION submarine cables to Asia, South and East Africa, Southeast Asia and nearby Indian Ocean Island countries of Mauritius, and Madagascar (2019)"
"text": "country codes: French Guiana - 594; landing points for Ella Link, Kanawa, Americas II to South America, Europe, Caribbean and US; Guadeloupe - 590; landing points for GCN, Southern Caribbean Fiber, and ECFS around the Caribbean and US; Martinique - 596; landing points for Americas II, ECFS, and Southern Caribbean Fiber to South America, US and around the Caribbean; Mayotte - 262; landing points for FLY-LION3 and LION2 to East Africa and East African Islands in Indian Ocean; Reunion - 262; landing points for SAFE, METISS, and LION submarine cables to Asia, South and East Africa, Southeast Asia and nearby Indian Ocean Island countries of Mauritius, and Madagascar (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
@ -954,7 +954,7 @@
}
},
"Transportation - note": {
"text": "begun in 1988 and completed in 1994, the Channel Tunnel (nicknamed the Chunnel) is a 50.5-km (31.4-mi) rail tunnel beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover that runs from Folkestone, Kent, England to Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais in northern France; it is the only fixed link between the island of Great Britain and mainland Europe"
"text": "begun in 1988 and completed in 1994, the Channel Tunnel (nicknamed the Chunnel) is a 50.5-km (31.4-mi) rail tunnel beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover that runs from Folkestone, Kent, England to Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais in northern France; it is the only fixed link between the island of Great Britain and mainland Europe"
}
},
"Military and Security": {
@ -971,7 +971,7 @@
"text": "the French military's inventory consists almost entirely of domestically-produced weapons systems, including some jointly-produced with other European countries; there is a limited mix of armaments from other Western countries, particularly the US; since 2010, the US is the leading foreign supplier of military hardware to France; France has a defense industry capable of manufacturing the full spectrum of air, land, and naval military weapons systems (2019 est.)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "5,100 Burkina Faso/Chad/Mali/Niger (Operation Barkhane); 950 Cote D'Ivoire; 1,450 Djibouti; 300 Baltics (NATO); 2,000 French Guiana; 1,200 French Polynesia; 1,000 French West Indies; 350 Gabon; 500-1,000 Middle East; 630 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 1,600 New Caledonia; 1,600 Reunion Island; 350 Senegal; 650 United Arab Emirates; note - France has been a contributing member of the EuroCorps since 1992 (2019 est.)"
"text": "5,100 Burkina Faso/Chad/Mali/Niger (Operation Barkhane); 900 Cote D'Ivoire; 1,450 Djibouti; 300 Baltics (NATO); 2,000 French Guyana; 900 French Polynesia; 1,000 French West Indies; 350 Gabon; est. 500 Middle East (Iraq/Jordan/Syria); 780 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 1,400-1,500 New Caledonia; 1,700 Reunion Island; 350 Senegal; 650 United Arab Emirates; note - France has been a contributing member of the EuroCorps since 1992 (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-25 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; 1-year service obligation; women serve in noncombat posts (2013)"
@ -994,7 +994,7 @@
"text": "24,293 (Afghanistan), 23,821 (Sri Lanka), 18,473 (Sudan), 18,244 (Syria), 17,512 (Democratic Republic of the Congo), 16,412 (Russia), 14,141 (Serbia and Kosovo), 11,863 (Turkey), 11,038 (Guinea), 11,021 (Cambodia), 8,829 (Iraq), 7,735 (Vietnam), 6,918 (China), 6,464 (Laos), 6,372 (Eritrea), 6,156 (Bangladesh), 5,675 (Mauritania), 5,652 (Cote d'Ivoire), 5,169 (Mali) (2019)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,493 (2018)"
"text": "1,521 (2019)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

9
europe/gi.json
View file

@ -327,7 +327,7 @@
"text": "last held on 17 October 2019 (next to be held in 2023) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - GSLP-Liberal Alliance 52.5% (GSLP 37.0%, LPG 15.5%), GSD 25.6%; seats by party - GSLP-Liberal Alliance 10 (GSLP 7, LPG 3), GSD 6; composition of elected members - men 15, women 2, percent of women 11.8% (e.g. 2019)"
"text": "percent of vote by party - GSLP-Liberal Alliance 52.5% (GSLP 37.0%, LPG 15.5%), GSD 25.6%; seats by party - GSLP-Liberal Alliance 10 (GSLP 7, LPG 3), GSD 6; composition of elected members - men 15, women 2, percent of women 11.8% (e.g. 2019)"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -488,6 +488,11 @@
}
},
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
"text": "238.8 million kWh (2016 est.)"
},
@ -583,7 +588,7 @@
"text": "automatic exchange facilities; 50 per 100 fixed-line and 120 per 100 mobile-cellular (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 350; landing point for the EIG to Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East via submarine cables; radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)"
"text": "country code - 350; landing point for the EIG to Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East via submarine cables; radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)"
}
},
"Broadcast media": {

4
europe/gk.json
View file

@ -497,7 +497,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
}
},
@ -526,7 +526,7 @@
"text": "fixed-line 60 per 100 and mobile-cellular 113 per 100 persons (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 44; landing points for Guernsey-Jersey, HUGO, INGRID, Channel Islands -9 Liberty and UK-Channel Islands-7 submarine cable to UK and France (2019)"
"text": "country code - 44; landing points for Guernsey-Jersey, HUGO, INGRID, Channel Islands -9 Liberty and UK-Channel Islands-7 submarine cable to UK and France (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"

18
europe/gm.json
View file

@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
"Ethnic groups": {
"text": "German 87.2%, Turkish 1.8%, Polish 1%, Syrian 1%, other 9% (2017 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "++ note:  data represent population by nationality"
"text": "++ note: data represent population by nationality"
}
},
"Languages": {
@ -524,7 +524,7 @@
"text": "$3.701 trillion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "2.5% (2017 est.) / 2.2% (2016 est.) / 1.5% (2015 est.)"
"text": "0.59% (2019 est.) / 1.3% (2018 est.) / 2.91% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$50,800 (2017 est.) / $49,800 (2016 est.) / $49,100 (2015 est.)",
@ -576,7 +576,7 @@
"text": "3.3% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "45.9 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "44.585 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -590,7 +590,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "3.8% (2017 est.) / 4.2% (2016 est.)"
"text": "4.98% (2019 est.) / 5.19% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "16.7% (2015 est.)"
@ -630,7 +630,7 @@
"text": "1.7% (2017 est.) / 0.4% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$291 billion (2017 est.) / $297.5 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "$280.238 billion (2019 est.) / $297.434 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$1.434 trillion (2017 est.) / $1.322 trillion (2016 est.)"
@ -663,7 +663,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -761,7 +761,7 @@
"text": "extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to many foreign countries; 48 per 100 for fixed-line and 128 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 49; landing points for SeaMeWe-3, TAT-14, AC-1, CONTACT-3, Fehmarn Balt, C-Lion1, GC1, GlobalConnect-KPN, and Germany-Denmark 2 & 3 - submarine cables to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia; as well as earth stations in the Inmarsat, Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems (2019)"
"text": "country code - 49; landing points for SeaMeWe-3, TAT-14, AC-1, CONTACT-3, Fehmarn Balt, C-Lion1, GC1, GlobalConnect-KPN, and Germany-Denmark 2 & 3 - submarine cables to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia; as well as earth stations in the Inmarsat, Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
@ -922,7 +922,7 @@
"text": "the German Federal Armed Forces inventory is mostly comprised of weapons systems produced domestically or jointly with other European countries; since 2010, the US is the leading foreign supplier of armaments to Germany, followed by the Netherlands and Switzerland; Germany's defense industry is capable of manufacturing the full spectrum of air, land, and naval military weapons systems (2019 est.)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "1,300 Afghanistan (NATO); approximately 100-200 Middle East (NATO/Counter-ISIS campaign); 110 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 550 Lithuania (NATO); 350 Mali (MINUSMA); 350 Mali (EUTM); note - Germany is a contributing member of the EuroCorps (2020)"
"text": "1,300 Afghanistan (NATO); approximately 100-200 Middle East (NATO/Counter-ISIS campaign); 110 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 500 Lithuania (NATO); 400 Mali (MINUSMA); 350 Mali (EUTM); note - Germany is a contributing member of the EuroCorps (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "17-23 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription ended 1 July 2011; service obligation 8-23 months or 12 years; women have been eligible for voluntary service in all military branches and positions since 2001 (2013)"
@ -945,7 +945,7 @@
"text": "572,818 (Syria), 141,650 (Iraq), 140,366 (Afghanistan), 58,569 (Eritrea), 43,244 (Iran), 28,470 (Turkey), 26,015 (Somalia), 8,722 (Russia), 8,639 (Serbia and Kosovo), 8,125 (Pakistan), 7,828 (Nigeria) (2019)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "14,779 (2018)"
"text": "14,947 (2019)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

32
europe/gr.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Greece achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories, most with Greek-speaking populations. In World War II, Greece was first invaded by Italy (1940) and subsequently occupied by Germany (1941-44); fighting endured in a protracted civil war between supporters of the king and other anti-communist and communist rebels. Following the latter's defeat in 1949, Greece joined NATO in 1952. In 1967, a group of military officers seized power, establishing a military dictatorship that suspended many political liberties and forced the king to flee the country. In 1974 following the collapse of the dictatorship, democratic elections and a referendum created a parliamentary republic and abolished the monarchy. In 1981, Greece joined the EC (now the EU); it became the 12th member of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 2001. Greece has suffered a severe economic crisis since late 2009, due to nearly a decade of chronic overspending and structural rigidities. Beginning in 2010, Greece entered three bailout agreements - with the European Commission, the European Central Bank (ECB), the IMF, and the third in 2015 with the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) - worth in total about $300 billion. The Greek Government formally exited the third bailout in August 2018."
"text": "Greece achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, it gradually added neighboring islands and territories, most with Greek-speaking populations. In World War II, Greece was first invaded by Italy (1940) and subsequently occupied by Germany (1941-44); fighting endured in a protracted civil war between supporters of the king and other anti-communist and communist rebels. Following the latter's defeat in 1949, Greece joined NATO in 1952. In 1967, a group of military officers seized power, establishing a military dictatorship that suspended many political liberties and forced the king to flee the country. In 1974 following the collapse of the dictatorship, democratic elections and a referendum created a parliamentary republic and abolished the monarchy. In 1981, Greece joined the EC (now the EU); it became the 12th member of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 2001. Greece has suffered a severe economic crisis since late 2009, due to nearly a decade of chronic overspending and structural rigidities. Beginning in 2010, Greece entered three bailout agreements - with the European Commission, the European Central Bank (ECB), the IMF, and the third in 2015 with the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) - worth in total about $300 billion. The Greek Government formally exited the third bailout in August 2018."
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -414,7 +414,7 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President Ekaterini SAKELLAROPOULOU (since 13 March 2020)"
"text": "President Ekaterini SAKELLAROPOULOU (since 13 March 2020)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Kyriakos MITSOTAKIS (since 8 July 2019)"
@ -423,18 +423,18 @@
"text": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president elected by Hellenic Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 22 January 2020 (next to be held by February 2025); president appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party or coalition in the Hellenic Parliament"
"text": "president elected by Hellenic Parliament for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 22 January 2020 (next to be held by February 2025); president appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party or coalition in the Hellenic Parliament"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Katerina SAKELLAROPOULOU (independent) elected president by Parliament - 261 of 300 votes; note - SAKELLAROPOULOU is Greece's first woman president"
"text": "Katerina SAKELLAROPOULOU (independent) elected president by Parliament - 261 of 300 votes; note - SAKELLAROPOULOU is Greece's first woman president"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Hellenic Parliament or Vouli ton Ellinon (300 seats; 280 members in multi-seat constituencies and 12 members in a single nationwide constituency directly elected by open party-list proportional representation vote; 8 members in single-seat constituencies elected by simple majority vote; members serve up to 4 years);  note - only parties surpassing a 3% threshold are entitled to parliamentary seats; parties need 10 seats to become formal parliamentary groups but can retain that status if the party participated in the last election and received the minimum 3% threshold"
"text": "unicameral Hellenic Parliament or Vouli ton Ellinon (300 seats; 280 members in multi-seat constituencies and 12 members in a single nationwide constituency directly elected by open party-list proportional representation vote; 8 members in single-seat constituencies elected by simple majority vote; members serve up to 4 years); note - only parties surpassing a 3% threshold are entitled to parliamentary seats; parties need 10 seats to become formal parliamentary groups but can retain that status if the party participated in the last election and received the minimum 3% threshold"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 7 July 2019 (next to be held by July 2023)"
"text": "last held on 7 July 2019 (next to be held by July 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - ND 39.9%, SYRIZA 31.5%, KINAL 8.1%, KKE 5.3%, Greek Solution 3.7%, MeRA25 3.4%, other 8.1%; seats by party - ND 158, SYRIZA 86, KINAL 22, KKE 15, Greek Solution 10, MeRA25 9; composition - men 244, women 56, percent of women 18.7%"
@ -452,7 +452,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Anticapitalist Left Cooperation for the Overthrow or ANTARSYA [collective leadership] ++ Coalition of the Radical Left or SYRIZA [Alexios (Alexis) TSIPRAS] ++ Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Dimitrios KOUTSOUMBAS] ++ Democratic Left or DIMAR [Athanasios (Thanasis) THEOCHAROPOULOS] ++ European Realistic Disobedience Front or MeRA25 [Yanis VAROUFAKIS] ++ Greek Solution [Kyriakos VELOPOULOS] ++ Independent Greeks or ANEL [Panagiotis (Panos) KAMMENOS] ++ Movement for Change or KINAL [Foteini (Fofi) GENIMMATA] ++ New Democracy or ND [Kyriakos MITSOTAKIS] ++ People's Association-Golden Dawn [Nikolaos MICHALOLIAKOS] ++ Popular Unity or LAE [Panagiotis LAFAZANIS] ++ The River (To Potami) [Stavros THEODORAKIS] ++ Union of Centrists or EK [Vasileios (Vasilis) LEVENTIS]"
"text": "Anticapitalist Left Cooperation for the Overthrow or ANTARSYA [collective leadership] ++ Coalition of the Radical Left or SYRIZA [Alexios (Alexis) TSIPRAS] ++ Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Dimitrios KOUTSOUMBAS] ++ Democratic Left or DIMAR [Athanasios (Thanasis) THEOCHAROPOULOS] ++ European Realistic Disobedience Front or MeRA25 [Yanis VAROUFAKIS] ++ Greek Solution [Kyriakos VELOPOULOS] ++ Independent Greeks or ANEL [Panagiotis (Panos) KAMMENOS] ++ Movement for Change or KINAL [Foteini (Fofi) GENIMMATA] ++ New Democracy or ND [Kyriakos MITSOTAKIS] ++ People's Association-Golden Dawn [Nikolaos MICHALOLIAKOS] ++ Popular Unity or LAE [Panagiotis LAFAZANIS] ++ The River (To Potami) [Stavros THEODORAKIS] ++ Union of Centrists or EK [Vasileios (Vasilis) LEVENTIS]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -532,7 +532,7 @@
"text": "$200.7 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "1.4% (2017 est.) / -0.2% (2016 est.) / -0.3% (2015 est.)"
"text": "1.87% (2019 est.) / 1.91% (2018 est.) / 1.44% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$27,800 (2017 est.) / $27,400 (2016 est.) / $27,300 (2015 est.)",
@ -584,7 +584,7 @@
"text": "3.5% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "4.769 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "4 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -598,7 +598,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "21.5% (2017 est.) / 23.6% (2016 est.)"
"text": "17.3% (2019 est.) / 19.34% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "36% (2014 est.)"
@ -635,7 +635,7 @@
"text": "1.1% (2017 est.) / 0% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "-$1.596 billion (2017 est.) / -$2.072 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "-$3.114 billion (2019 est.) / -$6.245 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$31.54 billion (2017 est.) / $27.1 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -668,7 +668,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -760,13 +760,13 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "good mobile telephone and international services; 3 mobile network operators; broadband penetration developing steadily despite rough economic conditions; plans to repurpose 3G network for LTE and 5G by 2022 (2020)"
"text": "good mobile telephone and international services; 3 mobile network operators; broadband penetration developing steadily despite rough economic conditions; plans to repurpose 3G network for LTE and 5G by 2022 (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "microwave radio relay trunk system; extensive open-wire connections; submarine cable to offshore islands; 48 per 100 for fixed-line and 114 per 100 for mobile-cellular (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 30; landing points for the SEA-ME-WE-3, Adria-1, Italy-Greece 1, OTEGLOBE, MedNautilus Submarine System, Aphrodite 2, AAE-1 and Silphium optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Southeast Asia, Asia and Australia;  tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat - Indian Ocean region) (2019)"
"text": "country code - 30; landing points for the SEA-ME-WE-3, Adria-1, Italy-Greece 1, OTEGLOBE, MedNautilus Submarine System, Aphrodite 2, AAE-1 and Silphium optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Southeast Asia, Asia and Australia; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat - Indian Ocean region) (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
@ -912,7 +912,7 @@
"text": "the inventory of the Hellenic Armed Forces consists mostly of a mix of imported weapons from Europe and the US, as well as a limited number of domestically produced systems, particularly naval vessels; Germany is the leading supplier of weapons systems to Greece since 2010, followed by France and the US; Greece's defense industry is capable of producing naval vessels and associated subsystems (2019 est.)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "est. 1,000 Cyprus; 110 Kosovo (NATO); 140 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2019 est.)"
"text": "est. 1,000 Cyprus; 110 Kosovo (NATO); 140 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "19-45 years of age for compulsory military service; during wartime the law allows for recruitment beginning January of the year of inductee's 18th birthday, thus including 17 year olds; 18 years of age for volunteers; conscript service obligation is 1 year for the Army and 9 months for the Air Force and Navy; women are eligible for voluntary military service (2014)"
@ -935,7 +935,7 @@
"text": "26,696 (Syria), 17,685 (Afghanistan), 9,614 (Afghanistan) (2019)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "198 (2018)"
"text": "4,734 (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: 1,203,437 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2020); as of the end of December 2019, an estimated 112,300 migrants and refugees were stranded in Greece since 2015-16; 50,215 migrant arrivals in 2018"

18
europe/hr.json
View file

@ -534,7 +534,7 @@
"text": "$54.76 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "2.8% (2017 est.) / 3.5% (2016 est.) / 2.4% (2015 est.)"
"text": "2.94% (2019 est.) / 2.7% (2018 est.) / 3.14% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$24,700 (2017 est.) / $23,800 (2016 est.) / $22,800 (2015 est.)",
@ -586,7 +586,7 @@
"text": "1.2% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "1.559 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.656 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -600,7 +600,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "12.4% (2017 est.) / 15% (2016 est.)"
"text": "8.07% (2019 est.) / 9.86% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "19.5% (2015 est.)"
@ -637,7 +637,7 @@
"text": "1.1% (2017 est.) / -1.1% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$2.15 billion (2017 est.) / $1.338 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "$1.597 billion (2019 est.) / $1 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$13.15 billion (2017 est.) / $13.88 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -670,7 +670,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -762,20 +762,20 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "the mobile market has one of the highest penetration rates in the Balkans region; covering much of what were once inaccessible areas; local lines are digital; telecom market in Croatia has been shaped by Croatia becoming part of the European Union in 2013, a process which opened up the market and the creation of a regulatory environment leading to competition in mobile and broadband; investment among operators has led to a relatively high broadband penetration in the region; trials for 5G technologies underway (2020)"
"text": "the mobile market has one of the highest penetration rates in the Balkans region; covering much of what were once inaccessible areas; local lines are digital; telecom market in Croatia has been shaped by Croatia becoming part of the European Union in 2013, a process which opened up the market and the creation of a regulatory environment leading to competition in mobile and broadband; investment among operators has led to a relatively high broadband penetration in the region; trials for 5G technologies underway (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line teledensity has dropped somewhat to about 32 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions 107 per 100 (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 385;  the ADRIA-1 submarine cable provides connectivity to Albania and Greece; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic project, which consists of 2 fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik (2019)"
"text": "country code - 385; the ADRIA-1 submarine cable provides connectivity to Albania and Greece; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic project, which consists of 2 fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
}
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "the national state-owned public broadcaster, Croatian Radiotelevision, operates 4 terrestrial TV networks, a satellite channel that rebroadcasts programs for Croatians living abroad, and 6 regional TV centers; 2 private broadcasters operate national terrestrial networks; 29 privately owned regional TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; state-owned public broadcaster operates 4 national radio networks and 23 regional radio stations; 2 privately owned national radio networks and 117 local radio stations (2019)"
"text": "the national state-owned public broadcaster, Croatian Radiotelevision, operates 4 terrestrial TV networks, a satellite channel that rebroadcasts programs for Croatians living abroad, and 6 regional TV centers; 2 private broadcasters operate national terrestrial networks; 29 privately owned regional TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; state-owned public broadcaster operates 4 national radio networks and 23 regional radio stations; 2 privately owned national radio networks and 117 local radio stations (2019)"
},
"Internet country code": {
"text": ".hr"
@ -917,7 +917,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "2,886 (2018)"
"text": "2,886 (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: 713,772 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2020); flows slowed considerably in 2017; Croatia is predominantly a transit country and hosts about 340 asylum seekers as of the end of June 2018"

