diff --git a/caribbean/ag-antigua-n-barbuda.json b/caribbean/ag-antigua-n-barbuda.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..946fb1dc --- /dev/null +++ b/caribbean/ag-antigua-n-barbuda.json @@ -0,0 +1,551 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The Siboney were the first people to inhabit the islands of Antigua and Barbuda in 2400 B.C., but Arawak Indians populated the islands when COLUMBUS landed on his second voyage in 1493. Early Spanish and French settlements were succeeded by an English colony in 1667. Slavery, established to run the sugar plantations on Antigua, was abolished in 1834. The islands became an independent state within the British Commonwealth of Nations in 1981." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "17 03 N, 61 48 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "442.6 sq km (Antigua 280 sq km; Barbuda 161 sq km)", + "land": "442.6 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km", + "note": "includes Redonda, 1.6 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "153 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", + "highest_point": "Boggy Peak 402 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "NEGL; pleasant climate fosters tourism" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "9.09%", + "permanent_crops": "2.27%", + "other": "88.64% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "1.3 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "0.05 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.01 cu km/yr (63%/21%/15%)", + "per_capita": "97.67 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "water management - a major concern because of limited natural freshwater resources - is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing rainfall to run off quickly" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "Antigua has a deeply indented shoreline with many natural harbors and beaches; Barbuda has a large western harbor" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s)", + "adjective": "Antiguan, Barbudan" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "black 91%, mixed 4.4%, white 1.7%, other 2.9% (2001 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official), local dialects" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Protestant 76.4% (Anglican 25.7%, Seventh-Day Adventist 12.3%, Pentecostal 10.6%, Moravian 10.5%, Methodist 7.9%, Baptist 4.9%, Church of God 4.5%), Roman Catholic 10.4%, other Christian 5.4%, other 2%, none or unspecified 5.8% (2001 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "90,156 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "24.7% (male 11,333/female 10,979)", + "15_24_years": "16.7% (male 7,465/female 7,622)", + "25_54_years": "42.8% (male 17,638/female 20,930)", + "55_64_years": "8.6% (male 3,530/female 4,229)", + "65_years_and_over": "7.1% (male 2,771/female 3,659) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "47.2 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "36.7 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "10.5 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "9.5 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "30.8 years", + "male": "29.1 years", + "female": "32.3 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.26% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "16.07 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "5.7 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "2.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "30% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "SAINT JOHN'S (capital) 27,000 (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.97 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.84 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.84 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.76 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.9 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "13.72 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "15.8 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "11.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "75.91 years", + "male": "73.85 years", + "female": "78.07 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.04 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "6% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.17 physicians/1,000 population (1999)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "2.2 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 95% of population; rural: 89% of population; total: 91% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 5% of population; rural: 11% of population; total: 9% of population (2000 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 94% of population; total: 95% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 6% of population; total: 5% of population (2000 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "25.6% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "2.5% of GDP (2009)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling", + "total_population": "99%", + "male": "98.4%", + "female": "99.4% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "14 years", + "male": "14 years", + "female": "14 years (2011)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "19.9%", + "male": "18.4%", + "female": "21.6% (2001)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "none", + "conventional_short_form": "Antigua and Barbuda" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government and a Commonwealth realm" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Saint John's", + "geographic_coordinates": "17 07 N, 61 51 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "6 parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "1 November 1981 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day (National Day), 1 November (1981)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "1 November 1981" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "common law based on the English model" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Louisse LAKE-TACK (since 17 July 2007)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Winston Baldwin SPENCER (since 24 March 2004)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister", + "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general chosen by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (17 seats; members appointed by the governor general) and the House of Representatives (17 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "House of Representatives - last held on 12 March 2009 (next to be held in 2014)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - UPP 50.9%, ALP 47.2%, BPM 1.1%, other 0.8%; seats by party - UPP 9, ALP 7, BPM 1" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to include Antigua and Barbuda; the ECSC - headquartered on St. Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and is comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 16 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the 9 member states; 2 High Court judges reside on Antigua and Barbuda note - Antigua and Barbuda replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London as the final appellate court; also a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court Chief Justice appointed by the Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62", + "subordinate_courts": "Industrial Court; Magistrates' Courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Antigua Labor Party or ALP [Gaston BROWNE]; Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Trevor WALKER]; Barbuda People's Movement for Change [Arthur NIBBS]; Barbudans for a Better Barbuda [Ordrick SAMUEL]; United Progressive Party or UPP [W. Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three parties - Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, Progressive Labor Movement or PLM, United National Democratic Party or UNDP)" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Antigua Trades and Labor Union or ATLU [Wigley GEORGE]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Hugh MARSHALL]" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Deborah Mae LOVELL", + "chancery": "3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 362-5122", + "fax": "[1] (202) 362-5525", + "consulates_general": "Miami, New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Antigua and Barbuda; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band; the sun symbolizes the dawn of a new era, black represents the African heritage of most of the population, blue is for hope, and red is for the dynamism of the people; the \"V\" stands for victory; the successive yellow, blue, and white coloring is also meant to evoke the country's tourist attractions of sun, sea, and sand" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee\"", + "lyrics_music": "Novelle Hamilton RICHARDS/Walter Garnet Picart CHAMBERS", + "note": "adopted 1967; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, \"God Save the Queen\" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Tourism continues to dominate Antigua and Barbuda's economy, accounting for nearly 60% of GDP and 40% of investment. The dual-island nation's agricultural production is focused on the domestic market and constrained by a limited water supply and a labor shortage stemming from the lure of higher wages in tourism and construction. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic components. Prospects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to depend on tourist arrivals from the US, Canada, and Europe and potential damages from natural disasters. After taking office in 2004, the SPENCER government adopted an ambitious fiscal reform program and was successful in reducing its public debt-to-GDP ratio from approximately 130% in 2010 to 89% in 2012. In 2009, Antigua's economy was severely hit by the global economic crisis and suffered from the collapse of its largest private sector employer, a steep decline in tourism, a rise in debt, and a sharp economic contraction between 2009-11. Antigua has not yet returned to its pre-crisis growth levels." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$1.605 billion (2012 est.); $1.58 billion (2011 est.); $1.628 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$1.176 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.6% (2012 est.); -3% (2011 est.); -8.5% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$18,300 (2012 est.); $18,000 (2011 est.); $18,600 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "27.3%", + "government_consumption": "23.9%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "91.5%", + "investment_in_inventories": "-37.3%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "58.2%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-63.6% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "2.3%", + "industry": "18.3%", + "services": "79.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "cotton, fruits, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; livestock" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "30,000 (1991)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "7%", + "industry": "11%", + "services": "82% (1983)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "11% (2001 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$229.5 million", + "expenditures": "$293.4 million (2009 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "19.5% of GDP (2009 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-5.4% of GDP (2009 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "89% of GDP (2012 est.); 130% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 April - 31 March" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "1.4% (2012 est.); 3.3% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 6.5% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "10.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 10.93% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$208.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $223.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$1.131 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.12 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$1.185 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.134 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$200 million (2012 est.); -$120.1 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$37.9 million (2012 est.); $43.45 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "petroleum products, bedding, handicrafts, electronic components, transport equipment, food and live animals" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$400 million (2012 est.); $427 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$441.2 million (31 December 2012); $458 million (June 2010)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -; 2.7 (2012 est.); 2.7 (2011 est.); 2.7 (2010 est.); 2.7 (2009)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "115 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "107 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "27,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "5,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "239.5 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "4,662 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "718,800 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "35,500 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "176,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "good automatic telephone system", + "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity roughly 40 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is some 200 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 1-268; landing points for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) and the Global Caribbean Network (GCN) submarine cable systems with links to other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; satellite earth stations - 2; tropospheric scatter to Saba (Netherlands) and Guadeloupe (France) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "state-controlled Antigua and Barbuda Broadcasting Service (ABS) operates 1 TV station; multi-channel cable TV subscription services are available; ABS operates 1 radio station; roughly 15 radio stations, some broadcasting on multiple frequencies (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".ag" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "11,532 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "65,000 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "3 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "2", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "1", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "1,165 km", + "paved": "384 km", + "unpaved": "781 km (2002)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "1,257", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 49, cargo 753, carrier 6, chemical tanker 4, container 407, liquefied gas 12, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 17, vehicle carrier 2", + "foreign_owned": "1,215 (Albania 1, Colombia 1, Denmark 20, Estonia 10, Germany 1094, Greece 4, Iceland 10, Latvia 16, Lithuania 3, Mexico 1, Netherlands 17, Norway 9, NZ 2, Poland 2, Russia 3, Switzerland 7, Turkey 7, UK 1, US 7) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Saint John's" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Ministry of National Security, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force (includes Antigua and Barbuda Coast Guard) (2012)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; Governor-General has powers to call up men for national service and set the age at which they could be called up (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "21,141", + "females_age_16_49": "24,056 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "17,676", + "females_age_16_49": "19,960 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "806", + "female": "799 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "3.3% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "none" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "considered a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as an offshore financial center" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/bb-barbados.json b/caribbean/bb-barbados.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0b78ba9b --- /dev/null +++ b/caribbean/bb-barbados.json @@ -0,0 +1,574 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The island was uninhabited when first settled by the British in 1627. African slaves worked the sugar plantations established on the island until 1834 when slavery was abolished. The economy remained heavily dependent on sugar, rum, and molasses production through most of the 20th century. The gradual introduction of social and political reforms in the 1940s and 1950s led to complete independence from the UK in 1966. In the 1990s, tourism and manufacturing surpassed the sugar industry in economic importance." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Caribbean, island in the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "13 10 N, 59 32 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "430 sq km", + "land": "430 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "97 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; rainy season (June to October)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Mount Hillaby 336 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "petroleum, fish, natural gas" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "27.91%", + "permanent_crops": "2.33%", + "other": "69.77% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "54.35 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "0.08 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.1 cu km/yr (20%/26%/54%)", + "per_capita": "371.3 cu m/yr (2009)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "pollution of coastal waters from waste disposal by ships; soil erosion; illegal solid waste disposal threatens contamination of aquifers" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "easternmost Caribbean island" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Barbadian(s) or Bajan (colloquial)", + "adjective": "Barbadian or Bajan (colloquial)" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "black 93%, white 3.2%, mixed 2.6%, East Indian 1%, other 0.2% (2000 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Protestant 63.4% (Anglican 28.3%, Pentecostal 18.7%, Methodist 5.1%, other 11.3%), Roman Catholic 4.2%, other Christian 7%, other 4.8%, none or unspecified 20.6% (2008 est.)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "288,725 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "18.6% (male 26,849/female 26,853)", + "15_24_years": "13.8% (male 19,937/female 19,852)", + "25_54_years": "45.4% (male 65,153/female 65,902)", + "55_64_years": "12% (male 16,102/female 18,550)", + "65_years_and_over": "10.2% (male 11,642/female 17,885) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "42.3 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "26.9 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "15.5 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "6.5 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "37.3 years", + "male": "36.2 years", + "female": "38.4 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.34% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "12.1 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "8.4 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "44% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "BRIDGETOWN (capital) 122,000 (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.86 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.65 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.94 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "51 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "11.13 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "12.49 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "9.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "74.75 years", + "male": "72.47 years", + "female": "77.05 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "1.68 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "8% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "1.81 physicians/1,000 population (2005)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "6.8 beds/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "1.4% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "2,100 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "34.7% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "7.5% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over has ever attended school", + "total_population": "99.7%", + "male": "99.7%", + "female": "99.7% (2002 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "17 years", + "male": "15 years", + "female": "18 years (2011)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "26.2%", + "male": "24.1%", + "female": "28.7% (2003)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "none", + "conventional_short_form": "Barbados" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Bridgetown", + "geographic_coordinates": "13 06 N, 59 37 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "11 parishes and 1 city*; Bridgetown*, Christ Church, Saint Andrew, Saint George, Saint James, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Lucy, Saint Michael, Saint Peter, Saint Philip, Saint Thomas" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "30 November 1966 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 30 November (1966)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "30 November 1966" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Elliot BELGRAVE (since 1 June 2012)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Freundel STUART (since 23 October 2010)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister", + "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (21 seats; members appointed by the governor general - 12 on the advice of the Prime Minister, 2 on the advice of the opposition leader, and 7 at his discretion) and the House of Assembly (30 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "House of Assembly - last held on 21 February 2013 (next to be called in 2018)", + "election_results": "House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - DLP 51.3%, BLP 48.3%, other .4%; seats by party - DLP 16, BLP 14" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court (consists of the High Court with 8 justices) and the Court of Appeal (consists of the chief Justice and president of the court and 4 justices note - Barbados, a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice, replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) as the final court of appeal", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the governor-general on the recommendation of the prime minister and opposition leader of Parliament; other justices appointed by the governor-general on the recommendation of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, a 5-member independent body consisting of the Supreme Court chief justice, the commission head, and governor-general appointees recommended by the prime minister; justices serve until mandatory retirement at age 65", + "subordinate_courts": "Magistrates' Courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Barbados Labor Party or BLP [Owen ARTHUR]; Democratic Labor Party or DLP [Freundel STUART]; People's Empowerment Party or PEP [David COMISSIONG]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Barbados Secondary Teachers' Union or BSTU [Mary REDMAN]; Barbados Union of Teachers or BUT [Karen BEST]; Congress of Trade Unions and Staff Associations of Barbados or CTUSAB, (includes the BWU, NUPW, BUT, and BSTU) [Leroy TROTMAN]; Barbados Workers Union or BWU [Linda BROOKS]; Clement Payne Labor Union [David COMISSIONG]; National Union of Public Workers [Walter MALONEY]" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador John BEALE", + "chancery": "2144 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 939-9200", + "fax": "[1] (202) 332-7467", + "consulates_general": "Miami, New York", + "consulates": "Los Angeles" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Larry L. PALMER", + "embassy": "U.S. Embassy, Wildey Business Park, Wildey, St. Michael BB 14006", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 302, Bridgetown BB 11000; (Department Name) Unit 3120, DPO AA 34055", + "telephone": "[1] (246) 227-4000", + "fax": "[1] (246) 431-0179" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold, and blue with the head of a black trident centered on the gold band; the band colors represent the blue of the sea and sky and the gold of the beaches; the trident head represents independence and a break with the past (the colonial coat of arms contained a complete trident)" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "Neptune's trident" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"The National Anthem of Barbados\"", + "lyrics_music": "Irving BURGIE/C. Van Roland EDWARDS", + "note": "adopted 1966; the anthem is also known as \"In Plenty and In Time of Need\"" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Barbados is the wealthiest and most developed country in the Eastern Caribbean and enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in Latin America. Historically, the Barbadian economy was dependent on sugarcane cultivation and related activities. However, in recent years the economy has diversified into light industry and tourism with about four-fifths of GDP and of exports being attributed to services. Offshore finance and information services are important foreign exchange earners and thrive from having the same time zone as eastern US financial centers and a relatively highly educated workforce. Barbados' tourism, financial services, and construction industries have been hard hit since the onset of the global economic crisis in 2008, which caused the economy to contract 4% in 2009 and grow below 1% annually since 2010. Barbados' public debt-to-GDP ratio rose from 56% in 2008 to 83% in 2012." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$7.169 billion (2012 est.); $7.169 billion (2011 est.); $7.128 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$4.49 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "0% (2012 est.); 0.6% (2011 est.); 0.2% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$25,800 (2012 est.); $25,900 (2011 est.); $25,800 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "72.7%", + "government_consumption": "19.2%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "14.5%", + "investment_in_inventories": "-3.1%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "46.5%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-49.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "3.1%", + "industry": "13.9%", + "services": "83% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "sugarcane, vegetables, cotton" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for export" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "137,500 (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "10%", + "industry": "15%", + "services": "75% (1996 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "11.6% (2012 est.); 10.8% (2010 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$1.194 billion (2012 est.)", + "expenditures": "$1.513 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "26.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-7.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "82.9% of GDP (2012 est.); 80.1% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 April - 31 March" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "4.8% (2012 est.); 9.4% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "7% (31 December 2010 est.); 7% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "8.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 8.7% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$1.84 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.8 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$5.711 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $5.239 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$5.236 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.068 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$4.571 billion (31 December 2011); $4.366 billion (31 December 2010); $4.39 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$344.9 million (2012 est.); -$358.5 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$1.039 billion (2012 est.); $948.3 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "manufactures, sugar and molasses, rum, other foods and beverages, chemicals, electrical components" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Trinidad and Tobago 21.3%, US 11%, St. Lucia 9.9%, St. Vincent and the Grenadines 6.1%, Antigua and Barbuda 5%, St. Kitts and Nevis 4.7%, Jamaica 4.5%, UK 4.1%, Colombia 4% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$1.584 billion (2012 est.); $1.728 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction materials, chemicals, fuel, electrical components" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Trinidad and Tobago 37.9%, US 25.7%, China 5.4% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$773.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $812.