apunkt/factbook.json
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/factbook/factbook.json.git synced 2026-07-19 20:41:02 +02:00
Code Issues Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions

auto-update week 30

Browse source
This commit is contained in:
Yo Robot 2024-07-25 22:20:31 +00:00
parent be603c1a34
commit 0cb3145aa3
256 changed files with 9709 additions and 9616 deletions
Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

88
europe/al.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "28,748 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -670,43 +670,43 @@
"text": "upper-middle -income Balkan economy; EU accession candidate; growth bolstered by tourism, services, construction, and private consumption; fiscal consolidation through revenue collection to address public debt; challenges include weak governance, corruption, climate adaptation, vulnerability to energy sector shocks, and emigration of workers"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$49.592 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$43.032 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$47.943 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$41.039 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$45.723 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$37.682 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "3.44% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "4.86% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "8.91% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-3.3% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$18,100 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$15,500 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$17,300 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$14,600 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$16,300 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$13,300 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$18.916 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$22.978 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
@ -769,22 +769,22 @@
"text": "food; footwear, apparel and clothing; lumber, oil, cement, chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "7.86% (2022 est.)",
"text": "4.03% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "1.405 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "1.388 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "11.58% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "11.63% (2022 est.)"
"text": "11.59% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "12.59% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "12.83% (2020 est.)"
"text": "12.47% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
@ -811,7 +811,7 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "3.4%"
"text": "3.4% (2020 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "22.8% (2020 est.)"
@ -819,15 +819,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "8.57% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "9.23% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "9.58% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "9.67% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -858,27 +858,27 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$202.323 million (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$1.117 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$1.37 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$1.315 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$9.178 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$7.057 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$5.612 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$3.461 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -890,15 +890,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$10.373 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$9.016 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$8.004 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$5.671 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -910,15 +910,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$6.455 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$5.266 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$5.635 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$4.817 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -933,6 +933,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "leke (ALL) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "100.645 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "113.042 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -944,9 +947,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "109.851 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "107.989 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1200,7 +1200,7 @@
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix T"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

89
europe/an.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "468 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -582,42 +582,43 @@
"text": "high GDP; low unemployment; non-EU Euro user; co-principality duty-free area between Spain and France; tourist hub but hit hard by COVID-19; modern, non-tax haven financial sector; looking for big tech investments; new member of SEPA and IMF"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015": {
"text": "$3.327 billion (2015 est.)"
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$5.168 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": {
"text": "$3.363 billion (2014 est.)"
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$5.094 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2013": {
"text": "$3.273 billion (2013 est.)"
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$4.65 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2012 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "1.44% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "8.81% (2022 est.)"
"text": "9.56% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "8.29% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-11.18% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2015": {
"text": "$49,900 (2015 est.)"
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$64,500 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2014": {
"text": "$51,300 (2014 est.)"
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$63,800 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2013": {
"text": "$50,300 (2013 est.)"
}
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$58,800 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$3.352 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$3.728 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
@ -658,7 +659,7 @@
"text": "tourism (particularly skiing), banking, timber, furniture"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "4.94% (2022 est.)",
"text": "3.88% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
@ -673,15 +674,15 @@
}
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "0% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "0% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "1.59% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "1.64% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2019": {
"text": "0.67% of GDP (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -707,27 +708,27 @@
"text": "69% (of GDP) (2016)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "$583.199 million (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$467.435 million (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$448.869 million (2020 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2019": {
"text": "$568.257 million (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$2.736 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$2.414 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$1.842 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Exports 2019": {
"text": "$2.335 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -739,15 +740,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$2.44 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$2.143 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$1.727 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$2.032 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -767,20 +768,20 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.951 (2022 est.)"
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2021": {
"text": "0.845 (2021 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2017": {
"text": "0.885 (2017 est.)"
"Exchange rates 2020": {
"text": "0.876 (2020 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2016": {
"text": "0.903 (2016 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2015": {
"text": "0.921 (2015 est.)"
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>while not an EU member state, Andorra has a 2011 monetary agreement with the EU to produce limited euro coinage—but not banknotes—that began enforcement in April 2012"
}

112
europe/au.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "83,871 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
"text": "landslides; avalanches; earthquakes"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "note 1: landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere<br><br>note 2: the world's largest and longest ice cave system at 42 km (26 mi) is the Eisriesenwelt (Ice Giants World) inside the Hochkogel mountain near Werfen, about 40 km south of Salzburg; ice caves are bedrock caves that contain year-round ice formations; they differ from glacial caves, which are transient and are formed by melting ice and flowing water within and under glaciers"
"text": "<strong>note 1</strong>: landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere<br><br><strong>note 2</strong>: the world's largest and longest ice cave system at 42 km (26 mi) is the Eisriesenwelt (Ice Giants World) inside the Hochkogel mountain near Werfen, about 40 km south of Salzburg; ice caves are bedrock caves that contain year-round ice formations; they differ from glacial caves, which are transient and are formed by melting ice and flowing water within and under glaciers"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -671,55 +671,55 @@
"text": "one of the strongest EU and euro economies; diversified trade portfolios and relations; enormous trade economy; Russian energy dependence, but investing in alternative energy; aging labor force but large refugee population; large government debt"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$590.354 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$505.143 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$595.287 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$481.977 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$567.987 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$462.382 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "-0.83% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "4.81% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "4.24% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-6.63% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$64,600 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$55,900 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$65,800 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$53,800 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$63,400 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$51,900 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$470.942 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$516.034 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "7.81% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "8.55% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "2.77% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "1.38% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -773,23 +773,23 @@
"text": "construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber and paper, electronics, tourism"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "3.03% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-1.99% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "4.762 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "4.825 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "5.24% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "4.99% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "6.46% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "5.2% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -808,8 +808,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "29.8 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "30.7 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -823,23 +823,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "2.8%"
"text": "2.8% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "23.1% (2020 est.)"
"text": "23.8% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "0.64% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "0.62% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "0.64% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "0.67% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.7% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -854,43 +854,43 @@
"text": "-0.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2022": {
"text": "75.05% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2021": {
"text": "94.53% of GDP (2021 est.)"
"text": "94.64% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "99.91% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "83.1% of GDP (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "25.84% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "26.24% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$13.686 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$1.29 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$7.77 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$14.913 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$306.466 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$292.012 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$267.791 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$224.242 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -902,15 +902,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$288.146 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$290.277 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$264.231 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$209.817 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -922,15 +922,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$31.212 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$33.078 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$33.957 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$30.44 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -945,6 +945,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -956,9 +959,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1209,13 +1209,13 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has a national space program and is a member of the European Space Agency (ESA); develops, builds, operates, and tracks satellites, including remote sensing (RS) and research/scientific satellites; works closely with member states of ESA, the EU, and the commercial sector to develop a range of space capabilities and technologies, including applications for satellite payloads, space flight, and space research; has also cooperated with other foreign space agencies and industries, including those of China, India, Russia, and the US (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

116
europe/be.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "30,528 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -660,55 +660,55 @@
"text": "high-income, core EU and eurozone economy; slow but steady growth supported by household consumption and energy shock recovery; high public debt and structural deficits linked to social spending; aging workforce with weak productivity growth and participation rates"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$751.592 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$622.704 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$741.47 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$604.509 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$719.771 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$565.749 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "1.37% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "3.01% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "6.85% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-5.26% (2020 est.)"
"text": "6.93% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$63,600 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$53,300 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$63,500 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$52,200 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$62,100 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$49,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$583.436 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$632.217 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "4.05% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "9.6% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "2.44% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "0.74% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -762,23 +762,23 @@
"text": "engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, transportation equipment, scientific instruments, processed food and beverages, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, base metals, textiles, glass, petroleum"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-0.1% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-1.95% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "5.374 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "5.432 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "5.51% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "5.56% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "6.26% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "5.55% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -793,12 +793,12 @@
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "13.2% (2021 est.)",
"text": "12.3% (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "26 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "26.6 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -812,22 +812,22 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "3.7%"
"text": "3.6% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "21.4% (2020 est.)"
"text": "21.9% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "2.29% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "2.3% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "2.28% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "2.44% of GDP (2020 est.)"
"text": "2.34% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
@ -843,43 +843,43 @@
"text": "-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2022": {
"text": "94.04% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2021": {
"text": "108.06% of GDP (2021 est.)"
"text": "108.01% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "119.24% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "103.38% of GDP (2019 est.)"
"text": "119.27% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "23.1% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "23.09% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$6.205 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$5.304 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$8.233 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$7.325 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$535.174 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$558.271 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$527.746 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$413.773 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -891,15 +891,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$545.471 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$567.164 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$516.8 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$403.359 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -911,15 +911,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$40.813 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$41.274 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$41.872 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$33.296 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -934,6 +934,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -945,9 +948,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1238,13 +1238,13 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "founding member of the European Space Agency (ESA), which acts as the de facto Belgian space agency as most programs are carried out under the ESA or bi-laterally with its member states; builds satellites, particularly research/science/technology and remote sensing (RS) platforms; also researches, develops, and produces a wide variety of other space technologies, including telecommunications, optics, robotics, scientific instruments, and space launch vehicle (SLV) components; supports the ESA’s SLV program with economic assistance (6% of the funding for the Ariane-5 SLV, for example), as well as legal, scientific, and technological expertise; hosts the European Space Security and Education Center (established 1968); participates in international astronomy efforts, particularly through the European Southern Observatory (ESO); participates in multiple ESA and EU space-related programs and research efforts; in addition to the ESA and EU and their individual country members, has cooperated with a variety foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Argentina, China, India, Russia, South Africa, UAE, Vietnam, and the US (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

94
europe/bk.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "51,197 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -652,43 +652,43 @@
"text": "import-dominated economy; remains consumption-heavy; lack of private sector investments and diversification; jointly addressing structural economic challenges; Chinese energy infrastructure investments; high unemployment; tourism industry impacted by COVID-19"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$63.769 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$54.12 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$62.717 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$51.986 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$60.174 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$48.407 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "1.68% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "4.11% (2022 est.)"
"text": "4.23% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "7.39% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-3.02% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$19,900 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$16,700 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$19,400 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$15,900 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$18,400 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$14,600 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$24.474 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$27.055 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
@ -750,23 +750,23 @@
"text": "steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, aluminum, motor vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, ammunition, domestic appliances, oil refining"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "1.77% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-2.8% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "1.382 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "1.369 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "10.42% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "12.66% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "14.9% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "15.87% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -806,14 +806,14 @@
}
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "10.53% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "10.08% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "10.52% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "10.04% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "9.45% of GDP (2020 est.)"
"text": "10.47% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
@ -830,10 +830,10 @@
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2022": {
"text": "41.85% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "41.74% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2021": {
"text": "47.02% of GDP (2021 est.)"
"text": "46.97% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "45.42% of GDP (2020 est.)"
@ -841,31 +841,31 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "19.14% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"text": "19.09% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$760.467 million (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$1.065 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$418.984 million (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$574.322 million (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$11.942 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$11.794 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$10.058 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$7.02 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -877,15 +877,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$15.398 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$15.162 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$12.738 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$9.726 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -897,15 +897,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$9.205 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$8.762 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$9.475 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$8.707 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -920,6 +920,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "konvertibilna markas (BAM) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "1.809 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "1.859 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -931,9 +934,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "1.747 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "1.657 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

112
europe/bo.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "207,600 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -567,7 +567,7 @@
},
"Legislative branch": {
"description": {
"text": "bicameral National Assembly or Natsyyalny Skhod consists of:<br>Council of the Republic or Savet Respubliki (64 seats statutory, currently 58; 56 members indirectly elected by regional and Minsk city councils and 8 members appointed by the president; members serve 4-year terms)<br>House of Representatives or Palata Pradstawnikow (110 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 4-year terms)"
"text": "bicameral National Assembly or Natsyyalny Skhod consists of:<br>Council of the Republic or Savet Respubliki (65 seats statutory, currently 58; 56 members indirectly elected by regional and Minsk city councils and 8 members appointed by the president; members serve 4-year terms)<br>House of Representatives or Palata Pradstawnikow (110 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 4-year terms)"
},
"elections": {
"text": "Council of the Republic - indirect election last held on 7 November 2019<br>House of Representatives - last held on 25 February 2024 (next to be held in 2028)"
@ -660,55 +660,55 @@
"text": "declining Russian energy subsidies will end in 2024; growing public debt; strong currency pressures have led to higher inflation; recent price controls on basic food and drugs; public sector wage increases and fragile private sector threaten household income gains and economic growth"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$254.407 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$176.183 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$244.89 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$184.867 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$256.855 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$180.466 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "3.89% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "-4.7% (2022 est.)"
"text": "-4.66% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "2.44% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-0.67% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$27,700 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$19,100 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$26,500 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$19,900 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$27,600 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$19,200 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$72.793 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$71.857 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "5% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "15.21% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "9.46% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "5.55% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -762,23 +762,23 @@
"text": "metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earthmovers, motorcycles, synthetic fibers, fertilizer, textiles, refrigerators, washing machines and other household appliances"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-6.11% (2022 est.)",
"text": "8.12% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "4.994 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "4.956 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "3.57% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "3.57% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "3.9% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "4.05% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -812,7 +812,7 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "4.4%"
"text": "4.4% (2020 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "20.7% (2020 est.)"
@ -820,15 +820,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "1.85% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "2.01% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "1.99% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "1.65% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "1.65% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -855,31 +855,31 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "12.83% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "11.23% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$1.02 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "$2.517 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$2.539 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$2.157 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$178.4 million (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$47.87 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$46.846 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$46.878 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$49.435 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$37.183 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -891,15 +891,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$47.398 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$42.28 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$42.289 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$45.465 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$35.236 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -911,15 +911,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$8.118 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$7.923 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$8.425 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$7.468 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -934,6 +934,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Belarusian rubles (BYB/BYR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "3.007 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "2.626 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -945,9 +948,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "2.092 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "2.038 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1173,6 +1173,9 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> in early 2023, President LUKASHENKA ordered the formation of a new volunteer paramilitary territorial defense force to supplement the Army"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2023": {
"text": "1.5% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2022": {
"text": "1.1% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
@ -1183,10 +1186,7 @@
"text": "1.5% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
"text": "1.5% of GDP (2019 est.) (approximately $2.11 billion)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2018": {
"text": "1.5% of GDP (2018 est.) (approximately $2.05 billion)"
"text": "1.5% of GDP (2019 est.)"
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
@ -1209,7 +1209,7 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has a modest national space program focused on developing remote sensing (RS) satellites; jointly builds satellites with foreign partners; develops some space technologies and components for space equipment, including satellite payloads and associated technology, such as optics and imaging equipment; has cooperated with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of Azerbaijan, China, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine; has a state-owned satellite company (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

