diff --git a/africa/ag.json b/africa/ag.json index a5143f7e..5c0ff874 100644 --- a/africa/ag.json +++ b/africa/ag.json @@ -508,6 +508,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 5 July (1962); Revolution Day, 1 November (1954)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of French civil law and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials including several Supreme Court justices" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved by referendum 1 November 2020" @@ -516,9 +519,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or through the president with the support of three fourths of the members of both houses of Parliament in joint session; passage requires approval by both houses, approval by referendum, and promulgation by the president; the president can forego a referendum if the Constitutional Council determines the proposed amendment does not conflict with basic constitutional principles; articles including the republican form of government, the integrity and unity of the country, and fundamental citizens’ liberties and rights cannot be amended; amended 2002, 2008, 2016; last in 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of French civil law and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials including several Supreme Court justices" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -778,14 +778,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "5.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2011": { - "text": "27.6 (2011 est.)" - } - }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { "text": "37.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" @@ -794,14 +786,6 @@ "text": "1% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "2.8%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "26.8% (1995)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "0.74% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -822,16 +806,10 @@ "text": "$64.728 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-9.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "27.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "20.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1205,7 +1183,7 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 2 Watch list — update pending (2024)" + "text": "Tier 2 Watch list — Algeria does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so, therefore Algeria was upgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/algeria/" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/africa/ao.json b/africa/ao.json index 722270ff..38b072bb 100644 --- a/africa/ao.json +++ b/africa/ao.json @@ -133,7 +133,8 @@ "text": "Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, Mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Portuguese 71.2% (official), Umbundu 23%, Kikongo 8.2%, Kimbundu 7.8%, Chokwe 6.5%, Nhaneca 3.4%, Nganguela 3.1%, Fiote 2.4%, Kwanhama 2.3%, Muhumbi 2.1%, Luvale 1%, other 3.6%; note - data represent most widely spoken languages; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census (2014 est.)" + "text": "Portuguese 71.2% (official), Umbundu 23%, Kikongo 8.2%, Kimbundu 7.8%, Chokwe 6.5%, Nhaneca 3.4%, Nganguela 3.1%, Fiote 2.4%, Kwanhama 2.3%, Muhumbi 2.1%, Luvale 1%, other 3.6%  (2014 est.)", + "note": "note: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census" }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 41.1%, Protestant 38.1%, other 8.6%, none 12.3% (2014 est.)" @@ -513,6 +514,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 11 November (1975)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1975, 1992; latest passed by National Assembly 21 January 2010, adopted 5 February 2010" @@ -521,9 +525,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly subject to prior Constitutional Court review if requested by the president of the republic" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -838,15 +839,9 @@ "text": "$17.244 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "65% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "75.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/bc.json b/africa/bc.json index b1798f53..519520b7 100644 --- a/africa/bc.json +++ b/africa/bc.json @@ -518,6 +518,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day (Botswana Day), 30 September (1966)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil law influenced by the Roman-Dutch model and also customary and common law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1960 (pre-independence); latest adopted March 1965, effective 30 September 1966" @@ -526,9 +529,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires approval in two successive Assembly votes with at least two-thirds majority in the final vote; proposals to amend constitutional provisions on fundamental rights and freedoms, the structure and branches of government, and public services also requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and assent by the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2021" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law influenced by the Roman-Dutch model and also customary and common law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -829,19 +829,10 @@ "text": "$6.006 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2020": { "text": "19.62% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "16.19% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2018": { - "text": "15.23% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/bn.json b/africa/bn.json index fe9d06d6..5cd7a397 100644 --- a/africa/bn.json +++ b/africa/bn.json @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ "text": "Fon and related 38.4%, Adja and related 15.1%, Yoruba and related 12%, Bariba and related 9.6%, Fulani and related 8.6%, Ottamari and related 6.1%, Yoa-Lokpa and related 4.3%, Dendi and related 2.9%, other 0.9%, foreigner 1.9% (2013 est.)" }, "Languages": { - "text": "55 languages; French (official); Fon (a Gbe language), Yom (a Gur language) and Yoruba are the most important indigenous languages in the south; half a dozen regionally important languages in the north, including Bariba (once counted as a Gur language) and Fulfulde" + "text": "55 languages; French (official); Fon (a Gbe language), Yom (a Gur language) and Yoruba are the most important indigenous languages in the south; half a dozen regionally important languages in the north, including Bariba and Fulfulde" }, "Religions": { "text": "Muslim 27.7%, Roman Catholic 25.5%, Protestant 13.5% (Celestial 6.7%, Methodist 3.4%, other Protestant 3.4%), Vodoun 11.6%, other Christian 9.5%, other traditional religions 2.6%, other 2.6%, none 5.8% (2013 est.)" @@ -535,6 +535,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 1 August (1960)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system modeled largely on the French system and some customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1946, 1958 (preindependence); latest adopted by referendum 2 December 1990, promulgated 11 December 1990" @@ -543,9 +546,6 @@ "text": "proposed concurrently by the president of the republic (after a decision in the Council of Ministers) and the National Assembly; consideration of drafts or proposals requires at least three-fourths majority vote of the Assembly membership; passage requires approval in a referendum unless approved by at least four-fifths majority vote of the Assembly membership; constitutional articles affecting territorial sovereignty, the republican form of government, and secularity of Benin cannot be amended; amended 2019" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system modeled largely on the French system and some customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -851,15 +851,9 @@ "text": "$2.101 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "54.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "49.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1203,6 +1197,11 @@ } }, "Transnational Issues": { + "Trafficking in persons": { + "tier rating": { + "text": "Tier 2 Watch list — Benin did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period and was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/benin/" + } + }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

a significant transit and departure country for cocaine shipments in Africa destined for Europe

" } diff --git a/africa/by.json b/africa/by.json index 20186b92..d53e03df 100644 --- a/africa/by.json +++ b/africa/by.json @@ -543,6 +543,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 1 July (1962)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of Belgian civil law and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous, ratified by referendum 28 February 2005" @@ -551,9 +554,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic after consultation with the government or by absolute majority support of the membership in both houses of Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Senate membership and at least four-fifths majority vote by the National Assembly; the president can opt to submit amendment bills to a referendum; constitutional articles including those on national unity, the secularity of Burundi, its democratic form of government, and its sovereignty cannot be amended; amended 2018 (amendments extended the presidential term from 5 to 7 years, reintroduced the position of prime minister, and reduced the number of vice presidents from 2 to 1)" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Belgian civil law and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; withdrew from ICCt in October 2017" }, @@ -795,10 +795,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "64.9% (2013 est.)", - "note": "note: % of population with income below national poverty line" - }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2020": { "text": "37.5 (2020 est.)" @@ -834,15 +830,9 @@ "text": "$1.111 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "51.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "48.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/cd.json b/africa/cd.json index c800ed38..c56870eb 100644 --- a/africa/cd.json +++ b/africa/cd.json @@ -545,6 +545,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 11 August (1960)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted by National Transitional Council 27 June 2023, approved by referendum 17 December, verified by Chad Supreme Court 28 December, promulgated 1 January 2024" @@ -553,9 +556,6 @@ "text": "previous process: proposed as a revision by the president of the republic after a Council of Ministers (cabinet) decision or by the National Assembly; approval for consideration of a revision requires at least three-fifths majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires approval by referendum or at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -850,15 +850,9 @@ "text": "$2.12 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "52.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "52.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1138,7 +1132,7 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — update pending (2024) " + "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Chad does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so, therefore Chad was upgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/chad/" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/africa/cf.json b/africa/cf.json index fe16f5cc..f900edc5 100644 --- a/africa/cf.json +++ b/africa/cf.json @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "French (official), French Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread)" + "text": "French (official), French Lingala and Monokutuba (trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Buku oyo ya bosembo ya Mokili Mobimba Ezali na Makanisi ya Liboso Mpenza. (Lingala)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -554,6 +554,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 15 August (1960)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of French civil law and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved by referendum 25 October 2015" @@ -562,9 +565,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; passage of presidential proposals requires Supreme Court review followed by approval in a referendum; such proposals may also be submitted directly to Parliament, in which case passage requires at least three-quarters majority vote of both houses in joint session; proposals by Parliament require three-fourths majority vote of both houses in joint session; constitutional articles including those affecting the country’s territory, republican form of government, and secularity of the state are not amendable" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of French civil law and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -827,22 +827,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "40.9% (2011 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2011": { - "text": "48.9 (2011 est.)" - } - }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "2.1%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "37.1% (2005)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "0.02% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -863,15 +847,9 @@ "text": "$2.628 billion (2018 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "130.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "128.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1231,7 +1209,7 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — The Republic of the Congo does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; the government trained law enforcement officials on the anti-trafficking law and issued six decrees to protect Indigenous People from trafficking; however, officials did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared with the previous reporting period, on its anti-trafficking capacity; no investigations, prosecutions, or convictions of traffickers occurred; no reports identified victims for the third consecutive year; the government did not take any proactive measures to address alleged official complicity in trafficking, and the lack of a national anti-trafficking task force hindered overall efforts; therefore, the Republic of the Congo was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (2023)" + "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore the Republic of the Congo remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/republic-of-the-congo/" } } } diff --git a/africa/cg.json b/africa/cg.json index d61ce682..67b68d99 100644 --- a/africa/cg.json +++ b/africa/cg.json @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba" + "text": "French (official), Lingala (a trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Buku oyo ya bosembo ya Mokili Mobimba Ezali na Makanisi ya Liboso Mpenza. (Lingala)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -568,6 +568,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 30 June (1960)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system primarily based on Belgian law, but also customary and tribal law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 13 May 2005, approved by referendum 18-19 December 2005, promulgated 18 February 2006" @@ -576,9 +579,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by either house of Parliament, or by public petition; agreement on the substance of a proposed bill requires absolute majority vote in both houses; passage requires a referendum only if both houses in joint meeting fail to achieve three-fifths majority vote; constitutional articles, including the form of government, universal suffrage, judicial independence, political pluralism, and personal freedoms, cannot be amended; amended 2011" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system primarily based on Belgian law, but also customary and tribal law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -879,18 +879,9 @@ "text": "$6.382 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "15.99% of GDP (2022 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "18.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "19.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/cm.json b/africa/cm.json index 0a242e45..7e0382ab 100644 --- a/africa/cm.json +++ b/africa/cm.json @@ -561,6 +561,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "State Unification Day (National Day), 20 May (1972)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, French civil law, and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest effective 18 January 1996" @@ -569,9 +572,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; amendment drafts require approval of at least one third of the membership in either house of Parliament; passage requires absolute majority vote of the Parliament membership; passage of drafts requested by the president for a second reading in Parliament requires two-thirds majority vote of its membership; the president can opt to submit drafts to a referendum, in which case passage requires a simple majority; constitutional articles on Cameroon’s unity and territorial integrity and its democratic principles cannot be amended; amended 2008" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, French civil law, and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (no term limits); election last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2025); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "election results": { - "text": "2018: Paul BIYA reelected president; percent of vote - Paul BIYA (CPDM) 71.3%, Maurice KAMTO (MRC) 14.2%, Cabral LIBII (Univers) 6.3%, other 8.2% (2018)" + "text": "
2018: Paul BIYA reelected president; percent of vote - Paul BIYA (CPDM) 71.3%, Maurice KAMTO (MRC) 14.2%, Cabral LIBII (Univers) 6.3%, other 8.2%

2011: Paul BIYA reelected president; percent of vote - Paul BIYA (CPDM) 78.0%, John FRU NDI (SDF) 10.7%, Garga Haman ADJI 3.2%, other 8.1% (2018)" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -887,15 +887,9 @@ "text": "$7.405 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "36.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "32.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/cn.json b/africa/cn.json index 038ccf6d..70f13716 100644 --- a/africa/cn.json +++ b/africa/cn.json @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ "text": "Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (official; similar to Swahili) (Comorian)" + "text": "Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (official; similar to Swahili), Comorian" }, "Religions": { "text": "Muslim 98.1% (overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim, small Shia Muslim and Ahmadiyya Muslim populations), ethnic religionist 1.1%, Christian 0.6%, other 0.3% (2020 est.)", @@ -480,6 +480,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 6 July (1975)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic religious law, the French civil code of 1975, and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1996, 2001; newest adopted 30 July 2018" @@ -489,9 +492,6 @@ }, "note": "note: a referendum held on 30 July 2018 - boycotted by the opposition - overwhelmingly approved a new constitution that allows for 2 consecutive 5-year presidential terms while retaining the rotating presidency within the islands" }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic religious law, the French civil code of 1975, and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -649,10 +649,7 @@ "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { "text": "1.8% (2016 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2013": { - "text": "-4.29% (2013 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: annual % change based on consumer prices" + "note": "note: annual % change based on consumer prices" }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { @@ -724,10 +721,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "42.4% (2013 est.)", - "note": "note: % of population with income below national poverty line" - }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { "text": "45.3 (2014 est.)" @@ -763,15 +756,9 @@ "text": "$228 million (2018 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "32.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "27.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/ct.json b/africa/ct.json index f6417344..74771ab6 100644 --- a/africa/ct.json +++ b/africa/ct.json @@ -527,6 +527,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Republic Day, 1 December (1958)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the French model" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest constitution passed by a national referendum on 30 July 2023 and validated by the Constitutional Court on 30 August 2023; note - the new constitution was proposed by President Faustin-Archange Touadéra, extended the presidential term from 5 to 7 years, removed term limits, and will allow President Touadéra to run again in 2025; opposition parties denounced the changes, claiming they were created to facilitate a \"life precedency\" for Touadéra" @@ -535,9 +538,6 @@ "text": "proposals require support of the government, two thirds of the National Council of Transition, and assent by the \"Mediator of the Central African\" crisis; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote by the National Council membership; non-amendable constitutional provisions include those on the secular and republican form of government, fundamental rights and freedoms, amendment procedures, or changes to the authorities of various high-level executive, parliamentary, and judicial officials" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the French model" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -828,15 +828,9 @@ "text": "$385 million (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "52.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "56% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1121,6 +1115,11 @@ "IDPs": { "text": "490,868 (clashes between army and rebel groups since 2005; tensions between ethnic groups) (2023)" } + }, + "Trafficking in persons": { + "tier rating": { + "text": "Tier 2 Watch list — The Central African Republic did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period and was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/central-african-republic/" + } } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/cv.json b/africa/cv.json index a687e879..33a30cc8 100644 --- a/africa/cv.json +++ b/africa/cv.json @@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ "text": "Creole (Mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Portuguese (official), Crioulo (a Portuguese-based Creole language with two main dialects spoken in Cabo Verde and in the Cabo Verdean diaspora worldwide)" + "text": "Portuguese (official), Crioulo (a Portuguese-based creole language with two main dialects)" }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 72.5%, Protestant 4% (includes Adventist 1.9%, Nazarene 1.8%, Assembly of God 0.2%, God is Love 0.1%), Christian Rationalism 1.7%, Muslim 1.3%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, Church of Jesus Christ 1%, other Christian 1.3%, other 1.2%, none 15.6%, no response 0.4% (2021 est.)" @@ -482,6 +482,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 5 July (1975)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system of Portugal" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1981; latest effective 25 September 1992" @@ -490,9 +493,6 @@ "text": "proposals require support of at least four fifths of the active National Assembly membership; amendment drafts require sponsorship of at least one third of the active Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership; constitutional sections, including those on national independence, form of government, political pluralism, suffrage, and human rights and liberties, cannot be amended; revised 1995, 1999, 2010" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system of Portugal" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -796,15 +796,9 @@ "text": "$619 million (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "125.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "127.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/dj.json b/africa/dj.json index e3ab20c6..4b2299f2 100644 --- a/africa/dj.json +++ b/africa/dj.json @@ -510,6 +510,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 27 June (1977)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system based primarily on the French civil code (as it existed in 1997), Islamic religious law (in matters of family law and successions), and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "approved by referendum 4 September 1992" @@ -518,9 +521,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; Assembly consideration of proposals requires assent of at least one third of the membership; passage requires a simple majority vote by the Assembly and approval by simple majority vote in a referendum; the president can opt to bypass a referendum if adopted by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; constitutional articles on the sovereignty of Djibouti, its republican form of government, and its pluralist form of democracy cannot be amended; amended 2006, 2008, 2010" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system based primarily on the French civil code (as it existed in 1997), Islamic religious law (in matters of family law and successions), and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -804,15 +804,9 @@ "text": "$754 million (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "31.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "33.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/eg.json b/africa/eg.json index 10a2739b..41f12648 100644 --- a/africa/eg.json +++ b/africa/eg.json @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), English, and French widely understood by educated classes" + "text": "Arabic (official); English and French widely understood by educated classes" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
كتاب حقائق العالم، أفضل مصدر للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -545,6 +545,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Revolution Day, 23 July (1952)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system based on Napoleonic civil and penal law, Islamic religious law, and vestiges of colonial-era laws; judicial review of the constitutionality of laws by the Supreme Constitutional Court" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved by a constitutional committee in December 2013, approved by referendum held on 14-15 January 2014, ratified by interim president on 19 January 2014" @@ -553,9 +556,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by one fifth of the House of Representatives members; a decision to accept the proposal requires majority vote by House members; passage of amendment requires a two-thirds majority vote by House members and passage by majority vote in a referendum; articles of reelection of the president and principles of freedom are not amendable unless the amendment \"brings more guarantees;\" amended 2019" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system based on Napoleonic civil and penal law, Islamic religious law, and vestiges of colonial-era laws; judicial review of the constitutionality of laws by the Supreme Constitutional Court" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ "text": "president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for 3 consecutive terms); election last held on 10 to 12 December 2023; next to held in 2029); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives" }, "election results": { - "text": "Abdel Fattah EL-SISI reelected president in first round; percent of valid votes cast - Abdel Fattah EL-SISI (independent) 89.6%, Hazam OMAR (Republican People’s Party) 4.5%, Farid ZAHRAN (Egyptian Social Democratic Party 4%, Abdel-Samad YAMAMA 1.9%" + "text": "
2023: Abdel Fattah EL-SISI reelected president in first round; percent of valid votes cast - Abdel Fattah EL-SISI (independent) 89.6%, Hazam OMAR (Republican People’s Party) 4.5%, Farid ZAHRAN (Egyptian Social Democratic Party 4%, Abdel-Samad YAMAMA 1.9%

2018: Abdelfattah ELSISI reelected president in first round; percent of valid votes cast - Abdelfattah ELSISI (independent) 97.1%, Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA (El Ghad Party) 2.9%; note - more than 7% of ballots cast were deemed invalid" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -874,16 +874,10 @@ "text": "$100.318 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-8.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "103% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "96.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/ek.json b/africa/ek.json index ddb2445e..37752471 100644 --- a/africa/ek.json +++ b/africa/ek.json @@ -478,6 +478,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 12 October (1968)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed system of civil and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1968, 1973, 1982; approved by referendum 17 November 1991" @@ -486,9 +489,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or supported by three fourths of the membership in either house of the National Assembly; passage requires three-fourths majority vote by both houses of the Assembly and approval in a referendum if requested by the president; amended several times, last in 2012" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed system of civil and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 November 2022 (next to be held in 2029); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president; President OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo since 3 August 1979 when he seized power in a military coup)" }, "election results": { - "text": "2022: OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo reelected president; percent of vote - OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (PDGE) 95%, other 6.1%

2016: OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo reelected president; percent of vote - OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (PDGE) 93.5%, other 6.5%" + "text": "
2022: OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo reelected president; percent of vote - OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (PDGE) 95%, other 6.1%

2016: OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo reelected president; percent of vote - OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (PDGE) 93.5%, other 6.5%" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -733,9 +733,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "44% (2011 est.)" - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2019": { "text": "0% of GDP (2019 est.)" @@ -755,15 +752,9 @@ "text": "$2.535 billion (2018 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "37.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "43.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1087,7 +1078,7 @@ "Transnational Issues": { "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "

Tier 3 — update pending (2024)

" + "text": "

Tier 2 Watch List — Equatorial Guinea does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking, but it is making significant efforts to do so and was upgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/equatorial-guinea/

" } } } diff --git a/africa/er.json b/africa/er.json index 3b54353b..49d6cd3a 100644 --- a/africa/er.json +++ b/africa/er.json @@ -494,6 +494,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 24 May (1991)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil, customary, and Islamic religious law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "ratified by the Constituent Assembly 23 May 1997 (never implemented)" @@ -502,9 +505,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of Eritrea or by assent of at least one half of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least an initial three-quarters majority vote by the Assembly and, after one year, final passage by at least four-fifths majority vote by the Assembly" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil, customary, and Islamic religious law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -753,9 +753,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "50% (2004 est.)" - }, "Budget": { "revenues": { "text": "$633 million (2018 est.)" @@ -764,15 +761,9 @@ "text": "$549 million (2018 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-9.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "131.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "132.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/et.json b/africa/et.json index 1185c0a2..cf7a75a5 100644 --- a/africa/et.json +++ b/africa/et.json @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Oromo (official working language of Oromia Regional State) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official working language of Somali Regional State) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official working language of Tigray Regional State) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official working language of Afar Regional State) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English

note: Sidama is an official working language of Sidama Regional State (2007 est.)" + "text": "Oromo (official regional working language) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official regional working language) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official regional working language) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official regional working language) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English (2007 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Kitaaba Addunyaa Waan Qabataamaatiif - Kan Madda Odeeffannoo bu’uraawaatiif baay’ee barbaachisaa ta’e. (Oromo)

የአለም እውነታ መጽሐፍ፣ ለመሠረታዊ መረጃ እጅግ አስፈላጊ የሆነ ምንጭ። (Amharic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -565,6 +565,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Derg Downfall Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest drafted June 1994, adopted 8 December 1994, entered into force 21 August 1995" @@ -573,9 +576,6 @@ "text": "proposals submitted for discussion require two-thirds majority approval in either house of Parliament or majority approval of one-third of the State Councils; passage of amendments other than constitutional articles on fundamental rights and freedoms and the initiation and amendment of the constitution requires two-thirds majority vote in a joint session of Parliament and majority vote by two thirds of the State Councils; passage of amendments affecting rights and freedoms and amendment procedures requires two-thirds majority vote in each house of Parliament and majority vote by all the State Councils" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -893,19 +893,10 @@ "text": "$13.979 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2019": { "text": "31.45% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2018": { - "text": "32.53% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "30.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/ga.json b/africa/ga.json index 8459c623..13de9a1b 100644 --- a/africa/ga.json +++ b/africa/ga.json @@ -521,6 +521,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 18 February (1965)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law, and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1965 (Independence Act), 1970; latest adopted 8 April 1996, approved by referendum 8 August 1996, effective 16 January 1997; note - in early 2018, the \"Constitutional Review Commission,\" was established to draft  and assist in instituting a new constitution; a second draft completed in March 2020 was rejected by the National Assembly in September; the president announced in January 2022 government plans to draft a new constitution " @@ -529,9 +532,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote by the Assembly membership in each of several readings and approval by the president of the republic; a referendum is required for amendments affecting national sovereignty, fundamental rights and freedoms, government structures and authorities, taxation, and public funding; passage by referendum requires participation of at least 50% of eligible voters and approval by at least 75% of votes cast; amended 2001, 2004, 2018" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law, and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -823,15 +823,9 @@ "text": "$353 million (2018 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "88% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "82.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/gb.json b/africa/gb.json index 78a8e3d6..79f7aa83 100644 --- a/africa/gb.json +++ b/africa/gb.json @@ -498,6 +498,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 17 August (1960)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of French civil law and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1961; latest drafted May 1990, adopted 15 March 1991, promulgated 26 March 1991" @@ -506,9 +509,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by the Council of Ministers, or by one third of either house of Parliament; passage requires Constitutional Court evaluation, at least two-thirds majority vote of two thirds of the Parliament membership convened in joint session, and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on Gabon’s democratic form of government cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2023 (presidential term reduced to 5 years and election reduced to a single vote)" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of French civil law and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ } }, "Political parties": { - "text": "Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG 
Restoration of Republican Values or RV
The Democrats or LD ", + "text": "Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG 
Restoration of Republican Values or RV
The Democrats or LD", "note": "Paul Mba Abessole" }, "International organization participation": { @@ -816,15 +816,9 @@ "text": "$2.937 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "62.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "64.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1181,7 +1175,7 @@ "Transnational Issues": { "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Gabon does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; officials increased funding and capacity at an NGO-run shelter for victims, and also increased prosecutions and convictions of alleged traffickers; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared to the previous year, to expand its anti-trafficking capacity; authorities did not report any referrals of victims to services and did not report efforts to identify, protect, or provide justice for adult victims—potential efforts that have been inadequate for several years; for the fourth consecutive year, the government did not adopt its anti-trafficking National Action Plan and lacked inter-ministerial coordination; officials did not report investigating allegations of judicial corruption related to trafficking crimes; therefore, Gabon remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year (2023)" + "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Gabon does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking, but the government has devoted sufficient resources to a written plan that, if implemented, would constitute significant efforts to meet the minimum standards; therefore, Gabon was granted a waiver per the Trafficking Victims Protection Act from an otherwise required downgrade to Tier 3 and remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/gabon/" } } } diff --git a/africa/gh.json b/africa/gh.json index 7788cfd6..7f9e751f 100644 --- a/africa/gh.json +++ b/africa/gh.json @@ -536,6 +536,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 6 March (1957)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed system of English common law and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest drafted 31 March 1992, approved and promulgated 28 April 1992, entered into force 7 January 1993" @@ -544,9 +547,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Parliament; consideration requires prior referral to the Council of State, a body of prominent citizens who advise the president of the republic; passage of amendments to \"entrenched\" constitutional articles (including those on national sovereignty, fundamental rights and freedoms, the structure and authorities of the branches of government, and amendment procedures) requires approval in a referendum by at least 40% participation of eligible voters and at least 75% of votes cast, followed by at least two-thirds majority vote in Parliament, and assent of the president; amendments to non-entrenched articles do not require referenda; amended 1996" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed system of English common law and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 December 2020 (next to be held on 7 December 2024); the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "election results": { - "text": "2020: Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO (NPP) 51.3%, John Dramani MAHAMA (NDC) 47.4%, other 1.3% (2020)" + "text": "
2020: Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO (NPP) 51.3%, John Dramani MAHAMA (NDC) 47.4%, other 1.3%

2016: Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO (NPP) 53.7%, John Dramani MAHAMA (NDC) 44.5%, other 1.8%  (2020)" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -859,15 +859,9 @@ "text": "$14.062 billion (2018 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "71.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "73.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/gv.json b/africa/gv.json index dae6f264..c34c7163 100644 --- a/africa/gv.json +++ b/africa/gv.json @@ -536,6 +536,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 2 October (1958)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the French model" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1958, 1990; 2010 and a referendum in 2020, which was suspended on 5 September 2021 via a coup d’etat; on 27 September, the Transitional Charter was released, which supersedes the constitution until a new constitution is promulgated" @@ -544,9 +547,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly or by the president of the republic; consideration of proposals requires approval by simple majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires approval in referendum; the president can opt to submit amendments directly to the Assembly, in which case approval requires at least two-thirds majority vote; revised in 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the French model" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -607,8 +607,7 @@ } }, "Political parties": { - "text": "African Congress for Democracy and Renewal or CADRE 
Alliance for National Renewal or ARN 
Alliance for National Renewal or ARENA 
Bloc Liberal or BL 
Citizen Generation or GECI 
Citizen Party for the Defense of Collective Interests or PCDIC 
Democratic Alliance for Renewal or ADR 
Democratic National Movement or MND
Democratic Union for Renewal and Progress or UDRP 
Democratic Union of Guinea or UDG 
Democratic People's Movement of Guinea or MPDG 
Democratic Workers' Party of Guinea or PDTG 
Front for the National Alliance or FAN 
Generation for Reconciliation Union and Prosperity or GRUP 
Guinea for Democracy and Balance or GDE 
Guinean Party for Peaceful Coexistence and Development or PGCD 
Guinean Party for Solidarity and Democracy or PGSD 
Guinean Union for Democracy and Development or UGDD 
Guinean Rally for Development or RGD 
Guinean Rally for Unity and Development or RGUD 
Guinean Renaissance Party or PGR 
Modern Guinea 
Movement for Solidarity and Development or MSD 
National Committee for Reconciliation and Development 
National Front for Development or FND 
National Union for Prosperity or UNP 
National Party for Hope and Development or PEDN 
New Democratic Forces or NFD 
New Generation for the Republic or NGR 
New Guinea or NG 
New Political Generation or NGP 
Party for Progress and Change or PPC 
Party of Citizen Action through Labor or PACT 
Party of Democrats for Hope or PADES 
Party of Freedom and Progress or PLP 
Party of Hope for National Development or PEDN 
Rally for Renaissance and Development or RRD 
Rally for the Guinean People or RPG 
Rally for the Integrated Development of Guinea or RDIG 
Rally for the Republic or RPR 
Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG
Union for Progress and Renewal or UPR 
Union for the Defense of Republican Interests or UDIR 
Union for the Progress of Guinea or UPG 
Union of Democratic Forces or UFD a or UFDG 
Union of Democrats for the Renaissance of Guinea or UDRG 
Union of Republican Forces or UFR 
Unity and Progress Party or PUP", - "note": "

\n

\n

" + "text": "African Congress for Democracy and Renewal or CADRE 
Alliance for National Renewal or ARN 
Alliance for National Renewal or ARENA 
Bloc Liberal or BL 
Citizen Generation or GECI 
Citizen Party for the Defense of Collective Interests or PCDIC 
Democratic Alliance for Renewal or ADR 
Democratic National Movement or MND
Democratic Union for Renewal and Progress or UDRP 
Democratic Union of Guinea or UDG 
Democratic People's Movement of Guinea or MPDG 
Democratic Workers' Party of Guinea or PDTG 
Front for the National Alliance or FAN 
Generation for Reconciliation Union and Prosperity or GRUP 
Guinea for Democracy and Balance or GDE 
Guinean Party for Peaceful Coexistence and Development or PGCD 
Guinean Party for Solidarity and Democracy or PGSD 
Guinean Union for Democracy and Development or UGDD 
Guinean Rally for Development or RGD 
Guinean Rally for Unity and Development or RGUD 
Guinean Renaissance Party or PGR 
Modern Guinea 
Movement for Solidarity and Development or MSD 
National Committee for Reconciliation and Development 
National Front for Development or FND 
National Union for Prosperity or UNP 
National Party for Hope and Development or PEDN 
New Democratic Forces or NFD 
New Generation for the Republic or NGR 
New Guinea or NG 
New Political Generation or NGP 
Party for Progress and Change or PPC 
Party of Citizen Action through Labor or PACT 
Party of Democrats for Hope or PADES 
Party of Freedom and Progress or PLP 
Party of Hope for National Development or PEDN 
Rally for Renaissance and Development or RRD 
Rally for the Guinean People or RPG 
Rally for the Integrated Development of Guinea or RDIG 
Rally for the Republic or RPR 
Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG
Union for Progress and Renewal or UPR 
Union for the Defense of Republican Interests or UDIR 
Union for the Progress of Guinea or UPG 
Union of Democratic Forces or UFD a or UFDG 
Union of Democrats for the Renaissance of Guinea or UDRG 
Union of Republican Forces or UFR 
Unity and Progress Party or PUP" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -843,15 +842,9 @@ "text": "$2.014 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "37.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "41.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/iv.json b/africa/iv.json index 2bb8c2e3..7fde4394 100644 --- a/africa/iv.json +++ b/africa/iv.json @@ -552,6 +552,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 7 August (1960)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the French civil code; judicial review of legislation held in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1960, 2000; latest draft completed 24 September 2016, approved by the National Assembly 11 October 2016, approved by referendum 30 October 2016, promulgated 8 November 2016" @@ -560,9 +563,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; consideration of drafts or proposals requires an absolute majority vote by the parliamentary membership; passage of amendments affecting presidential elections, presidential term of office and vacancies, and amendment procedures requires approval by absolute majority in a referendum; passage of other proposals by the president requires at least four-fifths majority vote by Parliament; constitutional articles on the sovereignty of the state and its republican and secular form of government cannot be amended; amended 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the French civil code; judicial review of legislation held in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -873,15 +873,9 @@ "text": "$10.145 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "47% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "47% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1227,7 +1221,7 @@ "text": "approximately 25,000 active troops (23,000 Army, including about 2,000 Special Forces; 1,000 Navy; 1,000 Air Force); 5-10,000 Gendarmerie (2023)" }, "Military equipment inventories and acquisitions": { - "text": "the inventory of the FACI consists mostly of older or second-hand equipment, typically of French or Soviet-era origin; Cote d'Ivoire was under a partial UN arms embargo from 2004 to 2016; in recent years it has received limited amounts of mostly second-hand equipment from a variety of suppliers, including Bulgaria, China, and France (2023)" + "text": "the inventory of the FACI consists mostly of older or second-hand equipment, typically of French or Soviet-era origin; Cote d'Ivoire was under a partial UN arms embargo from 2004 to 2016; in recent years it has received some new and second-hand equipment from a variety of suppliers, including Bulgaria, China, France, South Africa, and Turkey (2024)" }, "Military service age and obligation": { "text": "18-26 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service for men and women; conscription is reportedly not enforced (2023)" diff --git a/africa/ke.json b/africa/ke.json index 5b86778f..4c046489 100644 --- a/africa/ke.json +++ b/africa/ke.json @@ -542,6 +542,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Jamhuri Day (Independence Day), 12 December (1963); note - Madaraka Day, 1 June (1963) marks the day Kenya attained internal self-rule" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law, and customary law; judicial review in the new Supreme Court established by the new constitution" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "current constitution passed by referendum on 4 August 2010" @@ -550,9 +553,6 @@ "text": "amendments can be proposed by either house of Parliament or by petition of at least one million eligible voters; passage of amendments by Parliament requires approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of both houses in each of two readings, approval in a referendum by majority of votes cast by at least 20% of eligible voters in at least one half of Kenya’s counties, and approval by the president; passage of amendments introduced by petition requires approval by a majority of county assemblies, approval by majority vote of both houses, and approval by the president" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law, and customary law; judicial review in the new Supreme Court established by the new constitution" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -868,15 +868,9 @@ "text": "$24.271 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "54.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "53.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/li.json b/africa/li.json index 0eb9d136..f9d4041d 100644 --- a/africa/li.json +++ b/africa/li.json @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ "text": "Kpelle 20.2%, Bassa 13.6%, Grebo 9.9%, Gio 7.9%, Mano 7.2%, Kru 5.5%, Lorma 4.8%, Krahn 4.5%, Kissi, 4.3%, Mandingo 4.2%, Vai 3.8%, Gola 3.8%, Gbandi 2.9%, Mende 1.7%, Sapo 1%, Belle 0.7%, Dey 0.3%, other Liberian ethnic group 0.4%, other African 3%, non-African 0.2% (2022 est.)" }, "Languages": { - "text": "English 20% (official) and 27 indigenous languages, including Liberian English (encompassing several varieties of English spoken by Liberians)" + "text": "English 20% (official) and 27 indigenous languages, including Liberian English variants" }, "Religions": { "text": "Christian 84.9%, Muslim 12%, Traditional 0.5%, other 0.1%, none 2.6% (2022 est.)" @@ -510,6 +510,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 26 July (1847)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of common law, based on Anglo-American law, and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1847 (at independence); latest drafted 19 October 1983, revision adopted by referendum 3 July 1984, effective 6 January 1986" @@ -518,9 +521,6 @@ "text": "proposed by agreement of at least two thirds of both National Assembly houses or by petition of at least 10,000 citizens; passage requires at least two-thirds majority approval of both houses and approval in a referendum by at least two-thirds majority of registered voters; amended 2011, 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of common law, based on Anglo-American law, and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Joseph BOAKAI (since 22 January 2024) " + "text": "President Joseph BOAKAI (since 22 January 2024)" }, "head of government": { "text": "President Joseph BOAKAI (since 22 January 2024)" @@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 October 2023 with a runoff on 14 November 2023 (next to be held in October 2029) note - the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, "election results": { - "text": "2023: Joseph BOAKAI elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - George WEAH (CDC) 43.8%, Joseph BOAKAI (UP) 43.4%, Edward APPLETON (GDM) 2.2%, Lusinee KAMARA (ALCOP) 2%, Alexander B. CUMMINGS, Jr. (CPP) 1.6%, Tiawan Saye GONGLOE (LPP) 1.4%, other 5.6%; percentage of vote in second round - Joseph BOAKAI 50.6%, George WEAH 49.4%" + "text": "
2023: Joseph BOAKAI elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - George WEAH (CDC) 43.8%, Joseph BOAKAI (UP) 43.4%, Edward APPLETON (GDM) 2.2%, Lusinee KAMARA (ALCOP) 2%, Alexander B. CUMMINGS, Jr. (CPP) 1.6%, Tiawan Saye GONGLOE (LPP) 1.4%, other 5.6%; percentage of vote in second round - Joseph BOAKAI 50.6%, George WEAH 49.4%

2017: George WEAH elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - George WEAH (Coalition for Democratic Change) 38.4%, Joseph BOAKAI (UP) 28.8%, Charles BRUMSKINE (LP) 9.6%, Prince JOHNSON (MDR) 8.2%, Alexander B. CUMMINGS (ANC) 7.2%, other 7.8%; percentage of vote in second round - George WEAH 61.5%, Joseph BOAKAI 38.5%" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -808,21 +808,11 @@ "text": "$6 million (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "34.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "12.46% (of GDP) (2013 est.)", - "note": "note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP" - }, "Current account balance": { "Current account balance 2022": { "text": "$64.806 million (2022 est.)" @@ -1126,6 +1116,11 @@ } }, "Transnational Issues": { + "Trafficking in persons": { + "tier rating": { + "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Liberia was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/liberia/" + } + }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

not a significant transit country for illicit narcotics bound for the United States or Europe; not a key producer of illicit drugs; proximity to major drug transit routes contribute to trafficking cocaine and heroin, to and through Liberia and other West African countries; local drug use involves locally grown cannabis, heroin (mostly smoked), cocaine (snorted), and more recently kush (Cannabis Indic’s type flower), mixed with different substances including heroin or synthetic DMT