18
europe/hu.json
View file

@ -439,7 +439,7 @@
"text": "last held on 8 April 2018 (next to be held in April 2022)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party list - Fidesz-KDNP 49.3%, Jobbik 19.1%, MSZP-PM 11.9%, LMP 7.1%, DK 5.4%, Momentum Movement 3.1%, Together 0.7%, LdU 0.5%, other 2.9%; seats by party - Fidesz 117, Jobbik 26, KDNP 16, MSZP 15,  DK 9, LMP 8, PM 5, Together 1, LdU 1, independent 1; composition - men 174, women 25, percent of women 12.6%"
"text": "percent of vote by party list - Fidesz-KDNP 49.3%, Jobbik 19.1%, MSZP-PM 11.9%, LMP 7.1%, DK 5.4%, Momentum Movement 3.1%, Together 0.7%, LdU 0.5%, other 2.9%; seats by party - Fidesz 117, Jobbik 26, KDNP 16, MSZP 15, DK 9, LMP 8, PM 5, Together 1, LdU 1, independent 1; composition - men 174, women 25, percent of women 12.6%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -513,7 +513,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economy - overview": {
"text": "Hungary has transitioned from a centrally planned to a market-driven economy with a per capita income approximately two thirds of the EU-28 average; however, in recent years the government has become more involved in managing the economy. Budapest has implemented unorthodox economic policies to boost household consumption and has relied on EU-funded development projects to generate growth. ++   ++ Following the fall of communism in 1990, Hungary experienced a drop-off in exports and financial assistance from the former Soviet Union. Hungary embarked on a series of economic reforms, including privatization of state-owned enterprises and reduction of social spending programs, to shift from a centrally planned to a market-driven economy, and to reorient its economy towards trade with the West. These efforts helped to spur growth, attract investment, and reduce Hungary's debt burden and fiscal deficits. Despite these reforms, living conditions for the average Hungarian initially deteriorated as inflation increased and unemployment reached double digits. Conditions slowly improved over the 1990s as the reforms came to fruition and export growth accelerated. Economic policies instituted during that decade helped position Hungary to join the European Union in 2004. Hungary has not yet joined the euro-zone. Hungary suffered a historic economic contraction as a result of the global economic slowdown in 2008-09 as export demand and domestic consumption dropped, prompting it to take an IMF-EU financial assistance package. ++   ++ Since 2010, the government has backpedaled on many economic reforms and taken a more populist approach towards economic management. The government has favored national industries and government-linked businesses through legislation, regulation, and public procurements. In 2011 and 2014, Hungary nationalized private pension funds, which squeezed financial service providers out of the system, but also helped Hungary curb its public debt and lower its budget deficit to below 3% of GDP, as subsequent pension contributions have been channeled into the state-managed pension fund. Hungary's public debt (at 74.5% of GDP) is still high compared to EU peers in Central Europe. Real GDP growth has been robust in the past few years due to increased EU funding, higher EU demand for Hungarian exports, and a rebound in domestic household consumption. To further boost household consumption ahead of the 2018 election, the government embarked on a six-year phased increase to minimum wages and public sector salaries, decreased taxes on foodstuffs and services, cut the personal income tax from 16% to 15%, and implemented a uniform 9% business tax for small and medium-sized enterprises and large companies. Real GDP growth slowed in 2016 due to a cyclical decrease in EU funding, but increased to 3.8% in 2017 as the government pre-financed EU funded projects ahead of the 2018 election. ++   ++ Systemic economic challenges include pervasive corruption, labor shortages driven by demographic declines and migration, widespread poverty in rural areas, vulnerabilities to changes in demand for exports, and a heavy reliance on Russian energy imports."
"text": "Hungary has transitioned from a centrally planned to a market-driven economy with a per capita income approximately two thirds of the EU-28 average; however, in recent years the government has become more involved in managing the economy. Budapest has implemented unorthodox economic policies to boost household consumption and has relied on EU-funded development projects to generate growth. ++ ++ Following the fall of communism in 1990, Hungary experienced a drop-off in exports and financial assistance from the former Soviet Union. Hungary embarked on a series of economic reforms, including privatization of state-owned enterprises and reduction of social spending programs, to shift from a centrally planned to a market-driven economy, and to reorient its economy towards trade with the West. These efforts helped to spur growth, attract investment, and reduce Hungary's debt burden and fiscal deficits. Despite these reforms, living conditions for the average Hungarian initially deteriorated as inflation increased and unemployment reached double digits. Conditions slowly improved over the 1990s as the reforms came to fruition and export growth accelerated. Economic policies instituted during that decade helped position Hungary to join the European Union in 2004. Hungary has not yet joined the euro-zone. Hungary suffered a historic economic contraction as a result of the global economic slowdown in 2008-09 as export demand and domestic consumption dropped, prompting it to take an IMF-EU financial assistance package. ++ ++ Since 2010, the government has backpedaled on many economic reforms and taken a more populist approach towards economic management. The government has favored national industries and government-linked businesses through legislation, regulation, and public procurements. In 2011 and 2014, Hungary nationalized private pension funds, which squeezed financial service providers out of the system, but also helped Hungary curb its public debt and lower its budget deficit to below 3% of GDP, as subsequent pension contributions have been channeled into the state-managed pension fund. Hungary's public debt (at 74.5% of GDP) is still high compared to EU peers in Central Europe. Real GDP growth has been robust in the past few years due to increased EU funding, higher EU demand for Hungarian exports, and a rebound in domestic household consumption. To further boost household consumption ahead of the 2018 election, the government embarked on a six-year phased increase to minimum wages and public sector salaries, decreased taxes on foodstuffs and services, cut the personal income tax from 16% to 15%, and implemented a uniform 9% business tax for small and medium-sized enterprises and large companies. Real GDP growth slowed in 2016 due to a cyclical decrease in EU funding, but increased to 3.8% in 2017 as the government pre-financed EU funded projects ahead of the 2018 election. ++ ++ Systemic economic challenges include pervasive corruption, labor shortages driven by demographic declines and migration, widespread poverty in rural areas, vulnerabilities to changes in demand for exports, and a heavy reliance on Russian energy imports."
},
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"text": "$289.6 billion (2017 est.) / $278.5 billion (2016 est.) / $272.5 billion (2015 est.)",
@ -525,7 +525,7 @@
"text": "$139.2 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "4% (2017 est.) / 2.2% (2016 est.) / 3.4% (2015 est.)"
"text": "4.58% (2019 est.) / 5.44% (2018 est.) / 4.45% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$29,600 (2017 est.) / $28,300 (2016 est.) / $27,600 (2015 est.)",
@ -577,7 +577,7 @@
"text": "7.4% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "4.599 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "4.414 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -591,7 +591,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "4.2% (2017 est.) / 5.1% (2016 est.)"
"text": "3.45% (2019 est.) / 3.71% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "14.9% (2015 est.)"
@ -634,7 +634,7 @@
"text": "2.4% (2017 est.) / 0.4% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$4.39 billion (2017 est.) / $7.597 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "-$392 million (2019 est.) / $510 million (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$98.74 billion (2017 est.) / $91.6 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -667,7 +667,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -903,7 +903,7 @@
"text": "the inventory of the Hungarian Defense Forces consists largely of Soviet-era weapons, with a smaller mix of more modern European and US equipment; since 2010, Hungary has received limited quantities of equipment from Czechia, Finland, France, Germany, Russia, Sweden, and the US (2019 est.)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "160 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR stabilization force); 160 Iraq (counter-ISIS coalition); 500 Kosovo (NATO) (June 2020)"
"text": "160 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR stabilization force); 150 Iraq (counter-ISIS coalition); 400 Kosovo (NATO) (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; 6-month service obligation (2012)"
@ -918,7 +918,7 @@
"text": "5,950 applicants for forms of legal stay other than asylum (Ukraine) (2015)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "144 (2018)"
"text": "76 (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: 432,744 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-December 2018); Hungary is predominantly a transit country and hosts 137 migrants and asylum seekers as of the end of June 2018; 1,626 migrant arrivals in 2017"

16
europe/ic.json
View file

@ -498,7 +498,7 @@
"text": "$24.48 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "4% (2017 est.) / 7.4% (2016 est.) / 4.5% (2015 est.)"
"text": "1.94% (2019 est.) / 3.88% (2018 est.) / 4.57% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$52,200 (2017 est.) / $51,700 (2016 est.) / $48,900 (2015 est.)",
@ -550,7 +550,7 @@
"text": "2.4% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "198,700 (2017 est.)"
"text": "200,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -564,7 +564,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "2.8% (2017 est.) / 3% (2016 est.)"
"text": "3.62% (2019 est.) / 2.73% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "NA",
@ -604,7 +604,7 @@
"text": "1.8% (2017 est.) / 1.7% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$857 million (2017 est.) / $1.556 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "$1.496 billion (2019 est.) / $814 million (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$4.957 billion (2017 est.) / $4.483 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -637,7 +637,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -735,14 +735,14 @@
"text": "liberalization of the telecommunications sector beginning in the late 1990s has led to increased competition especially in the mobile services segment of the market; 37 per 100 for fixed line and 122 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 354; landing points for the CANTAT-3, FARICE-1, Greenland Connect and DANICE submarine cable system that provides connectivity to Canada, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, UK, Denmark, and Germany; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Iceland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) (2019)"
"text": "country code - 354; landing points for the CANTAT-3, FARICE-1, Greenland Connect and DANICE submarine cable system that provides connectivity to Canada, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, UK, Denmark, and Germany; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Iceland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
}
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "state-owned public TV broadcaster (RUV) operates 21 TV channels nationally (RUV and RUV 2, though RUV 2 is used less frequently);  RUV broadcasts nationally, every household in Iceland is required to have RUV as it doubles as the emergency broadcast network; RUV also operates stringer offices in the north (Akureyri) and the east (Egilsstadir) but operations are all run out of RUV headquarters in Reykjavik;  there are 3 privately owned TV stations;  Stod 2 (Channel 2) is owned by Syn, following 365 Media and Vodafone merger, and is headquartered in Reykjavik;  Syn also operates 4 sports channels under Stod 2;  N4 is the only television station headquartered outside of Reykjavik, in Akureyri, with local programming for the north, south, and east of Iceland;  Hringbraut is the newest station and is headquartered in Reykjavik;  all of these television stations have nationwide penetration as 100% of households have multi-channel services though digital and/or fiber-optic connections ++ RUV operates 3 radio stations (RAS 1, RAS2, and Rondo) as well as 4 regional stations (but they mostly act as range extenders for RUV radio broadcasts nationwide);  there is 1 privately owned radio conglomerate, Syn (4 stations), that broadcasts nationwide, and 3 other radio stations that broadcast to the most densely populated regions of the country.  In addition there are upwards of 20 radio stations that operate regionally (2019)"
"text": "state-owned public TV broadcaster (RUV) operates 21 TV channels nationally (RUV and RUV 2, though RUV 2 is used less frequently); RUV broadcasts nationally, every household in Iceland is required to have RUV as it doubles as the emergency broadcast network; RUV also operates stringer offices in the north (Akureyri) and the east (Egilsstadir) but operations are all run out of RUV headquarters in Reykjavik; there are 3 privately owned TV stations; Stod 2 (Channel 2) is owned by Syn, following 365 Media and Vodafone merger, and is headquartered in Reykjavik; Syn also operates 4 sports channels under Stod 2; N4 is the only television station headquartered outside of Reykjavik, in Akureyri, with local programming for the north, south, and east of Iceland; Hringbraut is the newest station and is headquartered in Reykjavik; all of these television stations have nationwide penetration as 100% of households have multi-channel services though digital and/or fiber-optic connections ++ RUV operates 3 radio stations (RAS 1, RAS2, and Rondo) as well as 4 regional stations (but they mostly act as range extenders for RUV radio broadcasts nationwide); there is 1 privately owned radio conglomerate, Syn (4 stations), that broadcasts nationwide, and 3 other radio stations that broadcast to the most densely populated regions of the country. In addition there are upwards of 20 radio stations that operate regionally (2019)"
},
"Internet country code": {
"text": ".is"
@ -861,7 +861,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "69 (2018)"
"text": "48 (2019)"
}
}
}

10
europe/im.json
View file

@ -300,7 +300,7 @@
}
},
"Legal system": {
"text": "the laws of the UK apply where applicable and include Manx statutes"
"text": "the laws of the UK apply where applicable and include Manx statutes"
},
"Citizenship": {
"note": {
@ -332,10 +332,10 @@
"text": "bicameral Tynwald or the High Court of Tynwald consists of: Legislative Council (11 seats; includes the President of Tynwald, 2 ex-officio members - the Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man and the attorney general (non-voting) - and 8 members indirectly elected by the House of Keys with renewal of 4 members every 2 years; elected members serve 4-year terms) ++ House of Keys (24 seats; 2 members directly elected by simple majority vote from 12 constituencies to serve 5-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Legislative Council - last held 28 February 2018 (next to be held 12 March 2020) ++ House of Keys - last held on 22 September 2016 (next to be held on 23 September 2021)"
"text": "Legislative Council - last held 28 February 2018 (next to be held 12 March 2020) ++ House of Keys - last held on 22 September 2016 (next to be held on 23 September 2021)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "  ++ Legislative Council - composition - men 6, women 5, percent of women 45.5% ++ House of Keys - percent of vote by party - Liberal Vannin 6.4%, independent 92.3%, other 1.3%; seats by party - Liberal Vannin 3, independent 21; composition - men 19, women 5, percent of women 20.8%; note - total Tynwald percent of women 28.6%"
"text": "++ Legislative Council - composition - men 6, women 5, percent of women 45.5% ++ House of Keys - percent of vote by party - Liberal Vannin 6.4%, independent 92.3%, other 1.3%; seats by party - Liberal Vannin 3, independent 21; composition - men 19, women 5, percent of women 20.8%; note - total Tynwald percent of women 28.6%"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: as of January 2019, seats by party - Liberal Vannin 2, independent 22"
@ -367,7 +367,7 @@
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"text": "none (British crown dependency); +(44)(20) 7499-9000; US Embassy London, 33 Nine Elms Lane, London, SW11 7US, United Kingdom"
"text": "none (British crown dependency)"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "red with the Three Legs of Man emblem (triskelion), in the center; the three legs are joined at the thigh and bent at the knee; in order to have the toes pointing clockwise on both sides of the flag, a two-sided emblem is used; the flag is based on the coat of arms of the last recognized Norse King of Mann, Magnus III (r. 1252-65); the triskelion has its roots in an early Celtic sun symbol"
@ -526,7 +526,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
}
},

20
europe/it.json
View file

@ -440,7 +440,7 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of: Senate or Senato della Repubblica (321 seats; 116 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 193 members in multi-seat constituencies and 6 members in multi-seat constituencies abroad directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 6 ex-officio members appointed by the president of the Republic to serve for life) ++ Chamber of Deputies or Camera dei Deputati (630 seats; 629 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member from Valle d'Aosta elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - a 29 March 2020 referendum on the proposed reduction of Parliament membership has been postponed indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic"
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of: Senate or Senato della Repubblica (321 seats; 116 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 193 members in multi-seat constituencies and 6 members in multi-seat constituencies abroad directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 6 ex-officio members appointed by the president of the Republic to serve for life) ++ Chamber of Deputies or Camera dei Deputati (630 seats; 629 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member from Valle d'Aosta elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - a 29 March 2020 referendum on the proposed reduction of Parliament membership has been postponed indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Senate - last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023) ++ Chamber of Deputies - last held on 4 March 2018 (next to be held in March 2023)"
@ -544,7 +544,7 @@
"text": "$1.939 trillion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "1.5% (2017 est.) / 0.9% (2016 est.) / 1% (2015 est.)"
"text": "0.34% (2019 est.) / 0.83% (2018 est.) / 1.73% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$38,200 (2017 est.) / $37,600 (2016 est.) / $37,200 (2015 est.)",
@ -596,7 +596,7 @@
"text": "2.1% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "25.94 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "22.92 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -610,7 +610,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "11.3% (2017 est.) / 11.7% (2016 est.)"
"text": "9.88% (2019 est.) / 10.63% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "29.9% (2012 est.)"
@ -650,7 +650,7 @@
"text": "1.3% (2017 est.) / -0.1% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$53.42 billion (2017 est.) / $47.64 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "$59.517 billion (2019 est.) / $51.735 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$496.3 billion (2017 est.) / $454.1 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -683,7 +683,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -775,13 +775,13 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "well-developed, fully automated telephone, and data services; highest mobile penetration rates in Europe, benefitted from progressive govt. programs aimed at developing fiber in broadband sector; leading edge of development with 5G in 6 cities; regulator consults on extending 3.5 Gz licensing; fiber network reaches 60% of population (2020)"
"text": "well-developed, fully automated telephone, and data services; highest mobile penetration rates in Europe, benefitted from progressive govt. programs aimed at developing fiber in broadband sector; leading edge of development with 5G in 6 cities; regulator consults on extending 3.5 Gz licensing; fiber network reaches 60% of population (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "high-capacity cable and microwave radio relay trunks; 32 per 100 for fixed-line and 133 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 39; landing points for Italy-Monaco, Italy-Libya, Italy-Malta, Italy-Greece-1, Italy-Croatia, BlueMed, Janna, FEA, SeaMeWe-3 & 4 & 5, Trapani-Kelibia, Columbus-III, Didon, GO-1, HANNIBAL System, MENA, Bridge International, Malta-Italy Interconnector, Melita1, IMEWE, VMSCS, AAE-1, and OTEGLOBE, submarine cables that provide links to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, North Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia and US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (with a total of 5 antennas - 3 for Atlantic Ocean and 2 for Indian Ocean) (2019)"
"text": "country code - 39; landing points for Italy-Monaco, Italy-Libya, Italy-Malta, Italy-Greece-1, Italy-Croatia, BlueMed, Janna, FEA, SeaMeWe-3 & 4 & 5, Trapani-Kelibia, Columbus-III, Didon, GO-1, HANNIBAL System, MENA, Bridge International, Malta-Italy Interconnector, Melita1, IMEWE, VMSCS, AAE-1, and OTEGLOBE, submarine cables that provide links to Asia, the Middle East, Europe, North Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia and US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (with a total of 5 antennas - 3 for Atlantic Ocean and 2 for Indian Ocean) (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
@ -936,7 +936,7 @@
"text": "the Italian Armed Forces' inventory includes a mix of domestically-produced, jointly-produced, and imported European and US weapons systems; the US is the leading supplier of weapons to Italy since 2010, followed by Germany; the Italian defense industry is capable of producing equipment across all the military domains with particular strengths in naval vessels and aircraft; it also participates in joint development and production of advanced weapons systems with other European countries and the US (2019)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "900 Afghanistan (NATO); 100 Djibouti; 1,100 Middle East/Iraq/Kuwait (NATO, counter-ISIS campaign, European Assistance Mission Iraq); 540 Kosovo (NATO); 160 Latvia (NATO); 900 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 400 Libya; 290 Niger; 120 Somalia (EUTM); 120 United Arab Emirates (April 2020)"
"text": "900 Afghanistan (NATO); 120 Djibouti; 1,100 Middle East/Iraq/Kuwait (NATO, counter-ISIS campaign, European Assistance Mission Iraq); 620 Kosovo (NATO); 200 Latvia (NATO); 1,050 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 400 Libya; 290 Niger; 150 Somalia (EUTM); 100 United Arab Emirates (April 2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; women may serve in any military branch; Italian citizenship required; 1-year service obligation (2013)"
@ -951,7 +951,7 @@
"text": "25,241 (Nigeria), 20,063 (Pakistan), 17,849 (Afghanistan), 15,842 (Mali), 14,029 (Somalia), 12,968 (Gambia), 8,974 (Bangladesh), 7,659 (Cote d'Ivoire), 7,644 (Senegal), 7,118 (Eritrea), 6,995 (Iraq), 6,353 (Ukraine), 5,953 (Ghana) (2019); note - estimate for Ukraine represents asylum applicants since the beginning of the Ukraine crisis in 2014 to July 2018"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "732 (2018)"
"text": "15,822 (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: 520,474 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals by sea (January 2015-November 2020); hosts an estimated 96,862 migrants and asylum seekers as of the end of October 2019; 23,370 arrivals in 2018"