110
europe/bu.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "110,879 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -663,55 +663,55 @@
"text": "upper-middle-income EU economy; currency pegged to the euro with accession pending; joined Schengen area as of March 2024; global events and internal political turmoil triggered export slump and stalled reforms; EU structural funds contributing to investment recovery; skilled labor shortage driven by emigration and aging population"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$214.061 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$174.307 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$210.181 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$167.722 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$202.24 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$155.786 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "1.85% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "3.93% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "7.66% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-3.97% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$33,300 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$27,000 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$32,500 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$24,400 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$29,400 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$22,500 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$90.346 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$101.584 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "9.44% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "15.33% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "3.3% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "1.67% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -765,23 +765,23 @@
"text": "electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco; machinery and equipment, automotive parts, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel; outsourcing centers"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "11.92% (2022 est.)",
"text": "0.91% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "3.147 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "3.103 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "4.3% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "4.27% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "5.27% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "5.12% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -796,12 +796,12 @@
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "22.9% (2021 est.)",
"text": "20.6% (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "40.5 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "39 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -815,23 +815,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "2.1%"
"text": "2% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "32.6% (2020 est.)"
"text": "29.9% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "2.44% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "2.25% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "2.35% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "2.93% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -846,43 +846,43 @@
"text": "1.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2022": {
"text": "30.3% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2021": {
"text": "32.82% of GDP (2021 est.)"
"text": "32.9% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "32.26% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "26.94% of GDP (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "20.63% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "21.8% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$248.13 million (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$591.65 million (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$1.516 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$31.23 million (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$62.118 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$60.712 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$51.49 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$39.541 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -894,15 +894,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$58.79 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$60.252 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$50.048 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$38.197 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -914,15 +914,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$46.334 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$40.989 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$39.188 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$37.86 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -937,6 +937,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "leva (BGN) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "1.809 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "1.86 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -948,9 +951,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "1.747 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "1.657 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1249,13 +1249,13 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has a long history of involvement in space-related activities going back to the 1960s; develops, produces, and operates satellites, mostly with foreign partners; researches, develops, and produces other space technologies, including those related to astrophysics, remote sensing, data exploitation, optics, and electronics; has specialized in producing scientific instruments for space research; has more than 20 research institutes; Cooperating State of the European Space Agency (ESA) since 2015; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of the ESA and EU (and bi-laterally with their member states), India, Japan, Russia, and the US (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

102
europe/cy.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Middle East"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "9,251 sq km (of which 3,355 sq km are in north Cyprus)"
},
"land": {
@ -669,55 +669,55 @@
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>Even though the whole of the island is part of the EU, implementation of the EU \"acquis communautaire\" has been suspended in the area administered by Turkish Cypriots, known locally as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, until political conditions permit the reunification of the island. Its market-based economy is roughly one-fifth the size of its southern neighbor and is likewise dominated by the service sector with a large portion of the population employed by the government. Manufacturing is limited mainly to food and beverages, furniture and fixtures, construction materials, metal and non-metal products, textiles and clothing. Little trade exists with the Republic of Cyprus outside of construction, historically relying heavily upon Turkey for financial aid, defense, telecommunications, utilities, and postal services. The Turkish Lira is the preferred currency, though foreign currencies are widely accepted in business transactions."
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$46.976 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$41.068 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$45.845 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$39.091 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$43.637 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$35.566 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "2.47% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "5.06% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "9.91% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-3.39% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$50,600 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$45,000 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$50,200 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$43,400 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$48,500 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$39,900 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$29.251 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$32.23 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "3.54% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "8.4% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "2.45% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "-0.64% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -773,23 +773,23 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> area administered by Turkish Cypriots - foodstuffs, textiles, clothing, ship repair, clay, gypsum, copper, furniture"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-0.66% (2022 est.)",
"text": "3.16% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "685,000 (2022 est.)",
"text": "693,000 (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "5.96% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "6.78% (2022 est.)"
"text": "6.81% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "7.51% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "7.76% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -808,30 +808,30 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "31.7 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "31.3 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "3.5%"
"text": "3.5% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "26.3% (2020 est.)"
"text": "25.7% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "1.86% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "1.78% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "1.79% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "2.13% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "2.25% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -856,31 +856,31 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "23.23% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "24.71% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$3.886 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$2.357 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$1.812 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$2.523 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$28.808 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$27.72 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$26.303 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$20.379 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -892,15 +892,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$29.091 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$27.658 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$25.164 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$20.711 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -912,15 +912,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$1.789 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$1.671 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$1.611 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$1.237 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -935,6 +935,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -946,9 +949,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1169,7 +1169,7 @@
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

100
europe/da.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "43,094 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -663,55 +663,55 @@
"text": "<p>high-income, EU member, trade-oriented Nordic economy; growth driven by pharmaceuticals, energy and services; large share of employment in public sector; fixed exchange rate pegged to euro; strong fiscal position; tight labor market addressed by migrant workers and higher average retirement age</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$428.385 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$353.799 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$420.44 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$344.393 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$409.262 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$322.331 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "1.89% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "2.73% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "6.84% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-2.42% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$72,000 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$59,900 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$71,200 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$58,800 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$69,900 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$55,300 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$400.167 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$404.199 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "3.31% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "7.7% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "1.85% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "0.42% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -765,23 +765,23 @@
"text": "wind turbines, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, shipbuilding and refurbishment, iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "6.98% (2022 est.)",
"text": "7.92% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "3.141 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "3.18 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "5.14% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "4.43% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "5.04% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "5.64% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -800,8 +800,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "27.5 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "28.3 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -815,23 +815,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "3.7%"
"text": "3.7% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "22.9% (2020 est.)"
"text": "23.8% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "0.35% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "0.31% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "0.35% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.38% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -855,31 +855,31 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "34.81% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "30.56% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$44.195 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "$53.067 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$36.94 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$28.731 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$278.917 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$279.939 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$237.861 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$195.876 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -891,15 +891,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$240.269 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$235.68 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$210.716 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$172.954 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -911,15 +911,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$109.371 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$96.073 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$82.236 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$72.823 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -934,6 +934,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "6.89 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "7.076 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -945,9 +948,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "6.669 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "6.315 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1214,13 +1214,13 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) and fully integrated within its structure; participates in ESA programs, particularly those linked to human spaceflight and satellite-based remote sensing activities, as well as technology programs involving telecommunications and navigation; independently builds and operates satellites, particularly those with meteorological, science, technology, and signal/traffic monitoring capabilities; conducts research and development of such technologies as measurement and instrumentation systems, microwaves, remote sensing, electromagnetic systems, astrophysics, geomagnetism, etc.; in addition to cooperating with the ESA and EU, as well as bi-laterally with member states, it has relations with the space agencies and industries of Canada, India, Japan, and the US (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

108
europe/ee.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "4,236,351 sq km"
},
"note": "<strong>rank by area (sq km):<br></strong>1. France (includes five overseas regions) 643,801 <br>2. Spain 505,370 <br>3. Sweden 450,295 <br>4. Germany 357,022 <br>5. Finland 338,145 <br>6. Poland 312,685 <br>7. Italy 301,340<br>8. Romania 238,391 <br>9. Greece 131,957 <br>10. Bulgaria 110,879 <br>11. Hungary 93,028 <br>12. Portugal 92,090 <br>13. Austria 83,871 <br>14. Czechia 78,867 <br>15. Ireland 70,273 <br>16. Lithuania 65,300 <br>17. Latvia 64,589 <br>18. Croatia 56,594 <br>19. Slovakia 49,035 <br>20. Estonia 45,228 <br>21. Denmark 43,094 <br>22. Netherlands 41,543 <br>23. Belgium 30,528 <br>24. Slovenia 20,273 <br>25. Cyprus 9,251 <br>26. Luxembourg 2,586 <br>27. Malta 316"
@ -398,55 +398,55 @@
},
"Economy": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$24.177 trillion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$20.569 trillion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$24.05 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$19.86 trillion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$23.216 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$18.724 trillion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "0.45% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "3.44% (2022 est.)"
"text": "3.48% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "6.02% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-5.65% (2020 est.)"
"text": "6.01% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$53,800 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$46,000 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$53,800 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$44,400 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$51,900 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$41,800 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$16.746 trillion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$18.349 trillion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "6.3% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "8.83% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "2.55% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "0.48% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -500,23 +500,23 @@
"text": "among the world's largest and most technologically advanced regions, the EU industrial base includes: ferrous and non-ferrous metal production and processing, metal products, petroleum, coal, cement, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, rail transportation equipment, passenger and commercial vehicles, construction equipment, industrial equipment, shipbuilding, electrical power equipment, machine tools and automated manufacturing systems, electronics and telecommunications equipment, fishing, food and beverages, furniture, paper, textiles"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "1.97% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-1.01% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "219.322 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "221.858 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "6.02% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "6.15% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "7.02% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "7.04% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -548,14 +548,14 @@
}
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "0.77% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "0.85% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "0.79% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "0.78% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.8% of GDP (2020 est.)"
"text": "0.77% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
@ -571,7 +571,7 @@
}
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "19.8% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "19.94% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
@ -583,14 +583,14 @@
}
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$9.712 trillion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$9.446 trillion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$9.478 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$8.777 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$7.182 trillion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$8.789 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
@ -603,14 +603,14 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> top five export commodities based on value in dollars; includes both exports to external partners and internal trade among EU member states"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$9.004 trillion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$9.114 trillion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$9.143 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$8.088 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$6.599 trillion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$8.103 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
@ -643,6 +643,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -654,9 +657,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -745,22 +745,22 @@
"note": "<strong>note 1: </strong>Frontex is the European Border and Coast Guard Agency that supports EU Member States and Schengen-associated countries in the management of the EU’s external borders and the fight against cross-border crime; it has a standing corps of uniformed border guard officers directly employed by Frontex as staff members and regularly deployed to border guarding missions, plus thousands of other officers seconded by EU member states <br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> in 2017, the EU set up the Permanent Structured Cooperation on Defense (PESCO), a mechanism for deepening defense cooperation amongst member states through binding commitments and collaborative programs on a variety of military-related capabilities such as cyber, maritime surveillance, medical support, operational readiness, procurement, and training; similar efforts to promote collaboration and cooperation that same year amongst members included the Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC), the Coordinated Annual Review on Defense (CARD), and the European Defense Fund (EDF)"
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2023": {
"text": "1.8% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2022": {
"text": "1.6% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2021": {
"text": "1.6% of GDP (2021)"
"text": "1.6% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2020": {
"text": "1.6% of GDP (2020)"
"text": "1.6% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2019": {
"text": "1.4% of GDP (2019)"
"text": "1.4% of GDP (2019 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2018": {
"text": "1.4% of GDP (2018)"
},
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the European Defense Fund (EDF) has a budget of approximately $8 billion for 2021-2027; about $2.7 billion is devoted to funding collaborative defense research while about $5.3 billion is allocated for collaborative capability development projects that complement national contributions; the EDF identifies critical defense domains that it will support <br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> NATO is resourced through the direct and indirect contributions of its members; NATO’s common funds are direct contributions to collective budgets, capabilities and programs, which equate to only 0.3% of total NATO defense spending (approximately $3.3 billion for 2023) to develop capabilities and run NATO, its military commands, capabilities, and infrastructure; NATO's 2014 Defense Investment Pledge called for NATO members to meet the 2% of GDP guideline for defense spending and the 20% of annual defense expenditure on major new equipment by 2024; since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, a majority of the NATO countries have committed to investing more in defense and at a more rapid pace"
"note": "<strong>note 1:</strong> the European Defense Fund (EDF) has a budget of approximately $8 billion for 2021-2027; about $2.7 billion is devoted to funding collaborative defense research while about $5.3 billion is allocated for collaborative capability development projects that complement national contributions; the EDF identifies critical defense domains that it will support <br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> NATO is resourced through the direct and indirect contributions of its members; NATO’s common funds are direct contributions to collective budgets, capabilities and programs, which equate to only 0.3% of total NATO defense spending (approximately $3.3 billion for 2023) to develop capabilities and run NATO, its military commands, capabilities, and infrastructure; NATO's 2014 Defense Investment Pledge called for NATO members to meet the 2% of GDP guideline for defense spending and the 20% of annual defense expenditure on major new equipment by 2024<br><br><strong>note 3:</strong>  average spending for all NATO countries in 2023 was 2.5% of GDP in 2023 and 2.7% of GDP in 2024"
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "the 27 EU countries have a cumulative total of approximately 1.34 million active-duty troops; the largest EU country military forces belong to France, Germany, and Italy (2023)",
@ -783,7 +783,7 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "the EUSPA’s mission is to provide a link between European users and space technologies and capabilities, including remote sensing (RS), satellite navigation, and telecommunications; it is responsible for the operational management of the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) and Galileo satellite navigation programs; the EU has a space strategy, which includes encouraging investment in and the use of space services and data, fostering competition and innovation, developing space technologies, and reinforcing Europe’s autonomy in accessing space<br><br>the ESA is a comprehensive space agency and active across all areas of the space sector outside of launching humans into space, including producing and operating satellites with a full spectrum of capabilities (communications, multipurpose, navigational, RS, science/technology), satellite launch vehicles (SLVs), space launches, human space flight (has an astronaut training program), space transportation/automated transfer vehicles, re-usable spacecraft, space station modules, spacecraft components, robotic space labs, lunar/planetary surface rovers, interplanetary space probes and exploration, space telescopes, research, science, technology development, etc.; ESA also participates in international space programs such as the International Space Station and works closely with Europe’s commercial space industry; it also cooperates with a broad range of space agencies and industries of non-member countries, including China, Japan, Russia, and the US; many of its programs are conducted jointly, particularly with the US space program<br><br>Europe has a large and advanced commercial space sector capable of developing and producing a full range of capabilities and technologies; a key focus for both the ESA and EUSPA is encouraging the European commercial space sector; Europe is a global leader in satellite-based communications and hosts the headquarters of three of the world’s major satellite communications companies (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Terrorism": {

112
europe/ei.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "70,273 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -645,54 +645,54 @@
"text": "strong, export-based EU economy; multinational-business-friendly environment known for resilience, even amid COVID-19 disruptions; real wage growth beyond other OECD members; high livings standards; strong social equity and cohesion; aging labor force"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$608.463 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$576.527 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$628.57 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$526.831 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$574.387 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$457.615 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "-3.2% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "9.43% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "15.13% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "6.62% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$115,600 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$112,400 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$122,600 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$104,700 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$114,100 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$91,800 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$533.14 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$545.629 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "6.3% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "7.81% (2022 est.)"
"text": "7.83% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "2.36% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "-0.33% (2020 est.)"
"text": "2.34% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
@ -747,23 +747,23 @@
"text": "pharmaceuticals, chemicals, computer hardware and software, food products, beverages and brewing; medical devices"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "18.13% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-10.79% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "2.673 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "2.766 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "4.34% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "4.48% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "6.19% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "5.62% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -782,8 +782,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "29.2 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "30.1 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -797,23 +797,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "3.7%"
"text": "3.6% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "23.8% (2020 est.)"
"text": "24.8% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "0.08% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "0.08% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "0.04% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.06% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -828,43 +828,43 @@
"text": "-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2022": {
"text": "46.71% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2021": {
"text": "64.23% of GDP (2021 est.)"
"text": "64.34% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "71.28% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "69.6% of GDP (2019 est.)"
"text": "71.3% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "17.16% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "17.27% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$53.997 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "$57.807 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$70.909 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$26.44 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$731.814 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$729.135 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$685.814 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$571.051 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -876,15 +876,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$548.827 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$516.084 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$479.284 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$488.823 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -896,15 +896,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$12.905 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$13.039 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$13.247 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$7.463 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -919,6 +919,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -930,9 +933,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Continuity Irish Republican Army; New Irish Republican Army; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