" } diff --git a/africa/lt.json b/africa/lt.json index 5c4cc9b1..56267ade 100644 --- a/africa/lt.json +++ b/africa/lt.json @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ "text": "Sotho 99.7%, other 0.3% (includes Kwena, Nguni (Hlubi and Phuthi), Zulu)" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Sesotho (official) (southern Sotho), English (official), Phuthi, Xhosa, Zulu" + "text": "Sesotho (official), English (official), Phuthi, Xhosa, Zulu" }, "Religions": { "text": "Protestant 47.8% (Pentecostal 23.1%, Lesotho Evangelical 17.3%, Anglican 7.4%), Roman Catholic 39.3%, other Christian 9.1%, non-Christian 1.4%, none 2.3% (2014 est.)" @@ -519,6 +519,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 4 October (1966)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1959, 1967; latest adopted 2 April 1993 (effectively restoring the 1967 version)" @@ -527,9 +530,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, including fundamental rights and freedoms, sovereignty of the kingdom, the office of the king, and powers of Parliament, requires a majority vote by the National Assembly, approval by the Senate, approval in a referendum by a majority of qualified voters, and assent of the king; passage of amendments other than those specified provisions requires at least a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Parliament; amended several times, last in 2011" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -824,19 +824,10 @@ "text": "$1.21 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2020": { "text": "2.99% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "32.17% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2018": { - "text": "32.84% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/ly.json b/africa/ly.json index 64a5b3d0..c07f8773 100644 --- a/africa/ly.json +++ b/africa/ly.json @@ -487,6 +487,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Liberation Day, 23 October (2011)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "Libya's post-revolution legal system is in flux and driven by state and non-state entities" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1951, 1977; in July 2017, the Constitutional Assembly completed and approved a draft of a new permanent constitution; in September 2018, the House of Representatives passed a constitutional referendum law in a session with contested reports of the quorum needed to pass the vote and submitted it to the High National Elections Commission in December to begin preparations for a constitutional referendum" @@ -495,9 +498,6 @@ "text": "note - in early March 2023, the High Council of State voted for a constitutional amendment to provide a groundwork for elections" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "Libya's post-revolution legal system is in flux and driven by state and non-state entities" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -736,9 +736,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "

note: about one third of Libyans live at or below the national poverty line

" - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2022": { "text": "0% of GDP (2022 est.)" @@ -759,15 +756,9 @@ "text": "$37.475 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-25.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "4.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "7.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/ma.json b/africa/ma.json index fe27330a..3456e325 100644 --- a/africa/ma.json +++ b/africa/ma.json @@ -529,6 +529,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 26 June (1960)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the old French civil code and customary law in matters of marriage, family, and obligation" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1992; latest passed by referendum 17 November 2010, promulgated 11 December 2010" @@ -537,9 +540,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic in consultation with the cabinet or supported by a least two thirds of both the Senate and National Assembly membership; passage requires at least three-fourths approval of both the Senate and National Assembly and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles, including the form and powers of government, the sovereignty of the state, and the autonomy of Madagascar’s collectivities, cannot be amended" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the old French civil code and customary law in matters of marriage, family, and obligation" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -792,22 +792,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "70.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2012": { - "text": "42.6 (2012 est.)" - } - }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "2.2%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "34.7% (2010 est.)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "2.37% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -828,15 +812,9 @@ "text": "$2.09 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "36% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "38.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1167,7 +1145,7 @@ "Transnational Issues": { "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Madagascar does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; officials identified and provided services to more victims, launched an updated National Action Plan, took steps to reduce the demand for child sex tourism, and worked with an international organization to monitor Malagasy migrant workers’ conditions in Jordan; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared with the previous year, to expand its anti-trafficking capacity; officials investigated fewer trafficking cases and did not report any prosecutions or convictions of suspected traffickers for the second consecutive year; the government did not hold complicit officials accountable nor investigate reports of officials facilitating child sex trafficking within Madagascar or labor trafficking of Malagasy workers abroad; for the third consecutive year, the government did not disburse funds to the National Office to Combat Human Trafficking, hindering nationwide progress and coordination; efforts to address internal crimes, including domestic servitude, forced begging, and child sex trafficking, remained inadequate, and officials continued to conflate human trafficking with other crimes including gender-based violence and sexual exploitation; therefore, Madagascar remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year (2023)" + "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — the government has devoted sufficient resources to a written plan that, if implemented, would constitute significant efforts to meet the minimum standards; therefore, Madagascar was granted a waiver per the Trafficking Victims Protection Act from an otherwise required downgrade to Tier 3 and remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/madagascar/" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/africa/mi.json b/africa/mi.json index bf7653af..38ac9ecc 100644 --- a/africa/mi.json +++ b/africa/mi.json @@ -549,6 +549,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 6 July (1964); note - also called Republic Day since 6 July 1966" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1953 (pre-independence), 1964, 1966; latest drafted January to May 1994, approved 16 May 1994, entered into force 18 May 1995" @@ -557,9 +560,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles, including the sovereignty and territory of the state, fundamental constitutional principles, human rights, voting rights, and the judiciary, requires majority approval in a referendum and majority approval by the Assembly; passage of other amendments requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; amended several times, last in 2017" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -848,19 +848,10 @@ "text": "$2.129 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "52.63% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "44.89% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2018": { - "text": "41.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/ml.json b/africa/ml.json index d6fb8e55..a756e99a 100644 --- a/africa/ml.json +++ b/africa/ml.json @@ -556,6 +556,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 22 September (1960)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the French civil law model and influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Constitutional Court" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest drafted 13 October 2022 and submitted to Transition President Assimi GOITA; final draft completed 1 March 2023; approved by referendum 18 June 2023; validated by Constitutional Court 22 July 2023; note - the new constitution includes provisions for expansion of presidential and military powers and creation of a \"senate\"" @@ -564,9 +567,6 @@ "text": "procedure for amending the 2023 constitution NA" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the French civil law model and influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Constitutional Court" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -867,15 +867,9 @@ "text": "$3.467 billion (2018 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "35.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "36% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/mo.json b/africa/mo.json index 42646888..82188fcf 100644 --- a/africa/mo.json +++ b/africa/mo.json @@ -138,11 +138,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), Tamazight languages (Tamazight (official), Tachelhit, Tarifit), French (often the language of business, government, and diplomacy); note - the proportion of Tamazight speakers is disputed" + "text": "Arabic (official), Tamazight languages (Tamazight (official), Tachelhit, Tarifit), French (often the language of business, government, and diplomacy)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
كتاب ديال لحقائق متاع العالم، احسن مصدر متاع المعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: the proportion of Tamazight speakers is disputed" }, "Religions": { "text": "Muslim 99% (official; virtually all Sunni, <0.1% Shia), other 1% (includes Christian, Jewish, and Baha'i); note - Jewish about 3,000-3,500 (2020 est.)", @@ -554,6 +555,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Throne Day (accession of King MOHAMMED VI to the throne), 30 July (1999)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil law based on French civil law and Islamic (sharia) law; judicial review of legislative acts by Constitutional Court" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest drafted 17 June 2011, approved by referendum 1 July 2011; note - sources disagree on whether the 2011 referendum was for a new constitution or for reforms to the existing constitution" @@ -562,9 +566,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the king, by the prime minister, or by members in either chamber of Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by both chambers and approval in a referendum; the king can opt to submit self-initiated proposals directly to a referendum" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law based on French civil law and Islamic (sharia) law; judicial review of legislative acts by Constitutional Court" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -832,16 +833,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "4.8% (2013 est.)", - "note": "note: % of population with income below national poverty line" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { - "text": "39.5 (2013 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality" - }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { "text": "33.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" @@ -850,15 +841,6 @@ "text": "1.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "2.7%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "31.9% (2013 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population" - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "8.6% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -879,15 +861,9 @@ "text": "$35.591 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "65.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "64.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/mp.json b/africa/mp.json index 8743e8c1..9114e38b 100644 --- a/africa/mp.json +++ b/africa/mp.json @@ -485,6 +485,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence and Republic Day, 12 March (1968 & 1992); note - became independent and a republic on the same date in 1968 and 1992 respectively" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil legal system based on French civil law with some elements of English common law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 12 March 1968" @@ -493,9 +496,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles, including the sovereignty of the state, fundamental rights and freedoms, citizenship, or the branches of government, requires approval in a referendum by at least three-fourths majority of voters followed by a unanimous vote by the Assembly; passage of other amendments requires only two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; amended many times, last in 2016" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil legal system based on French civil law with some elements of English common law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -794,19 +794,10 @@ "text": "$3.675 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2019": { "text": "57.96% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2018": { - "text": "55.38% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "56.16% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/mr.json b/africa/mr.json index 132000d9..efddca1d 100644 --- a/africa/mr.json +++ b/africa/mr.json @@ -140,11 +140,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official and national), Pular, Soninke, Wolof (all national languages), French; note - the spoken Arabic in Mauritania differs considerably from the Modern Standard Arabic used for official written purposes or in the media; the Mauritanian dialect, which incorporates many Tamazight words, is referred to as Hassaniya" + "text": "Arabic (official and national), Pular, Soninke, Wolof (all national languages), French" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: the spoken Arabic in Mauritania differs considerably from Modern Standard Arabic; the Mauritanian dialect, which incorporates many Tamazight words, is referred to as Hassaniya" }, "Religions": { "text": "Muslim (official) 100%" @@ -553,6 +554,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 28 November (1960)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic and French civil law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1964; latest adopted 12 July 1991" @@ -561,9 +565,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; consideration of amendments by Parliament requires approval of at least one third of the membership; a referendum is held only if the amendment is approved by two-thirds majority vote; passage by referendum requires simple majority vote by eligible voters; passage of amendments proposed by the president can bypass a referendum if approved by at least three-fifths majority vote by Parliament; amended 2006, 2012, 2017" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic and French civil law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -857,15 +858,9 @@ "text": "$1.407 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "96.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "100% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/mz.json b/africa/mz.json index d8d8b045..693d1e27 100644 --- a/africa/mz.json +++ b/africa/mz.json @@ -542,6 +542,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 25 June (1975)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of Portuguese civil law and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1975, 1990; latest adopted 16 November 2004, effective 21 December 2004" @@ -550,9 +553,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the Assembly of the Republic membership; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, including the independence and sovereignty of the state, the republican form of government, basic rights and freedoms, and universal suffrage, requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly and approval in a referendum; referenda not required for passage of other amendments; amended 2007, 2018" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Portuguese civil law and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -854,19 +854,10 @@ "text": "$4.591 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "78.62% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "84.16% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "101.39% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/ng.json b/africa/ng.json index 97d054e2..1cce54fe 100644 --- a/africa/ng.json +++ b/africa/ng.json @@ -133,7 +133,8 @@ "text": "Hausa 53.1%, Zarma/Songhai 21.2%, Tuareg 11%, Fulani (Peuhl) 6.5%, Kanuri 5.9%, Gurma 0.8%, Arab 0.4%, Tubu 0.4%, other/unavailable 0.9% (2006 est.)" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Hausa, Zarma, French (official), Fufulde, Tamashek, Kanuri, Gurmancema, Tagdal

note: represents the most-spoken languages; Niger has 10 national languages: Arabic, Buduma, Fulfuldé, Guimancema, Hausa, Kanuri, Sonay-Zarma, Tamajaq, Tassawaq, and Tubu" + "text": "Hausa, Zarma, French (official), Fufulde, Tamashek, Kanuri, Gurmancema, Tagdal", + "note": "note: represents the most-spoken languages; Niger has 10 national languages: Arabic, Buduma, Fulfuldé, Guimancema, Hausa, Kanuri, Sonay-Zarma, Tamajaq, Tassawaq, and Tubu" }, "Religions": { "text": "Muslim 95.5%, ethnic religionist 4.1%, Christian 0.3%, agnostics and other 0.1% (2020 est.)" @@ -545,6 +546,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Republic Day, 18 December (1958); note - commemorates the founding of the Republic of Niger which predated independence from France in 1960" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "note - following the 26 July 2023 military coup, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland assumed control of all government institutions and rules by decree; formerly, mixed legal system of civil law, based on French civil law, Islamic law, and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; passed by referendum 31 October 2010, entered into force 25 November 2010" @@ -554,9 +558,6 @@ }, "note": "Note: on 26 July 2023, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, a military junta which took control of Niger's government, dissolved the country's constitution" }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "note - following the 26 July 2023 military coup, the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland assumed control of all government institutions and rules by decree; formerly, mixed legal system of civil law, based on French civil law, Islamic law, and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -859,15 +860,9 @@ "text": "$2.785 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "45.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "45.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/ni.json b/africa/ni.json index a06ba1ac..20533380 100644 --- a/africa/ni.json +++ b/africa/ni.json @@ -541,6 +541,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law (in 12 northern states), and traditional law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 5 May 1999, effective 29 May 1999" @@ -549,9 +552,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of both houses and approval by the Houses of Assembly of at least two thirds of the states; amendments to constitutional articles on the creation of a new state, fundamental constitutional rights, or constitution-amending procedures requires at least four-fifths majority vote by both houses of the National Assembly and approval by the Houses of Assembly in at least two thirds of the states; passage of amendments limited to the creation of a new state require at least two-thirds majority vote by the proposing National Assembly house and approval by the Houses of Assembly in two thirds of the states; amended several times, last in 2018" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law (in 12 northern states), and traditional law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -869,15 +869,9 @@ "text": "$59.868 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "21.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "19.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/od.json b/africa/od.json index bc257c4d..68f43438 100644 --- a/africa/od.json +++ b/africa/od.json @@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ "note": "Note: in mid-2022, the Government of South Sudan inaugurated an Ad-hoc Judiciary Committee, a 12-member body led by two eminent jurists, which is charged with reviewing relevant laws, advising on judicial reform and restructuring of the judiciary" }, "Political parties": { - "text": "

Democratic Change or DC
Democratic Forum or DF
Labour Party or LPSS [Federico Awi VUNI]
South Sudan Opposition Alliance or SSOA [Hussein ABDELBAGI Ayii]
Sudan African National Union or SANU [Toby MADOUT]
Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM [Salva KIIR Mayardit]
Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-In Opposition or SPLM-IO [Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon]
United Democratic Salvation Front or UDSF    
United South Sudan African Party or USSAP [Louis Pasquale ALEU, Secretary]
United South Sudan Party or USSP [Paulino LUKUDU Obede]

" + "text": "

Democratic Change or DC
Democratic Forum or DF
Labour Party or LPSS
South Sudan Opposition Alliance or SSOA
Sudan African National Union or SANU
Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM
Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-In Opposition or SPLM-IO
United Democratic Salvation Front or UDSF    
United South Sudan African Party or USSAP
United South Sudan Party or USSP

" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "AU, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOM, IPU, ITU, MIGA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WMO" @@ -679,14 +679,15 @@ }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { - "text": "21% (2021 est.)" + "text": "18.3% (2023 est.)" }, "male": { - "text": "21.8%" + "text": "19.4% (2023 est.)" }, "female": { - "text": "20.2%" - } + "text": "17.2% (2023 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, "Population below poverty line": { "text": "82.3% (2016 est.)", @@ -713,10 +714,7 @@ "Remittances 2014": { "text": "0.01% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, - "Remittances 2013": { - "text": "0% of GDP (2013 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities" + "note": "note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities" }, "Budget": { "revenues": { @@ -726,15 +724,9 @@ "text": "$1.938 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.3% (of GDP) (FY2017/18 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "62.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "86.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/pu.json b/africa/pu.json index dfadb46f..a1d62e92 100644 --- a/africa/pu.json +++ b/africa/pu.json @@ -507,6 +507,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 24 September (1973)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil law, which incorporated Portuguese law at independence and influenced by Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA), African Francophone Public Law, and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "promulgated 16 May 1984; note - constitution suspended following military coup April 2012, restored 2014; note - in May 2020, President EMBALO established a commission to draft a revised constitution" @@ -515,9 +518,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National People’s Assembly if supported by at least one third of its members, by the Council of State (a presidential consultant body), or by the government; passage requires approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; constitutional articles on the republican and secular form of government and national sovereignty cannot be amended; amended 1991, 1993, 1996" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law, which incorporated Portuguese law at independence and influenced by Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA), African Francophone Public Law, and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -584,9 +584,7 @@ "text": "ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CPLP, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { - "chief of mission": { - "text": "none; note - Guinea-Bissau does not have official representation in Washington, DC" - } + "text": "none

Note:  Guinea-Bissau does not have official representation in Washington, DC" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { @@ -781,15 +779,9 @@ "text": "$278 million (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "53.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "57.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1082,7 +1074,7 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 3 — update pending (2024)" + "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — The Government of Guinea-Bissau does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so, therefore Guinea-Bissau was upgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/guinea-bissau/" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/africa/rw.json b/africa/rw.json index 6bf40eb3..56c72872 100644 --- a/africa/rw.json +++ b/africa/rw.json @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Kinyarwanda (official, universal Bantu vernacular) 93.2%, French (official) <0.1, English (official) <0.1, Swahili/Kiswahili (official, used in commercial centers) <0.1, more than one language, other 6.3%, unspecified 0.3% (2002 est.)" + "text": "Kinyarwanda (official, universal Bantu vernacular) 93.2%, French (official) <0.1%, English (official) <0.1%, Swahili/Kiswahili (official, used in commercial centers) <0.1%, more than one language, other 6.3%, unspecified 0.3% (2002 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Inkoranya nzimbuzi y'isi, isoko fatizo y'amakuru y'ibanze. (Kinyarwanda)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -529,6 +529,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 1 July (1962)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil law, based on German and Belgian models, and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted by referendum 26 May 2003, effective 4 June 2003" @@ -537,9 +540,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic (with Council of Ministers approval) or by two-thirds majority vote of both houses of Parliament; passage requires at least three-quarters majority vote in both houses; changes to constitutional articles on national sovereignty, the presidential term, the form and system of government, and political pluralism also require approval in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2015" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law, based on German and Belgian models, and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); note - a constitutional amendment approved in December 2016 reduced the presidential term from 7 to 5 years but included an exception that allowed President KAGAME to serve another 7-year term in 2017, potentially followed by two additional 5-year terms; election last held on 4 August 2017 (next to be held on 15 July 2024); prime minister appointed by the president" }, "election results": { - "text": "2024: Paul KAGAME reelected president; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 99.2%, Frank HABINEZA (DGPR) 0.50%, Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent) 0.32%

2017: Paul KAGAME reelected president; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 98.8%, Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent), other 1.2%

 

" + "text": "
2024: Paul KAGAME reelected president; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 99.2%, Frank HABINEZA (DGPR) 0.50%, Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent) 0.32%

2017: Paul KAGAME reelected president; Paul KAGAME (RPF) 98.8%, Philippe MPAYIMANA (independent), other 1.2%

 

" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -844,15 +844,9 @@ "text": "$2.919 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "40.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "37.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/se.json b/africa/se.json index beb9f0e3..186cb6e4 100644 --- a/africa/se.json +++ b/africa/se.json @@ -481,6 +481,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Constitution Day, 18 June (1993); Independence Day (National Day), 29 June (1976)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, French civil law, and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1970, 1979; latest drafted May 1993, approved by referendum 18 June 1993, effective 23 June 1993" @@ -489,9 +492,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the National Assembly; passage of amendments affecting the country’s sovereignty, symbols and languages, the supremacy of the constitution, fundamental rights and freedoms, amendment procedures, and dissolution of the Assembly also requires approval by at least 60% of voters in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2018" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, French civil law, and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -775,19 +775,10 @@ "text": "$586 million (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "63.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "69.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2015": { - "text": "60.91% of GDP (2015 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/sf.json b/africa/sf.json index acf688df..3c5aa28d 100644 --- a/africa/sf.json +++ b/africa/sf.json @@ -143,11 +143,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "isiZulu or Zulu (official) 25.3%, isiXhosa or Xhosa (official) 14.8%, Afrikaans (official) 12.2%, Sepedi or Pedi (official) 10.1%, Setswana or Tswana (official) 9.1%, English (official) 8.1%, Sesotho or Sotho (official) 7.9%, Xitsonga or Tsonga (official) 3.6%, siSwati or Swati (official) 2.8%, Tshivenda or Venda (official) 2.5%, isiNdebele or Ndebele (official) 1.6%, other (includes South African sign language (official) and Khoi or Khoisan or Khoe languages) 2%; note - data represent language spoken most often at home (2018 est.)" + "text": "isiZulu or Zulu (official) 25.3%, isiXhosa or Xhosa (official) 14.8%, Afrikaans (official) 12.2%, Sepedi or Pedi (official) 10.1%, Setswana or Tswana (official) 9.1%, English (official) 8.1%, Sesotho or Sotho (official) 7.9%, Xitsonga or Tsonga (official) 3.6%, siSwati or Swati (official) 2.8%, Tshivenda or Venda (official) 2.5%, isiNdebele or Ndebele (official) 1.6%, other (includes South African sign language (official) and Khoi or Khoisan or Khoe languages) 2% (2018 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Die Wereld Feite Boek, n’ onontbeerlike bron vir basiese informasie. (Afrikaans)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)" - } + }, + "note": "note: data represent language spoken most often at home" }, "Religions": { "text": "Christian 85.3%, African traditional 7.8%, Muslim 1.6%, Hindu 1.1%, other 1.3%, none 2.9% (2022 est.)" @@ -541,6 +542,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Freedom Day, 27 April (1994)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of Roman-Dutch civil law, English common law, and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest drafted 8 May 1996, approved by the Constitutional Court 4 December 1996, effective 4 February 1997" @@ -549,9 +553,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly of Parliament; passage of amendments affecting constitutional sections on human rights and freedoms, non-racism and non-sexism, supremacy of the constitution, suffrage, the multi-party system of democratic government, and amendment procedures requires at least 75% majority vote of the Assembly, approval by at least six of the nine provinces represented in the National Council of Provinces, and assent of the president of the republic; passage of amendments affecting the Bill of Rights, and those related to provincial boundaries, powers, and authorities requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, approval by at least six of the nine provinces represented in the National Council, and assent of the president; amended many times, last in 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Roman-Dutch civil law, English common law, and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -870,19 +871,10 @@ "text": "$121.204 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "76.55% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "73.94% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "75.65% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/sg.json b/africa/sg.json index e7c4c261..0a3f9751 100644 --- a/africa/sg.json +++ b/africa/sg.json @@ -548,6 +548,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 4 April (1960)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on French law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Council" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1959 (pre-independence), 1963; latest adopted by referendum 7 January 2001, promulgated 22 January 2001" @@ -556,9 +559,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires Assembly approval and approval in a referendum; the president can bypass a referendum and submit an amendment directly to the Assembly, which requires at least three-fifths majority vote; the republican form of government is not amendable; amended several times, last in 2019" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on French law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Council" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -821,9 +821,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "46.7% (2011 est.)" - }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": { "text": "36.2 (2021 est.)" @@ -859,15 +856,9 @@ "text": "$5.662 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "48.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "47.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/sh.json b/africa/sh.json index 382d4ebb..93c61c9d 100644 --- a/africa/sh.json +++ b/africa/sh.json @@ -495,11 +495,6 @@ "text": "fish, shellfish, iron alloys, glass working machines, corn (2022)", "note": "note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars" }, - "Imports": { - "Imports 2010": { - "text": "$20.53 million (2010)" - } - }, "Imports - partners": { "text": "UK 44%, South Africa 25%, US 21%, Czechia 4%, Namibia 2% (2022)", "note": "note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports" @@ -513,22 +508,22 @@ }, "Exchange rates": { "Currency": { - "text": "Saint Helenian pounds (SHP) per US dollar -" + "text": "Saint Helena pounds (SHP) per US dollar -" }, - "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "0.7836 (2017 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "0.805 (2023 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "0.6542 (2016 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "0.811 (2022 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "0.6542 (2015)" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.727 (2021 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.607 (2014 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "0.78 (2020 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.6391 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "0.783 (2019 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/sl.json b/africa/sl.json index b29c9b0f..41b1c694 100644 --- a/africa/sl.json +++ b/africa/sl.json @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "text": "Temne 35.4%, Mende 30.8%, Limba 8.8%, Kono 4.3%, Korankoh 4%, Fullah 3.8%, Mandingo 2.8%, Loko 2%, Sherbro 1.9%, Creole 1.2% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century; also known as Krio), other 5% (2019 est.)" }, "Languages": { - "text": "English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)" + "text": "English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves; a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)" }, "Religions": { "text": "Muslim 77.1%, Christian 22.9% (2019 est.)" @@ -522,6 +522,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 27 April (1961)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest effective 1 October 1991" @@ -530,9 +533,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments requires at least two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in two successive readings and assent of the president of the republic; passage of amendments affecting fundamental rights and freedoms and many other constitutional sections also requires approval in a referendum with participation of at least one half of qualified voters and at least two thirds of votes cast; amended several times, last in 2016" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -813,15 +813,9 @@ "text": "$867 million (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-7.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "54.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/so.json b/africa/so.json index b9c25793..5c407d75 100644 --- a/africa/so.json +++ b/africa/so.json @@ -498,6 +498,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Foundation of the Somali Republic, 1 July (1960); note - 26 June (1960) in Somaliland" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil law, Islamic (sharia) law, and customary law (referred to as Xeer)" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1961, 1979; latest drafted 12 June 2012, adopted 1 August 2012 (provisional)" @@ -506,9 +509,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the federal government, by members of the state governments, the Federal Parliament, or by public petition; proposals require review by a joint committee of Parliament with inclusion of public comments and state legislatures’ comments; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Parliament and approval by a majority of votes cast in a referendum; constitutional clauses on Islamic principles, the federal system, human rights and freedoms, powers and authorities of the government branches, and inclusion of women in national institutions cannot be amended; amended 2024" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law, Islamic (sharia) law, and customary law (referred to as Xeer)" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ } }, "Political parties": { - "text": "

Cosmopolitan Democratic Party
Green Party
Himilo Qaran Party
Ilays Party
Justice and Reconciliation Party
National Progressive Party
Peace and Unity Party
Qaransoor Party
Qiimo Qaran Party
Security and Justice Party
Social Justice Party
Somali Labour Party
Somali Republic Party
Somali Social Unity Party or SSUP
Union for Peace and Development Party or PDP
Wadajir Party




", + "text": "

Cosmopolitan Democratic Party
Green Party
Himilo Qaran Party
Ilays Party
Justice and Reconciliation Party
National Progressive Party
Peace and Unity Party
Qaransoor Party
Qiimo Qaran Party
Security and Justice Party
Social Justice Party
Somali Labour Party
Somali Republic Party
Somali Social Unity Party or SSUP
Union for Peace and Development Party or PDP
Wadajir Party

", "note": "note: in 2017 an independent electoral commission (the NIEC) was inaugurated with a mandate to oversee the process of registration of political parties in the country; as of 2021, the NIEC had registered a total of 110 parties" }, "International organization participation": { @@ -777,15 +777,9 @@ "text": "$151.1 million (2014 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.1% (of GDP) (2014 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "76.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2014": { - "text": "93% of GDP (2014 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -803,9 +797,6 @@ "Exports": { "Exports 2014": { "text": "$819 million (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2013": { - "text": "$779 million (2013 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -857,9 +848,6 @@ }, "Exchange rates 2014": { "text": "20,230.929 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "19,283.8 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/africa/su.json b/africa/su.json index 3e82fd7d..9fbcdd18 100644 --- a/africa/su.json +++ b/africa/su.json @@ -530,6 +530,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 1 January (1956)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic law and English common law; note - in mid-July 2020, Sudan amended 15 provisions of its 1991 penal code" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1973, 1998, 2005 (interim constitution, which was suspended in April 2019); latest initial draft completed by Transitional Military Council in May 2019; revised draft known as the \"Draft Constitutional Charter for the 2019 Transitional Period,\" or “2019 Constitutional Declaration” was signed by the Council and opposition coalition on 4 August 2019" @@ -538,9 +541,6 @@ "text": "amended 2020 to incorporate the Juba Agreement for Peace in Sudan; the military suspended several provisions of the Constitutional Declaration in October 2021" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic law and English common law; note - in mid-July 2020, Sudan amended 15 provisions of its 1991 penal code" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2008" }, @@ -793,9 +793,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "46.5% (2009 est.)" - }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { "text": "34.2 (2014 est.)" @@ -831,15 +828,9 @@ "text": "$8.277 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-10.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "121.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "99.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/to.json b/africa/to.json index b8c427e7..ffcf2dea 100644 --- a/africa/to.json +++ b/africa/to.json @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ "note": "note: Togo has an estimated 37 ethnic groups" }, "Languages": { - "text": "French (official, the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)" + "text": "French (official, language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (in the north)" }, "Religions": { "text": "Christian 42.3%, folk religion 36.9%, Muslim 14%, Hindu <1%, Buddhist <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, none 6.2% (2020 est.)" @@ -536,6 +536,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 27 April (1960)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "customary law system" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1992, effective 14 October 1992" @@ -544,9 +547,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one fifth of the National Assembly membership; passage requires four-fifths majority vote by the Assembly; a referendum is required if approved by only two-thirds majority of the Assembly or if requested by the president; constitutional articles on the republican and secular form of government cannot be amended; amended 2002, 2007, last in 2023 " } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "customary law system" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -848,15 +848,9 @@ "text": "$1.158 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "75.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "81.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/tp.json b/africa/tp.json index 23bdb80f..0e403445 100644 --- a/africa/tp.json +++ b/africa/tp.json @@ -119,7 +119,8 @@ "text": "Mestico, Angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), Forros (descendants of freed slaves), Servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cabo Verde), Tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese), Asians (mostly Chinese)" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Portuguese 98.4% (official), Forro 36.2%, Cabo Verdian 8.5%, French 6.8%, Angolar 6.6%, English 4.9%, Lunguie 1%, other (including sign language) 2.4%; note - shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; other Portuguese-based Creoles are also spoken (2012 est.)" + "text": "Portuguese 98.4% (official), Forro 36.2%, Cabo Verdian 8.5%, French 6.8%, Angolar 6.6%, English 4.9%, Lunguie 1%, other (including sign language) 2.4%; other Portuguese-based Creoles are also spoken (2012 est.)", + "note": "note: shares of language sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census" }, "Religions": { "text": "Catholic 55.7%, Adventist 4.1%, Assembly of God 3.4%, New Apostolic 2.9%, Mana 2.3%, Universal Kingdom of God 2%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, other 6.2%, none 21.2%, unspecified 1% (2012 est.)" @@ -508,6 +509,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 12 July (1975)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil law based on the Portuguese model and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "approved 5 November 1975" @@ -516,9 +520,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; the Assembly can propose to the president of the republic that an amendment be submitted to a referendum; revised several times, last in 2006" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law based on the Portuguese model and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -628,7 +629,7 @@ }, "Economy": { "Economic overview": { - "text": "ower middle-income Central African island economy; falling cocoa production due to drought and mismanagement; joint oil venture with Nigeria; government owns 90% of land; high debt, partly from fuel subsidies; tourism gutted by COVID-19" + "text": "lower middle-income Central African island economy; falling cocoa production due to drought and mismanagement; joint oil venture with Nigeria; government owns 90% of land; high debt, partly from fuel subsidies; tourism gutted by COVID-19" }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023": { @@ -791,15 +792,9 @@ "text": "$102 million (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "88.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "93.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/ts.json b/africa/ts.json index d474b2d5..e2c74c4a 100644 --- a/africa/ts.json +++ b/africa/ts.json @@ -131,11 +131,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official, one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce), Tamazight; note - despite having no official status, French plays a major role in the country and is spoken by about two thirds of the population" + "text": "Arabic (official, one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce), Tamazight" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
كتاب حقائق العالم، أحسن كتاب تتعلم به المعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: despite having no official status, French plays a major role in the country and is spoken by about two thirds of the population" }, "Religions": { "text": "Muslim (official; Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Shia Muslim, and Baha'i) <1%" @@ -509,6 +510,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 20 March (1956); Revolution and Youth Day, 14 January (2011)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil law, based on the French civil code and Islamic (sharia) law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "

several previous; latest - draft published by the president 30 June 2022, approved by referendum 25 July 2022, and adopted 27 July 2022

" @@ -517,9 +521,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by one third of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People membership; following review by the Constitutional Court, approval to proceed requires an absolute majority vote by the Assembly and final passage requires a two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; the president can opt to submit an amendment to a referendum, which requires an absolute majority of votes cast for passage" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law, based on the French civil code and Islamic (sharia) law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -835,15 +836,9 @@ "text": "$12.375 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "70.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "62.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/tz.json b/africa/tz.json index 9885043c..2abec3eb 100644 --- a/africa/tz.json +++ b/africa/tz.json @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages; note - Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources including Arabic and English; it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages" + "text": "Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic, many local languages" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
The World Factbook, Chanzo cha Lazima Kuhusu Habari ya Msingi. (Kiswahili)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -567,6 +567,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 25 April 1977; note - drafting of a new constitution by the National Assembly in 2014 had stalled, and not until 2021, when President HASSAN expressed the need for broad government reform was there a renewed mandate for a new constitution; a task force drafted and submitted a report in October 2202 with broad government reform recommendations, including a six-pronged approach to a new constitution; the president as recently as mid-2023 reaffirmed her commitment to a new constitution; Tanzania's political opposition in early 2024, called for protests rallying countrywide support for action on this issue" @@ -575,9 +578,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional articles including those on sovereignty of the United Republic, the authorities and powers of the government, the president, the Assembly, and the High Court requires two-thirds majority vote of the mainland Assembly membership and of the Zanzibar House of Representatives membership; House of Representatives approval of other amendments is not required; amended several times, last in 2017" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -884,15 +884,9 @@ "text": "$10.017 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "37% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "38% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/ug.json b/africa/ug.json index d5cc3482..4d665f51 100644 --- a/africa/ug.json +++ b/africa/ug.json @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ "text": "Baganda 16.5%, Banyankole 9.6%, Basoga 8.8%, Bakiga 7.1%, Iteso 7%, Langi 6.3%, Bagisu 4.9%, Acholi 4.4%, Lugbara 3.3%, other 32.1% (2014 est.)" }, "Languages": { - "text": "English (official language, taught in schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages and the language used most often in the capital), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili (official), Arabic" + "text": "English (official), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages and the language used most often in the capital), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili (official), Arabic" }, "Religions": { "text": "Protestant 45.1% (Anglican 32.0%, Pentecostal/Born Again/Evangelical 11.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.7%, Baptist .3%), Roman Catholic 39.3%, Muslim 13.7%, other 1.6%, none 0.2% (2014 est.)" @@ -524,6 +524,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 9 October (1962)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1995, promulgated 8 October 1995" @@ -532,9 +535,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership in the second and third readings; proposals affecting \"entrenched clauses,\" including the sovereignty of the people, supremacy of the constitution, human rights and freedoms, the democratic and multiparty form of government, presidential term of office, independence of the judiciary, and the institutions of traditional or cultural leaders, also requires passage by referendum, ratification by at least two-thirds majority vote of district council members in at least two thirds of Uganda's districts, and assent of the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2018" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -846,19 +846,10 @@ "text": "$6.896 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "53.89% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "51.3% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "44.19% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1172,11 +1163,6 @@ "text": "

the UPDF’s missions include defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Uganda, assisting the civilian authorities in emergencies and natural disasters, and participating in socio-economic development projects; it supports the police in maintaining internal security and participates in African and UN peacekeeping missions; it is a key contributor to the East Africa Standby Force; the UPDF also has considerable political influence; it is constitutionally granted seats in parliament and is widely viewed as a key constituency for MUSEVENI; it has been used by MUSEVENI and his political party to break up rallies, raid opposition offices, and surveil rival candidates 

the UPDF is viewed as a well-equipped force with considerable operational experience; from 2012-2017, it led regional efforts to pursue the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a small, violent group of Ugandan origin that conducted widespread attacks against civilians in much of Central Africa; Uganda intervened in the South Sudan civil war in 2013-2016, and UPDF forces have clashed with South Sudanese forces along the border as recently as 2023; it is also conducting operations along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) against the Allied Democratic Front (ADF), which has been designated by the US as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in the DRC (see Appendix T); in December 2022, Uganda sent about 1,000 UPDF troops to the DRC as part of a regional force to assist the DRC Government in combating the M23 rebel group; in addition, elements of the UPDF are deployed in the northeast region of Karamoja against cattle rustlers and criminal gangs

the military traces its history back to the formation of the Uganda Rifles in 1895 under the British colonial government; the Uganda Rifles were merged with the Central Africa Regiment and the East Africa Rifles to form the King’s African Rifles (KAR) in 1902, which participated in both world wars, as well as the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya (1952-1960); in 1962, the Ugandan battalion of the KAR was transformed into the country's first military force, the Uganda Rifles, which was subsequently renamed the Uganda Army; the UPDF was established in 1995 from the former rebel National Resistance Army following the enactment of the 1995 Constitution of Uganda

(2023)" } }, - "Space": { - "Space program overview": { - "text": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" - } - }, "Terrorism": { "Terrorist group(s)": { "text": "al-Shabaab; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - Democratic Republic of Congo (ISIS-DRC)", diff --git a/africa/uv.json b/africa/uv.json index b6086861..ca8942e8 100644 --- a/africa/uv.json +++ b/africa/uv.json @@ -530,6 +530,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Republic Day, 11 December (1958); note - commemorates the day that Upper Volta became an autonomous republic in the French Community" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law based on the French model and customary law; in mid-2019, the National Assembly amended the penal code" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved by referendum 2 June 1991, adopted 11 June 1991, temporarily suspended late October to mid-November 2014; initial draft of a new constitution to usher in the new republic was completed in January 2017 and a final draft was submitted to the government in December 2017; a constitutional referendum originally scheduled for adoption in March 2019 was postponed; on 1 March 2022 a transition charter was adopted, allowing military authorities to rule for three years and barring the transitional president from being an electoral candidate after the transition" @@ -538,9 +541,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president, by a majority of National Assembly membership, or by petition of at least 30,000 eligible voters submitted to the Assembly; passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote in the Assembly; failure to meet that threshold requires majority voter approval in a referendum; constitutional provisions on the form of government, the multiparty system, and national sovereignty cannot be amended; amended several times" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law based on the French model and customary law; in mid-2019, the National Assembly amended the penal code" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -840,19 +840,10 @@ "text": "$3.757 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-7.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "62.53% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "55.74% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "73.39% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1159,6 +1150,11 @@ "IDPs": { "text": "

2,062,534 (2023)

" } + }, + "Trafficking in persons": { + "tier rating": { + "text": "Tier 2 Watch list — Burkina Faso did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period and was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/burkina-faso/" + } } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/africa/wa.json b/africa/wa.json index 2071b703..045dbb9d 100644 --- a/africa/wa.json +++ b/africa/wa.json @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ "text": "Ovambo 50%, Kavangos 9%, Herero 7%, Damara 7%, mixed European and African ancestry 6.5%, European 6%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, San 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5%" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Oshiwambo languages 49.7%, Nama/Damara 11%, Kavango languages 10.4%, Afrikaans 9.4% (also a common language), Herero languages 9.2%, Zambezi languages 4.9%, English (official) 2.3%, other African languages 1.5%, other European languages 0.7%, other 1% (2016 est.)", + "text": "Oshiwambo languages 49.7%, Nama/Damara 11%, Kavango languages 10.4%, Afrikaans 9.4%, Herero languages 9.2%, Zambezi languages 4.9%, English (official) 2.3%, other African languages 1.5%, other European languages 0.7%, other 1% (2016 est.)", "note": "note: Namibia has 13 recognized national languages, including 10 indigenous African languages and 3 European languages" }, "Religions": { @@ -531,6 +531,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 21 March (1990)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of uncodified civil law based on Roman-Dutch law and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "adopted 9 February 1990, entered into force 21 March 1990" @@ -539,9 +542,6 @@ "text": "passage requires majority vote of the National Assembly membership and of the National Council of Parliament and assent of the president of the republic; if the National Council fails to pass an amendment, the president can call for a referendum; passage by referendum requires two-thirds majority of votes cast; amendments that detract from or repeal constitutional articles on fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended, and the requisite majorities needed by Parliament to amend the constitution cannot be changed; amended 1998, 2010, 2014" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of uncodified civil law based on Roman-Dutch law and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -842,19 +842,10 @@ "text": "$4.693 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2019": { "text": "4.64% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2018": { - "text": "5.49% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "5.44% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/wz.json b/africa/wz.json index 8c0095bf..a972916c 100644 --- a/africa/wz.json +++ b/africa/wz.json @@ -502,6 +502,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day (Somhlolo Day), 6 September (1968)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil, common, and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1968, 1978; latest signed by the king 26 July 2005, effective 8 February 2006" @@ -510,9 +513,6 @@ "text": "proposed at a joint sitting of both houses of Parliament; passage requires majority vote by both houses and/or majority vote in a referendum, and assent of the king; passage of amendments affecting \"specially entrenched\" constitutional provisions requires at least three-fourths majority vote by both houses, passage by simple majority vote in a referendum, and assent of the king; passage of \"entrenched\" provisions requires at least two-thirds majority vote of both houses, passage in a referendum, and assent of the king" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil, common, and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -799,18 +799,9 @@ "text": "$1.454 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-8.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2021": { "text": "35.4% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "39.83% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "30.61% of GDP (2019 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/za.json b/africa/za.json index 47c258cf..188024f7 100644 --- a/africa/za.json +++ b/africa/za.json @@ -532,6 +532,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 24 October (1964)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 24 August 1991, promulgated 30 August 1991" @@ -540,9 +543,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly in two separate readings at least 30 days apart; passage of amendments affecting fundamental rights and freedoms requires approval by at least one half of votes cast in a referendum prior to consideration and voting by the Assembly; amended 1996, 2015, 2016; note - in late 2020, an amendment which would have altered the structure of the constitution was defeated in the National Assembly" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -846,19 +846,10 @@ "text": "$7.044 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-7.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2021": { "text": "71.41% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "103.54% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "61.93% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/africa/zi.json b/africa/zi.json index 918a8cbe..d982bb8d 100644 --- a/africa/zi.json +++ b/africa/zi.json @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ "text": "African 99.6% (predominantly Shona; Ndebele is the second largest ethnic group), other (includes Caucasian, Asiatic, mixed race) 0.4% (2022 est.)" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Shona (official; most widely spoken) 80.9%, Ndebele (official, second most widely spoken) 11.5%, English (official; traditionally used for official business) 0.3%, 13 minority languages (official; includes Chewa, Chibarwe, Kalanga, Koisan, Nambya, Ndau, Shangani, sign language, Sotho, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, and Xhosa) 7%, other 0.3% (2022 est.)", + "text": "Shona (official, most widely spoken) 80.9%, Ndebele (official, second most widely spoken) 11.5%, English (official, traditionally used for official business) 0.3%, 13 minority languages (official; includes Chewa, Chibarwe, Kalanga, Koisan, Nambya, Ndau, Shangani, sign language, Sotho, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, and Xhosa) 7%, other 0.3% (2022 est.)", "note": "note: data represent population by mother tongue" }, "Religions": { @@ -538,6 +538,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 18 April (1980)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Roman-Dutch civil law, and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1965 (at Rhodesian independence), 1979 (Lancaster House Agreement), 1980 (at Zimbabwean independence); latest final draft completed January 2013, approved by referendum 16 March 2013, approved by Parliament 9 May 2013, effective 22 May 2013" @@ -546,9 +549,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the Senate or by the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses of Parliament and assent of the president of the republic; amendments to constitutional chapters on fundamental human rights and freedoms and on agricultural lands also require approval by a majority of votes cast in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2017" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Roman-Dutch civil law, and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ "text": "

Senate - last held for elected member on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028)

National Assembly - last held on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028); note - a byelection was held on 11 November 2023 due to the death of a candidate during the August general election; a special byelection was held on 9 December 2023 after nine opposition lawmakers were removed from their seats and disqualified from running again; another byelection was held on 3 February 2024 for six open seats

" }, "election results": { - "text": "


Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 33, CCC- 27, Chiefs 18, people with disabilities 2; composition - men 36, women 35, percentage of women 49.3%

National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 190, CCC-93; composition - men 192, women 75, percentage women 28.1%; total Parliament percentage women 32.5%

" + "text": "

Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 33, CCC- 27, Chiefs 18, people with disabilities 2; composition - men 36, women 35, percentage of women 49.3%

National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 190, CCC-93; composition - men 192, women 75, percentage women 28.1%; total Parliament percentage women 32.5%

" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ } }, "Political parties": { - "text": "Citizens Coalition for Change 
Movement for Democratic Change - MDC-T 
National People's Congress- NPC- 
Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF 
Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU" + "text": "Citizens Coalition for Change 
Movement for Democratic Change or MDC-T 
National People's Congress or NPC 
Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF 
Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNSOM, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -840,15 +840,9 @@ "text": "$23 million (2018 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-9.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "82.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "69.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/aq.json b/australia-oceania/aq.json index 450d5cd7..a8f9ff48 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/aq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/aq.json @@ -389,6 +389,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Flag Day, 17 April (1900)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of US common law and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "adopted 17 October 1960; revised 1 July 1967" @@ -397,9 +400,6 @@ "text": "proposed by either house of the Legislative Assembly; passage requires three-fifths majority vote by the membership of each house, approval by simple majority vote in a referendum, approval by the US Secretary of the Interior, and only by an act of the US Congress; amended several times, last in 2021" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of US common law and customary law" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see United States
Note: in accordance with US Code Title 8, Section 1408, persons born in American Samoa are US nationals but not US citizens" }, @@ -575,9 +575,6 @@ "text": "$262.5 million (2016 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.1% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2016": { "text": "12.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/as.json b/australia-oceania/as.json index 94d53320..fbe8a108 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/as.json +++ b/australia-oceania/as.json @@ -534,6 +534,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Australia Day (commemorates the arrival of the First Fleet of Australian settlers), 26 January (1788); ANZAC Day (commemorates the anniversary of the landing of troops of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during World War I at Gallipoli, Turkey), 25 April (1915)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law system based on the English model" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "approved in a series of referenda from 1898 through 1900 and became law 9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901" @@ -542,9 +545,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires approval of a referendum bill by absolute majority vote in both houses of Parliament, approval in a referendum by a majority of voters in at least four states and in the territories, and Royal Assent; proposals that would reduce a state’s representation in either house or change a state’s boundaries require that state’s approval prior to Royal Assent; amended several times, last in 1977" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law system based on the English model" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -859,19 +859,10 @@ "text": "$532.579 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "57.97% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "69.91% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "69.22% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/bp.json b/australia-oceania/bp.json index 7098c2af..2097d4f5 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/bp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/bp.json @@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ "text": "Melanesian 95.3%, Polynesian 3.1%, Micronesian 1.2%, other 0.3% (2009 est.)" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Melanesian pidgin (in much of the country is lingua franca), English (official but spoken by only 1%-2% of the population), 120 indigenous languages" + "text": "Melanesian pidgin (lingua franca in much of the country), English (official but spoken by only 1%-2% of the population), 120 indigenous languages" }, "Religions": { "text": "Protestant 73.4% (Church of Melanesia 31.9%, South Sea Evangelical 17.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 11.7%, United Church 10.1%, Christian Fellowship Church 2.5%), Roman Catholic 19.6%, other Christian 2.9%, other 4%, unspecified 0.1% (2009 est.)" @@ -461,6 +461,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 7 July (1978)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "adopted 31 May 1978, effective 7 July 1978; note - in late 2017, provincial leaders agreed to adopt a new federal constitution; progress has been stalled, but as of February 2023, the draft constitution was with the Constitutional Review Unit in the prime minister's office " @@ -469,9 +472,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Parliament; passage of constitutional sections, including those on fundamental rights and freedoms, the legal system, Parliament, alteration of the constitution and the ombudsman, requires three-fourths majority vote by Parliament and assent of the governor general; passage of other amendments requires two-thirds majority vote and assent of the governor general; amended several times, last in 2018" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -553,8 +553,17 @@ } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { + "chief of mission": { + "text": "Ambassador Ann Marie YASTISHOCK (since 14 March 2024); note - also accredited to the Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu, based in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea" + }, "embassy": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in the Solomon Islands; the US Ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to the Solomon Islands" + "text": "BJS Building
Commonwealth Avenue
Honiara, Solomon Islands" + }, + "telephone": { + "text": "[677] 23426" + }, + "FAX": { + "text": "[677] 27429" } }, "Flag description": { @@ -713,14 +722,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "12.7% (2012 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { - "text": "37.1 (2013 est.)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "5.18% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -741,19 +742,10 @@ "text": "$537 million (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "15.39% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "11.46% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "7.74% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ck.json b/australia-oceania/ck.json index 1f2ef8ab..f88c8fa0 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ck.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ck.json @@ -275,14 +275,6 @@ "Industries": { "text": "copra products, tourism" }, - "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2011": { - "text": "0.1% (2011)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2000": { - "text": "60% (2000 est.)" - } - }, "Budget": { "revenues": { "text": "NA" @@ -309,20 +301,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -" }, - "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "1.311 (2017 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "1.505 (2023 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1.3442 (2016 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "1.442 (2022 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1.3442 (2015)" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.331 (2021 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.3291 (2014)" + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1.453 (2020 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.1094 (2013)" + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1.439 (2019 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/cq.json b/australia-oceania/cq.json index e7bd511a..9293cf0c 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cq.json @@ -395,6 +395,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Commonwealth Day, 8 January (1978)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "the laws of the US apply, except for customs and some aspects of taxation" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "partially effective 9 January 1978 (Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands); fully effective 4 November 1986 (Covenant Agreement)" @@ -403,9 +406,6 @@ "text": "proposed by constitutional convention, by public petition, or by the Legislature; ratification of proposed amendments requires approval by voters at the next general election or special election; amendments proposed by constitutional convention or by petition become effective if approved by a majority of voters and at least two-thirds majority of voters in each of two senatorial districts; amendments proposed by the Legislature are effective if approved by majority vote; amended several times, last in 2012" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "the laws of the US apply, except for customs and some aspects of taxation" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see United States" }, @@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of the Northern Mariana Islands do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in Democratic and Republican party presidential primary elections; governor directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; election last held on 8 November 2022 with a runoff held on 25 November 2022 (next to be held in 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "Arnold PALACIOS elected governor in second round; percent of vote in first round - Ralph TORRES (Republican) 38.8%; Arnold PALACIOS (independent) 32.2%, Tina SABLAN (Democrat) 28%; percent of vote - Arnold PALACIOS 54%, Ralph TORRES 46%; David APATANG (independent) elected lieutenant governor" + "text": "
2022: Arnold PALACIOS elected governor in second round; percent of vote in first round - Ralph TORRES (Republican) 38.8%; Arnold PALACIOS (independent) 32.2%, Tina SABLAN (Democrat) 28%; percent of vote - Arnold PALACIOS 54%, Ralph TORRES 46%; David APATANG (independent) elected lieutenant governor

2018: Ralph TORRES elected governor; percent of vote - Ralph TORRES (Republican) 62.2%, Juan BABAUTA (Independent) 37.8%;  Arnold PALACIOS elected Lieutenant Governor" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -571,18 +571,6 @@ "text": "4.3% (2014 est.)", "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" }, - "Labor force": { - "text": "27,970 (2010 est.)", - "note": "note: includes foreign workers" - }, - "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2010": { - "text": "11.2% (2010 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2005": { - "text": "8% (2005 est.)" - } - }, "Budget": { "revenues": { "text": "$389.6 million (2016 est.)" @@ -591,9 +579,6 @@ "text": "$344 million (2015 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "3.7% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "7.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/cw.json b/australia-oceania/cw.json index 61a26a1d..4d2a7692 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/cw.json +++ b/australia-oceania/cw.json @@ -439,6 +439,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Constitution Day, the first Monday in August (1965)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law similar to New Zealand common law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "4 August 1965 (Cook Islands Constitution Act 1964)" @@ -447,9 +450,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Parliament membership in each of several readings and assent of the chief of state’s representative; passage of amendments relating to the chief of state also requires two-thirds majority approval in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2004" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law similar to New Zealand common law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration (New Zealand normally retains responsibility for external affairs); accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -591,19 +591,10 @@ "text": "$77.9 million (2010)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "3% (of GDP) (2010 est.)" - }, "Exports": { "Exports 2021": { "text": "$31.4 million (2021 est.)" }, - "Exports 2011": { - "text": "$3.125 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2010": { - "text": "$5.163 million (2010 est.)" - }, "note": "note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports." }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -617,12 +608,6 @@ "Imports": { "Imports 2021": { "text": "$215 million (2021 est.)" - }, - "Imports 2011": { - "text": "$109.3 million (2011 est.)" - }, - "Imports 2010": { - "text": "$90.62 million (2010 est.)" } }, "Imports - partners": { @@ -640,22 +625,22 @@ }, "Exchange rates": { "Currency": { - "text": "NZ dollars (NZD) per US dollar -" + "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar -" }, - "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "1.416 (2017 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "1.628 (2023 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1.4341 (2016 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "1.577 (2022 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1.4341 (2015 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.414 (2021 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.441 (2014 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1.542 (2020 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.4279 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1.518 (2019 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/fj.json b/australia-oceania/fj.json index bafdb04e..b88127a7 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fj.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fj.json @@ -486,6 +486,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Fiji (Independence) Day, 10 October (1970)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law system based on the English model" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest signed into law 6 September 2013" @@ -494,9 +497,6 @@ "text": "proposed as a bill by Parliament and supported by at least three quarters of its members, followed by referral to the president and then to the Electoral Commission, which conducts a referendum; passage requires approval by at least three-quarters of registered voters and assent by the president" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law system based on the English model" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -797,15 +797,9 @@ "text": "$1.515 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "48.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "47.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1135,5 +1129,10 @@ } }, "Transnational Issues": { + "Trafficking in persons": { + "tier rating": { + "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Fiji was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/fiji/" + } + } } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/australia-oceania/fm.json b/australia-oceania/fm.json index 37fa5c47..9b20533b 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fm.json @@ -429,6 +429,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Constitution Day, 10 May (1979)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of common and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "drafted June 1975, ratified 1 October 1978, entered into force 10 May 1979" @@ -437,9 +440,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Congress, by a constitutional convention, or by public petition; passage requires approval by at least three-fourths majority vote in at least three fourths of the states; amended 1990; note – at least every 10 years as part of a general or special election, voters are asked whether to hold a constitution convention; a majority of affirmative votes is required to proceed; amended many times, last in 2019 (approval by referendum to hold a constitutional convention)" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of common and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ "text": "president and vice president indirectly elected by Congress from among the 4 'at large' senators for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 12 May 2023 (next to be held in 2027)" }, "election results": { - "text": "David W. PANUELO elected president by Congress; Yosiwo P. GEORGE reelected vice president" + "text": "
2023: David W. PANUELO elected president by Congress; Yosiwo P. GEORGE reelected vice president

2019: David W. PANUELO elected president by Congress; Yosiwo P. GEORGE reelected vice president " }, "note": "note: the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, @@ -668,14 +668,6 @@ "text": "0.78% (2023 est.)", "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" }, - "Labor force": { - "text": "37,920 (2010 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2010": { - "text": "16.2% (2010 est.)" - } - }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { "text": "18.9% (2014)" @@ -687,25 +679,6 @@ "text": "29.9%" } }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "41.2% (2013 est.)", - "note": "note: % of population with income below national poverty line" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { - "text": "40.1 (2013 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality" - }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "1.9%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "29.7% (2013 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population" - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "5.07% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -726,19 +699,10 @@ "text": "$223 million (2018 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "6.6% (of GDP) (FY12/13 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2020": { "text": "27.86% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "24.15% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2018": { - "text": "23.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/fp.json b/australia-oceania/fp.json index 29bc869b..f4faa0f9 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/fp.json +++ b/australia-oceania/fp.json @@ -407,6 +407,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Fête de la Fédération, 14 July (1790); note - the local holiday is Internal Autonomy Day, 29 June (1880)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "the laws of France, where applicable, apply" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "4 October 1958 (French Constitution)" @@ -415,9 +418,6 @@ "text": "French constitution amendment procedures apply" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "the laws of France, where applicable, apply" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see France" }, @@ -624,9 +624,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "19.7% (2009 est.)" - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2022": { "text": "10% of GDP (2022 est.)" @@ -647,12 +644,6 @@ "text": "$1.833 billion (2011)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.2% (of GDP) (2012)" - }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "39.4% (of GDP) (2012)" - }, "Current account balance": { "Current account balance 2016": { "text": "$411.963 million (2016 est.)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/gq.json b/australia-oceania/gq.json index 581e76cf..016dd585 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/gq.json +++ b/australia-oceania/gq.json @@ -400,6 +400,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Discovery Day (or Magellan Day), first Monday in March (1521)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law modeled on US system; US federal laws apply" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "effective 1 July 1950 (Guam Act of 1950 serves as a constitution)" @@ -408,9 +411,6 @@ "text": "amended many times, last in 2015" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law modeled on US system; US federal laws apply" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see United States" }, @@ -606,9 +606,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "23% (2001 est.)" - }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { "text": "34.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" @@ -625,15 +622,9 @@ "text": "$1.299 billion (2016 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2016": { "text": "22.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2013": { - "text": "32.1% of GDP (2013)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/kr.json b/australia-oceania/kr.json index f353232d..a50deb49 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kr.json @@ -476,6 +476,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 12 July (1979)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "English common law supplemented by customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "The Gilbert and Ellice Islands Order in Council 1915, The Gilbert Islands Order in Council 1975 (preindependence); latest promulgated 12 July 1979 (at independence)" @@ -484,9 +487,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the House of Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership; passage of amendments affecting the constitutional section on amendment procedures and parts of the constitutional chapter on citizenship requires deferral of the proposal to the next Assembly meeting where approval is required by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership and support of the nominated or elected Banaban member of the Assembly; amendments affecting the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms also requires approval by at least two-thirds majority in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2018" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "English common law supplemented by customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -571,9 +571,10 @@ } }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { - "embassy": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Kiribati; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Kiribati" - } + "chief of mission": { + "text": "Ambassador Marie DAMOUR (since 6 December 2022); note - Ambassador DAMOUR is based in the US Embassy in the Republic of Fiji and is accredited to Kiribati as well as Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu" + }, + "note": "Note:  the US does not have an embassy in Kiribati but has announced its intention to open an embassy" }, "Flag description": { "text": "the upper half is red with a yellow frigatebird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the Pacific ocean; the white stripes represent the three island groups - the Gilbert, Line, and Phoenix Islands; the 17 rays of the sun represent the 16 Gilbert Islands and Banaba (formerly Ocean Island); the frigatebird symbolizes authority and freedom" @@ -677,18 +678,6 @@ "text": "21.11% (2021 est.)", "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" }, - "Labor force": { - "text": "39,000 (2010 est.)", - "note": "note: economically active, not including subsistence farmers" - }, - "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2010": { - "text": "30.6% (2010 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2005": { - "text": "6.1% (2005)" - } - }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { "text": "22.5% (2019 est.)" @@ -739,15 +728,9 @@ "text": "$205 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-64.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "26.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "22.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -806,11 +789,6 @@ "text": "ships, refined petroleum, rice, twine and rope, prepared meat (2022)", "note": "note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold": { - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2010": { - "text": "$8.37 million (31 December 2010 est.)" - } - }, "Debt - external": { "Debt - external 2016": { "text": "$40.9 million (2016 est.)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/kt.json b/australia-oceania/kt.json index 7c7f6a69..85150764 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/kt.json +++ b/australia-oceania/kt.json @@ -303,20 +303,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -" }, - "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "1.311 (2017 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "1.505 (2023 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1.3442 (2016 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "1.442 (2022 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1.3442 (2015)" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.331 (2021 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.3291 (2014 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1.453 (2020 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.1094 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1.439 (2019 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/nc.json b/australia-oceania/nc.json index 14c9424e..9bbc2b0d 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nc.json @@ -401,6 +401,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Fête de la Fédération, 14 July (1790); note - the local holiday is New Caledonia Day, 24 September (1853)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on French civil law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "4 October 1958 (French Constitution with changes as reflected in the Noumea Accord of 5 May 1998)" @@ -409,9 +412,6 @@ "text": "French constitution amendment procedures apply" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on French civil law" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see France" }, @@ -620,9 +620,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "17% (2008)" - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2022": { "text": "6.45% of GDP (2022 est.)" @@ -643,15 +640,9 @@ "text": "$1.993 billion (2015 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0% (of GDP) (2015 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2015": { "text": "6.5% of GDP (2015 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2014": { - "text": "6.5% of GDP (2014 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/ne.json b/australia-oceania/ne.json index dd4f7c5a..7dbb8732 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ne.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ne.json @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ "note": "note: data represent the resident population" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Niuean (official) 46% (a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan), Niuean and English 32%, English (official) 11%, Niuean and others 5%, other 6% (2011 est.)" + "text": "Niuean 46% (official, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan), Niuean and English 32%, English (official) 11%, Niuean and others 5%, other 6% (2011 est.)" }, "Religions": { "text": "Ekalesia Niue (Congregational Christian Church of Niue - a Protestant church founded by missionaries from the London Missionary Society) 61.7%, Church of Jesus Christ 8.7%, Roman Catholic 8.4%, Jehovah's Witness 2.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.4%, other 8.2%, none 8.9% (2017 est.)" @@ -284,6 +284,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "English common law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous (New Zealand colonial statutes); latest 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act 1974)" @@ -292,9 +295,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership in each of three readings and approval by at least two-thirds majority votes in a referendum; passage of amendments to a number of sections, including Niue’s self-governing status, British nationality and New Zealand citizenship, external affairs and defense, economic and administrative assistance by New Zealand, and amendment procedures, requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly and at least two thirds of votes in a referendum; amended 1992, 2007; note - in early 2021, the constitution review committee of the Assembly requested suggestions from the public about changes to the constitution" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "English common law" - }, "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age; universal" }, @@ -422,9 +422,6 @@ "text": "$16.33 million (FY04/05)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-12.6% (of GDP) (FY04/05)" - }, "Exports": { "Exports 2021": { "text": "$5.68 million (2021 est.)" @@ -460,20 +457,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar -" }, - "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "1.416 (2017 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "1.628 (2023 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1.4279 (2016 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "1.577 (2022 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1.4279 (2015)" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.414 (2021 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.4279 (2014 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1.542 (2020 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.2039 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1.518 (2019 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/nf.json b/australia-oceania/nf.json index 4daf2f5f..1ed2f1c3 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nf.json @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ "note": "note: respondents were able to identify up to two ancestries; percentages represent a proportion of all responses from people in Norfolk Island, including those who did not identify an ancestry; only top responses are shown" }, "Languages": { - "text": "English (official) 44.9%, Norfolk (official; also known as Norfuk or Norf'k, which is a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian) 40.3%, Fijian 1.8%, other 6.8%, unspecified 6.2% (2016 est.)", + "text": "English (official) 44.9%, Norfolk (official, a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian) 40.3%, Fijian 1.8%, other 6.8%, unspecified 6.2% (2016 est.)", "note": "note: data represent language spoken at home" }, "Religions": { @@ -324,20 +324,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -" }, - "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "1.311 (2017 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "1.505 (2023 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1.3291 (2016 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "1.442 (2022 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1.3291 (2015)" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.331 (2021 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.3291 (2014 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1.453 (2020 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.1094 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1.439 (2019 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/nh.json b/australia-oceania/nh.json index e7c319ff..81fe0513 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nh.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nh.json @@ -468,6 +468,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 30 July (1980)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, French law, and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "draft completed August 1979, finalized by constitution conference 19 September 1979, ratified by French and British Governments 23 October 1979, effective 30 July 1980 at independence" @@ -476,9 +479,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the prime minister or by the Parliament membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by Parliament in special session with at least three fourths of the membership; passage of amendments affecting the national and official languages, or the electoral and parliamentary system also requires approval in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2013" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, French law, and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -564,8 +564,11 @@ "note": "note - the Vanuatu Permanent Mission to the UN serves as the embassy" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { + "chief of mission": { + "text": "Ambassador Ann Marie YASTISHOCK (since 16 April 2024); note - also accredited to the Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, based in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea" + }, "embassy": { - "text": "the US does not have an embassy in Vanuatu; the US Ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to Vanuatu" + "text": "Port Vila" } }, "Flag description": { @@ -758,18 +761,9 @@ "text": "$355 million (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2021": { "text": "87.07% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "48.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "46.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nr.json b/australia-oceania/nr.json index d662cb67..061c5f1c 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nr.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nr.json @@ -439,6 +439,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 31 January (1968)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of common law based on the English model and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "effective 29 January 1968" @@ -447,9 +450,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament; amendments to constitutional articles, such as the republican form of government, protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, the structure and authorities of the executive and legislative branches, also require two-thirds majority of votes in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2018" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of common law based on the English model and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ "text": "president indirectly elected by Parliament for 3-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 30 October 2023 (next to be held in 2026)" }, "election results": { - "text": "2023: David ADEAGN elected president over Delvin THOMA, 10-8" + "text": "
2023: David ADEAGN elected president over Delvin THOMA, 10-8

2022: Russ KUN elected president unopposed" }, "note": "note: the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, @@ -631,30 +631,6 @@ "text": "4.3% (2014 est.)", "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" }, - "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2011": { - "text": "23% (2011 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2004": { - "text": "90% (2004 est.)" - } - }, - "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { - "total": { - "text": "26.6% (2013)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "20.9%" - }, - "female": { - "text": "37.5%" - } - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2012": { - "text": "34.8 (2012 est.)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2018": { "text": "4.99% of GDP (2018 est.)" @@ -675,15 +651,9 @@ "text": "$158 million (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-9.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "62% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "65% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/nz.json b/australia-oceania/nz.json index e69a998b..0061cd27 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/nz.json +++ b/australia-oceania/nz.json @@ -505,6 +505,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840); Anzac Day (commemorated as the anniversary of the landing of troops of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during World War I at Gallipoli, Turkey), 25 April (1915)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law system, based on English model, with special legislation and land courts for the Maori" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "New Zealand has no single constitution document; the Constitution Act 1986, effective 1 January 1987, includes only part of the uncodified constitution; others include a collection of statutes or \"acts of Parliament,\" the Treaty of Waitangi, Orders in Council, letters patent, court decisions, and unwritten conventions" @@ -513,9 +516,6 @@ "text": "proposed as bill by Parliament or by referendum called either by the government or by citizens; passage of a bill as an act normally requires two separate readings with committee reviews in between to make changes and corrections, a third reading approved by the House of Representatives membership or by the majority of votes in a referendum, and assent of the governor-general; passage of amendments to reserved constitutional provisions affecting the term of Parliament, electoral districts, and voting restrictions requires approval by 75% of the House membership or the majority of votes in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law system, based on English model, with special legislation and land courts for the Maori" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -784,11 +784,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1997": { - "text": "36.2 (1997)" - } - }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { "text": "12.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" @@ -817,19 +812,10 @@ "text": "$88.593 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "54.57% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "51.37% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "46.12% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/pc.json b/australia-oceania/pc.json index 36185e7d..5782bceb 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/pc.json +++ b/australia-oceania/pc.json @@ -294,20 +294,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar -" }, - "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "1.416 (2017 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "1.628 (2023 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1.4279 (2016 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "1.577 (2022 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1.4279 (2015)" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.414 (2021 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1.4279 (2014 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1.542 (2020 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "1.2039 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1.518 (2019 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/ps.json b/australia-oceania/ps.json index 9a1f8f21..7897dc56 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ps.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ps.json @@ -449,6 +449,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Constitution Day, 9 July (1981), day of a national referendum to pass the new constitution; Independence Day, 1 October (1994)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil, common, and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "ratified 9 July 1980, effective 1 January 1981" @@ -457,9 +460,6 @@ "text": "proposed by a constitutional convention (held at least once every 15 years with voter approval), by public petition of at least 25% of eligible voters, or by a resolution adopted by at least three fourths of National Congress members; passage requires approval by a majority of votes in at least three fourths of the states in the next regular general election; amended several times, last in 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil, common, and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -693,9 +693,6 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "Unemployment rate 2015": { "text": "1.7% (2015 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2012": { - "text": "4.1% (2012)" } }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { @@ -703,9 +700,6 @@ "text": "5.6% (2014)" } }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "24.9% (2006)" - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "0.38% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -726,19 +720,10 @@ "text": "$121 million (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "8.8% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2019": { "text": "85.24% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2018": { - "text": "83.79% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "77.99% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/rm.json b/australia-oceania/rm.json index e9812628..be9c1c98 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/rm.json +++ b/australia-oceania/rm.json @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Marshallese (official) 98.2%, other languages 1.8% (1999 est.)" + "text": "Marshallese (official) 98.2%, other languages 1.8% (1999)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "


Bok eo an Lalin kin Melele ko Rejimwe ej jikin ebōk melele ko raurōk. (Marshallese)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

" @@ -466,6 +466,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Constitution Day, 1 May (1979)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of US and English common law, customary law, and local statutes" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "effective 1 May 1979" @@ -474,9 +477,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Parliament or by a constitutional convention; passage by Parliament requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership in each of two readings and approval by a majority of votes in a referendum; amendments submitted by a constitutional convention require approval of at least two thirds of votes in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2018" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of US and English common law, customary law, and local statutes" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Hilda C. HEINE (since 3 January 2023) " + "text": "President Hilda C. HEINE (since 3 January 2023)" }, "head of government": { "text": "President Hilda C. HEINE (since 3 January 2023)" @@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ "text": "president indirectly elected by the Nitijela from among its members for a 4-year term (no term limits); election last held on 2 January 2023 (next to be held in 2027)" }, "election results": { - "text": "2023: Hilda C. HEINE elected president; National Parliament vote - Hilda C. HEINE (independent) 17, David KABUA (independent) 16

2020: David KABUA elected president; National Parliament vote - David KABUA (independent) 20, Hilda C. HEINE (independent) 12" + "text": "
2023: Hilda C. HEINE elected president; National Parliament vote - Hilda C. HEINE (independent) 17, David KABUA (independent) 16

2020: David KABUA elected president; National Parliament vote - David KABUA (independent) 20, Hilda C. HEINE (independent) 12" }, "note": "note: the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, @@ -698,9 +698,6 @@ "text": "10.24% (2022 est.)", "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" }, - "Labor force": { - "text": "10,670 (2013 est.)" - }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { "text": "26% (2019 est.)" @@ -751,19 +748,10 @@ "text": "$153 million (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.3% (of GDP) (2013 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2019": { "text": "41.73% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2018": { - "text": "44.12% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "47.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/tl.json b/australia-oceania/tl.json index 916915c4..41e9cda3 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tl.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tl.json @@ -449,8 +449,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar -" }, - "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "1.543 (2017 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "1.628 (2023 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "1.577 (2022 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "1.414 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1.542 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1.518 (2019 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/tn.json b/australia-oceania/tn.json index a9082e7d..1af12601 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tn.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tn.json @@ -486,6 +486,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Official Birthday of King TUPOU VI, 4 July (1959); note - actual birthday of the monarch is 12 July 1959, 4 July (2015) is the day the king was crowned; Constitution Day (National Day), 4 November (1875)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "English common law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "adopted 4 November 1875, revised 1988, 2016" @@ -494,9 +497,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the Legislative Assembly; passage requires approval by the Assembly in each of three readings, the unanimous approval of the Privy Council (a high-level advisory body to the monarch), the Cabinet, and assent to by the monarch; revised 1988; amended many times, last in 2013" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "English common law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -771,19 +771,10 @@ "text": "$196 million (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2020": { "text": "45.02% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "42.55% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2018": { - "text": "48.7% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/australia-oceania/tv.json b/australia-oceania/tv.json index 4a0c858f..ec80b75b 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/tv.json +++ b/australia-oceania/tv.json @@ -464,6 +464,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 1 October (1978)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and local customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1978 (at independence); latest effective 1 October 1986" @@ -472,9 +475,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the House of Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership in the final reading; amended 2007, 2010, 2013, 2023" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and local customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -681,14 +681,6 @@ "text": "45.9%" } }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "26.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2010": { - "text": "39.1 (2010 est.)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "4.82% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -710,21 +702,11 @@ }, "note": "note: revenue data include Official Development Assistance from Australia" }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "25.6% (of GDP) (2013 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "37% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "47.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "106.7% (of GDP) (2013 est.)", - "note": "note: revenue data include Official Development Assistance from Australia" - }, "Current account balance": { "Current account balance 2022": { "text": "$2.713 million (2022 est.)" diff --git a/australia-oceania/wf.json b/australia-oceania/wf.json index 6a417a4b..e6447148 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/wf.json +++ b/australia-oceania/wf.json @@ -378,6 +378,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "French civil law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "4 October 1958 (French Constitution)" @@ -386,9 +389,6 @@ "text": "French constitution amendment procedures apply" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "French civil law" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see France" }, @@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ "text": "PIF (observer), SPC, UPU" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { - "text": "none (overseas collectivity of France)" + "text": "none (overseas territory of France)" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "text": "none (overseas collectivity of France)" @@ -462,9 +462,6 @@ "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015": { "text": "0.9% (2015)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2005": { - "text": "2.8% (2005)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -492,17 +489,6 @@ "Industries": { "text": "copra, handicrafts, fishing, lumber" }, - "Labor force": { - "text": "4,482 (2013)" - }, - "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2013": { - "text": "8.8% (2013 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2008": { - "text": "12.2% (2008 est.)" - } - }, "Budget": { "revenues": { "text": "$32.54 million (2015 est.)" @@ -511,15 +497,6 @@ "text": "$34.18 million (2015 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.8% (of GDP) (2015 est.)" - }, - "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2004": { - "text": "5.6% of GDP (2004 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: offical data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" - }, "Taxes and other revenues": { "text": "16.7% (of GDP) (2015 est.)" }, @@ -546,17 +523,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar -" }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "110.2 (2015 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "110.347 (2023 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "89.8 (2014 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "113.474 (2022 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "89.85 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "100.88 (2021 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2012": { - "text": "90.56 (2012 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "104.711 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "110.347 (2019 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/australia-oceania/ws.json b/australia-oceania/ws.json index 1d43c792..4d25ceaf 100644 --- a/australia-oceania/ws.json +++ b/australia-oceania/ws.json @@ -474,6 +474,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day Celebration, 1 June (1962); note - 1 January 1962 is the date of independence from the New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship, but it is observed in June" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous (preindependence); latest 1 January 1962" @@ -482,9 +485,6 @@ "text": "proposed as an act by the Legislative Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership in the third reading - provided at least 90 days have elapsed since the second reading, and assent of the chief of state; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles on customary land or constitutional amendment procedures also requires at least two-thirds majority approval in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -737,21 +737,6 @@ "text": "21.9% (2018 est.)", "note": "note: % of population with income below national poverty line" }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { - "text": "38.7 (2013 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality" - }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "2.7%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "31.3% (2013 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population" - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "28.36% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -772,15 +757,9 @@ "text": "$263 million (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "49.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "52.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json index 29fb0c37..def1d34e 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/aa.json @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ "note": "note: data represent population by nationality" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Papiamento (official) (a creole language that is a mixture of Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English, and, to a lesser extent, French, as well as elements of African languages and the language of the Arawak) 69.4%, Spanish 13.7%, English (widely spoken) 7.1%, Dutch (official) 6.1%, Chinese 1.5%, other 1.7%, unspecified 0.4% (2010 est.)" + "text": "Papiamento (official) (a creole language that mixes Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, English, French, African languages, and Arawak) 69.4%, Spanish 13.7%, English (widely spoken) 7.1%, Dutch (official) 6.1%, Chinese 1.5%, other 1.7%, unspecified 0.4% (2010 est.)" }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 75.3%, Protestant 4.9% (includes Methodist 0.9%, Adventist 0.9%, Anglican 0.4%, other Protestant 2.7%), Jehovah's Witness 1.7%, other 12%, none 5.5%, unspecified 0.5% (2010 est.)" @@ -418,14 +418,14 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Anthem and Flag Day, 18 March (1976)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the Dutch civil code" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1947, 1955; latest drafted and approved August 1985, enacted 1 January 1986 (regulates governance of Aruba but is subordinate to the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands); in 1986, Aruba became a semi-autonomous entity within the Kingdom of the Netherlands" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the Dutch civil code" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see the Netherlands" }, @@ -478,9 +478,7 @@ "text": "ACS (associate), Caricom (observer), FATF, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITUC (NGOs), UNESCO (associate), UNWTO (associate), UPU" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { - "chief of mission": { - "text": "none (represented by the Kingdom of the Netherlands)" - } + "text": "none (represented by the Kingdom of the Netherlands)" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "embassy": { @@ -605,10 +603,6 @@ "Industries": { "text": "tourism, petroleum transshipment facilities, banking" }, - "Labor force": { - "text": "51,610 (2007 est.)", - "note": "note: of the 51,610 workers aged 15 and over in the labor force, 32,252 were born in Aruba and 19,353 came from abroad; foreign workers are 38% of the employed population" - }, "Unemployment rate": { "Unemployment rate 2016": { "text": "7.7% (2016 est.)" @@ -634,15 +628,9 @@ "text": "$782 million (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "86% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "84.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json index 01b8d0ff..5d43a5f9 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ac.json @@ -442,6 +442,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 1 November (1981)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law based on the English model" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest presented 31 July 1981, effective 31 October 1981 (The Antigua and Barbuda Constitution Order 1981)" @@ -450,9 +453,6 @@ "text": "proposed by either house of Parliament; passage of amendments to constitutional sections such as citizenship, fundamental rights and freedoms, the establishment, power, and authority of the executive and legislative branches, the Supreme Court Order, and the procedure for amending the constitution requires approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the membership of both houses, approval by at least two-thirds majority in a referendum, and assent to by the governor general; passage of other amendments requires only two-thirds majority vote by both houses; amended 2009, 2011, 2018" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law based on the English model" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -687,15 +687,9 @@ "text": "$357 million (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "86.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "86.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json index 908efada..3d66448e 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/av.json @@ -369,6 +369,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Anguilla Day, 30 May (1967)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law based on the English model" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest 1 April 1982" @@ -377,9 +380,6 @@ "text": "amended 1990, 2012, 2017, 2019" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law based on the English model" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see United Kingdom" }, @@ -504,9 +504,6 @@ "Industrial production growth rate": { "text": "4% (2017 est.)" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "23% (2002 est.)" - }, "Budget": { "revenues": { "text": "$81.92 million (2017 est.)" @@ -515,15 +512,9 @@ "text": "$80.32 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2015": { "text": "20.1% of GDP (2015 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2014": { - "text": "20.8% of GDP (2014 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -590,20 +581,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -" }, - "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "2.7 (2017 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "2.7 (2023 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "2.7 (2016 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "2.7 (2022 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "2.7 (2015 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "2.7 (2021 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2.7 (2014 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "2.7 (2020 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2.7 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "2.7 (2019 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json index 31c71d01..edcdae33 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bb.json @@ -461,6 +461,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 30 November (1966)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "adopted 22 November 1966, effective 30 November 1966; Constitution (Amendment) (No. 2) Bill, 2021 establishes Barbados as a republic and revokes the earlier Order in Council" @@ -470,9 +473,6 @@ }, "note": "note: following the transition to a republic in November 2021, the Government of Barbados in February 2022 began the process of establishing a constitution commission to review a new draft constitution" }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -758,19 +758,10 @@ "text": "$1.483 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2016": { "text": "146.46% of GDP (2016 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2015": { - "text": "141.02% of GDP (2015 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2014": { - "text": "129.2% of GDP (2014 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json index 945b6a16..793bb186 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bf.json @@ -426,6 +426,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 10 July (1973)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law system based on the English model" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1964 (preindependence); latest adopted 20 June 1973, effective 10 July 1973" @@ -434,9 +437,6 @@ "text": "proposed as an \"Act\" by Parliament; passage of amendments to articles such as the organization and composition of the branches of government requires approval by at least two-thirds majority of the membership of both houses of Parliament and majority approval in a referendum; passage of amendments to constitutional articles such as fundamental rights and individual freedoms, the powers, authorities, and procedures of the branches of government, or changes to the Bahamas Independence Act 1973 requires approval by at least three-fourths majority of the membership of both houses and majority approval in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2016" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law system based on the English model" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -692,17 +692,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "9.3% (2010 est.)" - }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "1%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "22% (2007 est.)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "0.38% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -722,19 +711,10 @@ "text": "$2.899 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "82.16% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "87.39% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "82.26% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json index 5cffd934..94a87fd1 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/bh.json @@ -126,11 +126,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "English 62.9% (official), Spanish 56.6%, Creole 44.6%, Maya 10.5%, German 3.2%, Garifuna 2.9%, other 1.8%, unknown 0.5%; note - shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census (2010 est.)" + "text": "English 62.9% (official), Spanish 56.6%, Creole 44.6%, Maya 10.5%, German 3.2%, Garifuna 2.9%, other 1.8%, unknown 0.5% (2010 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)

La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)" - } + }, + "note": "note: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census" }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 40.1%, Protestant 31.5% (includes Pentecostal 8.4%, Seventh Day Adventist 5.4%, Anglican 4.7%, Mennonite 3.7%, Baptist 3.6%, Methodist 2.9%, Nazarene 2.8%), Jehovah's Witness 1.7%, other 10.5% (includes Baha'i, Buddhist, Hindu, Church of Jesus Christ, Muslim, Rastafarian, Salvation Army), unspecified 0.6%, none 15.5% (2010 est.)" @@ -495,6 +496,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Battle of St. George's Caye Day (National Day), 10 September (1798); Independence Day, 21 September (1981)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "English common law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1954, 1963 (preindependence); latest signed and entered into force 21 September 1981; note - in July 2022, the government introduced a bill to establish the People's Constitutional Commission to review the constitution and to provide recommendations to the National Assembly" @@ -503,9 +507,6 @@ "text": "proposed and adopted by two-thirds majority vote of the National Assembly House of Representatives except for amendments relating to rights and freedoms, changes to the Assembly, and to elections and judiciary matters, which require at least three-quarters majority vote of the House; both types of amendments require assent of the governor general; amended several times, last in 2017" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "English common law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -769,9 +770,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "41% (2013 est.)" - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "4.63% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -792,19 +790,10 @@ "text": "$656 million (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "99% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "95.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2014": { - "text": "61.41% of GDP (2014 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json index c7d0d738..fe6c4606 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cj.json @@ -392,6 +392,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Constitution Day, the first Monday in July (1959)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "English common law and local statutes" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved 10 June 2009, entered into force 6 November 2009 (The Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009)" @@ -400,9 +403,6 @@ "text": "amended 2016, 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "English common law and local statutes" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see United Kingdom" }, @@ -578,18 +578,6 @@ "text": "3.45% (2022 est.)", "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" }, - "Labor force": { - "text": "39,000 (2007 est.)", - "note": "note: nearly 55% are non-nationals" - }, - "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2008": { - "text": "4% (2008)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2004": { - "text": "4.4% (2004)" - } - }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { "text": "13.8% (2015 est.)" @@ -621,9 +609,6 @@ "text": "$766.6 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "4.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Taxes and other revenues": { "text": "38.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json index 28ba615f..91fd621c 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cs.json @@ -518,6 +518,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on Spanish civil code; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "many previous; latest effective 8 November 1949" @@ -526,9 +529,6 @@ "text": "proposals require the signatures of at least 10 Legislative Assembly members or petition of at least 5% of qualified voters; consideration of proposals requires two-thirds majority approval in each of three readings by the Assembly, followed by preparation of the proposal as a legislative bill and its approval by simple majority of the Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership; a referendum is required only if approved by at least two thirds of the Assembly; amended many times, last in 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on Spanish civil code; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -845,18 +845,9 @@ "text": "$14.001 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "71.11% of GDP (2022 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "48.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "44.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json index 3a5564f8..830fe400 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/cu.json @@ -526,6 +526,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Triumph of the Revolution (Liberation Day), 1 January (1959)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on Spanish civil code" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest drafted 14 July 2018, approved by the National Assembly 22 December 2018, approved by referendum 24 February 2019" @@ -534,9 +537,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly of People’s Power; passage requires approval of at least two-thirds majority of the National Assembly membership; amendments to constitutional articles on the authorities of the National Assembly, Council of State, or any rights and duties in the constitution also require approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on the Cuban political, social, and economic system cannot be amended" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on Spanish civil code" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -801,15 +801,9 @@ "text": "$64.64 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-10.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "47.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "42.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -883,21 +877,22 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Cuban pesos (CUP) per US dollar -" }, - "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "1 (2017 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "24 (2023 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "1 (2016 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "24 (2022 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "1 (2015 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "24 (2021 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "1 (2014 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "1 (2020 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "22.7 (2013 est.)" - } + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "1 (2019 est.)" + }, + "note": "note: official exchange rate of 24 Cuban pesos per US dollar effective 1 January 2021" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json index ba1fd991..8e292cdc 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/do.json @@ -415,6 +415,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 3 November (1978)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law based on the English model" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1967 (preindependence); latest presented 25 July 1978, entered into force 3 November 1978" @@ -423,9 +426,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the House of Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional sections such as fundamental rights and freedoms, the government structure, and constitutional amendment procedures requires approval by three fourths of the Assembly membership in the final reading of the amendment bill, approval by simple majority in a referendum, and assent of the president; amended several times, last in 2015" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law based on the English model" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -638,9 +638,6 @@ "text": "5.01% (2023 est.)", "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "29% (2009 est.)" - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "9.05% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -661,15 +658,9 @@ "text": "$184 million (2021 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "82.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "71.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json index c6dec928..8081ab31 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/dr.json @@ -536,6 +536,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 27 February (1844)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the French civil code; Criminal Procedures Code modified in 2004 to include important elements of an accusatory system" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "many previous (38 total); latest proclaimed 13 June 2015" @@ -544,9 +547,6 @@ "text": "proposed by a special session of the National Congress called the National Revisory Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority approval by at least one half of those present in both houses of the Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional articles, such as fundamental rights and guarantees, territorial composition, nationality, or the procedures for constitutional reform, also requires approval in a referendum" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the French civil code; Criminal Procedures Code modified in 2004 to include important elements of an accusatory system" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "President Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (since 16 August 2020) " + "text": "President Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (since 16 August 2020)" }, "head of government": { "text": "President Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (since 16 August 2020)" @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a maximum of two consecutive terms); election last held on 19 May 2024 (next to be held on 21 May 2028)" }, "election results": { - "text": "2024: Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona reelected president; percent of vote - Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (PRM) 57.5%, Leonel Antonio FERNÁNDEZ Reyna (FP) 28.8%, Abel MARTÍNEZ (PLD) 10.4%, other 3.3%

2020: Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona elected president in first round; percent of vote - Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (PRM) 52.5%, Gonzalo CASTILLO Terrero (PLD) 37.5%, Leonel Antonio FERNÁNDEZ Reyna (FP) 8.9%, other 1.1%" + "text": "
2024: Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona reelected president; percent of vote - Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (PRM) 57.5%, Leonel Antonio FERNÁNDEZ Reyna (FP) 28.8%, Abel MARTÍNEZ (PLD) 10.4%, other 3.3%

2020: Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona elected president in first round; percent of vote - Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (PRM) 52.5%, Gonzalo CASTILLO Terrero (PLD) 37.5%, Leonel Antonio FERNÁNDEZ Reyna (FP) 8.9%, other 1.1%" }, "note": "note: the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, @@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ "text": "bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of:
Senate or Senado (32 seats; 26 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, and 6 members indirectly elected based upon province-wide party plurality votes for its candidates to the Chamber of Deputies; all members serve 4-year terms; note - in 2019, the Central Election Commission changed the electoral system for seats in 26 constituencies to simple majority vote but retained indirect election for the remaining 6 constituencies; previously, all 32 members were indirectly elected; the change had been challenged by the ruling and opposition parties)

House of Representatives or Camara de Diputados (190 seats; 178 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed party-list proportional representation vote using the D'Hondt method, 5 members in a nationwide constituency, and 7 diaspora members directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held on 19 May 2024 (next to be held on 21 May 2028)
House of Representatives - 19 May 2024 (next to be held on 21 May 2028)" + "text": "Senate - last held on 19 May 2024 (next to be held on 21 May 2028)
House of Representatives - last held on 19 May 2024 (next to be held on 21 May 2028)" }, "election results": { "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRM 24, FP 3, APD 1, PPG 1, PRI 1, PRL 1, PRSC 1; composition - men NA, women NA, percentage women NA%