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$4.49 billion (2010 est.); $668 million (2003 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Barbadian dollars (BBD) per US dollar -; 2 (2012 est.); 2 (2011 est.); 2 (2010 est.)", + "note": "the Barbadian dollar is pegged to the US dollar" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "1.037 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "955 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "239,100 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "1,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "2.26 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "8,339 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "7,686 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "29.17 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "29.17 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "113.3 million cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "1.57 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "140,700 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "347,900 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "island-wide automatic telephone system", + "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity of roughly 50 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density approaching 125 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 1-246; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; satellite earth stations - 1 (Intelsat - Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Trinidad and Saint Lucia (2009)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "government-owned Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) operates the lone terrestrial TV station; CBC also operates a multi-channel cable TV subscription service; roughly a dozen radio stations, consisting of a CBC-operated network operating alongside privately owned radio stations (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".bb" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "1,524 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "188,000 (2008)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "1", + "over_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "gas 33 km; oil 64 km; refined products 6 km (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "1,600 km", + "paved": "1,600 km (2004)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "109", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 23, cargo 52, chemical tanker 13, container 6, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 8, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 1", + "foreign_owned": "83 (Canada 11, Greece 14, Iran 5, Lebanon 2, Norway 38, Sweden 4, Syria 1, Turkey 1, UAE 1, UK 6) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Bridgetown" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Royal Barbados Defense Force: Troops Command, Barbados Coast Guard (2011)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service, or earlier with parental consent; no conscription (2013)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "73,820", + "females_age_16_49": "73,835 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "58,125", + "females_age_16_49": "58,016 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "1,842", + "female": "1,849 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.8% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "military_note": { + "text": "the Royal Barbados Defense Force includes a land-based Troop Command and a small Coast Guard; the primary role of the land element is island defense against external aggression; the Command consists of a single, part-time battalion with a small regular cadre deployed throughout the island; the cadre increasingly supports the police in patrolling the coastline for smuggling and other illicit activities (2007)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's exclusive economic zone; joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its Economic Exclusion Zone/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Barbados is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; legal and illegal female migrants from Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, and Guyana seem most vulnerable to forced prostitution; Barbadian and immigrant children are prostituted in exchange for material goods; in the past, foreigners are reported to have been forced to work in the domestic service, agriculture, and construction industries", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Barbados does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the country was granted a waiver of an otherwise required downgrade to Tier 3 because the government adopted a national action plan on human trafficking that specifies implementing agencies and addresses prosecution, protection, and prevention measures; the government conducted at least two sex trafficking investigations in 2012, as opposed to none in the previous year but did not report any prosecutions or convictions of trafficking offenses; Barbadian law does not appear to prohibit all forms of human trafficking and does not prescribe sufficiently stringent penalties; government efforts to prevent human trafficking included broadcasting short public awareness messages, holding town hall meetings, and funding a hotline (2013)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics bound for Europe and the US; offshore financial center" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/bs-bahamas.json b/caribbean/bs-bahamas.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..905bb3eb --- /dev/null +++ b/caribbean/bs-bahamas.json @@ -0,0 +1,575 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Lucayan Indians inhabited the islands when Christopher COLUMBUS first set foot in the New World on San Salvador in 1492. British settlement of the islands began in 1647; the islands became a colony in 1783. Since attaining independence from the UK in 1973, The Bahamas has prospered through tourism, international banking, and investment management. Because of its geography, the country is a major transshipment point for illegal drugs, particularly shipments to the US and Europe, and its territory is used for smuggling illegal migrants into the US." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "24 15 N, 76 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "13,880 sq km", + "land": "10,010 sq km", + "water": "3,870 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Connecticut" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "3,542 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Atlantic Ocean 0 m", + "highest_point": "Mount Alvernia on Cat Island 63 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "salt, aragonite, timber, arable land" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "0.65%", + "permanent_crops": "0.29%", + "other": "99.06% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "10 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "0.02 cu km (2011)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "coral reef decay; solid waste disposal" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive island chain of which 30 are inhabited" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Bahamian(s)", + "adjective": "Bahamian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "black 85%, white 12%, Asian and Hispanic 3%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Protestant 67.6% (Baptist 35.4%, Anglican 15.1%, Pentecostal 8.1%, Church of God 4.8%, Methodist 4.2%), Roman Catholic 13.5%, other Christian 15.2%, none or unspecified 2.9%, other 0.8% (2000 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "319,031 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "23.6% (male 38,174/female 37,066)", + "15_24_years": "17.5% (male 28,306/female 27,562)", + "25_54_years": "44.1% (male 70,093/female 70,608)", + "55_64_years": "8.1% (male 11,371/female 14,355)", + "65_years_and_over": "6.7% (male 8,233/female 13,263) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "40.9 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "30 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "10.8 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "9.2 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "30.8 years", + "male": "29.7 years", + "female": "32 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.89% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "15.81 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "6.96 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "84% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "NASSAU (capital) 254,000 (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.79 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.62 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "47 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "12.89 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "12.9 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "12.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "71.69 years", + "male": "69.25 years", + "female": "74.19 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "1.97 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "7.9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "1.05 physicians/1,000 population (1998)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "3.1 beds/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 86% of population; total: 96% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 14% of population; total: 4% of population (2000 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 100% of population; rural: 100% of population; total: 100% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "3.1% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "6,600 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 500 (2009 est.)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "34.7% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "95.6%", + "male": "94.7%", + "female": "96.5% (2003 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "12 years", + "male": "12 years", + "female": "12 years (2006)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "18.9%", + "male": "16.7%", + "female": "21.7% (2007)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Commonwealth of The Bahamas", + "conventional_short_form": "The Bahamas" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "constitutional parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Nassau", + "geographic_coordinates": "25 05 N, 77 21 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "31 districts; Acklins Islands, Berry Islands, Bimini, Black Point, Cat Island, Central Abaco, Central Andros, Central Eleuthera, City of Freeport, Crooked Island and Long Cay, East Grand Bahama, Exuma, Grand Cay, Harbour Island, Hope Town, Inagua, Long Island, Mangrove Cay, Mayaguana, Moore's Island, North Abaco, North Andros, North Eleuthera, Ragged Island, Rum Cay, San Salvador, South Abaco, South Andros, South Eleuthera, Spanish Wells, West Grand Bahama" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "10 July 1973 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 10 July (1973)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "10 July 1973" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "common law system based on the English model" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Sir Arthur A. FOULKES (since 14 April 2010)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Perry CHRISTIE (since 8 May 2012)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the prime minister's recommendation", + "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; the prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (16 seats; members appointed by the governor general upon the advice of the prime minister and the opposition leader to serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (38 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms); the government may dissolve the parliament and call elections at any time", + "elections": "last held on 7 May 2012 (next to be held by May 2017)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PLP 30, FNM 8" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "The Bahamas Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and 4 justices, sitting in panels of 3 justices) note - as of 2008, the Bahamas was not a party to the agreement establishing the Caribbean Court of Justice as the highest appellate court for the 15-member Caribbean Community (CARICOM); the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) serves as the final court of appeal for the Bahamas", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Court of Appeal justices appointed by the governor-general on the advice of the prime minister and in consultation with the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 68-70", + "subordinate_courts": "Supreme Court; Industrial Tribunal; Stipendiary and Magistrates Courts; Family Island Administrators" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Free National Movement or FNM [Hubert MINNIS]; Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Perry CHRISTIE]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Friends of the Environment", + "other": "trade unions" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant)", + "chancery": "2220 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 319-2660", + "fax": "[1] (202) 319-2668", + "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Miami, New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d' Affaires John DINKELMAN", + "embassy": "42 Queen Street, Nassau, New Providence", + "mailing_address": "local or express mail address: P. O. Box N-8197, Nassau; US Department of State, 3370 Nassau Place, Washington, DC 20521-3370", + "telephone": "[1] (242) 322-1181, 328-2206 (after hours)", + "fax": "[1] (242) 328-2206" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side; the band colors represent the golden beaches of the islands surrounded by the aquamarine sea; black represents the vigor and force of a united people, while the pointing triangle indicates the enterprise and determination of the Bahamian people to develop the rich resources of land and sea" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "blue marlin; flamingo" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"March On, Bahamaland!\"", + "lyrics_music": "Timothy GIBSON", + "note": "adopted 1973; as a Commonwealth country, in addition to the national anthem, \"God Save the Queen\" serves as the royal anthem (see United Kingdom)" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "The Bahamas is one of the wealthiest Caribbean countries with an economy heavily dependent on tourism and offshore banking. Tourism together with tourism-driven construction and manufacturing accounts for approximately 60% of GDP and directly or indirectly employs half of the archipelago's labor force. Financial services constitute the second-most important sector of the Bahamian economy and, when combined with business services, account for about 36% of GDP. Manufacturing and agriculture combined contribute less than a 10th of GDP and show little growth, despite government incentives aimed at those sectors. The economy of The Bahamas shrank at an average pace of 0.8% annually between 2007-11, and tourism, financial services, and construction - pillars of the national economy - remained weak. These challenges, coupled with a growing public debt, increases in government expenditures, a narrow revenue base, and heavy dependence on customs and property taxes have led to prospects of limited growth for The Bahamas." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$11.24 billion (2012 est.); $10.96 billion (2011 est.); $10.79 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$8.043 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.5% (2012 est.); 1.6% (2011 est.); 0.2% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$31,900 (2012 est.); $31,500 (2011 est.); $31,300 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "68.3%", + "government_consumption": "15.9%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "28.2%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "45.8%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-58.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "2.1%", + "industry": "7.1%", + "services": "90.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "citrus, vegetables; poultry" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "tourism, banking, cement, oil transshipment, salt, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuticals" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "192,200 (2012)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "5%", + "industry": "5%", + "tourism": "50%", + "other_services": "40% (2005 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "14% (2012 est.); 14.2% (2009 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "9.3% (2004)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "1%", + "highest_10%": "22% (2007)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$1.5 billion", + "expenditures": "$1.8 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "18.6% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-3.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 July - 30 June" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "2.8% (2012 est.); 3.2% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "4.5% (31 December 2012 est.); 4% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "4.8% (31 December 2012 est.); 5.06% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$1.575 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.435 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$6.482 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $6.104 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$8.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $8.511 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$2.78 billion (31 December 2012 est.)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$1.139 billion (2012 est.); -$1.091 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$750 million (2012 est.); $834.9 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "crawfish, aragonite, crude salt, polystyrene products" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Singapore 23.7%, US 19.5%, Dominican Republic 13.4%, Ecuador 9.8%, Canada 5.4%, Guatemala 4.4% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$2.882 billion (2012 est.); $2.966 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, mineral fuels; food and live animals" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "US 29.9%, India 20.1%, Singapore 8.7%, South Korea 6.7%, China 5%, Colombia 4.3%, Canada 4.2% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$846.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $1.07 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$16.88 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $15.13 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Bahamian dollars (BSD) per US dollar -; 1 (2012 est.); 1 (2011 est.); 1 (2010 est.); 1 (2008 est.); 1 (2007 est.)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "1.93 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "1.79 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "490,000 kW (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "36,300 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "41,610 bbl/day (2010 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "64,600 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "5.573 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "133,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "298,800 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "modern facilities", + "domestic": "totally automatic system; highly developed; the Bahamas Domestic Submarine Network links 14 of the islands and is designed to satisfy increasing demand for voice and broadband Internet services", + "international": "country code - 1-242; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic submarine cable that provides links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 (2007)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "2 TV stations operated by government-owned, commercially run Broadcasting Corporation of the Bahamas (BCB); multi-channel cable TV subscription service is available; about 15 radio stations operating with BCB operating a multi-channel radio broadcasting network alongside privately owned radio stations (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".bs" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "20,661 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "115,800 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "61 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "24", + "over_3_047_m": "2", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "13", + "914_to_1_523_m": "7 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "37", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", + "914_to_1_523_m": "16", + "under_914_m": "17 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "1 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "2,717 km", + "paved": "1,560 km", + "unpaved": "1,157 km (2002)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "1,160", + "by_type": "barge carrier 1, bulk carrier 238, cargo 170, carrier 2, chemical tanker 87, combination ore/oil 8, container 57, liquefied gas 71, passenger 102, passenger/cargo 26, petroleum tanker 225, refrigerated cargo 97, roll on/roll off 13, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 61", + "foreign_owned": "1,063 (Angola 6, Australia 1, Belgium 6, Bermuda 15, Brazil 1, Canada 96, Croatia 1, Cyprus 23, Denmark 69, Finland 8, France 15, Germany 30, Greece 225, Guernsey 6, Hong Kong 3, Indonesia 2, Ireland 3, Italy 1, Japan 88, Jordan 2, Kuwait 1, Malaysia 13, Monaco 8, Montenegro 2, Netherlands 23, Nigeria 2, Norway 186, Poland 34, Saudi Arabia 16, Singapore 7, South Korea 1, Spain 6, Sweden 11, Switzerland 1, Thailand 4, Turkey 3, UAE 23, UK 18, US 109)", + "registered_in_other_countries": "6 (Panama 6) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Freeport, Nassau, South Riding Point", + "container_ports_teus": "Freeport (1,116,272)(2011)", + "cruise_ports": "Nassau" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Royal Bahamas Defense Force: Land Force, Navy, Air Wing (2011)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary male and female service; no conscription (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "85,568 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "63,429", + "females_age_16_49": "64,645 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "2,829", + "female": "2,750 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.6% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "disagrees with the US on the alignment of the northern axis of a potential maritime boundary" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for US and Europe; offshore financial center" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/cu-cuba.json b/caribbean/cu-cuba.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8273c3b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/caribbean/cu-cuba.json @@ -0,0 +1,614 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the European discovery of the island by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 and following its development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations, and Havana became the launching point for the annual treasure fleets bound for Spain from Mexico and Peru. Spanish rule eventually provoked an independence movement and occasional rebellions that were harshly suppressed. US intervention during the Spanish-American War in 1898 assisted the Cubans in overthrowing Spanish rule. The Treaty of Paris established Cuban independence from the US in 1902 after which the island experienced a string of governments mostly dominated by the military and corrupt politicians. Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959; his iron rule held the subsequent regime together for nearly five decades. He stepped down as president in February 2008 in favor of his younger brother Raul CASTRO. Cuba's communist revolution, with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. The country faced a severe economic downturn in 1990 following the withdrawal of former Soviet subsidies worth $4 billion to $6 billion annually. Cuba at times portrays the US embargo, in place since 1961, as the source if its difficulties. Illicit migration to the US - using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, air flights, or via the US's southwest border - is a continuing problem. The US Coast Guard interdicted 1,275 Cuban nationals attempting to cross the Straits of Florida in 2012." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, 150 km south of Key West, Florida" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "21 30 N, 80 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "110,860 sq km", + "land": "109,820 sq km", + "water": "1,040 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "29 km", + "border_countries": "US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km", + "note": "Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and remains part of Cuba" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "3,735 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", + "highest_point": "Pico Turquino 2,005 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "cobalt, nickel, iron ore, chromium, copper, salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable land" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "32.31%", + "permanent_crops": "3.55%", + "other": "64.15% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "8,703 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "38.12 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "4.42 cu km/yr (22%/14%/65%)", + "per_capita": "392.6 cu m/yr (2010)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to November (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "air and water pollution; biodiversity loss; deforestation" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Marine Life Conservation" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "largest country in Caribbean and westernmost island of the Greater Antilles" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Cuban(s)", + "adjective": "Cuban" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "white 65.1%, mulatto and mestizo 24.8%, black 10.1% (2002 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Spanish (official)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "nominally Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jewish, Santeria", + "note": "prior to CASTRO assuming power" + }, + "population": { + "text": "11,061,886 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "16.6% (male 944,254/female 892,766)", + "15_24_years": "13.9% (male 787,368/female 748,315)", + "25_54_years": "46.9% (male 2,611,371/female 2,578,471)", + "55_64_years": "10.3% (male 544,465/female 595,856)", + "65_years_and_over": "12.3% (male 611,086/female 747,934) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "41.9 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "23 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "18.9 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "5.3 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "39.5 years", + "male": "38.6 years", + "female": "40.3 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "-0.13% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "9.92 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "7.58 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-3.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "75% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "0% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "HAVANA (capital) 2.116 million (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.91 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.82 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "73 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "4.76 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "5.12 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "4.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "78.05 years", + "male": "75.77 years", + "female": "80.46 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "1.46 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "74.3% (2011)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "10.6% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "6.4 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "5.9 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 89% of population; total: 94% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 11% of population; total: 6% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 94% of population; rural: 81% of population; total: 91% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 6% of population; rural: 19% of population; total: 9% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.1% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "7,100 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 100 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "intermediate", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A", + "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "21.5% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "3.4% (2000)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "12.9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "99.8%", + "male": "99.8%", + "female": "99.8% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "15 years", + "male": "15 years", + "female": "16 years (2011)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "3.1%", + "male": "2.8%", + "female": "3.5% (2008)" + }, + "people_note": { + "text": "illicit emigration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to depart the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, direct flights, or falsified visas; Cubans also use non-maritime routes to enter the US including direct flights to Miami and over-land via the southwest border" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Cuba", + "conventional_short_form": "Cuba", + "local_long_form": "Republica de Cuba", + "local_short_form": "Cuba" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "Communist state" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Havana", + "geographic_coordinates": "23 07 N, 82 21 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November; note - Cuba has been known to alter the schedule of DST on short notice in an attempt to conserve electricity for lighting" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "15 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Artemisa, Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a day of independence" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Triumph of the Revolution, 1 January (1959)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "24 February 1976; amended July 1992 and June 2002" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system based on Spanish civil code" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "16 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (president since 24 February 2008); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (since 24 February 2013); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (president since 24 February 2008); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (since 24 February 2013)", + "cabinet": "Council of Ministers proposed by the president of the Council of State and appointed by the National Assembly or the 28-member Council of State, elected by the assembly to act on its behalf when it is not in session", + "elections": "president and vice presidents elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held on 24 February 2013 (next to be held in 2018)", + "election_results": "Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz reelected president; percent of legislative vote - 100%; Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez elected vice president; percent of legislative vote - 100%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asemblea Nacional del Poder Popular (number of seats in the National Assembly is based on population; 614 seats; members elected directly from slates approved by special candidacy commissions to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 3 February 2013 (next to be held in 2018)", + "election_results": "Cuba's Communist Party is the only legal party, and officially sanctioned candidates run unopposed" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "People's Supreme Court (consists of court president, vice president, 41 professional justices, and NA lay judges; organized into the \"Whole,\" State Council, and criminal, civil, administrative, labor, crimes against the state, and military courts)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "professional judges elected by the National Assembly to serve 2.5-year terms; lay judges nominated by workplace collectives and neighborhood associations and elected by municipal or provincial assemblies; lay judges appointed for 5-year terms and serve up to 30 days per year", + "subordinate_courts": "People's Provincial Courts; People's Regional Courts; People's Courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Raul CASTRO Ruz, first secretary]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Human Rights Watch; National Association of Small Farmers" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, ALBA, AOSIS, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "text": "none; note - Cuba has an Interests Section in the Swiss Embassy, headed by Principal Officer Jorge BOLANOS Suarez; address: Cuban Interests Section, Swiss Embassy, 2630 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009; telephone: [1] (202) 797-8518; FAX: [1] (202) 797-8521" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "text": "none; note - the US has an Interests Section in the Swiss Embassy, headed by Chief of Mission John P. CAULFIELD; address: USINT, Swiss Embassy, Calzada between L and M Streets, Vedado, Havana; telephone: [53] (7) 839-4100; FAX: [53] (7) 839-4247; protecting power in Cuba is Switzerland" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "five equal horizontal bands of blue (top, center, and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white, five-pointed star in the center; the blue bands refer to the three old divisions of the island: central, occidental, and oriental; the white bands describe the purity of the independence ideal; the triangle symbolizes liberty, equality, and fraternity, while the red color stands for the blood shed in the independence struggle; the white star, called La Estrella Solitaria (the Lone Star) lights the way to freedom and was taken from the flag of Texas", + "note": "design similar to the Puerto Rican flag, with the colors of the bands and triangle reversed" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"La Bayamesa\" (The Bayamo Song)", + "lyrics_music": "Pedro FIGUEREDO", + "note": "adopted 1940; Pedro FIGUEREDO first performed \"La Bayamesa\" in 1868 during the Ten Years War against the Spanish; a leading figure in the uprising, FIGUEREDO was captured in 1870 and executed by a firing squad; just prior to the fusillade he is reputed to have shouted, \"Morir por la Patria es vivir\" (To die for the country is to live), a line from the anthem" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "The government continues to balance the need for loosening its socialist economic system against a desire for firm political control. The government in April 2011 held the first Cuban Communist Party Congress in almost 13 years, during which leaders approved a plan for wide-ranging economic changes. President Raul CASTRO said such changes were needed to update the economic model to ensure the survival of socialism. The government has expanded opportunities for self-employment and has introduced limited reforms, some initially implemented in the 1990s, to increase enterprise efficiency and alleviate serious shortages of food, consumer goods, services, and housing. The average Cuban's standard of living remains at a lower level than before the downturn of the 1990s, which was caused by the loss of Soviet aid and domestic inefficiencies. Since late 2000, Venezuela has been providing oil on preferential terms, and it currently supplies over 100,000 barrels per day of petroleum products. Cuba has been paying for the oil, in part, with the services of Cuban personnel in Venezuela including some 30,000 medical professionals." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$121 billion (2012 est.); $117.3 billion (2011 est.); $114.1 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$72.3 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.1% (2012 est.); 2.8% (2011 est.); 2.4% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$10,200 (2010 est.); $10,000 (2009 est.); $10,000 (2008 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2010 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "11.1% of GDP (2012 est.); 11.7% of GDP (2011 est.); 14.9% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "53.5%", + "government_consumption": "35.4%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "9.6%", + "investment_in_inventories": "-2.2%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "24.6%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-20.9% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "3.8%", + "industry": "22.2%", + "services": "74% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "sugar, tobacco, citrus, coffee, rice, potatoes, beans; livestock" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "petroleum, nickel/cobalt, pharmaceuticals, tobacco, construction, steel, cement, agricultural machinery, sugar" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "6.2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "5.18 million", + "note": "state sector 72.3%, non-state sector 27.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "19.7%", + "industry": "17.1%", + "services": "63.2% (2011)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "3.8% (2012 est.); 3.2% (2011 est.)", + "note": "these are official rates; unofficial estimates are about double the official figures" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$47.78 billion", + "expenditures": "$50.45 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "66.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-3.7% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "35.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 36% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "5.5% (2012 est.); 4.8% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$10.97 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.65 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$36.29 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $34.77 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "$1 billion (2011 est.); $1.4 billion (2010 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$5.972 billion (2012 est.); $6.34 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "petroleum, nickel, medical products, sugar, tobacco, fish, citrus, coffee" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Canada 17.3%, China 16.6%, Venezuela 12.7%, Netherlands 8.8%, Spain 5.8% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$13.72 billion (2012 est.); $14.02 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "petroleum, food, machinery and equipment, chemicals" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Venezuela 36.4%, China 10.5%, Spain 8.7%, Brazil 5.1%, US 4.2% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$4.693 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.393 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$22.51 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $21.88 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$4.138 billion (2006 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Cuban pesos (CUP) per US dollar -; 1 (2012 est.); 0.9847 (2011 est.); 0.9259 (2010 est.); 0.9259 (2009); 0.9259 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "17.8 billion kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "16.38 billion kWh (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "5.914 million kW (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "99.3% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0.6% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0.1% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "53,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "83,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "165,000 bbl/day (2012 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "181.5 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "104,200 bbl/day (2010 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "150,200 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "73,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "1.03 billion cu m (2012 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "1.03 billion cu m (2012 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2012 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "70.79 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "34.46 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "1.193 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "1.315 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "greater investment beginning in 1994 and the establishment of a new Ministry of Information Technology and Communications in 2000 has resulted in improvements in the system; national fiber-optic system under development; 95% of switches digitized by end of 2006; mobile-cellular telephone service is expensive and must be paid in convertible pesos, which effectively limits subscribership", + "domestic": "fixed-line density remains low at 10 per 100 inhabitants; mobile-cellular service expanding but remains only about 10 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 53; fiber-optic cable laid to but not linked to US network; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region) (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "government owns and controls all broadcast media with private ownership of electronic media prohibited; government operates 4 national TV networks and many local TV stations; government operates 6 national radio networks, an international station, and many local radio stations; Radio-TV Marti is beamed from the US (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".cu" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "3,244 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "1.606 million", + "note": "private citizens are prohibited from buying computers or accessing the Internet without special authorization; foreigners may access the Internet in large hotels but are subject to firewalls; some Cubans buy illegal passwords on the black market or take advantage of public outlets to access limited email and the government-controlled \"intranet\" (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "133 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "64", + "over_3_047_m": "7", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "10", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "16", + "914_to_1_523_m": "4", + "under_914_m": "27 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "69", + "914_to_1_523_m": "11", + "under_914_m": "58 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "gas 41 km; oil 230 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "8,203 km", + "standard_gauge": "8,134 km 1.435-m gauge (124 km electrified)", + "narrow_gauge": "69 km 1.000-m gauge", + "note": "48 km of standard gauge track is not for public use (2011)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "60,858 km", + "paved": "29,820 km (includes 639 km of expressways)", + "unpaved": "31,038 km (2001)" + }, + "waterways": { + "text": "240 km (almost all navigable inland waterways are near the mouths of rivers) (2011)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "3", + "by_type": "cargo 1, passenger 1, refrigerated cargo 1", + "registered_in_other_countries": "5 (Curacao 1, Panama 2, unknown 2) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Antilla, Cienfuegos, Guantanamo, Havana, Matanzas, Mariel, Nuevitas Bay, Santiago de Cuba" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Revolutionary Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias, FAR): Revolutionary Army (Ejercito Revolucionario, ER, includes Territorial Militia Troops (Milicia de Tropas de Territoriales, MTT)); Revolutionary Navy (Marina de Guerra Revolucionaria, MGR, includes Marine Corps); Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Forces (Defensas Anti-Aereas y Fuerza Aerea Revolucionaria, DAAFAR), Youth Labor Army (Ejercito Juvenil del Trabajo, EJT) (2011)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "17-28 years of age for compulsory military service; 2-year service obligation; both sexes subject to military service (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,998,201", + "females_age_16_49": "2,919,107 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,446,131", + "females_age_16_49": "2,375,590 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "72,823", + "female": "69,108 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "3.2% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "military_note": { + "text": "the collapse of the Soviet Union deprived the Cuban military of its major economic and logistic support and had a significant impact on the state of Cuban equipment; the army remains well trained and professional in nature; while the lack of replacement parts for its existing equipment has increasingly affected operational capabilities, Cuba remains able to offer considerable resistance to any regional power\r\n (2010)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased to US and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the facility can terminate the lease" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Cuba is a source country for adults and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; child prostitution and child sex tourism reportedly occurs in Cuba, and laws do not appear to penalize the prostitution of children between the ages of 16 and 18; allegations have been made of Cubans being subjected to forced labor, particularly with Cuban work missions abroad; the scope of trafficking within Cuba is particularly difficult to gauge due to the closed nature of the government and sparse non-governmental or independent reporting", + "tier_rating": "Tier 3 - Cuba does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government has not publicized information about government measures to address human trafficking through prosecution, protection, or prevention efforts but did share information about its general approach to protection for children and youth; the government has a network of shelters for victims of domestic violence and child abuse but has not verified if trafficking victims receive care in those centers (2013)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "territorial waters and air space serve as transshipment zone for US- and European-bound drugs; established the death penalty for certain drug-related crimes in 1999 (2008)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/dm-dominica.json b/caribbean/dm-dominica.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e2abef02 --- /dev/null +++ b/caribbean/dm-dominica.json @@ -0,0 +1,553 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Dominica was the last of the Caribbean islands to be colonized by Europeans due chiefly to the fierce resistance of the native Caribs. France ceded possession to Great Britain in 1763, which made the island a colony in 1805. In 1980, two years after independence, Dominica's fortunes improved when a corrupt and tyrannical administration was replaced by that of Mary Eugenia CHARLES, the first female prime minister in the Caribbean, who remained in office for 15 years. Some 3,000 Carib Indians still living on Dominica are the only pre-Columbian population remaining in the eastern Caribbean." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about half way between Puerto Rico and Trinidad and Tobago" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "15 25 N, 61 20 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "751 sq km", + "land": "751 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "148 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "rugged mountains of volcanic origin" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", + "highest_point": "Morne Diablotins 1,447 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "timber, hydropower, arable land" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "8%", + "permanent_crops": "24%", + "other": "68% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.02 cu km/yr", + "per_capita": "244.1 cu m/yr (2004)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "known as \"The Nature Island of the Caribbean\" due to its spectacular, lush, and varied flora and fauna, which are protected by an extensive natural park system; the most mountainous of the Lesser Antilles, its volcanic peaks are cones of lava craters and include Boiling Lake, the second-largest, thermally active lake in the world" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Dominican(s)", + "adjective": "Dominican" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "black 86.8%, mixed 8.9%, Carib Amerindian 2.9%, white 0.8%, other 0.7% (2001 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official), French patois" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 61.4%, Protestant 20.6% (Seventh-Day Adventist 6%, Pentecostal 5.6%, Baptist 4.1%, Methodist 3.7%, Church of God 1.2%), Jehovah's Witnesses 1.2%, other Christian 7.7%, Rastafarian 1.3%, other or unspecified 1.6%, none 6.1% (2001 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "73,286 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "22.3% (male 8,354/female 7,994)", + "15_24_years": "17.2% (male 6,475/female 6,100)", + "25_54_years": "41.2% (male 15,337/female 14,841)", + "55_64_years": "9% (male 3,487/female 3,074)", + "65_years_and_over": "10.4% (male 3,328/female 4,296) (2013 est.)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "31.7 years", + "male": "31.2 years", + "female": "32.1 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.22% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "15.61 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "7.97 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-5.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "67% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "0.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "ROSEAU (capital) 14,000 (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1.12 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.77 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "11.99 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "15.99 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "7.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "76.39 years", + "male": "73.43 years", + "female": "79.49 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.06 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "7.4% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.5 physicians/1,000 population (1997)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "3.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 92% of population; total: 95% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 8% of population; total: 5% of population (2000 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 80% of population; rural: 84% of population; total: 81% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 20% of population; rural: 16% of population; total: 19% of population (2000 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "24.9% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "3.5% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over has ever attended school", + "total_population": "94%", + "male": "94%", + "female": "94% (2003 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "13 years", + "male": "13 years", + "female": "13 years (2008)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "26%", + "male": "26.2%", + "female": "25.4% (2001)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Commonwealth of Dominica", + "conventional_short_form": "Dominica" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "parliamentary democracy" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Roseau", + "geographic_coordinates": "15 18 N, 61 24 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "10 parishes; Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick, Saint Paul, Saint Peter" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "3 November 1978 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 3 November (1978)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "3 November 1978" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "common law based on the English model" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Eliud WILLIAMS (since 17 September 2012)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Roosevelt SKERRIT (since 8 January 2004)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister", + "elections": "president elected by the House of Assembly for a five-year term; election last held on 1 October 2003 (next to be held in October 2013); prime minister appointed by the president", + "election_results": "Eliud WILLIAMS was elected president following the resignation of Nicholas LIVERPOOL" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral House of Assembly (32 seats; 9 members appointed, 21 elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, 1 speaker elected from among persons who are not members of the House, responsible for the management and general administration of the House, and one ex-officio Clerk of the House)", + "elections": "last held on 18 December 2009 (next to be held in 2015); note - tradition dictates that the election will be held within five years of the last election, but technically it is five years from the first seating of parliament (12 May 2005) plus a 90-day grace period", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - DLP 61.2%, UWP 34.9%, other 3.9%; seats by party - DLP 18, UWP 3" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "The Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to include Dominica; the ECSC - based on St. Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and is comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 16 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the 9 member states; 2 High Court judges reside in Dominica note - Dominica is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "ECSC chief justice appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62", + "subordinate_courts": "Court of Summary Jurisdiction; magistrates' courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Judith PESTAINA]; Dominica Labor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]; Dominica United Workers Party or UWP [Hector JOHN]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Dominica Liberation Movement or DLM (a small leftist party)" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, Commonwealth of Nations, ECCU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Hubert J. CHARLES", + "chancery": "3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 364-6781", + "fax": "[1] (202) 364-6791", + "consulates_general": "New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Dominica; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Dominica" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "green, with a centered cross of three equal bands - the vertical part is yellow (hoist side), black, and white and the horizontal part is yellow (top), black, and white; superimposed in the center of the cross is a red disk bearing a Sisserou parrot, unique to Dominica, encircled by 10 green, five-pointed stars edged in yellow; the 10 stars represent the 10 administrative divisions (parishes); green symbolizes the island's lush vegetation; the triple-colored cross represents the Christian Trinity; the yellow color denotes sunshine, the main agricultural products (citrus and bananas), and the native Carib Indians; black is for the rich soil and the African heritage of most citizens; white signifies rivers, waterfalls, and the purity of aspirations; the red disc stands for social justice" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "Sisserou parrot" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Isle of Beauty\"", + "lyrics_music": "Wilfred Oscar Morgan POND/Lemuel McPherson CHRISTIAN", + "note": "adopted 1967" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "The Dominican economy has been dependent on agriculture - primarily bananas - in years past, but increasingly has been driven by tourism as the government seeks to promote Dominica as an \"ecotourism\" destination. Moreover, Dominica has successfully developed an offshore medical education sector. In order to diversify the island's economy, the government is also attempting to develop an offshore financial sector and plans to sign agreements with the private sector to develop geothermal energy resources. In 2003, the government began a comprehensive restructuring of the economy - including elimination of price controls, privatization of the state banana company, and tax increases - to address an economic and financial crisis and to meet IMF requirements. Hurricane Dean struck the island in August 2007 causing damages equivalent to 20% of GDP. In 2009, the economy contracted as a result of the global recession and growth remains anemic. Economic growth in 2010-11 was about 1%. Although debt levels in 2012 continued to exceed pre-recession levels, the debt burden notably declined from 80% to approximately 70% of GDP." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$1.018 billion (2012 est.); $1.014 billion (2011 est.); $995.4 million (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$497 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.4% (2012 est.); 1.9% (2011 est.); 0.7% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$14,400 (2012 est.); $14,300 (2011 est.); $14,100 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "9.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 8.5% of GDP (2011 est.); 7.8% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "77.7%", + "government_consumption": "18%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "25.2%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "38.1%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-59% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "13.6%", + "industry": "15%", + "services": "71.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "bananas, citrus, mangos, root crops, coconuts, cocoa", + "note": "forest and fishery potential not exploited" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement blocks, shoes" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "25,000 (2000 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "40%", + "industry": "32%", + "services": "28% (2002 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "23% (2000 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "29% (2009 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$148.1 million", + "expenditures": "$185.2 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "29.8% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-7.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "70% of GDP (2012 est.); 78% of GDP (2009 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 July - 30 June" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "2.3% (2012 est.); 2.4% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 6.5% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "9% (31 December 2012 est.); 8.88% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$70.15 million (31 December 2012 est.); $70.29 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$413.7 million (31 December 2012 est.); $383 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$296.3 million (31 December 2012 est.); $280.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$117.4 million (2012 est.); -$84.71 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$41 million (2012 est.); $33.04 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "bananas, soap, bay oil, vegetables, grapefruit, oranges" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Japan 38.2%, Antigua and Barbuda 8.4%, Jamaica 7.4%, Guyana 7.1%, Paraguay 6.1%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.6% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$218.6 million (2012 est.); $192.6 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, food, chemicals" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Japan 37.5%, US 14.9%, Trinidad and Tobago 14.2%, China 4.9%, Colombia 4% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$85 million (31 December 2012 est.); $81.12 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$276.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $283.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -; 2.7 (2012 est.); 2.7 (2011 est.); 2.7 (2010 est.); 2.7 (2009)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "85.5 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "79.52 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "22,200 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "72.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "27% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "918 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "911.8 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "141,200 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "15,500 (2010)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "111,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "fully automatic network", + "domestic": "fixed-line connections continued to decline slowly with the two active operators providing about 20 fixed-line connections per 100 persons; subscribership among the three mobile-cellular providers continued to increase with teledensity reaching 150 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 1-767; landing points for the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and the Global Caribbean Network (GCN) submarine cables providing connectivity to other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; microwave radio relay and SHF radiotelephone links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; VHF and UHF radiotelephone links to Saint Lucia (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "no terrestrial TV service available; subscription cable TV provider offers some locally produced programming plus channels from the US, Latin America, and the Caribbean; state-operated radio broadcasts on 6 stations; privately owned radio broadcasts on about 15 stations (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".dm" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "723 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "28,000 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "2 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "1,512 km", + "paved": "762 km", + "unpaved": "750 km (2010)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "43", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 11, cargo 22, chemical tanker 2, petroleum tanker 4, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 1", + "foreign_owned": "32 (Australia 1, Estonia 6, Germany 5, Greece 4, India 2, Latvia 2, Norway 1, Russia 3, Saudi Arabia 2, Syria 4, Turkey 1, Ukraine 1)", + "registered_in_other_countries": "1 (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Portsmouth, Roseau" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "no regular military forces; Commonwealth of Dominica Police Force (includes Coast Guard) (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "19,075 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "16,035", + "females_age_16_49": "15,499 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "675", + "female": "636 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Dominica is the only Caribbean state to challenge Venezuela's sovereignty claim over Aves Island and joins the other island nations in challenging whether the feature sustains human habitation, a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which permits Venezuela to extend its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and continental shelf claims over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; minor cannabis producer (2008)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/do-dominican-republic.json b/caribbean/do-dominican-republic.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4cb48097 --- /dev/null +++ b/caribbean/do-dominican-republic.json @@ -0,0 +1,609 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The Taino - indigenous inhabitants of Hispaniola prior to the arrival of the Europeans - divided the island into five chiefdoms and territories. Christopher COLUMBUS explored and claimed the island on his first voyage in 1492; it became a springboard for Spanish conquest of the Caribbean and the American mainland. In 1697, Spain recognized French dominion over the western third of the island, which in 1804 became Haiti. The remainder of the island, by then known as Santo Domingo, sought to gain its own independence in 1821 but was conquered and ruled by the Haitians for 22 years; it finally attained independence as the Dominican Republic in 1844. In 1861, the Dominicans voluntarily returned to the Spanish Empire, but two years later they launched a war that restored independence in 1865. A legacy of unsettled, mostly non-representative rule followed, capped by the dictatorship of Rafael Leonidas TRUJILLO from 1930 to 1961. Juan BOSCH was elected president in 1962 but was deposed in a military coup in 1963. In 1965, the United States led an intervention in the midst of a civil war sparked by an uprising to restore BOSCH. In 1966, Joaquin BALAGUER defeated BOSCH in an election to become president. BALAGUER maintained a tight grip on power for most of the next 30 years when international reaction to flawed elections forced him to curtail his term in 1996. Since then, regular competitive elections have been held in which opposition candidates have won the presidency. Former President Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna (first term 1996-2000) won election to a new term in 2004 following a constitutional amendment allowing presidents to serve more than one term, and was since reelected to a second consecutive term." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "19 00 N, 70 40 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "48,670 sq km", + "land": "48,320 sq km", + "water": "350 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly more than twice the size of New Hampshire" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "360 km", + "border_countries": "Haiti 360 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "1,288 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines", + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys interspersed" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Lago Enriquillo -46 m", + "highest_point": "Pico Duarte 3,175 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "nickel, bauxite, gold, silver" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "16.44%", + "permanent_crops": "9.25%", + "other": "74.32% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "3,065 sq km (2009)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "21 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "5.47 cu km/yr (26%/1%/72%)", + "per_capita": "574.2 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "water shortages; soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Law of the Sea" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Dominican(s)", + "adjective": "Dominican" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "mixed 73%, white 16%, black 11%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "Spanish (official)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 95%, other 5%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "10,219,630 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "28.5% (male 1,480,700/female 1,429,848)", + "15_24_years": "18.5% (male 966,822/female 928,758)", + "25_54_years": "39.1% (male 2,043,498/female 1,951,187)", + "55_64_years": "7% (male 360,897/female 356,169)", + "65_years_and_over": "6.9% (male 323,995/female 377,756) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "57.5 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "47.6 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "9.9 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "10.1 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "26.8 years", + "male": "26.6 years", + "female": "26.9 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.28% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "19.21 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "4.46 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-1.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "69% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "2.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "SANTO DOMINGO (capital) 2.191 million (2011)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.86 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "20.3 (2007 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "150 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "20.44 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "22.39 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "18.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "77.62 years", + "male": "75.44 years", + "female": "79.88 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.39 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "72.9% (2007)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "6.2% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.6 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 87% of population; rural: 84% of population; total: 86% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 13% of population; rural: 16% of population; total: 14% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 87% of population; rural: 75% of population; total: 83% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 13% of population; rural: 25% of population; total: 17% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "0.9% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "57,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "2,300 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_disease": "dengue fever (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "21.2% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "3.4% (2007)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "2.2% of GDP (2007)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "90.1%", + "male": "90%", + "female": "90.2% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "12 years", + "male": "12 years", + "female": "13 years (2004)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "180,423", + "percentage": "10 % (2000 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "30.3%", + "male": "21.2%", + "female": "44.5% (2007)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Dominican Republic", + "conventional_short_form": "The Dominican", + "local_long_form": "Republica Dominicana", + "local_short_form": "La Dominicana" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "democratic republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Santo Domingo", + "geographic_coordinates": "18 28 N, 69 54 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "31 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 district* (distrito); Azua, Bahoruco, Barahona, Dajabon, Distrito Nacional*, Duarte, El Seibo, Elias Pina, Espaillat, Hato Mayor, Independencia, La Altagracia, La Romana, La Vega, Maria Trinidad Sanchez, Monsenor Nouel, Monte Cristi, Monte Plata, Pedernales, Peravia, Puerto Plata, Salcedo, Samana, San Cristobal, San Jose de Ocoa, San Juan, San Pedro de Macoris, Sanchez Ramirez, Santiago, Santiago Rodriguez, Santo Domingo, Valverde" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "27 February 1844 (from Haiti)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 27 February (1844)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "28 November 1966; amended 25 July 2002 and January 2010" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the French civil code; Criminal Procedures Code modified in 2004 to include important elements of an accusatory system" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age, universal and compulsory; married persons regardless of age can vote; note - members of the armed forces and national police cannot vote by law" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Danilo MEDINA Sanchez (since 16 August 2012); Vice President Margarita CEDENO DE FERNANDEZ (since 16 August 2012); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government", + "head_of_government": "President Danilo MEDINA Sanchez (since 16 August 2012); Vice President Margarita CEDENO DE FERNANDEZ (since 16 August 2012)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet nominated by the president", + "elections": "president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held on 20 May 2012 (next to be held in 2016)", + "election_results": "Danilo MEDINA Sanchez elected president; percent of vote - Danilo MEDINA Sanchez 51.2%, Hipolito MEJIA 47%, other 1.8%; Margarita CEDENO DE FERNANDEZ elected vice president" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (32 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Camara de Diputados (183 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)", + "elections": "Senate - last held on 16 May 2010 (next to be held in May 2016); House of Representatives - last held on 16 May 2010 (next to be held in May 2016); in order to synchronize presidential, legislative, and local elections for 2016, those members elected in 2010 will actually serve six-year terms", + "election_results": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PLD 31, PRSC 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PLD 105, PRD 75, PRSC 3" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia (consists of a minimum of 16 magistrates); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges) note - the Constitutional Court was established in 2010 by constitutional amendment", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary comprised of the president, the leaders of both chambers of congress, the president of the Supreme Court, and a non-governing party congressional representative; Supreme Court judges appointed for 7- year terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 9-year terms", + "subordinate_courts": "courts of appeal; courts of first instance; justices of the peace; special courts for juvenile, labor, and land cases; Contentious Administrative Court for cases filed against the government" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Miguel VARGAS Maldonado]; National Progressive Front [Vinicio CASTILLO, Pelegrin CASTILLO]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Carlos MORALES Troncoso]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Citizen Participation Group (Participacion Ciudadania); Collective of Popular Organizations or COP; Foundation for Institution-Building and Justice or FINJUS" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AOSIS, BCIE, Caricom (observer), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIF (observer), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA (associated member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Anibal de Jesus de CASTRO Rodriguez", + "chancery": "1715 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 332-6280", + "fax": "[1] (202) 265-8057", + "consulates_general": "Boston, Chicago, Glendale (CA), Mayaguez (Puerto Rico), Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Juan (Puerto Rico)" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Raul H. YZAGUIRRE", + "embassy": "corner of Calle Cesar Nicolas Penson and Calle Leopoldo Navarro, Santo Domingo", + "mailing_address": "Unit 5500, APO AA 34041-5500", + "telephone": "[1] (809) 221-2171", + "fax": "[1] (809) 686-7437" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "a centered white cross that extends to the edges divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are blue (hoist side) and red, and the bottom ones are red (hoist side) and blue; a small coat of arms featuring a shield supported by a laurel branch (left) and a palm branch (right) is at the center of the cross; above the shield a blue ribbon displays the motto, DIOS, PATRIA, LIBERTAD (God, Fatherland, Liberty), and below the shield, REPUBLICA DOMINICANA appears on a red ribbon; in the shield a bible is opened to a verse that reads \"Y la verdad nos hara libre\" (And the truth shall set you free); blue stands for liberty, white for salvation, and red for the blood of heroes" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "palmchat (bird)" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Himno Nacional\" (National Anthem)", + "lyrics_music": "Emilio PRUD\"HOMME/Jose REYES", + "note": "adopted 1934; also known as \"Quisqueyanos valientes\" (Valient Sons of Quisqueye); the anthem never refers to the people as Dominican but rather calls them \"Quisqueyanos,\" a reference to the indigenous name of the island" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "The Dominican Republic has long been viewed primarily as an exporter of sugar, coffee, and tobacco, but in recent years the service sector has overtaken agriculture as the economy's largest employer, due to growth in telecommunications, tourism, and free trade zones. The economy is highly dependent upon the US, the destination for more than half of exports. Remittances from the US amount to about one-tenth of GDP, equivalent to almost half of exports and three-quarters of tourism receipts. The country suffers from marked income inequality; the poorest half of the population receives less than one-fifth of GDP, while the richest 10% enjoys nearly 40% of GDP. High unemployment and underemployment remains an important long-term challenge. The Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) came into force in March 2007, boosting investment and exports and reducing losses to the Asian garment industry. The growth of the Dominican Republic's economy rebounded from the global recession in 2010-12 and remains one of the fastest growing in the region although its fiscal situation is weak; the fiscal deficit climbed from 2.6% in 2011 to approximately 8% in 2012. A tax reform package passed in November 2012 aims to narrow this deficit." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$100.4 billion (2012 est.); $96.61 billion (2011 est.); $92.47 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$59 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "3.9% (2012 est.); 4.5% (2011 est.); 7.8% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$9,800 (2012 est.); $9,600 (2011 est.); $9,400 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "84.7%", + "government_consumption": "7.9%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "16.4%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.1%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "25.3%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-34.3% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "5.8%", + "industry": "29.4%", + "services": "64.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "sugarcane, coffee, cotton, cocoa, tobacco, rice, beans, potatoes, corn, bananas; cattle, pigs, dairy products, beef, eggs" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "tourism, sugar processing, ferronickel and gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "1.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "4.806 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "14.6%", + "industry": "22.3%", + "services": "63.1% (2005)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "14.7% (2012 est.); 14.6% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "34.4% (2010 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "1.8%", + "highest_10%": "36.4% (2010 est.)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "47.2 (2010 est.); 52 (2000 est.)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$8.224 billion", + "expenditures": "$12.07 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "13.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-6.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "42% of GDP (2012 est.); 38.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "3.7% (2012 est.); 8.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "15.48% (31 December 2012 est.); 15.55% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$4.738 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.489 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$17.85 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $16.38 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$23.71 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $21.55 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$4.254 billion (2012 est.); -$4.521 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$9.079 billion (2012 est.); $8.612 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "ferronickel, sugar, gold, silver, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, meats, consumer goods" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 46.1%, Haiti 17.4%, China 4.2% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$17.76 billion (2012 est.); $17.44 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton and fabrics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "US 42.5%, Venezuela 7.4%, China 6.2%, Mexico 5.2%, Colombia 4.2% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$3.579 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.117 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$16.33 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $15.39 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$24.89 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $21.28 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$59 million (31 December 2012 est.); $59 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Dominican pesos (DOP) per US dollar -; 39.336 (2012 est.); 38.232 (2011 est.); 37.307 (2010 est.); 36.03 (2009); 34.775 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "12.3 billion kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "9.881 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "2.973 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "83% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "16.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "26,150 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "33,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "122,300 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "88,480 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "820 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "820 million cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "19.6 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "1.044 million (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "8.77 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "relatively efficient system based on island-wide microwave radio relay network", + "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity is about 10 per 100 persons; multiple providers of mobile-cellular service with a subscribership of nearly 90 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 1-809; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), Antillas 1, and the Fibralink submarine cables that provide links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "combination of state-owned and privately owned broadcast media; 1 state-owned TV network and a number of private TV networks; networks operate repeaters to extend signals throughout country; combination of state-owned and privately owned radio stations with more than 300 radio stations operating (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".do" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "404,500 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "2.701 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "36 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "16", + "over_3_047_m": "3", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "4", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "4", + "914_to_1_523_m": "4", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "20", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1", + "under_914_m": "18 (2013)" + }, + "heliports": { + "text": "1 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "gas 27 km; oil 103 km (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "142 km", + "standard_gauge": "142 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "19,705 km", + "paved": "9,872 km", + "unpaved": "9,833 km (2002)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Puerto Haina, Puerto Plata, Santo Domingo", + "oil_gas_terminals": "Andres LNG terminal (Boca Chica), Punta Nizao oil terminal" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Army (Ejercito Nacional, EN), Navy (Marina de Guerra, MdG; includes naval infantry), Dominican Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Dominicana, FAD) (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "17-21 years of age for voluntary military service; recruits must have completed primary school and be Dominican Republic citizens; women may volunteer (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,580,083", + "females_age_16_49": "2,464,698 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,188,358", + "females_age_16_49": "2,090,180 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "100,047", + "female": "96,302 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.7% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Haitian migrants cross the porous border into the Dominican Republic to find work; illegal migrants from the Dominican Republic cross the Mona Passage each year to Puerto Rico to find better work" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point for ecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada; substantial money laundering activity in particular by Colombian narcotics traffickers; significant amphetamine consumption\r\n (2008)" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/gd-grenada.json b/caribbean/gd-grenada.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..661fcd89 --- /dev/null +++ b/caribbean/gd-grenada.json @@ -0,0 +1,544 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Carib Indians inhabited Grenada when Christopher COLUMBUS discovered the island in 1498, but it remained uncolonized for more than a century. The French settled Grenada in the 17th century, established sugar estates, and imported large numbers of African slaves. Britain took the island in 1762 and vigorously expanded sugar production. In the 19th century, cacao eventually surpassed sugar as the main export crop; in the 20th century, nutmeg became the leading export. In 1967, Britain gave Grenada autonomy over its internal affairs. Full independence was attained in 1974 making Grenada one of the smallest independent countries in the Western Hemisphere. Grenada was seized by a Marxist military council on 19 October 1983. Six days later the island was invaded by US forces and those of six other Caribbean nations, which quickly captured the ringleaders and their hundreds of Cuban advisers. Free elections were reinstituted the following year and have continued since that time. Hurricane Ivan struck Grenada in September of 2004 causing severe damage." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "12 07 N, 61 40 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "344 sq km", + "land": "344 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "twice the size of Washington, DC" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "121 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "volcanic in origin with central mountains" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", + "highest_point": "Mount Saint Catherine 840 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "8.82%", + "permanent_crops": "20.59%", + "other": "70.59% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "2.19 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Grenadian(s)", + "adjective": "Grenadian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "black 82%, mixed black and European 13%, European and East Indian 5%, and trace of Arawak/Carib Amerindian" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official), French patois" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 53%, Anglican 13.8%, other Protestant 33.2%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "109,590 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "24.7% (male 13,962/female 13,101)", + "15_24_years": "17.1% (male 9,310/female 9,474)", + "25_54_years": "40.2% (male 22,624/female 21,421)", + "55_64_years": "8.7% (male 4,935/female 4,642)", + "65_years_and_over": "9.2% (male 4,601/female 5,520) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "51.3 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "40.5 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "10.8 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "9.3 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "29.3 years", + "male": "29.3 years", + "female": "29.3 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.52% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "16.57 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "8.01 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-3.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "39% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "SAINT GEORGE'S (capital) 40,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.1 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.98 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.83 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "24 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "10.81 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "10.05 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "11.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "73.55 years", + "male": "71 years", + "female": "76.35 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.12 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "54.3%", + "note": "percent of women aged 15-44 (1990)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "5.9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "2.4 beds/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 97% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 94% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 3% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 6% of population (2000 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 97% of population; total: 97% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 3% of population; total: 3% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "22.5% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "3.9% of GDP (2003)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "96%", + "male": "NA", + "female": "NA (2003 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "16 years", + "male": "15 years", + "female": "16 years (2009)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "none", + "conventional_short_form": "Grenada" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Saint George's", + "geographic_coordinates": "12 03 N, 61 45 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "6 parishes and 1 dependency*; Carriacou and Petite Martinique*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "7 February 1974 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 7 February (1974)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "19 December 1973" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "common law based on English model" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Cecile LA GRENADE (since 7 May 2013)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Keith MITCHELL (since 20 February 2013)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister", + "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (13 seats, 10 members appointed by the government and 3 by the leader of the opposition) and the House of Representatives (15 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 19 February 2013 (next to be held in 2018)", + "election_results": "House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NNP 59%, NDC 41%; seats by party - NNP 15" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of Grenada (consists of the High Court with 3 justices and a 2-tier Court of Appeal with NA justices) note - the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to include Grenada; the ECSC - with its headquarters on St. Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and is compri", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "justice selection and tenure NA", + "subordinate_courts": "magistrates' courts; Court of Magisterial Appeals" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Grenada United Labor Party or GULP [Wilfred HAYES]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Tillman THOMAS]; New National Party or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Committee for Human Rights in Grenada or CHRG; New Jewel Movement Support Group; The British Grenada Friendship Society; The New Jewel 19 Committee" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Gillian M.S. BRISTOL", + "chancery": "1701 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 265-2561", + "fax": "[1] (202) 265-2468", + "consulates_general": "New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Grenada", + "embassy": "Lance-aux-Epines Stretch, Saint George's", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 54, Saint George's", + "telephone": "[1] (473) 444-1173 through 1177", + "fax": "[1] (473) 444-4820" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top and bottom) and green triangles (hoist side and outer side), with a red border around the flag; there are seven yellow, five-pointed stars with three centered in the top red border, three centered in the bottom red border, and one on a red disk superimposed at the center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmeg pod on the hoist-side triangle (Grenada is the world's second-largest producer of nutmeg, after Indonesia); the seven stars stand for the seven administrative divisions, with the central star denoting the capital, St. George; yellow represents the sun and the warmth of the people, green stands for vegetation and agriculture, and red symbolizes harmony, unity, and courage" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Hail Grenada\"", + "lyrics_music": "Irva Merle BAPTISTE/Louis Arnold MASANTO", + "note": "adopted 1974" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Grenada relies on tourism as its main source of foreign exchange especially since the construction of an international airport in 1985. Hurricanes Ivan (2004) and Emily (2005) severely damaged the agricultural sector - particularly nutmeg and cocoa cultivation - which had been a key driver of economic growth. Grenada has rebounded from the devastating effects of the hurricanes but is now saddled with the debt burden from the rebuilding process. Public debt-to-GDP is nearly 110%, leaving the THOMAS administration limited room to engage in public investments and social spending. Strong performances in construction and manufacturing, together with the development of tourism and an offshore financial industry, have also contributed to growth in national output; however, economic growth remained stagnant in 2010-12 after a sizeable contraction in 2009, because of the global economic slowdown's effects on tourism and remittances." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$1.467 billion (2012 est.); $1.478 billion (2011 est.); $1.465 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$790 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "-0.8% (2012 est.); 1% (2011 est.); -0.4% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$13,900 (2012 est.); $14,100 (2011 est.); $14,000 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "85%", + "government_consumption": "16.6%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "21.5%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "22.9%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-46% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "5.4%", + "industry": "16.1%", + "services": "78.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, mace, citrus, avocados, root crops, sugarcane, corn, vegetables" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations, tourism, construction" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "-2% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "47,580 (2008)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "11%", + "industry": "20%", + "services": "69% (2008 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "25% (2008); 12.5% (2000)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "38% (2008)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$175.3 million", + "expenditures": "$215.9 million (2009 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "22.2% of GDP (2009 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-5.1% of GDP (2009 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "110% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "3.2% (2012 est.); 3% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "6.5% (31 December 2009); 6.5% (31 December 2008)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "10.4% (31 December 2012 est.); 10.68% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$133.