116
europe/en.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "45,228 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -661,55 +661,55 @@
"text": "advanced, service-based EU and eurozone economy; economic downturn due to inflation, trade, and energy impacts of Ukraine war; decline in intra-EU trade; low public debt relative to EU members; recovery depends on improving private investment and productivity rates"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$57.377 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$50.867 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$59.155 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$51.531 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$59.429 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$47.708 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "-3.01% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "-1.29% (2022 est.)"
"text": "-0.46% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "8.01% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-0.55% (2020 est.)"
"text": "7.25% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$42,000 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$37,700 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$43,900 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$38,700 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$44,700 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$35,900 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$38.101 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$40.745 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "9.16% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "19.4% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "4.65% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "-0.44% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -763,23 +763,23 @@
"text": "food, engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textiles; information technology, telecommunications"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-2.96% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-9.7% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "734,000 (2022 est.)",
"text": "752,000 (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "6.35% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "5.57% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "6.18% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "6.8% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -794,12 +794,12 @@
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "22.8% (2021 est.)",
"text": "22.5% (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "30.7 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "31.8 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -813,22 +813,22 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "3%"
"text": "3.1% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "23.5% (2020 est.)"
"text": "24.3% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "1.2% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "1.23% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "1.24% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "1.56% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "1.61% of GDP (2020 est.)"
"text": "1.6% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
@ -844,43 +844,43 @@
"text": "-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2022": {
"text": "25.2% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2021": {
"text": "23.67% of GDP (2021 est.)"
"text": "23.89% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "23.76% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "14.05% of GDP (2019 est.)"
"text": "23.77% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "21.42% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "21.01% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$848.528 million (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$1.231 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$1.002 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$660.167 million (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$31.939 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$32.461 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$29.522 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$21.721 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -892,15 +892,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$31.701 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$32.671 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$29.937 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$21.966 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -912,15 +912,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$2.593 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$2.217 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$2.371 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$1.997 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -935,6 +935,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -946,9 +949,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},

98
europe/ez.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "78,867 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
"text": "flooding"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Hranice Abyss in Czechia is the world's deepest surveyed underwater cave at 404 m (1,325 ft); its survey is not complete and it could end up being some 800-1,200 m deep"
"text": "<strong>note 1:</strong> landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe<br><br><strong>note 2:</strong> the Hranice Abyss in Czechia is the world's deepest surveyed underwater cave at 404 m (1,325 ft); its survey is not complete, and it could end up being some 800-1,200 m deep"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -660,55 +660,55 @@
"text": "high-income, diversified EU economy; manufacturing-oriented exporter led by automotive industry; growth stalled by inflation and energy supply disruption; business-friendly regulatory frameworks; tight labor market with low unemployment; seeking reforms to support decarbonization and improve energy efficiency"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$519.007 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$438.119 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$520.629 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$428.052 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$508.67 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$413.365 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "-0.31% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "2.35% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "3.55% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-5.5% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$47,700 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$41,100 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$48,800 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$40,700 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$48,400 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$38,600 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$290.528 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$330.858 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "10.66% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "15.1% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "3.84% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "3.16% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -762,23 +762,23 @@
"text": "motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "0.91% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-0.44% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "5.373 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "5.502 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "2.59% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "2.22% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "2.8% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "2.55% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -797,8 +797,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "26.2 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "26.2 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -812,23 +812,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "4%"
"text": "3.9% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "22.5% (2020 est.)"
"text": "22.2% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "1.27% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "1.43% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "1.56% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "1.7% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -851,31 +851,31 @@
}
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "13.36% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "13.13% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$1.281 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$17.366 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$7.686 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$4.967 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$236.688 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$217.731 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$205.626 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$172.837 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -887,15 +887,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$219.393 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$218.002 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$197.515 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$156.129 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -907,15 +907,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$148.379 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$139.981 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$173.618 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$166.126 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -930,6 +930,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "koruny (CZK) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "22.198 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "23.357 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -941,9 +944,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "22.932 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "21.73 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},

110
europe/fi.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "338,145 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -674,55 +674,55 @@
"text": "<p>high-income, export-based EU and eurozone economy; major timber, metals, engineering, telecom, and electronics industries; emerging from recession triggered by inflation, weak consumer and export demand, and lower private investment; labor market reform plan to address structural rigidities</p>"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$321.126 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$274.576 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$324.486 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$270.247 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$320.209 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$261.941 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "-1.04% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "1.6% (2022 est.)"
"text": "1.34% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "3.17% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-2.35% (2020 est.)"
"text": "2.84% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$57,500 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$49,400 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$58,400 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$48,800 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$57,800 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$47,400 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$282.896 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$300.187 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "6.25% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "7.12% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "2.19% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "0.29% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -776,23 +776,23 @@
"text": "metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "0.04% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-2.72% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "2.846 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "2.88 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "7.16% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "6.72% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "7.61% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "7.76% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -807,12 +807,12 @@
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "12.7% (2021 est.)",
"text": "12.2% (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "27.1 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "27.7 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -826,23 +826,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "3.9%"
"text": "3.8% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "22.6% (2020 est.)"
"text": "22.9% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "0.23% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "0.21% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "0.23% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "0.23% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.22% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -867,31 +867,31 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "20.65% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "21.08% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$4.364 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$7.318 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "-$7.074 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$1.222 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$1.734 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$122.953 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$127.83 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$127.706 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$116.762 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$97.42 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -903,15 +903,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$124.221 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$134.721 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$134.575 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$116.72 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$97.037 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -923,15 +923,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$16.929 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$16.036 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$16.744 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$13.48 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -946,6 +946,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -957,9 +960,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},

44
europe/fo.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "1,393 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -499,15 +499,16 @@
"text": "high-income Danish territorial economy; party neither to the EU nor the Schengen Area; associate Nordic Council member; very low unemployment; unique foreign ownership allowance in fishing industry; known salmon exporter; growing IT industries"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": {
"text": "$2.001 billion (2014 est.)"
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$3.798 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2013": {
"text": "$1.89 billion (2013 est.)"
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$3.603 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2012": {
"text": "$1.608 billion (2012 est.)"
}
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$3.407 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
@ -522,9 +523,16 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2014": {
"text": "$40,000 (2014 est.)"
}
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$71,500 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$68,100 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$65,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$3.556 billion (2022 est.)",
@ -650,7 +658,7 @@
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$1.597 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
"text": "Denmark 33%, China 10.7%, Germany 7.6%, Poland 6.8%, Norway 6.7%, Ireland 5%, Chile 4.3% (2017)"
@ -670,6 +678,12 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "6.89 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "7.076 (2022 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2021": {
"text": "6.287 (2021 est.)"
},
@ -678,12 +692,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "6.669 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "6.315 (2018 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2017": {
"text": "6.603 (2017 est.)"
}
}
},

116
europe/fr.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "<p><strong>metropolitan France:</strong> Europe; </p><p><strong>French Guiana:</strong> South America; </p><p><strong>Guadeloupe:</strong> Central America and the Caribbean; </p><p><strong>Martinique:</strong> Central America and the Caribbean; </p><p><strong>Mayotte:</strong> Africa; </p><p><strong>Reunion:</strong> World</p>"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "643,801 sq km ; 551,500 sq km (metropolitan France)"
},
"land": {
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
"text": "<p><strong>metropolitan France:</strong> flooding; avalanches; midwinter windstorms; drought; forest fires in south near the Mediterranean;</p> <p><strong>overseas departments:</strong> hurricanes (cyclones); flooding;</p> <p><strong>volcanism:</strong> Montagne Pelee (1,394 m) on the island of Martinique in the Caribbean is the most active volcano of the Lesser Antilles arc, it last erupted in 1932; a catastrophic eruption in May 1902 destroyed the city of St. Pierre, killing an estimated 30,000 people; La Soufriere (1,467 m) on the island of Guadeloupe in the Caribbean last erupted from July 1976 to March 1977; these volcanoes are part of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends from Saba in the north to Grenada in the south</p>"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "largest West European nation; most major French rivers - the Meuse, Seine, Loire, Charente, Dordogne, and Garonne - flow northward or westward into the Atlantic Ocean, only the Rhone flows southward into the Mediterranean Sea"
"text": "largest West European nation; most major French rivers -- the Meuse, Seine, Loire, Charente, Dordogne, and Garonne -- flow northward or westward into the Atlantic Ocean, only the Rhone flows southward into the Mediterranean Sea"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -551,7 +551,7 @@
"text": "no official date of independence: 486 (Frankish tribes unified under Merovingian kingship); 10 August 843 (Western Francia established from the division of the Carolingian Empire); 14 July 1789 (French monarchy overthrown); 22 September 1792 (First French Republic founded); 4 October 1958 (Fifth French Republic established)"
},
"National holiday": {
"text": "Fete de la Federation, 14 July (1790); note - although often incorrectly referred to as Bastille Day, the celebration actually commemorates the holiday held on the first anniversary of the storming of the Bastille (on 14 July 1789) and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy; other names for the holiday are Fete Nationale (National Holiday) and quatorze juillet (14th of July)"
"text": "Fête de la Fédération, 14 July (1790); note - often incorrectly referred to as Bastille Day, the celebration commemorates the holiday held on the first anniversary of the storming of the Bastille (on 14 July 1789) and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy; other names for the holiday are <em>la Fête nationale</em> (National Holiday) and <em>le Quatorze Juillet</em> (14th of July)"
},
"Constitution": {
"history": {
@ -707,55 +707,55 @@
"text": "high-income, advanced and diversified EU economy and euro user; strong tourism, aircraft manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and industrial sectors; high public debt; ongoing pension reform efforts; transitioning to a green economy via \"France 2030\" strategy"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$3.764 trillion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$3.12 trillion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$3.738 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$3.045 trillion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$3.648 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$2.861 trillion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "0.7% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "2.45% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "6.44% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-7.54% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$55,200 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$45,900 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$55,000 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$44,900 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$53,800 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$42,300 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$2.779 trillion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$3.031 trillion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "4.88% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "5.22% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "1.64% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "0.48% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -809,22 +809,22 @@
"text": "machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics, textiles, food processing, tourism"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-1.15% (2022 est.)",
"text": "0.74% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "31.617 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "31.825 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "7.32% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "7.31% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "7.86% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "8.01% (2020 est.)"
"text": "7.87% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
@ -844,8 +844,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "30.7 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "31.5 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -859,23 +859,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "3.1%"
"text": "2.9% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "24.5% (2020 est.)"
"text": "24.9% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "1.15% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "1.22% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "1.11% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "1.09% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -890,43 +890,43 @@
"text": "-2.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2022": {
"text": "98.66% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2021": {
"text": "116.49% of GDP (2021 est.)"
"text": "116.89% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "122.89% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "104.96% of GDP (2019 est.)"
"text": "123.17% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "23.96% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "24.62% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$22.792 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$56.672 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$9.868 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$41.381 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$1.052 trillion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$1.013 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$925.551 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$752.31 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -938,15 +938,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$1.099 trillion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$1.103 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$963.999 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$799.147 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -958,15 +958,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$240.792 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$242.416 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$244.28 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$224.236 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -981,6 +981,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -992,9 +995,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1309,13 +1309,13 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has one of Europe’s largest space programs and is a key member of the European Space Agency (ESA), as well as one of its largest contributors; has independent capabilities in all areas of space categories except for autonomous manned space flight; can build, launch, and operate a range of space/satellite launch vehicles (SLVs) and spacecraft, including exploratory probes and a full spectrum of satellites; trained astronauts until training mission shifted to ESA in 2001; develops a wide range of space-related technologies; hosts the ESA headquarters; participates in international space programs such as the Square Kilometer Array Project (world’s largest radio telescope) and International Space Station (ISS); cooperates with a broad range of space agencies and commercial space companies, including those of China, Egypt, individual ESA and EU member countries, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Mexico, Russia, the UAE, the US, and several African countries; has a large commercial space sector involved in such areas as satellite construction and payloads, launch capabilities, and a range of other space-related capabilities and technologies (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); al-Qa'ida",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

8
europe/gi.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "7 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -561,6 +561,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Gibraltar pounds (GIP) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.805 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.811 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -572,9 +575,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.783 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.75 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},

34
europe/gk.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "78 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -443,14 +443,14 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2015 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "7.81% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "8.65% (2021 est.)"
"text": "15.46% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-7.97% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "1.33% (2019 est.)"
"text": "-8.47% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; entry includes Jersey and Guernsey"
},
@ -460,7 +460,7 @@
}
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$11.736 billion (2021 est.)",
"text": "$11.228 billion (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate; entry includes Jersey and Guernsey"
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
@ -481,22 +481,22 @@
"text": "tourism, banking"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "25.3% (2021 est.)",
"text": "1.64% (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency; entry includes Jersey and Guernsey"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "86,000 (2022 est.)",
"text": "86,000 (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work;entry includes Jersey and Guernsey"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "5.98% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "6.03% (2022 est.)"
"text": "5.91% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "6.73% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "6.72% (2020 est.)"
"text": "6.61% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment; entry includes Jersey and Guernsey"
},
@ -541,6 +541,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Guernsey pound per US dollar"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.805 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.811 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -552,9 +555,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.783 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.75 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},