House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PRM 142, FP 28, PLD 13, PRSC 2, other 5; composition - men NA, women NA, percentage women NA%; total National Congress percent of women NA%" @@ -859,15 +859,9 @@ "text": "$14.511 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "37.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "34.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1230,7 +1224,7 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — the Dominican Republic does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; more traffickers were convicted, two police officers were investigated for trafficking crimes, and cooperation with international law enforcement increased; officials identified more victims and implemented new protections for vulnerable domestic workers; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared with the previous reporting period, to expand its anti-trafficking capacity; the government systemically and persistently failed to screen vulnerable migrant or undocumented populations, failed to refer victims to services, and did not provide these groups with justice in trafficking crimes; officials investigated and prosecuted fewer traffickers, did not adequately investigate labor trafficking cases involving migrants and children, and did not identify victims; the government did not adopt draft amendments to improve anti-trafficking laws, did not adequately fund or provide resources to anti-trafficking efforts, and did not complete a new National Action Plan; therefore, the Dominican Republic was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (2023)" + "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore the Dominican Republic remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/dominican-republic/" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json index 908ad6b5..0f268742 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/es.json @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official), Nawat (among some Indigenous)" + "text": "Spanish (official), Nawat (among some indigenous)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -515,6 +515,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system with minor common law influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "many previous; latest drafted 16 December 1983, enacted 23 December 1983" @@ -523,9 +526,6 @@ "text": "proposals require agreement by absolute majority of the Legislative Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; constitutional articles on basic principles, and citizen rights and freedoms cannot be amended; amended 2003, 2009, 2014" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system with minor common law influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ "text": "president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single 5-year term; election last held on 4 February 2024 (next to be held in 2029)" }, "election results": { - "text": "2024: Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez reelected president - Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (Nuevas Ideas) 84.7%, Manuel FLORES (FMLN) 6.4%, Joel SANCHEZ (ARENA) 5.6%, Luis PARADA (NT) 2%, other 1.3%

2019: Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez elected president - Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (GANA) 53.1%, Carlos CALLEJA Hakker (ARENA) 31.7%, Hugo MARTINEZ (FMLN) 14.4%, other 0.8%" + "text": "
2024: Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez reelected president - Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (Nuevas Ideas) 84.7%, Manuel FLORES (FMLN) 6.4%, Joel SANCHEZ (ARENA) 5.6%, Luis PARADA (NT) 2%, other 1.3%

2019: Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez elected president - Nayib Armando BUKELE Ortez (GANA) 53.1%, Carlos CALLEJA Hakker (ARENA) 31.7%, Hugo MARTINEZ (FMLN) 14.4%, other 0.8%" }, "note": "note: the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, @@ -842,19 +842,10 @@ "text": "$7.273 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2021": { "text": "66.47% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "70.38% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "53.88% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json index b24441aa..c68328fc 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gj.json @@ -446,6 +446,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 7 February (1974)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law based on English model" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1967; latest presented 19 December 1973, effective 7 February 1974, suspended 1979 following a revolution but restored in 1983" @@ -454,9 +457,6 @@ "text": "proposed by either house of Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the membership in both houses and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments to constitutional sections, such as personal rights and freedoms, the structure, authorities, and procedures of the branches of government, the delimitation of electoral constituencies, or the procedure for amending the constitution, also requires two-thirds majority approval in a referendum; amended 1991, 1992" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law based on English model" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -726,15 +726,9 @@ "text": "$263 million (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "70.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "82% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json index 616c3ad6..16b51e27 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/gt.json @@ -133,11 +133,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official) 69.9%, Maya languages 29.7% (Q'eqchi' 8.3%, K'iche 7.8%, Mam 4.4%, Kaqchikel 3%, Q'anjob'al 1.2%, Poqomchi' 1%, other 4%), other 0.4% (includes Xinca and Garifuna); note - the 2003 Law of National Languages officially recognized 23 indigenous languages, including 21 Maya languages, Xinca, and Garifuna (2018 est.)" + "text": "Spanish (official) 69.9%, Maya languages 29.7% (Q'eqchi' 8.3%, K'iche 7.8%, Mam 4.4%, Kaqchikel 3%, Q'anjob'al 1.2%, Poqomchi' 1%, other 4%), other 0.4% (includes Xinca and Garifuna) (2018 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: the 2003 Law of National Languages officially recognized 23 indigenous languages, including 21 Maya languages, Xinca, and Garifuna" }, "Religions": { "text": "Evangelical 45.7%, Roman Catholic 42.4%, none 11%, unspecified 0.9% (2023 est.)" @@ -517,6 +518,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; suspended and reinstated in 1994" @@ -525,9 +529,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by agreement of 10 or more deputies of Congress, by the Constitutional Court, or by public petition of at least 5,000 citizens; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Congress membership and approval by public referendum, referred to as \"popular consultation\"; constitutional articles such as national sovereignty, the republican form of government, limitations on those seeking the presidency, or presidential tenure cannot be amended; amended 1993" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -847,19 +848,10 @@ "text": "$10.373 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2020": { "text": "31.56% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "26.49% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2018": { - "text": "26.48% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json index 816486e6..bc0cc9ce 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ha.json @@ -516,6 +516,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 1 January (1804)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system strongly influenced by Napoleonic Code" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "many previous; latest adopted 10 March 1987, with substantial revisions in June 2012; note – the constitution is commonly referred to as the “amended 1987 constitution”" @@ -524,9 +527,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the executive branch or by either the Senate or the Chamber of Deputies; consideration of proposed amendments requires support by at least two-thirds majority of both houses; passage requires at least two-thirds majority of the membership present and at least two-thirds majority of the votes cast; approved amendments enter into force after installation of the next president of the republic; constitutional articles on the democratic and republican form of government cannot be amended; amended many times, last in 2012" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system strongly influenced by Napoleonic Code" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -786,22 +786,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "58.5% (2012 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2012": { - "text": "41.1 (2012 est.)" - } - }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "0.7%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "47.7% (2001)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "21.4% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -822,15 +806,9 @@ "text": "$1.527 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "31.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "33.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json index 46e001f1..ee879b22 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/ho.json @@ -520,6 +520,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved 11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982" @@ -528,9 +531,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Congress with at least two-thirds majority vote of the membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of Congress in its next annual session; constitutional articles, such as the form of government, national sovereignty, the presidential term, and the procedure for amending the constitution, cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2021" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -845,15 +845,9 @@ "text": "$6.454 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "39.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "38.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json index a33dfe6b..012052ac 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/jm.json @@ -484,17 +484,17 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 6 August (1962)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law system based on the English model" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous (preindependence); latest drafted 1961-62, submitted to British Parliament 24 July 1962, entered into force 6 August 1962 (at independence)" }, "amendments": { - "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments to \"non-entrenched\" constitutional sections, such as lowering the voting age, requires majority vote by the Parliament membership; passage of amendments to \"entrenched\" sections, such as fundamental rights and freedoms, requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament; passage of amendments to \"specially entrenched\" sections such as the dissolution of Parliament or the executive authority of the monarch requires two-thirds approval by Parliament and approval in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2017; note - in mid-July 2024 Jamaica’s Constitutional Reform Committee submitted its report on recommendations for reform of the constitution and awaiting debate in Parliament" + "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments to \"non-entrenched\" constitutional sections, such as lowering the voting age, requires majority vote by the Parliament membership; passage of amendments to \"entrenched\" sections, such as fundamental rights and freedoms, requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament; passage of amendments to \"specially entrenched\" sections such as the dissolution of Parliament or the executive authority of the monarch requires two-thirds approval by Parliament and approval in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2017; note - in mid-July 2024, Jamaica’s Constitutional Reform Committee submitted its report on recommendations for reform of the constitution and awaiting debate in Parliament" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law system based on the English model" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -796,19 +796,10 @@ "text": "$4.564 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2020": { "text": "106.28% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "92.25% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "102.46% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json index 51aecd41..41c43c52 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/mh.json @@ -465,17 +465,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "formerly high-income economy; volcanic activity destroyed much of original infrastructure and economy; new capital and port is being developed; key geothermal and solar power generation; key music recording operations" }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2011": { - "text": "$34,000 (2011 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2010": { - "text": "$31,100 (2010 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2009": { - "text": "$32,300 (2009 est.)" - } - }, "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2017": { "text": "1.2% (2017 est.)" @@ -530,15 +519,9 @@ "Industrial production growth rate": { "text": "-21% (2017 est.)" }, - "Labor force": { - "text": "4,521 (2012)" - }, "Unemployment rate": { "Unemployment rate 2017": { "text": "5.6% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 1998": { - "text": "6% (1998 est.)" } }, "Budget": { @@ -612,20 +595,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -" }, - "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "2.7 (2017 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "2.7 (2023 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "2.7 (2016 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "2.7 (2022 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "2.7 (2015 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "2.7 (2021 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "2.7 (2014 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "2.7 (2020 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2.7 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "2.7 (2019 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json index aa7752d1..f88b124b 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nn.json @@ -498,17 +498,6 @@ "text": "0.46% (2021 est.)", "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" }, - "Labor force": { - "text": "23,200 (2008 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2012": { - "text": "12% (2012 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2008": { - "text": "10.6% (2008 est.)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "2.9% of GDP (2023 est.)" diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json index 098458c7..1dde5788 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/nu.json @@ -133,11 +133,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official) 99.5%, Indigenous 0.3%, Portuguese 0.1%, other 0.1%; note - English and indigenous languages found on the Caribbean coast (2020 est.)" + "text": "Spanish (official) 99.5%, Indigenous 0.3%, Portuguese 0.1%, other 0.1% (2020 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: English and indigenous languages found on the Caribbean coast" }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 44.9%, Protestant 38.7% (Evangelical 38.2, Adventist 0.5%), other 1.2%, (includes Jehovah's Witness and Church of Jesus Christ), believer but not belonging to a church 1%, agnostic or atheist 0.4%, none 13.7%, unspecified 0.2% (2020 est.)" @@ -500,6 +501,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system; Supreme Court may review administrative acts" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 19 November 1986, effective 9 January 1987" @@ -508,9 +512,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or assent of at least half of the National Assembly membership; passage requires approval by 60% of the membership of the next elected Assembly and promulgation by the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2021" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system; Supreme Court may review administrative acts" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -819,16 +820,10 @@ "text": "$3.511 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "33.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "31.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; Nicaragua rebased its GDP figures in 2012, which reduced the figures for debt as a percentage of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json index 8b4ef987..45c23742 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/pm.json @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official), Indigenous languages (including Ngabere (or Guaymi), Buglere, Kuna, Embera, Wounaan, Naso (or Teribe), and Bri Bri), Panamanian English Creole (similar to Jamaican English Creole; a mixture of English and Spanish with elements of Ngabere; also known as Guari Guari and Colon Creole), English, Chinese (Yue and Hakka), Arabic, French Creole, other (Yiddish, Hebrew, Korean, Japanese); note - many Panamanians are bilingual" + "text": "Spanish (official), Indigenous languages (including Ngabere (Guaymi), Buglere, Kuna, Embera, Wounaan, Naso (Teribe), and Bri Bri), Panamanian English Creole (a mixture of English and Spanish with elements of Ngabere, also known as Guari Guari and Colon Creole), English, Chinese (Yue and Hakka), Arabic, French Creole, other (Yiddish, Hebrew, Korean, Japanese)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -513,6 +513,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day (Separation Day), 3 November (1903)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Justice" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest effective 11 October 1972" @@ -521,9 +524,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly, by the Cabinet, or by the Supreme Court of Justice; passage requires approval by one of two procedures: 1) absolute majority vote of the Assembly membership in each of three readings and by absolute majority vote of the next elected Assembly in a single reading without textual modifications; 2) absolute majority vote of the Assembly membership in each of three readings, followed by absolute majority vote of the next elected Assembly in each of three readings with textual modifications, and approval in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2004" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Justice" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -839,15 +839,9 @@ "text": "$15.145 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "37.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "37.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json index e14137c8..a916689f 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rn.json @@ -423,9 +423,6 @@ "text": "4.3% (2014 est.)", "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" }, - "Labor force": { - "text": "17,300 (2008 est.)" - }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "United States 35%, Netherlands 26%, Antigua and Barbuda 21%, France 10% (2019)" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json index 48b9c1ec..acf5f910 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/rq.json @@ -437,6 +437,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "US Independence Day, 4 July (1776); Puerto Rico Constitution Day, 25 July (1952)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the Spanish civil code and within the framework of the US federal system" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1900 (Organic Act, or Foraker Act); latest ratified by referendum 3 March 1952, approved 3 July 1952, effective 25 July 1952" @@ -445,9 +448,6 @@ "text": "proposed by a concurrent resolution of at least two-thirds majority by the total Legislative Assembly membership; approval requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses and approval by a majority of voters in a special referendum; if passed by at least three-fourths Assembly vote, the referendum can be held concurrently with the next general election; constitutional articles such as the republican form of government or the bill of rights cannot be amended; amended 1952" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the Spanish civil code and within the framework of the US federal system" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see United States" }, @@ -668,15 +668,9 @@ "text": "$9.974 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "51.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "50.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json index 6789c350..1b8cf353 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/sc.json @@ -462,6 +462,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 19 September (1983)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "English common law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous (preindependence); latest presented 22 June 1983, effective 23 June 1983" @@ -470,9 +473,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the total Assembly membership and assent of the governor general; amendments to constitutional provisions such as the sovereignty of the federation, fundamental rights and freedoms, the judiciary, and the Nevis Island Assembly also require approval in a referendum by at least two thirds of the votes cast in Saint Kitts and in Nevis" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "English common law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -702,19 +702,10 @@ "text": "$324 million (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "62.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "61.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2014": { - "text": "57.67% of GDP (2014 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json index 9a0a64fc..f8373e41 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/st.json @@ -459,6 +459,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 22 February (1979)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "English common law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1958, 1960 (preindependence); latest presented 20 December 1978, effective 22 February 1979" @@ -467,9 +470,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the House of Assembly membership in the final reading and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments to various constitutional sections, such as those on fundamental rights and freedoms, government finances, the judiciary, and procedures for amending the constitution, require at least three-quarters majority vote by the House and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments approved by the House but rejected by the Senate require a majority of votes cast in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2008" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "English common law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -746,15 +746,9 @@ "text": "$516 million (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "70.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "69.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json index ef84c637..67d75dc7 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/tb.json @@ -397,17 +397,23 @@ "note": "note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars" }, "Exchange rates": { - "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" + "Currency": { + "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "0.903 (2016 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "0.925 (2023 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "0.9214 (2015 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "0.95 (2022 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" + }, + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json index c5706e3b..af88c843 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/td.json @@ -455,6 +455,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 31 August (1962)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1962; latest 1976" @@ -463,9 +466,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, such as human rights and freedoms or citizenship, requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses and assent of the president; passage of amendments, such as the powers and authorities of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, and the procedure for amending the constitution, requires at least three-quarters majority vote by the House membership, two-thirds majority vote by the Senate membership, and assent of the president; amended many times, last in 2007" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -746,15 +746,9 @@ "text": "$7.528 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-8.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "41.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "37% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json index a482ae9e..6e747695 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/uc.json @@ -369,14 +369,14 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "

King's Day (birthday of King WILLEM-ALEXANDER), 27 April (1967); note - King's or Queen's Day are observed on the ruling monarch's birthday; celebrated on 26 April if 27 April is a Sunday

" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "

based on Dutch civil law

" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1947, 1955; latest adopted 5 September 2010, entered into force 10 October 2010 (regulates governance of Curacao but is subordinate to the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands); note - in October 2010, with the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, Curacao became a semi-autonomous entity within the Kingdom of the Netherlands" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "

based on Dutch civil law

" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see the Netherlands" }, @@ -569,17 +569,6 @@ "text": "4.3% (2014 est.)", "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" }, - "Labor force": { - "text": "73,010 (2013)" - }, - "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2013": { - "text": "13% (2013 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2011": { - "text": "9.8% (2011 est.)" - } - }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { "text": "42.2% (2020 est.)" @@ -603,20 +592,6 @@ }, "note": "note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities" }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.4% (of GDP) (2012 est.)" - }, - "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2012": { - "text": "33.2% of GDP (2012 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2011": { - "text": "40.6% of GDP (2011 est.)" - } - }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "16.6% (of GDP) (2012 est.)" - }, "Current account balance": { "Current account balance 2022": { "text": "-$877.284 million (2022 est.)" @@ -816,7 +791,7 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — update pending (2024)" + "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Curaçao does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so, therefore Curaçao was upgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/curacao/" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json index adeb099f..0e9b9cd6 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vc.json @@ -449,6 +449,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 27 October (1979)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "English common law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1969, 1975; latest drafted 26 July 1979, effective 27 October 1979 (The Saint Vincent Constitution Order 1979)" @@ -457,9 +460,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the House of Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership and assent of the governor general; passage of amendments to constitutional sections on fundamental rights and freedoms, citizen protections, various government functions and authorities, and constitutional amendment procedures requires approval by the Assembly membership, approval in a referendum of at least two thirds of the votes cast, and assent of the governor general" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "English common law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -715,15 +715,9 @@ "text": "$288 million (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "73.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "82.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json index ed165cbd..1b695bfa 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vi.json @@ -390,6 +390,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Territory Day, 1 July (1956)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "English common law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest effective 15 June 2007 (The Virgin Islands Constitution Order 2007)" @@ -398,9 +401,6 @@ "text": "initiated by any elected member of the House of Assembly; passage requires simple majority vote by the elected members of the Assembly and assent by the governor on behalf of the monarch; amended 2015" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "English common law" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see United Kingdom" }, @@ -566,9 +566,6 @@ "text": "$400 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Taxes and other revenues": { "text": "38.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" }, diff --git a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json index 1b4ac938..0647abc0 100644 --- a/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json +++ b/central-america-n-caribbean/vq.json @@ -392,6 +392,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Transfer Day (from Denmark to the US), 31 March (1917)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "US common law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "22 July 1954 - the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands functions as a constitution for this US territory" @@ -400,9 +403,6 @@ "text": "amended several times, last in 2012" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "US common law" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see United States" }, @@ -595,9 +595,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "28.9% (2002 est.)" - }, "Budget": { "revenues": { "text": "$1.496 billion (2016 est.)" @@ -606,15 +603,9 @@ "text": "$1.518 billion (2016 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.4% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2016": { "text": "53.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2014": { - "text": "45.9% of GDP (2014 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-asia/kg.json b/central-asia/kg.json index f0a8b60e..1f310cd9 100644 --- a/central-asia/kg.json +++ b/central-asia/kg.json @@ -518,6 +518,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 31 August (1991)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system, which includes features of French civil law and Russian Federation laws" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1993, 2007, 2010; latest approved by referendum in April 2021 that transitioned Kyrgyzstan from a parliamentary to a presidential system, and implemented changes that allow the president to serve for two 5-year terms rather than one 6-year term, reduced the number of seats in Kyrgyzstan's legislature from 120 to 90, and established a Kurultay - a public advisory council" @@ -526,9 +529,6 @@ "text": "proposed as a draft law by the majority of the Supreme Council membership or by petition of 300,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Council membership in each of at least three readings of the draft two months apart; the draft may be submitted to a referendum if approved by two thirds of the Council membership; adoption requires the signature of the president" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system, which includes features of French civil law and Russian Federation laws" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -830,19 +830,10 @@ "text": "$2.89 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "47.09% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "56.36% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "67.96% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1184,6 +1175,11 @@ "text": "482 (2022)" } }, + "Trafficking in persons": { + "tier rating": { + "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Kyrgyzstan was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/kyrgyzstan/" + } + }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

a prime transit route and transshipment route for illegal drugs transiting north from Afghanistan to Russia and Europe; illicit drugs are primarily smuggled into the country from Tajikistan

 

" } diff --git a/central-asia/kz.json b/central-asia/kz.json index 6eb9e6e4..4bff370c 100644 --- a/central-asia/kz.json +++ b/central-asia/kz.json @@ -134,11 +134,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Kazakh (official, Qazaq) 80.1% (understand spoken language), Russian (understand spoken language) 83.7%, English (understand spoken language) 35.1% (2021 est.)" + "text": "Kazakh (official, Qazaq) 80.1%, Russian 83.7%, English 35.1% (2021 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Әлемдік деректер кітабы, негізгі ақпараттың таптырмайтын көзі. (Kazakh)

Книга фактов о мире – незаменимый источник базовой информации. (Russian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note:  percentages are based on population that understands the spoken language" }, "Religions": { "text": "Muslim 69.3%, Christian 17.2% (Orthodox 17%, other 0.2%), Buddhism 0.1%, other 0.1%, non-believers 2.3%, unspecified 11% (2021 est.)" @@ -530,6 +531,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 16 December (1991)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and by the theory and practice of the Russian Federation" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1937, 1978 (preindependence), 1993; latest approved by referendum 30 August 1995, effective 5 September 1995" @@ -538,9 +542,6 @@ "text": "introduced by a referendum initiated by the president of the republic, on the recommendation of Parliament, or by the government; the president has the option of submitting draft amendments to Parliament or directly to a referendum; passage of amendments by Parliament requires four-fifths majority vote of both houses and the signature of the president; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote by more than one half of the voters in at least two thirds of the oblasts, major cities, and the capital, followed by the signature of the president; amended several times, last in 2022" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and by the theory and practice of the Russian Federation" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -859,19 +860,10 @@ "text": "$41.994 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2021": { "text": "22.41% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "23.72% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "18.48% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-asia/rs.json b/central-asia/rs.json index 1f0a28c6..32cd351d 100644 --- a/central-asia/rs.json +++ b/central-asia/rs.json @@ -150,11 +150,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Russian (official) 85.7%, Tatar 3.2%, Chechen 1%, other 10.1%; note - data represent native language spoken (2010 est.)" + "text": "Russian (official) 85.7%, Tatar 3.2%, Chechen 1%, other 10.1% (2010 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Книга фактов о мире – незаменимый источник базовой информации. (Russian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: data represent native language spoken" }, "Religions": { "text": "Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, other Christian 2% (2006 est.)", @@ -576,6 +577,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Russia Day, 12 June (1990); note - commemorates the adoption of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous (during Russian Empire and Soviet era); latest drafted 12 July 1993, adopted by referendum 12 December 1993, effective 25 December 1993" @@ -584,9 +588,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the Russian Federation, by either house of the Federal Assembly, by the government of the Russian Federation, or by legislative (representative) bodies of the Federation's constituent entities; proposals to amend the government’s constitutional system, human and civil rights and freedoms, and procedures for amending or drafting a new constitution require formation of a Constitutional Assembly; passage of such amendments requires two-thirds majority vote of its total membership; passage in a referendum requires participation of an absolute majority of eligible voters and an absolute majority of valid votes; approval of proposed amendments to the government structure, authorities, and procedures requires approval by the legislative bodies of at least two thirds of the Russian Federation's constituent entities; amended several times, last in 2020 (major revisions)" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -907,19 +908,10 @@ "text": "$571.465 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "19.51% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "20.87% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "22.99% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-asia/ti.json b/central-asia/ti.json index f1271fb7..7a4c8d05 100644 --- a/central-asia/ti.json +++ b/central-asia/ti.json @@ -509,6 +509,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 6 November 1994" @@ -517,9 +520,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by at least one third of the total membership of both houses of the Supreme Assembly; adoption of any amendment requires a referendum, which includes approval of the president or approval by at least two-thirds majority of the Assembly of Representatives; passage in a referendum requires participation of an absolute majority of eligible voters and an absolute majority of votes; constitutional articles, including Tajikistan’s form of government, its territory, and its democratic nature, cannot be amended; amended 1999, 2003, 2016" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -820,15 +820,9 @@ "text": "$2.393 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "50.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "42% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/central-asia/tx.json b/central-asia/tx.json index 1f64edd9..7b004a56 100644 --- a/central-asia/tx.json +++ b/central-asia/tx.json @@ -521,6 +521,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 27 October (1991)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system with Islamic (sharia) law influences" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 14 September 2016" @@ -529,9 +532,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the Assembly or Mejlis; passage requires two-thirds majority vote or absolute majority approval in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2023 (changed legislature from bicameral to unicameral Assembly or Mejlis; reestablished People's Council or Halk Maslahaty and named former president Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOV as National Leader of the Turkmen people" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system with Islamic (sharia) law influences" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -784,14 +784,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "0.2% (2012 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 1998": { - "text": "40.8 (1998 est.)" - } - }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { "text": "36.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" @@ -800,14 +792,6 @@ "text": "2.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "2.6%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "31.7% (1998)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2022": { "text": "0% of GDP (2022 est.)" @@ -828,15 +812,9 @@ "text": "$6.134 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "28.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "24.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -921,9 +899,6 @@ }, "Exchange rates 2014": { "text": "3.5 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "2.85 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/central-asia/uz.json b/central-asia/uz.json index 9b3f990c..ca83ddb2 100644 --- a/central-asia/uz.json +++ b/central-asia/uz.json @@ -516,6 +516,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 1 September (1991)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system; note: in early 2020, the president signed an amendment to the criminal code, criminal procedure code, and code of administrative responsibility; a constitutional referendum passed in April 2023 included criminal code reforms  " + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992" @@ -525,9 +528,6 @@ }, "note": "note: in a public referendum passed in April 2023, among the changes were the extension of the presidential term to 7 years from 5 years, and modifications to the structure and powers of the Supreme Assembly and to the criminal code " }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system; note: in early 2020, the president signed an amendment to the criminal code, criminal procedure code, and code of administrative responsibility; a constitutional referendum passed in April 2023 included criminal code reforms  " - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -796,10 +796,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "14.1% (2013 est.)", - "note": "note: % of population with income below national poverty line" - }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022": { "text": "31.2 (2022 est.)" @@ -841,15 +837,9 @@ "text": "$16.346 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "24.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "10.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json index 098f08af..e0ae4265 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bm.json @@ -549,6 +549,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 4 January (1948); Union Day, 12 February (1947)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law (as introduced in codifications designed for colonial India) and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1947, 1974 (suspended until 2008); latest drafted 9 April 2008, approved by referendum 29 May 2008" @@ -557,9 +560,6 @@ "text": "proposals require at least 20% approval by the Assembly of the Union membership; passage of amendments to sections of the constitution on basic principles, government structure, branches of government, state emergencies, and amendment procedures requires 75% approval by the Assembly and approval in a referendum by absolute majority of registered voters; passage of amendments to other sections requires only 75% Assembly approval; military granted 25% of parliamentary seats by default; amended 2015" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law (as introduced in codifications designed for colonial India) and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ }, "Executive branch": { "chief of state": { - "text": "Prime Minister, State Administration Council Chair, Sr. Gen. MIN AUNG HLAING (since 1 August 2021) " + "text": "Prime Minister, State Administration Council Chair, Sr. Gen. MIN AUNG HLAING (since 1 August 2021)" }, "head of government": { "text": "Prime Minister, State Administration Council Chair, Sr. Gen. MIN AUNG HLAING (since 1 August 2021)" @@ -595,12 +595,12 @@ "text": "prior to the military takeover in 2021, president was indirectly elected by simple majority vote by the full Assembly of the Union from among 3 vice-presidential candidates nominated by the Presidential Electoral College (consists of members of the lower and upper houses and military members); the other 2 candidates become vice presidents (president elected for a 5-year term); general election last held on 8 November 2020; the military junta has pledged to hold new general elections but has repeatedly announced delays" }, "election results": { - "text": "2020:  the National League for Democracy (NLD) won 396 seats across both houses, well above the 322 required for a parliamentary majority, which would have ensured that its preferred candidates would be elected president and second vice president in the Presidential Electoral College; however, on 1 February 2021 the military claimed the results of the election were illegitimate and launched a coup d'état that deposed State Counsellor AUNG SAN SUU KYI and President WIN MYINT of the NLD, causing military-affiliated Vice President MYINT SWE (USDP) to become Acting President; MYINT SWE subsequently handed power to coup leader MIN AUNG HLAING; WIN MYINT and other key leaders of the ruling NLD party were placed under arrest following the military takeover

2018: WIN MYINT elected president in an indirect by-election held on 28 March 2018 after the resignation of HTIN KYAW; Assembly of the Union vote for president - WIN MYINT (NLD) 403, MYINT SWE (USDP) 211, HENRY VAN THIO (NLD) 18, 4 votes canceled (636 votes cast)" + "text": "
2020:  the National League for Democracy (NLD) won 396 seats across both houses, well above the 322 required for a parliamentary majority, which would have ensured that its preferred candidates would be elected president and second vice president in the Presidential Electoral College; however, on 1 February 2021 the military claimed the results of the election were illegitimate and launched a coup d'état that deposed State Counsellor AUNG SAN SUU KYI and President WIN MYINT of the NLD, causing military-affiliated Vice President MYINT SWE (USDP) to become Acting President; MYINT SWE subsequently handed power to coup leader MIN AUNG HLAING; WIN MYINT and other key leaders of the ruling NLD party were placed under arrest following the military takeover

2018: WIN MYINT elected president in an indirect by-election held on 28 March 2018 after the resignation of HTIN KYAW; Assembly of the Union vote for president - WIN MYINT (NLD) 403, MYINT SWE (USDP) 211, HENRY VAN THIO (NLD) 18, 4 votes canceled (636 votes cast)" }, "state counsellor": { "text": "State Counselor AUNG SAN SUU KYI (since 6 April 2016); note - under arrest since 1 February 2021; formerly served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister for the Office of the President" }, - "note": "note: a parliamentary bill creating the position of \"state counsellor\" was signed into law by former President HTIN KYAW on 6 April 2016; a state counsellor serves the equivalent term of the president and is similar to a prime minister in that the holder acts as a link between the parliament and the executive branch

note: the military took over the government on 1 February 2021 and declared a state of emergency" + "note": "note 1: the military took over the government on 1 February 2021 and declared a state of emergency

note 2: prior to the military takeover, the a state counsellor served the equivalent term of the president and was similar to a prime minister in that the holder acted as a link between the parliament and the executive branch


" }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { @@ -868,15 +868,9 @@ "text": "$18.035 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "33.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "35.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json index a8bfcaa5..ad0a574b 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/bx.json @@ -487,6 +487,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection; the Sultan's birthday, 15 June" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system based on English common law and Islamic law; note - in April 2019, the full sharia penal codes came into force and apply to Muslims and partly to non-Muslims in parallel with present common law codes" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "drafted 1954 to 1959, signed 29 September 1959; note - some constitutional provisions suspended since 1962 under a State of Emergency, others suspended since independence in 1984" @@ -495,9 +498,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the monarch; passage requires submission to the Privy Council for Legislative Council review and finalization takes place by proclamation; the monarch can accept or reject changes to the original proposal provided by the Legislative Council; amended several times, last in 2010" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system based on English common law and Islamic law; note - in April 2019, the full sharia penal codes came into force and apply to Muslims and partly to non-Muslims in parallel with present common law codes" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICC" }, @@ -764,15 +764,9 @@ "text": "$3.189 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-17.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "2.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json index 210d35f0..256efe1f 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/cb.json @@ -527,6 +527,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 9 November (1953)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system (influenced by the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia) customary law, Communist legal theory, and common law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1947; latest promulgated 21 September 1993" @@ -535,9 +538,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the monarch, by the prime minister, or by the president of the National Assembly if supported by one fourth of the Assembly membership; passage requires two-thirds majority of the Assembly membership; constitutional articles on the multiparty democratic form of government and the monarchy cannot be amended; amended several times, latest 2022" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system (influenced by the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia) customary law, Communist legal theory, and common law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -803,11 +803,6 @@ "Population below poverty line": { "text": "16.5% (2016 est.)" }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": { - "text": "37.9 (2008 est.)" - } - }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { "text": "42.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" @@ -816,14 +811,6 @@ "text": "1.9% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "2%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "28% (2013 est.)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "8.81% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -844,15 +831,9 @@ "text": "$6.452 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "30.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "29.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json index b6a33e4f..72505d6f 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ch.json @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Standard Chinese or Mandarin (official; Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry); note - Zhuang is official in Guangxi Zhuang, Yue is official in Guangdong, Mongolian is official in Nei Mongol, Uyghur is official in Xinjiang Uygur, Kyrgyz is official in Xinjiang Uyghur, and Tibetan is official in Xizang (Tibet)" + "text": "Standard Chinese or Mandarin (official; Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages; note - Zhuang is official in Guangxi Zhuang, Yue is official in Guangdong, Mongolian is official in Nei Mongol, Uyghur is official in Xinjiang Uygur, Kyrgyz is official in Xinjiang Uyghur, and Tibetan is official in Xizang (Tibet)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
世界概況  –  不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Standard Chinese)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -574,6 +574,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Day (anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law influenced by Soviet and continental European civil law systems; legislature retains power to interpret statutes; note - on 28 May 2020, the National People's Congress adopted the PRC Civil Code, which codifies personal relations and property relations" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest promulgated 4 December 1982" @@ -582,9 +585,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress or supported by more than one fifth of the National People’s Congress membership; passage requires more than two-thirds majority vote of the Congress membership; amended several times, last in 2018" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law influenced by Soviet and continental European civil law systems; legislature retains power to interpret statutes; note - on 28 May 2020, the National People's Congress adopted the PRC Civil Code, which codifies personal relations and property relations" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -907,16 +907,10 @@ "text": "$4.893 trillion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "47% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "44.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: official data; data cover both central and local government debt, including debt officially recognized by China's National Audit Office report in 2011; data exclude policy bank bonds, Ministry of Railway debt, and China Asset Management Company debt" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json index 75977b72..7b679794 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/hk.json @@ -119,11 +119,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Cantonese (official) 85.4%, English (official) 4.5%, Putonghua (official) 2.2%, other Chinese dialects 2.8%, other 2%, persons under 5 or mute 3.2%; note - data represent population by usual spoken language (2021 est.)" + "text": "Cantonese (official) 85.4%, English (official) 4.5%, Putonghua (official) 2.2%, other Chinese dialects 2.8%, other 2%, persons under 5 or mute 3.2% (2021 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "

世界概况, 必須擁有的基本資料参考书 (Cantonese)


The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: data represent population by usual spoken language" }, "Religions": { "text": "Buddhist or Taoist 27.9%, Protestant 6.7%, Roman Catholic 5.3%, Muslim 4.2%, Hindu 1.4%, Sikh 0.2%, other or none 54.3% (2016 est.)", @@ -417,6 +418,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 1 July (1997) is celebrated as Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of common law based on the English model and Chinese customary law (in matters of family and land tenure); PRC imposition of National Security Law incorporates elements of Chinese civil law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous (governance documents while under British authority); latest drafted April 1988 to February 1989, approved March 1990, effective 1 July 1997 (Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China serves as the constitution); note - since 1990, China's National People's Congress has interpreted specific articles of the Basic Law" @@ -425,9 +429,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC), the People’s Republic of China State Council, or the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong; submittal of proposals to the NPC requires two-thirds majority vote by the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, approval by two thirds of Hong Kong’s deputies to the NPC, and approval by the Hong Kong chief executive; final passage requires approval by the NPC" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of common law based on the English model and Chinese customary law (in matters of family and land tenure); PRC imposition of National Security Law incorporates elements of Chinese civil law" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see China" }, @@ -484,11 +485,12 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "none (Special Administrative Region of China); Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office (HKETO) carries out normal liaison activities and communication with the US Government and other US entities; the position of the Hong Kong Commissioner to the US Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is vacant; address: 1520 18th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036; telephone: [1] (202) 331-8947; FAX: [1] (202) 331-8958; email:  hketo@hketowashington.gov.hk; website: https://www.hketowashington.gov.hk/" + "text": "none (Special Administrative Region of China)" }, "HKETO offices": { - "text": "New York, San Francisco" - } + "text": "New York, San Francisco, Washington DC" + }, + "note": "Note:  Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of China and does not have a diplomatic presence; the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office (HKETO) carries out normal liaison activities and communication with the US Government and other US entities; the position of the Hong Kong Commissioner to the US Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is vacant; address: 1520 18th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036; telephone: [1] (202) 331-8947; FAX: [1] (202) 331-8958; email:  hketo@hketowashington.gov.hk; website: https://www.hketowashington.gov.hk/" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { @@ -702,15 +704,9 @@ "text": "$105.849 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "5.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "0.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "0.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1012,6 +1008,11 @@ } }, "Transnational Issues": { + "Trafficking in persons": { + "tier rating": { + "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Hong Kong was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/hong-kong/" + } + }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

modern banking system provides conduit for money laundering; groups involved in money laundering range from local street organizations to sophisticated international syndicates involved in assorted criminal activities, including drug trafficking; major source of precursor chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics

" } diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json index ba745fb7..c91f2203 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/id.json @@ -555,6 +555,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 17 August (1945)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the Roman-Dutch model and influenced by customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "drafted July to August 1945, effective 18 August 1945, abrogated by 1949 and 1950 constitutions; 1945 constitution restored 5 July 1959" @@ -563,9 +566,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the People’s Consultative Assembly, with at least two thirds of its members present; passage requires simple majority vote by the Assembly membership; constitutional articles on the unitary form of the state cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2002" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the Roman-Dutch model and influenced by customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ "text": "president and vice president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 14 February 2024 (next to be held in 2029)" }, "election results": { - "text": "2024: PRABOWO Subianto elected president (assumes office 20 October 2024); percent of vote - PRABOWO Subianto (GERINDRA) 58.6%, Anies Rasyid BASWEDAN (Independent) 24.9%, GANJAR Pranowo (PDI-P) 16.5%

2019: Joko WIDODO reelected president; percent of vote - Joko WIDODO (PDI-P) 55.5%, PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo (GERINDRA) 44.5%" + "text": "
2024: PRABOWO Subianto elected president (assumes office 20 October 2024); percent of vote - PRABOWO Subianto (GERINDRA) 58.6%, Anies Rasyid BASWEDAN (Independent) 24.9%, GANJAR Pranowo (PDI-P) 16.5%

2019: Joko WIDODO reelected president; percent of vote - Joko WIDODO (PDI-P) 55.5%, PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo (GERINDRA) 44.5%" }, "note": "note: the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, @@ -888,19 +888,10 @@ "text": "$192.97 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "45.34% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "44.4% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "42.9% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json index 2b47fd85..39c9ede4 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ja.json @@ -515,6 +515,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Birthday of Emperor NARUHITO, 23 February (1960); note - celebrates the birthday of the current emperor" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on German model; system also reflects Anglo-American influence and Japanese traditions; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1890; latest approved 6 October 1946, adopted 3 November 1946, effective 3 May 1947" @@ -523,9 +526,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the Diet; passage requires approval by at least two-thirds majority of both houses of the Diet and approval by majority in a referendum; note - the constitution has not been amended since its enactment in 1947" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on German model; system also reflects Anglo-American influence and Japanese traditions; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -803,15 +803,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "16.1% (2013 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { - "text": "32.9 (2013 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality" - }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { "text": "16.7% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" @@ -820,15 +811,6 @@ "text": "3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "2.9%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "26.4% (2013 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population" - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "0.13% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -849,19 +831,10 @@ "text": "$1.916 trillion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "216.21% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "216.33% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "215.76% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json index 733bad8d..f7e49fb6 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/kn.json @@ -491,6 +491,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Founding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), 9 September (1948)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the Prussian model; system influenced by Japanese traditions and Communist legal theory" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1948, 1972; latest adopted 1998 (during KIM Jong-il era)" @@ -499,9 +502,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the Supreme People’s Assembly (SPA); passage requires more than two-thirds majority vote of the total SPA membership; revised several times, last in 2023" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the Prussian model; system influenced by Japanese traditions and Communist legal theory" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ "text": "State Affairs Commission President KIM Jong Un (since 17 December 2011)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Supreme People's Assembly President CHOE Ryong Hae (since 11 April 2019) " + "text": "Supreme People's Assembly President CHOE Ryong Hae (since 11 April 2019)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet or Naegak members appointed by the Supreme People's Assembly except the Minister of People's Armed Forces" @@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ "text": "chief of state and premier indirectly elected by the Supreme People's Assembly; election last held on 10 March 2019 (next to be held in March 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "2019: KIM Jong Un reelected unopposed" + "text": "
2019: KIM Jong Un reelected unopposed" }, "note": "note 1: KIM Jong Un's titles include general secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (KWP), chairman of the KWP Central Military Commission, president of the State Affairs Commission, and supreme commander of the Korean People's Army

note 2: within the North Korean system, KIM Jong Un's role as chief of state is secondary to his role as general secretary of the Korean Workers' Party; chief of state is used to engage with non-communist countries such as the US; North Korea revised its constitution in 2019 to define \"the Chairman of the State Affairs Commission\" as \"the supreme leader who represents the state\"; functions as the commander-in-chief and chief executive; the specific titles associated with this office have changed multiple times under KIM's tenure, however, KIM Jong Un has been supreme leader since his father's death in 2011

note 3: the head of government functions as the technical head of state and performs related duties, such as receiving ambassadors' credentials" }, @@ -569,9 +569,7 @@ "text": "ARF, FAO, G-77, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { - "chief of mission": { - "text": "none; North Korea has a Permanent Mission to the UN in New York" - } + "text": "none

Note:  North Korea has a Permanent Mission to the UN in New York" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "embassy": { @@ -610,12 +608,6 @@ "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015": { "text": "$40 billion (2015 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": { - "text": "$40 billion (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2013": { - "text": "$40 billion (2013 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2015 dollars

North Korea does not publish reliable National Income Accounts data; the data shown are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP estimates that were made by Angus MADDISON in a study conducted for the OECD; his figure for 1999 was extrapolated to 2015 using estimated real growth rates for North Korea's GDP and an inflation factor based on the US GDP deflator; the results were rounded to the nearest $10 billion." }, "Real GDP growth rate": { @@ -624,9 +616,6 @@ }, "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { "text": "1% (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { - "text": "1.1% (2013 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { @@ -636,9 +625,6 @@ "Real GDP per capita 2014": { "text": "$1,800 (2014 est.)" }, - "Real GDP per capita 2013": { - "text": "$1,800 (2013 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2015 US dollars" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -722,9 +708,6 @@ "text": "$3.3 billion (2007 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.4% (of GDP) (2007 est.)" - }, "Exports": { "Exports 2018": { "text": "$222 million (2018)" @@ -777,12 +760,6 @@ }, "Exchange rates 2015": { "text": "130 (2015 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "98.5 (2013 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2012": { - "text": "155.5 (2012 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json index d88d8f67..c519635c 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/ks.json @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Korean, English (widely taught in elementary, junior high, and high school)" + "text": "Korean, English " }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
월드 팩트북, 필수적인 기본 정보 제공처 (Korean)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -511,6 +511,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Liberation Day, 15 August (1945)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system combining European civil law, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest passed by National Assembly 12 October 1987, approved in referendum 28 October 1987, effective 25 February 1988" @@ -519,9 +522,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president or by majority support of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership, approval in a referendum by more than one half of the votes by more than one half of eligible voters, and promulgation by the president; amended several times, last in 1987" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system combining European civil law, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -839,19 +839,10 @@ "text": "$372.412 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "51.18% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "48.96% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "46.43% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json index 29614cba..c9ef8bef 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/la.json @@ -525,6 +525,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Republic Day (National Day), 2 December (1975)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system similar in form to the French system" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1947 (preindependence); latest promulgated 13-15 August 1991" @@ -533,9 +536,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership and promulgation by the president of the republic; amended 2003, 2015" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system similar in form to the French system" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -845,15 +845,9 @@ "text": "$3.839 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "63.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "58.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1170,6 +1164,11 @@ } }, "Transnational Issues": { + "Trafficking in persons": { + "tier rating": { + "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Laos was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/laos/" + } + }, "Illicit drugs": { "text": "