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $120.2 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$715.6 million (31 December 2012 est.); $687.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$793.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $744.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$217.2 million (2011 est.); -$221 million (2010 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$36.36 million (2012 est.); $36.36 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "nutmeg, bananas, cocoa, fruit and vegetables, clothing, mace" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Nigeria 37%, St. Lucia 10.9%, Antigua and Barbuda 7.4%, St. Kitts and Nevis 6.6%, Dominica 6.6%, US 6.1% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$296.3 million (2011 est.); $296.3 million (2010 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "food, manufactured goods, machinery, chemicals, fuel" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Trinidad and Tobago 45.9%, US 15.4%, China 4.3% (2012)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$538 million (2010 est.); $542 million (2009 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -; 2.7 (2012 est.); 2.7 (2011 est.); 2.7 (2010 est.); 2.7 (2009)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "201.4 million kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "177.4 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "33,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "2,803 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "1,976 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "429,300 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "28,400 (2010)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "121,900 (2010)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "automatic, island-wide telephone system", + "domestic": "interisland VHF and UHF radiotelephone links", + "international": "country code - 1-473; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; SHF radiotelephone links to Trinidad and Tobago and Saint Vincent; VHF and UHF radio links to Trinidad (2009)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "the Grenada Broadcasting Network, jointly owned by the government and the Caribbean Communications Network of Trinidad and Tobago, operates a TV station and 2 radio stations; multi-channel cable TV subscription service is available; a dozen private radio stations also broadcast (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".gd" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "80 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "25,000 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "3 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "3", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "1,127 km", + "paved": "687 km", + "unpaved": "440 km (2001)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Saint George's" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "no regular military forces; Royal Grenada Police Force (includes Coast Guard) (2010)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "27,468 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "22,596", + "females_age_16_49": "22,588 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "995", + "female": "1,002 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "none" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment point for marijuana and cocaine to US" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/ht-haiti.json b/caribbean/ht-haiti.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f117e05d --- /dev/null +++ b/caribbean/ht-haiti.json @@ -0,0 +1,585 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The native Taino - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when it was discovered by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 - were virtually annihilated by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola. In 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island, which later became Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean but only through the heavy importation of African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. In the late 18th century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint L'OUVERTURE. After a prolonged struggle, Haiti became the first post-colonial black-led nation in the world, declaring its independence in 1804. Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, Haiti has experienced political instability for most of its history. After an armed rebellion led to the forced resignation and exile of President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE in February 2004, an interim government took office to organize new elections under the auspices of the United Nations. Continued instability and technical delays prompted repeated postponements, but Haiti inaugurated a democratically elected president and parliament in May of 2006. This was followed by contested elections in 2010 that resulted in the election of Haiti's current President, Michel MARTELLY. A massive magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti in January 2010 with an epicenter about 25 km (15 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. Estimates are that over 300,000 people were killed and some 1.5 million left homeless. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region over the last 200 years." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "19 00 N, 72 25 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "27,750 sq km", + "land": "27,560 sq km", + "water": "190 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Maryland" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "total": "360 km", + "border_countries": "Dominican Republic 360 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "1,771 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "to depth of exploitation" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly rough and mountainous" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", + "highest_point": "Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "36.04%", + "permanent_crops": "10.09%", + "other": "53.87% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "970 sq km (2009)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "14.03 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "1.2 cu km/yr (17%/3%/80%)", + "per_capita": "134.3 cu m/yr (2009)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "Hazardous Wastes" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic)" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Haitian(s)", + "adjective": "Haitian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "black 95%, mulatto and white 5%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "French (official), Creole (official)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3%", + "note": "roughly half of the population practices voodoo" + }, + "population": { + "text": "9,893,934 (July 2013 est.)", + "note": "estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "34.6% (male 1,716,917/female 1,708,978)", + "15_24_years": "21.5% (male 1,064,069/female 1,066,614)", + "25_54_years": "34.8% (male 1,713,478/female 1,729,432)", + "55_64_years": "5% (male 235,278/female 258,330)", + "65_years_and_over": "4.1% (male 178,842/female 221,996) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "65.2 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "57.8 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "7.5 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "13.4 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "21.9 years", + "male": "21.6 years", + "female": "22.1 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.99%", + "note": "the preliminary 2011 numbers differ significantly from those of 2010, which were strongly influenced by the demographic effect of the January 2010 earthquake; the latest figures more closely correspond to those of 2009 (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "23.35 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "8 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-5.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "52% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3.9% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "PORT-AU-PRINCE (capital) 2.143 million (2010)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.91 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.8 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "22.2 (2006 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "350 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "50.92 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "54.85 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "46.94 deaths/1,000 live births", + "note": "the preliminary 2011 numbers differ significantly from those of 2010, which were strongly influenced by the demographic effect of the January 2010 earthquake; the latest figures more closely correspond to those of 2009 (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "62.85 years", + "male": "61.46 years", + "female": "64.25 years", + "note": "the preliminary 2011 numbers differ significantly from those of 2010, which were strongly influenced by the demographic effect of the January 2010 earthquake; the latest figures more closely correspond to those of 2009 (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.88 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "34.5% (2012)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "6.9% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.25 physicians/1,000 population (1998)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.3 beds/1,000 population (2007)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 85% of population; rural: 51% of population; total: 69% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 15% of population; rural: 49% of population; total: 31% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 24% of population; rural: 10% of population; total: 17% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 76% of population; rural: 90% of population; total: 83% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "1.9% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "120,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "7,100 (2009 est.)" + }, + "major_infectious_diseases": { + "degree_of_risk": "high", + "food_or_waterborne_diseases": "bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever", + "vectorborne_diseases": "dengue fever and malaria (2013)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "7.9% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "18.9% (2006)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "48.7%", + "male": "53.4%", + "female": "44.6% (2006 est.)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "2,587,205", + "percentage": "21 % (2006 est.)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Haiti", + "conventional_short_form": "Haiti", + "local_long_form": "Republique d'Haiti/Repiblik d' Ayiti", + "local_short_form": "Haiti/Ayiti" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "republic" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Port-au-Prince", + "geographic_coordinates": "18 32 N, 72 20 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)", + "daylight_saving_time": "+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "10 departments (departements, singular - departement); Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nippes, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "1 January 1804 (from France)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 1 January (1804)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "approved March 1987; this is Haiti's 23rd constitution" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "civil law system strongly influenced by Napoleonic Code" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Michel MARTELLY (since 14 May 2011)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Laurent LAMOTHE (since 16 May 2012)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president", + "elections": "president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (may not serve consecutive terms); election last held on 28 November 2010; runoff on 20 March 2011 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the National Assembly", + "election_results": "Michel MARTELLY won the runoff election held on 20 March 2011 with 67.6% of the vote against 31.7% for Mirlande MANIGAT" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale consists of the Senate (30 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies (99 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms);", + "elections": "Senate - last held on 28 November 2010 with run-off elections on 20 March 2011 (next regular election, for one third of seats, scheduled for 2012 but delayed); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 28 November 2010 with run-off elections on 20 March 2011 (next regular election to be held in 2014)", + "election_results": "2010 Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Inite 6, ALTENATIV 4, LAVNI 1; 2010 Chamber of Deputies- percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Inite 32, Altenativ 11, Ansanm Nou Fo 10, AAA 8, LAVNI 7, RASANBLE 4, KONBIT 3, MOCHRENA 3, Platforme Liberation 3, PONT 3, Repons Peyizan 3, Independent 2, MAS 2, MODELH-PRDH 1, PLAPH 1, RESPE 1, Veye Yo 1, vacant 4" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation (consists of a chief judge and other judges) note - Haiti is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "judges appointed by the president from candidate lists submitted by the Senate of the National Assembly; note - Article 174 of the Haiti Constitution states \"Judges of the Supreme Court.... are appointed for 10 years.\" whereas Article 177 states \"Judges of the Supreme Court..... are appointed for life.\"", + "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; magistrates' courts; special courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Mirlande MANIGAT]; Christian and Citizen For Haiti's Reconstruction or ACCRHA [Chavannes JEUNE]; Convention for Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]; Cooperative Action to Rebuild Haiti or KONBA [Jean William JEANTY]; December 16 Platform or Platfom 16 Desanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT]; Democratic Alliance or ALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition composed of KID and PPRH); Democratic Centers's National Council or CONACED [Osner FEVRY]; Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Haiti-Revolutionary Party of Haiti or MODELH-PRDH; Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [Joseph JASME]; Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE]; For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL]; Grouping of Citizens for Hope or RESPE [Charles-Henri BAKER]; Haiti in Action or AAA [Youri LATORTUE]; Haitians for Haiti [Yvon NEPTUNE]; Independent Movement for National Reconstruction or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD]; Konbit Pou refe Ayiti or KONBIT; Lavni Organization or LAVNI [Yves CRISTALIN]; Liberal Party of Haiti or PLH [Jean Andre VICTOR]; Liberation Platform or PLATFORME LIBERATION; Love Haiti or Renmen Ayiti [Jean-Henry CEANT and Camille LEBLANC]; Merging of Haitian Social Democratics or FUSION [Edmonde Supplice BEAUZILE] (coalition of Ayiti Capable, Haitian National Revolutionary Party, and National Congress of Democratic Movements); Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert de RONCERAY]; National Front for the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRN [Guy PHILIPPE]; New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Peasant's Response or Repons Peyizan [Michel MARTELLY]; Platform Alternative for Progress and Democracy or ALTENATIV [Victor BENOIT and Evans PAUL]; Platform of Haitian Patriots or PLAPH [Dejean BELISAIRE and Himmler REBU]; Popular Party for the Renewal of Haiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN]; Rally or RASAMBLE; Respect or RESPE; Socialist Action Movement or MAS; Strength in Unity or Ansanm Nou Fo [Leslie VOLTAIRE]; Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Sauveur PIERRE-ETIENNE]; Union [Chavannes JEUNE]; Union of Haitian Citizens for Democracy, Development, and Education or UCADDE [Jeantel JOSEPH]; Union of Nationalist and Progressive Haitians or UNPH [Edouard FRANCISQUE]; Unity or Inite [Levaillant LOUIS-JEUNE] (coalition that includes Front for Hope or L'ESPWA); Vigilance or Veye Yo [Lavarice GAUDIN]; Youth for People's Power or JPP [Rene CIVIL]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Autonomous Organizations of Haitian Workers or CATH [Fignole ST-CYR]; Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH; Economic Forum of the Private Sector or EF [Reginald BOULOS]; Federation of Workers Trade Unions or FOS; General Organization of Independent Haitian Workers [Patrick NUMAS]; Grand-Anse Resistance Committee, or KOREGA; The Haitian Association of Industries or ADIH [Georges SASSINE]; National Popular Assembly or APN; Papaye Peasants Movement or MPP [Chavannes JEAN-BAPTISTE]; Popular Organizations Gathering Power or PROP; Protestant Federation of Haiti; Roman Catholic Church" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AOSIS, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Paul Getty ALTIDOR", + "chancery": "2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 332-4090", + "fax": "[1] (202) 745-7215", + "consulates_general": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Miami, New York, San Juan (Puerto Rico)", + "consulates": "Orlando (FL)" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Pamela A. WHITE", + "embassy": "Tabarre 41, Route de Tabarre, Port-au-Prince", + "mailing_address": "(in Haiti) P.O. Box 1634, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; (from abroad) 3400 Port-au-Prince, State Department, Washington, DC 20521-3400", + "telephone": "[509] 2229-8000", + "fax": "[509] 229-8028" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength); the colors are taken from the French Tricolor and represent the union of blacks and mulattoes" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "Hispaniolan trogon (bird)" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"La Dessalinienne\" (The Dessalines Song)", + "lyrics_music": "Justin LHERISSON/Nicolas GEFFRARD", + "note": "adopted 1904; the anthem is named for Jean-Jacques DESSALINES, a leader in the Haitian Revolution and first ruler of an independent Haiti" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Haiti is a free market economy that enjoys the advantages of low labor costs and tariff-free access to the US for many of its exports. Poverty, corruption, vulnerability to natural disasters, and low levels of education for much of the population are among Haiti's most serious impediments to economic growth. Haiti's economy suffered a severe setback in January 2010 when a 7.0 magnitude earthquake destroyed much of its capital city, Port-au-Prince, and neighboring areas. Currently the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere with 80% of the population living under the poverty line and 54% in abject poverty, the earthquake further inflicted $7.8 billion in damage and caused the country's GDP to contract 5.4% in 2010. In 2011, the Haitian economy had begun recovering slowly from the effects of the earthquake. However, two hurricanes adversely affected agricultural output and the slow public capital spending negatively affected the economic recovery in 2012. GDP growth for 2012 was 2.8%, down from 5.6% in 2011. Two-fifths of all Haitians depend on the agricultural sector, mainly small-scale subsistence farming, and remain vulnerable to damage from frequent natural disasters, exacerbated by the country's widespread deforestation. US economic engagement under the Caribbean Basin Trade Preference Agreement (CBTPA) and the 2008 Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement (HOPE II) Act helped increase apparel exports and investment by providing duty-free access to the US. Congress voted in 2010 to extend the CBTPA and HOPE II until 2020 under the Haiti Economic Lift Program (HELP) Act; the apparel sector accounts for about 90% of Haitian exports and nearly one-twentieth of GDP. Remittances are the primary source of foreign exchange, equaling 20% of GDP and representing more than five times the earnings from exports in 2012. Haiti suffers from a lack of investment, partly because of weak infrastructure such as access to electricity. In 2005, Haiti paid its arrears to the World Bank, paving the way for reengagement with the Bank. Haiti received debt forgiveness for over $1 billion through the Highly-Indebted Poor Country initiative in mid-2009. The remainder of its outstanding external debt was cancelled by donor countries following the 2010 earthquake, but has since risen to nearly $1 billion. The government relies on formal international economic assistance for fiscal sustainability, with over half of its annual budget coming from outside sources. The MARTELLY administration in 2011 launched a campaign aimed at drawing foreign investment into Haiti as a means for sustainable development. To that end, the MARTELLY government in 2012 created a Commission for Commercial Code Reform, effected reforms to the justice sector, and inaugurated the Caracol industrial park in Haiti's north coast." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$13.15 billion (2012 est.); $12.79 billion (2011 est.); $12.12 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$7.902 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "2.8% (2012 est.); 5.6% (2011 est.); -5.4% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$1,300 (2012 est.); $1,300 (2011 est.); $1,200 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "24.7%", + "industry": "19.4%", + "services": "55.9% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "coffee, mangoes, cocoa, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum; wood, vetiver" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "textiles, sugar refining, flour milling, cement, light assembly based on imported parts" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "6.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "4.81 million", + "note": "shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (2010 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "38.1%", + "industry": "11.5%", + "services": "50.4% (2010)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "40.6% (2010 est.)", + "note": "widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "80% (2003 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "0.7%", + "highest_10%": "47.7% (2001)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "59.2 (2001)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$1.812 billion", + "expenditures": "$2.279 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "22.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-5.9% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 October - 30 September" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "6.3% (2012 est.); 8.4% (2011 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "9.6% (31 December 2012 est.); 11.61% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$1.107 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.003 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$3.509 billion (31 October 2012 est.); $3.43 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$1.515 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.268 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$NA" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$1.509 billion (2012 est.); -$1.728 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$785 million (2012 est.); $767.5 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "apparel, manufactures, oils, cocoa, mangoes, coffee" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 81.5% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$2.64 billion (2012 est.); $2.962 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "food, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Dominican Republic 35.9%, US 24.7%, Netherlands Antilles 9.8%, China 6.6% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$1.287 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.197 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$958.2 million (31 December 2012 est.); $782.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$783.3 million (31 December 2012 est.); $603.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "gourdes (HTG) per US dollar -; 41.95 (2012 est.); 40.52 (2011 est.); 39.8 (2010 est.); 42.02 (2009); 39.216 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "726 million kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "208.5 million kWh (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "130,000 kW (2012 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "79% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "21% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "14,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "15,130 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "1.457 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "50,000 (2010)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "4.2 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "telecommunications infrastructure is among the least developed in Latin America and the Caribbean; domestic facilities barely adequate; international facilities slightly better", + "domestic": "mobile-cellular telephone services are expanding rapidly due, in part, to the introduction of low-cost GSM phones; mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 40 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 509; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "several TV stations, including 1 government-owned; cable TV subscription service available; government-owned radio network; more than 250 private and community radio stations with about 50 FM stations in Port-au-Prince alone (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".ht" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "555 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "1 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "14 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "4", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", + "914_to_1_523_m": "2 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "10", + "914_to_1_523_m": "2", + "under_914_m": "8 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "4,266 km", + "paved": "768 km", + "unpaved": "3,498 km (2009)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "major_seaports": "Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Port-au-Prince" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "no regular military forces - small Coast Guard; a Ministry of National Defense established May 2012; the regular Haitian Armed Forces (FAdH) - Army, Navy, and Air Force - have been demobilized but still exist on paper until or unless they are constitutionally abolished (2011)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "2,398,804", + "females_age_16_49": "2,415,039 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "1,666,324", + "females_age_16_49": "1,704,364 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "115,246", + "female": "115,282 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.4% of GDP (2006)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "since 2004, peacekeepers from the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti have assisted in maintaining civil order in Haiti; the mission currently includes 6,685 military, 2,607 police, and 443 civilian personnel; despite efforts to control illegal migration, Haitians cross into the Dominican Republic and sail to neighboring countries; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island" + }, + "refugees_and_internally_displaced_persons": { + "idps": "357,785 (includes only IDPs from the 2010 earthquake living in camps or camp-like situations; information is lacking about IDPs living outside camps or who have left camps) (2012)" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Haiti is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; many of Haiti's trafficking cases involve children recruited to live with families in other towns in the hope of going to school but who instead become forced domestic servants known as restaveks; restaveks are vulnerable to abuse and make up a large proportion of Haiti's population of street children, who are forced into prostitution, begging, and street crime by violent gangs; Haitians are exploited in forced labor in the Dominican Republic, elsewhere in the Caribbean, and the US, and some Dominican women are forced into prostitution in Haiti; women and children living in camps for internally displaced people are at increased risk of sex trafficking and forced labor", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Haiti does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has made no discernible progress in prosecuting trafficking offenders largely because Haiti does not have a law specifically prohibiting human trafficking; the government does not provide direct or specialized services for trafficking victims and refers suspected victims to donor-funded NGOs, which provide shelter, food, medical, and psychosocial support; no proactive identification or assistance for adult victims was reported; an inter-ministerial working-group on human trafficking and a national commission for the elimination of the worst forms of child labor hae been created (2013)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe; substantial bulk cash smuggling activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial transactions; pervasive corruption; significant consumer of cannabis" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/jm-jamaica.json b/caribbean/jm-jamaica.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3b2e9ffd --- /dev/null +++ b/caribbean/jm-jamaica.json @@ -0,0 +1,592 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The island - discovered by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1494 - was settled by the Spanish early in the 16th century. The native Taino, who had inhabited Jamaica for centuries, were gradually exterminated and replaced by African slaves. England seized the island in 1655 and established a plantation economy based on sugar, cocoa, and coffee. The abolition of slavery in 1834 freed a quarter million slaves, many of whom became small farmers. Jamaica gradually increased its independence from Britain. In 1958 it joined other British Caribbean colonies in forming the Federation of the West Indies. Jamaica gained full independence when it withdrew from the Federation in 1962. Deteriorating economic conditions during the 1970s led to recurrent violence as rival gangs affiliated with the major political parties evolved into powerful organized crime networks involved in international drug smuggling and money laundering. Violent crime, drug trafficking, and poverty pose significant challenges to the government today. Nonetheless, many rural and resort areas remain relatively safe and contribute substantially to the economy." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "18 15 N, 77 30 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "10,991 sq km", + "land": "10,831 sq km", + "water": "160 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Connecticut" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "1,022 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines", + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to edge of the continental margin" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", + "highest_point": "Blue Mountain Peak 2,256 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "bauxite, gypsum, limestone" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "10.92%", + "permanent_crops": "9.1%", + "other": "79.98% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "252.2 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "9.4 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.93 cu km/yr (32%/16%/52%)", + "per_capita": "369.9 cu m/yr (2009)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "hurricanes (especially July to November)" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "heavy rates of deforestation; coastal waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to coral reefs; air pollution in Kingston from vehicle emissions" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "strategic location between Cayman Trench and Jamaica Channel, the main sea lanes for the Panama Canal" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Jamaican(s)", + "adjective": "Jamaican" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "black 91.2%, mixed 6.2%, other or unknown 2.6% (2001 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English, English patois" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Protestant 62.5% (Seventh-Day Adventist 10.8%, Pentecostal 9.5%, Other Church of God 8.3%, Baptist 7.2%, New Testament Church of God 6.3%, Church of God in Jamaica 4.8%, Church of God of Prophecy 4.3%, Anglican 3.6%, other Christian 7.7%), Roman Catholic 2.6%, other or unspecified 14.2%, none 20.9% (2001 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "2,909,714 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "29% (male 428,643/female 414,348)", + "15_24_years": "21.8% (male 318,132/female 315,945)", + "25_54_years": "36% (male 514,172/female 532,094)", + "55_64_years": "5.5% (male 78,510/female 82,565)", + "65_years_and_over": "7.7% (male 100,820/female 124,485) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "54 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "41.8 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "12.2 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "8.2 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "24.6 years", + "male": "24.1 years", + "female": "25.2 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.7% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "18.65 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "6.63 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-4.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "52% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "KINGSTON (capital) 580,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.01 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.96 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.95 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.81 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.98 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "mother_s_mean_age_at_first_birth": { + "text": "21.2", + "note": "Median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2008 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "110 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "13.98 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "14.55 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "13.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "73.44 years", + "male": "71.81 years", + "female": "75.15 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "2.09 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "69% (2002/03)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "4.8% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.85 physicians/1,000 population (2003)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.9 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 88% of population; total: 93% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 12% of population; total: 7% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 78% of population; rural: 82% of population; total: 80% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 22% of population; rural: 18% of population; total: 20% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "1.7% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "32,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "1,200 (2009 est.)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "24.1% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "1.9% (2007)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "6.4% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over has ever attended school", + "total_population": "87%", + "male": "82.1%", + "female": "91.8% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "12.9 years (2010)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "38,516", + "percentage": "6 % (2005 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "30.1%", + "male": "23.9%", + "female": "37.9% (2011)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "none", + "conventional_short_form": "Jamaica" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "constitutional parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Kingston", + "geographic_coordinates": "18 00 N, 76 48 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny, Westmoreland", + "note": "for local government purposes, Kingston and Saint Andrew were amalgamated in 1923 into the present single corporate body known as the Kingston and Saint Andrew Corporation" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "6 August 1962 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 6 August (1962)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "6 August 1962" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "common law system based on the English model" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Dr. Patrick L. ALLEN (since 26 February 2009)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Portia SIMPSON-MILLER (since 5 January 2012)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet is appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister", + "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Representatives is appointed prime minister by the governor general" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (a 21-member body appointed by the governor general on the recommendations of the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; ruling party is allocated 13 seats, and the opposition is allocated 8 seats) and the House of Representatives (63 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 29 December 2011 (next to be held no later than December 2016)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - PNP 53.3%, JLP 46.6%; seats by party - PNP 41, JLP 22" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Court of Appeal (consists of president of the court and a minimum of 4 judges; Supreme Court (40 judges organized in specialized divisions) note - appeals beyond Jamicia's highest courts are submitted to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) rather than to the Caribbean Court of Justice (the appellate court implemented for member states of the Caribbean Community)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "chief justice of the Supreme Court and president of the Court of Appeal appointed by the governor-general on the advice of the prime minister; other judges of both courts appointed by the governor-general on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission; judges of both courts serve till age 70", + "subordinate_courts": "resident magistrate courts, district courts, and petty sessions courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Andrew HOLNESS]; People's National Party or PNP [Portia SIMPSON-MILLER]; National Democratic Movement or NDM [Michael WILLIAMS]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "New Beginnings Movement or NBM; Rastafarians (black religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists)" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Stephen VASCIANNIE", + "chancery": "1520 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 452-0660", + "fax": "[1] (202) 452-0081", + "consulates_general": "Miami, New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Pamela E. BRIDGEWATER", + "embassy": "142 Old Hope Road, Kingston 6", + "mailing_address": "P.O. Box 541, Kingston 5", + "telephone": "[1] (876) 702-6000", + "fax": "[1] (876) 702-6001" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles - green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and outer side); green represents hope, vegetation, and agriculture, black reflects hardships overcome and to be faced, and yellow recalls golden sunshine and the island's natural resources" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "green-and-black streamertail (bird)" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Jamaica, Land We Love\"", + "lyrics_music": "Hugh Braham SHERLOCK/Robert Charles LIGHTBOURNE", + "note": "adopted 1962" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "The Jamaican economy is heavily dependent on services, which accounted for more than 60% of GDP at the end of 2011. The country continues to derive most of its foreign exchange from tourism, remittances, and bauxite/alumina. Remittances account for nearly 15% of GDP and exports of bauxite and alumina make up roughly 5%. The bauxite/alumina sector was most affected by the global downturn while the tourism industry was resilient. Tourism revenues account for roughly 5% of GDP in 2011. Jamaica's economy faces many challenges to growth: high crime and corruption, large-scale unemployment and underemployment, and a debt-to-GDP ratio of nearly 130%. Jamaica's onerous public debt burden is the result of government bailouts to ailing sectors of the economy, most notably to the financial sector. In early 2010, the Jamaican Government created the Jamaica Debt Exchange in order to retire high-priced domestic bonds and significantly reduce annual debt servicing. Despite the improvement, debt servicing costs still hinder the government''s ability to spend on infrastructure and social programs, particularly as job losses rise in a shrinking economy. Jamaica was hard hit by the effects of the global economic crisis, experiencing economic contractions from 2008-10 and growth remains low. The SIMPSON-MILLER administration faces the difficult prospect of having to achieve fiscal discipline in order to maintain debt payments, while simultaneously attacking a serious crime problem that is hampering economic growth. High unemployment exacerbates the crime problem, including gang violence that is fueled by the drug trade. As of late 2012, the SIMPSON-MILLER government was working to negotiate a new IMF Stand-by agreement to gain access to additional funds." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$25.62 billion (2012 est.); $25.6 billion (2011 est.); $25.22 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$15.25 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.1% (2012 est.); 1.5% (2011 est.); -1.4% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$9,300 (2012 est.); $9,300 (2011 est.); $9,200 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "8.4% of GDP (2012 est.); 7% of GDP (2011 est.); 13.1% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "86.2%", + "government_consumption": "15.9%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "20.7%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0.5%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "33.3%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-56.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "6.4%", + "industry": "29.1%", + "services": "64.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, yams, ackees, vegetables; poultry, goats, milk; shellfish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "tourism, bauxite/alumina, agro-processing, light manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products, telecommunications" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "-2.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "1.255 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "17%", + "industry": "19%", + "services": "64% (2006)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "14.3% (2012 est.); 14.1% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "16.5% (2009 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "2.1%", + "highest_10%": "35.8% (2004)" + }, + "distribution_of_family_income_gini_index": { + "text": "45.5 (2004); 37.9 (2000)" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$3.884 billion", + "expenditures": "$4.499 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "25.5% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-4% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "134.2% of GDP (2012 est.); 131.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 April - 31 March" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "6.9% (2012 est.); 7.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "2% (31 December 2010 est.); NA% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "17.63% (31 December 2012 est.); 19.51% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$1.723 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.962 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$7.309 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $7.012 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$7.351 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $7.131 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$7.223 billion (31 December 2011); $6.626 billion (31 December 2010); $6.201 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$1.523 billion (2012 est.); -$1.723 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$1.747 billion (2012 est.); $1.666 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "alumina, bauxite, sugar, rum, coffee, yams, beverages, chemicals, wearing apparel, mineral fuels" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 38.7%, Russia 8.1%, Canada 7.8%, Slovenia 5.6% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$5.905 billion (2012 est.); $5.881 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "food and other consumer goods, industrial supplies, fuel, parts and accessories of capital goods, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "US 30.1%, Venezuela 14.8%, Trinidad and Tobago 14.4%, China 11.9% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$1.981 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $2.282 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$14 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $14.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Jamaican dollars (JMD) per US dollar -; 88.751 (2012 est.); 85.893 (2011 est.); 87.196 (2010 est.); 87.89 (2009); 72.236 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "5.208 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "4.801 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "1.198 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "93.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "1.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "4.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "23,780 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "22,790 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "78,520 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "9,145 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "68,410 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "9.217 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "272,100 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "2.975 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "fully automatic domestic telephone network", + "domestic": "the 1999 agreement to open the market for telecommunications services resulted in rapid growth in mobile-cellular telephone usage while the number of fixed-lines in use has declined; combined mobile-cellular teledensity exceeded 110 per 100 persons in 2011", + "international": "country code - 1-876; the Fibralink submarine cable network provides enhanced delivery of business and broadband traffic and is linked to the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) submarine cable in the Dominican Republic; the link to ARCOS-1 provides seamless connectivity to US, parts of the Caribbean, Central America, and South America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "privately owned Radio Jamaica Limited and its subsidiaries operate multiple TV stations, subscription cable services, and radio stations; 2 other privately owned television stations; roughly 70 radio stations (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".jm" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "3,906 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "1.581 million (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "28 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "11", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "2", + "914_to_1_523_m": "4", + "under_914_m": "5 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "17", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1", + "under_914_m": "16 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "22,121 km (includes 44 km of expressways) (2005)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "14", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 4, cargo 5, container 4, roll on/roll off 1", + "foreign_owned": "14 (Denmark 1, Germany 10, Greece 3) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Discovery Bay (Port Rhoades), Kingston, Montego Bay, Port Antonio, Port Esquivel, Port Kaiser, Rocky Point" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Jamaica Defense Force: Ground Forces, Coast Guard, Air Wing (2010)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "17 1/2 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "726,263", + "females_age_16_49": "742,958 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "590,673", + "females_age_16_49": "596,414 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "33,369", + "female": "32,702 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.9% of GDP (2012)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "none" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transshipment point for cocaine from South America to North America and Europe; illicit cultivation and consumption of cannabis; government has an active manual cannabis eradication program; corruption is a major concern; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Jamaica for illicit financial transactions" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/kn-saint-kitts-n-nevis.json b/caribbean/kn-saint-kitts-n-nevis.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..777dce9e --- /dev/null +++ b/caribbean/kn-saint-kitts-n-nevis.json @@ -0,0 +1,543 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Carib Indians occupied the islands of the West Indies for hundreds of years before the British began settlement in 1623. In 1967, the island territory of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla became an associated state of the UK with full internal autonomy. The island of Anguilla rebelled and was allowed to secede in 1971. The remaining islands achieved independence in 1983 as Saint Kitts and Nevis. In 1998, a vote in Nevis on a referendum to separate from Saint Kitts fell short of the two-thirds majority needed. Nevis continues in its efforts to separate from Saint Kitts." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Caribbean, islands in the Caribbean Sea, about one-third of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "17 20 N, 62 45 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "261 sq km (Saint Kitts 168 sq km; Nevis 93 sq km)", + "land": "261 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "one and a half times the size of Washington, DC" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "135 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical, tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "volcanic with mountainous interiors" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", + "highest_point": "Mount Liamuiga 1,156 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "arable land" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "19.23%", + "permanent_crops": "0.38%", + "other": "80.38% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "0.18 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "0.02 cu km (2011)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "hurricanes (July to October)" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "with coastlines in the shape of a baseball bat and ball, the two volcanic islands are separated by a 3-km-wide channel called The Narrows; on the southern tip of long, baseball bat-shaped Saint Kitts lies the Great Salt Pond; Nevis Peak sits in the center of its almost circular namesake island and its ball shape complements that of its sister island" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Kittitian(s), Nevisian(s)", + "adjective": "Kittitian, Nevisian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "predominantly black; some British, Portuguese, and Lebanese" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official)" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Anglican, other Protestant, Roman Catholic" + }, + "population": { + "text": "51,134 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "21.9% (male 5,596/female 5,589)", + "15_24_years": "15.6% (male 3,940/female 4,042)", + "25_54_years": "45.2% (male 11,782/female 11,353)", + "55_64_years": "9.5% (male 2,464/female 2,401)", + "65_years_and_over": "7.8% (male 1,771/female 2,196) (2013 est.)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "33 years", + "male": "33.1 years", + "female": "32.9 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.8% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "13.79 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "7.06 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "1.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "32% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.8% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "BASSETERRE (capital) 13,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.8 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "9.2 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "6.2 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "12.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "75.07 years", + "male": "72.67 years", + "female": "77.5 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "1.78 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "6.7% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "1.1 physicians/1,000 population (2000)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "4.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 99% of population; rural: 99% of population; total: 99% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 1% of population; rural: 1% of population; total: 1% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 96% of population; rural: 96% of population; total: 96% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 4% of population; rural: 4% of population; total: 4% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "40.7% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "4.2% of GDP (2007)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over has ever attended school", + "total_population": "97.8%", + "male": "NA", + "female": "NA (2003 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "13 years", + "male": "12 years", + "female": "13 years (2008)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis", + "conventional_short_form": "Saint Kitts and Nevis", + "former": "Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Basseterre", + "geographic_coordinates": "17 18 N, 62 43 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "14 parishes; Christ Church Nichola Town, Saint Anne Sandy Point, Saint George Basseterre, Saint George Gingerland, Saint James Windward, Saint John Capesterre, Saint John Figtree, Saint Mary Cayon, Saint Paul Capesterre, Saint Paul Charlestown, Saint Peter Basseterre, Saint Thomas Lowland, Saint Thomas Middle Island, Trinity Palmetto Point" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "19 September 1983 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 19 September (1983)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "19 September 1983" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "English common law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Sir Edmund LAWRENCE (since 2 January 2013)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS (since 6 July 1995); Deputy Prime Minister Sam CONDOR (since 6 July 1995)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general in consultation with the prime minister", + "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; the governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral National Assembly (14 seats, 3 appointed and 11 popularly elected from single-member constituencies; members serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 25 January 2010 (next to be held by 2015)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SKNLP 6, CCM 2, PAM 2, NRP 1" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States which includes Saint Kitts and Nevis; the ECSC - with its headquarters on St. Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 16 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the member states; 2 High Court judges reside on Saint Kitts and Nevis note - the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court in 2003 replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) as the final court of appeal on Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Kitts and Nevis is also a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court chief justice appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62", + "subordinate_courts": "magistrates' courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Vance AMORY]; Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY]; People's Action Movement or PAM [Shawn RICHARDS]; Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor Party or SKNLP [Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Jacinth HENRY-MARTIN", + "chancery": "3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 686-2636", + "fax": "[1] (202) 686-5740", + "consulates_general": "Los Angeles, New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Saint Kitts and Nevis; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Kitts and Nevis" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a broad black band bearing two white, five-pointed stars; the black band is edged in yellow; the upper triangle is green, the lower triangle is red; green signifies the island's fertility, red symbolizes the struggles of the people from slavery, yellow denotes year-round sunshine, and black represents the African heritage of the people; the white stars stand for the islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, but can also express hope and liberty, or independence and optimism" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "brown pelican" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Oh Land of Beauty!\"", + "lyrics_music": "Kenrick Anderson GEORGES", + "note": "adopted 1983" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "The economy of Saint Kitts and Nevis depends on tourism; since the 1970s tourism has replaced sugar as the traditional mainstay of the economy. Following the 2005 harvest, the government closed the sugar industry, after several decades of losses. To compensate for lost jobs, the government has embarked on a program to diversify the agricultural sector and to stimulate other sectors of the economy, such as export-oriented manufacturing and offshore banking. Roughly 200,000 tourists visited the islands in 2009, but reduced tourism arrivals and foreign investment led to an economic contraction in 2009-2012, and the economy has not yet returned to growth. Like other tourist destinations in the Caribbean, St. Kitts and Nevis is vulnerable to damage from natural disasters and shifts in tourism demand. Furthermore, the government is constrained by one of the world's highest public debt burdens - equivalent to roughly 140% of GDP in 2012 - largely attributable to public enterprise losses." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$946.3 million (2012 est.); $955 million (2011 est.); $972.1 million (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$734 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "-0.9% (2012 est.); -1.9% (2011 est.); 0% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$16,500 (2012 est.); $17,000 (2011 est.); $17,700 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "59.6%", + "government_consumption": "12.1%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "35.3%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "38.7%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-45.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "1.7%", + "industry": "23.3%", + "services": "75% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "sugarcane, rice, yams, vegetables, bananas; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "tourism, cotton, salt, copra, clothing, footwear, beverages" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "18,170 (June 1995)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "4.5% (1997)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$185.2 million", + "expenditures": "$222.2 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "25.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-5% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "144% of GDP (2012 est.); 154% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "2% (2012 est.); 5.9% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "6.5% (31 December 2009); 6.5% (31 December 2008)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "9.3% (31 December 2012 est.); 9.45% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$177.4 million (31 December 2012 est.); $177.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$964.1 million (31 December 2011 est.); $879.1 million (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$963 million (31 December 2012 est.); $860 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$598.4 million (31 December 2011); $623.9 million (31 December 2010); $648 million (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$133.8 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$57 million (2012 est.); $54.58 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery, food, electronics, beverages, tobacco" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 55.3%, Canada 9.6%, Bangladesh 6.2% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$339.6 million (2012 est.); $218.3 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "machinery, manufactures, food, fuels" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Algeria 59.9%, US 12%, Trinidad and Tobago 8.3% (2012)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$189.4 million (31 December 2012 est.); $199.