6
europe/je.json
View file

@ -105,9 +105,9 @@
"text": "Jersey 46.4%, British 32.7%, Portuguese/Madeiran 8.2%, Polish 3.3%, Irish, French, and other white 7.1%, other 2.4% (2011 est.)"
},
"Languages": {
"text": "English (official) 94.5%, Portuguese 4.6%, other .9% (includes French (official) and Jerriais) (2001 est.)",
"text": "English (official) 94.5%, Portuguese 4.6%, other .9% (includes French (official) and Jerriais) (2001 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "note: data represent main spoken language; the traditional language of Jersey is Jerriais or Jersey French (a Norman language), which was spoken by fewer than 3,000 people as of 2001;  two-thirds of Jerriais speakers are aged 60 and over "
"text": "note: data represent main spoken language; the traditional language of Jersey is Jerriais or Jersey French (a Norman language), which was spoken by fewer than 3,000 people as of 2001; two-thirds of Jerriais speakers are aged 60 and over"
}
},
"Religions": {
@ -520,7 +520,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {

2
europe/jn.json
View file

@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
"text": "territory of Norway; since August 1994, administered from Oslo through the county governor (fylkesmann) of Nordland; however, authority has been delegated to a station commander of the Norwegian Defense Communication Service; in 2010, Norway designated the majority of Jan Mayen as a nature reserve"
},
"Legal system": {
"text": "the laws of Norway apply where applicable "
"text": "the laws of Norway apply where applicable"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "the flag of Norway is used"

6
europe/kv.json
View file

@ -288,7 +288,7 @@
},
"Constitution": {
"history": {
"text": "previous 1974, 1990; latest (postindependence) draft finalized 2 April 2008, signed 7 April 2008, ratified 9 April 2008, entered into force 15 June 2008; note - amendment 24, passed by the Assembly in August 2015, established the Kosovo Relocated Specialist Institution, referred to as the Kosovo Specialist Chamber or \"Specialist Court,\" to try war crimes allegedly committed by members of the Kosovo Liberation Army in the late 1990s"
"text": "previous 1974, 1990; latest (postindependence) draft finalized 2 April 2008, signed 7 April 2008, ratified 9 April 2008, entered into force 15 June 2008; note - amendment 24, passed by the Assembly in August 2015, established the Kosovo Relocated Specialist Institution, referred to as the Kosovo Specialist Chamber or \"Specialist Court,\" to try war crimes allegedly committed by members of the Kosovo Liberation Army in the late 1990s"
},
"amendments": {
"text": "proposed by the government, by the president of the republic, or by one fourth of Assembly deputies; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, including two-thirds majority vote of deputies representing non-majority communities, followed by a favorable Constitutional Court assessment; amended several times, last in 2016"
@ -576,7 +576,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -668,7 +668,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Kosovo being part of the EU pre-accession process has helped with their progress in the telecom industry, following a regulatory framework, European standards, and a market of new players encourages development in its telecommunications; 2 MNOs dominate the sector; poor telecom infrastructure means low fixed-line penetration; little expansion of fiber networks for broadband; expansion of LTE services (2020)"
"text": "Kosovo being part of the EU pre-accession process has helped with their progress in the telecom industry, following a regulatory framework, European standards, and a market of new players encourages development in its telecommunications; 2 MNOs dominate the sector; poor telecom infrastructure means low fixed-line penetration; little expansion of fiber networks for broadband; expansion of LTE services (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line stands at 6 per 100 and mobile-cellular 32 per 100 persons (2019)"

16
europe/lg.json
View file

@ -437,7 +437,7 @@
"text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 May 2019 (next to be held in 2023); prime minister appointed by the president, confirmed by Parliament"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Egils LEVITS elected president; Parliament vote - Egils LEVITS 61 votes, Didzis SMITS 24, Juris JANSONS 8; Krisjanis KARINS confirmed prime minister 61-39"
"text": "Egils LEVITS elected president; Parliament vote - Egils LEVITS 61 votes, Didzis SMITS 24, Juris JANSONS 8; Krisjanis KARINS confirmed prime minister 61-39"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -531,7 +531,7 @@
"text": "$30.33 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "4.5% (2017 est.) / 2.2% (2016 est.) / 3% (2015 est.)"
"text": "2.08% (2019 est.) / 4.2% (2018 est.) / 3.23% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$27,700 (2017 est.) / $26,200 (2016 est.) / $25,500 (2015 est.)",
@ -583,7 +583,7 @@
"text": "10.6% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "990,000 (2017 est.)"
"text": "885,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -597,7 +597,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "8.7% (2017 est.) / 9.6% (2016 est.)"
"text": "6.14% (2019 est.) / 6.51% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "25.5% (2015)"
@ -637,7 +637,7 @@
"text": "2.9% (2017 est.) / 0.1% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "-$231 million (2017 est.) / $378 million (2016 est.)"
"text": "-$222 million (2019 est.) / -$99 million (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$12.84 billion (2017 est.) / $11.35 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -670,7 +670,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -762,7 +762,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "recent efforts focused on bringing competition to the telecommunications sector; the number of fixed-line is decreasing as mobile-cellular telephone service expands; EU regulatory policies, and framework provide guidelines for growth; govt. adopted measures to build a national fiber broadband network, part-funded by European Commission; new competition in mobile markets with extensive LTE-A technologies and 5G service growth (2020)"
"text": "recent efforts focused on bringing competition to the telecommunications sector; the number of fixed-line is decreasing as mobile-cellular telephone service expands; EU regulatory policies, and framework provide guidelines for growth; govt. adopted measures to build a national fiber broadband network, part-funded by European Commission; new competition in mobile markets with extensive LTE-A technologies and 5G service growth (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line 12 per 100 and mobile-cellular 109 per 100 subscriptions (2019)"
@ -914,7 +914,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "224,844 (2018); note - individuals who were Latvian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants were recognized as Latvian citizens when the country's independence was restored in 1991; citizens of the former Soviet Union residing in Latvia who have neither Latvian nor other citizenship are considered non-citizens (officially there is no statelessness in Latvia) and are entitled to non-citizen passports; children born after Latvian independence to stateless parents are entitled to Latvian citizenship upon their parents' request; non-citizens cannot vote or hold certain government jobs and are exempt from military service but can travel visa-free in the EU under the Schengen accord like Latvian citizens; non-citizens can obtain naturalization if they have been permanent residents of Latvia for at least five years, pass tests in Latvian language and history, and know the words of the Latvian national anthem"
"text": "216,851 (2019); note - individuals who were Latvian citizens prior to the 1940 Soviet occupation and their descendants were recognized as Latvian citizens when the country's independence was restored in 1991; citizens of the former Soviet Union residing in Latvia who have neither Latvian nor other citizenship are considered non-citizens (officially there is no statelessness in Latvia) and are entitled to non-citizen passports; children born after Latvian independence to stateless parents are entitled to Latvian citizenship upon their parents' request; non-citizens cannot vote or hold certain government jobs and are exempt from military service but can travel visa-free in the EU under the Schengen accord like Latvian citizens; non-citizens can obtain naturalization if they have been permanent residents of Latvia for at least five years, pass tests in Latvian language and history, and know the words of the Latvian national anthem"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

18
europe/lh.json
View file

@ -416,7 +416,7 @@
"text": "President Gitanas NAUSEDA (since 12 July 2019)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "Prime Minister Saulius SKVERNELIS (since 13 December 2016)"
"text": "Prime Minister Ingrida SIMONYTE (since 24 November 2020)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, and approved by Parliament"
@ -522,7 +522,7 @@
"text": "$47.26 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "3.9% (2017 est.) / 2.3% (2016 est.) / 2% (2015 est.)"
"text": "4.33% (2019 est.) / 3.99% (2018 est.) / 4.37% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$32,400 (2017 est.) / $30,700 (2016 est.) / $29,600 (2015 est.)",
@ -574,7 +574,7 @@
"text": "5.9% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "1.467 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "1.333 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -588,7 +588,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "7.1% (2017 est.) / 7.9% (2016 est.)"
"text": "8.4% (2019 est.) / 8.5% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "22.2% (2015 est.)"
@ -628,7 +628,7 @@
"text": "3.7% (2017 est.) / 0.7% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$364 million (2017 est.) / -$479 million (2016 est.)"
"text": "$1.817 billion (2019 est.) / $131 million (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$29.12 billion (2017 est.) / $24.23 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -661,7 +661,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -753,13 +753,13 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "adequate; improved international capability and better residential access; SIM card penetration is high for the region; prepaid sector accounts for most subscribers; postpaid subscribers is increasing; LTE networks available to more than 99% of the population; Lithuanian FttP (fiber to the home cable connections for Internet) penetration ranked third highest in Europe; govt. and telecoms invest in fiber, fiber accounts for most new broadband connections; effective competition with 3 network operators in mobile sector and all investing in LTE and mobile data services (2020)"
"text": "adequate; improved international capability and better residential access; SIM card penetration is high for the region; prepaid sector accounts for most subscribers; postpaid subscribers is increasing; LTE networks available to more than 99% of the population; Lithuanian FttP (fiber to the home cable connections for Internet) penetration ranked third highest in Europe; govt. and telecoms invest in fiber, fiber accounts for most new broadband connections; effective competition with 3 network operators in mobile sector and all investing in LTE and mobile data services (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "13 per 100 for fixed-line subscriptions; rapid expansion of mobile-cellular services has resulted in a steady decline in the number of fixed-line connections; mobile-cellular teledensity stands at about 169 per 100 persons (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 370; landing points for the BCS East, BCS East-West Interlink and NordBalt connecting Lithuania to Sweden, and Latvia ; further transmission by satellite; landline connections to Latvia and Poland (2019)"
"text": "country code - 370; landing points for the BCS East, BCS East-West Interlink and NordBalt connecting Lithuania to Sweden, and Latvia ; further transmission by satellite; landline connections to Latvia and Poland (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
@ -914,7 +914,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "3,039 (2018)"
"text": "2,904 (2019)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

16
europe/lo.json
View file

@ -503,7 +503,7 @@
"text": "$95.96 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "3.4% (2017 est.) / 3.3% (2016 est.) / 3.9% (2015 est.)"
"text": "2.4% (2019 est.) / 3.9% (2018 est.) / 3.04% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$33,100 (2017 est.) / $32,000 (2016 est.) / $31,000 (2015 est.)",
@ -555,7 +555,7 @@
"text": "2.7% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "2.758 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "2.511 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -569,7 +569,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "8.1% (2017 est.) / 9.7% (2016 est.)"
"text": "5% (2019 est.) / 5.42% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "12.3% (2015 est.)"
@ -609,7 +609,7 @@
"text": "1.3% (2017 est.) / -0.5% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "-$2.005 billion (2017 est.) / -$1.309 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "-$3.026 billion (2019 est.) / -$2.635 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$80.8 billion (2017 est.) / $75.53 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -642,7 +642,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -734,7 +734,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "a modern telecommunications system; near monopoly of fixed-line market; competition in mobile and fixed broadband market; broadband growth in recent years; competition among DSL, cable and fiber platforms; FttP growth in cities; mid-2019 launched 1G cable broadband service in 3 cities and 200,000 premises; EU funds development and improvement of e-govt. and online services; regulator prepares groundwork for 5G services (2020)"
"text": "a modern telecommunications system; near monopoly of fixed-line market; competition in mobile and fixed broadband market; broadband growth in recent years; competition among DSL, cable and fiber platforms; FttP growth in cities; mid-2019 launched 1G cable broadband service in 3 cities and 200,000 premises; EU funds development and improvement of e-govt. and online services; regulator prepares groundwork for 5G services (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "four companies have a license to operate cellular networks and provide nationwide cellular services; a few other companies provide services but do not have their own networks; fixed-line 12 per 100 and mobile-cellular 136 per 100 teledensity (2019)"
@ -863,7 +863,7 @@
"text": "the inventory of the Slovakian military consists mostly of Soviet-era platforms; since 2010, it has imported limited quantities of equipment from China, Czechia, Italy, Russia, and the US (2019 est.)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "240 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 150 Latvia (NATO) (March 2020)"
"text": "240 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 150 Latvia (NATO) (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription in peacetime suspended in 2006; women are eligible to serve (2012)"
@ -875,7 +875,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,523 (2018)"
"text": "1,523 (2019)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

13
europe/ls.json
View file

@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
"text": "German 91.5% (official) (Alemannic is the main dialect), Italian 1.5%, Turkish 1.3%, Portuguese 1.1%, other 4.6% (2015 est.)"
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Roman Catholic (official) 73.4%, Protestant Reformed 6.3%, Muslim 5.9%,  Christian Orthodox 1.3%, Lutheran 1.2%, other Protestant .7%, other Christian .3%, other .8%, none 7%, unspecified 3.3% (2015 est.)"
"text": "Roman Catholic (official) 73.4%, Protestant Reformed 6.3%, Muslim 5.9%, Christian Orthodox 1.3%, Lutheran 1.2%, other Protestant .7%, other Christian .3%, other .8%, none 7%, unspecified 3.3% (2015 est.)"
},
"Age structure": {
"0-14 years": {
@ -406,12 +406,7 @@
}
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"telephone": {
"text": "EMER: +(41) (031) 357-7011"
},
"embassy": {
"text": "the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein; the US Ambassador to Switzerland is accredited to Liechtenstein"
}
"text": "the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein; the US Ambassador to Switzerland is accredited to Liechtenstein"
},
"Flag description": {
"text": "two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band; the colors may derive from the blue and red livery design used in the principality's household in the 18th century; the prince's crown was introduced in 1937 to distinguish the flag from that of Haiti"
@ -549,7 +544,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -590,7 +585,7 @@
"text": "fixed-line 37 per 100 and mobile-cellular services 127 per 100 (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 423; linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay"
"text": "country code - 423; linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"

16
europe/lu.json
View file

@ -408,7 +408,7 @@
"text": "unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - a 21-member Council of State appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last held on 14 October 2018 (next to be held by October 2023)"
"text": "last held on 14 October 2018 (next to be held by October 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - CSV 28.3%, LSAP 17.6%, DP 16.9%, Green Party 15.1%, ADR 8.3%, Pirate Party 6.4%, The Left 5.5%, other 1.9%; seats by party - CSV 21, DP 12, LSAP 10, Green Party 9, ADR 4, Pirate Party 2, The Left 2; composition - men 46, women 14, percent of women 23.3%"
@ -497,7 +497,7 @@
"text": "$62.53 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "2.3% (2017 est.) / 3.1% (2016 est.) / 2.9% (2015 est.)"
"text": "2.31% (2019 est.) / 3.14% (2018 est.) / 1.81% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$105,100 (2017 est.) / $105,400 (2016 est.) / $104,600 (2015 est.)",
@ -549,7 +549,7 @@
"text": "1.9% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "282,800 (2017 est.)",
"text": "476,000 (2020 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "note: data exclude foreign workers; in addition to the figure for domestic labor force, about 150,000 workers commute daily from France, Belgium, and Germany"
}
@ -566,7 +566,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "5.8% (2017 est.) / 6.3% (2016 est.)"
"text": "5.36% (2019 est.) / 5.46% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "NA"
@ -606,7 +606,7 @@
"text": "2.1% (2017 est.) / 0% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$3.112 billion (2017 est.) / $2.988 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "$3.254 billion (2019 est.) / $3.296 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$15.99 billion (2017 est.) / $16.37 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -639,7 +639,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -731,7 +731,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "highly developed; by 2020 the government is to provide a 1Gb/s service to all citizens, and to make Luxembourg the first fully fibered country in Europe; new law requiring SIM cards be registered has slowed down growth for mobile subscribers; regulator planning a multi-spectrum auction for 5G use by mid-2020 (2020)"
"text": "highly developed; by 2020 the government is to provide a 1Gb/s service to all citizens, and to make Luxembourg the first fully fibered country in Europe; new law requiring SIM cards be registered has slowed down growth for mobile subscribers; regulator planning a multi-spectrum auction for 5G use by mid-2020 (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line teledensity about 43 per 100 persons; nationwide mobile-cellular telephone system with market for mobile-cellular phones virtually saturated with 136 per 100 mobile-cellular (2019)"
@ -862,7 +862,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "83 (2018)"
"text": "83 (2019)"
}
}
}

10
europe/md.json
View file

@ -473,7 +473,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Dereck J. HOGAN (since 15 October 2018)"
"text": "Ambassador Dereck J. HOGAN (since 15 October 2018)"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[373] (22) 40-8300"
@ -589,7 +589,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "4.1% (2017 est.) / 4.2% (2016 est.)"
"text": "4.99% (2019 est.) / 3.16% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "9.6% (2015 est.)"
@ -662,7 +662,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -763,7 +763,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "the mobile market has extended the reach of services to outside the cities and across most of the country; endeavors to join the EU have promoted regulatory issues to be in line with EU principles and standards; LTE services available; market is competitive with 94 ISPs active; by mid-2019 fiber accounted for about 62% of all fixed broadband connections; most telecom revenue is from the mobile market (2020)"
"text": "the mobile market has extended the reach of services to outside the cities and across most of the country; endeavors to join the EU have promoted regulatory issues to be in line with EU principles and standards; LTE services available; market is competitive with 94 ISPs active; by mid-2019 fiber accounted for about 62% of all fixed broadband connections; most telecom revenue is from the mobile market (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "competition among mobile telephone providers has spurred subscriptions; little interest in expanding fixed-line service 27 per 100; mobile-cellular teledensity sits at 89 per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -910,7 +910,7 @@
"text": "6,779 applicants for forms of legal stay other than asylum (Ukraine) (2015)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "4,451 (2018)"
"text": "3,500 (2019)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

12
europe/mj.json
View file

@ -499,7 +499,7 @@
"text": "use embassy street address"
},
"FAX": {
"text": "[382]  20-241-358"
"text": "[382] 20-241-358"
}
},
"Flag description": {
@ -586,7 +586,7 @@
"text": "-4.2% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "273,200 (2017 est.)"
"text": "167,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -600,7 +600,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "16.1% (2017 est.) / 17.1% (2016 est.)"
"text": "15.82% (2019 est.) / 18.8% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "8.6% (2013 est.)"
@ -661,7 +661,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -766,7 +766,7 @@
}
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "state-funded national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial TV networks, 1 satellite TV channel, and 2 radio networks; 4 local public TV stations and 14 private TV stations; 14 local public radio stations, 35 private radio stations, and several on-line media (2019)"
"text": "state-funded national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial TV networks, 1 satellite TV channel, and 2 radio networks; 4 local public TV stations and 14 private TV stations; 14 local public radio stations, 35 private radio stations, and several on-line media (2019)"
},
"Internet country code": {
"text": ".me"
@ -887,7 +887,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "145 (2018)"
"text": "142 (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: 17,051 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2020)"