Laos remains a key transit route for drug trafficking and the movement of precursor chemicals; opium produced is typically smuggled out of the country and refined elsewhere and not trafficked in significant quantities to the United States

" } diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json index 2a46e962..43d1eff5 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mc.json @@ -105,11 +105,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Cantonese 81%, Mandarin 4.7%, other Chinese dialects 5.4%, English 3.6%, Tagalog 2.9%, Portuguese 0.6%, other 1.8%; note - Chinese and Portuguese are official languages; Macanese or Patua, a Portuguese-based Creole, is also spoken (2021 est.)" + "text": "Cantonese 81%, Mandarin 4.7%, other Chinese dialects 5.4%, English 3.6%, Tagalog 2.9%, Portuguese 0.6%, other 1.8% (2021 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "

世界概况, 必須擁有的基本資料参考书 (Cantonese)


The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: Chinese and Portuguese are official languages; Macanese or Patua, a Portuguese-based Creole, is also spoken" }, "Religions": { "text": "folk religion 58.9%, Buddhist 17.3%, Christian 7.2%, other 1.2%, none 15.4% (2020 est.)" @@ -364,6 +365,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Day (anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December (1999) is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the Portuguese model" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1976 (Organic Statute of Macau, under Portuguese authority); latest adopted 31 March 1993, effective 20 December 1999 (Basic Law of the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China serves as Macau's constitution)" @@ -372,9 +376,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC), the People’s Republic of China State Council, and the Macau Special Administrative Region; submittal of proposals to the NPC requires two-thirds majority vote by the Legislative Assembly of Macau, approval by two thirds of Macau's deputies to the NPC, and consent of the Macau chief executive; final passage requires approval by the NPC; amended 2005, 2012" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the Portuguese model" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see China" }, @@ -395,7 +396,7 @@ "text": "president indirectly elected by National People's Congress for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 10 March 2023 (next to be held in March 2028); chief executive chosen by a 400-member Election Committee for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 24 August 2019 (next to be held in 2024)" }, "election results": { - "text": "2019: HO lat Seng (unopposed; received 392 out of 400 votes) 

2014: Fernando CHUI Sai (unopposed; received 380 of 396 votes)" + "text": "
2019: HO lat Seng (unopposed; received 392 out of 400 votes) 

2014: Fernando CHUI Sai (unopposed; received 380 of 396 votes)" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -580,11 +581,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { - "text": "35 (2013 est.)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "0.19% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -605,15 +601,9 @@ "text": "$10.165 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "10% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "0% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "0% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json index 6c58d047..9812d706 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/mg.json @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Mongolian 90% (official) (Khalkha dialect is predominant), Turkic, Russian (1999)" + "text": "Mongolian 90% (official, Khalkha dialect is predominant), Turkic, Russian (1999)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Дэлхийн баримтат ном, үндсэн мэдээллийн зайлшгүй эх сурвалж. (Mongolian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -527,6 +527,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Naadam (games) holiday (commemorates independence from China in the 1921 Revolution), 11-15 July; Constitution Day (marks the date that the Mongolian People's Republic was created under a new constitution), 26 November (1924)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system influenced by Soviet and Romano-Germanic legal systems; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 13 January 1992, effective 12 February 1992" @@ -535,9 +538,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the State Great Hural, by the president of the republic, by the government, or by petition submitted to the State Great Hural by the Constitutional Court; conducting referenda on proposed amendments requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the State Great Hural; passage of amendments by the State Great Hural requires at least three-quarters majority vote; passage by referendum requires majority participation of qualified voters and a majority of votes; amended 1999, 2000, 2019, 2023; note - an amendment passed in a referendum held in May 2023 increased the seats in the State Great Hural from 76 to 126" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by Soviet and Romano-Germanic legal systems; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ "text": "presidential candidates nominated by political parties represented in the State Great Hural and directly elected by simple majority popular vote for one 6-year term; election last held on 9 June 2021 (next to be held in 2027); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by the State Great Hural" }, "election results": { - "text": "2021: Ukhnaagiin KHURELSUKH elected president in first round; percent of vote - Ukhnaagiin KHURELSUKH (MPP) 68%, Dangaasuren ENKHBAT (RPEC) 20.1%, Sodnomzundui ERDENE (DP) 6%" + "text": "
2021: Ukhnaagiin KHURELSUKH elected president in first round; percent of vote - Ukhnaagiin KHURELSUKH (MPP) 68%, Dangaasuren ENKHBAT (RPEC) 20.1%, Sodnomzundui ERDENE (DP) 6%

2017:  Khaltmaa BATTULGA elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Khaltmaa BATTULGA (DP) 38.1%, Miyegombo ENKHBOLD (MPP) 30.3%, Sainkhuu GANBAATAR (MPRP) 30.2%, invalid 1.4%; percent of vote in second round - Khaltmaa BATTULGA 55.2%, Miyegombo ENKHBOLD 44.8%" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -844,19 +844,10 @@ "text": "$4.979 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2021": { "text": "67.57% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "73.94% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "60.84% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json index 1cf804ba..30df9e33 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/my.json @@ -128,11 +128,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Bahasa Malaysia (official), English, Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; note - Malaysia has 134 living languages - 112 indigenous languages and 22 non-indigenous languages; in East Malaysia, there are several indigenous languages; the most widely spoken are Iban and Kadazan" + "text": "Bahasa Malaysia (official), English, Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Buku Fakta Dunia, sumber yang diperlukan untuk maklumat asas. (Bahasa Malaysia)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: Malaysia has 134 languages (112 indigenous and 22 non-indigenous); in East Malaysia, there are several indigenous languages, and the most widely spoken are Iban and Kadazan" }, "Religions": { "text": "Muslim (official) 63.5%, Buddhist 18.7%, Christian 9.1%, Hindu 6.1%, other (Confucianism, Taoism, other traditional Chinese religions) 0.9%, none/unspecified 1.8% (2020 est.)" @@ -524,6 +525,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day (or Merdeka Day), 31 August (1957) (independence of Malaya); Malaysia Day, 16 September (1963) (formation of Malaysia)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law (sharia), and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Federal Court at request of supreme head of the federation" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1948; latest drafted 21 February 1957, effective 27 August 1957" @@ -532,9 +536,6 @@ "text": "proposed as a bill by Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Parliament membership in the bill’s second and third readings; a number of constitutional sections are excluded from amendment or repeal; amended many times, last in 2019" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law (sharia), and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Federal Court at request of supreme head of the federation" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -848,19 +849,10 @@ "text": "$85.851 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "60.27% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "63.26% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "62.01% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json index e8f93a74..be7bf942 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/pp.json @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ "text": "Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Tok Pisin (official), English (official), Hiri Motu (official), some 839 living indigenous languages are spoken (about 12% of the world's total); many languages have fewer than 1,000 speakers", + "text": "Tok Pisin (official), English (official), Hiri Motu (official), some 839 living indigenous languages are spoken (about 12% of the world's total)", "note": "note: Tok Pisin, a creole language, is widely used and understood; English is spoken by 1%-2%; Hiri Motu is spoken by less than 2%" }, "Religions": { @@ -517,6 +517,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 16 September (1975)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "adopted 15 August 1975, effective at independence 16 September 1975" @@ -525,9 +528,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Parliament; passage has prescribed majority vote requirements depending on the constitutional sections being amended – absolute majority, two-thirds majority, or three-fourths majority; amended many times, last in 2016" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador-designate Ann Marie YASTISHOCK (since 2 February 2024); note - also accredited to the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu" + "text": "Ambassador Ann Marie YASTISHOCK (since 22 February 2024); note - also accredited to the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu" }, "embassy": { "text": "Harbour City Road, Konedobu, Port Moresby, NCD, Papua New Guinea" @@ -786,22 +786,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "37% (2002 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2009": { - "text": "41.9 (2009 est.)" - } - }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "1.7%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "40.5% (1996)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "0.01% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -822,19 +806,10 @@ "text": "$5.135 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "48.26% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "52.58% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "48.68% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json index be10e9cc..eb4f8adb 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/rp.json @@ -543,6 +543,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 12 June (1898); note - 12 June 1898 was date of declaration of independence from Spain; 4 July 1946 was date of independence from the US" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil, common, Islamic (sharia), and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest ratified 2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987" @@ -551,9 +554,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Congress if supported by three fourths of the membership, by a constitutional convention called by Congress, or by public petition; passage by either of the three proposal methods requires a majority vote in a national referendum; note - the constitution has not been amended since its enactment in 1987" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil, common, Islamic (sharia), and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; withdrew from the ICCt in March 2019" }, @@ -870,19 +870,10 @@ "text": "$90.953 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "39.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "39% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2014": { - "text": "43.43% of GDP (2014 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json index 7299c876..c57f87d2 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/sn.json @@ -120,11 +120,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "English (official) 48.3%, Mandarin (official) 29.9%, other Chinese dialects (includes Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) 8.7%, Malay (official) 9.2%, Tamil (official) 2.5%, other 1.4%; note - data represent language most frequently spoken at home (2020 est.)" + "text": "English (official) 48.3%, Mandarin (official) 29.9%, other Chinese dialects (includes Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) 8.7%, Malay (official) 9.2%, Tamil (official) 2.5%, other 1.4% (2020 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)

世界概況  –  不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin)" - } + }, + "note": "note: data represent language most frequently spoken at home" }, "Religions": { "text": "Buddhist 31.1%, Christian 18.9%, Muslim 15.6%, Taoist 8.8%, Hindu 5%, other 0.6%, none 20% (2020 est.)" @@ -499,6 +500,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Day, 9 August (1965)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "English common law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1965" @@ -507,9 +511,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote in the second and third readings by the elected Parliament membership and assent of the president of the republic; passage of amendments affecting sovereignty or control of the Police Force or the Armed Forces requires at least two-thirds majority vote in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "English common law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -823,19 +824,10 @@ }, "note": "note: expenditures include both operational and development expenditures" }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2021": { "text": "150.14% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "151.57% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "127.83% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json index 3728a6ce..b4775d12 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/th.json @@ -140,11 +140,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Thai (official) only 90.7%, Thai and other languages 6.4%, only other languages 2.9% (includes Malay, Burmese); note - data represent population by language(s) spoken at home; English is a secondary language of the elite (2010 est.)" + "text": "Thai (official) only 90.7%, Thai and other languages 6.4%, only other languages 2.9% (includes Malay, Burmese); English is a secondary language among the elite (2010 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
สารานุกรมโลก - แหล่งข้อมูลพื้นฐานที่สำคัญ (Thai)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: data represent population by language(s) spoken at home" }, "Religions": { "text": "Buddhist 92.5%, Muslim 5.4%, Christian 1.2%, other 0.9% (includes animist, Confucian, Hindu, Jewish, Sikh, and Taoist) (2021 est.)" @@ -554,6 +555,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Birthday of King WACHIRALONGKON, 28 July (1952)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system with common law influences" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "many previous; latest drafted and presented 29 March 2016, approved by referendum 7 August 2016, signed into law by the king on 6 April 2017" @@ -562,9 +566,6 @@ "text": "amendments require a majority vote in a joint session of the House and Senate and further require at least one fifth of opposition House members and one third of the Senate vote in favor; a national referendum is additionally required for certain amendments; all amendments require signature by the king; Thailand's 2017 constitution was amended in November 2021 to increase the number of constituency members of parliament (MPs) from 350 to 400, reduce the number of party-list MPs from 150 to 100, and change the election to a two-ballot system" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system with common law influences" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -624,7 +625,7 @@ } }, "Political parties": { - "text": "Bhumjaithai Party or BJT (aka Phumchai Thai Party or PJT; aka Thai Pride Party) 
Chat Thai Phatthana Party (Thai Nation Development Party) or CTP
Move Forward Party or MFP 
Palang Pracharat Party (People's State Power Party) or PPRP 
Pheu (Puea) Thai Party (For Thais Party) or PTP
Prachachat Party or PCC 
Prachathipat Party (Democrat Party) or DP 
Thai Sang Thai Party 
United Thai Nation (Ruam Thai Sang Chat) or UTN" + "text": "Bhumjaithai Party or BJT (aka Phumchai Thai Party or PJT; aka Thai Pride Party) 
Chat Thai Phatthana Party (Thai Nation Development Party) or CTP
Move Forward Party or MFP (dissolved by order of the Constitutional Court, August 2024)
Palang Pracharat Party (People's State Power Party) or PPRP 
Pheu (Puea) Thai Party (For Thais Party) or PTP
Prachachat Party or PCC 
Prachathipat Party (Democrat Party) or DP 
Thai Sang Thai Party 
United Thai Nation (Ruam Thai Sang Chat) or UTN" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, BIS, CD, CICA, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMOGIP, UNOOSA, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" @@ -882,19 +883,10 @@ "text": "$128.581 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "60.35% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "58.48% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "50.32% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json index 58061d63..55be319c 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tt.json @@ -502,6 +502,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Restoration of Independence Day, 20 May (2002); Proclamation of Independence Day, 28 November (1975)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the Portuguese model; note - penal and civil law codes to replace the Indonesian codes were passed by Parliament and promulgated in 2009 and 2011, respectively" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "drafted 2001, approved 22 March 2002, entered into force 20 May 2002" @@ -510,9 +513,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Parliament and parliamentary groups; consideration of amendments requires at least four-fifths majority approval by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by Parliament and promulgation by the president of the republic; passage of amendments to the republican form of government and the flag requires approval in a referendum" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the Portuguese model; note - penal and civil law codes to replace the Indonesian codes were passed by Parliament and promulgated in 2009 and 2011, respectively" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -798,15 +798,9 @@ "text": "$1.396 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-75.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "3.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "3.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json index 14e6c4ab..cf326b73 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/tw.json @@ -392,6 +392,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Republic Day (National Day), 10 October (1911); note - celebrates the anniversary of the Chinese Revolution, also known as Double Ten (10-10) Day" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1912, 1931; latest adopted 25 December 1946, promulgated 1 January 1947, effective 25 December 1947" @@ -400,9 +403,6 @@ "text": "proposed by at least one fourth of the Legislative Yuan membership; passage requires approval by at least three-fourths majority vote of at least three fourths of the Legislative Yuan membership and approval in a referendum by more than half of eligible voters; revised several times, last in 2005" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -472,11 +472,12 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "none; commercial and cultural relations with its citizens in the US are maintained through an unofficial instrumentality, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States (TECRO), a private nonprofit corporation that performs citizen and consular services similar to those at diplomatic posts, represented by Ambassador Alexander YUI (since 11 December 2023); office: 4201 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016; telephone: [1] (202) 895-1800; fax: [1] (202) 363-0999" + "text": "none" }, "Taipei Economic and Cultural Offices (branch offices)": { - "text": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Denver (CO), Hagatna (Guam), Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, Seattle" - } + "text": "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Denver (CO), Hagatna (Guam), Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, Seattle, Washington DC" + }, + "note": "Note:  commercial and cultural relations with its citizens in the US are maintained through an unofficial instrumentality, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States (TECRO), a private nonprofit corporation that performs citizen and consular services similar to those at diplomatic posts, represented by Ambassador Alexander YUI (since 11 December 2023); office: 4201 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016; telephone: [1] (202) 895-1800; fax: [1] (202) 363-0999" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { @@ -635,9 +636,6 @@ "text": "3.69% (2018 est.)" } }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "1.5% (2012 est.)" - }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2014": { "text": "33.6 (2014)" @@ -651,14 +649,6 @@ "text": "2.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "6.4%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "40.3% (2010)" - } - }, "Budget": { "revenues": { "text": "$94.943 billion (2019 est.)" @@ -667,16 +657,10 @@ "text": "$105.833 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "35.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "36.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data for central government" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -759,9 +743,6 @@ }, "Exchange rates 2014": { "text": "31.911 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "30.363 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json index 4dfd0504..36b2cbbd 100644 --- a/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json +++ b/east-n-southeast-asia/vm.json @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer, mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)" + "text": "Vietnamese (official); English (often as a second language); some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain-area languages (including Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Dữ kiện thế giới, là nguồn thông tin cơ bản không thể thiếu. (Vietnamese)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -541,6 +541,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day (National Day), 2 September (1945)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system; note - the civil code of 2005 reflects a European-style civil law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 28 November 2013, effective 1 January 2014" @@ -549,9 +552,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president, by the National Assembly’s Standing Committee, or by at least two thirds of the National Assembly membership; a decision to draft an amendment requires approval by at least a two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership, followed by the formation of a constitutional drafting committee to write a draft and collect citizens’ opinions; passage requires at least two-thirds majority of the Assembly membership; the Assembly can opt to conduct a referendum" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system; note - the civil code of 2005 reflects a European-style civil law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -584,7 +584,8 @@ }, "elections/appointments": { "text": "president indirectly elected by the National Assembly from among its members for a single 5-year term; prime minister recommended by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers confirmed by the National Assembly and appointed by the president" - } + }, + "note": "note: in August 2024, To LAM was elected general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the country’s most powerful position" }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { @@ -870,16 +871,10 @@ "text": "$75.834 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "58.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "59.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/al.json b/europe/al.json index 5b4251d7..fa940ce0 100644 --- a/europe/al.json +++ b/europe/al.json @@ -524,6 +524,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 28 November (1912), also known as Flag Day" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system except in the northern rural areas where customary law known as the \"Code of Leke\" is still present" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved by the Assembly 21 October 1998, adopted by referendum 22 November 1998, promulgated 28 November 1998" @@ -532,9 +535,6 @@ "text": "proposed by at least one-fifth of the Assembly membership; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required only if approved by two-thirds of the Assembly; amendments approved by referendum effective upon declaration by the president of the republic; amended several times, last in 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system except in the northern rural areas where customary law known as the \"Code of Leke\" is still present" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -839,19 +839,10 @@ "text": "$4.489 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2021": { "text": "82.38% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "83.89% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "75.7% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/an.json b/europe/an.json index b7ba1c66..18b9360b 100644 --- a/europe/an.json +++ b/europe/an.json @@ -453,6 +453,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil and customary law with the influence of canon (religious) law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "drafted 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 28 April 1993" @@ -461,9 +464,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the coprinces jointly or by the General Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the General Council, ratification in a referendum, and sanctioning by the coprinces" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil and customary law with the influence of canon (religious) law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -693,15 +693,9 @@ "text": "$2.06 billion (2016)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6.9% (of GDP) (2016)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2014": { "text": "41% of GDP (2014 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2013": { - "text": "41.4% of GDP (2013 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/au.json b/europe/au.json index 34df9c0a..d57277d5 100644 --- a/europe/au.json +++ b/europe/au.json @@ -523,6 +523,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Day (commemorates passage of the law on permanent neutrality), 26 October (1955)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 1 October 1920, revised 1929, replaced May 1934, replaced by German Weimar constitution in 1938 following German annexation, reinstated 1 May 1945" @@ -531,9 +534,6 @@ "text": "proposed through laws designated \"constitutional laws\" or through the constitutional process if the amendment is part of another law; approval required by at least a two-thirds majority vote by the National Assembly and the presence of one-half of the members; a referendum is required only if requested by one-third of the National Council or Federal Council membership; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote; amended many times, last in 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -851,19 +851,10 @@ "text": "$215.485 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "75.05% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "94.64% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "99.91% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/be.json b/europe/be.json index b21d597a..9797edfe 100644 --- a/europe/be.json +++ b/europe/be.json @@ -516,6 +516,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Belgian National Day (ascension to the throne of King LEOPOLD I), 21 July (1831)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the French Civil Code; note - Belgian law continues to be modified in conformance with the legislative norms mandated by the European Union; judicial review of legislative acts" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "drafted 25 November 1830, approved 7 February 1831, entered into force 26 July 1831, revised 14 July 1993 (creating a federal state)" @@ -524,9 +527,6 @@ "text": "\"revisions\" proposed as declarations by the federal government in accord with the king or by Parliament followed by dissolution of Parliament and new elections; adoption requires two-thirds majority vote of a two-thirds quorum in both houses of the next elected Parliament; amended many times, last in 2019" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the French Civil Code; note - Belgian law continues to be modified in conformance with the legislative norms mandated by the European Union; judicial review of legislative acts" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -567,10 +567,10 @@ "text": "bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate or Senaat (in Dutch), Senat (in French) (60 seats; 50 members indirectly elected by the community and regional parliaments based on their election results, and 10 elected by the 50 other senators; members serve 5-year terms)
Chamber of Representatives or Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers (in Dutch), Chambre des Representants (in French) (150 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)" }, "elections": { - "text": "Senate - last held 4 July 2019 (next to be held on 24 July 2024)
Chamber of Representatives - last held on 9 June 2024 (next to be held on 30 June 2029); note - elections coincided with the EU parliamentary elections" + "text": "Senate - last held 18 July 2024 (next to be held on 31 July 2029)
Chamber of Representatives - last held on 9 June 2024 (next to be held on 30 June 2029); note - elections coincided with the EU parliamentary elections" }, "election results": { - "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - N-VA 15%, VB 12%, PS 12%, MR 12%, CD&V 8.3%, Open VLD 8.3%, Ecolo 15%, SP.A 6.7%, CDH 3.3%, PVDA-PTB 8.3%; seats by party - N-VA 9, VB 7, PS 7, MR 7, CD&V 5, Open VLD 5, Ecolo 9, SP.A 4, CDH 2, PVDA-PTB 5; composition - men 34, women 26, percent percentage women 43.3%

Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - N-VA 16.7%, VB 13.5%, MR 10.3%, PVDA-PTB 9.9%, Vooruit 8.1%, PS 8%, CD&V 8%, Les Engages 6.8%, Open VLD 5.5%, Green 4.7%, Ecolo 3%, Defi 1%; seats by party - N-VA 24, VB 20, MR 20, PS 16, PVDA+PTB 15, Les Engages 14, Vooruit 13, CD&V 11, Open VLD 7,Green 6, Ecolo 3, Defi 1; composition - men 86, women 64, percentage women 42.7%; total Parliament percentage women 42.9%" + "text": "Senate - percent of vote by party - N/A; seats by party - N-VA 10, MR 10, VB 8, PS 6, PVDA-PTB 6, CD&V 5, Les Engages 5, Open VLD 3, Ecolo 3, Vooruit 4; composition - men 32, women 28, percent percentage women 46.7%

Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - N-VA 16.7%, VB 13.5%, MR 10.3%, PVDA-PTB 9.9%, Vooruit 8.1%, PS 8%, CD&V 8%, Les Engages 6.8%, Open VLD 5.5%, Green 4.7%, Ecolo 3%, Defi 1%; seats by party - N-VA 24, VB 20, MR 20, PS 16, PVDA+PTB 15, Les Engages 14, Vooruit 13, CD&V 11, Open VLD 7,Green 6, Ecolo 3, Defi 1; composition - men 86, women 64, percentage women 42.7%; total Parliament percentage women 42.9%" }, "note": "note: the 1993 constitutional revision that further devolved Belgium into a federal state created three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; this reality leaves six governments, each with its own legislative assembly; changes above occurred since the sixth state reform" }, @@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ } }, "Political parties": { - "text": "Flemish parties:
Christian Democratic and Flemish or CD&V 
Vooruit or Forward (formerly Social Progressive Alternative or SP.A)
Groen or Green  (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens)
New Flemish Alliance or N-VA 
Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats or Open VLD 
Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB 
Francophone parties:
Ecolo (Francophone Greens) 
Francophone Federalist Democrats or Defi 
Les Engages (formerly Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH)
Reform Movement or MR 
Socialist Party or PS 
Workers' Party or PVDA-PTB " + "text": "Flemish parties:
Christian Democratic and Flemish or CD&V 
Vooruit or Forward (formerly Social Progressive Alternative or SP.A)
Groen or Green (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens)
New Flemish Alliance or N-VA 
Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats or Open VLD 
Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB 
Francophone parties:
Ecolo (Francophone Greens) 
Francophone Federalist Democrats or Defi 
Les Engages (formerly Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH)
Reform Movement or MR 
Socialist Party or PS 
Workers' Party or PVDA-PTB" }, "International organization participation": { "text": "ADB (nonregional members), AfDB (nonregional members), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" @@ -840,19 +840,10 @@ "text": "$277.492 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "94.04% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "108.01% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "119.27% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/bk.json b/europe/bk.json index 99c52a7f..ec6135cb 100644 --- a/europe/bk.json +++ b/europe/bk.json @@ -501,6 +501,9 @@ "text": "Independence Day, 1 March (1992) and Statehood Day, 25 November (1943) - both observed in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity; Victory Day, 9 May (1945) and Dayton Agreement Day, 21 November (1995) - both observed in the Republika Srpska entity", "note": "note: there is no national-level holiday" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "14 December 1995 (constitution included as part of the Dayton Peace Accords); note - each of the political entities has its own constitution" @@ -509,9 +512,6 @@ "text": "decided by the Parliamentary Assembly, including a two-thirds majority vote of members present in the House of Representatives; the constitutional article on human rights and fundamental freedoms cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2009" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -785,11 +785,6 @@ "text": "16.9% (2015 est.)", "note": "note: % of population with income below national poverty line" }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2011": { - "text": "33 (2011 est.)" - } - }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { "text": "30% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" @@ -798,14 +793,6 @@ "text": "8.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "2.9%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "25.8% (2011 est.)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "10.53% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -826,19 +813,10 @@ "text": "$8.154 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "2.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "41.74% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "46.97% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "45.42% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/bo.json b/europe/bo.json index 3dd0e717..5bab33b2 100644 --- a/europe/bo.json +++ b/europe/bo.json @@ -517,6 +517,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 3 July (1944); note - 3 July 1944 was the date Minsk was liberated from German troops, 25 August 1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system; note - nearly all major codes (civil, civil procedure, criminal, criminal procedure, family, and labor) were revised and came into force in 1999 and 2000" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest drafted between late 1991 and early 1994, signed 15 March 1994" @@ -525,9 +528,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic through petition to the National Assembly or by petition of least 150,000 eligible voters; approval required by at least two-thirds majority vote in both chambers or by simple majority of votes cast in a referendum; amended 1996, 2004" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system; note - nearly all major codes (civil, civil procedure, criminal, criminal procedure, family, and labor) were revised and came into force in 1999 and 2000" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -840,19 +840,10 @@ "text": "$24.239 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "2.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2019": { "text": "33.24% of GDP (2019 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2018": { - "text": "37.1% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "39.88% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/bu.json b/europe/bu.json index 1fbe6c0d..039fea33 100644 --- a/europe/bu.json +++ b/europe/bu.json @@ -517,6 +517,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Liberation Day, 3 March (1878)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest drafted between late 1990 and early 1991, adopted 13 July 1991" @@ -525,9 +528,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly or by the president of the republic; passage requires three-fourths majority vote of National Assembly members in three ballots; signed by the National Assembly chairperson; note - under special circumstances, a \"Grand National Assembly\" is elected with the authority to write a new constitution and amend certain articles of the constitution, including those affecting basic civil rights and national sovereignty; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in each of several readings; amended several times, last in 2023" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -843,19 +843,10 @@ "text": "$26.544 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "30.3% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "32.9% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "32.26% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/cy.json b/europe/cy.json index d4ce22b2..35ca6349 100644 --- a/europe/cy.json +++ b/europe/cy.json @@ -129,11 +129,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Greek (official) 80.9%, Turkish (official) 0.2%, English 4.1%, Romanian 2.9%, Russian 2.5%, Bulgarian 2.2%, Arabic 1.2%, Filipino 1.1%, other 4.3%, unspecified 0.6%; note - data represent only the Republic of Cyprus (2011 est.)" + "text": "Greek (official) 80.9%, Turkish (official) 0.2%, English 4.1%, Romanian 2.9%, Russian 2.5%, Bulgarian 2.2%, Arabic 1.2%, Filipino 1.1%, other 4.3%, unspecified 0.6%  (2011 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Το Παγκόσμιο Βιβλίο Δεδομένων, η απαραίτητη πηγή βασικών πληροφοριών. (Greek)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: data represent only the Republic of Cyprus" }, "Religions": { "text": "Eastern Orthodox Christian 89.1%, Roman Catholic 2.9%, Protestant/Anglican 2%, Muslim 1.8%, Buddhist 1%, other (includes Maronite Catholic, Armenian Apostolic, Hindu) 1.4%, unknown 1.1%, none/atheist 0.6% (2011 est.)", @@ -518,6 +519,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 1 October (1960); note - Turkish Cypriots celebrate 15 November (1983) as \"Republic Day\"" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and civil law with European law supremacy" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "ratified 16 August 1960; note - in 1963, the constitution was partly suspended as Turkish Cypriots withdrew from the government; Turkish-held territory in 1983 was declared the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" (\"TRNC\"); in 1985, the \"TRNC\" approved its own constitution" @@ -526,9 +530,6 @@ "text": "constitution of the Republic of Cyprus - proposed by the House of Representatives; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership of the \"Greek Community\" and the \"Turkish Community\"; however, all seats of Turkish Cypriot members have remained vacant since 1964; amended many times, last in 2020;
constitution of the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” - proposed by at least 10 members of the \"Assembly of the Republic\"; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total Assembly membership and approval by referendum; amended 2014" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and civil law with European law supremacy" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -844,16 +845,10 @@ }, "note": "note: area administered by Turkish Cypriots - revenues: $2.5 billion; expenditures: $2.5 billion (est. 2006)" }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "97.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "106.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/da.json b/europe/da.json index 6d0d4954..8605a019 100644 --- a/europe/da.json +++ b/europe/da.json @@ -519,6 +519,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Constitution Day, 5 June (1849); note - closest equivalent to a national holiday" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law; judicial review of legislative acts" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 5 June 1953" @@ -527,9 +530,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the Folketing (Parliament) with consent of the government; passage requires approval by the next Folketing following a general election, approval by simple majority vote of at least 40% of voters in a referendum, and assent of the chief of state; changed several times, last in 2009 (Danish Act of Succession)" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law; judicial review of legislative acts" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -843,16 +843,10 @@ "text": "$172.408 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "35.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "37.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/ee.json b/europe/ee.json index a82bab29..cd5fee9a 100644 --- a/europe/ee.json +++ b/europe/ee.json @@ -302,6 +302,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Europe Day (also known as Schuman Day), 9 May (1950); note - the day in 1950 that Robert SCHUMAN proposed the creation of what became the European Coal and Steel Community, the progenitor of today's European Union, with the aim of achieving a united Europe" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "unique supranational system of laws in which, according to an interpretive declaration of member-state governments appended to the Treaty of Lisbon, \"the Treaties and the law adopted by the Union on the basis of the Treaties have primacy over the law of Member States\" under conditions laid down in the case law of the Court of Justice; key principles of EU jurisprudence include universal rights as guaranteed by the Charter of Fundamental Rights and as resulting from constitutional traditions common to the EU's 27 member states; EU law is divided into 'primary' and 'secondary' legislation; primary legislation is derived from the consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and are the basis for all EU action; secondary legislation - which includes directives, regulations, and decisions - is derived from the principles and objectives set out in the treaties" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "none; note - the EU legal order relies primarily on two consolidated texts encompassing all provisions as amended from a series of past treaties: the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU); The TEU as modified by the 2009 Lisbon Treaty states in Article 1 that \"the HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES establish among themselves a EUROPEAN UNION ... on which the Member States confer competences to attain objectives they have in common\"; Article 1 of the TEU states further that the EU is \"founded on the present Treaty and on the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (hereinafter referred to as 'the Treaties'),\" both possessing the same legal value; Article 6 of the TEU provides that a separately adopted Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union \"shall have the same legal value as the Treaties\"" @@ -310,9 +313,6 @@ "text": "European Union treaties can be amended in several ways: 1) Ordinary Revision Procedure (for key amendments to the treaties); initiated by an EU member state, by the European Parliament, or by the European Commission; following adoption of the proposal by the European Council, a convention is formed of national government representatives to review the proposal and a conference of government representatives  subsequently reviews the proposal; passage requires ratification by all EU member states; 2) Simplified Revision Procedure (for amendment of EU internal policies and actions); passage of a proposal requires unanimous European Council vote following European Council consultation with the European Commission, the European Parliament, and the European Central Bank (if the amendment concerns monetary matters) and requires ratification by all EU member states; 3) Passerelle Clause (allows the alteration of a legislative procedure without a formal amendment of the treaties); 4) Flexibility Clause (permits the EU to decide in subject areas where EU competences have not been explicitly granted in the Treaties but are necessary to the attainment of the objectives set out in the Treaty); note - the Treaty of Lisbon (signed in December 2007 and effective in December 2009) amended the two treaties that formed the EU - the Maastricht Treaty (1992), also known as the TEU,  and the Treaty of Rome (1957), known in updated form as the TFEU" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "unique supranational system of laws in which, according to an interpretive declaration of member-state governments appended to the Treaty of Lisbon, \"the Treaties and the law adopted by the Union on the basis of the Treaties have primacy over the law of Member States\" under conditions laid down in the case law of the Court of Justice; key principles of EU jurisprudence include universal rights as guaranteed by the Charter of Fundamental Rights and as resulting from constitutional traditions common to the EU's 27 member states; EU law is divided into 'primary' and 'secondary' legislation; primary legislation is derived from the consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and are the basis for all EU action; secondary legislation - which includes directives, regulations, and decisions - is derived from the principles and objectives set out in the treaties" - }, "Suffrage": { "text": "18 years of age (16 years in Austria); universal; voting for the European Parliament is permitted in each member state" }, @@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador Jovita NELIUPŠIENĖ (since 27 February 2024)" + "text": "Ambassador Jovita NELIUPŠIENĖ, Head of Delegation (since 27 February 2024)" }, "chancery": { "text": "2175 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20037" @@ -531,10 +531,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "9.8% (2013 est.)", - "note": "note: see individual country entries of member states" - }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016": { "text": "30.8 (2016 est.)" @@ -560,15 +556,9 @@ }, "note": "note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities" }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3% (of GDP) (2014)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2014": { "text": "86.8% of GDP (2014)" - }, - "Public debt 2013": { - "text": "85.5% of GDP (2013)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -627,9 +617,6 @@ "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2014": { "text": "$740.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)" }, - "Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 31 December 2013": { - "text": "$746.9 billion (31 December 2013)" - }, "note": "note: data are for the European Central Bank" }, "Debt - external": { diff --git a/europe/ei.json b/europe/ei.json index 860dc136..ca8848dd 100644 --- a/europe/ei.json +++ b/europe/ei.json @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ "text": "Irish 76.6%, Irish travelers 0.6%, other White 9.9%, Asian 3.3%, Black 1.5%, other (includes Arab, Roma, and persons of mixed backgrounds) 2%, unspecified 2.6% (2022 est.)" }, "Languages": { - "text": "English (official, the language generally used), Irish (Gaelic or Gaeilge) (official, spoken by approximately 37.7% of the population as of 2022; mainly spoken in areas along Ireland's western coast known as gaeltachtai, which are officially recognized regions where Irish is the predominant language)" + "text": "English (official, the language generally used), Irish (Gaelic or Gaeilge) (official, spoken by approximately 37.7% of the population)" }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 69.2% (includes lapsed), Protestant 3.7% (Church of Ireland/England/Anglican/Episcopalian 2.5%, other Protestant 1.2%), Orthodox 2%, other Christian 0.9%, Muslim 1.6%, other 1.4%, agnostic/atheist 0.1%, none 14.5%, unspecified 6.7% (2022 est.)" @@ -498,6 +498,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March; note - marks the traditional death date of Saint Patrick, patron saint of Ireland, during the latter half of the fifth century A.D. (most commonly cited years are c. 461 and c. 493); although Saint Patrick's feast day was celebrated in Ireland as early as the ninth century, it only became an official public holiday in Ireland in 1903" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law system based on the English model but substantially modified by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts by Supreme Court" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1922; latest drafted 14 June 1937, adopted by plebiscite 1 July 1937, effective 29 December 1937" @@ -506,9 +509,6 @@ "text": "proposed as bills by Parliament; passage requires majority vote by both the Senate and House of Representatives, majority vote in a referendum, and presidential signature; amended many times, last in 2019" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law system based on the English model but substantially modified by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts by Supreme Court" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -825,19 +825,10 @@ "text": "$97.713 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "46.71% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "64.34% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "71.3% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/en.json b/europe/en.json index 73ade0d5..bd5f09fa 100644 --- a/europe/en.json +++ b/europe/en.json @@ -515,6 +515,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 24 February (1918); note - 24 February 1918 was the date Estonia declared its independence from Soviet Russia and established its statehood; 20 August 1991 was the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union restoring its statehood" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 28 June 1992, entered into force 3 July 1992" @@ -523,9 +526,6 @@ "text": "proposed by at least one-fifth of Parliament members or by the president of the republic; passage requires three readings of the proposed amendment and a simple majority vote in two successive memberships of Parliament; passage of amendments to the \"General Provisions\" and \"Amendment of the Constitution\" chapters requires at least three-fifths majority vote by Parliament to conduct a referendum and majority vote in a referendum; amended several times, last in 2015" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -841,19 +841,10 @@ "text": "$12.269 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "25.2% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "23.89% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "23.77% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/ez.json b/europe/ez.json index 025d1708..7d9e2f90 100644 --- a/europe/ez.json +++ b/europe/ez.json @@ -127,11 +127,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Czech (official) 88.4%, Slovak 1.5%, other 2.6%, unspecified 7.2%