112
europe/gm.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "357,022 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
"text": "flooding"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea; most major rivers in Germany - the Rhine, Weser, Oder, Elbe - flow northward; the Danube, which originates in the Black Forest, flows eastward"
"text": "strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea; most major rivers in Germany -- the Rhine, Weser, Oder, Elbe -- flow northward; the Danube, which originates in the Black Forest, flows eastward"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -688,55 +688,55 @@
"text": "leading diversified, export-driven, core EU and eurozone economy; key automotive, chemical, engineering, finance, and green energy industries; growth stalled by energy crisis; tight labor market with falling working-age population; fiscal rebalancing with phaseout of energy price supports"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$5.23 trillion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$4.523 trillion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$5.246 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$4.442 trillion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$5.153 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$4.306 trillion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "-0.3% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "1.81% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "3.16% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-3.83% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$61,900 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$54,000 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$62,600 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$53,400 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$61,900 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$51,800 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$4.082 trillion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$4.456 trillion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "5.95% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "6.87% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "3.07% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "0.14% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -790,23 +790,23 @@
"text": "<p>iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, automobiles, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles</p>"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-0.92% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-1.59% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "44.198 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "44.784 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "3.05% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "3.14% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "3.64% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "3.86% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -821,7 +821,7 @@
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "14.7% (2021 est.)",
"text": "14.8% (2021 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
@ -840,7 +840,7 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "3.1%"
"text": "3.1% (2019 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "25.2% (2019 est.)"
@ -848,14 +848,14 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "0.46% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "0.47% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "0.49% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.5% of GDP (2020 est.)"
"text": "0.46% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
@ -880,30 +880,30 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euros; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euro using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "11.18% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "11.23% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$262.723 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "$172.459 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$174.831 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$329.969 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$275.87 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$312.08 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$2.104 trillion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$2.06 trillion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$2.092 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$2.021 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$1.692 trillion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$2.034 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
@ -916,14 +916,14 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$1.927 trillion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$1.973 trillion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$1.997 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$1.785 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$1.464 trillion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$1.798 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
@ -936,15 +936,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$322.7 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$293.914 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$295.736 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$268.409 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -959,6 +959,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -970,9 +973,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1266,13 +1266,13 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has one of Europe’s largest space programs; is a key member of the European Space Agency (ESA) and one of its largest contributors; builds and operates satellites, satellite/space launch vehicles (SLVs), space probes, unmanned orbiters, and reusable space planes; conducts research and develops a range of other space-related capabilities technologies, including satellite payloads (cameras, remote sensing, communications, optics, sensors, etc.), rockets and rocket propulsion, propulsion assisted landing technologies, and aeronautics; participates in ESA’s astronaut training program and human space flight operations and hosts the European Astronaut Center; participates in other international space programs, such as the International Space Station (ISS); hosts the mission control centers for the ISS and the ESA, as well as the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT); in addition to ESA/EU and their member states, has ties to a range of foreign space programs, including those of China, Japan, Russia, and the US; has a robust commercial space industry sector that develops a broad range of space capabilities, including satellite launchers, and cooperates closely with DLR, ESA, and other international commercial entities and government agencies (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps/Qods Force; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); al-Qa'ida",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

110
europe/gr.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "131,957 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -663,55 +663,55 @@
"text": "developed EU and eurozone economy; strong post-COVID growth driven by tourism, shipping industry, exports, and foreign investment supported by EU cohesion funds; public debt remains high despite recent budget surplus; challenges from negative household savings, high unemployment, corruption, and competitiveness gaps"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$375.78 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$330.579 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$368.37 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$313.175 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$348.977 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$288.961 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "2.01% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "5.56% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "8.38% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-9.32% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$36,300 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$31,700 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$35,300 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$29,600 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$33,000 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$27,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$217.581 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$238.206 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "3.46% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "9.65% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "1.22% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "-1.25% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -765,23 +765,23 @@
"text": "tourism, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products; mining, petroleum"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-3.43% (2022 est.)",
"text": "1.68% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "4.652 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "4.645 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "11% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "12.43% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "14.66% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "15.9% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -800,8 +800,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "33.6 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "32.9 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -815,23 +815,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "2.4%"
"text": "2.6% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "25.2% (2020 est.)"
"text": "24.8% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "0.22% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "0.28% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "0.32% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.32% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -846,43 +846,43 @@
"text": "0.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2022": {
"text": "203.29% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2021": {
"text": "237.35% of GDP (2021 est.)"
"text": "237.49% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "253.12% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "212.36% of GDP (2019 est.)"
"text": "253.23% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "25.37% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "27.81% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$15.056 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$22.623 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$13.858 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$12.413 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$106.65 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$106.189 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$87.521 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$59.022 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -894,15 +894,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$117.922 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$127.82 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$103.532 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$71.758 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -914,15 +914,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$13.608 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$12.061 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$14.447 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$11.931 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -937,6 +937,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -948,9 +951,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1228,13 +1228,13 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has a relatively new and growing space program focused on building and operating satellites; also researches and develops technologies in a variety of other space sectors, including such areas as remote sensing (RS), telecommunications, defense, environmental studies, and agricultural development; has a national space strategy; as a member of the European Space Agency (ESA), it contributes to, participates in, and benefits from ESA capabilities and programs; cooperates with space agencies and commercial space sectors of ESA and EU member states, as well as the US; has a robust commercial space sector that researches, develops, and produces a variety of space technologies and capabilities, including satellite components, electronics, sensors, and communications (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Revolutionary Struggle; Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front (DHKP/C)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

122
europe/hr.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "56,594 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
"text": "destructive earthquakes"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia - some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks"
"text": "controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits; most Adriatic Sea islands lie off the coast of Croatia -- some 1,200 islands, islets, ridges, and rocks"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -680,55 +680,55 @@
"text": "tourism-based economy that was one of the hardest hit by COVID-19 economic disruptions; newest euro user since 2023, helping recover from a 6-year recession; public debt increases due to COVID-19 and stimulus packages; weak exports; continuing emigration; new liquefied natural gas import terminal"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$159.305 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$132.256 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$154.574 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$124.363 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$144.425 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$109.296 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "3.06% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "6.35% (2022 est.)"
"text": "7.03% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "13.78% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-8.59% (2020 est.)"
"text": "13.04% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$41,300 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$34,300 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$40,100 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$32,100 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$37,200 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$27,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$71.6 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$82.689 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "7.94% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "10.78% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "2.55% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "0.15% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -782,23 +782,23 @@
"text": "chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "2.69% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-0.47% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "1.732 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "1.744 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "6.06% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "6.96% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "7.61% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "7.51% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -817,8 +817,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "29.5 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "28.9 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -832,22 +832,22 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "2.9%"
"text": "3.1% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "22.3% (2020 est.)"
"text": "22.3% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "6.89% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "7.53% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "7.51% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "7.28% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "7.25% of GDP (2020 est.)"
"text": "7.23% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
@ -863,42 +863,42 @@
"text": "0.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2022": {
"text": "82.08% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2021": {
"text": "91% of GDP (2021 est.)"
"text": "90.32% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "98.78% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "81.68% of GDP (2019 est.)"
"text": "98% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "20.13% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "21.41% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$956.968 million (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$1.464 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "-$2.336 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$2.082 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$184.775 million (2020 est.)"
"text": "$651.685 million (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$44.969 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$41.953 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$41.903 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$35.308 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$24.007 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$34.367 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
@ -911,14 +911,14 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$46.571 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$46.307 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$46.664 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$36.331 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$27.954 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$36.256 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
@ -931,15 +931,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$3.176 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$29.726 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$28.309 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$23.254 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {

128
europe/hu.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "93,028 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -525,7 +525,7 @@
}
},
"Administrative divisions": {
"text": "<p>19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 23 cities with county rights (megyei jogu varosok, singular - megyei jogu varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros)</p> <p><strong>counties:</strong> Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad-Csanad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala</p> <p><strong>cities with county rights:</strong> Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg</p> <p><strong>capital city:</strong> Budapest</p>"
"text": "<p>19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 25 cities with county rights (megyei jogu varosok, singular - megyei jogu varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros)</p> <p><strong>counties:</strong> Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad-Csanad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala</p> <p><strong>cities with county rights:</strong> Baja, Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Esztergom, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg</p> <p><strong>capital city:</strong> Budapest</p>"
},
"Independence": {
"text": "16 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established)"
@ -681,55 +681,55 @@
"text": "high-income EU and OECD economy; tightening fiscal policy in response to budget deficit; delayed EU cohesion fund disbursement due to judicial independence concerns; high inflation and low consumer confidence; seeking alternatives to dependence on Russian natural gas&nbsp;"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$388.906 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$340.947 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$392.468 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$326.095 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$375.268 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$304.518 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "-0.91% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "4.55% (2022 est.)"
"text": "4.58% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "7.09% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-4.54% (2020 est.)"
"text": "7.06% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$40,600 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$35,400 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$40,700 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$33,600 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$38,600 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$31,200 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$177.337 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$212.389 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "17.12% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "14.61% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "5.11% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "3.33% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -783,23 +783,23 @@
"text": "mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "2.06% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-5.16% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "4.984 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "5.006 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "4.13% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "3.61% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "4.05% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "4.25% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -818,8 +818,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "29.7 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "29.2 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -833,22 +833,22 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "3.1%"
"text": "3.5% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "23.3% (2020 est.)"
"text": "24.1% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "1.7% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "2.02% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "2.2% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "2.09% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "2.51% of GDP (2020 est.)"
"text": "2.1% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
@ -864,43 +864,43 @@
"text": "-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2022": {
"text": "75.53% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2021": {
"text": "87% of GDP (2021 est.)"
"text": "86.92% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "96% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "83.37% of GDP (2019 est.)"
"text": "95.94% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "21.49% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "23.43% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$623.545 million (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$14.24 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "-$14.47 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$7.29 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$1.582 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "-$7.337 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$172.484 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$161.761 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$160.038 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$145.539 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$124.111 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -912,15 +912,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$161.558 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$169.199 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$167.744 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$145.058 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$121.016 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -932,15 +932,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$45.719 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$41.219 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$43.483 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$41.349 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -955,6 +955,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "forints (HUF) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "353.088 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "372.596 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -966,9 +969,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "290.66 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "270.212 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1231,13 +1231,13 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has a history of involvement in space activities going back to the Soviet era; growing a modern space program focused on acquiring satellites and contributing to the European Space Agency (ESA); has a national space strategy; builds and operates satellites; researches and develops space technologies, including communications, navigation, and subsystems for satellites; has an astronaut corps; in addition to being an ESA member and cooperating with individual ESA and EU member states, particularly France, has relations with a variety of other foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Brazil, Israel, Russia, Singapore, Turkey, the UAE, and the US; national space strategy included the goals of fostering innovation and increasing Hungary’s competitiveness in the commercial space sector (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

112
europe/ic.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Arctic Region"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "103,000 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -642,55 +642,55 @@
"text": "high-income north Atlantic island economy; non-EU member but market integration via European Economic Area (EEA); dominant tourism, fishing, and aluminum industries vulnerable to demand swings and volcanic activity; inflation remains above target rate; barriers to foreign business access and economic diversification"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$26.155 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$21.227 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$25.134 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$19.794 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$23.084 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$18.94 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "4.06% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "7.24% (2022 est.)"
"text": "8.88% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "4.51% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-7.22% (2020 est.)"
"text": "5.15% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$66,500 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$55,600 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$65,800 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$53,100 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$62,000 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$51,700 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$28.065 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$31.02 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "8.74% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "8.31% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "4.44% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "2.85% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -744,23 +744,23 @@
"text": "tourism, fish processing; aluminum smelting; geothermal power, hydropower; medical/pharmaceutical products"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "4.27% (2022 est.)",
"text": "3.24% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "231,000 (2022 est.)",
"text": "239,000 (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "3.56% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "3.79% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "6.03% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "5.48% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -786,7 +786,7 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "4%"
"text": "4% (2017 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "22.1% (2017 est.)"
@ -794,14 +794,14 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "0.66% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "0.69% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "0.67% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "0.75% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.77% of GDP (2020 est.)"
"text": "0.74% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
@ -818,41 +818,41 @@
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2022": {
"text": "88.46% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "86.5% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2021": {
"text": "96.68% of GDP (2021 est.)"
"text": "95.92% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "100.61% of GDP (2020 est.)"
"text": "100.32% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "23.03% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"text": "22.52% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$324.663 million (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$577.122 million (2022 est.)"
"text": "-$498.416 million (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$758.255 million (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$200.648 million (2020 est.)"
"text": "-$687.447 million (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$13.49 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$13.044 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$13.109 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$9.555 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$7.197 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$9.606 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
@ -865,15 +865,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$13.484 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$13.146 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$10.065 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$7.518 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -885,15 +885,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$5.809 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$5.887 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$7.079 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$6.419 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -908,6 +908,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Icelandic kronur (ISK) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "137.943 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "135.28 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -919,9 +922,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "122.607 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "108.3 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},

18
europe/im.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "572 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -499,15 +499,15 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2014 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "3.84% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-8.84% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "0.25% (2019 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2018": {
"text": "2.21% (2018 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
@ -522,7 +522,7 @@
}
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$6.684 billion (2020 est.)",
"text": "$7.931 billion (2021 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
"text": "financial services, light manufacturing, tourism"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "6.66% (2020 est.)",
"text": "9.95% (2021 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
@ -612,6 +612,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Manx pounds (IMP) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.805 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.811 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -623,9 +626,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.783 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.75 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},

114
europe/it.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "301,340 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -667,55 +667,55 @@
"text": "core EU economy; strong services, manufacturing, and tourism sectors; sustained recovery in post-COVID inflationary environment; high public debt levels; increasing poverty levels particularly in poorer south; strong exports to EU and US partners"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$3.097 trillion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$2.611 trillion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$3.068 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$2.517 trillion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$2.951 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$2.324 trillion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "0.92% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "3.72% (2022 est.)"
"text": "3.99% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "8.31% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-8.97% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$52,700 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$44,300 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$52,100 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$42,600 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$49,900 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$39,100 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$2.05 trillion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$2.255 trillion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "5.62% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "8.2% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "1.87% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "-0.14% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -769,23 +769,23 @@
"text": "tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "1.9% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-0.02% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "25.342 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "25.669 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "7.62% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "8.07% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "9.5% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "9.16% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -804,8 +804,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "35.2 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "34.8 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -819,23 +819,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "2.1%"
"text": "2.3% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "26.1% (2020 est.)"
"text": "26.2% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "0.47% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "0.51% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "0.49% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.52% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -859,30 +859,30 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Italy reports its data on public debt according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty; general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year, in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises central, state, and local government and social security funds"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "24.93% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "24.92% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$11.552 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$30.222 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "-$32.783 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$52.543 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$75.097 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$51.549 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$793.589 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$751.092 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$752.864 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$690.534 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$559.952 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$691.428 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
@ -895,14 +895,14 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$756.154 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$781.083 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$785.549 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$642.948 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$490.684 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$644.93 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
@ -915,15 +915,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$247.396 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$224.581 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$227.478 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$210.687 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -938,6 +938,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -949,9 +952,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1244,13 +1244,13 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has one of the largest space programs in Europe; is a key member of the European Space Agency (ESA) and one of its largest contributors; designs, builds, launches, and operates communications, remote sensing (RS), and scientific satellites; designs and manufacturers sounding (research) rockets and orbital satellite launch vehicles (SLVs); hosts the ESA Center for Earth Observation; has astronaut cadre in the ESA astronaut corps; researches, develops, and builds a range of other space-related technologies and participates in a wide array of international programs with astronauts, cargo containers, construction, expertise, modules, scientific experiments, and technology; outside of the ESA/EU and their individual member states, has cooperated with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, Israel, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Russia, South Korea, Thailand, the UAE, and the US; participates in international space projects such as the International Space Station (ISS); has a considerable commercial space industrial sector encompassing a wide range of capabilities, including manufacturing satellites, satellite payloads, launch vehicles, propulsion systems, cargo containers, and their sub-components (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