16
europe/mk.json
View file

@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
}
},
"Languages": {
"text": "Macedonian (official) 66.5%, Albanian 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Romani 1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other (includes Aromanian (Vlach) and Bosnian) 1.8% (2002 est.)",
"text": "Macedonian (official) 66.5%, Albanian 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Romani 1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other (includes Aromanian (Vlach) and Bosnian) 1.8% (2002 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "note: minority languages are co-official with Macedonian in municipalities where they are spoken by at least 20% of the population; Albanian is co-official in Tetovo, Brvenica, Vrapciste, and other municipalities; Turkish is co-official in Centar Zupa and Plasnica; Romani is co-official in Suto Orizari; Aromanian is co-official in Krusevo; Serbian is co-official in Cucer Sandevo"
}
@ -434,7 +434,7 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "unicameral Assembly - Sobraine in Macedonian, Kuvend in Albanian (between 120 and 140 seats, currently 120; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote; possibility of 3 directly elected in diaspora constituencies by simple majority vote provided there is sufficient voter turnout; members serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "unicameral Assembly - Sobraine in Macedonian, Kuvend in Albanian (between 120 and 140 seats, currently 120; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote; possibility of 3 directly elected in diaspora constituencies by simple majority vote provided there is sufficient voter turnout; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "last election was to be held on 12 April 2020 but was postponed until 15 July 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic (next to be held in 2024)"
@ -458,7 +458,7 @@
"text": "Alliance for Albanians or AfA [Ziadin SELA] ++ Alternative (Alternativa) [Afrim GASHI] ++ Besa Movement [Bilal KASAMI] ++ Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSh [Menduh THACI] ++ Democratic Union for Integration or BDI [Ali AHMETI] ++ Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE [Hristijan MICKOSKI] ++ Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - People's Party or VMRO-NP [Ljubco GEORGIEVSKI] ++ Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Goran MILEVSKI] ++ Renewal (VMRO-DPMNE coalition) ++ Social Democratic Union of Macedonia or SDSM [Zoran ZAEV] ++ The Left (Levica) [Dimitar APASIEV] ++ Turkish Democratic Party of DPT [Beycan ILYAS] ++ We Can (coalition includes SDSM/Besa/VMRO-NP, DPT, LDP)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EU (candidate country), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
"text": "BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EU (candidate country), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO"
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
@ -514,7 +514,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economy - overview": {
"text": "Since its independence in 1991, Macedonia has made progress in liberalizing its economy and improving its business environment. Its low tax rates and free economic zones have helped to attract foreign investment, which is still low relative to the rest of Europe. Corruption and weak rule of law remain significant problems. Some businesses complain of opaque regulations and unequal enforcement of the law. ++   ++ Macedonia's economy is closely linked to Europe as a customer for exports and source of investment, and has suffered as a result of prolonged weakness in the euro zone. Unemployment has remained consistently high at about 23% but may be overstated based on the existence of an extensive gray market, estimated to be between 20% and 45% of GDP, which is not captured by official statistics. ++   ++ Macedonia is working to build a country-wide natural gas pipeline and distribution network. Currently, Macedonia receives its small natural gas supplies from Russia via Bulgaria. In 2016, Macedonia signed a memorandum of understanding with Greece to build an interconnector that could connect to the Trans Adriatic Pipeline that will traverse the region once complete, or to an LNG import terminal in Greece. ++   ++ Macedonia maintained macroeconomic stability through the global financial crisis by conducting prudent monetary policy, which keeps the domestic currency pegged to the euro, and inflation at a low level. However, in the last two years, the internal political crisis has hampered economic performance, with GDP growth slowing in 2016 and 2017, and both domestic private and public investments declining. Fiscal policies were lax, with unproductive public expenditures, including subsidies and pension increases, and rising guarantees for the debt of state owned enterprises, and fiscal targets were consistently missed. In 2017, public debt stabilized at about 47% of GDP, still relatively low compared to its Western Balkan neighbors and the rest of Europe."
"text": "Since its independence in 1991, Macedonia has made progress in liberalizing its economy and improving its business environment. Its low tax rates and free economic zones have helped to attract foreign investment, which is still low relative to the rest of Europe. Corruption and weak rule of law remain significant problems. Some businesses complain of opaque regulations and unequal enforcement of the law. ++ ++ Macedonia's economy is closely linked to Europe as a customer for exports and source of investment, and has suffered as a result of prolonged weakness in the euro zone. Unemployment has remained consistently high at about 23% but may be overstated based on the existence of an extensive gray market, estimated to be between 20% and 45% of GDP, which is not captured by official statistics. ++ ++ Macedonia is working to build a country-wide natural gas pipeline and distribution network. Currently, Macedonia receives its small natural gas supplies from Russia via Bulgaria. In 2016, Macedonia signed a memorandum of understanding with Greece to build an interconnector that could connect to the Trans Adriatic Pipeline that will traverse the region once complete, or to an LNG import terminal in Greece. ++ ++ Macedonia maintained macroeconomic stability through the global financial crisis by conducting prudent monetary policy, which keeps the domestic currency pegged to the euro, and inflation at a low level. However, in the last two years, the internal political crisis has hampered economic performance, with GDP growth slowing in 2016 and 2017, and both domestic private and public investments declining. Fiscal policies were lax, with unproductive public expenditures, including subsidies and pension increases, and rising guarantees for the debt of state owned enterprises, and fiscal targets were consistently missed. In 2017, public debt stabilized at about 47% of GDP, still relatively low compared to its Western Balkan neighbors and the rest of Europe."
},
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"text": "$31.03 billion (2017 est.) / $31.02 billion (2016 est.) / $30.15 billion (2015 est.)",
@ -578,7 +578,7 @@
"text": "-7.8% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "950,800 (2017 est.)"
"text": "793,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -592,7 +592,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "22.4% (2017 est.) / 23.8% (2016 est.)"
"text": "17.29% (2019 est.) / 20.7% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "21.5% (2015 est.)"
@ -665,7 +665,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -870,7 +870,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "571 (2018)"
"text": "567 (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: 506,774 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-August 2020); North Macedonia is predominantly a transit country and hosts fewer than 50 refugees and asylum seekers as of October 2017; 3,132 migrant arrivals in 2018"

6
europe/mn.json
View file

@ -539,7 +539,7 @@
},
"Debt - external": {
"note": {
"text": " NA"
"text": "NA"
}
},
"Exchange rates": {
@ -549,7 +549,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
}
},
@ -616,7 +616,7 @@
},
"Railways": {
"note": {
"text": "note: Monaco has a single railway station but does not operate its own train service;  the French operator SNCF operates rail services in Monaco"
"text": "note: Monaco has a single railway station but does not operate its own train service; the French operator SNCF operates rail services in Monaco"
}
},
"Ports and terminals": {

14
europe/mt.json
View file

@ -512,7 +512,7 @@
"text": "$12.58 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "6.7% (2017 est.) / 5.2% (2016 est.) / 9.5% (2015 est.)"
"text": "4.94% (2019 est.) / 5.17% (2018 est.) / 8.03% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$41,900 (2017 est.) / $40,100 (2016 est.) / $39,000 (2015 est.)",
@ -564,7 +564,7 @@
"text": "-3.3% (2016 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "206,300 (2017 est.)"
"text": "223,000 (2019 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -578,7 +578,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "4.6% (2017 est.) / 5.3% (2016 est.)"
"text": "0.78% (2019 est.) / 0.89% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "16.3% (2015 est.)"
@ -618,7 +618,7 @@
"text": "1.3% (2017 est.) / 0.9% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$1.712 billion (2017 est.) / $788 million (2016 est.)"
"text": "$1.561 billion (2019 est.) / $1.55 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$3.272 billion (2017 est.) / $2.493 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -651,7 +651,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -743,10 +743,10 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "one of the most advanced telecoms in Europe, high penetration of mobile and broadband, and a way forward to expand e-commerce opportunities; stimulated by regulator measures to reduce consumer prices; extensive FttP network and investment in LTE and fiber thru 2023; launches 5G ready network (2020)"
"text": "one of the most advanced telecoms in Europe, high penetration of mobile and broadband, and a way forward to expand e-commerce opportunities; stimulated by regulator measures to reduce consumer prices; extensive FttP network and investment in LTE and fiber thru 2023; launches 5G ready network (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line 58 per 100  persons and mobile-cellular subscribership 144 per 100 persons; automatic system featuring submarine cable and microwave radio relay between islands (2019)"
"text": "fixed-line 58 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular subscribership 144 per 100 persons; automatic system featuring submarine cable and microwave radio relay between islands (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 356; landing points for the Malta-Gozo Cable, VMSCS, GO-1 Mediterranean Cable System, Malta Italy Interconnector, Melita-1, and the Italy-Malta submarine cable connections to Italy; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)"

20
europe/nl.json
View file

@ -457,7 +457,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation in the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Andre HASPELS (since 16 September 2019)"
"text": "Ambassador Andre HASPELS (since 16 September 2019)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "4200 Linnean Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008"
@ -524,7 +524,7 @@
"text": "$832.2 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "2.9% (2017 est.) / 2.2% (2016 est.) / 2% (2015 est.)"
"text": "1.63% (2019 est.) / 2.32% (2018 est.) / 3.02% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$53,900 (2017 est.) / $52,800 (2016 est.) / $51,900 (2015 est.)",
@ -576,7 +576,7 @@
"text": "3.3% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "7.969 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "8.907 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -590,7 +590,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "4.9% (2017 est.) / 6% (2016 est.)"
"text": "3.41% (2019 est.) / 3.84% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "8.8% (2015 est.)"
@ -630,7 +630,7 @@
"text": "1.3% (2017 est.) / 0.1% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$87.46 billion (2017 est.) / $62.92 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "$90.207 billion (2019 est.) / $98.981 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$555.6 billion (2017 est.) / $495.4 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -663,7 +663,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -758,7 +758,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "highly developed and well maintained; while fixed-line voice market is in decline the VoIP (voice over Internet protocol) and mobile platforms advance; one of the highest fixed broadband penetration rates in the world, due to government investments; plans for 3G network shutdown in 2022; operators are concentrating investment on LTE-A and 5G services; MNOs and banks launch m-payments system (2020)"
"text": "highly developed and well maintained; while fixed-line voice market is in decline the VoIP (voice over Internet protocol) and mobile platforms advance; one of the highest fixed broadband penetration rates in the world, due to government investments; plans for 3G network shutdown in 2022; operators are concentrating investment on LTE-A and 5G services; MNOs and banks launch m-payments system (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "extensive fixed-line, fiber-optic network; large cellular telephone system with five major operators utilizing the third generation of the Global System for Mobile Communications technology; one in five households now use Voice over the Internet Protocol services; fixed-line 33 per 100 and mobile-cellular 127 per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -907,7 +907,7 @@
"text": "the inventory of the Netherlands Armed Forces consists of a mix of domestically-produced and modern European- and US-sourced equipment; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of weapons systems to the Netherlands, followed by Germany, Italy, and Sweden; the Netherlands has an advanced domestic defense industry that focuses on armored vehicles, naval ships, and air defense systems; it also participates with the US and other European countries on joint development and production of advanced weapons systems (2019)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "160 Afghanistan (NATO); 270 Lithuania (NATO) (June 2020)"
"text": "160 Afghanistan (NATO); 270 Lithuania (NATO) (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "17 years of age for an all-volunteer force (2016)"
@ -930,10 +930,10 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "32,092 (Syria), 15,478 (Somalia), 14,931 (Eritrea), 9,259 (Iraq), 6,267 (Afghanistan) (2017)"
"text": "31,694 (Syria), 14,809 (Eritrea), 13,007 (Somalia), 8,423 (Iraq), 5,815 (Afghanistan) (2019)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "1,951 (2018)"
"text": "1,951 (2019)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

24
europe/no.json
View file

@ -418,7 +418,7 @@
"text": "Prime Minister Erna SOLBERG (since 16 October 2013)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Council  of State appointed by the monarch, approved by Parliament"
"text": "Council of State appointed by the monarch, approved by Parliament"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following parliamentary elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch with the approval of the parliament"
@ -518,7 +518,7 @@
"text": "$398.8 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "1.9% (2017 est.) / 1.1% (2016 est.) / 2% (2015 est.)"
"text": "0.86% (2019 est.) / 1.36% (2018 est.) / 2.75% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$72,100 (2017 est.) / $71,200 (2016 est.) / $71,100 (2015 est.)",
@ -570,7 +570,7 @@
"text": "1.5% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "2.797 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "2.699 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -584,7 +584,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "4.2% (2017 est.) / 4.7% (2016 est.)"
"text": "3.72% (2019 est.) / 3.89% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "NA"
@ -624,7 +624,7 @@
"text": "1.9% (2017 est.) / 3.6% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$22.01 billion (2017 est.) / $14.09 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "$16.656 billion (2019 est.) / $31.111 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$102.8 billion (2017 est.) / $88.88 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -660,7 +660,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -752,13 +752,13 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "one of the most advanced telecommunications networks in Europe; high mobile and broadband penetration rates and highly developed digital media sector; forward leaning in LTE-A developments; migrate all DSL subscribers to fiber by 2023; looking to close 2G and 3G networks by 2025; regulator competes 700 MHz auction and assigns spectrum for 5G, partners with Chinese company Huawei (2020)"
"text": "one of the most advanced telecommunications networks in Europe; high mobile and broadband penetration rates and highly developed digital media sector; forward leaning in LTE-A developments; migrate all DSL subscribers to fiber by 2023; looking to close 2G and 3G networks by 2025; regulator competes 700 MHz auction and assigns spectrum for 5G, partners with Chinese company Huawei (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "Norway has a domestic satellite system; the prevalence of rural areas encourages the wide use of mobile-cellular systems; fixed-line 11 per 100 and mobile-cellular 107 per 100 (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 47; landing points for the Svalbard Undersea Cable System, Polar Circle Cable, Bodo-Rost Cable, NOR5KE Viking, Celtic Norse, Tempnet Offshore FOC Network, England Cable, Denmark-Norwary6, Havfrue/AEC-2, Skagerrak 4, and the Skagenfiber West & East submarine cables providing links to other Nordic countries, Europe and the US; satellite earth stations - Eutelsat, Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Norway shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden) (2019)"
"text": "country code - 47; landing points for the Svalbard Undersea Cable System, Polar Circle Cable, Bodo-Rost Cable, NOR5KE Viking, Celtic Norse, Tempnet Offshore FOC Network, England Cable, Denmark-Norwary6, Havfrue/AEC-2, Skagerrak 4, and the Skagenfiber West & East submarine cables providing links to other Nordic countries, Europe and the US; satellite earth stations - Eutelsat, Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Norway shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden) (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
@ -874,7 +874,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Norwegian Armed Forces:  Norwegian Army (Haeren), Royal Norwegian Navy (Kongelige Norske Sjoeforsvaret; includes Coastal Rangers and Coast Guard (Kystvakt)), Royal Norwegian Air Force (Kongelige Norske Luftforsvaret), Home Guard (Heimevernet, HV) (2020)"
"text": "Norwegian Armed Forces: Norwegian Army (Haeren), Royal Norwegian Navy (Kongelige Norske Sjoeforsvaret; includes Coastal Rangers and Coast Guard (Kystvakt)), Royal Norwegian Air Force (Kongelige Norske Luftforsvaret), Home Guard (Heimevernet, HV) (2020)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"text": "1.8% of GDP (2019 est.) / 1.73% of GDP (2018) / 1.71% of GDP (2017) / 1.73% of GDP (2016) / 1.59% of GDP (2015)"
@ -889,7 +889,7 @@
"text": "the Norwegian Armed Forces inventory includes mostly imported European and US weapons systems, as well as a limited mix of domestically-produced equipment, particularly small naval craft; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of weapons systems to Norway, followed by France, Italy, South Korea, and Spain (2019 est.)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "120 Lithuania (NATO) (Oct. 2019)"
"text": "120 Lithuania (NATO) (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "19-35 years of age for male and female selective compulsory military service; 17 years of age for male volunteers (16 in wartime); 18 years of age for women; 19-month service obligation; conscripts first serve 12 months from 19-28, and then up to 4-5 refresher training periods until age 35, 44, 55, or 60 depending on rank and function. (2019)"
@ -901,10 +901,10 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "15,246 (Eritrea), 13,914 (Syria), 7,183 (Somalia), 6,065 (Afghanistan) (2018)"
"text": "14,359 (Syria), 14,038 (Eritrea), 6,518 (Somalia), 5,108 (Afghanistan) (2019)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "2,809 (2018)"
"text": "2,272 (2019)"
}
}
}

20
europe/pl.json
View file

@ -490,7 +490,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Georgette MOSBACHER (since 6 September 2018) "
"text": "Ambassador Georgette MOSBACHER (since 6 September 2018)"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[48] (22) 504-2000"
@ -543,7 +543,7 @@
"text": "$524.8 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "4.7% (2017 est.) / 3% (2016 est.) / 3.8% (2015 est.)"
"text": "4.55% (2019 est.) / 5.36% (2018 est.) / 4.83% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$29,600 (2017 est.) / $28,300 (2016 est.) / $27,500 (2015 est.)",
@ -595,7 +595,7 @@
"text": "7.5% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "17.6 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "9.561 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -609,7 +609,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "4.9% (2017 est.) / 6.2% (2016 est.)"
"text": "5.43% (2019 est.) / 6.08% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "17.6% (2015 est.)"
@ -649,7 +649,7 @@
"text": "2% (2017 est.) / -0.6% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$1.584 billion (2017 est.) / -$1.369 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "$2.92 billion (2019 est.) / -$7.52 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$224.6 billion (2017 est.) / $195.7 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -682,7 +682,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -774,7 +774,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "fixed-line service is dominated by the former state-owned company, yet it is dwarfed by the growth in mobile-cellular services; regulatory is framed by EU principles of competition; regulator measures have improved wholesale market access; rapid extension of LTE networks and development of mobile data service; mobile penetration is above European average; regulator to auction 700MHz spectrum of 5G services; good market competition (2020)"
"text": "fixed-line service is dominated by the former state-owned company, yet it is dwarfed by the growth in mobile-cellular services; regulatory is framed by EU principles of competition; regulator measures have improved wholesale market access; rapid extension of LTE networks and development of mobile data service; mobile penetration is above European average; regulator to auction 700MHz spectrum of 5G services; good market competition (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "several nation-wide networks provide mobile-cellular service; coverage is generally good; fixed-line 18 per 100 service lags in rural areas, mobile-cellular 138 per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -935,7 +935,7 @@
"text": "the inventory of the Polish Armed Forces consists of a mix of Soviet-era and more modern Western weapons systems; since 2010, the leading suppliers of armaments to Poland are Finland, Germany, Italy, and the US (2019 est.)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "360 Afghanistan (NATO); 230 Kosovo (NATO); up to 200 Latvia (NATO); 220 Lebanon (UNIFIL); contributes about 3,500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units (April 2020)"
"text": "360 Afghanistan (NATO); 230 Kosovo (NATO); up to 200 Latvia (NATO); 220 Lebanon (UNIFIL); contributes about 3,500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Warsaw and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription phased out in 2009-12; professional soldiers serve on a permanent basis (for an unspecified period of time) or on a contract basis (for a specified period of time); initial contract period is 24 months; women serve in the military on the same terms as men (2019)"
@ -947,10 +947,10 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "9,893 (Russia) (2018)"
"text": "9,870 (Russia) (2019)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "10,825 (2018)"
"text": "1,328 (2019)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