note: includes only persons with one mother tongue (2021 est.)" + "text": "Czech (official) 88.4%, Slovak 1.5%, other 2.6%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
World Factbook, nepostradatelný zdroj základních informací. (Czech)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: includes only persons with one mother tongue" }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 7%, other believers belonging to a church or religious society 6% (includes Evangelical United Brethren Church and Czechoslovak Hussite Church), believers unaffiliated with a religious society 9.1%, none 47.8%, unspecified 30.1% (2021 est.)" @@ -514,6 +515,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Czechoslovak Founding Day, 28 October (1918)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "new civil code enacted in 2014, replacing civil code of 1964 - based on former Austro-Hungarian civil codes and socialist theory - and reintroducing former Czech legal terminology" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1960; latest ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993" @@ -522,9 +526,6 @@ "text": "passage requires at least three-fifths concurrence of members present in both houses of Parliament; amended several times, last in 2021" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "new civil code enacted in 2014, replacing civil code of 1964 - based on former Austro-Hungarian civil codes and socialist theory - and reintroducing former Czech legal terminology" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -840,15 +841,9 @@ "text": "$103.167 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "34.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "36.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/fi.json b/europe/fi.json index 0712cbe5..c6186104 100644 --- a/europe/fi.json +++ b/europe/fi.json @@ -529,6 +529,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 6 December (1917)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the Swedish model" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1906, 1919; latest drafted 17 June 1997, approved by Parliament 11 June 1999, entered into force 1 March 2000" @@ -537,9 +540,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage normally requires simple majority vote in two readings in the first parliamentary session and at least two-thirds majority vote in a single reading by the newly elected Parliament; proposals declared \"urgent\" by five-sixths of Parliament members can be passed by at least two-thirds majority vote in the first parliamentary session only; amended several times, last in 2018" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the Swedish model" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -855,16 +855,10 @@ }, "note": "note: Central Government Budget data; these numbers represent a significant reduction from previous official reporting" }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "61.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "62.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/fo.json b/europe/fo.json index fb55bcb8..06bb389e 100644 --- a/europe/fo.json +++ b/europe/fo.json @@ -413,6 +413,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Olaifest (Olavsoka) (commemorates the death in battle of King OLAF II of Norway, later St. OLAF), 29 July (1030)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "the laws of Denmark apply where applicable" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "5 June 1953 (Danish Constitution), 23 March 1948 (Home Rule Act), and 24 June 2005 (Takeover Act) serve as the Faroe Islands' constitutional position in the Unity of the Realm" @@ -421,9 +424,6 @@ "text": "see entry for Denmark" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "the laws of Denmark apply where applicable" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see Denmark" }, @@ -593,11 +593,6 @@ "Population below poverty line": { "text": "10% (2015 est.)" }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { - "text": "22.7 (2013 est.)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2022": { "text": "4.45% of GDP (2022 est.)" @@ -619,9 +614,6 @@ }, "note": "note: Denmark supplies the Faroe Islands with almost one-third of its public funds" }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.7% (of GDP) (2014 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2014": { "text": "35% of GDP (2014 est.)" diff --git a/europe/fr.json b/europe/fr.json index 393b576e..7ff50432 100644 --- a/europe/fr.json +++ b/europe/fr.json @@ -156,11 +156,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "French (official) 100%, declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish, Occitan, Picard); note - overseas departments: French, Creole patois, Mahorian (a Swahili dialect)" + "text": "French (official) 100%, declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish, Occitan, Picard)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: overseas departments - French, Creole patois, Mahorian (a Swahili dialect)" }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 47%, Muslim 4%, Protestant 2%, Buddhist 2%, Orthodox 1%, Jewish 1%, other 1%, none 33%, unspecified 9% (2021 est.)", @@ -555,6 +556,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Fête de la Fédération, 14 July (1790); note - often incorrectly referred to as Bastille Day, the celebration commemorates the holiday held on the first anniversary of the storming of the Bastille (on 14 July 1789) and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy; other names for the holiday are la Fête nationale (National Holiday) and le Quatorze Juillet (14th of July)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law; review of administrative but not legislative acts" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "many previous; latest effective 4 October 1958" @@ -563,9 +567,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic (upon recommendation of the prime minister and Parliament) or by Parliament; proposals submitted by Parliament members require passage by both houses followed by approval in a referendum; passage of proposals submitted by the government can bypass a referendum if submitted by the president to Parliament and passed by at least three-fifths majority vote by Parliament’s National Assembly; amended many times, last in 2008" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law; review of administrative but not legislative acts" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -889,19 +890,10 @@ "text": "$1.509 trillion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "98.66% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "116.89% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "123.17% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/gi.json b/europe/gi.json index 8bbad228..3c54ff9d 100644 --- a/europe/gi.json +++ b/europe/gi.json @@ -361,6 +361,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or join Spain" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1969; latest passed by referendum 30 November 2006, entered into effect 14 December 2006, entered into force 2 January 2007" @@ -369,9 +372,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Parliament and requires prior consent of the British monarch (through the Secretary of State); passage requires at least three-fourths majority vote in Parliament followed by simple majority vote in a referendum; note – only sections 1 through 15 in Chapter 1 (Protection of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms) can be amended by Parliament" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see United Kingdom" }, @@ -452,36 +452,16 @@ "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": { "text": "$2.044 billion (2014 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2013": { - "text": "$1.85 billion (2013 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2012": { - "text": "$2 billion (2012 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2014 dollars" }, "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2014": { "text": "$61,700 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2008": { - "text": "$43,000 (2008 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2007": { - "text": "$41,200 (2007 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { "text": "$2.044 billion (2014 est.)" }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2013": { - "text": "2.5% (2013 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2012": { - "text": "2.2% (2012 est.)" - } - }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { "agriculture": { "text": "0% (2016 est.)" @@ -519,23 +499,9 @@ "text": "$452.3 million (2008 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.1% (of GDP) (2008 est.)" - }, - "Public debt": { - "Public debt 2008": { - "text": "7.5% of GDP (2008 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2006": { - "text": "8.4% of GDP (2006 est.)" - } - }, "Exports": { "Exports 2014": { "text": "$202.3 million (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exports 2004": { - "text": "$271 million (2004 est.)" } }, "Exports - partners": { diff --git a/europe/gk.json b/europe/gk.json index 93357e35..1a43682b 100644 --- a/europe/gk.json +++ b/europe/gk.json @@ -339,6 +339,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "customary legal system based on Norman customary law; includes elements of the French civil code and English common law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "unwritten; includes royal charters, statutes, and common law and practice" @@ -347,9 +350,6 @@ "text": "new laws or changes to existing laws are initiated by the States of Deliberation; passage requires majority vote; many laws have been passed; in 2019, 60 laws were passed" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "customary legal system based on Norman customary law; includes elements of the French civil code and English common law" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see United Kingdom" }, @@ -437,9 +437,6 @@ "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": { "text": "$3.451 billion (2014 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2013": { - "text": "$3.42 billion (2013 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2015 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { @@ -520,9 +517,6 @@ "text": "$530.9 million (2005 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.2% (of GDP) (2005)" - }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "almost entirely United Kingdom (2022)" }, diff --git a/europe/gm.json b/europe/gm.json index 911f1f2a..031f1438 100644 --- a/europe/gm.json +++ b/europe/gm.json @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "German (official); note - Danish, Frisian, Sorbian, and Romani are official minority languages; Low German, Danish, North Frisian, Sater Frisian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, and Romani are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages" + "text": "German (official); note - Danish, Frisian, Sorbian, and Romani are official minority languages; Low German, Danish, North Frisian, Sater Frisian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, and Romani are recognized as regional languages" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -539,6 +539,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "German Unity Day, 3 October (1990)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1919 (Weimar Constitution); latest drafted 10-23 August 1948, approved 12 May 1949, promulgated 23 May 1949, entered into force 24 May 1949" @@ -547,9 +550,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage and enactment into law require two-thirds majority vote by both the Bundesrat (upper house) and the Bundestag (lower house) of Parliament; articles including those on basic human rights and freedoms cannot be amended; amended many times, last in 2020; note - in early 2021, the German federal government introduced a bill to incorporate children’s rights into the constitution" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -868,16 +868,10 @@ "text": "$1.945 trillion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "67.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euros; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euro using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/gr.json b/europe/gr.json index 99c19261..1a132031 100644 --- a/europe/gr.json +++ b/europe/gr.json @@ -511,6 +511,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 25 March (1821)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil legal system based on Roman law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "many previous; latest entered into force 11 June 1975" @@ -519,9 +522,6 @@ "text": "proposed by at least 50 members of Parliament and agreed by three-fifths majority vote in two separate ballots at least 30 days apart; passage requires absolute majority vote by the next elected Parliament; entry into force finalized through a \"special parliamentary resolution\"; articles on human rights and freedoms and the form of government cannot be amended; amended 1986, 2001, 2008, 2019" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil legal system based on Roman law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -843,19 +843,10 @@ "text": "$97.277 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "203.29% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "237.49% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "253.23% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/hr.json b/europe/hr.json index d076bf53..27acb3ed 100644 --- a/europe/hr.json +++ b/europe/hr.json @@ -530,6 +530,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Statehood Day (National Day), 30 May (1990); note - marks the day in 1990 that the first modern multi-party Croatian parliament convened" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system influenced by legal heritage of Austria-Hungary; note - Croatian law was fully harmonized with the European Community acquis as of the June 2010 completion of EU accession negotiations" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1990" @@ -538,9 +541,6 @@ "text": "proposed by at least one fifth of the Assembly membership, by the president of the republic, by the Government of Croatia, or through petition by at least 10% of the total electorate; proceedings to amend require majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; passage by petition requires a majority vote in a referendum and promulgation by the Assembly; amended several times, last in 2014" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by legal heritage of Austria-Hungary; note - Croatian law was fully harmonized with the European Community acquis as of the June 2010 completion of EU accession negotiations" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -860,19 +860,10 @@ "text": "$211.069 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "82.08% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "90.32% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "98% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -955,22 +946,22 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "0.925 (2023 est.)" + }, "Exchange rates 2022": { - "text": "7.16 (2022 est.)" + "text": "0.95 (2022 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2021": { - "text": "6.36 (2021 est.)" + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2020": { - "text": "6.614 (2020 est.)" + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, "Exchange rates 2019": { - "text": "6.623 (2019 est.)" + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2018": { - "text": "6.279 (2018 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: Rates shown through 2022 are for the kuna, which Croatia used prior to conversion to the euro on 1 January 2023. During the transition period the exchange rate was fixed at 7.53450 kuna to 1 euro." + "note": "note: Croatia used the kuna prior to conversion to the euro on 1 January 2023. During the transition period the exchange rate was fixed at 7.53450 kuna to 1 euro." } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/europe/hu.json b/europe/hu.json index 017e3e05..76bf466c 100644 --- a/europe/hu.json +++ b/europe/hu.json @@ -533,6 +533,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August (1083); note - commemorates his canonization and the transfer of his remains to Buda (now Budapest) in 1083" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil legal system influenced by the German model" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1949 (heavily amended in 1989 following the collapse of communism); latest approved 18 April 2011, signed 25 April 2011, effective 1 January 2012" @@ -541,9 +544,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by parliamentary committee, or by Parliament members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament members and approval by the president; amended several times, last in 2018" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil legal system influenced by the German model" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICC jurisdiction" }, @@ -861,19 +861,10 @@ "text": "$74.127 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "75.53% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "86.92% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "95.94% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/ic.json b/europe/ic.json index 402b0866..e8ec91aa 100644 --- a/europe/ic.json +++ b/europe/ic.json @@ -499,6 +499,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 17 June (1944)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system influenced by the Danish model" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest ratified 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944 (at independence)" @@ -507,9 +510,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the Althingi; passage requires approval by the Althingi and by the next elected Althingi, and confirmation by the president of the republic; proposed amendments to Article 62 of the constitution – that the Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the state church of Iceland – also require passage by referendum; amended many times, last in 2013" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by the Danish model" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ "text": "President Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON (since 1 August 2016)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Bjarni BENEDIKTSSON (since 9 April 2024)" + "text": "Prime Minister Halla TOMASDOTTIR (since 1 August 2024)" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the prime minister" @@ -544,9 +544,8 @@ "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 4-year term (no term limits); election last held on 1 June 2024 (next to be held in June 2028); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition becomes prime minister" }, "election results": { - "text": "2024: percent of vote - Halla TOMASDOTTIR (independent) 34.1%, Katrin JAKOBSDOTTIR (Left-Green Movement) 25.2%, Halla Hrund LOGADOTTIR (independent) 15.7%, Jon GNARR (Social Democratic Alliance) 10.1%, Baldur PORHALLSSON (independent) 8.4%, other 6.5%

2020: Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON reelected president; percent of vote - Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON (independent) 92.2%, Gudmundur Franklin JONSSON (independent) 7.8%

2016: Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON elected president; Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON (independent) 39.1%, Halla TOMASDOTTIR (independent) 27.9%, Andri Snær MAGNASON (Democracy Movement) 14.3%, David ODDSSON (independent) 13.7%, other 5%" - }, - "note": "note: Prime Minister Katrin JAKOBSDOTTIR resigned on 5 April 2024 in order to be a candidate in the 1 June 2024 presidential election

note:  Halla TOMASDOTTIR was elected president on 1 June 2024 and will take office 1 August 2024" + "text": "
2024: percent of vote - Halla TOMASDOTTIR (independent) 34.1%, Katrin JAKOBSDOTTIR (Left-Green Movement) 25.2%, Halla Hrund LOGADOTTIR (independent) 15.7%, Jon GNARR (Social Democratic Alliance) 10.1%, Baldur PORHALLSSON (independent) 8.4%, other 6.5%

2020: Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON reelected president; percent of vote - Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON (independent) 92.2%, Gudmundur Franklin JONSSON (independent) 7.8%

2016: Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON elected president; Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON (independent) 39.1%, Halla TOMASDOTTIR (independent) 27.9%, Andri Snær MAGNASON (Democracy Movement) 14.3%, David ODDSSON (independent) 13.7%, other 5%" + } }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { @@ -814,19 +813,10 @@ "text": "$11.536 billion (2018 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "86.5% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "95.92% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "100.32% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/im.json b/europe/im.json index b7cab516..fd115fb4 100644 --- a/europe/im.json +++ b/europe/im.json @@ -395,6 +395,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Tynwald Day, 5 July (1417); date Tynwald Day was first recorded" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "the laws of the UK apply where applicable and include Manx statutes" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "development of the Isle of Man constitution dates to at least the 14th century" @@ -403,9 +406,6 @@ "text": "proposed as a bill in the House of Keys, by the \"Government,\" by a \"Member of the House,\" or through petition to the House or Legislative Council; passage normally requires three separate readings and approval of at least 13 House members; following both House and Council agreement, assent is required by the lieutenant governor on behalf of the Crown; the constitution has been expanded and amended many times, last in 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "the laws of the UK apply where applicable and include Manx statutes" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see United Kingdom" }, @@ -493,9 +493,6 @@ "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": { "text": "$7.428 billion (2014 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2013": { - "text": "$6.298 billion (2013 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2014 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { @@ -513,12 +510,6 @@ "Real GDP per capita": { "Real GDP per capita 2014": { "text": "$84,600 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2013": { - "text": "$86,200 (2013 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2012": { - "text": "$73,700 (2012 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -566,20 +557,6 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "Unemployment rate 2017": { "text": "1.1% (2017 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate April 2011": { - "text": "2% (April 2011 est.)" - } - }, - "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { - "total": { - "text": "10.1% (2011 est.)" - }, - "male": { - "text": "11.8%" - }, - "female": { - "text": "8.2%" } }, "Budget": { @@ -590,9 +567,6 @@ "text": "$943 million (FY05/06 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.3% (of GDP) (FY05/06 est.)" - }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "almost entirely United Kingdom (2022)" }, diff --git a/europe/it.json b/europe/it.json index 31e93920..cf80878f 100644 --- a/europe/it.json +++ b/europe/it.json @@ -514,6 +514,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Republic Day, 2 June (1946)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislation under certain conditions in Constitutional Court" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1848 (originally for the Kingdom of Sardinia and adopted by the Kingdom of Italy in 1861); latest enacted 22 December 1947, adopted 27 December 1947, entered into force 1 January 1948" @@ -522,9 +525,6 @@ "text": "proposed by both houses of Parliament; passage requires two successive debates and approval by absolute majority of each house on the second vote; a referendum is only required when requested by one fifth of the members of either house, by voter petition, or by 5 Regional Councils (elected legislative assemblies of the 15 first-level administrative regions and 5 autonomous regions of Italy); referendum not required if an amendment has been approved by a two-thirds majority in each house in the second vote; amended many times, last in 2020; note - in June 2024, the Senate approved in its first vote an amendment calling for the direct election of the prime minister; subsequent votes by both the Senate and House of Deputies is required for passage; lacking approval by Parliament, approval is required by constitutional referendum" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislation under certain conditions in Constitutional Court" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -847,16 +847,10 @@ "text": "$1.08 trillion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "131.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "132% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: Italy reports its data on public debt according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty; general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year, in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises central, state, and local government and social security funds" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/je.json b/europe/je.json index b0d9fb56..17bbc842 100644 --- a/europe/je.json +++ b/europe/je.json @@ -385,6 +385,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "the laws of the UK apply where applicable; includes local statutes" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice" @@ -393,9 +396,6 @@ "text": "proposed by a government minister to the Assembly of the States of Jersey, by an Assembly member, or by an elected parish head; passage requires several Assembly readings, a majority vote by the Assembly, review by the UK Ministry of Justice, and approval of the British monarch (Royal Assent)" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "the laws of the UK apply where applicable; includes local statutes" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see United Kingdom" }, @@ -446,9 +446,7 @@ "text": "UPU" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { - "chief of mission": { - "text": "none (British Crown dependency)" - } + "text": "none (British Crown dependency)" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "embassy": { @@ -573,9 +571,6 @@ "text": "$851 million (2005)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.4% (of GDP) (2005)" - }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "almost entirely United Kingdom (2022)" }, diff --git a/europe/kv.json b/europe/kv.json index fe72f1ac..65d51d7f 100644 --- a/europe/kv.json +++ b/europe/kv.json @@ -122,11 +122,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Albanian (official) 94.5%, Bosnian 1.7%, Serbian (official) 1.6%, Turkish 1.1%, other 0.9% (includes Romani), unspecified 0.1%; note - in municipalities where a community's mother tongue is not one of Kosovo's official languages, the language of that community may be given official status according to the 2006 Law on the Use of Languages

note: these estimates may under-represent Serb, Romani, and some other ethnic minority languages because they are based on the 2011 Kosovo national census, which excluded northern Kosovo (a largely Serb-inhabited region) and was partially boycotted by Serb and Romani communities in southern Kosovo (2011 est.)" + "text": "Albanian (official) 94.5%, Bosnian 1.7%, Serbian (official) 1.6%, Turkish 1.1%, other 0.9% (includes Romani), unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "Libri i fakteve boterore, burimi i pazevendesueshem per informacione elementare (Albanian)

Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: these estimates may under-represent Serb, Romani, and other ethnic minority languages because they are based on the 2011 Kosovo national census, which excluded northern Kosovo (a largely Serb-inhabited region) and was partially boycotted by Serb and Romani communities in southern Kosovo" }, "Religions": { "text": "Muslim 95.6%, Roman Catholic 2.2%, Orthodox 1.5%, other 0.1%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.6% (2011 est.)", @@ -384,6 +385,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 17 February (2008)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system; note - the European Union Rule of Law Mission (EULEX) retained limited executive powers within the Kosovo judiciary for complex cases from 2008 to 2018" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1974, 1990; latest (postindependence) draft finalized 2 April 2008, signed 7 April 2008, ratified 9 April 2008, entered into force 15 June 2008; note - amendment 24, passed by the Assembly in August 2015, established the Kosovo Relocated Specialist Institution, referred to as the Kosovo Specialist Chamber or \"Specialist Court,\" to try war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other crimes under Kosovo law committed during and immediately after the Kosovo War (1998-2000)" @@ -392,9 +396,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the government, by the president of the republic, or by one fourth of Assembly deputies; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, including two-thirds majority vote of deputies representing non-majority communities, followed by a favorable Constitutional Court assessment; amended several times, last in 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system; note - the European Union Rule of Law Mission (EULEX) retained limited executive powers within the Kosovo judiciary for complex cases from 2008 to 2018" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -429,7 +430,7 @@ "text": "president indirectly elected by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly for a 5-year term; if a candidate does not attain a two-thirds threshold in the first two ballots, the candidate winning a simple majority vote in the third ballot is elected (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 to 4 April 2021 (next to be held in 2026); prime minister indirectly elected by the Assembly" }, "election results": { - "text": "2021:  Vjosa OSMANI-Sadriu elected president in third ballot; Assembly vote - Vjosa OSMANI-Sadriu (Guxo!) 71 votes; Albin KURTI (LVV) elected prime minister; Assembly vote - 67 for, 30 against

2017: Ramush HARADINAJ (AAK) elected prime minister; Assembly vote - 61 for, 1 abstention, 0 against (opposition boycott)

2016: Hashim THACI elected president in third ballot; Assembly vote - Hashim THACI (PDK) 71 votes" + "text": "
2021:  Vjosa OSMANI-Sadriu elected president in third ballot; Assembly vote - Vjosa OSMANI-Sadriu (Guxo!) 71 votes; Albin KURTI (LVV) elected prime minister; Assembly vote - 67 for, 30 against

2017: Ramush HARADINAJ (AAK) elected prime minister; Assembly vote - 61 for, 1 abstention, 0 against (opposition boycott)

2016: Hashim THACI elected president in third ballot; Assembly vote - Hashim THACI (PDK) 71 votes" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -689,15 +690,9 @@ "text": "$2.547 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "21.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "19.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/lg.json b/europe/lg.json index 8e1c47f9..5734487a 100644 --- a/europe/lg.json +++ b/europe/lg.json @@ -129,11 +129,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Latvian (official) 56.3%, Russian 33.8%, other 0.6% (includes Polish, Ukrainian, and Belarusian), unspecified 9.4%; note - data represent language usually spoken at home (2011 est.)" + "text": "Latvian (official) 56.3%, Russian 33.8%, other 0.6% (includes Polish, Ukrainian, and Belarusian), unspecified 9.4%  (2011 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
World Factbook, neaizstājams avots pamata informāciju. (Latvian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: data represent language usually spoken at home" }, "Religions": { "text": "Lutheran 36.2%, Roman Catholic 19.5%, Orthodox 19.1%, other Christian 1.6%, other 0.1%, unspecified/none 23.5% (2017 est.)" @@ -513,6 +514,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day (Republic of Latvia Proclamation Day), 18 November (1918); note - 18 November 1918 was the date Latvia established its statehood and its concomitant independence from Soviet Russia; 4 May 1990 was the date it declared the restoration of Latvian statehood and its concomitant independence from the Soviet Union" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system with traces of socialist legal traditions and practices" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous (pre-1991 independence); note - following the restoration of independence in 1991, parts of the 1922 constitution were reintroduced 4 May 1990 and fully reintroduced 6 July 1993" @@ -521,9 +525,6 @@ "text": "proposed by two thirds of Parliament members or by petition of one tenth of qualified voters submitted through the president; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in each of three readings; amendment of constitutional articles, including national sovereignty, language, the parliamentary electoral system, and constitutional amendment procedures, requires passage in a referendum by majority vote of at least one half of the electorate; amended several times, last in 2019" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system with traces of socialist legal traditions and practices" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -836,16 +837,10 @@ "text": "$14.242 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "36.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "37.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/lh.json b/europe/lh.json index 3052d8b6..7d01d4da 100644 --- a/europe/lh.json +++ b/europe/lh.json @@ -521,6 +521,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day (or National Day), 16 February (1918); note - 16 February 1918 was the date Lithuania established its statehood and its concomitant independence from Soviet Russia and Germany; 11 March 1990 was the date it declared the restoration of Lithuanian statehood and its concomitant independence from the Soviet Union" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the Constitutional Court" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted by referendum 25 October 1992, entered into force 2 November 1992" @@ -529,9 +532,6 @@ "text": "proposed by at least one fourth of all Parliament members or by petition of at least 300,000 voters; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in each of two readings three months apart and a presidential signature; amendments to constitutional articles on national sovereignty and constitutional amendment procedure also require three-fourths voter approval in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2022" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the Constitutional Court" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -846,19 +846,10 @@ "text": "$18.491 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "36.05% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "48.21% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "52.86% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/lo.json b/europe/lo.json index 4a6ce46e..fddde052 100644 --- a/europe/lo.json +++ b/europe/lo.json @@ -511,6 +511,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Constitution Day, 1 September (1992)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; note - legal code modified to comply with the obligations of Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous (preindependence); latest passed by the National Council 1 September 1992, signed 3 September 1992, effective 1 October 1992" @@ -519,9 +522,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Council; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote of Council members; amended many times, last in 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; note - legal code modified to comply with the obligations of Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -837,19 +837,10 @@ "text": "$44.914 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "64.51% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "78.84% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "78.33% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/ls.json b/europe/ls.json index d0a3d4b1..8d09cb03 100644 --- a/europe/ls.json +++ b/europe/ls.json @@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "German 91.5% (official) (Alemannic is the main dialect), Italian 1.5%, Turkish 1.3%, Portuguese 1.1%, other 4.6% (2015 est.)" + "text": "German 91.5% (official, Alemannic is the main dialect), Italian 1.5%, Turkish 1.3%, Portuguese 1.1%, other 4.6% (2015 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -445,6 +445,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Day, 15 August (1940); note - a National Day was originally established in 1940 to combine celebrations for the Feast of the Assumption (15 August) with those honoring the birthday of former Prince FRANZ JOSEF II (1906-1989) whose birth fell on 16 August; after the prince's death, National Day became the official national holiday by law in 1990" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system influenced by Swiss, Austrian, and German law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1862; latest adopted 5 October 1921" @@ -453,9 +456,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Parliament, by the reigning prince (in the form of \"Government\" proposals), by petition of at least 1,500 qualified voters, or by at least four communes; passage requires unanimous approval of Parliament members in one sitting or three-quarters majority vote in two successive sittings; referendum required only if petitioned by at least 1,500 voters or by at least four communes; passage by referendum requires absolute majority of votes cast; amended many times, last in 2023" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by Swiss, Austrian, and German law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -564,34 +564,6 @@ "Real GDP (purchasing power parity)": { "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": { "text": "$4.978 billion (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2009": { - "text": "$3.2 billion (2009 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2008": { - "text": "$3.216 billion (2008 est.)" - } - }, - "Real GDP growth rate": { - "Real GDP growth rate 2012": { - "text": "1.8% (2012 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2011": { - "text": "-0.5% (2011 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2007": { - "text": "3.1% (2007 est.)" - } - }, - "Real GDP per capita": { - "Real GDP per capita 2009": { - "text": "$139,100 (2009 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2008": { - "text": "$90,100 (2008 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2007": { - "text": "$91,300 (2007 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -601,9 +573,6 @@ "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2016": { "text": "-0.4% (2016 est.)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2013": { - "text": "-0.2% (2013)" } }, "Credit ratings": { @@ -634,7 +603,7 @@ "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" }, "Labor force": { - "text": "38,520 (2015 est.) (2012)", + "text": "38,520 (2015 est.)", "note": "note: 51% of the labor force in Liechtenstein commute daily from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany" }, "Unemployment rate": { @@ -653,12 +622,6 @@ "text": "$890.4 million (2011 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.6% (of GDP) (2012 est.)" - }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "14.9% (of GDP) (2012 est.)" - }, "Exports": { "Exports 2015": { "text": "$3.217 billion (2015 est.)" diff --git a/europe/lu.json b/europe/lu.json index c0230ea1..8b00ca5c 100644 --- a/europe/lu.json +++ b/europe/lu.json @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ "note": "note: data represent population by nationality" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Luxembourgish (official administrative and judicial language and national language (spoken vernacular)) 48.9%, Portuguese 15.4%, French (official administrative, judicial, and legislative language) 14.9%, Italian 3.6%, English 3.6%, German (official administrative and judicial language) 2.9%, other 10.8% (2021 est.)" + "text": "Luxembourgish (official administrative, judicial, and national language) 48.9%, Portuguese 15.4%, French (official administrative, judicial, and legislative language) 14.9%, Italian 3.6%, English 3.6%, German (official administrative and judicial language) 2.9%, other 10.8% (2021 est.)" }, "Religions": { "text": "Christian (predominantly Roman Catholic) 70.6%, Muslim 2.3%, other (includes Buddhist, folk religions, Hindu, Jewish) 0.4%, unaffiliated 26.7% (2020 est.)" @@ -500,6 +500,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Day (birthday of Grand Duke HENRI), 23 June; note - this date of birth is not the true date of birth for any of the Royals, but the national festivities were shifted in 1962 to allow observance during a more favorable time of year" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1842 (heavily amended 1848, 1856); latest effective 17 October 1868" @@ -508,9 +511,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the Chamber of Deputies or by the monarch to the Chamber; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Chamber in two successive readings three months apart; a referendum can be substituted for the second reading if approved by more than a quarter of the Chamber members or by 25,000 valid voters; adoption by referendum requires a majority of all valid voters; amended many times, last in 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -814,16 +814,10 @@ "text": "$30.014 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "23% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "20.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/md.json b/europe/md.json index e89473c9..f5cc47d7 100644 --- a/europe/md.json +++ b/europe/md.json @@ -126,11 +126,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Moldovan/Romanian 80.2% (official) (56.7% identify their mother tongue as Moldovan, which is virtually the same as Romanian; 23.5% identify Romanian as their mother tongue), Russian 9.7%, Gagauz 4.2% (a Turkish language), Ukrainian 3.9%, Bulgarian 1.5%, Romani 0.3%, other 0.2% (2014 est.); note - data represent mother tongue; as of March 2023, Romanian replaced Moldovan as the name of Moldova's official language" + "text": "Moldovan/Romanian 80.2% (official) (56.7% Moldovan; 23.5% Romanian), Russian 9.7%, Gagauz 4.2% (a Turkish language), Ukrainian 3.9%, Bulgarian 1.5%, Romani 0.3%, other 0.2% (2014)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Cartea informativa a lumii, sursa indispensabila pentru informatii de baza. (Moldovan/Romanian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: data represent mother tongue; as of March 2023, \"Romanian\" replaced \"Moldovan\" as the name of Moldova's official language" }, "Religions": { "text": "Orthodox 90.1%, other Christian 2.6%, other 0.1%, agnostic <0.1%, atheist 0.2%, unspecified 6.9% (2014 est.)" @@ -506,6 +507,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 27 August (1991)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system with Germanic law influences; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1978; latest adopted 29 July 1994, effective 27 August 1994" @@ -514,9 +518,6 @@ "text": "proposed by voter petition (at least 200,000 eligible voters), by at least one third of Parliament members, or by the government; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament within one year of initial proposal; revisions to constitutional articles on sovereignty, independence, and neutrality require majority vote by referendum; articles on fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended; amended many times, last in 2018" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system with Germanic law influences; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -817,19 +818,10 @@ }, "note": "note: National Public Budget" }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "34.52% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "32.12% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "33.96% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/mj.json b/europe/mj.json index 24d8d87b..2547730b 100644 --- a/europe/mj.json +++ b/europe/mj.json @@ -536,6 +536,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Statehood Day, 13 July (1878, the day the Berlin Congress recognized Montenegro as the 27th independent state in the world, and 1941, the day the Montenegrins staged an uprising against fascist occupiers and sided with the partisan communist movement)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 22 October 2007" @@ -544,9 +547,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of Montenegro, by the government, or by at least 25 members of the Assembly; passage of draft proposals requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, followed by a public hearing; passage of draft amendments requires two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; changes to certain constitutional articles, such as sovereignty, state symbols, citizenship, and constitutional change procedures, require three-fifths majority vote in a referendum; amended 2013" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -859,16 +859,10 @@ "text": "$2.568 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "67.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "66.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/mk.json b/europe/mk.json index 79cfdf9e..e39573ba 100644 --- a/europe/mk.json +++ b/europe/mk.json @@ -119,16 +119,17 @@ } }, "Ethnic groups": { - "text": "Macedonian 58.4%, Albanian 24.3%, Turkish 3.9%, Romani 2.5%, Serb 1.3%, other 2.3%, persons for whom data were taken from administrative sources and no ethnic affiliation data was available 7.2% (2021 est.)", + "text": "Macedonian 58.4%, Albanian 24.3%, Turkish 3.9%, Romani 2.5%, Serb 1.3%, other 2.3%, no ethnic affiliation data available 7.2% (2021 est.)", "note": "note: data represent total resident population; Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 6.5–13% of North Macedonia’s population" }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Macedonian (official) 61.4%, Albanian (official) 24.3%, Turkish 3.4%, Romani 1.7%, other (includes Aromanian (Vlach) and Bosnian) 2%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.); note - data represent mother tongue; minority languages are co-official with Macedonian in municipalities where they are spoken by at least 20% of the population; Albanian is co-official in Tetovo, Brvenica, Vrapciste, and other municipalities; Turkish is co-official in Centar Zupa and Plasnica; Romani is co-official in Suto Orizari; Aromanian is co-official in Krusevo; Serbian is co-official in Cucer Sandevo" + "text": "Macedonian (official) 61.4%, Albanian (official) 24.3%, Turkish 3.4%, Romani 1.7%, other (includes Aromanian (Vlach) and Bosnian) 2%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Книга на Светски Факти, неопходен извор на основни информации. (Macedonian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: data represent mother tongue; minority languages are co-official with Macedonian in municipalities where at least 20% of the population are speakers, with Albanian co-official in Tetovo, Brvenica, Vrapciste, and other municipalities, Turkish in Centar Zupa and Plasnica, Romani in Suto Orizari, Aromanian in Krusevo, Serbian in Cucer Sandevo" }, "Religions": { "text": "Macedonian Orthodox 46.1%, Muslim 32.2%, other Christian 13.8%, other and non-believers 0.5%, unspecified 7.4% (2021 est.)" @@ -500,6 +501,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 8 September (1991), also known as National Day" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous (since 1944); latest adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991" @@ -508,9 +512,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by at least 30 members of the Assembly, or by petition of at least 150,000 citizens; final approval requires a two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; amended several times, last in 2019; this amendment was the result of the 2018 Prespa Agreement with Greece, in which the constitutional name of the country would be modified to Republic of North Macedonia in exchange for assurances that Greece would no longer object to its integration in international organizations; note - a referendum on  amendments to the constitution is expected in 2024" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -545,7 +546,7 @@ "text": "president directly elected using a modified 2-round system; a candidate can only be elected in the first round with an absolute majority from all registered voters; in the second round, voter turnout must be at least 40% for the result to be deemed valid; president elected for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 24 April and 8 May 2024 (next to be held in 2029); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by the Assembly" }, "election results": { - "text": "2024: Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA elected president in the second round; percent of vote - Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA (VMRO-DPMNE) 69%, Stevo PENDAROVSKI (SDSM) 31%

2024: Talat XHAFERI elected caretaker Prime Minister; Assembly vote - 65 for (opposition boycott)

2022: Dimitar KOVACEVSKI elected Prime Minister; Assembly vote - NA
" + "text": "
2024: Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA elected president in the second round; percent of vote - Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA (VMRO-DPMNE) 69%, Stevo PENDAROVSKI (SDSM) 31%

2024: Talat XHAFERI elected caretaker Prime Minister; Assembly vote - 65 for (opposition boycott)

2022: Dimitar KOVACEVSKI elected Prime Minister; Assembly vote - NA
" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -823,16 +824,10 @@ "text": "$4.5 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "39.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "39.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: official data from Ministry of Finance; data cover central government debt; this data excludes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; includes treasury debt held by foreign entitites; excludes debt issued by sub-national entities; there are no debt instruments sold for social funds" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/mn.json b/europe/mn.json index 6dbd225e..949dd167 100644 --- a/europe/mn.json +++ b/europe/mn.json @@ -433,6 +433,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Day (Saint Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system influenced by French legal tradition" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1911 (suspended 1959); latest adopted 17 December 1962" @@ -441,9 +444,6 @@ "text": "proposed by joint agreement of the chief of state (the prince) and the National Council; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of National Council members; amended 2002" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by French legal tradition" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -556,12 +556,6 @@ "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015": { "text": "$7.672 billion (2015 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": { - "text": "$7.279 billion (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2013": { - "text": "$6.79 billion (2013 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data are in 2015 dollars" }, "Real GDP growth rate": { @@ -582,9 +576,6 @@ }, "Real GDP per capita 2014": { "text": "$109,200 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP per capita 2013": { - "text": "$101,900 (2013 est.)" } }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -616,11 +607,6 @@ "text": "52,000 (2014 est.)", "note": "note: includes all foreign workers" }, - "Unemployment rate": { - "Unemployment rate 2012": { - "text": "2% (2012)" - } - }, "Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)": { "total": { "text": "26.6% (2016 est.)" @@ -640,19 +626,10 @@ "text": "$953.6 million (2011 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2011 est.)" - }, - "Taxes and other revenues": { - "text": "14.9% (of GDP) (2011 est.)" - }, "Exports": { "Exports 2017": { "text": "$964.6 million (2017 est.)" }, - "Exports 2011": { - "text": "$1.115 billion (2011)" - }, "note": "note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France" }, "Exports - partners": { @@ -665,9 +642,6 @@ "Imports 2017": { "text": "$1.371 billion (2017 est.)" }, - "Imports 2011": { - "text": "$1.162 billion (2011 est.)" - }, "note": "note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France" }, "Imports - partners": { diff --git a/europe/mt.json b/europe/mt.json index b40b1ec8..831a76b2 100644 --- a/europe/mt.json +++ b/europe/mt.json @@ -494,6 +494,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 21 September (1964); Republic Day, 13 December (1974)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and civil law based on the Roman and Napoleonic civil codes; subject to European Union law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "many previous; latest adopted 21 September 1964" @@ -502,9 +505,6 @@ "text": "proposals (Acts of Parliament) require at least two-thirds majority vote by the House of Representatives; passage of Acts requires majority vote by referendum, followed by final majority vote by the House and assent of the president of the republic; amended many times, last in 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law and civil law based on the Roman and Napoleonic civil codes; subject to European Union law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ "text": "president indirectly elected by the House of Representatives for a single 5-year term; election last held on 27 March 2024 (next to be held by March 2029); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president for a 5-year term; deputy prime minister appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister" }, "election results": { - "text": "2024:  Myriam SPITERI DEBONO (PL) elected president; House of Representatives vote - unanimous

2019: George VELLA (PL) elected president; House of Representatives vote - unanimous" + "text": "
2024:  Myriam SPITERI DEBONO (PL) elected president; House of Representatives vote - unanimous

2019: George VELLA (PL) elected president; House of Representatives vote - unanimous" } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -805,16 +805,10 @@ "text": "$5.586 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "3.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "50.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "56.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: Malta reports public debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of the year, according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty for general government gross debt; the data include the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); general government comprises the central, state, and local governments, and social security funds" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/nl.json b/europe/nl.json index b6df1417..a39517a0 100644 --- a/europe/nl.json +++ b/europe/nl.json @@ -135,11 +135,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Dutch (official); note - Frisian is an official language in Fryslan province; Frisian, Low Saxon, Limburgish, Romani, and Yiddish have protected status under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages; Dutch is the official language of the three special municipalities of the Caribbean Netherlands; English is a recognized regional language on Sint Eustatius and Saba; Papiamento is a recognized regional language on Bonaire" + "text": "Dutch (official), Frisian (official in Fryslan province)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { - "text": "
Het Wereld Feitenboek, een onmisbare bron van informatie. (Dutch)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + "text": "Het Wereld Feitenboek, een onmisbare bron van informatie. (Dutch)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." + }, + "note": "note: Frisian, Low Saxon, Limburgish, Romani, and Yiddish have protected status; Dutch is the official language of the three special municipalities of the Caribbean Netherlands; English is a recognized regional language on Sint Eustatius and Saba; Papiamento is a recognized regional language on Bonaire" }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.8% (includes Dutch Reformed, Protestant Church of The Netherlands, Calvinist), Muslim 5%, other 5.9% (includes Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish), none 54.1% (2019 est.)" @@ -527,6 +528,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "King's Day (birthday of King WILLEM-ALEXANDER), 27 April (1967); note - King's or Queen's Day is observed on the ruling monarch's birthday; currently celebrated on 26 April if 27 April is a Sunday" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the French system; constitution does not permit judicial review of acts of the States General" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "many previous to adoption of the \"Basic Law of the Kingdom of the Netherlands\" on 24 August 1815; revised 8 times, the latest in 1983" @@ -535,9 +539,6 @@ "text": "proposed as an Act of Parliament by or on behalf of the king or by the Second Chamber of the States General; the Second Chamber is dissolved after its first reading of the Act; passage requires a second reading by both the First Chamber and the newly elected Second Chamber, followed by at least two-thirds majority vote of both chambers, and ratification by the king; amended many times, last in 2023" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the French system; constitution does not permit judicial review of acts of the States General" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -853,16 +854,10 @@ "text": "$374.166 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "56.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "61.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/no.json b/europe/no.json index 90f2dd7b..45d2b8f0 100644 --- a/europe/no.json +++ b/europe/no.json @@ -131,11 +131,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities; note - Sami has three dialects: Lule, North Sami, and South Sami; Sami is an official language in nine municipalities in Norway's three northernmost counties: Finnmark, Nordland, and Troms" + "text": "Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Verdens Faktabok, den essensielle kilden for grunnleggende informasjon. (Norwegian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: Sami has three dialects (Lule, North Sami, and South Sami) and is an official language in nine municipalities in the northernmost counties of Finnmark, Nordland, and Troms" }, "Religions": { "text": "Church of Norway (Evangelical Lutheran - official) 67.5%, Muslim 3.1%, Roman Catholic 3.1%, other Christian 3.8%, other 2.6%, unspecified 19.9% (2021 est.)" @@ -519,6 +520,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Constitution Day, 17 May (1814)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil, common, and customary law; Supreme Court can advise on legislative acts" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "drafted spring 1814, adopted 16 May 1814, signed by Constituent Assembly 17 May 1814" @@ -527,9 +531,6 @@ "text": "proposals submitted by members of Parliament or by the government within the first three years of Parliament's four-year term; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of a two-thirds quorum in the next elected Parliament; amended over 400 times, last in 2023" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil, common, and customary law; Supreme Court can advise on legislative acts" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -841,16 +842,10 @@ "text": "$210.522 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "4.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "36.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "36.4% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/pl.json b/europe/pl.json index 057b88b2..9ce9a9cb 100644 --- a/europe/pl.json +++ b/europe/pl.json @@ -137,14 +137,15 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.2%; note - data represent the language spoken at home; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; Poland ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2009 recognizing Kashub as a regional language, Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian as national minority languages, and Karaim, Lemko, Romani (Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma), and Tatar as ethnic minority languages (2011 est.)" + "text": "Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.2% (2011 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Księga Faktów Świata, niezbędne źródło podstawowych informacji. (Polish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note 1: shares of languages sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; data represent language spoken at home

note 2: Poland also recognizes Kashub as a regional language; Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian as national minority languages; and Karaim, Lemko, Romani (Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma), and Tatar as ethnic minority languages" }, "Religions": { - "text": "Catholic 84.6% (Roman Catholic 84.6% and other Catholic 0.3%), Orthodox 1.3% (almost all are Polish Autocephalous Orthodox), Protestant 0.4% (mainly Augsburg Evangelical and Pentecostal), other 0.3% (includes Jehovah's Witness, Buddhist, Hare Krishna, Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Muslim, Jewish, Church of Jesus Christ), unspecified 13% (2022 est.)" + "text": "Catholic 84.6% (Roman Catholic 84.6% and other Catholic 0.3%), Orthodox 1.3% (almost all are Polish Autocephalous Orthodox), Protestant 0.4% (mainly Augsburg Evangelical and Pentecostal), other 0.3%, unspecified 13% (2022 est.)" }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { @@ -537,6 +538,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Constitution Day, 3 May (1791)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative, administrative, and other governmental acts; constitutional law rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal are final" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1997, approved by referendum 25 May 1997, effective 17 October 1997" @@ -545,9 +549,6 @@ "text": "proposed by at least one fifth of Sejm deputies, by the Senate, or by the president of the republic; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in the Sejm and absolute majority vote in the Senate; amendments to articles relating to sovereignty, personal freedoms, and constitutional amendment procedures also require passage by majority vote in a referendum; amended 2006, 2009" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative, administrative, and other governmental acts; constitutional law rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal are final" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -867,16 +868,10 @@ "text": "$248.868 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "50.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "54.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/po.json b/europe/po.json index 01cb99cf..03359ab2 100644 --- a/europe/po.json +++ b/europe/po.json @@ -512,6 +512,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis DE CAMOES (1524-80) died" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1976, effective 25 April 1976" @@ -520,9 +523,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the Assembly of the Republic; adoption requires two-thirds majority vote of Assembly members; amended several times, last in 2005" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -844,16 +844,10 @@ "text": "$101.854 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "125.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "129.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/ri.json b/europe/ri.json index 42b17c62..8d7231cf 100644 --- a/europe/ri.json +++ b/europe/ri.json @@ -127,11 +127,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Serbian (official) 88.1%, Hungarian 3.4%, Bosnian 1.9%, Romani 1.4%, other 3.4%, undeclared or unknown 1.8%; note - Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian, and Ruthenian (Rusyn) are official in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina; most ethnic Albanians boycotted the 2011 census (2011 est.)" + "text": "Serbian (official) 88.1%, Hungarian 3.4%, Bosnian 1.9%, Romani 1.4%, other 3.4%, undeclared or unknown 1.8% (2011 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian, and Ruthenian (Rusyn) are official in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina; most ethnic Albanians boycotted the 2011 census" }, "Religions": { "text": "Orthodox 84.6%, Catholic 5%, Muslim 3.1%, Protestant 1%, atheist 1.1%, other 0.8% (includes agnostics, other Christians, Eastern, Jewish), undeclared or unknown 4.5% (2011 est.)", @@ -539,6 +540,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Statehood Day, 15 February (1835), the day the first constitution of the country was adopted" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "many previous; latest adopted 30 September 2006, approved by referendum 28-29 October 2006, effective 8 November 2006" @@ -547,9 +551,6 @@ "text": "proposed by at least one third of deputies in the National Assembly, by the president of the republic, by the government, or by petition of at least 150,000 voters; passage of proposals and draft amendments each requires at least two-thirds majority vote in the Assembly; amendments to constitutional articles including the preamble, constitutional principles, and human and minority rights and freedoms also require passage by simple majority vote in a referendum" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -867,15 +868,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data include both central government and local goverment budgets" }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "62.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "73.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/ro.json b/europe/ro.json index ff5464c8..27c162cf 100644 --- a/europe/ro.json +++ b/europe/ro.json @@ -138,11 +138,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Romanian (official) 91.6%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romani 1.2%, other 0.7% (2021 est.)