34
europe/je.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "116 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -488,14 +488,14 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data are in 2015 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "7.81% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "8.65% (2021 est.)"
"text": "15.46% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-7.97% (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2019": {
"text": "1.33% (2019 est.)"
"text": "-8.47% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; entry includes Jersey and Guernsey"
},
@ -508,7 +508,7 @@
}
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$11.736 billion (2021 est.)",
"text": "$11.228 billion (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate; entry includes Jersey and Guernsey"
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
@ -529,22 +529,22 @@
"text": "tourism, banking and finance, dairy, electronics"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "25.3% (2021 est.)",
"text": "1.64% (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency; entry includes Jersey and Guernsey"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "86,000 (2022 est.)",
"text": "86,000 (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work;entry includes Jersey and Guernsey"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "5.98% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "6.03% (2022 est.)"
"text": "5.91% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "6.73% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "6.72% (2020 est.)"
"text": "6.61% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment; entry includes Jersey and Guernsey"
},
@ -594,6 +594,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Jersey pounds (JEP) per US dollar"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.805 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.811 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -605,9 +608,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.783 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.75 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},

2
europe/jn.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Arctic Region"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "377 sq km"
},
"land": {

88
europe/kv.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "10,887 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
"text": "population clusters exist throughout the country, the largest being in the east in and around the capital of Pristina"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the 41-km long Nerodimka River divides into two branches each of which flows into a different sea: the northern branch flows into the Sitnica River, which via the Ibar, Morava, and Danube Rivers ultimately flows into the Black Sea; the southern branch flows via the Lepenac and Vardar Rivers into the Aegean Sea"
"text": "the 41-km long Nerodimka River divides into two branches, each of which flows into a different sea: the northern branch flows into the Sitnica River, which via the Ibar, Morava, and Danube Rivers ultimately flows into the Black Sea; the southern branch flows via the Lepenac and Vardar Rivers into the Aegean Sea"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -534,55 +534,55 @@
"text": "small-but-growing European economy; non-EU member but unilateral euro user; very high unemployment, especially youth; vulnerable reliance on diaspora tourism services, curtailed by COVID-19 disruptions; unclear public loan portfolio health"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$23.794 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$22.333 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$23.025 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$21.226 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$22.08 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$19.166 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "3.34% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "5.22% (2022 est.)"
"text": "4.28% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "10.75% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-5.34% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$13,500 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$12,700 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$13,000 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$11,900 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$12,400 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$10,700 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$9.409 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$10.438 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "4.94% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "11.58% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "3.35% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "0.2% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"GDP - composition, by sector of origin": {
@ -623,7 +623,7 @@
"text": "mineral mining, construction materials, base metals, leather, machinery, appliances, foodstuffs and beverages, textiles"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "2.09% (2022 est.)",
"text": "1.56% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
@ -662,7 +662,7 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "3.8%"
"text": "3.8% (2017 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "24.6% (2017 est.)"
@ -670,15 +670,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "18.2% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "17.14% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "17.24% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "18.01% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "18.61% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -704,27 +704,27 @@
"text": "29% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$794.765 million (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$983.283 million (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$818.351 million (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$541.106 million (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$4.155 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$3.579 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$3.138 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$1.687 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -734,15 +734,15 @@
"text": "mattress materials, iron alloys, metal piping, scrap iron, building plastics, mineral water, seating (2021)"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$7.362 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$6.661 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$6.128 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$4.187 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -752,15 +752,15 @@
"text": "refined petroleum, cars, iron rods, electricity, cigars, packaged medicines (2021)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$1.245 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$1.248 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$1.244 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$1.095 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -775,6 +775,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.951 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -787,9 +790,6 @@
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>Kosovo, which is neither an EU member state nor a party to a formal EU monetary agreement, uses the euro as its de facto currency"
}
},
@ -969,7 +969,7 @@
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

104
europe/lg.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "64,589 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -656,55 +656,55 @@
"text": "high-income EU and eurozone member; economic contraction triggered by export decline and energy shocks; recovery driven by easing inflation, wage growth, and investments supported by EU funds; challenges from skilled labor shortages, capital market access, large informal sector, and green and digital transitions&nbsp;"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$71.154 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$62.005 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$71.355 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$59.991 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$69.308 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$56.207 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "-0.28% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "3.36% (2022 est.)"
"text": "2.95% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "6.73% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-3.51% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$37,800 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$33,000 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$38,000 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$31,800 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$36,800 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$29,600 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$40.932 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$43.627 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "8.94% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "17.31% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "3.28% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "0.22% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -758,23 +758,23 @@
"text": "processed foods, processed wood products, textiles, processed metals, pharmaceuticals, railroad cars, synthetic fibers, electronics"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-2.16% (2022 est.)",
"text": "0.71% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "970,000 (2022 est.)",
"text": "978,000 (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "6.53% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "6.81% (2022 est.)"
"text": "6.82% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "7.51% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "8.1% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -789,12 +789,12 @@
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "22.5% (2021 est.)",
"text": "22.5% (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "35.7 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "34.3 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -808,23 +808,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "2.5%"
"text": "2.6% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "27.5% (2020 est.)"
"text": "26.2% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "2.82% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "3.26% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "3.2% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "3.34% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "3.16% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -848,31 +848,31 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "21.92% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "22.79% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$1.752 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$1.937 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$1.579 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$1.017 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$27.947 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$29.374 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$25.43 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$20.932 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -884,15 +884,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$29.626 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$31.213 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$26.681 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$20.479 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -904,15 +904,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$4.957 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$4.46 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$5.491 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$5.29 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -927,6 +927,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -938,9 +941,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},

106
europe/lh.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "65,300 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -666,55 +666,55 @@
"text": "high-income EU and eurozone member, largest Baltic economy; growth stalled due to Ukraine war impact on energy, exports, and fiscal spending for defense and refugee support; rebound supported by EU fund-driven investments and reduced inflation; structural challenges include pension reform, labor market inefficiencies, health care, and education spending"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$132.712 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$113.139 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$133.159 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$110.444 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$129.987 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$103.913 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "-0.34% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "2.44% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "6.28% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-0.02% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$46,200 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$40,000 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$47,000 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$39,400 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$46,400 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$37,200 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$70.974 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$77.836 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "9.12% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "19.71% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "4.68% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "1.2% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -768,23 +768,23 @@
"text": "metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, televisions, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture, textiles, food processing, fertilizer, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, lasers, electronic components, computers, amber jewelry, information technology, video game development, app/software development, biotechnology"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "2.78% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-2.17% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "1.489 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "1.51 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "6.96% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "5.96% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "7.11% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "8.49% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -803,8 +803,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "36 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "36.7 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -818,23 +818,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "2.7%"
"text": "2.6% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "28.5% (2020 est.)"
"text": "29.1% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "1.25% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "1.04% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "1.16% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "1.39% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -849,43 +849,43 @@
"text": "0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2022": {
"text": "36.05% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2021": {
"text": "48.63% of GDP (2021 est.)"
"text": "48.21% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "53.31% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "42.6% of GDP (2019 est.)"
"text": "52.86% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "21.27% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "21.1% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$1.506 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$3.874 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$766.788 million (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$4.161 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$61.101 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$61.444 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$53.397 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$41.721 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -897,15 +897,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$58.104 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$62.853 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$50.377 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$36.414 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -917,15 +917,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$6.168 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$5.365 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$5.58 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$4.847 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -940,6 +940,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -951,9 +954,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},

116
europe/lo.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "49,035 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -556,7 +556,7 @@
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election first round 23 March 2024 with a runoff on 6 April 2024 (next to be held in 2029); following National Council elections (every 4 years), the president designates a prime minister candidate, usually the leader of the party or coalition that wins the most votes, who must win a vote of confidence in the National Council"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em><br>2024: </em>Peter PELLEGRINI elected president in the second round; percent of vote in first round - Ivan KORCOK (independent) 42.5%; Peter PELLEGRINI (Hlas-SD) 37%; Stefan HARABIN (independent) 11.7%, other 8.8%; percent of vote in second round Peter PELLEGRINI (Hlas-SD) 53.1%; Ivan KORCOK (independent) 46.9%<em>; </em>PELLEGRINI will takeoffice on 15 June 2024<em><br><br>2019:</em> Zuzana CAPUTOVA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 41.6%<br><br><em>2014:</em> Andrej KISKA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Andrej KISKA (independent) 59.4%, Robert FICO (Smer-SD) 40.6%"
"text": "<em><br>2024: </em>Peter PELLEGRINI elected president in the second round; percent of vote in first round - Ivan KORCOK (independent) 42.5%; Peter PELLEGRINI (Hlas-SD) 37%; Stefan HARABIN (independent) 11.7%, other 8.8%; percent of vote in second round Peter PELLEGRINI (Hlas-SD) 53.1%; Ivan KORCOK (independent) 46.9%<em><br><br>2019:</em> Zuzana CAPUTOVA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 41.6%"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -657,55 +657,55 @@
"text": "high-income EU- and eurozone-member economy; manufacturing and exports led by automotive sector; weakening of anti-corruption laws may impact foreign investment and status of EU funds; influx of foreign labor offsets aging workforce; widening fiscal deficit from social spending and EU-financed public investments&nbsp;"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$213.053 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$180.205 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$209.705 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$177.105 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$205.856 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$169.011 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "1.6% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "1.75% (2022 est.)"
"text": "1.87% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "4.79% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-3.34% (2020 est.)"
"text": "4.77% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$39,300 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$33,200 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$38,600 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$32,500 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$37,800 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$31,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$115.462 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$132.794 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "10.53% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "12.77% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "3.15% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "1.94% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -759,23 +759,23 @@
"text": "automobiles; metal and metal products; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals, synthetic fibers, wood and paper products; machinery; earthenware and ceramics; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products; food and beverages; pharmaceutical"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-0.4% (2022 est.)",
"text": "15.61% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "2.815 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "2.823 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "5.84% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "6.14% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "6.89% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "6.72% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -794,8 +794,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": {
"text": "23.2 (2019 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "24.1 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -809,23 +809,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "3.6%"
"text": "3.4% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "18.8% (2019 est.)"
"text": "19.2% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "1.69% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "1.86% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "2% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "2.05% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "2.31% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -840,43 +840,43 @@
"text": "-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2022": {
"text": "64.51% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2021": {
"text": "79.31% of GDP (2021 est.)"
"text": "78.84% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "78.41% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "63.15% of GDP (2019 est.)"
"text": "78.33% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "19.3% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "19.5% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$2.088 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$8.452 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$4.655 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$671.914 million (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$121.238 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$114.678 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$109.565 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$90.546 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -888,15 +888,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$118.869 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$120.622 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$109.265 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$88.214 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -908,15 +908,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$11.288 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$10.28 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$9.61 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$9.344 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -931,6 +931,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -942,9 +945,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "focused on the development of satellites, satellite subcomponents, and other space-related technologies; as a member state of the EU, it is actively involved in all key components of the EU space program, and Slovak researchers actively participate in a variety of EU and/or European Space Agency (ESA) space missions including the Galileo global navigational system program, Copernicus Earth observation satellite program, Rosetta comet probe, BepiColombo (Mercury planetary orbiter), and Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission; has more than 40 established companies actively involved in the space sector (2023)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

10
europe/ls.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "160 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -595,7 +595,7 @@
}
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$7.71 billion (2021 est.)",
"text": "$7.365 billion (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
@ -690,6 +690,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.898 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.955 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -701,9 +704,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.994 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.978 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},

106
europe/lu.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "2,586 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -642,55 +642,55 @@
"text": "high-income EU and eurozone economy; global, highly capitalized banking sector; one of highest GDP-per-capita countries; trending toward recovery after economic contraction from energy-driven inflation, reduced exports and investments, and financial sector weakness"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$88.533 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$76.901 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$89.514 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$75.854 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$88.295 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$70.78 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "-1.1% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "1.38% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "7.17% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-0.91% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$132,400 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$117,700 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$137,100 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$118,500 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$137,900 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$112,300 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$81.642 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$85.755 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "3.74% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "6.34% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "2.53% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "0.82% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -744,23 +744,23 @@
"text": "banking and financial services, construction, real estate services, iron, metals, and steel, information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation and logistics, chemicals, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum, tourism, biotechnology"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-7.47% (2022 est.)",
"text": "0.49% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "339,000 (2022 est.)",
"text": "352,000 (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "5.19% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "4.58% (2022 est.)"
"text": "4.59% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "5.25% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "6.77% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -775,33 +775,33 @@
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "17.4% (2021 est.)",
"text": "17.3% (2021 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "33.4 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "32.7 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "2.8%"
"text": "2.8% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "25% (2020 est.)"
"text": "24.6% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "2.72% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "2.68% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "2.72% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "2.84% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "3.15% of GDP (2020 est.)"
"text": "2.83% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
@ -826,31 +826,31 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "26.11% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "25.97% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$5.826 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "$6.168 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$6.819 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$6.357 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$176.133 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$172.145 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$184.932 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$150.519 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -862,15 +862,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$146.807 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$141.761 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$152.01 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$121.517 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -882,15 +882,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$2.977 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$2.874 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$2.921 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$1.119 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -905,6 +905,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -916,9 +919,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1148,7 +1148,7 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "aims to be the commercial space hub for Europe; LSA established largely to develop space policy, encourage and coordinate commercial space ventures, support space education, and to promote the country’s space-related capabilities internationally; has a national space strategy; has set up policy and funding initiatives (such as LuxIMPULSE) aimed at encouraging space research, development, innovation, and entrepreneurship and attracting space-based industries; focused on developing commercial satellites and infrastructure (Luxembourg is home to some of the largest commercial satellite companies in the world), as well as other space sector capabilities and technologies, such as autonomous vehicles, robotics, remote sensing (RS), communications, and software; member of the European Space Agency (ESA), participates in ESA programs, and cooperates with individual ESA and EU member states; also has relations with other foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Canada, China, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, the UAE, and the US (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

90
europe/md.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "33,851 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
"text": "landslides"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "landlocked; well endowed with various sedimentary rocks and minerals including sand, gravel, gypsum, and limestone"
"text": "landlocked; well-endowed with various sedimentary rocks and minerals including sand, gravel, gypsum, and limestone"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -650,55 +650,55 @@
"text": "upper middle-income Eastern European economy; sustained growth reversed by COVID-19; significant remittances; Russian energy and regional dependence; agricultural exporter; declining workforce due to emigration and low fertility"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$38.969 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$33.789 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$38.666 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$35.573 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$40.708 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$31.223 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "0.78% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "-5.02% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "13.93% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-8.28% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$15,700 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$13,300 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$15,200 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$13,700 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$15,700 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$11,800 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$14.508 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$16.539 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "13.42% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "28.74% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "5.11% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "3.77% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -746,23 +746,23 @@
"text": "sugar processing, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-10.43% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-11.74% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "1.486 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "1.464 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "1.62% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "0.91% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "0.79% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "1.21% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -788,7 +788,7 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "4.3%"
"text": "4.3% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "22.1% (2021 est.)"
@ -796,15 +796,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "12.27% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "14.04% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "15.48% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "16.27% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -836,27 +836,27 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$1.974 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$2.482 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$1.699 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$886.72 million (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$5.865 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$5.981 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$4.197 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$3.222 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -868,15 +868,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$9.867 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$10.265 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$7.915 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$5.918 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -888,15 +888,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$5.453 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$4.474 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$3.902 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$3.784 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -911,6 +911,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Moldovan lei (MDL) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "18.164 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "18.897 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -922,9 +925,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "17.573 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "16.802 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},