22
europe/po.json
View file

@ -446,7 +446,7 @@
"text": "last held on 6 October 2019 (next to be held 2023) (e.g. 2019)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party - PS 36.4%, PSD 27.8%, B.E. 9.5%, CDU 6.5%, other 20.8%; seats by party - PS 108, PSD 79,  B.E. 19, CDU 12, other 12; composition - men 158, women 72, percent of women 31.3% (e.g. 2019)"
"text": "percent of vote by party - PS 36.4%, PSD 27.8%, B.E. 9.5%, CDU 6.5%, other 20.8%; seats by party - PS 108, PSD 79, B.E. 19, CDU 12, other 12; composition - men 158, women 72, percent of women 31.3% (e.g. 2019)"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -461,7 +461,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party (Partido do Centro Democratico Social-Partido Popular) or CDS-PP [Assuncao CRISTAS] ++ Ecologist Party \"The Greens\" or \"Os Verdes\" (Partido Ecologista-Os Verdes) or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA] ++ People-Animals-Nature Party (Pessoas-Animais-Natureza) or PAN [Andre SILVA] ++ Portuguese Communist Party (Partido Comunista Portugues) or PCP [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] ++ Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata) or PSD (original name Partido Popular Democratico) or PPD [Rui RIO] ++ Socialist Party (Partido Socialista) or PS [Antonio COSTA] ++ The Left Bloc (Bloco de Esquerda) or BE or O Bloco [Catarina MARTINS] ++ Unitary Democratic Coalition (Coligacao Democratica Unitaria) or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes PCP and PEV)"
"text": "Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party (Partido do Centro Democratico Social-Partido Popular) or CDS-PP [Assuncao CRISTAS] ++ Ecologist Party \"The Greens\" or \"Os Verdes\" (Partido Ecologista-Os Verdes) or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA] ++ People-Animals-Nature Party (Pessoas-Animais-Natureza) or PAN [Andre SILVA] ++ Portuguese Communist Party (Partido Comunista Portugues) or PCP [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] ++ Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata) or PSD (original name Partido Popular Democratico) or PPD [Rui RIO] ++ Socialist Party (Partido Socialista) or PS [Antonio COSTA] ++ The Left Bloc (Bloco de Esquerda) or BE or O Bloco [Catarina MARTINS] ++ Unitary Democratic Coalition (Coligacao Democratica Unitaria) or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes PCP and PEV)"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -538,7 +538,7 @@
"text": "$218 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "2.7% (2017 est.) / 1.6% (2016 est.) / 1.8% (2015 est.)"
"text": "2.24% (2019 est.) / 2.85% (2018 est.) / 3.51% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$30,500 (2017 est.) / $29,600 (2016 est.) / $29,100 (2015 est.)",
@ -590,7 +590,7 @@
"text": "3.5% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "5.233 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "4.717 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -604,7 +604,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "8.9% (2017 est.) / 11.1% (2016 est.)"
"text": "6.55% (2019 est.) / 7.05% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "19% (2015 est.)"
@ -644,7 +644,7 @@
"text": "1.6% (2017 est.) / 0.6% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$993 million (2017 est.) / $1.218 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "-$203 million (2019 est.) / $988 million (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$61 billion (2017 est.) / $54.76 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -677,7 +677,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -769,13 +769,13 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "telephone system has a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities; FttP in 2020; 3G universal and 4G upgrades; regulator release 700MHz spectrum for 5G use; DSL moves to fiber services; FttP for over 5 million customers in 2020 providing national coverage; fiber subscriber base grows 24% in 2018; development in M-payment solutions (2020)"
"text": "telephone system has a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities; FttP in 2020; 3G universal and 4G upgrades; regulator release 700MHz spectrum for 5G use; DSL moves to fiber services; FttP for over 5 million customers in 2020 providing national coverage; fiber subscriber base grows 24% in 2018; development in M-payment solutions (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations; fixed-line 50 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular 116 per 100 persons (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 351; landing points for the Ella Link, BUGIO, EIG, SAT-3/WASC, SeaMeWe-3, Equino, MainOne, Tat TGN-Western Europe, WACS, ACE, Atlantis2 and Columbus-III submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, South America and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores (2019)"
"text": "country code - 351; landing points for the Ella Link, BUGIO, EIG, SAT-3/WASC, SeaMeWe-3, Equino, MainOne, Tat TGN-Western Europe, WACS, ACE, Atlantis2 and Columbus-III submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, South America and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
@ -924,7 +924,7 @@
"text": "the Portuguese Armed Forces inventory includes mostly European and US-origin weapons systems along with a smaller mix of domestically-produced equipment; since 2010, Germany and the US are the leading suppliers of armaments to Portugal; Portugal's defense industry is primarily focused on shipbuilding (2019 est.)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "190 Afghanistan (NATO); 200 Central African Republic (MINUSCA/EUTM); up to 120 Baltic States (NATO) (April 2020)"
"text": "190 Afghanistan (NATO); 200 Central African Republic (MINUSCA/EUTM); up to 120 Baltic States (NATO) (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-30 years of age for voluntary or contract military service; no compulsory military service, but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1992, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; contract service lasts for an initial period from two to six years, and can be extended to a maximum of 20 years of service. Voluntary military service lasts 12 months; reserve obligation to age 35 (2017)"
@ -936,7 +936,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "14 (2018)"
"text": "14 (2019)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

18
europe/ri.json
View file

@ -466,10 +466,10 @@
"text": "last held on 21 June 2020 (originally scheduled for 26 April 2020 but postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic) (next to be held in 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - For Our Children 60.7%, SPS-JS 10.4%, SPAS 3.8%, SVM 2.2%, Straight Ahead 1%, Albanian Democratic Alternative .8%, SDA .8%, other 20.3%; seats by party/coalition For Our Children 188, SPS-JS 32, SPAS 11, SVM 9, Straight Ahead 4, Albanian Democratic Alternative 3, SDA 3; composition (preliminary) -  men 165, women 85, percent of women 30%"
"text": "percent of vote by party/coalition - For Our Children 60.7%, SPS-JS 10.4%, SPAS 3.8%, SVM 2.2%, Straight Ahead 1%, Albanian Democratic Alternative .8%, SDA .8%, other 20.3%; seats by party/coalition For Our Children 188, SPS-JS 32, SPAS 11, SVM 9, Straight Ahead 4, Albanian Democratic Alternative 3, SDA 3; composition (preliminary) - men 165, women 85, percent of women 30%"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: seats by party as of May 2019  - SNS 91, SRS 22, SPS 20, DS 13, SDPS 10, PUPS 9, Dveri 6, JS 6, LDP 4, SDS 4, SVM 4, other 36, independent 25; composition - men 157, women 93, percent of women 37.2%"
"text": "note: seats by party as of May 2019 - SNS 91, SRS 22, SPS 20, DS 13, SDPS 10, PUPS 9, Dveri 6, JS 6, LDP 4, SDS 4, SVM 4, other 36, independent 25; composition - men 157, women 93, percent of women 37.2%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -477,7 +477,7 @@
"text": "Supreme Court of Cassation (consists of 36 judges, including the court president); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
"text": "Supreme Court justices proposed by the High Judicial Council (HJC), an 11-member independent body consisting of  8 judges elected by the National Assembly and 3 ex-officio members; justices appointed by the National Assembly; Constitutional Court judges elected - 5 each by the National Assembly, the president, and the Supreme Court of Cassation; initial appointment of Supreme Court judges by the HJC is 3 years and beyond that period tenure is permanent; Constitutional Court judges elected for 9-year terms"
"text": "Supreme Court justices proposed by the High Judicial Council (HJC), an 11-member independent body consisting of 8 judges elected by the National Assembly and 3 ex-officio members; justices appointed by the National Assembly; Constitutional Court judges elected - 5 each by the National Assembly, the president, and the Supreme Court of Cassation; initial appointment of Supreme Court judges by the HJC is 3 years and beyond that period tenure is permanent; Constitutional Court judges elected for 9-year terms"
},
"subordinate courts": {
"text": "basic courts, higher courts, appellate courts; courts of special jurisdiction include the Administrative Court, commercial courts, and misdemeanor courts"
@ -561,7 +561,7 @@
"text": "$41.43 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "1.9% (2017 est.) / 2.8% (2016 est.) / 0.8% (2015 est.)"
"text": "4.18% (2019 est.) / 4.4% (2018 est.) / 2.05% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$15,100 (2017 est.) / $14,700 (2016 est.) / $14,200 (2015 est.)",
@ -613,7 +613,7 @@
"text": "3.9% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "2.92 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "3 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -697,7 +697,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -789,7 +789,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "Serbia's integration with the EU has helped regulator reforms and promotion of telecoms; wireless service is available through multiple providers; national coverage is growing very rapidly; best telecommunications services are centered in urban centers; 4G/LTE mobile network launched; 5G trials; high mobile penetration the result of multiple SIM cards (2020)"
"text": "Serbia's integration with the EU has helped regulator reforms and promotion of telecoms; wireless service is available through multiple providers; national coverage is growing very rapidly; best telecommunications services are centered in urban centers; 4G/LTE mobile network launched; 5G trials; high mobile penetration the result of multiple SIM cards (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line 29 per 100 and mobile-cellular 96 per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -924,7 +924,7 @@
"text": "the inventory of the Serbian Armed Forces consists of Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems; since 2010, most of its weapons imports have come from Russia, but it has also received equipment from Belarus (second-hand aircraft), Germany, Montenegro (second-hand aircraft), and the US (2019 est.)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "175 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (March 2020)"
"text": "175 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished December 2010 (2019)"
@ -936,7 +936,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "18,232 (Croatia), 8,270 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (2018)"
"text": "17,972 (Croatia), 8,198 (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (2019)"
},
"IDPs": {
"text": "199,584 (most are Kosovar Serbs, some are Roma, Ashkalis, and Egyptian (RAE); some RAE IDPs are unregistered) (2019)"

20
europe/ro.json
View file

@ -426,15 +426,15 @@
"text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 November 2019 with a runoff on 24 November 2019 (next to be held in November 2024); prime minister appointed by the president with consent of Parliament"
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 November 2019 with a runoff on 24 November 2019 (next to be held in November 2024); prime minister appointed by the president with consent of Parliament"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Klaus IOHANNIS reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Klaus IOHANNIS (PNL) 66.1%, Viorica DANCILA (PSD) 33.9%; Ludovic ORBAN approved as prime minister with 240 votes"
"text": "Klaus IOHANNIS reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Klaus IOHANNIS (PNL) 66.1%, Viorica DANCILA (PSD) 33.9%; Ludovic ORBAN approved as prime minister with 240 votes"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of: Senate or Senat (136 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 2 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) ++ Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (329 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 4 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of: Senate or Senat (136 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 2 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) ++ Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (329 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 4 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Senate - last held on 11 December 2016 (next to be held on 6 December 2020) ++ Chamber of Deputies - last held on 11 December 2016 (next to be held on 6 December 2020)"
@ -529,7 +529,7 @@
"text": "$211.9 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "6.9% (2017 est.) / 4.8% (2016 est.) / 3.9% (2015 est.)"
"text": "4.2% (2019 est.) / 4.54% (2018 est.) / 7.11% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$24,600 (2017 est.) / $22,900 (2016 est.) / $21,700 (2015 est.)",
@ -581,7 +581,7 @@
"text": "5.5% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "8.951 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "4.889 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -595,7 +595,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "4.9% (2017 est.) / 5.9% (2016 est.)"
"text": "3.06% (2019 est.) / 3.56% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "22.4% (2012 est.)"
@ -635,7 +635,7 @@
"text": "1.3% (2017 est.) / -1.6% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "-$7.114 billion (2017 est.) / -$3.93 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "-$11.389 billion (2019 est.) / -$10.78 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$64.58 billion (2017 est.) / $57.72 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -668,7 +668,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -909,7 +909,7 @@
"text": "the inventory of the Romanian Armed Forces is comprised mostly of Soviet-era and older domestically-produced weapons systems; there is also a smaller mix of Western-origin equipment; Italy, Portugal (second-hand fighter aircraft), and the US are the leading suppliers of armaments to Romania since 2010 (2019 est.)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "740 Afghanistan (NATO); 220 Mali (MINUSMA/EUTM); up to 120 Poland (NATO) (March 2020)"
"text": "740 Afghanistan (NATO); 240 Mali (MINUSMA/EUTM); up to 120 Poland (NATO) (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "conscription ended 2006; 18 years of age for male and female voluntary service; all military inductees (including women) contract for an initial 5-year term of service, with subsequent successive 3-year terms until age 36 (2015)"
@ -921,7 +921,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "227 (2018)"
"text": "192 (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: 6,038 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-November 2020)"

21
europe/si.json
View file

@ -502,7 +502,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economy - overview": {
"text": "With excellent infrastructure, a well-educated work force, and a strategic location between the Balkans and Western Europe, Slovenia has one of the highest per capita GDPs in Central Europe, despite having suffered a protracted recession in the 2008-09 period in the wake of the global financial crisis. Slovenia became the first 2004 EU entrant to adopt the euro (on 1 January 2007) and has experienced a stable political and economic transition. ++   ++ In March 2004, Slovenia became the first transition country to graduate from borrower status to donor partner at the World Bank. In 2007, Slovenia was invited to begin the process for joining the OECD; it became a member in 2012. From 2014 to 2016, export-led growth, fueled by demand in larger European markets, pushed annual GDP growth above 2.3%. Growth reached 5.0% in 2017 and is projected to near or reach 5% in 2018. What used to be stubbornly high unemployment fell below 5.5% in early 2018, driven by strong exports and increasing consumption that boosted labor demand. Continued fiscal consolidation through increased tax collection and social security contributions will likely result in a balanced government budget in 2019. ++   ++ Prime Minister CERAR's government took office in September 2014, pledging to press ahead with commitments to privatize a select group of state-run companies, rationalize public spending, and further stabilize the banking sector. Efforts to privatize Slovenia's largely state-owned banking sector have largely stalled, however, amid concerns about an ongoing dispute over Yugoslav-era foreign currency deposits."
"text": "With excellent infrastructure, a well-educated work force, and a strategic location between the Balkans and Western Europe, Slovenia has one of the highest per capita GDPs in Central Europe, despite having suffered a protracted recession in the 2008-09 period in the wake of the global financial crisis. Slovenia became the first 2004 EU entrant to adopt the euro (on 1 January 2007) and has experienced a stable political and economic transition. ++ ++ In March 2004, Slovenia became the first transition country to graduate from borrower status to donor partner at the World Bank. In 2007, Slovenia was invited to begin the process for joining the OECD; it became a member in 2012. From 2014 to 2016, export-led growth, fueled by demand in larger European markets, pushed annual GDP growth above 2.3%. Growth reached 5.0% in 2017 and is projected to near or reach 5% in 2018. What used to be stubbornly high unemployment fell below 5.5% in early 2018, driven by strong exports and increasing consumption that boosted labor demand. Continued fiscal consolidation through increased tax collection and social security contributions will likely result in a balanced government budget in 2019. ++ ++ Prime Minister CERAR's government took office in September 2014, pledging to press ahead with commitments to privatize a select group of state-run companies, rationalize public spending, and further stabilize the banking sector. Efforts to privatize Slovenia's largely state-owned banking sector have largely stalled, however, amid concerns about an ongoing dispute over Yugoslav-era foreign currency deposits."
},
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"text": "$71.23 billion (2017 est.) / $67.84 billion (2016 est.) / $65.77 billion (2015 est.)",
@ -514,7 +514,7 @@
"text": "$48.87 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "5% (2017 est.) / 3.1% (2016 est.) / 2.3% (2015 est.)"
"text": "2.4% (2019 est.) / 4.24% (2018 est.) / 5.14% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$34,500 (2017 est.) / $32,900 (2016 est.) / $31,900 (2015 est.)",
@ -566,7 +566,7 @@
"text": "8.6% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "959,000 (2017 est.)"
"text": "885,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -580,7 +580,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "6.6% (2017 est.) / 8% (2016 est.)"
"text": "7.64% (2019 est.) / 8.25% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "13.9% (2016 est.)"
@ -620,7 +620,7 @@
"text": "1.4% (2017 est.) / -0.1% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$3.475 billion (2017 est.) / $2.461 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "$3.05 billion (2019 est.) / $3.17 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$32.14 billion (2017 est.) / $27.65 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -653,7 +653,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -745,7 +745,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "well-developed telecommunications infrastructure; four mobile network operators; increase in Internet community demanding e-govt., e-commerce and e-health; govt. funds to improve broadband to more municipalities; high mobile penetration rate and therefore retaining customers with bundled products; regulatory intervention has improved telecommunications; trials for use of 5G; FttP to 90% of population by 2020 (2020)"
"text": "well-developed telecommunications infrastructure; four mobile network operators; increase in Internet community demanding e-govt., e-commerce and e-health; govt. funds to improve broadband to more municipalities; high mobile penetration rate and therefore retaining customers with bundled products; regulatory intervention has improved telecommunications; trials for use of 5G; FttP to 90% of population by 2020 (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line 34 per 100 and mobile-cellular 121 per 100 teledensity (2019)"
@ -879,7 +879,7 @@
"text": "the inventory of the Slovenian Armed Forces is a mix of Soviet-era and limited quantities of more modern Western equipment; since 2010, it has received weapons systems from Finland, Russia, and the US (2019 est.)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "230 Kosovo (NATO) (June 2020)"
"text": "230 Kosovo (NATO) (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2003 (2013)"
@ -890,8 +890,11 @@
"text": "since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Piran Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led Slovenia to lift its objections to Croatia joining the EU; in June 2017 the arbitration panel issued a ruling on the border that Croatia has not implemented; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovenia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to curb illegal migration and commerce through southeastern Europe while encouraging close cross-border ties with Croatia; Slovenia continues to impose a hard border Schengen regime with Croatia, which joined the EU in 2013 but has not yet fulfilled Schengen requirements"
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"stateless persons": {
"text": "5 (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note:  516,394 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2020); migration through the Western Balkans has decreased significantly since March 2016; Slovenia is predominantly a transit country and hosts approximately 300 asylum seekers as of the end of June 2018"
"text": "note: 516,394 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-September 2020); migration through the Western Balkans has decreased significantly since March 2016; Slovenia is predominantly a transit country and hosts approximately 300 asylum seekers as of the end of June 2018"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

8
europe/sm.json
View file

@ -379,10 +379,10 @@
"text": "co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in March 2020 (next to be held in September 2020); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 28 December 2019 (next to be held by November 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Alessandro MANCINI (PSD) and Grazia ZAFFERANI (RETE Movement) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA"
"text": "Alessandro MANCINI (PSD) and Grazia ZAFFERANI (RETE Movement) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA; Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 7 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 7 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles"
"text": "note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 7 other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 7 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -418,7 +418,7 @@
"text": "Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017)"
},
"chancery": {
"text": "327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022 ++ Embassy address:      1711 North Street, NW (2nd Floor) ++       Washington, DC 22036 ++ ++ ++"
"text": "327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022 ++ Embassy address: 1711 North Street, NW (2nd Floor) ++ Washington, DC 22036 ++ ++ ++"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[1] (212) 751-1234 ++ ++ [1] (202) 223-24l8 ++ [1] (202) 751-1436"
@ -591,7 +591,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
}
},