note: data represent individuals who declared a maternal language in the 2021 national census; 13.1% did not respond" + "text": "Romanian (official) 91.6%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romani 1.2%, other 0.7% (2021 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Cartea informativa a lumii, sursa indispensabila pentru informatii de baza. (Romanian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: data represent individuals who declared a maternal language in the 2021 national census; 13.1% did not respond" }, "Religions": { "text": "Romanian Orthodox 85.3%, Roman Catholic 4.5%, Reformed 3%, Pentecostal 2.5%, other 4.7% (2021 est.)", @@ -529,6 +530,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Unification Day (unification of Romania and Transylvania), 1 December (1918)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 21 November 1991, approved by referendum and effective 8 December 1991" @@ -537,9 +541,6 @@ "text": "initiated by the president of Romania through a proposal by the government, by at least one fourth of deputies or senators in Parliament, or by petition of eligible voters representing at least half of Romania’s counties; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by both chambers or – if mediation is required - by three-fourths majority vote in a joint session, followed by approval in a referendum; articles, including those on national sovereignty, form of government, political pluralism, and fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended; amended 2003" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -855,19 +856,10 @@ "text": "$83.59 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "50.45% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "55.91% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "57.3% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/si.json b/europe/si.json index 76c316df..363cee01 100644 --- a/europe/si.json +++ b/europe/si.json @@ -509,6 +509,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1974 (preindependence); latest passed by Parliament 23 December 1991" @@ -517,9 +520,6 @@ "text": "proposed by at least 20 National Assembly members, by the government, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required if agreed upon by at least 30 Assembly members; passage in a referendum requires participation of a majority of eligible voters and a simple majority of votes cast; amended several times, last in 2016" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -834,16 +834,10 @@ "text": "$23.456 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "73.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "78.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/sm.json b/europe/sm.json index 607e912f..aff5131a 100644 --- a/europe/sm.json +++ b/europe/sm.json @@ -427,6 +427,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Founding of the Republic (or Feast of Saint Marinus), 3 September (A.D. 301)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system with Italian civil law influences" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "San Marino’s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs (antiche consuetudini), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes (antichi statute) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull’Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell’Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974" @@ -435,9 +438,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum; Declaration of Civil Rights amended several times, last in 2019" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system with Italian civil law influences" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -656,9 +656,6 @@ "text": "11.57% (2021 est.)", "note": "note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency" }, - "Labor force": { - "text": "21,960 (September 2013 est.)" - }, "Unemployment rate": { "Unemployment rate 2017": { "text": "8.1% (2017 est.)" @@ -698,19 +695,10 @@ "text": "$363 million (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.9% (of GDP) (2011 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2021": { "text": "95.12% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "98.35% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "55.09% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/sp.json b/europe/sp.json index b8dacac5..2933a504 100644 --- a/europe/sp.json +++ b/europe/sp.json @@ -134,11 +134,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Castilian Spanish (official nationwide) 74%, Catalan (official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community) 17%, Galician (official in Galicia) 7%, Basque (official in the Basque Country and Navarre) 2%, Aranese (official in part of Catalonia) <5,000 speakers; note - Aragonese, Aranese Asturian, Basque, Calo, Catalan, Galician, and Valencian are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages" + "text": "Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan (official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community) 17%, Galician (official in Galicia) 7%, Basque (official in the Basque Country and Navarre) 2%, Aranese (official in part of Catalonia) <5,000 speakers" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: Aragonese, Aranese Asturian, Calo, and Valencian are also recognized as regional languages " }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 58.2%, atheist 16.2%, agnostic 10.8%, other 2.7%, non-believer 10.5%, unspecified 1.7% (2021 est.)" @@ -525,6 +526,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Day (Hispanic Day), 12 October (1492); note - commemorates the arrival of COLUMBUS in the Americas" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system with regional variations" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved by the General Courts 31 October 1978, passed by referendum 6 December 1978, signed by the king 27 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978" @@ -533,9 +537,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the government, by the General Courts (the Congress or the Senate), or by the self-governing communities submitted through the government; passage requires three-fifths majority vote by both houses and passage by referendum if requested by one tenth of the members of either house; proposals disapproved by both houses are submitted to a joint committee, which submits an agreed upon text for another vote; passage requires two-thirds majority vote in Congress and simple majority vote in the Senate; amended 1992, 2011" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system with regional variations" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -855,19 +856,10 @@ "text": "$585.979 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "111.43% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "134.02% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "140.18% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/sv.json b/europe/sv.json index 18a948c6..9b8b08e9 100644 --- a/europe/sv.json +++ b/europe/sv.json @@ -218,9 +218,6 @@ "Economic overview": { "text": "high-income Norwegian island economy; major coal mining, tourism, and research sectors; recently established northernmost brewery; key whaling and fishing base; home to the Global Seed Vault" }, - "Labor force": { - "text": "1,590 (2013)" - }, "Budget": { "revenues": { "text": "NA" @@ -229,27 +226,24 @@ "text": "NA" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "NA" - }, "Exchange rates": { "Currency": { "text": "Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar -" }, - "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "8.308 (2017 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "10.563 (2023 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "8.0646 (2016 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "9.614 (2022 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "8.0646 (2015)" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "8.59 (2021 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "8.0646 (2014 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "9.416 (2020 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "6.3021 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "8.8 (2019 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/europe/sw.json b/europe/sw.json index 3268b38e..d9daa0d5 100644 --- a/europe/sw.json +++ b/europe/sw.json @@ -523,6 +523,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Day, 6 June (1983); note - from 1916 to 1982 this date was celebrated as Swedish Flag Day" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "Sweden has four fundamental laws which together make up the Constitution: The Instrument of Government (several previous; latest 1974); The Act of Succession (enacted 1810; changed in 1937 and 1980); The Freedom of the Press Act (many previous; latest in 1949); The Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression (adopted 1991)" @@ -531,9 +534,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires simple majority vote in two consecutive parliamentary terms with an intervening general election; passage also requires approval by simple majority vote in a referendum if Parliament approves a motion for a referendum by one third of its members; the results of such a referendum are only binding if a majority vote against the proposal; there has not been a referendum on constitutional matters; The Instrument of Government - amended several times, last in 2018; The Act of Succession - changed in 1937, 1980; The Freedom of the Press Act - amended several times, last in 2019; The Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression - amended several times, last in 2023" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -845,19 +845,10 @@ "text": "$256.454 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "36.25% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "40.49% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "44.02% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/sz.json b/europe/sz.json index b66d074a..a70b68e9 100644 --- a/europe/sz.json +++ b/europe/sz.json @@ -132,11 +132,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "German (or Swiss German) (official) 62.1%, French (official) 22.8%, Italian (official) 8%, English 5.7%, Portuguese 3.5%, Albanian 3.3%, Serbo-Croatian 2.3%, Spanish 2.3%, Romansh (official) 0.5%, other 7.9%; note - German, French, Italian, and Romansh are all national and official languages; shares sum to more than 100% because respondents could indicate more than one main language (2019 est.)" + "text": "German (or Swiss German) (official) 62.1%, French (official) 22.8%, Italian (official) 8%, English 5.7%, Portuguese 3.5%, Albanian 3.3%, Serbo-Croatian 2.3%, Spanish 2.3%, Romansh (official) 0.5%, other 7.9% (2019 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)

The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)

L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: shares sum to more than 100% because respondents could indicate more than one main language" }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 34.4%, Protestant 22.5%, other Christian 5.7%, Muslim 5.4%, other 1.5%, none 29.4%, unspecified 1.1% (2020 est.)" @@ -517,6 +518,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Founding of the Swiss Confederation in 1291; note - since 1 August 1891 celebrated as Swiss National Day" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts, except for federal decrees of a general obligatory character" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1848, 1874; latest adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, effective 1 January 2000" @@ -525,9 +529,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the two houses of the Federal Assembly or by petition of at least one hundred thousand voters (called the \"federal popular initiative\"); passage of proposals requires majority vote in a referendum; following drafting of an amendment by the Assembly, its passage requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and approval by the majority of cantons; amended many times, last in 2018" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts, except for federal decrees of a general obligatory character" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -848,19 +849,10 @@ }, "note": "note: includes federal, cantonal, and municipal budgets" }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "17.8% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "19.99% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "20.85% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/uk.json b/europe/uk.json index 00d0fea7..5376da42 100644 --- a/europe/uk.json +++ b/europe/uk.json @@ -516,6 +516,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "the UK does not celebrate one particular national holiday" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law system; has nonbinding judicial review of Acts of Parliament under the Human Rights Act of 1998" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "uncoded; partly statutes, partly common law and practice" @@ -524,9 +527,6 @@ "text": "proposed as a bill for an Act of Parliament by the government, by the House of Commons, or by the House of Lords; passage requires agreement by both houses and by the monarch (Royal Assent); many previous, last in 2020 -  The European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020, European Union (Future Relationship) Act 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law system; has nonbinding judicial review of Acts of Parliament under the Human Rights Act of 1998" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -842,19 +842,10 @@ "text": "$1.362 trillion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "142.28% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "186.85% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "196.61% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/up.json b/europe/up.json index abcbad00..86603a2d 100644 --- a/europe/up.json +++ b/europe/up.json @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Ukrainian (official) 67.5%, Russian (regional language) 29.6%, other (includes small Crimean Tatar-, Moldovan/Romanian-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) 2.9% (2001 est.); note - in February 2018, the Constitutional Court ruled that 2012 language legislation entitling a language spoken by at least 10% of an oblast's population to be given the status of \"regional language\" - allowing for its use in courts, schools, and other government institutions - was unconstitutional, thus making the law invalid; Ukrainian remains the country's only official nationwide language" + "text": "Ukrainian (official) 67.5%, Russian (regional language) 29.6%, other (includes Crimean Tatar, Moldovan/Romanian, and Hungarian) 2.9% (2001 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Свiтова Книга Фактiв – найкраще джерело базової інформації. (Ukrainian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -526,6 +526,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 24 August (1991); note - 22 January 1918, the day Ukraine first declared its independence from Soviet Russia, and the date the short-lived Western and Greater (Eastern) Ukrainian republics united (1919), is now celebrated as Unity Day" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted and ratified 28 June 1996" @@ -534,9 +537,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of Ukraine or by at least one third of the Supreme Council members; adoption requires simple majority vote by the Council and at least two-thirds majority vote in its next regular session; adoption of proposals relating to general constitutional principles, elections, and amendment procedures requires two-thirds majority vote by the Council and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on personal rights and freedoms, national independence, and territorial integrity cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2019" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -855,19 +855,10 @@ "text": "$35.75 billion (2021 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.5% (of GDP) (2021 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2020": { "text": "58.72% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "48.33% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2018": { - "text": "56.91% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/europe/vt.json b/europe/vt.json index db5ea34b..287bc3c9 100644 --- a/europe/vt.json +++ b/europe/vt.json @@ -209,6 +209,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Election Day of Pope FRANCIS, 13 March (2013)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "religious legal system based on canon (religious) law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1929, 2000; latest issued by Pope FRANCIS 13 May 2023, effective 7 June 2023 (Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, the main governing document of the Vatican's civil entities); the Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus – the departments and ministries – used by the pontiff in governing the church; note - Pope Francis in October 2013, instituted a 9-member Council of Cardinal Advisers to reform the Roman Curia to include writing a new constitution; in June 2018, Pope Francis approved the Council of Cardinals' first draft of the new apostolic constitution, Predicate Evangelium (Preach the Gospel); it became effective 5 June 2022, replacing Pastor Bonus, the previous governing document of the Roman Curia" @@ -217,9 +220,6 @@ "text": "note - although the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State makes no mention of amendments, Article Four (drafting laws), states that this legislative responsibility resides with the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State; draft legislation is submitted through the Secretariat of State and considered by the pope" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "religious legal system based on canon (religious) law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -365,27 +365,24 @@ "text": "$348 million (2013)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "NA" - }, "Exchange rates": { "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, - "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "0.925 (2023 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "0.903 (2016 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "0.95 (2022 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "0.9214 (2015 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" }, "note": "note: while not an EU member state, the Holy See has a 2000 monetary agreement with Italy and the EU to produce limited euro coinage—but not banknotes—that began enforcement in January 2002" } diff --git a/middle-east/ae.json b/middle-east/ae.json index be715be7..28b1c5a0 100644 --- a/middle-east/ae.json +++ b/middle-east/ae.json @@ -495,6 +495,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day (National Day), 2 December (1971)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic (sharia) law and civil law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1971 (provisional); latest drafted in 1979, became permanent May 1996" @@ -503,9 +506,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the Supreme Council and submitted to the Federal National Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote of Federal National Council members present and approval of the Supreme Council president; amended 2009" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic (sharia) law and civil law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -777,9 +777,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "19.5% (2003 est.)" - }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018": { "text": "26 (2018 est.)" @@ -812,19 +809,10 @@ }, "note": "note: the UAE federal budget does not account for emirate-level spending in Abu Dhabi and Dubai" }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "19.7% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "20.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2013": { - "text": "1.85% of GDP (2013 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/middle-east/aj.json b/middle-east/aj.json index 4df7cfa7..c755ed68 100644 --- a/middle-east/aj.json +++ b/middle-east/aj.json @@ -510,6 +510,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Republic Day (founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan), 28 May (1918)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 12 November 1995" @@ -518,9 +521,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by at least 63 members of the National Assembly; passage requires at least 95 votes of Assembly members in two separate readings of the draft amendment six months apart and requires presidential approval after each of the two Assembly votes, followed by presidential signature; constitutional articles on the authority, sovereignty, and unity of the people cannot be amended; amended 2002, 2009, 2016" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -792,11 +792,6 @@ "Population below poverty line": { "text": "4.9% (2015 est.)" }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": { - "text": "33.7 (2008)" - } - }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { "text": "43.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" @@ -805,14 +800,6 @@ "text": "2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "3.4%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "27.4% (2008)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "3.87% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -833,19 +820,10 @@ "text": "$16.001 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2021": { "text": "16.82% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "22.19% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "54.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/middle-east/am.json b/middle-east/am.json index 012bfb53..8969ace7 100644 --- a/middle-east/am.json +++ b/middle-east/am.json @@ -511,6 +511,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 21 September (1991)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1915, 1978; latest adopted 5 July 1995" @@ -519,9 +522,6 @@ "text": "

proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires approval by the president, by the National Assembly, and by a referendum with at least 25% registered voter participation and more than 50% of votes; constitutional articles on the form of government and democratic procedures are not amendable; amended 2005, 2015, last in 2020; the Constitutional Reform Council formed in 2019 was dissolved in December 2021, and replaced by a new Constitutional Reform Council, whose members were officially appointed in late January 2022; the new council is expected to address the form of government, i.e. presidential or semi-presidential or parliamentary,  and whether to merge the Court of Cassation with the Constitutional Court

" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -826,19 +826,10 @@ "text": "$3.392 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "46.55% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "60.08% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "63.4% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/middle-east/ba.json b/middle-east/ba.json index c2413d82..b547698a 100644 --- a/middle-east/ba.json +++ b/middle-east/ba.json @@ -499,6 +499,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Day, 16 December (1971); note - 15 August 1971 was the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 was the date of independence from British protection" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic (sharia) law, English common law, Egyptian civil, criminal, and commercial codes; customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "adopted 14 February 2002" @@ -507,9 +510,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the king or by at least 15 members of either chamber of the National Assembly followed by submission to an Assembly committee for review and, if approved, submitted to the government for restatement as drafts; passage requires a two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both chambers and validation by the king; constitutional articles on the state religion (Islam), state language (Arabic), and the monarchy and \"inherited rule\" cannot be amended; amended 2012, 2017" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic (sharia) law, English common law, Egyptian civil, criminal, and commercial codes; customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -803,18 +803,9 @@ "text": "$12.63 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-10.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2020": { "text": "115.52% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "95.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2018": { - "text": "88.24% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/middle-east/gg.json b/middle-east/gg.json index 5ed02028..cde90a88 100644 --- a/middle-east/gg.json +++ b/middle-east/gg.json @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Georgian (official) 87.6%, Azeri 6.2%, Armenian 3.9%, Russian 1.2%, other 1%; note - Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia (2014 est.)" + "text": "Georgian (official) 87.6%, Azeri 6.2%, Armenian 3.9%, Russian 1.2%, other 1% (including Abkhaz, the official language in Abkhazia) (2014 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
მსოფლიო ფაქტების წიგნი, ძირითადი ინფორმაციის აუცილებელი წყარო. (Georgian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -511,6 +511,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 26 May (1918); note - 26 May 1918 was the date of independence from Soviet Russia, 9 April 1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1921, 1978 (based on 1977 Soviet Union constitution); latest approved 24 August 1995, effective 17 October 1995" @@ -519,9 +522,6 @@ "text": "proposed as a draft law supported by more than one half of the Parliament membership or by petition of at least 200,000 voters; passage requires support by at least three fourths of the Parliament membership in two successive sessions three months apart and the signature and promulgation by the president of Georgia; amended several times, last in 2020 (legislative electoral system revised)" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -837,19 +837,10 @@ "text": "$5.059 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "42.97% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "54.73% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "65.19% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/middle-east/ir.json b/middle-east/ir.json index 57e4acbe..5c72d97f 100644 --- a/middle-east/ir.json +++ b/middle-east/ir.json @@ -545,6 +545,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Republic Day, 1 April (1979)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "religious legal system based on secular and Islamic law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1906; latest adopted 24 October 1979, effective 3 December 1979" @@ -553,9 +556,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the supreme leader – after consultation with the Exigency Council – and submitted as an edict to the \"Council for Revision of the Constitution,\" a body consisting of various executive, legislative, judicial, and academic leaders and members; passage requires absolute majority vote in a referendum and approval of the supreme leader; articles including Iran’s political system, its religious basis, and its form of government cannot be amended; amended 1989" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "religious legal system based on secular and Islamic law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -623,9 +623,7 @@ "text": "BRICS, CICA, CP, D-8, ECO, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, SAARC (observer), SCO (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { - "chief of mission": { - "text": "none; Iran has an Interests Section in the Pakistani Embassy; address: Iranian Interests Section, Embassy of Pakistan, 1250 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037; telephone: [1] (202) 965-4990; FAX [1] (202) 965-1073; email:  requests@daftar.org; info@daftarwashington.com; website:  https://daftar.org/" - } + "text": "none 

Note:  Iran has an Interests Section in the Pakistani Embassy; address: Iranian Interests Section, Embassy of Pakistan, 1250 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037; telephone: [1] (202) 965-4990; FAX [1] (202) 965-1073; email:  requests@daftar.org; info@daftarwashington.com; website:  https://daftar.org/" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "embassy": { @@ -782,9 +780,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "18.7% (2007 est.)" - }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022": { "text": "34.8 (2022 est.)" @@ -827,16 +822,10 @@ "text": "$90.238 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "39.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "47.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: includes publicly guaranteed debt" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/middle-east/is.json b/middle-east/is.json index 4f44da84..5992f1ae 100644 --- a/middle-east/is.json +++ b/middle-east/is.json @@ -515,6 +515,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 14 May (1948); note - Israel declared independence on 14 May 1948, but the Jewish calendar is lunar and the holiday may occur in April or May" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religious laws" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "no formal constitution; some functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws, and the Law of Return (as amended)" @@ -523,9 +526,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Government of Israel ministers or by the Knesset; passage requires a majority vote of Knesset members and subject to Supreme Court judicial review; 11 of the 13 Basic Laws have been amended at least once, latest in 2020 (Basic Law: the Knesset)" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religious laws" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2002" }, @@ -846,18 +846,9 @@ "text": "$154.927 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2020": { "text": "72.6% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "59.6% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2018": { - "text": "60.4% of GDP (2018 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/middle-east/iz.json b/middle-east/iz.json index e3b713ac..3917e356 100644 --- a/middle-east/iz.json +++ b/middle-east/iz.json @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official), Kurdish (official); Turkmen (a Turkish dialect) and Syriac (Neo-Aramaic) are recognized as official languages where native speakers of these languages are present; Iraqis have the right to be educated in their native language" + "text": "Arabic (official), Kurdish (official); Turkmen (a Turkish dialect) and Syriac (Neo-Aramaic) are recognized as official languages where native speakers of these languages are present" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
كتاب حقائق العالم، أحسن مصدر للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

ڕاستییەکانی جیهان، باشترین سەرچاوەیە بۆ زانیارییە بنەڕەتییەکان (Kurdish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

" @@ -530,6 +530,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 3 October (1932); Republic Day, 14 July (1958)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil and Islamic law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted by referendum 15 October 2005" @@ -538,9 +541,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic and the Council of Minsters collectively, or by one fifth of the Council of Representatives members; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Council of Representatives, approval by referendum, and ratification by the president; passage of amendments to articles on citizen rights and liberties requires two-thirds majority vote of Council of Representatives members after two successive electoral terms, approval in a referendum, and ratification by the president" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil and Islamic law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -809,11 +809,6 @@ "Population below poverty line": { "text": "23% (2014 est.)" }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2012": { - "text": "29.5 (2012 est.)" - } - }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { "text": "29.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" @@ -822,14 +817,6 @@ "text": "4.2% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "3.6%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "25.7% (2007 est.)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "0.35% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -850,19 +837,10 @@ "text": "$85.546 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2018": { "text": "27.44% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "35.86% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "29.48% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/middle-east/jo.json b/middle-east/jo.json index 8b898dd7..285fd53a 100644 --- a/middle-east/jo.json +++ b/middle-east/jo.json @@ -531,6 +531,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 25 May (1946)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed system developed from codes instituted by the Ottoman Empire (based on French law), British common law, and Islamic law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1928 (preindependence); latest initially adopted 28 November 1947, revised and ratified 1 January 1952" @@ -539,9 +542,6 @@ "text": "constitutional amendments require at least a two-thirds majority vote of both the Senate and the House and ratification by the king; amended several times, last in 2022" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed system developed from codes instituted by the Ottoman Empire (based on French law), British common law, and Islamic law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -808,11 +808,6 @@ "text": "15.7% (2018 est.)", "note": "note: % of population with income below national poverty line" }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2010": { - "text": "33.7 (2010 est.)" - } - }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { "text": "26.4% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" @@ -821,14 +816,6 @@ "text": "4.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "3.4%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "28.7% (2010 est.)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "9.72% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -849,19 +836,10 @@ "text": "$13.489 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "101.14% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "75.97% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "79.35% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/middle-east/ku.json b/middle-east/ku.json index 61f92751..08ac398a 100644 --- a/middle-east/ku.json +++ b/middle-east/ku.json @@ -496,6 +496,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Day, 25 February (1950)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system consisting of English common law, French civil law, and Islamic sharia law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "approved and promulgated 11 November 1962; suspended 1976 to 1981 (4 articles); 1986 to 1991; May to July 1999" @@ -505,9 +508,6 @@ }, "note": "Note: on 10 May 2024, Amir Sheikh MISHAL al-Ahmad al-Sabah dissolved the National Assembly and suspended several articles of the constitution for up to four years" }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system consisting of English common law, French civil law, and Islamic sharia law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -793,15 +793,9 @@ "text": "$72.03 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-10% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "20.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "9.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1143,7 +1137,7 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Kuwait does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; officials assisted more vulnerable migrant workers at the government shelter, launched an online platform for domestic workers to file grievances, and continued to hold fraudulent recruitment agencies accountable; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared to the previous year, to expand its anti-trafficking capacity; there were fewer investigations of alleged trafficking crimes and no prosecutions or convictions of traffickers; fewer victims were identified, and some officials continued to use arbitration and administrative penalties instead of investigating cases as potential human trafficking crimes; Kuwait did not implement procedures to identify and prevent trafficking, nor regularly use standard operating procedures to identify and refer victims to services; officials continued to detain, prosecute, and deport potential trafficking victims, including those fleeing forced labor or in commercial sex, without screening for trafficking indicators; the government did not take any new steps to reform its visa sponsorship system, leaving migrant workers highly vulnerable to exploitation and trafficking; therefore, Kuwait remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year (2023)" + "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Kuwait does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking, but the government has devoted sufficient resources to a written plan that, if implemented, would constitute significant efforts to meet the minimum standards; therefore, Kuwait was granted a waiver per the Trafficking Victims Protection Act from an otherwise required downgrade to Tier 3 and remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/kuwait/" } } } diff --git a/middle-east/le.json b/middle-east/le.json index 796a4fa5..85f693c6 100644 --- a/middle-east/le.json +++ b/middle-east/le.json @@ -510,6 +510,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 22 November (1943)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil law based on the French civil code, Ottoman legal tradition, and religious laws covering personal status, marriage, divorce, and other family relations of the Jewish, Islamic, and Christian communities" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "drafted 15 May 1926, adopted 23 May 1926" @@ -518,9 +521,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic and introduced as a government bill to the National Assembly or proposed by at least 10 members of the Assembly and agreed upon by two thirds of its members; if proposed by the National Assembly, review and approval by two-thirds majority of the Cabinet is required; if approved, the proposal is next submitted to the Cabinet for drafting as an amendment; Cabinet approval requires at least two-thirds majority, followed by submission to the National Assembly for discussion and vote; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of a required two-thirds quorum of the Assembly membership and promulgation by the president; amended several times, last in 2004" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law based on the French civil code, Ottoman legal tradition, and religious laws covering personal status, marriage, divorce, and other family relations of the Jewish, Islamic, and Christian communities" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -789,14 +789,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "27.4% (2011 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2011": { - "text": "31.8 (2011 est.)" - } - }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { "text": "21% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" @@ -825,16 +817,10 @@ "text": "$16.574 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "146.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "145.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data cover central government debt and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1187,7 +1173,7 @@ }, "Trafficking in persons": { "tier rating": { - "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — Lebanon does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; officials modestly increased investigations and continued to allow an NGO to screen migrants in the government detention center for trafficking; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts, compared with the previous reporting period, to expand its anti-trafficking capacity; a caretaker government, judicial sector strike, and widespread civil service work stoppages limited Lebanon’s ability to establish effective anti-trafficking policies and impacted anti-trafficking efforts; efforts to identify and protect trafficking victims remained woefully inadequate; officials relied on NGOs and civil society to provide shelter and services to victims and did not report providing financial or in-kind support to those organizations; the parliament did not approve a labor law amendment, pending since 2009, to extend legal protections to foreign workers, nor did it approve a draft standardized contract for migrant workers; the lack of formal victim identification and referral procedures placed victims at risk of arrest, detention, or deportation for committing unlawful acts while being trafficked; the government did not reform its visa sponsorship system despite extreme trafficking vulnerabilities inherent in the system; officials rarely convicted traffickers for exploiting domestic servants, the prevalent form of trafficking in Lebanon; therefore, Lebanon was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List (2023)" + "text": "Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared to the previous reporting period, therefore Lebanon remained on Tier 2 Watch List for a second consecutive year; for more details, go to:  https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-trafficking-in-persons-report/lebanon/" } }, "Illicit drugs": { diff --git a/middle-east/mu.json b/middle-east/mu.json index 8ea1a5a9..5511c74d 100644 --- a/middle-east/mu.json +++ b/middle-east/mu.json @@ -499,6 +499,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Day, 18 November; note - celebrates Oman's independence from Portugal in 1650 and the birthday of Sultan QABOOS bin Said al Said, who reigned from 1970 to 2020" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of Anglo-Saxon law and Islamic law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "promulgated by royal decree 6 November 1996 (the Basic Law of the Sultanate of Oman serves as the constitution); amended by royal decree in 2011" @@ -507,9 +510,6 @@ "text": "promulgated by the sultan or proposed by the Council of Oman and drafted by a technical committee as stipulated by royal decree and then promulgated through royal decree; amended by royal decree 2011, 2021" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Anglo-Saxon law and Islamic law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -796,16 +796,10 @@ "text": "$35.984 billion (2018 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-13.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "46.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "32.5% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: excludes indebtedness of state-owned enterprises" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/middle-east/qa.json b/middle-east/qa.json index 7fba0973..3b7210f7 100644 --- a/middle-east/qa.json +++ b/middle-east/qa.json @@ -502,6 +502,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Day, 18 December (1878), anniversary of Al Thani family accession to the throne; Independence Day, 3 September (1971)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil law and Islamic (sharia) law (in family and personal matters)" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1972 (provisional); latest drafted 2 July 2002, approved by referendum 29 April 2003, endorsed 8 June 2004, effective 9 June 2005" @@ -510,9 +513,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the Amir or by one third of Advisory Council members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Advisory Council members and approval and promulgation by the emir; articles pertaining to the rule of state and its inheritance, functions of the emir, and citizen rights and liberties cannot be amended" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil law and Islamic (sharia) law (in family and personal matters)" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -778,11 +778,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2007": { - "text": "41.1 (2007 est.)" - } - }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { "text": "12.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" @@ -791,14 +786,6 @@ "text": "0.3% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "1.3%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "35.9% (2007)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2022": { "text": "0.44% of GDP (2022 est.)" @@ -819,15 +806,9 @@ "text": "$57.258 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "53.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "46.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/middle-east/sa.json b/middle-east/sa.json index 749281bf..978d569e 100644 --- a/middle-east/sa.json +++ b/middle-east/sa.json @@ -508,6 +508,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Saudi National Day (Unification of the Kingdom), 23 September (1932)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "Islamic (sharia) legal system with some elements of Egyptian, French, and customary law; note - several secular codes have been introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "1 March 1992 - Basic Law of Government, issued by royal decree, serves as the constitutional framework and is based on the Qur'an and the life and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad" @@ -516,9 +519,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the king directly or proposed to the king by the Consultative Assembly or by the Council of Ministers; passage by the king through royal decree; Basic Law amended many times, last in 2017" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "Islamic (sharia) legal system with some elements of Egyptian, French, and customary law; note - several secular codes have been introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -786,11 +786,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2013": { - "text": "45.9 (2013 est.)" - } - }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { "text": "20.5% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" @@ -819,15 +814,9 @@ "text": "$282.4 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-8.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "17.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "13.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/middle-east/sy.json b/middle-east/sy.json index cec85ff5..34dbb5dd 100644 --- a/middle-east/sy.json +++ b/middle-east/sy.json @@ -499,6 +499,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day (Evacuation Day), 17 April (1946); note - celebrates the leaving of the last French troops and the proclamation of full independence" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of civil and Islamic (sharia) law (for family courts)" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "

several previous; latest issued 15 February 2012, passed by referendum and effective 27 February 2012; note – UN-sponsored talks, which began in late 2019 between delegates from government and opposition forces to draft a new constitution; in June 2022, the 8th round of the Syrian Constitutional Committee ended in Geneva with no results, and the 9th round, scheduled for July 2022, was cancelled due to lack of Russian and regime participation

" @@ -507,9 +510,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic or by one third of the People’s Assembly members; following review by a special Assembly committee, passage requires at least three-quarters majority vote by the Assembly and approval by the president" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of civil and Islamic (sharia) law (for family courts)" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICC" }, @@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ "text": "last held on 15 July 2024 (next to be held in July 2028)" }, "election results": { - "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - NA" + "text": "percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Ba'ath Party 169, SSNP 3, other 13, independent 65; composition - NA" } }, "Judicial branch": { @@ -576,9 +576,7 @@ "text": "ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WBG, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { - "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); note – operations at the embassy were suspended on 18 March 2014" - } + "text": "none

Note:  operations at the embassy were suspended on 18 March 2014" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { @@ -775,15 +773,9 @@ }, "note": "note: government projections for FY2016" }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-8.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "94.8% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "91.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/middle-east/tu.json b/middle-east/tu.json index e59a09c6..4b88d437 100644 --- a/middle-east/tu.json +++ b/middle-east/tu.json @@ -535,6 +535,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Republic Day, 29 October (1923)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on various European legal systems, notably the Swiss civil code" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest ratified 9 November 1982" @@ -543,9 +546,6 @@ "text": "proposed by written consent of at least one third of Grand National Assembly (GNA) of Turkey (TBMM) members; adoption of draft amendments requires two debates in plenary TBMM session and three-fifths majority vote of all GNA members; the president of the republic can request TBMM reconsideration of the amendment and, if readopted by two-thirds majority TBMM vote, the president may submit the amendment to a referendum; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote; amended several times, last in 2017" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on various European legal systems, notably the Swiss civil code" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -867,19 +867,10 @@ "text": "$249.268 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "35.25% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "42.58% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "41.8% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/middle-east/we.json b/middle-east/we.json index dd2b8f75..3c752152 100644 --- a/middle-east/we.json +++ b/middle-east/we.json @@ -619,15 +619,9 @@ }, "note": "note: includes Palestinian Authority expenditures in the Gaza Strip" }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "0.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2014": { "text": "24.4% of GDP (2014 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2013": { - "text": "23.8% of GDP (2013 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/middle-east/ym.json b/middle-east/ym.json index 0a3fcce7..e8c86df6 100644 --- a/middle-east/ym.json +++ b/middle-east/ym.json @@ -132,11 +132,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Arabic (official); note - a distinct Socotri language is widely used on Socotra Island and Archipelago; Mahri is still fairly widely spoken in eastern Yemen" + "text": "Arabic (official)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: a distinct Socotri language is widely used on Socotra Island and Archipelago; Mahri is still fairly widely spoken in eastern Yemen" }, "Religions": { "text": "Muslim 99.1% (official; virtually all are citizens, an estimated 65% are Sunni and 35% are Shia), other 0.9% (includes Jewish, Baha'i, Hindu, and Christian; many are refugees or temporary foreign residents) (2020 est.)" @@ -515,6 +516,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Unification Day, 22 May (1990)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic (sharia) law, Napoleonic law, English common law, and customary law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "adopted by referendum 16 May 1991 (following unification); note - after the National Dialogue ended in January 2015, a Constitutional Drafting Committee appointed by the president worked to prepare a new draft constitution that was expected to be put to a national referendum before being adopted; however, the start of the current conflict in early 2015 interrupted the process" @@ -523,9 +527,6 @@ "text": "amended several times, last in 2009" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Islamic (sharia) law, Napoleonic law, English common law, and customary law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -819,15 +820,9 @@ "text": "$3.585 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "74.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "68.1% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/north-america/bd.json b/north-america/bd.json index 12b8bb8f..93224c2b 100644 --- a/north-america/bd.json +++ b/north-america/bd.json @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ "text": "English (official), Portuguese" }, "Religions": { - "text": "Protestant 46.2% (includes Anglican 15.8%, African Methodist Episcopal 8.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 6.7, Pentecostal 3.5%, Methodist 2.7%, Presbyterian 2.0%, Church of God 1.6%, Baptist 1.2%, Salvation Army 1.1%, Brethren 1.0%, other Protestant 2.0%), Roman Catholic 14.5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.3%, other Christian 9.1%, Muslim 1%, other 3.9%, none 17.8%, unspecified 6.2% (2010 est.)" + "text": "Protestant 46.2% (includes Anglican 15.8%, African Methodist Episcopal 8.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 6.7%, Pentecostal 3.5%, Methodist 2.7%, Presbyterian 2.0%, Church of God 1.6%, Baptist 1.2%, Salvation Army 1.1%, Brethren 1.0%, other Protestant 2.0%), Roman Catholic 14.5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.3%, other Christian 9.1%, Muslim 1%, other 3.9%, none 17.8%, unspecified 6.2% (2010 est.)" }, "Age structure": { "0-14 years": { @@ -413,6 +413,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Bermuda Day, 24 May; note - formerly known as Victoria Day, Empire Day, and Commonwealth Day" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "English common law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous (dating to 1684); latest entered into force 8 June 1968 (Bermuda Constitution Order 1968)" @@ -421,9 +424,6 @@ "text": "proposal procedure - NA; passage by an Order in Council in the UK; amended several times, last in 2012" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "English common law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -664,9 +664,6 @@ "text": "29%" } }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "11% (2008 est.)" - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2022": { "text": "22.99% of GDP (2022 est.)" @@ -687,9 +684,6 @@ "text": "$1.176 billion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt FY14/15": { "text": "43% of GDP (FY14/15)" diff --git a/north-america/ca.json b/north-america/ca.json index 59091288..ef172dfd 100644 --- a/north-america/ca.json +++ b/north-america/ca.json @@ -537,6 +537,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Canada Day, 1 July (1867)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law system except in Quebec, where civil law based on the French civil code prevails" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "consists of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial decisions, and traditions dating from 1763; the written part of the constitution consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a federation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April 1982" @@ -545,9 +548,6 @@ "text": "proposed by either house of Parliament or by the provincial legislative assemblies; there are 5 methods for passage though most require approval by both houses of Parliament, approval of at least two thirds of the provincial legislative assemblies and assent and formalization as a proclamation by the governor general in council; the most restrictive method is reserved for amendments affecting fundamental sections of the constitution, such as the office of the monarch or the governor general, and the constitutional amendment procedures, which require unanimous approval by both houses and by all the provincial assemblies, and assent of the governor general in council; amended 11 times, last in 2011 (Fair Representation Act, 2011)" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law system except in Quebec, where civil law based on the French civil code prevails" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -822,10 +822,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "9.4% (2008 est.)", - "note": "note: this figure is the Low Income Cut-Off, a calculation that results in higher figures than found in many comparable economies; Canada does not have an official poverty line" - }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2019": { "text": "31.7 (2019 est.)" @@ -869,19 +865,10 @@ "text": "$861.955 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "61.42% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "71.07% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "74.55% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/north-america/gl.json b/north-america/gl.json index 6267d2bd..82bab43f 100644 --- a/north-america/gl.json +++ b/north-america/gl.json @@ -122,7 +122,8 @@ "note": "note: data represent population by country of birth" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Greenlandic (West Greenlandic or Kalaallisut is the official language; Tunumiisut (East Greenlandic) and Inuktun (Polar Inuit Greenlandic) are two other native languages, considered dialects of Kalaallisut, spoken by approximately 10% of Greenlanders), Danish, English" + "text": "Greenlandic, Danish, English", + "note": "note: West Greenlandic or Kalaallisut is the official language; Tunumiisut (East Greenlandic) and Inuktun (Polar Inuit Greenlandic) are considered dialects of Kalaallisut and spoken by about 10% of Greenlanders" }, "Religions": { "text": "Evangelical Lutheran, traditional Inuit spiritual beliefs" @@ -416,14 +417,14 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Day, June 21; note - marks the summer solstice and the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "the laws of Denmark apply where applicable and Greenlandic law applies to other areas" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1953 (Greenland established as a constituency in the Danish constitution), 1979 (Greenland Home Rule Act); latest 21 June 2009 (Greenland Self-Government Act)" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "the laws of Denmark apply where applicable and Greenlandic law applies to other areas" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see Denmark" }, @@ -477,7 +478,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "Kenneth HØEGH, Head of Representation; note - Greenland also has offices in the Danish consulates in Chicago and New York" + "text": "Kenneth HØEGH, Head of Representation (since 1 August 2021)" }, "chancery": { "text": "3200 Whitehaven Street, NW
Washington, DC  20008" @@ -490,7 +491,8 @@ }, "email address and website": { "text": "
washington@nanoq.gl

All Greenlandic Representations | Grønlands Repræsentation (grl-rep.dk); 
https://naalakkersuisut.gl/en/Naalakkersuisut/Groenlands-repraesentation-Washington" - } + }, + "note": "Note:  Greenland also has offices in the Danish consulates in Chicago and New York" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { @@ -650,9 +652,6 @@ "text": "$1.594 billion (2016 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "5.6% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2015": { "text": "13% of GDP (2015 est.)" diff --git a/north-america/mx.json b/north-america/mx.json index dd6fda7a..eaa44853 100644 --- a/north-america/mx.json +++ b/north-america/mx.json @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Spanish only 93.8%, Spanish and indigenous languages 5.4%, indigenous only 0.6%, unspecified 0.2%; note - indigenous languages include various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional languages (2020 est.)" + "text": "Spanish only 93.8%, Spanish and indigenous languages (including Mayan, Nahuatl, and others) 5.4%, indigenous only 0.6%, unspecified 0.2% (2020 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -573,6 +573,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 16 September (1810)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system with US constitutional law influence; judicial review of legislative acts" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved 5 February 1917" @@ -581,9 +584,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the Congress of the Union; passage requires approval by at least two thirds of the members present and approval by a majority of the state legislatures; amended many times, last in 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system with US constitutional law influence; judicial review of legislative acts" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -909,19 +909,10 @@ "text": "$313.358 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "44.05% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "44.98% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "45.85% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/north-america/sb.json b/north-america/sb.json index ae984ff9..eba7cd7c 100644 --- a/north-america/sb.json +++ b/north-america/sb.json @@ -392,6 +392,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Fête de la Fédération, 14 July (1790)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "French civil law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "4 October 1958 (French Constitution)" @@ -400,9 +403,6 @@ "text": "amendment procedures of France's constitution apply" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "French civil law" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see France" }, @@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ "text": "UPU, WFTU (NGOs)" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { - "text": "none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)" + "text": "none (overseas territory of France)" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "embassy": { @@ -481,9 +481,6 @@ "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2015": { "text": "$261.3 million (2015 est.)" }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2006": { - "text": "$215.3 million (2006 est.)" - }, "note": "note: supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million" }, "GDP (official exchange rate)": { @@ -492,9 +489,6 @@ "Inflation rate (consumer prices)": { "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2015": { "text": "1.5% (2015)" - }, - "Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2010": { - "text": "4.5% (2010)" } }, "GDP - composition, by sector of origin": { @@ -520,9 +514,6 @@ "Unemployment rate": { "Unemployment rate 2015": { "text": "8.7% (2015 est.)" - }, - "Unemployment rate 2008": { - "text": "9.9% (2008 est.)" } }, "Budget": { @@ -533,9 +524,6 @@ "text": "$60 million (1996 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "3.8% (of GDP) (1996 est.)" - }, "Exports - partners": { "text": "Canada 84%, France 11%, Ireland 3%, Slovakia 1%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 0% (2022)", "note": "note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports" @@ -559,20 +547,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "euros (EUR) per US dollar -" }, - "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "0.885 (2017 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "0.925 (2023 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "0.903 (2016 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "0.95 (2022 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "0.9214 (2015 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.845 (2021 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.885 (2014 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "0.876 (2020 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.7634 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "0.893 (2019 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/north-america/us.json b/north-america/us.json index 06eefad3..1923fa25 100644 --- a/north-america/us.json +++ b/north-america/us.json @@ -542,6 +542,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 4 July (1776)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law system based on English common law at the federal level; state legal systems based on common law, except Louisiana, where state law is based on Napoleonic civil code; judicial review of legislative acts" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1781 (Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union); latest drafted July - September 1787, submitted to the Congress of the Confederation 20 September 1787, submitted for states' ratification 28 September 1787, ratification completed by nine of the 13 states 21 June 1788, effective 4 March 1789" @@ -550,9 +553,6 @@ "text": "proposed as a \"joint resolution\" by Congress, which requires a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a constitutional convention called for by at least two thirds of the state legislatures; passage requires ratification by three fourths of the state legislatures or passage in state-held constitutional conventions as specified by Congress; the US president has no role in the constitutional amendment process; amended many times, last in 1992" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law system based on English common law at the federal level; state legal systems based on common law, except Louisiana, where state law is based on Napoleonic civil code; judicial review of legislative acts" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "withdrew acceptance of compulsory ICJ jurisdiction in 2005; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2002" }, @@ -784,9 +784,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "15.1% (2010 est.)" - }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": { "text": "39.8 (2021 est.)" @@ -830,19 +827,10 @@ "text": "$7.647 trillion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "110.39% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "118.89% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "124.73% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -923,7 +911,7 @@ "note": "note: approximately 4/5ths of US external debt is denominated in US dollars; foreign lenders have been willing to hold US dollar denominated debt instruments because they view the dollar as the world's reserve currency" }, "Exchange rates": { - "text": "British pounds per US dollar: 0.811 (2022 est.), 0.727 (2021 est.), 0.780 (2020 est.), 0.783 (2019 est), 0.750 (2018 est.)
Canadian dollars per US dollar: 1.302 (2022 est.), 1.254 (2021 est.), 1.341 (2020 est.), 1.327 (2019 est.), 1.296 (2018 est.)
Chinese yuan per US dollar: 6.737 (2022 est.), 6.449 (2021 est.), 6.901 (2020 est.), 6.908 (2019 est.), 6.616 (2018 est.)
euros per US dollar: 0.950 (2022 est.), 0.845 (2021 est.), 0.876 (2020 est.), 0.893 (2019 est.), 0.847 (2018 est.)
Japanese yen per US dollar: 131.50 (2022 est.), 109.75 (2021 est.), 106.78 (2020 est.), 109.01 (2019 est.), 110.42 (2018 est.)