96
europe/mj.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "13,812 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -682,55 +682,55 @@
"text": "upper middle-income, small Balkan economy; uses euro as de facto currency; strong growth driven by tourism and consumption; new impetus for EU accession under Europe Now government; influx of affluent migrants from Russia and Ukraine; progress in fiscal position subject to risks from pension costs, debt service, and informal sector"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$17.115 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$13.646 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$16.149 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$12.824 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$15.177 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$11.344 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "5.98% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "6.41% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "13.04% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-15.31% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$27,800 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$22,100 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$26,200 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$20,700 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$24,500 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$18,300 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$6.23 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$7.405 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "8.58% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "13.04% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "2.41% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "-0.26% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -781,23 +781,23 @@
"text": "steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-5.2% (2022 est.)",
"text": "3.34% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "284,000 (2022 est.)",
"text": "286,000 (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "15.25% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "15.25% (2022 est.)"
"text": "15.29% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "16.54% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "17.88% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -816,8 +816,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": {
"text": "36.8 (2018 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "34.3 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -831,23 +831,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "1.8%"
"text": "2.1% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "26% (2018 est.)"
"text": "24.7% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "10.87% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "13.33% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "13.52% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "12.59% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -874,27 +874,27 @@
"text": "37.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$841.765 million (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$817.858 million (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$541.201 million (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$1.237 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$3.775 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$3.178 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$2.502 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$1.247 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -906,15 +906,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$5.163 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$4.614 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$3.637 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$2.917 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -926,15 +926,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$1.574 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$2.041 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$1.982 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$2.135 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -949,6 +949,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.951 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -961,9 +964,6 @@
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Montenegro, which is neither an EU member state nor a party to a formal EU monetary agreement, uses the euro as its de facto currency"
}
},

100
europe/mk.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "25,713 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -646,55 +646,55 @@
"text": "upper-middle-income European economy; recovering from energy-driven inflation; macroeconomic support from IMF and EU lending facilities; stalled progress on EU accession; fiscal consolidation hampered by deficit spending on public works; structural challenges of emigration, low productivity growth, and governance"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$42.444 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$35.245 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$42.012 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$34.505 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$41.099 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$32.704 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "1.03% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "2.15% (2022 est.)"
"text": "2.22% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "5.51% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-6.11% (2020 est.)"
"text": "4.51% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$23,400 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$17,100 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$22,900 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$16,700 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$22,400 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$15,800 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$13.563 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$14.761 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "9.36% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "14.2% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "3.23% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "1.2% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -745,22 +745,22 @@
"text": "food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, iron, steel, cement, energy, pharmaceuticals, automotive parts"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-4.33% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-1.07% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "916,000 (2022 est.)",
"text": "801,000 (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "13.08% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "14.43% (2022 est.)"
"text": "14.48% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "15.78% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "16.55% (2020 est.)"
"text": "15.8% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
@ -795,7 +795,7 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "1.9%"
"text": "1.9% (2019 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "22.9% (2019 est.)"
@ -803,15 +803,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "3.13% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "3.36% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "3.33% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "3.5% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "3.8% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -839,27 +839,27 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$99.23 million (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$864.777 million (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$374.85 million (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$360.444 million (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$10.748 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$10.126 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$9.208 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$7.19 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -871,15 +871,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$12.745 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$13.008 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$11.362 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$8.773 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -891,15 +891,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$5.015 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$4.12 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$4.129 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$4.126 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -914,6 +914,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Macedonian denars (MKD) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "56.947 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "58.574 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -925,9 +928,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "54.947 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "52.107 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

10
europe/mn.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "2 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -609,7 +609,7 @@
"text": "banking, insurance, tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "4.3% (2014 est.)",
"text": "-3.16% (2014 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
@ -683,6 +683,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -695,9 +698,6 @@
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>while not an EU member state, Monaco, due to its preexisting monetary and banking agreements with France, has a 1998 monetary agreement with the EU to produce limited euro coinage—but not banknotes—that began enforcement in January 2002 and superseded by a new EU agreement in 2012"
}
},

82
europe/mt.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "316 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
"text": "occasional droughts"
},
"Geography - note": {
"text": "the country comprises an archipelago, with only the three largest islands (Malta, Ghawdex or Gozo, and Kemmuna or Comino) inhabited; numerous bays provide good harbors; Malta and Tunisia are discussing oil exploration on the continental shelf between their countries, although no commercially viable reserves have been found as of 2017"
"text": "the country is an archipelago, with only the three largest islands (Malta, Ghawdex or Gozo, and Kemmuna or Comino) inhabited; numerous bays provide good harbors"
}
},
"People and Society": {
@ -633,55 +633,55 @@
"text": "high-income, EU-member European economy; diversified portfolio; euro user; dependent on food and energy imports; strong tourism, trade, and manufacturing sectors; high North African immigration; large welfare system; educated workforce"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$31.661 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$25.834 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$29.978 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$24.163 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$27.738 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$21.517 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "5.61% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "6.92% (2022 est.)"
"text": "8.08% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "12.3% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-8.08% (2020 est.)"
"text": "12.51% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$57,200 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$48,600 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$56,400 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$46,600 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$53,500 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$41,800 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$18.126 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$20.957 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "5.09% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "6.15% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "1.5% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "0.64% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -739,18 +739,18 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "295,000 (2022 est.)",
"text": "313,000 (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "3.13% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "2.92% (2022 est.)"
"text": "2.93% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "3.39% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "4.35% (2020 est.)"
"text": "3.4% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
@ -777,7 +777,7 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "3.1%"
"text": "3.1% (2020 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "25.1% (2020 est.)"
@ -785,15 +785,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "1.11% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "1.25% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "1.23% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "1.49% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "1.7% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -817,7 +817,7 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> Malta reports public debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of the year, according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty for general government gross debt; the data include the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); general government comprises the central, state, and local governments, and social security funds"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "23.77% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "23.37% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
@ -873,15 +873,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$1.223 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$1.199 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$1.149 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$930.464 million (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -896,6 +896,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -907,9 +910,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},

100
europe/nl.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "41,543 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -673,55 +673,55 @@
"text": "high-income, core EU- and eurozone-member economy; trade-oriented with strong services, logistics, and high tech sectors; exiting mild recession triggered by inflation and weak export demand; tight labor market; low deficits and manageable public debt; strong ratings for innovation, competitiveness, and business climate"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$1.24 trillion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$1.049 trillion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$1.238 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$1.005 trillion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$1.187 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$946.637 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "0.12% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "4.33% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "6.19% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-3.89% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$69,300 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$59,200 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$70,000 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$57,300 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$67,700 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$54,300 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$1.009 trillion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$1.118 trillion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "3.84% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "10% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "2.68% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "1.27% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -775,23 +775,23 @@
"text": "agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, fishing"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "2.84% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-2.02% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "9.794 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "9.999 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "3.56% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "3.52% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "4.21% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "3.82% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -810,8 +810,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "26 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "25.7 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -825,23 +825,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "3.6%"
"text": "3.6% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "21.6% (2020 est.)"
"text": "21.4% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "0.24% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "0.23% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "0.22% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.23% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -865,31 +865,31 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "24.35% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "24.11% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$112.952 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "$93.836 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$124.924 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$46.849 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$949.983 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$944.421 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$865.094 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$712.412 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -901,15 +901,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$825.799 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$835.47 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$749.324 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$620.63 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -921,15 +921,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$69.83 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$63.353 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$64.469 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$53.971 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -944,6 +944,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -955,9 +958,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1250,13 +1250,13 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has an active space program focused on the added value of space on science, the economy, and society, as well as the development of cutting edge space technologies and services based on satellite data; builds and operates satellites; researches and develops technologies related to astrophysics, telecommunications, remote sensing (RS), propulsion systems, atmospheric measuring instruments (such as spectrometers), planetary/exoplanetary research, and robotics; active member of the European Space Agency (ESA) and participates in the construction of ESA satellite launch vehicles (Arienne and VEGA) and in the ESA astronaut training program; participates in international space programs and with other foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Japan, the US, and members of the EU; has a robust commercial space sector tied in to the larger European space economy (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

104
europe/no.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "323,802 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -661,55 +661,55 @@
"text": "high-income, non-EU economy with trade links via European Economic Area (EEA); key European energy security role as leader in oil, gas, and electricity exports; major fishing, forestry, and extraction industries; oil sovereign fund supports generous welfare system; low unemployment; inflation and response hampering growth in non-energy sectors"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$499.528 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$368.139 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$496.973 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$356.457 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$482.472 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$343.082 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "0.51% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "3.28% (2022 est.)"
"text": "3.01% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "3.9% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-1.28% (2020 est.)"
"text": "3.91% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$90,500 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$67,500 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$91,100 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$65,900 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$89,200 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$63,800 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$579.422 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$485.513 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "5.52% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "5.76% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "3.48% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "1.29% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -763,23 +763,23 @@
"text": "petroleum and gas, shipping, fishing, aquaculture, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "0.61% (2022 est.)",
"text": "0.22% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "2.981 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "3.009 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "3.58% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "3.23% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "4.37% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "4.42% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -794,7 +794,7 @@
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "12.7% (2019 est.)",
"text": "12.2% (2021 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
@ -813,7 +813,7 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "3.4%"
"text": "3.4% (2019 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "22.4% (2019 est.)"
@ -821,15 +821,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "0.12% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "0.11% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "0.13% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.16% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -853,31 +853,31 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "25.08% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "31.27% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$86.368 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "$174.555 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$177.149 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$66.254 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$4.212 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$228.625 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$321.093 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$327.706 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$203.228 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$118.314 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -889,15 +889,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$157.032 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$156.892 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$161.645 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$140.331 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$121.662 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -909,15 +909,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$80.459 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$72.077 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$84.271 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$75.259 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -933,6 +933,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "10.563 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "9.614 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -944,9 +947,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "8.8 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "8.133 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1224,7 +1224,7 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has a broad and active space program coordinated with the European Space Agency (ESA) and the EU; jointly designs and builds satellites with foreign partners, including communications, remote sensing (RS), scientific, and navigational/positional; operates satellites; develops and launches sounding rockets; researches and produces a range of other space-related technologies, including satellite/space launch vehicle (SLV) and space station components, telescopes, and robotics; conducts solar and telecommunications research; participates in international space programs, such as the International Space Station; hosts training for Mars landing missions on the island of Svalbard; active member of the ESA and cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Canada, ESA/EU member states, Japan, Russia, and the US; has an active and advanced space industry that cooperates with both the NOSA and foreign space programs and produces a variety of space-related products, from terminals for satellite communications and technologies for RS satellites to sensors for gamma radiation in deep space (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

108
europe/pl.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "312,685 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -687,55 +687,55 @@
"text": "high-income, diversified, EU-member economy; significant growth in GDP, trade, and investment since joining EU in 2004; rebounding from slowdown triggered by inflation and fall in consumer demand; strong foreign investment supported by EU structural funds; income tax reform and defense spending have added to public debt"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$1.616 trillion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$1.388 trillion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$1.613 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$1.319 trillion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$1.527 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$1.233 trillion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "0.16% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "5.26% (2022 est.)"
"text": "5.64% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "6.93% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-2.02% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$44,100 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$37,700 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$43,800 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$34,900 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$40,500 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$32,500 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$688.125 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$811.229 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "11.53% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "14.43% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "5.06% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "3.37% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -789,23 +789,23 @@
"text": "machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "7.11% (2022 est.)",
"text": "0.55% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "18.301 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "18.387 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "2.91% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "2.89% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "3.36% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "3.16% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -824,8 +824,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": {
"text": "28.8 (2019 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "28.5 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -839,23 +839,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "3.4%"
"text": "3.4% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "23.1% (2019 est.)"
"text": "22.8% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "0.84% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "0.94% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "0.93% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "1.05% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "1.12% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -879,31 +879,31 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "19.15% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "17.27% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$12.689 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$16.697 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$8.515 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$14.764 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$469.264 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$434.008 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$392.694 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$318.967 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -915,15 +915,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$419.701 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$421.226 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$369.82 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$284.648 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -935,15 +935,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$193.783 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$166.664 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$166.03 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$154.219 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -958,6 +958,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "zlotych (PLN) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "4.204 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "4.458 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -969,9 +972,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "3.839 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "3.612 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1225,8 +1225,8 @@
}
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "approximately 120,000 active-duty personnel (65,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 15,000 Air Force; 3,000 Special Forces; 30,000 joint service/other); approximately 40,000 Territorial Defense Forces (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>in June 2019, the Polish Government approved a plan to increase the size of the military over a period of 10 years to over 200,000 troops, including doubling the size of the Territorial Defense Forces; in 2021, it announced further plans to increase the size of the military to over 300,000 personnel"
"text": "approximately 210,000 including air, ground, naval, special forces, and Territorial Defense Forces (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>a new national defense law in 2022 set a goal to double the size of Poland’s armed forces to 300,000 personnel, including 250,000 professional soldiers and 50,000 territorials"
},
"Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": {
"text": "the military's inventory consists of a mix of some Soviet-era and a growing amount of more modern, NATO-compatible, weapons systems; in recent years, the leading suppliers of armaments have included several European countries, South Korea, and the US; Poland has a large domestic defense sector that produces or provides upgrades to a wide variety of weapons systems, particularly ground systems such as tanks and other armored vehicles; it also cooperates with the European and US defense sectors (2023)",
@ -1250,13 +1250,13 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "space program is integrated within the framework of the European Space Agency (ESA); builds satellites, including nano/cube remote sensing (RS) and educational/scientific/technology satellites; researches and develops communications, RS, navigational, and other scientific applications for satellite payloads; creating infrastructure for receiving, storing, processing and distributing data from meteorological and environmental satellites; researches and develops other space-related technologies, including sensors and robotic probes for interplanetary landers, and launcher systems; participates in international space programs and cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Brazil, Canada, China, ESA/EU member states (particularly France, Germany, Italy), India, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, UK, and the US; has a growing commercial space sector with more than 300 active enterprises (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