30
europe/sp.json
View file

@ -458,13 +458,13 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral General Courts or Las Cortes Generales consists of: Senate or Senado (266 seats; 208 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 58 members indirectly elected by the legislatures of the autonomous communities; members serve 4-year terms) ++ Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (350 seats; 348 members directly elected in 50 multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote, with a 3% threshold needed to gain a seat, and 2 directly elected from the North African Ceuta and Melilla enclaves by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms or until the government is dissolved)"
"text": "bicameral General Courts or Las Cortes Generales consists of: Senate or Senado (266 seats; 208 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 58 members indirectly elected by the legislatures of the autonomous communities; members serve 4-year terms) ++ Congress of Deputies or Congreso de los Diputados (350 seats; 348 members directly elected in 50 multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote, with a 3% threshold needed to gain a seat, and 2 directly elected from the North African Ceuta and Melilla enclaves by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms or until the government is dissolved)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Senate - last held on 10 November 2019 (next to be held no later than November 2023) ++ Congress of Deputies - last held on 10 November 2019 (next to be held no later than November 2023)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PSOE 113, PP 97, ERC 15, EAJ/PNV 10, C's 9, other 22; composition - men 163, women 103; percent of women 39% ++ Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSOE 28.7%, PP 20.8%,Vox 15.1%, Unidos Podemos 12.8%, C's 6.8%, ERC 3.6%, other 12.8%; seats by party - PSOE 120, PP 88, Vox 52,  Unidos Podemos 35, C's 10, ERC 13, other 23; composition - men 184, women 166; percent of women 47.4%; note - total  General Courts percent of women 43.7%"
"text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PSOE 113, PP 97, ERC 15, EAJ/PNV 10, C's 9, other 22; composition - men 163, women 103; percent of women 39% ++ Congress of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSOE 28.7%, PP 20.8%,Vox 15.1%, Unidos Podemos 12.8%, C's 6.8%, ERC 3.6%, other 12.8%; seats by party - PSOE 120, PP 88, Vox 52, Unidos Podemos 35, C's 10, ERC 13, other 23; composition - men 184, women 166; percent of women 47.4%; note - total General Courts percent of women 43.7%"
}
},
"Judicial branch": {
@ -479,7 +479,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Asturias Forum or FAC [Carmen MORIYON] ++ Basque Country Unite (Euskal Herria Bildu) or EH Bildu (coalition of 4 Basque pro-independence parties) ++ Basque Nationalist Party or PNV or EAJ [Andoni ORTUZAR] ++ Canarian Coalition or CC [Ana ORAMAS] (coalition of 5 parties) ++ Junts per Catalunia or JxCat  [Carles PUIDGEMONT] ++ Ciudadanos Party or C's [Albert RIVERA] ++ Compromis - Communist Coalition [Joan BALDOVI] ++ New Canary or NCa [Pedro QUEVEDOS] ++ Unidas Podemos [Pablo IGLESIAS Turrion] (formerly Podemos IU; electoral coalition formed for May 2016 election) ++ People's Party or PP [Pablo CASADO] ++ Republican Left of Catalonia or ERC [Oriol JUNQUERAS i Vies] ++ Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [Pedro SANCHEZ] ++ JxCat-Junts Together for Catalonia [Jordi SANCHEZ] ++ Union of People of Navarra or UPN [Javier ESPARZA] ++ Navarra Suma (electoral Coaltion formed by Navarrese People's Union (UPN), Ciudadanos (C's), and the Popular Partty (PP) ahead of the 2019 election) ++ Vox or Vox [Santiago ABASCAL]"
"text": "Asturias Forum or FAC [Carmen MORIYON] ++ Basque Country Unite (Euskal Herria Bildu) or EH Bildu (coalition of 4 Basque pro-independence parties) ++ Basque Nationalist Party or PNV or EAJ [Andoni ORTUZAR] ++ Canarian Coalition or CC [Ana ORAMAS] (coalition of 5 parties) ++ Junts per Catalunia or JxCat [Carles PUIDGEMONT] ++ Ciudadanos Party or C's [Albert RIVERA] ++ Compromis - Communist Coalition [Joan BALDOVI] ++ New Canary or NCa [Pedro QUEVEDOS] ++ Unidas Podemos [Pablo IGLESIAS Turrion] (formerly Podemos IU; electoral coalition formed for May 2016 election) ++ People's Party or PP [Pablo CASADO] ++ Republican Left of Catalonia or ERC [Oriol JUNQUERAS i Vies] ++ Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [Pedro SANCHEZ] ++ JxCat-Junts Together for Catalonia [Jordi SANCHEZ] ++ Union of People of Navarra or UPN [Javier ESPARZA] ++ Navarra Suma (electoral Coaltion formed by Navarrese People's Union (UPN), Ciudadanos (C's), and the Popular Partty (PP) ahead of the 2019 election) ++ Vox or Vox [Santiago ABASCAL]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CAN (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
"text": "$1.314 trillion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "3% (2017 est.) / 3.2% (2016 est.) / 3.6% (2015 est.)"
"text": "1.95% (2019 est.) / 2.43% (2018 est.) / 2.97% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$38,400 (2017 est.) / $37,200 (2016 est.) / $36,100 (2015 est.)",
@ -611,7 +611,7 @@
"text": "4% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "22.75 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "19.057 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -625,7 +625,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "17.2% (2017 est.) / 19.6% (2016 est.)"
"text": "14.13% (2019 est.) / 15.25% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "21.1% (2012 est.)"
@ -662,7 +662,7 @@
"text": "2% (2017 est.) / -0.2% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$24.74 billion (2017 est.) / $23.77 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "$29.603 billion (2019 est.) / $27.206 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$313.7 billion (2017 est.) / $280.5 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -695,7 +695,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -787,20 +787,20 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "well-developed, one of the largest telecom markets in Europe, average mobile penetration for Europe; LTE universal; launch of 5G services; regulator has championed competition; Chinese company Huawei contributes to the telecom sector; fiber broadband accounts for 62% of all fixed-line broadband connections (2020)"
"text": "well-developed, one of the largest telecom markets in Europe, average mobile penetration for Europe; LTE universal; launch of 5G services; regulator has championed competition; Chinese company Huawei contributes to the telecom sector; fiber broadband accounts for 62% of all fixed-line broadband connections (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line 42 per 100 and mobile-cellular 118 telephones per 100 persons (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 34; landing points for the MAREA, Tata TGN-Western Europe, Pencan-9, SAT-3/WASC, Canalink, Atlantis-2, Columbus -111, Estepona-Tetouan, FEA, Balalink, ORVAL and PENBAL-5 submarine cables providing connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, South America, Asia, Southeast Asia and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries (2019)"
"text": "country code - 34; landing points for the MAREA, Tata TGN-Western Europe, Pencan-9, SAT-3/WASC, Canalink, Atlantis-2, Columbus -111, Estepona-Tetouan, FEA, Balalink, ORVAL and PENBAL-5 submarine cables providing connectivity to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, South America, Asia, Southeast Asia and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
}
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "a mixture of both publicly operated and privately owned TV and radio stations; overall, hundreds of TV channels are available including national, regional, local, public, and international channels; satellite and cable TV systems available; multiple national radio networks, a large number of regional radio networks, and a larger number of local radio stations; overall, hundreds of radio stations  (2019)"
"text": "a mixture of both publicly operated and privately owned TV and radio stations; overall, hundreds of TV channels are available including national, regional, local, public, and international channels; satellite and cable TV systems available; multiple national radio networks, a large number of regional radio networks, and a larger number of local radio stations; overall, hundreds of radio stations (2019)"
},
"Internet country code": {
"text": ".es"
@ -932,7 +932,7 @@
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Spanish Armed Forces: Army (Ejercito de Tierra), Spanish Navy (Armada Espanola, AE, includes Marine Corps), Spanish Air Force (Ejercito del Aire Espanola, EdA); Civil Guard (Guardia Civil) (2019)",
"note": {
"text": "note: the Civil Guard is a military force with police duties (including coast guard) under both the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of the Interior; it also responds to the needs of the Ministry of Finance"
"text": "note: the Civil Guard is a military force with police duties (including coast guard) under both the Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of the Interior; it also responds to the needs of the Ministry of Finance"
}
},
"Military expenditures": {
@ -945,7 +945,7 @@
"text": "the inventory of the Spanish military is comprised of domestically-produced and imported Western weapons systems; France, Germany, and the US are the leading suppliers of military hardware since 2010; Spain's defense industry manufactures land, air, and sea weapons systems and is integrated within the European defense-industrial sector (2019 est.)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "350 Latvia (NATO); 630 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 550 Iraq (NATO, training mission, counter-ISIS coalition; scheduled for withdrawal in 2020); 290 Mali (EUTM); 150 Turkey (NATO) (March 2020)"
"text": "350 Latvia (NATO); 630 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 180 Mali (EUTM); 150 Turkey (NATO) (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-26 years of age for voluntary military service by a Spanish citizen or legal immigrant, 2-3 year obligation; women allowed to serve in all SAF branches, including combat units; no conscription, but Spanish Government retains right to mobilize citizens 19-25 years of age in a national emergency; mandatory retirement of non-NCO enlisted personnel at age 45 or 58, depending on service length (2013)"
@ -965,10 +965,10 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "13,765 (Syria), 10,555 (Ukraine) (2018) note - estimate represents asylum applicants since the beginning of the Ukraine crisis in 2014 to November 2018; 6,873 (Morocco) (2019); 16,540 (Venezuela) (2020) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2020)"
"text": "14,133 (Syria) (2019); 16,540 (Venezuela) (2020) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or have received alternative legal stay) (2020)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "2,455 (2018)"
"text": "4,246 (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: 184,338 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2020); 65,325 migrant arrivals in 2018"

24
europe/sw.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war for two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars. Since then, Sweden has pursued a successful economic formula consisting of a capitalist system intermixed with substantial welfare elements. Sweden joined the EU in 1995, but the public rejected the introduction of the euro in a 2003 referendum. The share of Sweden's population born abroad increased from 11.3% in 2000 to 19.1% in 2018. ++  "
"text": "A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war for two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars. Since then, Sweden has pursued a successful economic formula consisting of a capitalist system intermixed with substantial welfare elements. Sweden joined the EU in 1995, but the public rejected the introduction of the euro in a 2003 referendum. The share of Sweden's population born abroad increased from 11.3% in 2000 to 19.1% in 2018. ++"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -462,7 +462,7 @@
},
"Diplomatic representation from the US": {
"chief of mission": {
"text": "Ambassador Kenneth A. HOWERY (since 10 October 2019) "
"text": "Ambassador Kenneth A. HOWERY (since 10 October 2019)"
},
"telephone": {
"text": "[46] (08) 783 53 00"
@ -497,7 +497,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economy - overview": {
"text": "Sweden's small, open, and competitive economy has been thriving and Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living with its combination of free-market capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. Sweden remains outside the euro zone largely out of concern that joining the European Economic and Monetary Union would diminish the country's sovereignty over its welfare system. ++   ++ Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of a manufacturing economy that relies heavily on foreign trade. Exports, including engines and other machines, motor vehicles, and telecommunications equipment, account for more than 44% of GDP. Sweden enjoys a current account surplus of about 5% of GDP, which is one of the highest margins in Europe. ++   ++ GDP grew an estimated 3.3% in 2016 and 2017 driven largely by investment in the construction sector. Swedish economists expect economic growth to ease slightly in the coming years as this investment subsides. Global economic growth boosted exports of Swedish manufactures further, helping drive domestic economic growth in 2017. The Central Bank is keeping an eye on deflationary pressures and bank observers expect it to maintain an expansionary monetary policy in 2018. Swedish prices and wages have grown only slightly over the past few years, helping to support the country's competitiveness. ++   ++ In the short and medium term, Sweden's economic challenges include providing affordable housing and successfully integrating migrants into the labor market."
"text": "Sweden's small, open, and competitive economy has been thriving and Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living with its combination of free-market capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. Sweden remains outside the euro zone largely out of concern that joining the European Economic and Monetary Union would diminish the country's sovereignty over its welfare system. ++ ++ Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of a manufacturing economy that relies heavily on foreign trade. Exports, including engines and other machines, motor vehicles, and telecommunications equipment, account for more than 44% of GDP. Sweden enjoys a current account surplus of about 5% of GDP, which is one of the highest margins in Europe. ++ ++ GDP grew an estimated 3.3% in 2016 and 2017 driven largely by investment in the construction sector. Swedish economists expect economic growth to ease slightly in the coming years as this investment subsides. Global economic growth boosted exports of Swedish manufactures further, helping drive domestic economic growth in 2017. The Central Bank is keeping an eye on deflationary pressures and bank observers expect it to maintain an expansionary monetary policy in 2018. Swedish prices and wages have grown only slightly over the past few years, helping to support the country's competitiveness. ++ ++ In the short and medium term, Sweden's economic challenges include providing affordable housing and successfully integrating migrants into the labor market."
},
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"text": "$518 billion (2017 est.) / $507.3 billion (2016 est.) / $494 billion (2015 est.)",
@ -509,7 +509,7 @@
"text": "$535.6 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "2.1% (2017 est.) / 2.7% (2016 est.) / 4.5% (2015 est.)"
"text": "1.29% (2019 est.) / 2.06% (2018 est.) / 2.82% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$51,200 (2017 est.) / $50,800 (2016 est.) / $50,100 (2015 est.)",
@ -561,7 +561,7 @@
"text": "4.1% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "5.361 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "5.029 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -575,7 +575,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "6.7% (2017 est.) / 7% (2016 est.)"
"text": "6.78% (2019 est.) / 6.33% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "15% (2014 est.)"
@ -615,7 +615,7 @@
"text": "1.9% (2017 est.) / 1.1% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$17.79 billion (2017 est.) / $21.84 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "$22.339 billion (2019 est.) / $13.902 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$165.6 billion (2017 est.) / $151.4 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -648,7 +648,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -746,7 +746,7 @@
"text": "fixed-line 19 per 100 and mobile-cellular 126 per 100; coaxial and multiconductor cables carry most of the voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry some additional telephone channels (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 46; landing points for Botina, SFL, SFS-4, Baltic Sea Submarine Cable, Eastern Light, Sweden-Latvia, BCS North-Phase1, EE-S1, LV-SE1, BCS East-West Interlink, NordBalt, Baltica, Denmark-Sweden-15,-17,-18, Scandinavian Ring -North,-South, IP-Only Denmark-Sweden, Donica North, Kattegate-1,-2, Energinet Laeso-Varberg and GC2 submarine cables providing links to other Nordic countries and Europe; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway) (2019)"
"text": "country code - 46; landing points for Botina, SFL, SFS-4, Baltic Sea Submarine Cable, Eastern Light, Sweden-Latvia, BCS North-Phase1, EE-S1, LV-SE1, BCS East-West Interlink, NordBalt, Baltica, Denmark-Sweden-15,-17,-18, Scandinavian Ring -North,-South, IP-Only Denmark-Sweden, Donica North, Kattegate-1,-2, Energinet Laeso-Varberg and GC2 submarine cables providing links to other Nordic countries and Europe; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway) (2019)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
@ -886,7 +886,7 @@
"text": "the inventory of the Swedish Armed Forces is comprised of domestically-produced and imported Western weapons systems; since 2010, the US is the leading supplier of military hardware to Sweden, followed by France and Germany; Sweden's defense industry is capable of providing most of the military's equipment requirements, including advanced aircraft and submarines (2019 est.)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "200 Mali (MINUSMA and EUTM; plans to send an additional 150 personnel to the Sahel/Mali in early 2021) (Aug 2020)"
"text": "200 Mali (MINUSMA and EUTM; plans to send an additional 150 personnel to the Sahel/Mali in early 2021) (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-47 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; service obligation: 7.5 months (Army), 7-15 months (Navy), 8-12 months (Air Force); after completing initial service, soldiers have a reserve commitment until age 47; compulsory military service, abolished in 2010, was reinstated in January 2018; conscription is selective, includes both female and male (age 18), and requires 9-12 months of service (2018)"
@ -906,10 +906,10 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "109,343 (Syria), 27,653 (Eritrea), 28,204 (Afghanistan), 21,032 (Somalia), 12,693 (Iraq), 6,485 (Iran) (2018)"
"text": "113,418 (Syria), 27,933 (Eritrea), 30,546 (Afghanistan), 17,593 (Somalia), 12,460 (Iraq), 7,408 (Iran) (2019)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "31,819 (2018); note - the majority of stateless people are from the Middle East and Somalia"
"text": "30,305 (2019); note - the majority of stateless people are from the Middle East and Somalia"
}
}
}

30
europe/sz.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1291 as a defensive alliance among three cantons. In succeeding years, other localities joined the original three. The Swiss Confederation secured its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499. A constitution of 1848, subsequently modified in 1874 to allow voters to introduce referenda on proposed laws, replaced the confederation with a centralized federal government. Switzerland's sovereignty and neutrality have long been honored by the major European powers, and the country was not involved in either of the two world wars. The political and economic integration of Europe over the past half century, as well as Switzerland's role in many UN and international organizations, has strengthened Switzerland's ties with its neighbors. However, the country did not officially become a UN member until 2002. Switzerland remains active in many UN and international organizations but retains a strong commitment to neutrality. ++  "
"text": "The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1291 as a defensive alliance among three cantons. In succeeding years, other localities joined the original three. The Swiss Confederation secured its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499. A constitution of 1848, subsequently modified in 1874 to allow voters to introduce referenda on proposed laws, replaced the confederation with a centralized federal government. Switzerland's sovereignty and neutrality have long been honored by the major European powers, and the country was not involved in either of the two world wars. The political and economic integration of Europe over the past half century, as well as Switzerland's role in many UN and international organizations, has strengthened Switzerland's ties with its neighbors. However, the country did not officially become a UN member until 2002. Switzerland remains active in many UN and international organizations but retains a strong commitment to neutrality. ++"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -355,7 +355,7 @@
"text": "+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October"
},
"note": {
"text": "etymology: origin of the name is uncertain, but may derive from a 2nd century B.C. Celtic place name, possibly \"berna\" meaning \"cleft,\" that was subsequently adopted by a Roman settlement  "
"text": "etymology: origin of the name is uncertain, but may derive from a 2nd century B.C. Celtic place name, possibly \"berna\" meaning \"cleft,\" that was subsequently adopted by a Roman settlement"
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
@ -375,7 +375,7 @@
"text": "previous 1848, 1874; latest adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, effective 1 January 2000"
},
"amendments": {
"text": "proposed by the two houses of the Federal Assembly or by petition of at least one hundred thousand voters (called the \"federal popular initiative\"); passage of proposals requires majority vote in a referendum; following drafting of an amendment by the Assembly, its passage requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and approval by the majority of cantons; amended many times, last in 2018 (2020)"
"text": "proposed by the two houses of the Federal Assembly or by petition of at least one hundred thousand voters (called the \"federal popular initiative\"); passage of proposals requires majority vote in a referendum; following drafting of an amendment by the Assembly, its passage requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and approval by the majority of cantons; amended many times, last in 2018 (2020)"
}
},
"Legal system": {
@ -403,19 +403,19 @@
},
"Executive branch": {
"chief of state": {
"text": "President of the Swiss Confederation Simonetta SOMMARUGA (since 1 January 2020; Vice President Guy PARMELIN (since 1 January 2020); note - the Federal Council, which is comprised of 7 federal councillors, constitutes the federal government of Switzerland; council members rotate the 1-year term of federal president (chief of state and head of government)"
"text": "President of the Swiss Confederation Simonetta SOMMARUGA (since 1 January 2020; Vice President Guy PARMELIN (since 1 January 2020); note - the Federal Council, which is comprised of 7 federal councillors, constitutes the federal government of Switzerland; council members rotate the 1-year term of federal president (chief of state and head of government)"
},
"head of government": {
"text": "President of the Swiss Confederation Simonetta SOMMARUGA (since 1 January 2020; Vice President Guy PARMELIN (since 1 January 2020)"
"text": "President of the Swiss Confederation Simonetta SOMMARUGA (since 1 January 2020; Vice President Guy PARMELIN (since 1 January 2020)"
},
"cabinet": {
"text": "Federal Council or Bundesrat (in German), Conseil Federal (in French), Consiglio Federale (in Italian) indirectly elected by the Federal Assembly for a 4-year term"
},
"elections/appointments": {
"text": "president and vice president elected by the Federal Assembly from among members of the Federal Council for a 1-year, non-consecutive term; election last held on 11 December 2019 (next to be held in December 2020)"
"text": "president and vice president elected by the Federal Assembly from among members of the Federal Council for a 1-year, non-consecutive term; election last held on 11 December 2019 (next to be held in December 2020)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Simonetta SOMMARUGA elected president; Federal Assembly vote - 192 of 205; Guy PARMELIN elected vice president; Federal Assembly vote - 191 of 204"
"text": "Simonetta SOMMARUGA elected president; Federal Assembly vote - 192 of 205; Guy PARMELIN elected vice president; Federal Assembly vote - 191 of 204"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -507,7 +507,7 @@
"text": "$679 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "1.7% (2017 est.) / 1.6% (2016 est.) / 1.3% (2015 est.)"
"text": "1.11% (2019 est.) / 3.04% (2018 est.) / 1.65% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$62,100 (2017 est.) / $61,800 (2016 est.) / $61,500 (2015 est.)",
@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
"text": "3.4% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "5.159 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "5.067 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -573,7 +573,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "3.2% (2017 est.) / 3.3% (2016 est.)"
"text": "2.31% (2019 est.) / 2.55% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "6.6% (2014 est.)"
@ -616,7 +616,7 @@
"text": "0.5% (2017 est.) / -0.4% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "$66.55 billion (2017 est.) / $63.16 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "$79.937 billion (2019 est.) / $63.273 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$313.5 billion (2017 est.) / $318.1 billion (2016 est.)",
@ -652,7 +652,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -744,7 +744,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "highly developed telecommunications infrastructure with extensive domestic and international services; one of the highest broadband penetration rates in Europe; although not a member of the EU, Switzerland follows the EU's telecom framework, and regulations; expansive cable broadband network with effective cross-platform competition; despite the countries expansion of 5G services, and switching off 2G infrastructure, the Environmental Agency has raised concern regarding the 2,000 5G mobile antennas and asked the govt. to halt 5G transmissions, the developers of the 5G infrastructure are allowed to continue with future checks to be studied of the health implications of the radio frequency radiation; regulator auction of 5G spectrum (2020)"
"text": "highly developed telecommunications infrastructure with extensive domestic and international services; one of the highest broadband penetration rates in Europe; although not a member of the EU, Switzerland follows the EU's telecom framework, and regulations; expansive cable broadband network with effective cross-platform competition; despite the countries expansion of 5G services, and switching off 2G infrastructure, the Environmental Agency has raised concern regarding the 2,000 5G mobile antennas and asked the govt. to halt 5G transmissions, the developers of the 5G infrastructure are allowed to continue with future checks to be studied of the health implications of the radio frequency radiation; regulator auction of 5G spectrum (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "ranked among leading countries for fixed-line teledensity and infrastructure; fixed-line 36 per 100 and mobile-cellular subscribership 127 per 100 persons; extensive cable and microwave radio relay networks (2019)"
@ -887,7 +887,7 @@
"text": "the Swiss Armed Forces inventory includes a mix of domestically-produced and imported weapons systems; the US is the leading supplier of military armaments to Switzerland since 2010; the Swiss defense industry produces a range of military land vehicles (2019 est.)"
},
"Military deployments": {
"text": "165 Kosovo (NATO) (June 2020)"
"text": "165 Kosovo (NATO) (2020)"
},
"Military service age and obligation": {
"text": "18-30 years of age generally for male compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary male and female military service; every Swiss male has to serve at least 245 days in the armed forces; conscripts receive 18 weeks of mandatory training, followed by six 19-day intermittent recalls for training during the next 10 years (2019)"
@ -899,7 +899,7 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "34,072 (Eritrea), 16,565 (Syria), 12,282 (Afghanistan), 5,744 (Sri Lanka) (2018)"
"text": "36,698 (Eritrea), 18,755 (Syria), 13,455 (Afghanistan), 5,819 (Sri Lanka) (2019)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "49 (2018)"