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -; 2.7 (2012 est.); 2.7 (2011 est.); 2.7 (2010 est.); 2.7 (2009)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "135 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "125.6 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "22,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "1,496 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "1,699 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "303,500 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "20,600 (2010)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "84,600 (2010)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "good interisland and international connections", + "domestic": "interisland links via Eastern Caribbean Fiber Optic cable; construction of enhanced wireless infrastructure launched in November 2004; fixed-line teledensity about 40 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 170 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 1-869; connected internationally by the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and Southern Caribbean fiber optic system (SCF) submarine cables (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "the government operates a national TV network that broadcasts on 2 channels; cable subscription services provide access to local and international channels; the government operates a national radio network; a mix of government-owned and privately owned broadcasters operate roughly 15 radio stations (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".kn" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "54 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "17,000 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "2 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "2", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "railways": { + "total": "50 km", + "narrow_gauge": "50 km 0.762-m gauge on Saint Kitts for tourists (2008)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "383 km", + "paved": "163 km", + "unpaved": "220 km (2002)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "152", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 16, cargo 81, chemical tanker 4, combination ore/oil 1, container 2, liquefied gas 3, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 27, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 1", + "foreign_owned": "73 (Belgium 1, China 1, Egypt 1, Greece 2, India 2, Japan 2, Malaysia 1, Norway 3, Pakistan 1, Russia 13, Singapore 10, Turkey 18, UAE 8, UK 1, Ukraine 8, US 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Basseterre, Charlestown" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, National Security, Labour, Immigration, and Social Security: Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Defense Force (includes Coast Guard), Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Police Force (2013)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "13,506", + "females_age_16_49": "13,089 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "10,742", + "females_age_16_49": "10,923 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "380", + "female": "422 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its Economic Exclusion Zone/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; some money-laundering activity" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/lc-saint-lucia.json b/caribbean/lc-saint-lucia.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..25bb4a10 --- /dev/null +++ b/caribbean/lc-saint-lucia.json @@ -0,0 +1,551 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "The island, with its fine natural harbor at Castries, was contested between England and France throughout the 17th and early 18th centuries (changing possession 14 times); it was finally ceded to the UK in 1814. Even after the abolition of slavery on its plantations in 1834, Saint Lucia remained an agricultural island, dedicated to producing tropical commodity crops. Self-government was granted in 1967 and independence in 1979." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "13 53 N, 60 58 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "616 sq km", + "land": "606 sq km", + "water": "10 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "three and a half times the size of Washington, DC" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "158 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile valleys" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", + "highest_point": "Mount Gimie 950 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs, geothermal potential" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "4.84%", + "permanent_crops": "11.29%", + "other": "83.87% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "30 sq km (2007)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.02 cu km/yr (NA)", + "per_capita": "98.22 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "hurricanes; volcanic activity" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "deforestation; soil erosion, particularly in the northern region" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "the twin Pitons (Gros Piton and Petit Piton), striking cone-shaped peaks south of Soufriere, are one of the scenic natural highlights of the Caribbean" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Saint Lucian(s)", + "adjective": "Saint Lucian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "black 82.5%, mixed 11.9%, East Indian 2.4%, other or unspecified 3.1% (2001 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official), French patois" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 67.5%, Protestant 18.2% (Seventh-Day Adventist 8.5%, Pentecostal 5.7%, Anglican 2%, Evangelical 2%), other Christian 5.1%, Rastafarian 2.1%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.5%, none 4.5% (2001 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "162,781 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "21.6% (male 18,101/female 17,098)", + "15_24_years": "16.9% (male 13,872/female 13,602)", + "25_54_years": "42.9% (male 33,528/female 36,230)", + "55_64_years": "8.4% (male 6,371/female 7,372)", + "65_years_and_over": "10.2% (male 7,510/female 9,097) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "48.6 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "35.6 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "13 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "7.7 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "32.2 years", + "male": "31.1 years", + "female": "33.3 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.36% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "14.19 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "7.21 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-3.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "28% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "CASTRIES (capital) 15,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.06 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.06 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "0.93 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.87 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.83 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "35 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "12.07 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "11.4 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "12.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "77.22 years", + "male": "74.52 years", + "female": "80.08 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "1.78 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "8.7% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.47 physicians/1,000 population (2002)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "1.5 beds/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 95% of population; total: 96% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 5% of population; total: 4% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 71% of population; rural: 63% of population; total: 65% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 29% of population; rural: 37% of population; total: 35% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "21.4% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "4.4% of GDP (2011)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over has ever attended school", + "total_population": "90.1%", + "male": "89.5%", + "female": "90.6% (2001 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "13 years", + "male": "13 years", + "female": "13 years (2011)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "40.8%", + "male": "37.1%", + "female": "45.5% (2004)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "none", + "conventional_short_form": "Saint Lucia" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Castries", + "geographic_coordinates": "14 00 N, 61 00 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "11 quarters; Anse-la-Raye, Castries, Choiseul, Dauphin, Dennery, Gros-Islet, Laborie, Micoud, Praslin, Soufriere, Vieux-Fort" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "22 February 1979 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 22 February (1979)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "22 February 1979" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "English common law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Dame Pearlette LOUISY (since September 1997)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Kenny Davis ANTHONY (since 30 November 2011)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister", + "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; the governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (11 seats; six members appointed on the advice of the prime minister, three on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and two after consultation with religious, economic, and social groups) and the House of Assembly (17 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "House of Assembly - last held on 28 November 2011 (next to be held in 2016)", + "election_results": "House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - SLP 49.68%, UWP 45.83%; seats by party - SLP 11, UWP 6" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - with its headquarters on St. Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and is comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 16 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the member states; 3 High Court judges reside on Saint Lucia note - Saint Lucia is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court chief justice appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62", + "subordinate_courts": "magistrate's court" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Lucian People's Movement or LPM [Therold PRUDENT]; Saint Lucia Labor Party or SLP [Kenny ANTHONY]; United Workers Party or UWP [Stephenson KING]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Sonia Merlyn JOHNNY", + "chancery": "3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 364-6792 through 6795", + "fax": "[1] (202) 364-6723", + "consulates_general": "Coral Gables (FL), New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Saint Lucia; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Lucia" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "blue, with a gold isosceles triangle below a black arrowhead; the upper edges of the arrowhead have a white border; the blue color represents the sky and sea, gold stands for sunshine and prosperity, and white and black the racial composition of the island (with the latter being dominant); the two major triangles invoke the twin Pitons (Gros Piton and Petit Piton), cone-shaped volcanic plugs that are a symbol of the island" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "twin pitons (volcanic peaks); Saint Lucia parrot" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Sons and Daughters of St. Lucia\"", + "lyrics_music": "Charles JESSE/Leton Felix THOMAS", + "note": "adopted 1967" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "The island nation has been able to attract foreign business and investment, especially in its offshore banking and tourism industries. Tourism is Saint Lucia's main source of jobs and income - accounting for 65% of GDP - and the island's main source of foreign exchange earnings. The manufacturing sector is the most diverse in the Eastern Caribbean area. Crops such as bananas, mangos, and avocados continue to be grown for export, but St. Lucia''s once solid banana industry has been devastated by strong competition and by Hurricane Tomas in 2010. Saint Lucia is vulnerable to a variety of external shocks, including volatile tourism receipts, natural disasters, and dependence on foreign oil. Furthermore, high public debt - 77% of GDP in 2012 - and high debt servicing obligations constrain the ANTHONY administration''s ability to respond to adverse external shocks. St. Lucia has experienced anemic growth since the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008, largely because of a slowdown in tourism. As airlines cut back on their routes to St. Lucia in 2012, tourism growth slowed. Also, St. Lucia introduced a value added tax in 2012 of 15%, becoming the last country in the Eastern Caribbean to do so." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$2.233 billion (2012 est.); $2.243 billion (2011 est.); $2.212 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$1.22 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "-0.4% (2012 est.); 1.4% (2011 est.); 0.2% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$13,300 (2012 est.); $13,500 (2011 est.); $13,400 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "59%", + "government_consumption": "18%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "39.5%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "52%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-68.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "3.1%", + "industry": "16.3%", + "services": "80.7% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "bananas, coconuts, vegetables, citrus, root crops, cocoa" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "tourism; clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, lime processing, coconut processing" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "79,700 (2012)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "21.7%", + "industry": "24.7%", + "services": "53.6% (2002 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "20% (2003 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$185.2 million", + "expenditures": "$222.2 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "15.2% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-3% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "77% of GDP (2012 est.); 77% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 April - 31 March" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "3.7% (2012 est.); 2.8% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 6.5% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "10.4% (31 December 2012 est.); 10% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$253.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $250 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$1.149 billion (31 December 2011 est.); $1.113 billion (31 December 2010 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$1.469 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $1.442 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$178.3 million (2012 est.); -$220.4 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$203.3 million (2012 est.); $179.8 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "bananas 41%, clothing, cocoa, avacados, mangoes, coconut oil" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 13.1%, Peru 10.1%, UK 9.7%, Antigua and Barbuda 9.7%, Dominica 9.4%, France 8.5%, Barbados 8.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 7.9%, Grenada 6.4% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$552.3 million (2012 est.); $616 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "food 23%, manufactured goods 21%, machinery and transportation equipment 19%, chemicals, fuels" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Brazil 55%, US 18.3%, Trinidad and Tobago 9.5% (2012)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$438.8 million (31 December 2012 est.); $447.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -; 2.7 (2012 est.); 2.7 (2011 est.); 2.7 (2010 est.); 2.7 (2009)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "358 million kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "317.3 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "76,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "2,922 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "2,980 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "430,800 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "35,900 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "216,500 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "an adequate system that is automatically switched", + "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity is 25 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 130 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 1-758; the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and Southern Caribbean fiber optic system (SCF) submarine cables, along with Intelsat from Martinique, carry calls internationally; direct microwave radio relay link with Martinique and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; tropospheric scatter to Barbados (2010)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "3 privately owned TV stations; 1 public TV station operating on a cable network; multi-channel cable TV service available; a mix of state-owned and privately owned broadcasters operate nearly 25 radio stations including repeater transmission stations (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".lc" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "100 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "142,900 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "2 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "2", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "1,210 km (2002)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Castries, Cul-de-Sac, Vieux-Fort" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "no regular military forces; Royal Saint Lucia Police Force (includes Special Service Unit, Marine Unit) (2012)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18 years of age for voluntary security service; no national army (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "41,414 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "32,688", + "females_age_16_49": "36,289 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "1,574", + "female": "1,502 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its Economic Exclusion Zone/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "St. Lucia is a destination country for persons subjected to forced prostitution and forced labor; legal and illegal immigrants from Haiti, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, Guyana, and South Asia, especially those working in domestic service, are vulnerable to human trafficking; some children under 18 are coerced to work in St. Lucia's commercial sex industry", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - St. Lucia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government did not report any investigations, prosecutions, or convictions of trafficking offenders or public officials complicit in human trafficking in 2012 or 2011, although a counter-trafficking act was passed in 2010; the government helps protect trafficking victims by funding an NGO and running a system of informal shelters but lacks formal procedures for identifying victims and referring them to available protection and assistance services; St. Lucia is not a party to the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2013)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transit point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/tt-trinidad-n-tobago.json b/caribbean/tt-trinidad-n-tobago.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6f9270fe --- /dev/null +++ b/caribbean/tt-trinidad-n-tobago.json @@ -0,0 +1,608 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "First colonized by the Spanish, the islands came under British control in the early 19th century. The islands' sugar industry was hurt by the emancipation of the slaves in 1834. Manpower was replaced with the importation of contract laborers from India between 1845 and 1917, which boosted sugar production as well as the cocoa industry. The discovery of oil on Trinidad in 1910 added another important export. Independence was attained in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. Tourism, mostly in Tobago, is targeted for expansion and is growing. The government is coping with a rise in violent crime." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "11 00 N, 61 00 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "5,128 sq km", + "land": "5,128 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "slightly smaller than Delaware" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "362 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "text": "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines", + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; rainy season (June to December)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "mostly plains with some hills and low mountains" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", + "highest_point": "El Cerro del Aripo 940 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "petroleum, natural gas, asphalt" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "4.87%", + "permanent_crops": "4.29%", + "other": "90.84% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "36 sq km (2003)" + }, + "total_renewable_water_resources": { + "text": "3.84 cu km (2011)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.23 cu km/yr (67%/25%/8%)", + "per_capita": "177.9 cu m/yr (2005)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "Pitch Lake, on Trinidad's southwestern coast, is the world's largest natural reservoir of asphalt" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s)", + "adjective": "Trinidadian, Tobagonian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "Indian (South Asian) 40%, African 37.5%, mixed 20.5%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.8% (2000 census)" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English (official), Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), French, Spanish, Chinese" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Roman Catholic 26%, Protestant 25.8% (Anglican 7.8%, Baptist 7.2%, Pentecostal 6.8%, Seventh-Day Adventist 4%), Hindu 22.5%, Muslim 5.8%, other Christian 5.8%, other 10.8%, unspecified 1.4%, none 1.9% (2000 census)" + }, + "population": { + "text": "1,225,225 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "19.5% (male 121,713/female 116,764)", + "15_24_years": "13.6% (male 86,514/female 80,397)", + "25_54_years": "47.1% (male 299,207/female 278,043)", + "55_64_years": "10.7% (male 65,195/female 66,033)", + "65_years_and_over": "9.1% (male 48,102/female 63,257) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "42.5 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "29.6 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "12.9 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "7.8 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "33.9 years", + "male": "33.4 years", + "female": "34.4 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "-0.09% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "14.07 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "8.42 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-6.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "14% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "PORT-OF-SPAIN (capital) 57,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.04 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.08 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.07 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "0.99 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.76 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "46 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "25.74 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "27.08 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "24.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "71.96 years", + "male": "69.09 years", + "female": "74.91 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "1.71 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "contraceptive_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "42.5% (2006)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "5.7% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "1.18 physicians/1,000 population (2007)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "2.6 beds/1,000 population (2009)" + }, + "drinking_water_source": { + "improved": "urban: 98% of population; rural: 93% of population; total: 94% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 2% of population; rural: 7% of population; total: 6% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "urban: 92% of population; rural: 92% of population; total: 92% of population", + "unimproved": "urban: 8% of population; rural: 8% of population; total: 8% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "1.5% (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "15,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "29.3% (2008)" + }, + "children_under_the_age_of_5_years_underweight": { + "text": "4.4% (2000)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over can read and write", + "total_population": "98.8%", + "male": "99.2%", + "female": "98.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "12 years", + "male": "12 years", + "female": "12 years (2004)" + }, + "child_labor_children_ages_5_14": { + "total_number": "1,201", + "percentage": "1 % (2006 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_youth_ages_15_24": { + "total": "10.5%", + "male": "8.8%", + "female": "12.9% (2008)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "Republic of Trinidad and Tobago", + "conventional_short_form": "Trinidad and Tobago" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "parliamentary democracy" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Port of Spain", + "geographic_coordinates": "10 39 N, 61 31 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "9 regions, 3 boroughs, 2 cities, 1 ward", + "regions": "Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo, Diego Martin, Mayaro/Rio Claro, Penal/Debe, Princes Town, Sangre Grande, San Juan/Laventille, Siparia, Tunapuna/Piarco", + "borough": "Arima, Chaguanas, Point Fortin", + "cities": "Port of Spain, San Fernando", + "ward": "Tobago" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "31 August 1962 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 31 August (1962)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "1 August 1976" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "President Anthony CARMONA (since 18 March 2013)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Kamla PERSAD-BISSESSAR (since 26 May 2010)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed from among the members of Parliament", + "elections": "president elected by an electoral college, which consists of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 15 February 2013 (next to be held by February 2018); the president usually appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives", + "election_results": "as the only candidate nominated, Anthony CARMONA elected president; sworn in on 18 March 2013; percent of electoral college vote - 100%" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats; 16 members appointed by the ruling party, 9 by the president, 6 by the opposition party to serve a maximum term of five years) and the House of Representatives (41 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "House of Representatives - last held on 24 May 2010 (next to be held in 2015)", + "election_results": "House of Representatives - percent of vote - NA; seats by party - UNC 21, PNM 12, COP 6, TOP 2", + "note": "Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly with 12 members serving four-year terms; last election held in January 2013; seats by party - PNM 12" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "Supreme Court of the Judicature (consists of a chief justice for both the Court of Appeal with 12 judges and the High Court with 24 judges) note - Trinidad and Tobago can file appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Caribbean Court of Justice, with final appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the parliamentary leader of the opposition; other judges appointed by the Judicial Legal Services Commission, headed by the chief justice and 5 members with judicial experience; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 65", + "subordinate_courts": "Courts of Summary Criminal Jurisdiction; Petty Civil Courts; Family Court" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "Congress of the People or COP [Prakash RAMADHAR]; Democratic Action Congress or DAC [Hochoy CHARLES] (only active in Tobago); Democratic National Alliance or DNA [Charles CARSON] (coalition of NAR, DDPT, MND); Movement for National Development or MND [Garvin NICHOLAS]; National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR [Lennox SANKERSINGH]; People's National Movement or PNM [Keith ROWLEY]; Tobago Organization of the People or TOP [Ashworth JACK]; United National Congress or UNC [Kamla PERSAD-BISSESSAR]" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "Jamaat-al Muslimeen [Yasin ABU BAKR]" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador Neil PARSAN", + "chancery": "1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 467-6490", + "fax": "[1] (202) 785-3130", + "consulates_general": "Miami, New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Thomas SMITHAM", + "embassy": "15 Queen's Park West, Port of Spain", + "mailing_address": "P. O. Box 752, Port of Spain", + "telephone": "[1] (868) 622-6371 through 6376", + "fax": "[1] (868) 822-5905" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side to the lower fly side; the colors represent the elements of earth, water, and fire; black stands for the wealth of the land and the dedication of the people; white symbolizes the sea surrounding the islands, the purity of the country's aspirations, and equality; red symbolizes the warmth and energy of the sun, the vitality of the land, and the courage and friendliness of its people" + }, + "national_symbols": { + "text": "scarlet ibis (bird of Trinidad); cocrico (bird of Tobago)" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"Forged From the Love of Liberty\"", + "lyrics_music": "Patrick Stanislaus CASTAGNE", + "note": "adopted 1962; the song was originally created to serve as an anthem for the West Indies Federation; it was adopted by Trinidad and Tobago following the Federation's dissolution in 1962" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Trinidad and Tobago has earned a reputation as an excellent investment site for international businesses and has one of the highest growth rates and per capita incomes in Latin America. Economic growth between 2000 and 2007 averaged slightly over 8%, significantly above the regional average of about 3.7% for that same period; however, GDP has slowed down since then and contracted during 2009-2011 due to depressed natural gas prices and changing markets. Growth had been fueled by investments in liquefied natural gas, petrochemicals, and steel with additional upstream and downstream investment planned. Trinidad and Tobago is the leading Caribbean producer of oil and gas, and its economy is heavily dependent upon these resources but it also supplies manufactured goods, notably food products and beverages, as well as cement to the Caribbean region. Oil and gas account for about 40% of GDP and 80% of exports, but only 5% of employment. Oil production has declined over the last decade as the country focused the majority of its efforts on natural gas. However, declining reserves, lack of government investment in the sector, and the changing global gas market raises concern for the long-term growth of the country's energy sector. Although Trinidad and Tobago enjoys cheap electricity from natural gas, the renewable energy sector has recently garnered increased interest. The country is also a regional financial center with a well-regulated and stable financial system. Other sectors the Government of Trinidad and Tobago targeted for increased investment and projected growth include tourism, agriculture, information and communications technology, and shipping. The economy benefits from a growing trade surplus with the US. The US is Trinidad and Tobago's leading trade partner. The previous MANNING administration benefited from fiscal surpluses fueled by the dynamic export sector; however, declines in oil and gas prices have reduced government revenues, challenging the current government's commitment to maintaining high levels of public investment. Crime and bureaucratic hurdles continue to be the biggest deterrents for attracting more foreign direct investment and business." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$27.14 billion (2012 est.); $27.03 billion (2011 est.); $27.74 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$25.28 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.4% (2012 est.); -2.6% (2011 est.); 0.2% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$20,400 (2012 est.); $20,400 (2011 est.); $21,100 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gross_national_saving": { + "text": "24.8% of GDP (2012 est.); 24.7% of GDP (2011 est.); 36.6% of GDP (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "58.1%", + "government_consumption": "17.1%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "15.6%", + "investment_in_inventories": "-25%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "96.6%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-62.4% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "0.3%", + "industry": "57.8%", + "services": "41.9% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "cocoa, rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry; sugar" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas (LNG), methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, food processing, cement, cotton textiles" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "-0.5% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "615,800 (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "3.8%", + "manufacturing_mining_and_quarrying": "12.8%", + "construction_and_utilities": "20.4%", + "services": "62.9% (2007 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "5.6% (2012 est.); 5.5% (2011 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "17% (2007 est.)" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$7.654 billion", + "expenditures": "$7.933 billion (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "30.3% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "-1.1% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "40.3% of GDP (2012 est.); 41.5% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "1 October - 30 September" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "9.2% (2012 est.); 5.1% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "4.25% (31 December 2010 est.); 7.25% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "7.8% (31 December 2012 est.); 7.97% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$6.222 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.594 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$17.28 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $15.46 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$6.059 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $5.731 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares": { + "text": "$14.73 billion (31 December 2011); $12.16 billion (31 December 2010); $11.15 billion (31 December 2009)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "$2.677 billion (2012 est.); $2.26 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$13.61 billion (2012 est.); $14.86 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas, methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, cereal and cereal products, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus fruit, vegetables, flowers" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "US 40.3%, Argentina 6.9%, Chile 6.8%, Jamaica 4.9%, Spain 4.3% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$8.317 billion (2012 est.); $9.992 billion (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "mineral fuels, lubricants, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals, live animals" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "US 30.8%, Colombia 13.9%, Brazil 7.6%, Gabon 5%, Canada 4.1% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$9.897 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $10.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$4.557 billion (31 December 2012 est.); $4.84 billion (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home": { + "text": "$102 billion (31 December 2008 est.); $12.44 billion (2007)" + }, + "stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad": { + "text": "$3.829 billion (2007)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TTD) per US dollar -; 6.391 (2012 est.); 6.4094 (2011 est.); 6.3755 (2010 est.); 6.3099 (2009); 6.2896 (2008)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "7.271 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "7.102 billion kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "1.429 million kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "99.7% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0.3% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "135,900 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "55,240 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "56,540 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "728.3 million bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "165,100 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "41,000 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "148,600 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "242.3 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "42.46 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "22.08 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "20.38 billion cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "381.1 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "49.93 million Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "292,000 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "1.825 million (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "excellent international service; good local service", + "domestic": "combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 170 telephones per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 1-868; submarine cable systems provide connectivity to US and parts of the Caribbean and South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Barbados and Guyana (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "5 TV networks, one of which is state-owned, broadcast on multiple stations; multiple cable TV subscription service providers; multiple radio networks, one state-owned, broadcast over about 35 stations (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".tt" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "241,690 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "593,000 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "4 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "2", + "over_3_047_m": "1", + "2_438_to_3_047_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "2", + "914_to_1_523_m": "1", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "pipelines": { + "text": "condensate 257 km; condensate/gas 11 km; gas 1,567 km; oil 587 km (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "8,320 km", + "paved": "4,252 km", + "unpaved": "4,068 km (2000)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "4", + "by_type": "passenger 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1", + "registered_in_other_countries": "2 (unknown 2) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port of Spain, Scarborough", + "oil_terminals": "Galeota Point terminal" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (TTDF): Trinidad and Tobago Army, Coast Guard, Air Guard, Defense Force Reserves (2010)" + }, + "military_service_age_and_obligation": { + "text": "18-25 years of age for voluntary military service (16 years of age with parental consent); no conscription; Trinidad and Tobago citizenship and completion of secondary school required (2012)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "341,764", + "females_age_16_49": "317,899 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "269,824", + "females_age_16_49": "261,735 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "8,164", + "female": "7,503 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "0.6% of GDP (2011)" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago abide by the April 2006 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision delimiting a maritime boundary and limiting catches of flying fish in Trinidad and Tobago's exclusive economic zone; in 2005, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago agreed to compulsory international arbitration under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea challenging whether the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's and Venezuela's maritime boundary extends into Barbadian waters; Guyana has also expressed its intention to include itself in the arbitration as the Trinidad and Tobago-Venezuela maritime boundary may extend into its waters as well" + }, + "trafficking_in_persons": { + "current_situation": "Trinidad and Tobago is a destination and transit country for adults and children subjected to sex trafficking and adults subjected to forced labor; local victims have been trafficked to the US and the UK for sexual exploitation, while women and girls from South America and the Dominican Republic have been subjected to sex trafficking in Trinidad and Tobago's brothels and clubs; some economic migrants from the Caribbean region and Asia have had their passports held and experienced forced labor conditions; children are vulnerable to forced labor, including scavenging trash; the country is a potential transit point for human trafficking to Caribbean and South American destinations", + "tier_rating": "Tier 2 Watch List - Trinidad and Tobago does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; in 2013, the government proclaimed its anti-trafficking law and established a counter-trafficking unit, but authorities did not use the law to its full effect; despite victim protections in the new law, the government has failed to properly screen and protect hundreds of potential trafficking victims; the reported complicity of public officials in trafficking offenses is also an obstacle (2013)" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/caribbean/vc-saint-vincent-n-the-grenadines.json b/caribbean/vc-saint-vincent-n-the-grenadines.json new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c6af0a92 --- /dev/null +++ b/caribbean/vc-saint-vincent-n-the-grenadines.json @@ -0,0 +1,547 @@ +{ + "intro": { + "background": { + "text": "Resistance by native Caribs prevented colonization on Saint Vincent until 1719. Disputed between France and the United Kingdom for most of the 18th century, the island was ceded to the latter in 1783. Between 1960 and 1962, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was a separate administrative unit of the Federation of the West Indies. Autonomy was granted in 1969 and independence in 1979." + } + }, + "geo": { + "location": { + "text": "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago" + }, + "geographic_coordinates": { + "text": "13 15 N, 61 12 W" + }, + "map_references": { + "text": "Central America and the Caribbean" + }, + "area": { + "total": "389 sq km (Saint Vincent 344 sq km)", + "land": "389 sq km", + "water": "0 sq km" + }, + "area_comparative": { + "text": "twice the size of Washington, DC" + }, + "land_boundaries": { + "text": "0 km" + }, + "coastline": { + "text": "84 km" + }, + "maritime_claims": { + "territorial_sea": "12 nm", + "contiguous_zone": "24 nm", + "exclusive_economic_zone": "200 nm", + "continental_shelf": "200 nm" + }, + "climate": { + "text": "tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)" + }, + "terrain": { + "text": "volcanic, mountainous" + }, + "elevation_extremes": { + "lowest_point": "Caribbean Sea 0 m", + "highest_point": "La Soufriere 1,234 m" + }, + "natural_resources": { + "text": "hydropower, cropland" + }, + "land_use": { + "arable_land": "12.82%", + "permanent_crops": "7.69%", + "other": "79.49% (2011)" + }, + "irrigated_land": { + "text": "10 sq km (2003)" + }, + "freshwater_withdrawal_domestic_industrial_agricultural": { + "total": "0.01 cu km/yr (NA)", + "per_capita": "92.59 cu m/yr (1995)" + }, + "natural_hazards": { + "text": "hurricanes; Soufriere volcano on the island of Saint Vincent is a constant threat" + }, + "environment_current_issues": { + "text": "pollution of coastal waters and shorelines from discharges by pleasure yachts and other effluents; in some areas, pollution is severe enough to make swimming prohibitive" + }, + "environment_international_agreements": { + "party_to": "Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling", + "signed_but_not_ratified": "none of the selected agreements" + }, + "geography_note": { + "text": "the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is comprised of 32 islands and cays" + } + }, + "people": { + "nationality": { + "noun": "Saint Vincentian(s) or Vincentian(s)", + "adjective": "Saint Vincentian or Vincentian" + }, + "ethnic_groups": { + "text": "black 66%, mixed 19%, East Indian 6%, European 4%, Carib Amerindian 2%, other 3%" + }, + "languages": { + "text": "English, French patois" + }, + "religions": { + "text": "Protestant 75% (Anglican 47%, Methodist 28%), Roman Catholic 13%, other (includes Hindu, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Protestant) 12%" + }, + "population": { + "text": "103,220 (July 2013 est.)" + }, + "age_structure": { + "0_14_years": "23.4% (male 12,179/female 11,979)", + "15_24_years": "17% (male 8,848/female 8,680)", + "25_54_years": "42.5% (male 22,777/female 21,067)", + "55_64_years": "8.8% (male 4,627/female 4,412)", + "65_years_and_over": "8.4% (male 3,982/female 4,669) (2013 est.)" + }, + "dependency_ratios": { + "total_dependency_ratio": "47.6 %", + "youth_dependency_ratio": "37.3 %", + "elderly_dependency_ratio": "10.3 %", + "potential_support_ratio": "9.7 (2013)" + }, + "median_age": { + "total": "31.3 years", + "male": "31.4 years", + "female": "31.2 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "population_growth_rate": { + "text": "-0.3% (2013 est.)" + }, + "birth_rate": { + "text": "14.12 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "death_rate": { + "text": "7.06 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "net_migration_rate": { + "text": "-10.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)" + }, + "urbanization": { + "urban_population": "49% of total population (2010)", + "rate_of_urbanization": "1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)" + }, + "major_urban_areas_population": { + "text": "KINGSTOWN (capital) 28,000 (2009)" + }, + "sex_ratio": { + "at_birth": "1.03 male(s)/female", + "0_14_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "15_24_years": "1.02 male(s)/female", + "25_54_years": "1.08 male(s)/female", + "55_64_years": "1.05 male(s)/female", + "65_years_and_over": "0.84 male(s)/female", + "total_population": "1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)" + }, + "maternal_mortality_rate": { + "text": "48 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)" + }, + "infant_mortality_rate": { + "total": "13.46 deaths/1,000 live births", + "male": "14.66 deaths/1,000 live births", + "female": "12.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)" + }, + "life_expectancy_at_birth": { + "total_population": "74.62 years", + "male": "72.69 years", + "female": "76.62 years (2013 est.)" + }, + "total_fertility_rate": { + "text": "1.87 children born/woman (2013 est.)" + }, + "health_expenditures": { + "text": "4.5% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "physicians_density": { + "text": "0.75 physicians/1,000 population (2000)" + }, + "hospital_bed_density": { + "text": "2.6 beds/1,000 population (2010)" + }, + "sanitation_facility_access": { + "improved": "rural: 96% of population", + "unimproved": "rural: 4% of population (2010 est.)" + }, + "hiv_aids_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "hiv_aids_deaths": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "obesity_adult_prevalence_rate": { + "text": "23.4% (2008)" + }, + "education_expenditures": { + "text": "5.1% of GDP (2010)" + }, + "literacy": { + "definition": "age 15 and over has ever attended school", + "total_population": "96%", + "male": "96%", + "female": "96% (1970 est.)" + }, + "school_life_expectancy_primary_to_tertiary_education": { + "total": "13 years", + "male": "13 years", + "female": "13 years (2004)" + } + }, + "govt": { + "country_name": { + "conventional_long_form": "none", + "conventional_short_form": "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" + }, + "government_type": { + "text": "parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm" + }, + "capital": { + "name": "Kingstown", + "geographic_coordinates": "13 08 N, 61 13 W", + "time_difference": "UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)" + }, + "administrative_divisions": { + "text": "6 parishes; Charlotte, Grenadines, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick" + }, + "independence": { + "text": "27 October 1979 (from the UK)" + }, + "national_holiday": { + "text": "Independence Day, 27 October (1979)" + }, + "constitution": { + "text": "27 October 1979" + }, + "legal_system": { + "text": "English common law" + }, + "international_law_organization_participation": { + "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" + }, + "suffrage": { + "text": "18 years of age; universal" + }, + "executive_branch": { + "chief_of_state": "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Sir Fredrick Nathaniel BALLANTYNE (since 2 September 2002)", + "head_of_government": "Prime Minister Ralph E. GONSALVES (since 29 March 2001)", + "cabinet": "Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister", + "elections": "the monarchy is hereditary; the governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister" + }, + "legislative_branch": { + "text": "unicameral House of Assembly (21 seats, 15 elected representatives and 6 appointed senators; representatives elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)", + "elections": "last held on 13 December 2010 (next to be held in 2015)", + "election_results": "percent of vote by party - ULP 51.6%, NDP 47.8%, other 0.6%; seats by party - ULP 8, NDP 7" + }, + "judicial_branch": { + "highest_courts": "the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to include Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; the ECSC - with its headquarters on Saint Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and is comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 16 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the member states; 2 High Court judges reside on Saint Vincent and the Grenadines note - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice", + "judge_selection_and_term_of_office": "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court chief justice appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62", + "subordinate_courts": "magistrates' courts" + }, + "political_parties_and_leaders": { + "text": "New Democratic Party or NDP [Arnhim EUSTACE]; Unity Labor Party or ULP [Ralph GONSALVES] (formed by the coalition of Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement for National Unity or MNU)" + }, + "political_pressure_groups_and_leaders": { + "text": "NA" + }, + "international_organization_participation": { + "text": "ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WTO" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_in_the_us": { + "chief_of_mission": "Ambassador La Celia A. PRINCE", + "chancery": "3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016", + "telephone": "[1] (202) 364-6730", + "fax": "[1] (202) 364-6736", + "consulates_general": "New York" + }, + "diplomatic_representation_from_the_us": { + "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" + }, + "flag_description": { + "text": "three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold (double width), and green; the gold band bears three green diamonds arranged in a V pattern, which stands for Vincent; the diamonds recall the islands as the \"Gems of the Antilles\"; blue conveys the colors of a tropical sky and crystal waters, yellow signifies the golden Grenadine sands, and green represents lush vegetation" + }, + "national_anthem": { + "name": "\"St. Vincent! Land So Beautiful!\"", + "lyrics_music": "Phyllis Joyce MCCLEAN PUNNETT/Joel Bertram MIGUEL", + "note": "adopted 1967" + } + }, + "econ": { + "economy_overview": { + "text": "Success of the economy hinges upon seasonal variations in agriculture, tourism, and construction activity as well as remittance inflows. Much of the workforce is employed in banana production and tourism, but persistent high unemployment has prompted many to leave the islands. This lower-middle-income country is vulnerable to natural disasters - tropical storms wiped out substantial portions of crops in 1994, 1995, and 2002. In 2008, the islands had more than 200,000 tourist arrivals, mostly to the Grenadines, a drop of nearly 20% from 2007. Saint Vincent is home to a small offshore banking sector and has moved to adopt international regulatory standards. The government's ability to invest in social programs and respond to external shocks is constrained by its high public debt burden, which was 68% of GDP at the end of 2011. GDP grew on average 6% annually from 2002-07, but contracted between 2008-10 as a result of the global economic downturn; growth remains slow." + }, + "gdp_purchasing_power_parity": { + "text": "$1.312 billion (2012 est.); $1.306 billion (2011 est.); $1.301 billion (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_official_exchange_rate": { + "text": "$712 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_real_growth_rate": { + "text": "0.5% (2012 est.); 0.4% (2011 est.); -2.3% (2010 est.)" + }, + "gdp_per_capita_ppp": { + "text": "$12,000 (2012 est.); $11,900 (2011 est.); $11,900 (2010 est.)", + "note": "data are in 2012 US dollars" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_end_use": { + "household_consumption": "90.4%", + "government_consumption": "16.7%", + "investment_in_fixed_capital": "25.8%", + "investment_in_inventories": "0%", + "exports_of_goods_and_services": "23.2%", + "imports_of_goods_and_services": "-56.1% (2012 est.)" + }, + "gdp_composition_by_sector_of_origin": { + "agriculture": "5.4%", + "industry": "19.9%", + "services": "74.8% (2012 est.)" + }, + "agriculture_products": { + "text": "bananas, coconuts, sweet potatoes, spices; small numbers of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats; fish" + }, + "industries": { + "text": "tourism; food processing, cement, furniture, clothing, starch" + }, + "industrial_production_growth_rate": { + "text": "3% (2012 est.)" + }, + "labor_force": { + "text": "57,520 (2007 est.)" + }, + "labor_force_by_occupation": { + "agriculture": "26%", + "industry": "17%", + "services": "57% (1980 est.)" + }, + "unemployment_rate": { + "text": "15% (2001 est.)" + }, + "population_below_poverty_line": { + "text": "NA%" + }, + "household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share": { + "lowest_10%": "NA%", + "highest_10%": "NA%" + }, + "budget": { + "revenues": "$185.2 million", + "expenditures": "$185.2 million (2012 est.)" + }, + "taxes_and_other_revenues": { + "text": "26% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "budget_surplus_+_or_deficit": { + "text": "0% of GDP (2012 est.)" + }, + "public_debt": { + "text": "68% of GDP (2011 est.)" + }, + "fiscal_year": { + "text": "calendar year" + }, + "inflation_rate_consumer_prices": { + "text": "3.1% (2012 est.); 4% (2011 est.)" + }, + "central_bank_discount_rate": { + "text": "6.5% (31 December 2010 est.); 6.5% (31 December 2009 est.)" + }, + "commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate": { + "text": "9.4% (31 December 2012 est.); 9.13% (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_narrow_money": { + "text": "$129.5 million (31 December 2012 est.); $122.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_broad_money": { + "text": "$431.9 million (31 December 2012 est.); $411.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "stock_of_domestic_credit": { + "text": "$408.8 million (31 December 2012 est.); $389.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "current_account_balance": { + "text": "-$226.2 million (2012 est.); -$221.6 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports": { + "text": "$47.1 million (2012 est.); $43.02 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "exports_commodities": { + "text": "bananas, eddoes and dasheen (taro), arrowroot starch; tennis racquets" + }, + "exports_partners": { + "text": "Trinidad and Tobago 15.2%, St. Lucia 13.5%, Turkey 12.1%, Barbados 11.2%, Dominica 8.9%, Grenada 8.5%, Antigua and Barbuda 7.6% (2012)" + }, + "imports": { + "text": "$295.3 million (2012 est.); $294.5 million (2011 est.)" + }, + "imports_commodities": { + "text": "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals and fertilizers, minerals and fuels" + }, + "imports_partners": { + "text": "Singapore 27%, Trinidad and Tobago 24.1%, US 18.3%, China 5.4%, Barbados 5.3% (2012)" + }, + "reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold": { + "text": "$95 million (31 December 2012 est.); $89.63 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "debt_external": { + "text": "$265.1 million (31 December 2012 est.); $282.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)" + }, + "exchange_rates": { + "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -; 2.7 (2012 est.); 2.7 (2011 est.); 2.7 (2010 est.); 2.7 (2009)" + } + }, + "energy": { + "electricity_production": { + "text": "132 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_consumption": { + "text": "122.8 million kWh (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_exports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_imports": { + "text": "0 kWh (2010 est.)" + }, + "electricity_installed_generating_capacity": { + "text": "49,000 kW (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_fossil_fuels": { + "text": "81.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_nuclear_fuels": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_hydroelectric_plants": { + "text": "18.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "electricity_from_other_renewable_sources": { + "text": "0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_imports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2009 est.)" + }, + "crude_oil_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_production": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_consumption": { + "text": "1,948 bbl/day (2011 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_exports": { + "text": "0 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "refined_petroleum_products_imports": { + "text": "1,474 bbl/day (2008 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_production": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_consumption": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_exports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_imports": { + "text": "0 cu m (2010 est.)" + }, + "natural_gas_proved_reserves": { + "text": "0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.)" + }, + "carbon_dioxide_emissions_from_consumption_of_energy": { + "text": "332,600 Mt (2010 est.)" + } + }, + "comm": { + "telephones_main_lines_in_use": { + "text": "22,700 (2011)" + }, + "telephones_mobile_cellular": { + "text": "131,800 (2011)" + }, + "telephone_system": { + "general_assessment": "adequate islandwide, fully automatic telephone system", + "domestic": "fixed-line teledensity exceeds 20 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 125 per 100 persons", + "international": "country code - 1-784; the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and Southern Caribbean fiber optic system (SCF) submarine cables carry international calls; connectivity also provided by VHF/UHF radiotelephone from Saint Vincent to Barbados; SHF radiotelephone to Grenada and Saint Lucia; access to Intelsat earth station in Martinique through Saint Lucia (2011)" + }, + "broadcast_media": { + "text": "St. Vincent and the Grenadines Broadcasting Corporation operates 1 TV station and 5 repeater stations that provide near total coverage to the multi-island state; multi-channel cable TV service available; a partially government-funded national radio service broadcasts on 1 station and has 2 repeater stations; about a dozen privately owned radio stations and repeater stations (2007)" + }, + "internet_country_code": { + "text": ".vc" + }, + "internet_hosts": { + "text": "305 (2012)" + }, + "internet_users": { + "text": "76,000 (2009)" + } + }, + "trans": { + "airports": { + "text": "6 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_paved_runways": { + "total": "5", + "1_524_to_2_437_m": "1", + "914_to_1_523_m": "3", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "airports_with_unpaved_runways": { + "total": "1", + "under_914_m": "1 (2013)" + }, + "roadways": { + "total": "829 km", + "paved": "580 km", + "unpaved": "249 km (2003)" + }, + "merchant_marine": { + "total": "412", + "by_type": "bulk carrier 64, cargo 263, carrier 14, chemical tanker 4, container 18, liquefied gas 3, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 9, refrigerated cargo 12, roll on/roll off 15, specialized tanker 1", + "foreign_owned": "325 (Austria 1, Azerbaijan 1, Bangladesh 1, Belgium 7, Bermuda 1, Bulgaria 9, China 65, Croatia 8, Cyprus 3, Czech Republic 1, Denmark 9, Dominica 1, Egypt 2, Estonia 8, France 2, Germany 3, Greece 42, Guyana 2, Hong Kong 5, Israel 3, Italy 4, Japan 3, Kenya 2, Latvia 15, Lebanon 2, Lithuania 9, Monaco 2, Netherlands 1, Norway 13, Poland 3, Romania 1, Russia 11, Singapore 5, Slovenia 1, Sweden 10, Switzerland 7, Syria 9, Turkey 13, UAE 3, UK 6, Ukraine 12, US 18, Venezuela 1) (2010)" + }, + "ports_and_terminals": { + "text": "Kingstown" + } + }, + "military": { + "military_branches": { + "text": "no regular military forces; Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force (RSVPF) (2013)" + }, + "manpower_available_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "27,809 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_fit_for_military_service": { + "males_age_16_49": "22,875", + "females_age_16_49": "22,015 (2010 est.)" + }, + "manpower_reaching_militarily_significant_age_annually": { + "male": "964", + "female": "953 (2010 est.)" + }, + "military_expenditures": { + "text": "NA" + } + }, + "issues": { + "disputes_international": { + "text": "joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its Economic Exclusion Zone/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea" + }, + "illicit_drugs": { + "text": "transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; small-scale cannabis cultivation" + } + } +} \ No newline at end of file