102
europe/po.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "92,090 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -664,55 +664,55 @@
"text": "high-income EU and eurozone economy; strong services sector led by tourism and banking; tight labor market; private consumption and export recovery driving post-inflation rebound; EU Recovery and Resilience Plan (RRP) funds a key driver of public investment; high public debt but improving fiscal position"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$439.008 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$372.331 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$429.3 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$348.535 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$401.863 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$329.623 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "2.26% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "6.83% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "5.74% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-8.3% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$41,700 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$35,800 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$41,200 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$33,600 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$38,800 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$32,000 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$255.197 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$287.08 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "4.31% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "7.83% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "1.27% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "-0.01% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -766,23 +766,23 @@
"text": "textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper and pulp, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, automobiles and auto parts, base metals, minerals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine, other foodstuffs; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism, plastics, financial services, optics"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "1.84% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-1.13% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "5.296 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "5.419 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "6.49% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "6.01% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "6.58% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "6.8% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -801,8 +801,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "34.7 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "34.6 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -816,23 +816,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "2.4%"
"text": "2.8% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "26.9% (2020 est.)"
"text": "27.6% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "0.47% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "4.03% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "0.38% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "0.3% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.32% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -856,31 +856,31 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "22.01% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "23.05% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$3.974 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$3.108 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$2.987 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$2.292 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$136.589 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$126.541 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$105.648 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$85.128 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -892,15 +892,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$133.006 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$131.627 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$112.413 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$89.515 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -912,15 +912,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$35.243 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$32.232 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$32.535 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$29.46 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -935,6 +935,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -946,9 +949,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1216,13 +1216,13 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has a national space program which is is integrated within the framework of the European Space Agency (ESA); builds and operates satellites; researches and develops a range of space-related technologies with an emphasis on small/micro/nano satellites for remote sensing (RS), navigational, science/technology, and telecommunications, as well as satellite launch services; in addition to the ESA/EU and their member states, cooperates with the space agencies and industries of a variety of countries, including those of Algeria, Angola, Brazil, China, India, Japan, Morocco, South Korea, and the US, as well as such international organizations and projects as the Europe South Observatory (ESO) and the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Observatory project; one of the objectives of the country's national space strategy (Portugal Space 2030) is to increase the annual outcome of space related activities in the country to about $500 million by 2030 (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

102
europe/ri.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "77,474 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -584,7 +584,7 @@
"text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 17 December 2023 (next to be held in 2028); prime minister elected by the National Assembly"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em>2022:</em> Aleksandar VUCIC reelected in first round; percent of vote - Aleksandar VUCIC (SNS) 60%, Zdravko PONOS (US) 18.9%, Milos JOVANOVIC (NADA) 6.1%, Bosko OBRADOVIC (Dveri-POKS) 4.5%, Milica DJURDJEVIC STAMENKOVSKI (SSZ) 4.3%, other 6.2%<br><br><em>2017:</em> Aleksandar VUCIC elected president in first round; percent of vote - Aleksandar VUCIC (SNS) 55.1%, Sasa JANKOVIC (independent) 16.4%, Luka MAKSIMOVIC (independent) 9.4%, Vuk JEREMIC (independent) 5.7%, Vojislav SESELJ (SRS) 4.5%, other 7.3%, invalid/blank 1.6%; Prime Minister Ana BRNABIC reelected by the National Assembly on 5 October 2020; National Assembly vote - NA"
"text": "<em><br>2022:</em> Aleksandar VUCIC reelected in first round; percent of vote - Aleksandar VUCIC (SNS) 60%, Zdravko PONOS (US) 18.9%, Milos JOVANOVIC (NADA) 6.1%, Bosko OBRADOVIC (Dveri-POKS) 4.5%, Milica DJURDJEVIC STAMENKOVSKI (SSZ) 4.3%, other 6.2%<br><br><em>2017:</em> Aleksandar VUCIC elected president in first round; percent of vote - Aleksandar VUCIC (SNS) 55.1%, Sasa JANKOVIC (independent) 16.4%, Luka MAKSIMOVIC (independent) 9.4%, Vuk JEREMIC (independent) 5.7%, Vojislav SESELJ (SRS) 4.5%, other 7.3%, invalid/blank 1.6%; Prime Minister Ana BRNABIC reelected by the National Assembly on 5 October 2020; National Assembly vote - NA"
}
},
"Legislative branch": {
@ -686,55 +686,55 @@
"text": "upper middle-income Balkan economy; current EU accession candidate; hit by COVID-19; pursuing green growth development; manageable public debt; new anticorruption efforts; falling unemployment; historic Russian relations; energy import-dependent"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$162.213 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$139.193 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$158.214 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$135.732 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$154.28 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$125.997 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "2.53% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "2.55% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "7.73% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-0.9% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$24,500 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$20,900 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$23,700 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$19,900 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$22,600 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$18,300 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$63.563 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$75.187 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "12.37% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "11.98% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "4.09% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "1.58% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -788,23 +788,23 @@
"text": "automobiles, base metals, furniture, food processing, machinery, chemicals, sugar, tires, clothes, pharmaceuticals"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-0.06% (2022 est.)",
"text": "3.62% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "3.373 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "3.333 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "8.68% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "8.68% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "10.06% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "9.01% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -823,8 +823,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "35 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "33.1 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -838,23 +838,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "2.3%"
"text": "2.5% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "27.1% (2020 est.)"
"text": "25.9% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "7.68% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "8.81% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "8.97% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "7.29% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "7.25% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -878,31 +878,31 @@
}
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "20.61% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "25.11% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$1.954 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$4.457 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$2.654 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$2.177 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$44.343 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$39.905 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$34.035 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$25.5 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -914,15 +914,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$48.216 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$47.395 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$39.476 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$30.177 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -934,15 +934,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$27.569 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$20.68 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$18.617 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$16.587 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -957,6 +957,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Serbian dinars (RSD) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "108.403 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "111.662 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -968,9 +971,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "105.25 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "100.175 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1169,7 +1169,7 @@
},
"Military expenditures": {
"Military Expenditures 2023": {
"text": "2% of GDP (2023 est.)"
"text": "2.4% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Military Expenditures 2022": {
"text": "2.2% of GDP (2022 est.)"

114
europe/ro.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "238,391 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -675,55 +675,55 @@
"text": "high-income EU member economy; joined Schengen area as of March 2024; euro membership delayed over convergence criteria; persistent inflation but recovery driven by consumption and EU-funded investments; skilled labor shortage; regional economic disparities; fiscal reforms to address rising deficits"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$772.107 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$618.95 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$755.867 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$591.757 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$726.048 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$559.798 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "2.15% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "4.6% (2022 est.)"
"text": "4.11% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "5.71% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-3.68% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$40,500 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$32,500 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$39,700 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$30,900 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$38,000 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$29,100 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$300.691 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$351.003 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "10.4% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "13.8% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "5.05% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "2.63% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -777,23 +777,23 @@
"text": "electric machinery and equipment, auto assembly, textiles and footwear, light machinery, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining, mining, timber, construction materials"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "3.25% (2022 est.)",
"text": "1.15% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "8.296 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "8.282 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "5.6% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "5.61% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "5.59% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "5.03% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -812,8 +812,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "34.6 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "33.9 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -827,23 +827,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "1.7%"
"text": "1.9% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "24.2% (2020 est.)"
"text": "24% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "2.76% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "2.88% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "2.94% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "3.19% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "3.03% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -858,43 +858,43 @@
"text": "-2.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2022": {
"text": "50.45% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2021": {
"text": "55.57% of GDP (2021 est.)"
"text": "55.91% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "57.11% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "43.21% of GDP (2019 est.)"
"text": "57.3% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "14.96% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "16.02% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$24.487 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$27.326 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$20.627 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$12.535 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$137.337 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$129.286 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$115.879 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$93.024 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -906,15 +906,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$154.106 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$149.209 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$132.056 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$103.899 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -926,15 +926,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$73 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$55.81 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$51.886 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$52.191 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -949,6 +949,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "lei (RON) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "4.574 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "4.688 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -960,9 +963,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "4.238 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "3.942 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1251,13 +1251,13 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "space program is integrated into the European Space Agency (ESA) and dates back to the 1960s; program is involved in the development and production of a wide range of capabilities and technologies, including satellites, satellite/space launch vehicles (SLVs), remote sensing, human space flight, navigation, telecommunications, and other space-related applications; in addition to the ESA/EU and their member states (particularly Bulgaria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy), it cooperates with a variety of other space agencies and commercial space entities, including those of Azerbaijan, China, Japan, Russia, and the US; also participates in international programs; has an active space industry sector with over 50 entities involved in space-related activities (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

100
europe/si.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "20,273 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -654,55 +654,55 @@
"text": "high-income, EU and eurozone member economy; high per-capita income and low inequality; key exports in automotive and pharmaceuticals; tight labor market with low unemployment; growth supported by EU funds and reconstruction from 2023 floods; pressures over public sector wage demands"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$102.036 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$86.624 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$100.442 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$84.543 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$98.03 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$78.115 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "1.59% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "2.46% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "8.23% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-4.24% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$48,100 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$41,000 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$47,600 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$40,100 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$46,500 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$37,200 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$60.063 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$68.217 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "7.45% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "8.83% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "1.92% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "-0.05% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -756,22 +756,22 @@
"text": "ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-0.99% (2022 est.)",
"text": "3.8% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "1.056 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "1.055 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "3.63% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "4.01% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "4.74% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "4.99% (2020 est.)"
"text": "4.75% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
@ -787,12 +787,12 @@
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "12.1% (2021 est.)",
"text": "12.7% (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "24 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "24.3 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -806,23 +806,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "4.2%"
"text": "4.2% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "20.5% (2020 est.)"
"text": "20.7% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "1.34% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "1.37% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -846,31 +846,31 @@
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "18.27% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "18.14% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$3.057 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$617.374 million (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$2.073 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$3.882 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$57.489 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$56.51 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$51.662 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$41.855 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -882,15 +882,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$52.826 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$55.158 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$47.997 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$37 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -902,15 +902,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$2.37 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$2.268 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$2.267 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$1.311 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -925,6 +925,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -936,9 +939,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},

32
europe/sm.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "61 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -559,15 +559,15 @@
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$2.079 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$2.218 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$1.917 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$2.045 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2019": {
"text": "$2.053 billion (2019 est.)"
"text": "$2.19 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
@ -583,15 +583,15 @@
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$61,600 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$65,700 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$56,400 (2020 est.)"
"text": "$60,100 (2020 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2019": {
"text": "$60,100 (2019 est.)"
"text": "$64,100 (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$1.855 billion (2021 est.)",
@ -755,7 +755,7 @@
"Imports 2019": {
"text": "$2.315 billion (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
"text": "Italy 22%, Germany 20%, Poland 7%, Spain 7%, Netherlands 7% (2022)",
@ -766,15 +766,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$836.088 million (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$716.066 million (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$954.383 million (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$781.674 million (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -784,6 +784,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.951 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -796,9 +799,6 @@
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
},
"note": "<strong>note: </strong>while not an EU member state, San Marino, due to its preexisting monetary and banking agreements with Italy, has a 2000 monetary agreement with the EU to produce limited euro coinage—but not banknotes—that began enforcement in January 2002 and was superseded by a new EU agreement in 2012"
}
},

114
europe/sp.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "505,370 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -570,7 +570,7 @@
"text": "the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the monarch usually proposes as president the leader of the majority party or coalition, who is then indirectly elected by the Congress of Deputies; election last held on 23 July 2023 (next to be held on 31 July 2027); vice president and Council of Ministers appointed by the president"
},
"election results": {
"text": "Congress of Deputies vote - NA"
"text": "Congress of Deputies vote - 179 to 171 (16 November 2023)"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> there is also a Council of State that is the supreme consultative organ of the government, but its recommendations are non-binding"
},
@ -675,55 +675,55 @@
"text": "high-income core EU and eurozone economy; strong growth driven by public consumption, tourism, and other service exports; tight labor market despite high structural unemployment; government debt remains high amid deficit reductions; innovation and economic freedom ranked lower than EU and OECD peers"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$2.242 trillion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$1.922 trillion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$2.188 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$1.817 trillion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$2.068 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$1.708 trillion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "2.5% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "5.77% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "6.4% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-11.17% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$46,400 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$40,200 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$45,800 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$38,300 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$43,600 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$36,100 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$1.418 trillion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$1.581 trillion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "3.53% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "8.39% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "3.09% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "-0.32% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -777,23 +777,23 @@
"text": "textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, footwear, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "2.71% (2022 est.)",
"text": "1.94% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "23.687 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "24.108 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "12.14% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "12.92% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "14.78% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "15.53% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -808,12 +808,12 @@
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "20.4% (2021 est.)",
"text": "20.2% (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "34.9 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "33.9 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -827,23 +827,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "1.9%"
"text": "2.2% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "25% (2020 est.)"
"text": "24.7% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "0.31% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "0.3% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "0.27% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.23% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -858,43 +858,43 @@
"text": "-3.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2022": {
"text": "111.43% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2021": {
"text": "134.1% of GDP (2021 est.)"
"text": "134.02% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "140.27% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "112.05% of GDP (2019 est.)"
"text": "140.18% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "15.03% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "15.82% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$41.094 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "$8.095 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$10.893 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$8.229 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$615.83 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$578.039 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$493.359 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$393.87 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -906,15 +906,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$550.576 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$561.49 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$479.392 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$375.378 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -926,15 +926,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$103.089 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$92.905 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$92.201 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$81.288 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -949,6 +949,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.925 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.95 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -960,9 +963,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.893 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.847 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1264,13 +1264,13 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "space program is integrated into the European Space Agency (ESA) and dates back to the 1940s; manufactures and operates communications, remote sensing (RS), and scientific/technology satellites; has developed sounding rockets; conducts research and development in a broad range of space-related capabilities, including astrobiology, astronomy, imaging/RS, materials, meteorology, optics, propulsion, robotics, satellites (particularly micro- and nano-satellites), satellite systems and subsystems, satellite/space launch vehicles (SLVs), and space sciences; participates in ESA, EU, and other international programs; hosts the European Space Astronomy Center (ESOC) and the ESA’s Space Surveillance and Tracking Data Centre (ESAC); cooperates with foreign space agencies and industries, including those of ESA and EU member states and the US; has a considerable commercial space industry, which is involved in a wide range of space-related research, development, and production, including satellites and SLVs; the CDTI coordinates the activities of the commercial space sector (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); al-Qa’ida",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

2
europe/sv.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Arctic Region"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "62,045 sq km"
},
"land": {