28
europe/uk.json
View file

@ -368,7 +368,7 @@
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "England: 26 two-tier counties, 32 London boroughs and 1 City of London or Greater London, 36 metropolitan districts, 56 unitary authorities (including 4 single-tier counties*); ++ two-tier counties: Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, Northamptonshire, North Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Sussex, Worcestershire ++ London boroughs and City of London or Greater London: Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, City of London, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth, Westminster ++ metropolitan districts: Barnsley, Birmingham, Bolton, Bradford, Bury, Calderdale, Coventry, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Kirklees, Knowlsey, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, North Tyneside, Oldham, Rochdale, Rotherham, Salford, Sandwell, Sefton, Sheffield, Solihull, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Sunderland, Tameside, Trafford, Wakefield, Walsall, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton ++ unitary authorities: Bath and North East Somerset; Bedford; Blackburn with Darwen; Blackpool; Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole; Bracknell Forest; Brighton and Hove; City of Bristol; Central Bedfordshire; Cheshire East; Cheshire West and Chester; Cornwall; Darlington; Derby; Dorset; Durham County*; East Riding of Yorkshire; Halton; Hartlepool; Herefordshire*; Isle of Wight*; Isles of Scilly; City of Kingston upon Hull; Leicester; Luton; Medway; Middlesbrough; Milton Keynes; North East Lincolnshire; North Lincolnshire; North Somerset; Northumberland*; Nottingham; Peterborough; Plymouth; Portsmouth; Reading; Redcar and Cleveland; Rutland; Shropshire; Slough; South Gloucestershire; Southampton; Southend-on-Sea; Stockton-on-Tees; Stoke-on-Trent; Swindon; Telford and Wrekin; Thurrock; Torbay; Warrington; West Berkshire; Wiltshire; Windsor and Maidenhead; Wokingham; York ++ Northern Ireland: 5 borough councils, 4 district councils, 2 city councils; ++ borough councils: Antrim and Newtownabbey; Ards and North Down; Armagh City, Banbridge, and Craigavon; Causeway Coast and Glens; Mid and East Antrim ++ district councils: Derry City and Strabane; Fermanagh and Omagh; Mid Ulster; Newry, Murne, and Down ++ city councils: Belfast; Lisburn and Castlereagh ++ Scotland: 32 council areas; ++ council areas: Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll and Bute, Clackmannanshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Dundee City, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Lothian, East Renfrewshire, City of Edinburgh, Eilean Siar (Western Isles), Falkirk, Fife, Glasgow City, Highland, Inverclyde, Midlothian, Moray, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Orkney Islands, Perth and Kinross, Renfrewshire, Shetland Islands, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, Stirling, The Scottish Borders, West Dunbartonshire, West Lothian ++ Wales: 22 unitary authorities; ++ unitary authorities: Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff, Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion, Conwy, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Gwynedd, Isle of Anglesey, Merthyr Tydfil, Monmouthshire, Neath Port Talbot, Newport, Pembrokeshire, Powys, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Swansea, The Vale of Glamorgan, Torfaen, Wrexham"
"text": "England: 26 two-tier counties, 32 London boroughs and 1 City of London or Greater London, 36 metropolitan districts, 56 unitary authorities (including 4 single-tier counties*); ++ two-tier counties: Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, Northamptonshire, North Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Sussex, Worcestershire ++ London boroughs and City of London or Greater London: Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, City of London, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth, Westminster ++ metropolitan districts: Barnsley, Birmingham, Bolton, Bradford, Bury, Calderdale, Coventry, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Kirklees, Knowlsey, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, North Tyneside, Oldham, Rochdale, Rotherham, Salford, Sandwell, Sefton, Sheffield, Solihull, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Sunderland, Tameside, Trafford, Wakefield, Walsall, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton ++ unitary authorities: Bath and North East Somerset; Bedford; Blackburn with Darwen; Blackpool; Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole; Bracknell Forest; Brighton and Hove; City of Bristol; Central Bedfordshire; Cheshire East; Cheshire West and Chester; Cornwall; Darlington; Derby; Dorset; Durham County*; East Riding of Yorkshire; Halton; Hartlepool; Herefordshire*; Isle of Wight*; Isles of Scilly; City of Kingston upon Hull; Leicester; Luton; Medway; Middlesbrough; Milton Keynes; North East Lincolnshire; North Lincolnshire; North Somerset; Northumberland*; Nottingham; Peterborough; Plymouth; Portsmouth; Reading; Redcar and Cleveland; Rutland; Shropshire; Slough; South Gloucestershire; Southampton; Southend-on-Sea; Stockton-on-Tees; Stoke-on-Trent; Swindon; Telford and Wrekin; Thurrock; Torbay; Warrington; West Berkshire; Wiltshire; Windsor and Maidenhead; Wokingham; York ++ Northern Ireland: 5 borough councils, 4 district councils, 2 city councils; ++ borough councils: Antrim and Newtownabbey; Ards and North Down; Armagh City, Banbridge, and Craigavon; Causeway Coast and Glens; Mid and East Antrim ++ district councils: Derry City and Strabane; Fermanagh and Omagh; Mid Ulster; Newry, Murne, and Down ++ city councils: Belfast; Lisburn and Castlereagh ++ Scotland: 32 council areas; ++ council areas: Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll and Bute, Clackmannanshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Dundee City, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Lothian, East Renfrewshire, City of Edinburgh, Eilean Siar (Western Isles), Falkirk, Fife, Glasgow City, Highland, Inverclyde, Midlothian, Moray, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Orkney Islands, Perth and Kinross, Renfrewshire, Shetland Islands, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, Stirling, The Scottish Borders, West Dunbartonshire, West Lothian ++ Wales: 22 unitary authorities; ++ unitary authorities: Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff, Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion, Conwy, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Gwynedd, Isle of Anglesey, Merthyr Tydfil, Monmouthshire, Neath Port Talbot, Newport, Pembrokeshire, Powys, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Swansea, The Vale of Glamorgan, Torfaen, Wrexham"
},
"Dependent areas": {
"text": "Anguilla; Bermuda; British Indian Ocean Territory; British Virgin Islands; Cayman Islands; Falkland Islands; Gibraltar; Montserrat; Pitcairn Islands; Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Turks and Caicos Islands"
@ -450,7 +450,7 @@
}
},
"Political parties and leaders": {
"text": "Alliance Party (Northern Ireland) [Naomi LONG]  ++ Brexit Party [Nigel FARAGE] ++ Conservative and Unionist Party [Boris JOHNSON] ++ Democratic Unionist Party or DUP (Northern Ireland) [Arlene FOSTER] ++ Green Party of England and Wales or Greens [Sian BERRY and Jonathan BARTLEY] ++ Labor (Labour) Party [Sir Keir STARMER] ++ Liberal Democrats (Lib Dems) [Ed Davey] ++ Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Adam PRICE] ++ Scottish National Party or SNP [Nicola STURGEON] ++ Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) [Mary Lou MCDONALD] ++ Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) [Colum EASTWOOD] ++ Ulster Unionist Party or UUP (Northern Ireland) [Robin SWANN] ++ UK Independence Party or UKIP [Pat MOUNTAIN, interim leader]"
"text": "Alliance Party (Northern Ireland) [Naomi LONG] ++ Brexit Party [Nigel FARAGE] ++ Conservative and Unionist Party [Boris JOHNSON] ++ Democratic Unionist Party or DUP (Northern Ireland) [Arlene FOSTER] ++ Green Party of England and Wales or Greens [Sian BERRY and Jonathan BARTLEY] ++ Labor (Labour) Party [Sir Keir STARMER] ++ Liberal Democrats (Lib Dems) [Ed Davey] ++ Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Adam PRICE] ++ Scottish National Party or SNP [Nicola STURGEON] ++ Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) [Mary Lou MCDONALD] ++ Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) [Colum EASTWOOD] ++ Ulster Unionist Party or UUP (Northern Ireland) [Robin SWANN] ++ UK Independence Party or UKIP [Pat MOUNTAIN, interim leader]"
},
"International organization participation": {
"text": "ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, C, CBSS (observer), CD, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNMISS, UNRWA, UN Security Council (permanent), UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC"
@ -483,7 +483,7 @@
"text": "[44] 20-7499-9000"
},
"embassy": {
"text": "33 Nine Elms Lane, London, SW11 7US United Kingdom"
"text": "33 Nine Elms Lane, London, SW11 7US or SW8 5DB (driving/GPS postcode)"
},
"mailing address": {
"text": "PSC 801, Box 40, FPO AE 09498-4040"
@ -515,7 +515,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economy - overview": {
"text": "The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, is the third largest economy in Europe after Germany and France. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with less than 2% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil resources, but its oil and natural gas reserves are declining; the UK has been a net importer of energy since 2005. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, are key drivers of British GDP growth. Manufacturing, meanwhile, has declined in importance but still accounts for about 10% of economic output. ++   ++ In 2008, the global financial crisis hit the economy particularly hard, due to the importance of its financial sector. Falling home prices, high consumer debt, and the global economic slowdown compounded the UK's economic problems, pushing the economy into recession in the latter half of 2008 and prompting the then BROWN (Labour) government to implement a number of measures to stimulate the economy and stabilize the financial markets. Facing burgeoning public deficits and debt levels, in 2010 the then CAMERON-led coalition government (between Conservatives and Liberal Democrats) initiated an austerity program, which has continued under the Conservative government. However, the deficit still remains one of the highest in the G7, standing at 3.6% of GDP as of 2017, and the UK has pledged to lower its corporation tax from 20% to 17% by 2020. The UK had a debt burden of 90.4% GDP at the end of 2017. ++   ++ The UK economy has begun to slow since the referendum vote to leave the EU in June 2016. A sustained depreciation of the British pound has increased consumer and producer prices, weighing on consumer spending without spurring a meaningful increase in exports. The UK has an extensive trade relationship with other EU members through its single market membership, and economic observers have warned the exit will jeopardize its position as the central location for European financial services. The UK is slated to leave the EU at the end of January 2020."
"text": "The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, is the third largest economy in Europe after Germany and France. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with less than 2% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil resources, but its oil and natural gas reserves are declining; the UK has been a net importer of energy since 2005. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, are key drivers of British GDP growth. Manufacturing, meanwhile, has declined in importance but still accounts for about 10% of economic output. ++ ++ In 2008, the global financial crisis hit the economy particularly hard, due to the importance of its financial sector. Falling home prices, high consumer debt, and the global economic slowdown compounded the UK's economic problems, pushing the economy into recession in the latter half of 2008 and prompting the then BROWN (Labour) government to implement a number of measures to stimulate the economy and stabilize the financial markets. Facing burgeoning public deficits and debt levels, in 2010 the then CAMERON-led coalition government (between Conservatives and Liberal Democrats) initiated an austerity program, which has continued under the Conservative government. However, the deficit still remains one of the highest in the G7, standing at 3.6% of GDP as of 2017, and the UK has pledged to lower its corporation tax from 20% to 17% by 2020. The UK had a debt burden of 90.4% GDP at the end of 2017. ++ ++ The UK economy has begun to slow since the referendum vote to leave the EU in June 2016. A sustained depreciation of the British pound has increased consumer and producer prices, weighing on consumer spending without spurring a meaningful increase in exports. The UK has an extensive trade relationship with other EU members through its single market membership, and economic observers have warned the exit will jeopardize its position as the central location for European financial services. The UK is slated to leave the EU at the end of January 2020."
},
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"text": "$2.925 trillion (2017 est.) / $2.877 trillion (2016 est.) / $2.827 trillion (2015 est.)",
@ -527,7 +527,7 @@
"text": "$2.628 trillion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "1.7% (2017 est.) / 1.8% (2016 est.) / 2.3% (2015 est.)"
"text": "1.26% (2019 est.) / 1.25% (2018 est.) / 1.74% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$44,300 (2017 est.) / $43,800 (2016 est.) / $43,400 (2015 est.)",
@ -579,7 +579,7 @@
"text": "3.4% (2017 est.)"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "33.5 million (2017 est.)"
"text": "16.033 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Labor force - by occupation": {
"agriculture": {
@ -593,7 +593,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "4.4% (2017 est.) / 4.9% (2016 est.)"
"text": "3.17% (2019 est.) / 2.51% (2018 est.)"
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "15% (2013 est.)"
@ -633,7 +633,7 @@
"text": "2.7% (2017 est.) / 0.7% (2016 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "-$99.21 billion (2017 est.) / -$139.3 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "-$121.921 billion (2019 est.) / -$104.927 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$441.2 billion (2017 est.) / $407.3 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -666,7 +666,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -758,13 +758,13 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "technologically advanced domestic and international system; one of the largest mobile and telecom markets in Europe for revenue and subscribers; will complete the switch to fiber by 2033; mobile penetration above the EU average; govt. to invest in fiber infrastructure and 5G technologies; operators expanded the reach of 5G services; FttP provided to over a million customers; super-fast broadband available to about 95% of customers (2020)"
"text": "technologically advanced domestic and international system; one of the largest mobile and telecom markets in Europe for revenue and subscribers; will complete the switch to fiber by 2033; mobile penetration above the EU average; govt. to invest in fiber infrastructure and 5G technologies; operators expanded the reach of 5G services; FttP provided to over a million customers; super-fast broadband available to about 95% of customers (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "equal mix of buried cables, microwave radio relay, and fiber-optic systems; fixed-line 48 per 100 and mobile-cellular 118 per 100 (2019)"
},
"international": {
"text": "country code - 44; Landing points for the GTT Atlantic, Scotland-Northern Ireland -1, & -2, Lanis 1,-2, &-3, Sirius North, BT-MT-1, SHEFA-2, BT Highlands and Islands Submarine Cable System, Northern Lights, FARICE-1, Celtic Norse, Tampnet Offshore FOC Network, England Cable, CC-2, E-LLan, Sirius South, ESAT -1 & -2, Rockabill, Geo-Eirgrid, UK-Netherlands-14, Circle North & South, Ulysses2, Conceto, Farland North, Pan European Crossing, Solas, Swansea-Bream, GTT Express, Tata TGN-Atlantic & -Western Europe, Apollo, EIG, Glo-1, TAT-14, Yellow, Celtic, FLAG Atlantic-1, FEA, Isle of Scilly Cable, UK-Channel Islands-8 and SeaMeWe-3 submarine cables providing links throughout Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Australia, and US; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (7 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Eutelsat; at least 8 large international switching centers (2018)"
"text": "country code - 44; Landing points for the GTT Atlantic, Scotland-Northern Ireland -1, & -2, Lanis 1,-2, &-3, Sirius North, BT-MT-1, SHEFA-2, BT Highlands and Islands Submarine Cable System, Northern Lights, FARICE-1, Celtic Norse, Tampnet Offshore FOC Network, England Cable, CC-2, E-LLan, Sirius South, ESAT -1 & -2, Rockabill, Geo-Eirgrid, UK-Netherlands-14, Circle North & South, Ulysses2, Conceto, Farland North, Pan European Crossing, Solas, Swansea-Bream, GTT Express, Tata TGN-Atlantic & -Western Europe, Apollo, EIG, Glo-1, TAT-14, Yellow, Celtic, FLAG Atlantic-1, FEA, Isle of Scilly Cable, UK-Channel Islands-8 and SeaMeWe-3 submarine cables providing links throughout Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Australia, and US; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (7 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Eutelsat; at least 8 large international switching centers (2018)"
},
"note": {
"text": "note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated"
@ -904,7 +904,7 @@
}
},
"Transportation - note": {
"text": "begun in 1988 and completed in 1994, the Channel Tunnel (nicknamed the Chunnel) is a 50.5-km (31.4-mi) rail tunnel beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover that runs from Folkestone, Kent, England to Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais in northern France; it is the only fixed link between the island of Great Britain and mainland Europe"
"text": "begun in 1988 and completed in 1994, the Channel Tunnel (nicknamed the Chunnel) is a 50.5-km (31.4-mi) rail tunnel beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover that runs from Folkestone, Kent, England to Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais in northern France; it is the only fixed link between the island of Great Britain and mainland Europe"
}
},
"Military and Security": {
@ -941,10 +941,10 @@
},
"Refugees and internally displaced persons": {
"refugees (country of origin)": {
"text": "17,231 (Iran), 13,041 (Eritrea), 9,839 (Afghanistan), 9,720 (Syria), 8,959 (Sudan), 7,742 (Pakistan), 6,772 (Zimbabwe), 5,711 (Sri Lanka) (2018)"
"text": "19,744 (Iran), 13,755 (Eritrea), 10,575 (Sudan), 10,389 (Syria), 9,513 (Afghanistan), 8,164 (Pakistan), 5,522 (Sri Lanka) (2019)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "125 (2018)"
"text": "161 (2019)"
}
},
"Illicit drugs": {

28
europe/up.json
View file

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"Introduction": {
"Background": {
"text": "Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties. ++ A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019. ++ Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel driving an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government that continues to this day. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. More than 13,000 civilians have been killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine. ++   ++  "
"text": "Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties. ++ A peaceful mass protest referred to as the \"Orange Revolution\" in the closing months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a rigged presidential election and to allow a new internationally monitored vote that swept into power a reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. Subsequent internal squabbles in the YUSHCHENKO camp allowed his rival Viktor YANUKOVYCH to stage a comeback in parliamentary (Rada) elections, become prime minister in August 2006, and be elected president in February 2010. In October 2012, Ukraine held Rada elections, widely criticized by Western observers as flawed due to use of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, interference with media access, and harassment of opposition candidates. President YANUKOVYCH's backtracking on a trade and cooperation agreement with the EU in November 2013 - in favor of closer economic ties with Russia - and subsequent use of force against students, civil society activists, and other civilians in favor of the agreement led to a three-month protest occupation of Kyiv's central square. The government's use of violence to break up the protest camp in February 2014 led to all out pitched battles, scores of deaths, international condemnation, a failed political deal, and the president's abrupt departure for Russia. New elections in the spring allowed pro-West president Petro POROSHENKO to assume office in June 2014; he was succeeded by Volodymyr ZELENSKY in May 2019. ++ Shortly after YANUKOVYCH's departure in late February 2014, Russian President PUTIN ordered the invasion of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula falsely claiming the action was to protect ethnic Russians living there. Two weeks later, a \"referendum\" was held regarding the integration of Crimea into the Russian Federation. The \"referendum\" was condemned as illegitimate by the Ukrainian Government, the EU, the US, and the UN General Assembly (UNGA). In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the \"referendum\" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. In mid-2014, Russia began supplying proxies in two of Ukraine's eastern provinces with manpower, funding, and materiel driving an armed conflict with the Ukrainian Government that continues to this day. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, and the unrecognized Russian proxy republics signed the Minsk Protocol and Memorandum in September 2014 to end the conflict. However, this agreement failed to stop the fighting or find a political solution. In a renewed attempt to alleviate ongoing clashes, leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany negotiated a follow-on Package of Measures in February 2015 to implement the Minsk agreements. Representatives from Ukraine, Russia, the unrecognized Russian proxy republics, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe also meet regularly to facilitate implementation of the peace deal. More than 13,000 civilians have been killed or wounded as a result of the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine. ++ ++"
}
},
"Geography": {
@ -133,9 +133,9 @@
}
},
"Religions": {
"text": "Orthodox (includes the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) and the Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP)), Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish (2013 est.)",
"text": "Orthodox (includes the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) and the Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP)), Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish (2013 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "note: Ukraine's population is overwhelmingly Christian; the vast majority - up to two thirds - identify themselves as Orthodox, but many do not specify a particular branch; the OCU and the UOC-MP each represent less than a quarter of the country's population, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church accounts for 8-10%, and the UAOC accounts for 1-2%; Muslim and Jewish adherents each compose less than 1% of the total population"
"text": "note: Ukraine's population is overwhelmingly Christian; the vast majority - up to two thirds - identify themselves as Orthodox, but many do not specify a particular branch; the OCU and the UOC-MP each represent less than a quarter of the country's population, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church accounts for 8-10%, and the UAOC accounts for 1-2%; Muslim and Jewish adherents each compose less than 1% of the total population"
}
},
"Age structure": {
@ -463,7 +463,7 @@
"text": "Supreme Court of Ukraine or SCU (consists of 100 judges, organized into civil, criminal, commercial and administrative chambers, and a grand chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of 18 justices); High Anti-Corruption Court (consists of 39 judges, including 12 in the Appeals Chamber)"
},
"judge selection and term of office": {
"text": "Supreme Court judges recommended by the High Qualification Commission of Judges (a 16-member state body responsible for judicial candidate testing and assessment and judicial administration), submitted to the High Council of Justice, a 21-member independent body of judicial officials responsible for judicial self-governance and administration, and appointed by the president; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 65; High Anti-Corruption Court judges are selected by the same process as Supreme Court justices, with one addition – a majority of a combined High Qualification Commission of Judges and a 6-member Public Council of International Experts must vote in favor of potential judges in order to recommend their nomination to the High Council of Justice; this majority must include at least 3 members of the Public Council of International Experts; Constitutional Court justices appointed - 6 each by the president, by the Congress of Judges, and by the Verkhovna Rada; judges serve 9-year nonrenewable terms  "
"text": "Supreme Court judges recommended by the High Qualification Commission of Judges (a 16-member state body responsible for judicial candidate testing and assessment and judicial administration), submitted to the High Council of Justice, a 21-member independent body of judicial officials responsible for judicial self-governance and administration, and appointed by the president; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 65; High Anti-Corruption Court judges are selected by the same process as Supreme Court justices, with one addition – a majority of a combined High Qualification Commission of Judges and a 6-member Public Council of International Experts must vote in favor of potential judges in order to recommend their nomination to the High Council of Justice; this majority must include at least 3 members of the Public Council of International Experts; Constitutional Court justices appointed - 6 each by the president, by the Congress of Judges, and by the Verkhovna Rada; judges serve 9-year nonrenewable terms"
},
"subordinate courts": {
"text": "Courts of Appeal; district courts"
@ -532,7 +532,7 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Economy - overview": {
"text": "After Russia, the Ukrainian Republic was the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil accounted for more than one fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied unique equipment such as large diameter pipes and vertical drilling apparatus, and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the former USSR. ++   ++ Shortly after independence in August 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Output by 1999 had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991 level. Outside institutions - particularly the IMF encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms to foster economic growth. Ukrainian Government officials eliminated most tax and customs privileges in a March 2005 budget law, bringing more economic activity out of Ukraine's large shadow economy. From 2000 until mid-2008, Ukraine's economy was buoyant despite political turmoil between the prime minister and president. The economy contracted nearly 15% in 2009, among the worst economic performances in the world. In April 2010, Ukraine negotiated a price discount on Russian gas imports in exchange for extending Russia's lease on its naval base in Crimea. ++   ++ Ukraine's oligarch-dominated economy grew slowly from 2010 to 2013 but remained behind peers in the region and among Europe's poorest. After former President YANUKOVYCH fled the country during the Revolution of Dignity, Ukraine's economy fell into crisis because of Russia's annexation of Crimea, military conflict in the eastern part of the country, and a trade war with Russia, resulting in a 17% decline in GDP, inflation at nearly 60%, and dwindling foreign currency reserves. The international community began efforts to stabilize the Ukrainian economy, including a March 2014 IMF assistance package of $17.5 billion, of which Ukraine has received four disbursements, most recently in April 2017, bringing the total disbursed as of that date to approximately $8.4 billion. Ukraine has made progress on reforms designed to make the country prosperous, democratic, and transparent, including creation of a national anti-corruption agency, overhaul of the banking sector, establishment of a transparent VAT refund system, and increased transparency in government procurement. But more improvements are needed, including fighting corruption, developing capital markets, improving the business environment to attract foreign investment, privatizing state-owned enterprises, and land reform. The fifth tranche of the IMF program, valued at $1.9 billion, was delayed in mid-2017 due to lack of progress on outstanding reforms, including adjustment of gas tariffs to import parity levels and adoption of legislation establishing an independent anti-corruption court. ++   ++ Russia's occupation of Crimea in March 2014 and ongoing Russian aggression in eastern Ukraine have hurt economic growth. With the loss of a major portion of Ukraine's heavy industry in Donbas and ongoing violence, the economy contracted by 6.6% in 2014 and by 9.8% in 2015, but it returned to low growth in in 2016 and 2017, reaching 2.3% and 2.0%, respectively, as key reforms took hold. Ukraine also redirected trade activity towards the EU following the implementation of a bilateral Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement, displacing Russia as its largest trading partner. A prohibition on commercial trade with separatist-controlled territories in early 2017 has not impacted Ukraine's key industrial sectors as much as expected, largely because of favorable external conditions. Ukraine returned to international debt markets in September 2017, issuing a $3 billion sovereign bond."
"text": "After Russia, the Ukrainian Republic was the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil accounted for more than one fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied unique equipment such as large diameter pipes and vertical drilling apparatus, and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the former USSR. ++ ++ Shortly after independence in August 1991, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Output by 1999 had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991 level. Outside institutions - particularly the IMF encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms to foster economic growth. Ukrainian Government officials eliminated most tax and customs privileges in a March 2005 budget law, bringing more economic activity out of Ukraine's large shadow economy. From 2000 until mid-2008, Ukraine's economy was buoyant despite political turmoil between the prime minister and president. The economy contracted nearly 15% in 2009, among the worst economic performances in the world. In April 2010, Ukraine negotiated a price discount on Russian gas imports in exchange for extending Russia's lease on its naval base in Crimea. ++ ++ Ukraine's oligarch-dominated economy grew slowly from 2010 to 2013 but remained behind peers in the region and among Europe's poorest. After former President YANUKOVYCH fled the country during the Revolution of Dignity, Ukraine's economy fell into crisis because of Russia's annexation of Crimea, military conflict in the eastern part of the country, and a trade war with Russia, resulting in a 17% decline in GDP, inflation at nearly 60%, and dwindling foreign currency reserves. The international community began efforts to stabilize the Ukrainian economy, including a March 2014 IMF assistance package of $17.5 billion, of which Ukraine has received four disbursements, most recently in April 2017, bringing the total disbursed as of that date to approximately $8.4 billion. Ukraine has made progress on reforms designed to make the country prosperous, democratic, and transparent, including creation of a national anti-corruption agency, overhaul of the banking sector, establishment of a transparent VAT refund system, and increased transparency in government procurement. But more improvements are needed, including fighting corruption, developing capital markets, improving the business environment to attract foreign investment, privatizing state-owned enterprises, and land reform. The fifth tranche of the IMF program, valued at $1.9 billion, was delayed in mid-2017 due to lack of progress on outstanding reforms, including adjustment of gas tariffs to import parity levels and adoption of legislation establishing an independent anti-corruption court. ++ ++ Russia's occupation of Crimea in March 2014 and ongoing Russian aggression in eastern Ukraine have hurt economic growth. With the loss of a major portion of Ukraine's heavy industry in Donbas and ongoing violence, the economy contracted by 6.6% in 2014 and by 9.8% in 2015, but it returned to low growth in in 2016 and 2017, reaching 2.3% and 2.0%, respectively, as key reforms took hold. Ukraine also redirected trade activity towards the EU following the implementation of a bilateral Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement, displacing Russia as its largest trading partner. A prohibition on commercial trade with separatist-controlled territories in early 2017 has not impacted Ukraine's key industrial sectors as much as expected, largely because of favorable external conditions. Ukraine returned to international debt markets in September 2017, issuing a $3 billion sovereign bond."
},
"GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"text": "$369.6 billion (2017 est.) / $360.5 billion (2016 est.) / $351.9 billion (2015 est.)",
@ -544,7 +544,7 @@
"text": "$112.1 billion (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - real growth rate": {
"text": "2.5% (2017 est.) / 2.4% (2016 est.) / -9.8% (2015 est.)"
"text": "3.24% (2019 est.) / 3.41% (2018 est.) / 2.48% (2017 est.)"
},
"GDP - per capita (PPP)": {
"text": "$8,800 (2017 est.) / $8,500 (2016 est.) / $8,300 (2015 est.)",
@ -610,7 +610,7 @@
}
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"text": "9.2% (2017 est.) / 9.3% (2016 est.)",
"text": "8.89% (2019 est.) / 9.42% (2018 est.)",
"note": {
"text": "note: officially registered workers; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers"
}
@ -659,7 +659,7 @@
}
},
"Current account balance": {
"text": "-$2.088 billion (2017 est.) / -$1.394 billion (2016 est.)"
"text": "-$4.124 billion (2019 est.) / -$6.432 billion (2018 est.)"
},
"Exports": {
"text": "$39.69 billion (2017 est.) / $33.56 billion (2016 est.)"
@ -692,7 +692,7 @@
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2016)"
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
},
"Electricity - production": {
@ -784,7 +784,7 @@
},
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {
"text": "telecommunication development plan emphasizes improving domestic trunk lines, international connections, and the mobile-cellular system; Turkey and Russia have made investments to Ukraine's telecom market; competition available between 3 alternative operators moving from 3G services, but some areas still use 2G; LTE services available in some areas; FttP networks taking over DSL platforms; political tensions have not added to growth and telecom regulators must not count Crimea numbers (Annexed by Russia in 2014); mobile broadband services present a growth opportunity (2020)"
"text": "telecommunication development plan emphasizes improving domestic trunk lines, international connections, and the mobile-cellular system; Turkey and Russia have made investments to Ukraine's telecom market; competition available between 3 alternative operators moving from 3G services, but some areas still use 2G; LTE services available in some areas; FttP networks taking over DSL platforms; political tensions have not added to growth and telecom regulators must not count Crimea numbers (Annexed by Russia in 2014); mobile broadband services present a growth opportunity (2020)"
},
"domestic": {
"text": "fixed-line teledensity is 10 per 100; the mobile-cellular telephone system's expansion has slowed, largely due to saturation of the market that is now 131 mobile phones per 100 persons (2019)"
@ -797,7 +797,7 @@
}
},
"Broadcast media": {
"text": "Ukraine's media landscape is dominated by oligarch-owned news outlets, which are often politically motivated and at odds with one another and/or the government; while polls suggest most Ukrainians still receive news from traditional media sources, social media is a crucial component of information dissemination in Ukraine; almost all Ukrainian politicians and opinion leaders communicate with the public via social media and maintain at least one social media page, if not more; this allows them direct communication with audiences, and news often breaks on Facebook or Twitter before being picked up by traditional news outlets ++ Ukraine television serves as the principal source of news; the largest national networks are controlled by oligarchs: TRK Ukraina is owned by Rinat Akhmetov; Studio 1+1 is owned by Ihor Kolomoyskyy; Inter is owned by Dmytro Firtash and Serhiy Lyovochkin; and StarlightMedia channels (ICTV, STB, and Novyi Kanal) are owned by Victor Pinchuk;  a set of 24-hour news channels also have clear political affiliations: 112-Ukraine and NewsOne tacitly support pro-Russian opposition and are believed to be controlled by political and business tycoon Viktor Medvedchuk; pro-Ukrainian government Channel 5 and Pryamyi are linked to President Petro Poroshenko; 24 and ZIK are owned by opposition, but not pro-Russian, politicians; UA: Suspilne is a public television station under the umbrella of the National Public Broadcasting Company of Ukraine; while it is often praised by media experts for balanced coverage, it lags in popularity; Ukrainian Radio, institutionally linked to UA: Suspilne, is one of only two national talk radio networks, with the other being the privately owned Radio NV (2019)"
"text": "Ukraine's media landscape is dominated by oligarch-owned news outlets, which are often politically motivated and at odds with one another and/or the government; while polls suggest most Ukrainians still receive news from traditional media sources, social media is a crucial component of information dissemination in Ukraine; almost all Ukrainian politicians and opinion leaders communicate with the public via social media and maintain at least one social media page, if not more; this allows them direct communication with audiences, and news often breaks on Facebook or Twitter before being picked up by traditional news outlets ++ Ukraine television serves as the principal source of news; the largest national networks are controlled by oligarchs: TRK Ukraina is owned by Rinat Akhmetov; Studio 1+1 is owned by Ihor Kolomoyskyy; Inter is owned by Dmytro Firtash and Serhiy Lyovochkin; and StarlightMedia channels (ICTV, STB, and Novyi Kanal) are owned by Victor Pinchuk; a set of 24-hour news channels also have clear political affiliations: 112-Ukraine and NewsOne tacitly support pro-Russian opposition and are believed to be controlled by political and business tycoon Viktor Medvedchuk; pro-Ukrainian government Channel 5 and Pryamyi are linked to President Petro Poroshenko; 24 and ZIK are owned by opposition, but not pro-Russian, politicians; UA: Suspilne is a public television station under the umbrella of the National Public Broadcasting Company of Ukraine; while it is often praised by media experts for balanced coverage, it lags in popularity; Ukrainian Radio, institutionally linked to UA: Suspilne, is one of only two national talk radio networks, with the other being the privately owned Radio NV (2019)"
},
"Internet country code": {
"text": ".ua"
@ -819,7 +819,7 @@
}
},
"Communications - note": {
"text": "a sorting code to expeditiously handle large volumes of mail was first set up in Ukraine (then part of the Soviet Union) in the 1930s; the sophisticated, three-part (number-letter-number) postal code system, referred to as an \"index,\" was the world's first postal zip code; the system functioned well and was in use from 1932 to 1939 when it was abruptly discontinued"
"text": "a sorting code to expeditiously handle large volumes of mail was first set up in Ukraine (then part of the Soviet Union) in the 1930s; the sophisticated, three-part (number-letter-number) postal code system, referred to as an \"index,\" was the world's first postal zip code; the system functioned well and was in use from 1932 to 1939 when it was abruptly discontinued"
}
},
"Transportation": {
@ -924,7 +924,7 @@
},
"Military and Security": {
"Military and security forces": {
"text": "Armed Forces of Ukraine (Zbroyni Syly Ukrayiny, ZSU): Ground Forces (Sukhoputni Viys'ka), Naval Forces (Viys'kovo-Mors'ki Syly, VMS), Air Forces (Povitryani Syly, PS), Air Assault Forces (Desantno-shturmovi Viyska, DShV);  Ministry of Internal Affairs: National Guard of Ukraine, State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (includes Maritime Border Guard) (2020)"
"text": "Armed Forces of Ukraine (Zbroyni Syly Ukrayiny, ZSU): Ground Forces (Sukhoputni Viys'ka), Naval Forces (Viys'kovo-Mors'ki Syly, VMS), Air Forces (Povitryani Syly, PS), Air Assault Forces (Desantno-shturmovi Viyska, DShV); Ministry of Internal Affairs: National Guard of Ukraine, State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (includes Maritime Border Guard) (2020)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"text": "3.9% of GDP (2019) / 3.7% of GDP (2018) / 2.9% of GDP (2017) / 3.2% of GDP (2016) / 3.3% of GDP (2015)"
@ -951,7 +951,7 @@
"text": "734,000 (Russian-sponsored separatist violence in Crimea and eastern Ukraine) (2020)"
},
"stateless persons": {
"text": "35,650 (2018); note - citizens of the former USSR who were permanently resident in Ukraine were granted citizenship upon Ukraine's independence in 1991, but some missed this window of opportunity; people arriving after 1991, Crimean Tatars, ethnic Koreans, people with expired Soviet passports, and people with no documents have difficulty acquiring Ukrainian citizenship; following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989, thousands of Crimean Tatars and their descendants deported from Ukraine under the STALIN regime returned to their homeland, some being stateless and others holding the citizenship of Uzbekistan or other former Soviet republics; a 1998 bilateral agreement between Ukraine and Uzbekistan simplified the process of renouncing Uzbek citizenship and obtaining Ukrainian citizenship"
"text": "35,642 (2019); note - citizens of the former USSR who were permanently resident in Ukraine were granted citizenship upon Ukraine's independence in 1991, but some missed this window of opportunity; people arriving after 1991, Crimean Tatars, ethnic Koreans, people with expired Soviet passports, and people with no documents have difficulty acquiring Ukrainian citizenship; following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989, thousands of Crimean Tatars and their descendants deported from Ukraine under the STALIN regime returned to their homeland, some being stateless and others holding the citizenship of Uzbekistan or other former Soviet republics; a 1998 bilateral agreement between Ukraine and Uzbekistan simplified the process of renouncing Uzbek citizenship and obtaining Ukrainian citizenship"
}
},
"Trafficking in persons": {

7
europe/vt.json
View file

@ -365,6 +365,13 @@
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar - / 0.885 (2017 est.) / 0.903 (2016 est.) / 0.9214 (2015 est.) / 0.885 (2014 est.) / 0.7634 (2013 est.)"
}
},
"Energy": {
"Electricity access": {
"electrification - total population": {
"text": "100% (2020)"
}
}
},
"Communications": {
"Telecommunication systems": {
"general assessment": {