122
europe/sw.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "450,295 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -665,55 +665,55 @@
"text": "high-income, largest Nordic economy; EU member but non-euro user; export-oriented led by automotive, electronics, machinery and pharmaceuticals; highly ranked for competitiveness, R&amp;D investments and governance; slowdown triggered by high inflation, weak consumption and financial tightening"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$676.353 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$580.099 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$677.682 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$564.124 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$660.102 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$531.455 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "-0.2% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "2.83% (2022 est.)"
"text": "2.66% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "6.15% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-2.17% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$64,200 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$55,300 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$64,600 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$54,200 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$63,400 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$51,300 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$591.189 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$593.268 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "8.55% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "8.37% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "2.16% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "0.5% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -767,23 +767,23 @@
"text": "iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "2.1% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-2.68% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "5.724 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "5.825 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "7.59% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "7.39% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "8.72% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "8.29% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -798,12 +798,12 @@
}
},
"Population below poverty line": {
"text": "16% (2021 est.)",
"text": "16.1% (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "28.9 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "29.8 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -817,23 +817,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "3%"
"text": "2.8% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "22.4% (2020 est.)"
"text": "22.7% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "0.62% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "0.56% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "0.49% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.57% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -848,43 +848,43 @@
"text": "1.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2022": {
"text": "36.25% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2021": {
"text": "40.48% of GDP (2021 est.)"
"text": "40.49% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "43.99% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "38.67% of GDP (2019 est.)"
"text": "44.02% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "27.21% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "27.11% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$40.073 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "$28.491 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$31.881 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$43.475 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$32.355 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$45.248 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$324.073 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$314.019 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$314.412 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$299.365 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$241.94 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -896,15 +896,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$296.796 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$296.552 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$298.253 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$268.334 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$217.165 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -916,15 +916,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$60.863 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$64.289 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$62.053 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$58.26 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -939,6 +939,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Swedish kronor (SEK) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "10.61 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "10.114 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -950,9 +953,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "9.458 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "8.693 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1237,13 +1237,13 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "member of the European Space Agency (ESA) and program is integrated within the framework of the ESA; produces and operates satellites; builds and launches sounding rockets; involved in the research, development, production, and operations of a wide variety of other space-related areas and capabilities, including astronomy, atmospheric monitoring, geographic information systems, infrared imaging, meteorology, propulsion systems, remote sensing, satellite subsystems, spacecraft systems and structures, space physics, scientific research, stratospheric balloons, and telecommunications; conducts extensive bilateral and multilateral international cooperation, in particular through the ESA and EU and their member states, as well as with the US; has a robust commercial space industry involved in a broad range of space-related capabilities (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

122
europe/sz.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "41,277 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
"text": "president and vice president elected by the Federal Assembly from among members of the Federal Council for a 1-year, non-consecutive term; election last held on 13 December 2023 (next to be held in December 2024)"
},
"election results": {
"text": "<em>2023:  </em>Viola AMHERD elected president for 2024; Federal Assembly vote - Viola AMHERD (The Center) 158 of 204; Karin Keller-Sutter (FDP.The Liberals) elected vice president for 2024; Federal Assembly vote - 138 of 196<br><br><em>2022:  </em>Alain BERSET elected president for 2023; Federal Assembly vote - Alain BERSET (SP) 140 OF 181; Viola AMHERD elected vice president; Federal assembly vote - 207 of 223 <em><br><br></em><br><br> <p> </p>"
"text": "<em><br>2023:  </em>Viola AMHERD elected president for 2024; Federal Assembly vote - Viola AMHERD (The Center) 158 of 204; Karin Keller-Sutter (FDP.The Liberals) elected vice president for 2024; Federal Assembly vote - 138 of 196<br><br><em>2022:  </em>Alain BERSET elected president for 2023; Federal Assembly vote - Alain BERSET (SP) 140 OF 181; Viola AMHERD elected vice president; Federal assembly vote - 207 of 223"
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> the Federal Council, comprised of 7 federal councillors, constitutes the federal government of Switzerland; council members rotate the 1-year term of federal president"
},
@ -667,55 +667,55 @@
"text": "high-income, non-EU European economy; top ten in GDP per capita; renowned banking and financial hub; low unemployment and inflation; slowed GDP growth post-pandemic; highly skilled but aging workforce; key pharmaceutical and precision manufacturing exporter; leader in innovation and competitiveness indices"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$733.779 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$634.296 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$728.562 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$618.413 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$710.319 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$586.775 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "0.72% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "2.57% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "5.39% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-2.14% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$82,900 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$72,300 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$83,000 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$71,000 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$81,600 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$67,900 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$818.427 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$884.94 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "2.14% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "2.84% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "0.58% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "-0.73% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -769,23 +769,23 @@
"text": "machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments, tourism, banking, insurance, pharmaceuticals"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "4.63% (2022 est.)",
"text": "-1.66% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "4.968 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "4.991 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "4.05% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "4.3% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "5.1% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "4.82% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -804,8 +804,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": {
"text": "33.1 (2018 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "33.7 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -819,22 +819,22 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "2.9%"
"text": "2.9% (2020 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "25.8% (2018 est.)"
"text": "26.4% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "0.28% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "0.32% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "0.38% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "0.34% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.38% of GDP (2020 est.)"
"text": "0.39% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
@ -851,42 +851,42 @@
"text": "1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2022": {
"text": "17.8% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2021": {
"text": "19.99% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "20.85% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "18.95% of GDP (2019 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "10.09% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "9.1% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "$67.821 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "$81.231 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$77.245 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "$72.055 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$2.451 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$56.091 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$661.628 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$627.54 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$627.788 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$579.017 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$474.042 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$579.011 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
@ -899,14 +899,14 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$554.358 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$518.451 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$516.517 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$481.093 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$429.875 billion (2020 est.)"
"text": "$481.27 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
@ -919,15 +919,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$863.892 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$923.628 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$1.11 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$1.083 trillion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -942,6 +942,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.898 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.955 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -953,9 +956,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.994 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.978 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1205,7 +1205,7 @@
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

116
europe/uk.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "243,610 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -662,55 +662,55 @@
"text": "high-income, diversified, non-EU European economy; global financial center and dominant service sector; sluggish growth from stringent monetary policy, reduced business investment, low productivity and participation rates, and post-Brexit trade frictions; fiscal austerity in face of high public debt&nbsp;"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$3.7 trillion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$3.187 trillion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$3.696 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$3.054 trillion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$3.542 trillion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$2.81 trillion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "0.1% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "4.35% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "8.67% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-10.36% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$54,100 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$47,600 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$54,500 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$45,600 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$52,800 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$41,900 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$3.089 trillion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$3.34 trillion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "6.79% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "7.92% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "2.52% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "0.99% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -764,23 +764,23 @@
"text": "machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-0.95% (2022 est.)",
"text": "0.14% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "34.376 million (2022 est.)",
"text": "35.275 million (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
"Unemployment rate 2023": {
"text": "4.06% (2023 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2022": {
"text": "3.73% (2022 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2021": {
"text": "4.83% (2021 est.)"
},
"Unemployment rate 2020": {
"text": "4.47% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of labor force seeking employment"
},
"Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": {
@ -799,8 +799,8 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % of population with income below national poverty line"
},
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": {
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": {
"text": "32.6 (2020 est.)"
"Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": {
"text": "32.4 (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality"
},
@ -814,23 +814,23 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "3%"
"text": "3% (2021 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "25% (2020 est.)"
"text": "25% (2021 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "0.12% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "0.13% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "0.11% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "0.12% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -845,43 +845,43 @@
"text": "-1.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)"
},
"Public debt": {
"Public debt 2022": {
"text": "142.28% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2021": {
"text": "185.35% of GDP (2021 est.)"
"text": "186.85% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2020": {
"text": "195.88% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"Public debt 2019": {
"text": "160.34% of GDP (2019 est.)"
"text": "196.61% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "26.22% (of GDP) (2021 est.)",
"text": "27.3% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$110.393 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "-$101.738 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "-$100.436 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$14.886 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "-$78.217 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$1.075 trillion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$1.024 trillion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$1.029 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$929.185 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$802.02 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -893,15 +893,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$1.116 trillion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$1.112 trillion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$1.115 trillion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$933.904 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$786.95 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -913,15 +913,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$177.915 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$176.41 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$194.181 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$180.054 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -936,6 +936,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "British pounds (GBP) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "0.805 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "0.811 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -947,9 +950,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "0.783 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "0.75 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1265,13 +1265,13 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "has a comprehensive space program and is active across all areas of the space sector outside of launching humans into space, including satellite/space launch vehicles (SLVs)/rockets and their components, space probes, satellites and satellite subcomponents, space sensors, spaceports, and various other space-related technologies; as a founding member of the European Space Agency (ESA), it is heavily involved in ESA programs and has bi-lateral relations with many members; is a close partner of the US NASA and since 2016 has forged over 350 relationships with international organizations across nearly 50 developing countries; has a large commercial space sector that produces SLVs, SLV components, satellites, satellite subcomponents and sensors, and other space-related technologies; the UK has a space industrial plan, and the UKSA has provided funding to encourage and support commercial space projects (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Terrorism": {
"Terrorist group(s)": {
"text": "Continuity Irish Republican Army; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); New Irish Republican Army; al-Qa'ida",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

93
europe/up.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "AsiaEurope"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "603,550 sq km"
},
"land": {
@ -675,55 +675,55 @@
"text": "lower- middle-income, non-EU Eastern European economy; key wheat and corn exporter; gradual recovery after 30% GDP contraction at start of war; damage to infrastructure and agriculture balanced by consumer and business resilience; international aid has stabilized foreign exchange reserves, allowing managed currency float; continued progress on anti-corruption reforms"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": {
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": {
"text": "$559.981 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022": {
"text": "$379.893 billion (2022 est.)"
"text": "$531.796 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021": {
"text": "$535.815 billion (2021 est.)"
"text": "$746.471 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020": {
"text": "$517.968 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"Real GDP growth rate": {
"Real GDP growth rate 2023": {
"text": "5.3% (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2022": {
"text": "-29.1% (2022 est.)"
"text": "-28.76% (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2021": {
"text": "3.45% (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP growth rate 2020": {
"text": "-3.75% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency"
},
"Real GDP per capita": {
"Real GDP per capita 2023": {
"text": "$16,200 (2023 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2022": {
"text": "$10,700 (2022 est.)"
"text": "$15,000 (2022 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2021": {
"text": "$12,900 (2021 est.)"
"text": "$18,000 (2021 est.)"
},
"Real GDP per capita 2020": {
"text": "$12,400 (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2017 dollars"
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in 2021 dollars"
},
"GDP (official exchange rate)": {
"text": "$160.503 billion (2022 est.)",
"text": "$178.757 billion (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> data in current dollars at official exchange rate"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices)": {
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2023": {
"text": "12.85% (2023 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022": {
"text": "20.18% (2022 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021": {
"text": "9.36% (2021 est.)"
},
"Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020": {
"text": "2.73% (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change based on consumer prices"
},
"Credit ratings": {
@ -777,11 +777,11 @@
"text": "industrial machinery, ferrous and nonferrous metals, automotive and aircraft components, electronics, chemicals, textiles, mining, construction"
},
"Industrial production growth rate": {
"text": "-43.15% (2022 est.)",
"text": "8.61% (2023 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency"
},
"Labor force": {
"text": "20.3 million (2021 est.)",
"text": "20.312 million (2021 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work"
},
"Unemployment rate": {
@ -827,7 +827,7 @@
},
"Household income or consumption by percentage share": {
"lowest 10%": {
"text": "4.3%"
"text": "4.3% (2020 est.)"
},
"highest 10%": {
"text": "21.8% (2020 est.)"
@ -835,15 +835,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population"
},
"Remittances": {
"Remittances 2023": {
"text": "8.46% of GDP (2023 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2022": {
"text": "10.41% of GDP (2022 est.)"
"text": "10.36% of GDP (2022 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2021": {
"text": "9.04% of GDP (2021 est.)"
},
"Remittances 2020": {
"text": "9.71% of GDP (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities"
},
"Budget": {
@ -870,31 +870,31 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government debt as a % of GDP"
},
"Taxes and other revenues": {
"text": "16.85% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"text": "16.69% (of GDP) (2022 est.)",
"note": "<b>note:</b> central government tax revenue as a % of GDP"
},
"Current account balance": {
"Current account balance 2023": {
"text": "-$9.209 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2022": {
"text": "$7.972 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2021": {
"text": "-$3.882 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Current account balance 2020": {
"text": "$5.267 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars"
},
"Exports": {
"Exports 2023": {
"text": "$51.093 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Exports 2022": {
"text": "$57.517 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Exports 2021": {
"text": "$81.504 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Exports 2020": {
"text": "$60.707 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Exports - partners": {
@ -906,15 +906,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five export commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Imports": {
"Imports 2023": {
"text": "$88.488 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Imports 2022": {
"text": "$83.254 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Imports 2021": {
"text": "$84.175 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Imports 2020": {
"text": "$63.085 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars"
},
"Imports - partners": {
@ -926,15 +926,15 @@
"note": "<b>note:</b> top five import commodities based on value in dollars"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": {
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023": {
"text": "$40.51 billion (2023 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022": {
"text": "$28.506 billion (2022 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021": {
"text": "$30.967 billion (2021 est.)"
},
"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020": {
"text": "$29.138 billion (2020 est.)"
},
"note": "<b>note:</b> holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars"
},
"Debt - external": {
@ -949,6 +949,9 @@
"Currency": {
"text": "hryvnia (UAH) per US dollar -"
},
"Exchange rates 2023": {
"text": "36.574 (2023 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2022": {
"text": "32.342 (2022 est.)"
},
@ -960,9 +963,6 @@
},
"Exchange rates 2019": {
"text": "25.846 (2019 est.)"
},
"Exchange rates 2018": {
"text": "27.2 (2018 est.)"
}
}
},
@ -1249,7 +1249,8 @@
},
"Military Expenditures 2017": {
"text": "3.1% of GDP (2017 est.)"
}
},
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> since Russia's invasion of the country in early 2022, defense spending has increased to more than 25% of GDP according to some estimates"
},
"Military and security service personnel strengths": {
"text": "at least 700,000 under arms, including the Armed Forces, Territorial Defense Forces, National Guard, and State Border Guard (2022)",
@ -1275,7 +1276,7 @@
},
"Space program overview": {
"text": "SSAU/NSAU inherited a large and well-developed space program when it took over all of the former Soviet defense/space industrial industry that was located on the territory of Ukraine upon the country’s declaration of independence in 1991; prior to the 2014 Russia takeover of Crimea and support for separatists in Ukraine’s Donbas region, Ukraine’s space efforts largely provided support to the Russian space program, including the production of satellite/space launch vehicles (SLVs)/rocket carriers and their components; today, it develops and produces SLVs/rocket carriers, spacecraft, satellites, and satellite sub-components both independently and jointly with numerous foreign space agencies and private space industry companies, including those of Brazil, Canada, China, the European Space Agency (ESA) and its member states (particularly Italy and Poland), Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia (curtailed after 2014), Turkey, and the US; prior to the full scale Russian invasion in February 2022, Ukraine was producing more than 100 SLVs, SLV stages, or SLV engines annually, and since 1991, over 160 rockets and more than 370 spacecraft had been manufactured by Ukraine or produced with its participation; as of 2022, SSAU had 16,000 employees and controlled 20 state-run corporations in Ukraine's “space cluster,” a region between the cities of Dnipro, Kharkiv, and Kyiv (note – Dnipro, known as Ukraine's “Rocket City,” was one of the Soviet Union’s main centers for space, nuclear, and military industries and played a crucial role in the development and manufacture of both civilian and military rockets); in 2019, the Ukrainian Parliament began allowing private companies to engage in space endeavors, including launching rockets into space and allowing companies to negotiate with foreign companies without the state’s approval; previously, only state-owned companies could do so (2024)",
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S"
"note": "<strong>note:</strong> further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide"
}
},
"Transnational Issues": {

2
europe/vt.json
View file

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
"text": "Europe"
},
"Area": {
"total": {
"total ": {
"text": "0 sq km"
},
"land": {