note 1: the following countries and territories use the US dollar officially as their legal tender: British Virgin Islands, Ecuador, El Salvador, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Timor Leste, Turks and Caicos, and islands of the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba)

note 2: the following countries and territories use the US dollar as official legal tender alongside local currency: Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, and Panama

note 3: the following countries and territories widely accept the US dollar as a dominant currency but have yet to declare it as legal tender: Bermuda, Burma, Cambodia, Cayman Islands, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Somalia" + "text": "British pounds per US dollar: 0.805 (2023 est.), 0.811 (2022 est.), 0.727 (2021 est.), 0.780 (2020 est.), 0.783 (2019 est.)
Canadian dollars per US dollar: 1.35 (2023 est.), 1.302 (2022 est.), 1.254 (2021 est.), 1.341 (2020 est.), 1.327 (2019 est.)
Chinese yuan per US dollar: 7.084 (2023 est.), 6.737 (2022 est.), 6.449 (2021 est.), 6.901 (2020 est.), 6.908 (2019 est.)
euros per US dollar: 0.925 (2023 est.), 0.950 (2022 est.), 0.845 (2021 est.), 0.876 (2020 est.), 0.893 (2019 est.)
Japanese yen per US dollar: 140.49 (2023 est.), 131.50 (2022 est.), 109.75 (2021 est.), 106.78 (2020 est.), 109.01 (2019 est.)

note 1: the following countries and territories use the US dollar officially as their legal tender: British Virgin Islands, Ecuador, El Salvador, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Timor Leste, Turks and Caicos, and islands of the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba)

note 2: the following countries and territories use the US dollar as official legal tender alongside local currency: Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, and Panama

note 3: the following countries and territories widely accept the US dollar as a dominant currency but have yet to declare it as legal tender: Bermuda, Burma, Cambodia, Cayman Islands, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Somalia" } }, "Energy": { diff --git a/south-america/ar.json b/south-america/ar.json index 3883cb68..36a739d7 100644 --- a/south-america/ar.json +++ b/south-america/ar.json @@ -541,6 +541,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Revolution Day (May Revolution Day), 25 May (1810)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on West European legal systems; note - in mid-2015, Argentina adopted a new civil code, replacing the old one in force since 1871" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest effective 11 May 1853" @@ -549,9 +552,6 @@ "text": "a declaration of proposed amendments requires two-thirds majority vote by both houses of the National Congress followed by approval by an ad hoc, multi-member constitutional convention; amended several times, last significant amendment in 1994" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on West European legal systems; note - in mid-2015, Argentina adopted a new civil code, replacing the old one in force since 1871" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -863,15 +863,9 @@ "text": "$170.725 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "57.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "55% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/south-america/bl.json b/south-america/bl.json index f23f735b..9fe2a617 100644 --- a/south-america/bl.json +++ b/south-america/bl.json @@ -535,6 +535,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 6 August (1825)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system with influences from Roman, Spanish, canon (religious), French, and indigenous law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "many previous; latest drafted 6 August 2006 to 9 December 2008, approved by referendum 25 January 2009, effective 7 February 2009" @@ -543,9 +546,6 @@ "text": "proposed through public petition by at least 20% of voters or by the Plurinational Legislative Assembly; passage requires approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership of the Assembly and approval in a referendum; amended 2013" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system with influences from Roman, Spanish, canon (religious), French, and indigenous law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -864,16 +864,10 @@ "text": "$14.75 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-7.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "49% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "44.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/south-america/br.json b/south-america/br.json index f3a5fc83..66dda375 100644 --- a/south-america/br.json +++ b/south-america/br.json @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language); note - less common languages include Spanish (border areas and schools), German, Italian, Japanese, English, and a large number of minor Amerindian languages" + "text": "Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language); less common languages include Spanish (border areas and schools), German, Italian, Japanese, English, and many minor Amerindian languages" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
O Livro de Fatos Mundiais, a fonte indispensável para informação básica. (Brazilian Portuguese)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -561,6 +561,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 7 September (1822)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law; note - a new civil law code was enacted in 2002 replacing the 1916 code" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest ratified 5 October 1988" @@ -569,9 +572,6 @@ "text": "proposed by at least one third of either house of the National Congress, by the president of the republic, or by simple majority vote by more than half of the state legislative assemblies; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote by both houses in each of two readings; constitutional provisions affecting the federal form of government, separation of powers, suffrage, or individual rights and guarantees cannot be amended; amended many times, last in 2023" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law; note - a new civil law code was enacted in 2002 replacing the 1916 code" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ "text": "Supreme Federal Court or Supremo Tribunal Federal (consists of 11 justices)" }, "judge selection and term of office": { - "text": "justices appointed by the president and approved by the Federal Senate; justices appointed to serve until mandatory retirement at age 75" + "text": "justices appointed by the president and approved by absolute majority by the Federal Senate; justices appointed to serve until mandatory retirement at age 75" }, "subordinate courts": { "text": "Tribunal of the Union, Federal Appeals Court, Superior Court of Justice, Superior Electoral Court, regional federal courts; state court system" @@ -894,19 +894,10 @@ "text": "$617.332 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "79.1% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "85.01% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "98.71% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/south-america/ci.json b/south-america/ci.json index 6ced315f..984fde8d 100644 --- a/south-america/ci.json +++ b/south-america/ci.json @@ -137,11 +137,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Spanish 99.5% (official), English 10.2%, Indigenous 1% (includes Mapudungun, Aymara, Quechua, Rapa Nui), other 2.3%, unspecified 0.2%; note - shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census (2012 est.)" + "text": "Spanish 99.5% (official), English 10.2%, Indigenous 1% (includes Mapudungun, Aymara, Quechua, Rapa Nui), other 2.3%, unspecified 0.2%  (2012 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census" }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 42%, Evangelical 14%, other 6%, none 37% (2021 est.)" @@ -527,6 +528,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 18 September (1810)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system influenced by several West European civil legal systems; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Tribunal" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "many previous; latest adopted 11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; in September 2022 and again in December 2023, referendums presented for a new constitution were both defeated, and the September 1980 constitution remains in force" @@ -535,9 +539,6 @@ "text": "proposed by members of either house of the National Congress or by the president of the republic; passage requires at least four-sevenths majority vote of the membership in both houses and approval by the president; passage of amendments to constitutional articles, such as the republican form of government, basic rights and freedoms, the Constitutional Tribunal, electoral justice, the Council of National Security, or the constitutional amendment process, requires at least four-sevenths majority vote by both houses of Congress and approval by the president; the president can opt to hold a referendum when Congress and the president disagree on an amendment; amended many times, last in 2022" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by several West European civil legal systems; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Tribunal" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -855,15 +856,9 @@ "text": "$73.176 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "23.6% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "21% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/south-america/co.json b/south-america/co.json index b2cd60e7..02d0f48d 100644 --- a/south-america/co.json +++ b/south-america/co.json @@ -532,6 +532,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 20 July (1810)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system influenced by the Spanish and French civil codes" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest promulgated 4 July 1991" @@ -540,9 +543,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the government, by Congress, by a constituent assembly, or by public petition; passage requires a majority vote by Congress in each of two consecutive sessions; passage of amendments to constitutional articles on citizen rights, guarantees, and duties also require approval in a referendum by over one half of voters and participation of over one fourth of citizens registered to vote; amended many times, last in 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by the Spanish and French civil codes" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -860,19 +860,10 @@ "text": "$103.098 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2022": { "text": "70.14% of GDP (2022 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2021": { - "text": "80.37% of GDP (2021 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "91.16% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1242,7 +1233,7 @@ "text": "275 Egypt (MFO) (2024)" }, "Military - note": { - "text": "the Colombian military is responsible for defending and maintaining the country’s independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity but also has a considerable internal security role, which includes protecting the civilian population, as well as private and state-owned assets, and ensuring a secure environment; the military’s primary focus is the conduct of counternarcotics, counterterrorism, and counterinsurgency operations against drug traffickers, several factions of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), and the insurgent/terrorist group National Liberation Army (ELN); these operations are challenged by difficult topography and long and porous land borders

the Colombian Government signed a peace agreement with the FARC in 2016, but some former members (known as dissidents) have returned to fighting (note - these dissident groups include the US-designated foreign terrorist groups Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - People's Army or FARC-EP and Segunda Marquetalia; see Appendix T); since 2017, the Colombian Government has had periodic cease-fire and peace discussions with ELN and the FARC dissidents with varying degrees of success, including a 6-month cease-fire with the ELN in 2023

the military is also focused on the security challenges posed by its neighbor, Venezuela, where instability has attracted narcotics traffickers, and both the ELN and FARC dissidents operate openly; Colombia shares a 1,370-mile (2,200 km) border with Venezuela; ELN and FARC insurgents have also used neighboring Ecuador to rest, resupply, and shelter

Colombia has close security ties with the US, including joint training, military assistance, and designation in 2022 as a Major Non-NATO Ally, which provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense, trade, and security cooperation; it also has close ties with some regional neighbors, such as Argentina, Chile, and Peru; Colombian military and security forces have training programs with their counterparts from a variety of countries, mostly those from Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean; security ties with Ecuador and Venezuela have been challenged by the presence of narcotics traffickers, ELN, and FARC dissidents in the border regions (2023)" + "text": "the Colombian military is responsible for defending and maintaining the country’s independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity but also has a considerable internal security role, which includes protecting the civilian population, as well as private and state-owned assets, and ensuring a secure environment; the military’s primary focus is the conduct of counternarcotic, counterterrorism, and counterinsurgency operations against drug traffickers, several factions of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), and the insurgent/terrorist group National Liberation Army (ELN); these operations are challenged by difficult topography and long and porous land borders

the Colombian Government signed a peace agreement with the FARC in 2016, but some former members (known as dissidents) have returned to fighting (note - these dissident groups include the US-designated foreign terrorist groups Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - People's Army or FARC-EP and Segunda Marquetalia; see Appendix T); since 2017, the Colombian Government has had periodic cease-fire and peace discussions with ELN and the FARC dissidents with varying degrees of success, including a 6-month cease-fire with the ELN in 2023

the military is also focused on the security challenges posed by its neighbor, Venezuela, where instability has attracted narcotics traffickers, and both the ELN and FARC dissidents operate openly; Colombia shares a 1,370-mile (2,200 km) border with Venezuela; ELN and FARC insurgents have also used neighboring Ecuador to rest, resupply, and shelter

Colombia has close security ties with the US, including joint training, military assistance, and designation in 2022 as a Major Non-NATO Ally, which provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense, trade, and security cooperation; it also has close ties with some regional neighbors, such as Argentina, Chile, and Peru; Colombian military and security forces have training programs with their counterparts from a variety of countries, mostly those from Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean; security ties with Ecuador and Venezuela have been challenged by the presence of narcotics traffickers, ELN, and FARC dissidents in the border regions (2023)" } }, "Space": { diff --git a/south-america/ec.json b/south-america/ec.json index 62e2fa80..a933b514 100644 --- a/south-america/ec.json +++ b/south-america/ec.json @@ -134,12 +134,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Spanish (Castilian; official) 98.6%, indigenous 3.9% (Quechua 3.2%, other indigenous 0.7%), foreign 2.8%, other 0.6% (includes Ecuadorian sign language); note - (Quechua and Shuar are official languages of intercultural relations; other indigenous languages are in official use by indigenous peoples in the areas they inhabit) (2022 est.)" + "text": "Spanish (Castilian; official) 98.6%, indigenous 3.9% (Quechua 3.2%, other indigenous 0.7%), foreign 2.8%, other 0.6% (includes Ecuadorian sign language) (2022 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." }, - "note": "note: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census" + "note": "note 1: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census

note 2: Quechua and Shuar are official languages of intercultural relations; other indigenous languages are in official use by indigenous peoples in the areas they inhabit" }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 68.2%, Protestant 19% (Evangelical 18.3%, Adventist 0.6%, other Protestant 0.2%), Jehovah's Witness 1.4%, other 2.3%, none 8.2% don't know/no response 1% (2023 est.)" @@ -539,6 +539,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day (independence of Quito), 10 August (1809)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law based on the Chilean civil code with modifications; traditional law in indigenous communities" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "many previous; latest approved 20 October 2008" @@ -547,9 +550,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the president of the republic through a referendum, by public petition of at least 1% of registered voters, or by agreement of at least one-third membership of the National Assembly; passage requires two separate readings a year apart and approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, and approval by absolute majority in a referendum; amendments such as changes to the structure of the state, constraints on personal rights and guarantees, or constitutional amendment procedures are not allowed; amended 2011, 2015, 2018, 2024" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law based on the Chilean civil code with modifications; traditional law in indigenous communities" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -866,15 +866,9 @@ "text": "$39.319 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "45.4% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "43.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/south-america/fk.json b/south-america/fk.json index 5c771b75..56ac5d65 100644 --- a/south-america/fk.json +++ b/south-america/fk.json @@ -297,14 +297,14 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "English common law and local statutes" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1985; latest entered into force 1 January 2009 (The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008)" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "English common law and local statutes" - }, "Citizenship": { "text": "see United Kingdom" }, @@ -387,9 +387,6 @@ }, "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2014": { "text": "$164.5 million (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2013": { - "text": "$167.5 million (2013 est.)" } }, "Real GDP growth rate": { @@ -398,9 +395,6 @@ }, "Real GDP growth rate 2014": { "text": "-1.8% (2014 est.)" - }, - "Real GDP growth rate 2013": { - "text": "-20.4% (2013 est.)" } }, "Real GDP per capita": { @@ -457,9 +451,6 @@ "text": "$75.3 million (FY09/10)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4% (of GDP) (FY09/10)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2015": { "text": "0% of GDP (2015 est.)" @@ -498,20 +489,20 @@ "Currency": { "text": "Falkland pounds (FKP) per US dollar -" }, - "Exchange rates 2017": { - "text": "0.7836 (2017 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2023": { + "text": "0.805 (2023 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2016": { - "text": "0.6542 (2016 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2022": { + "text": "0.811 (2022 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2015": { - "text": "0.6542 (2015)" + "Exchange rates 2021": { + "text": "0.727 (2021)" }, - "Exchange rates 2014": { - "text": "0.6542 (2014 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2020": { + "text": "0.78 (2020 est.)" }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "0.6391 (2013 est.)" + "Exchange rates 2019": { + "text": "0.783 (2019 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/south-america/gy.json b/south-america/gy.json index e7ec6a7a..874249b7 100644 --- a/south-america/gy.json +++ b/south-america/gy.json @@ -511,6 +511,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Republic Day, 23 February (1970)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law system, based on the English model, with some Roman-Dutch civil law influence" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest promulgated 6 October 1980" @@ -519,9 +522,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage of amendments affecting constitutional articles, such as national sovereignty, government structure and powers, and constitutional amendment procedures, requires approval by the Assembly membership, approval in a referendum, and assent of the president; other amendments only require Assembly approval; amended many times, last in 2016" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law system, based on the English model, with some Roman-Dutch civil law influence" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -770,22 +770,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "35% (2006 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2007": { - "text": "44.6 (2007 est.)" - } - }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "1.3%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "33.8% (1999)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "3.27% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -806,15 +790,9 @@ "text": "$1.467 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-4.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "52.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "50.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/south-america/ns.json b/south-america/ns.json index 8db0374b..ed791885 100644 --- a/south-america/ns.json +++ b/south-america/ns.json @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is the native language of Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca among others), Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese" + "text": "Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is the native language of Creoles and much of the younger population), Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
Het Wereld Feitenboek, een omnisbare bron van informatie. (Dutch)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)" @@ -498,6 +498,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 25 November (1975)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system influenced by Dutch civil law; note - a new criminal code was enacted in 2017" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1975; latest ratified 30 September 1987, effective 30 October 1987" @@ -506,9 +509,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the total membership; amended 1992" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system influenced by Dutch civil law; note - a new criminal code was enacted in 2017" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -777,9 +777,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "70% (2002 est.)" - }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022": { "text": "39.2 (2022 est.)" @@ -813,15 +810,9 @@ "text": "$1.648 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-7.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "69.3% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "75.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/south-america/pa.json b/south-america/pa.json index f2ef6e07..98a3f365 100644 --- a/south-america/pa.json +++ b/south-america/pa.json @@ -129,11 +129,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official) and Guarani (official) 46.3%, only Guarani 34%, only Spanish 15.2%, other (includes Portuguese, German, other Indigenous languages) 4.1%, no response 0.4%; note - data represent predominant household language (2012 est.)" + "text": "Spanish (official) and Guarani (official) 46.3%, only Guarani 34%, only Spanish 15.2%, other (includes Portuguese, German, other Indigenous languages) 4.1%, no response 0.4% (2012 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: data represent predominant household language" }, "Religions": { "text": "Roman Catholic 80.4%, Protestant 7% (Evangelical (non-specific) 6.7%, Evangelical Pentecostal <0.1%, Adventist <0.1%, Protestant (non-specific) <0.1%), Believer (not belonging to the church) 5.7%, other 0.6%, agnostic <0.1%, none 0.2%, unspecified 6.2% (2023 est.)" @@ -517,6 +518,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 14-15 May (1811) (observed 15 May); 14 May is celebrated as Flag Day" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system with influences from Argentine, Spanish, Roman, and French civil law models; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court of Justice" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved and promulgated 20 June 1992" @@ -525,9 +529,6 @@ "text": "proposed at the initiative of at least one quarter of either chamber of the National Congress, by the president of the republic, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires a two-thirds majority vote by both chambers and approval in a referendum; amended 2011" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system with influences from Argentine, Spanish, Roman, and French civil law models; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court of Justice" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -844,15 +845,9 @@ "text": "$8.714 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "19.5% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "18.9% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/south-america/pe.json b/south-america/pe.json index b577d3ff..89255dbc 100644 --- a/south-america/pe.json +++ b/south-america/pe.json @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official) 82.9%, Quechua (official) 13.6%, Aymara (official) 1.6%, Ashaninka 0.3%, other native languages (includes a large number of minor Amazonian languages) 0.8%, other (includes foreign languages and sign language) 0.2%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.7% (2017 est.)" + "text": "Spanish (official) 82.9%, Quechua (official) 13.6%, Aymara (official) 1.6%, Ashaninka 0.3%, other native languages (includes many minor Amazonian languages) 0.8%, other 0.2%, none 0.1%, unspecified 0.7% (2017 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -558,6 +558,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 28-29 July (1821)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest promulgated 29 December 1993, enacted 31 December 1993" @@ -566,9 +569,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Congress, by the president of the republic with the approval of the Council of Ministers or by petition of at least 0.3% of voters; passage requires absolute majority approval by the Congress membership, followed by approval in a referendum; a referendum is not required if Congress approves the amendment by greater than two-thirds majority vote in each of two successive sessions; amended many times, last in 2021" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -885,19 +885,10 @@ "text": "$49.134 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2021": { "text": "35.25% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "34.76% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "26.53% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/south-america/uy.json b/south-america/uy.json index 0af52a25..b7c324e8 100644 --- a/south-america/uy.json +++ b/south-america/uy.json @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Spanish (official) (the Rioplatense dialect is the most widely spoken dialect)" + "text": "Spanish (official, Rioplatense is the most widely spoken dialect)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." @@ -536,6 +536,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 25 August (1825)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the Spanish civil code" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved by plebiscite 27 November 1966, effective 15 February 1967, reinstated in 1985 at the conclusion of military rule" @@ -544,9 +547,6 @@ "text": "initiated by public petition of at least 10% of qualified voters, proposed by agreement of at least two fifths of the General Assembly membership, or by existing \"constitutional laws\" sanctioned by at least two thirds of the membership in both houses of the Assembly; proposals can also be submitted by senators, representatives, or by the executive power and require the formation of and approval in a national constituent convention; final passage by either method requires approval by absolute majority of votes cast in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2004" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the Spanish civil code" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -863,19 +863,10 @@ "text": "$17.571 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2020": { "text": "60.28% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "50.13% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2018": { - "text": "47.34% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/south-america/ve.json b/south-america/ve.json index 51cf4c89..118a80d8 100644 --- a/south-america/ve.json +++ b/south-america/ve.json @@ -509,6 +509,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 5 July (1811)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law system based on the Spanish civil code" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "many previous; latest adopted 15 December 1999, effective 30 December 1999" @@ -517,9 +520,6 @@ "text": "proposed through agreement by at least 39% of the National Assembly membership, by the president of the republic in session with the cabinet of ministers, or by petition of at least 15% of registered voters; passage requires simple majority vote by the Assembly and simple majority approval in a referendum; amended 2009; note - in 2016, President MADURO issued a decree to hold an election to form a constituent assembly to change the constitution; the election in July 2017 approved the formation of a 545-member constituent assembly and elected its delegates, empowering them to change the constitution and dismiss government institutions and officials" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law system based on the Spanish civil code" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -551,10 +551,10 @@ "text": "Council of Ministers appointed by the president" }, "elections/appointments": { - "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 6-year term (no term limits); election last held on 20 May 2018 (next to be held on 28 July 2024)" + "text": "president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 6-year term (no term limits); election last held on 28 July 2024 (next to be held in 2030)" }, "election results": { - "text": "
2018: Nicolas MADURO Moros reelected president; percent of vote - Nicolas MADURO Moros (PSUV) 67.9%, Henri FALCON (AP) 20.9%, Javier BERTUCCI 10.8%; note - the election was reportedly marred by serious shortcomings and electoral fraud

2013: Nicolas MADURO Moros elected president; percent of vote - Nicolas MADURO Moros (PSUV) 50.6%, Henrique CAPRILES Radonski (PJ) 49.1%, other 0.3%" + "text": "
2024: official results disputed; Nicolas MADURO Moros was declared the winner by the MADURO-controlled National Electoral Council; percent of vote - Nicolas MADURO Moros (PSUV) 52%, Edmundo GONZÁLEZ Urrutia (Independent) 43.2%, Luis Eduardo MARTÍNEZ (AD) 1.2%, other 3.6%; note – given overwhelming evidence, including more than 80% of the tally sheets received directly from polling stations throughout Venezuela indicating that GONZÁLEZ received the most votes by an insurmountable margin, the United States recognizes that GONZÁLEZ won the most votes in the 28 July 2024 presidential election

2018: Nicolas MADURO Moros reelected president; percent of vote - Nicolas MADURO Moros (PSUV) 67.9%, Henri FALCON (AP) 20.9%, Javier BERTUCCI 10.8%; note - the election was reportedly marred by serious shortcomings and electoral fraud

2013: Nicolas MADURO Moros elected president; percent of vote - Nicolas MADURO Moros (PSUV) 50.6%, Henrique CAPRILES Radonski (PJ) 49.1%, other 0.3%" }, "note": "note: the president is both chief of state and head of government" }, @@ -587,21 +587,7 @@ "text": "ACS, Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { - "chief of mission": { - "text": "Ambassador (vacant); note - the embassy, which had been run by the Venezuelan political opposition, announced on 5 January 2023, that it had ended all embassy functions" - }, - "chancery": { - "text": "1099 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007; note - closed since 5 January 2023" - }, - "telephone": { - "text": "[1] (202) 342-2214; note - closed since 5 January 2023" - }, - "FAX": { - "text": "[1] (202) 342-6820; note - closed since 5 January 2023" - }, - "email address and website": { - "text": "
despacho.embveus@mppre.gob.ve" - } + "text": "none

Note:  the embassy, which had been run by the Venezuelan political opposition, announced on 5 January 2023, that it had ended all embassy functions" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "chief of mission": { @@ -777,11 +763,6 @@ "text": "33.1% (2015 est.)", "note": "note: % of population with income below national poverty line" }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2011": { - "text": "39 (2011 est.)" - } - }, "Average household expenditures": { "on food": { "text": "18.6% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" @@ -790,22 +771,11 @@ "text": "3.8% of household expenditures (2021 est.)" } }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "1.7%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "32.7% (2006)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2014": { "text": "0.03% of GDP (2014 est.)" }, - "Remittances 2013": { - "text": "0.03% of GDP (2013 est.)" - }, - "note": "note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities" + "note": "note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities" }, "Budget": { "revenues": { @@ -815,16 +785,10 @@ "text": "$76 million (2017 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-46.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "38.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "31.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: data cover central government debt, as well as the debt of state-owned oil company PDVSA; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include some debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; some debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -914,9 +878,6 @@ }, "Exchange rates 2014": { "text": "6.284 (2014 est.)" - }, - "Exchange rates 2013": { - "text": "6.048 (2013 est.)" } } }, diff --git a/south-asia/af.json b/south-asia/af.json index ebd2aedd..58f7c013 100644 --- a/south-asia/af.json +++ b/south-asia/af.json @@ -537,14 +537,14 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "previous: Independence Day, 19 August (1919); under the Taliban Government, 15 August (2022) is declared a national holiday, marking the anniversary of the victory of the Afghan jihad

" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "

the Taliban is implementing its own interpretation of Islamic law, which is partially based on the Hanifi school of Islamic jurisprudence and have enforced strict punishments; before the Taliban takeover, Afghanistan had a mixed legal system of civil, customary, and Islamic law

(2021)" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest ratified in 2004, but not currently enforced by the Taliban" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "

the Taliban is implementing its own interpretation of Islamic law, which is partially based on the Hanifi school of Islamic jurisprudence and have enforced strict punishments; before the Taliban takeover, Afghanistan had a mixed legal system of civil, customary, and Islamic law

(2021)" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; formerly accepted ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -600,9 +600,7 @@ "text": "Afghanistan is a member of the following organizations but Taliban representatives do not participate: ADB, CICA, CP, ECO, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SAARC, SACEP, SCO (dialogue member), UN, UNAMA, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { - "chief of mission": { - "text": "none; note - the Afghan Embassy closed in March 2022" - } + "text": "none

Note:  the Afghan Embassy closed in March 2022" }, "Diplomatic representation from the US": { "embassy": { @@ -766,19 +764,6 @@ "text": "54.5% (2016 est.)", "note": "note: % of population with income below national poverty line" }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2008": { - "text": "29.4 (2008)" - } - }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "3.8%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "24% (2008)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2022": { "text": "2.55% of GDP (2022 est.)" @@ -799,15 +784,9 @@ "text": "$5.293 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-15.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "7% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "7.8% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1126,7 +1105,7 @@ "Terrorism": { "Terrorist group(s)": { "text": "Haqqani Taliban Network; Harakat ul-Mujahidin; Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami; Islamic Jihad Union; Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham-Khorasan Province (ISIS-K); Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Force; Jaish-e-Mohammed; Jaysh al Adl (Jundallah); Lashkar i Jhangvi; Lashkar-e Tayyiba; al-Qa’ida; al-Qa'ida in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS); Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP)", - "note": "note 1:  as of mid-2022, TTP was reportedly the largest component of foreign terrorist fighters in Afghanistan, with an estimated 3-4,000 armed fighters operating primarily along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border

note 2: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide" + "note": "note 1:  as of 2024, Afghanistan was assessed to be a place of global significance for terrorism, with approximately 20 designated and non-designated terrorist groups operating in the country

note 2: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide" } }, "Transnational Issues": { diff --git a/south-asia/bg.json b/south-asia/bg.json index 3d51342e..c7229345 100644 --- a/south-asia/bg.json +++ b/south-asia/bg.json @@ -542,6 +542,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 26 March (1971); Victory Day, 16 December (1971); note - 26 March 1971 is the date of the Awami League's declaration of an independent Bangladesh, and 16 December (Victory Day) memorializes the military victory over Pakistan and the official creation of the state of Bangladesh" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law; since independence, statutory law enacted by the Parliament of Bangladesh has been the primary form of legislation; Bangladeshi law incorporates elements of English common law; Islamic law applies to Bangladeshi Muslims in family and inheritance laws, with Hindu personal law applying to Bangladeshi Hindus and Buddhists  " + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1935, 1956, 1962 (preindependence); latest enacted 4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972, suspended March 1982, restored November 1986" @@ -550,9 +553,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the House of the Nation; approval requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the House membership and assent of the president of the republic; amended many times, last in 2018" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law; since independence, statutory law enacted by the Parliament of Bangladesh has been the primary form of legislation; Bangladeshi law incorporates elements of English common law; Islamic law applies to Bangladeshi Muslims in family and inheritance laws, with Hindu personal law applying to Bangladeshi Hindus and Buddhists  " - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ "text": "President Mohammad Shahabuddin CHUPPI (since 24 April 2023)" }, "head of government": { - "text": "Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA Wazed (since 6 January 2009)" + "text": "vacant; on 5 August 2024, Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA Wazed resigned, and the army announced it is in talks to form a new government" }, "cabinet": { "text": "Cabinet selected by the prime minister, appointed by the president" @@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ }, "Legislative branch": { "description": { - "text": "unicameral House of the Nation or Jatiya Sangsad (350 seats; 300 members in single-seat territorial constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote; 50 members - reserved for women only - indirectly elected by the House of the Nation membership by proportional representation vote using single transferable vote method; all members serve 5-year terms)" + "text": "unicameral House of the Nation or Jatiya Sangsad (350 seats; 300 members in single-seat territorial constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote; 50 members - reserved for women only - indirectly elected by the House of the Nation membership by proportional representation vote using single transferable vote method; all members serve 5-year terms); note - on 5 August 2024, Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA Wazed resigned, and the following day, President Mohammad Shahabuddin CHUPPI dissolved House of the Nation" }, "elections": { "text": "last held on 7 January 2024 (next to be held in 2029)" @@ -867,15 +867,9 @@ "text": "$46.379 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "33.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "33.3% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/south-asia/bt.json b/south-asia/bt.json index f0dbc813..5652899b 100644 --- a/south-asia/bt.json +++ b/south-asia/bt.json @@ -465,6 +465,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "National Day (Ugyen WANGCHUCK became first hereditary king), 17 December (1907)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "civil law based on Buddhist religious law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous governing documents were various royal decrees; first constitution drafted November 2001 to March 2005, ratified 18 July 2008" @@ -473,9 +476,6 @@ "text": "proposed as a motion by simple majority vote in a joint session of Parliament; passage requires at least a three-fourths majority vote in a joint session of the next Parliament and assent by the king" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "civil law based on Buddhist religious law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -743,19 +743,10 @@ }, "note": "note: the Government of India finances nearly one-quarter of Bhutan's budget expenditures" }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2020": { "text": "111.01% of GDP (2020 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "90.36% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2018": { - "text": "95.85% of GDP (2018 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/south-asia/ce.json b/south-asia/ce.json index e051c44e..6b588a4d 100644 --- a/south-asia/ce.json +++ b/south-asia/ce.json @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ "text": "Sinhalese 74.9%, Sri Lankan Tamil 11.2%, Sri Lankan Moors 9.2%, Indian Tamil 4.2%, other 0.5% (2012 est.)" }, "Languages": { - "text": "Sinhala (official and national language) 87%, Tamil (official and national language) 28.5%, English 23.8% (2012 est.)", + "text": "Sinhala (official) 87%, Tamil (official) 28.5%, English 23.8% (2012 est.)", "note": "note: data represent main languages spoken by the population aged 10 years and older; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; English is commonly used in government and is referred to as the \"link language\" in the constitution" }, "Religions": { @@ -525,6 +525,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day (National Day), 4 February (1948)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "mixed legal system of Roman-Dutch civil law, English common law, Jaffna Tamil customary law, and Muslim personal law" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest adopted 16 August 1978, certified 31 August 1978" @@ -533,9 +536,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of its total membership, certification by the president of the republic or the Parliament speaker, and in some cases approval in a referendum by absolute majority of valid votes; amended many times, last in 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "mixed legal system of Roman-Dutch civil law, English common law, Jaffna Tamil customary law, and Muslim personal law" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -854,19 +854,10 @@ "text": "$17.496 billion (2019 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "79.1% of GDP (2017 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "79.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2015": { - "text": "73.51% of GDP (2015 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/south-asia/in.json b/south-asia/in.json index 7dc2f6fe..a108d7ba 100644 --- a/south-asia/in.json +++ b/south-asia/in.json @@ -145,11 +145,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Hindi 43.6%, Bengali 8%, Marathi 6.9%, Telugu 6.7%, Tamil 5.7%, Gujarati 4.6%, Urdu 4.2%, Kannada 3.6%, Odia 3.1%, Malayalam 2.9%, Punjabi 2.7%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.1%, other 5.6%; note - English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; there are 22 other officially recognized languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language (2011 est.)" + "text": "Hindi 43.6%, Bengali 8%, Marathi 6.9%, Telugu 6.7%, Tamil 5.7%, Gujarati 4.6%, Urdu 4.2%, Kannada 3.6%, Odia 3.1%, Malayalam 2.9%, Punjabi 2.7%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.1%, other 5.6%;  English is the subsidiary official language but is the most important one for national, political, and commercial communication (2011 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "

विश्व फ़ैक्टबुक, आधारभूत जानकारी का एक अनिवार्य स्रोत (Hindi)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note 1: there are 22 other recognized languages -- Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu
note 2: Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language" }, "Religions": { "text": "Hindu 79.8%, Muslim 14.2%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.7%, other and unspecified 2% (2011 est.)" @@ -559,6 +560,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Republic Day, 26 January (1950)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law system based on the English model; separate personal law codes apply to Muslims, Christians, and Hindus; judicial review of legislative acts" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "previous 1935 (preindependence); latest draft completed 4 November 1949, adopted 26 November 1949, effective 26 January 1950" @@ -567,9 +571,6 @@ "text": "proposed by either the Council of States or the House of the People; passage requires majority participation of the total membership in each house and at least two-thirds majority of voting members of each house, followed by assent of the president of India; proposed amendments to the constitutional amendment procedures also must be ratified by at least one half of the India state legislatures before presidential assent; amended many times, last in 2023" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law system based on the English model; separate personal law codes apply to Muslims, Christians, and Hindus; judicial review of legislative acts" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -842,9 +843,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "21.9% (2011 est.)" - }, "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021": { "text": "32.8 (2021 est.)" @@ -888,19 +886,10 @@ "text": "$818.94 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2018": { "text": "46.52% of GDP (2018 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2017": { - "text": "47.58% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "47.63% of GDP (2016 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { @@ -1309,7 +1298,7 @@ "text": "Satish Dhawan Space Center (aka Sriharikota Range; located in Andhra Pradesh); Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (Kerala) (2024)" }, "Space program overview": { - "text": "has one of the world’s largest space programs; designs, builds, launches, operates, and tracks the full spectrum of satellites, including communications, navigation, remote sensing (RS), and scientific/technology; designs, builds, and launches rockets, space/satellite launch vehicles (SLVs), and lunar/interplanetary probes; launches satellites for foreign partners; developing human space flight capabilities (with assistance from Russia, US); researching and developing additional space-related technologies and capabilities; has space-related agreements with more than 50 countries, including China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, and the US, as well as the European Space Agency; participates in international space projects such as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) radio telescope; has a government-owned company under the administrative control of DOS; NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) is the commercial arm of the ISRO with the responsibility of researching and developing space-related technologies and promoting India’s growing space industry (2024)", + "text": "has one of the world’s largest space programs; designs, builds, launches, operates, and tracks the full spectrum of satellites, including communications, navigation, remote sensing (RS), and scientific/technology; designs, builds, and launches rockets, space/satellite launch vehicles (SLVs), and lunar/interplanetary probes; launches satellites for foreign partners; developing astronaut corps and human flight capabilities (with assistance from Russia, US); researching and developing additional space-related technologies and capabilities; has space-related agreements with more than 50 countries, including China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, and the US, as well as the European Space Agency; participates in international space projects such as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) radio telescope; has a government-owned company under the administrative control of DOS; NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) is the commercial arm of the ISRO with the responsibility of researching and developing space-related technologies and promoting India’s growing space industry (2024)", "note": "note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in the Space Programs reference guide" } }, diff --git a/south-asia/mv.json b/south-asia/mv.json index 9c073817..1093d446 100644 --- a/south-asia/mv.json +++ b/south-asia/mv.json @@ -494,6 +494,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Independence Day, 26 July (1965)" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "Islamic (sharia) legal system with English common law influences, primarily in commercial matters" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "many previous; latest ratified 7 August 2008" @@ -502,9 +505,6 @@ "text": "proposed by Parliament; passage requires at least three-quarters majority vote by its membership and the signature of the president of the republic; passage of amendments to constitutional articles on rights and freedoms and the terms of office of Parliament and of the president also requires a majority vote in a referendum; amended 2015" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "Islamic (sharia) legal system with English common law influences, primarily in commercial matters" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction" }, @@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ }, "Diplomatic representation in the US": { "chief of mission": { - "text": "

Ambassador Abdul GHAFOOR Mohamed (since 15 June 2023)

" + "text": "Ambassador Abdul GHAFOOR Mohamed (since 15 June 2023)" }, "chancery": { "text": "1100 H Street NW, Suite 250, Washington, D.C. 20005" @@ -788,15 +788,9 @@ "text": "$1.797 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-10.1% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "61.7% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/south-asia/np.json b/south-asia/np.json index d0069f8a..f34d99c0 100644 --- a/south-asia/np.json +++ b/south-asia/np.json @@ -127,11 +127,12 @@ }, "Languages": { "Languages": { - "text": "Nepali (official) 44.9%, Maithali 11.1%, Bhojpuri 6.2%, Tharu 5.9%, Tamang 4.9%, Bajjika 3.9%, Avadhi 3%, Nepalbhasha (Newari) 3%, Magar Dhut 2.8%, Doteli 1.7%, Urdu 1.4%, Yakthung/Limbu 1.2%, Gurung 1.1%, other 8.9%; note - 123 languages reported as mother tongue in 2021 national census; many in government and business also speak English (2021 est.)" + "text": "Nepali (official) 44.9%, Maithali 11.1%, Bhojpuri 6.2%, Tharu 5.9%, Tamang 4.9%, Bajjika 3.9%, Avadhi 3%, Nepalbhasha (Newari) 3%, Magar Dhut 2.8%, Doteli 1.7%, Urdu 1.4%, Yakthung/Limbu 1.2%, Gurung 1.1%, other 8.9% (2021 est.)" }, "major-language sample(s)": { "text": "
विश्व तथ्य पुस्तक,आधारभूत जानकारीको लागि अपरिहार्य स्रोत (Nepali)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information." - } + }, + "note": "note: 123 languages reported as mother tongue in 2021 national census; many in government and business also speak English" }, "Religions": { "text": "Hindu 81.2%, Buddhist 8.2%, Muslim 5.1%, Kirat 3.2%, Christian 1.8%, other 0.5% (2021 est.)" @@ -520,6 +521,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Constitution Day, 20 September (2015); note - marks the promulgation of Nepal’s constitution in 2015 and replaces the previous 28 May Republic Day as the official national day in Nepal; the Gregorian day fluctuates based on Nepal’s Hindu calendar" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "English common law and Hindu legal concepts; note - new criminal and civil codes came into effect on 17 August 2018" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest approved by the Second Constituent Assembly 16 September 2015, signed by the president and effective 20 September 2015" @@ -528,9 +532,6 @@ "text": "proposed as a bill by either house of the Federal Parliament; bills affecting a state border or powers delegated to a state must be submitted to the affected state assembly; passage of such bills requires a majority vote of that state assembly membership; bills not requiring state assembly consent require at least two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses of the Federal Parliament; parts of the constitution on the sovereignty, territorial integrity, independence, and sovereignty vested in the people cannot be amended; amended 2016, 2020" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "English common law and Hindu legal concepts; note - new criminal and civil codes came into effect on 17 August 2018" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -565,7 +566,7 @@ "text": "president indirectly elected by an electoral college of the Federal Parliament and of the state assemblies for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 9 March 2023 (next to be held in 2028)" }, "election results": { - "text": "2023: Ram Chandra POUDEL elected president; electoral college vote - Ram Chandra POUDEL (NC) 33,802, Subash Chandra NEMBANG (CPN-UML) 15,518" + "text": "
2023: Ram Chandra POUDEL elected president; electoral college vote - Ram Chandra POUDEL (NC) 33,802, Subash Chandra NEMBANG (CPN-UML) 15,518

2018: Bidhya Devi BHANDARI reelected president; electoral vote - Bidhya Devi BHANDARI (CPN-UML) 39,275, Kumari Laxmi RAI (NC) 11,730 " } }, "Legislative branch": { @@ -787,22 +788,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Population below poverty line": { - "text": "25.2% (2011 est.)" - }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2010": { - "text": "32.8 (2010 est.)" - } - }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "3.2%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "29.5% (2011)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "26.89% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -823,19 +808,10 @@ "text": "$9.008 billion (2020 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-0.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2021": { "text": "39.92% of GDP (2021 est.)" }, - "Public debt 2020": { - "text": "39.05% of GDP (2020 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2019": { - "text": "31.78% of GDP (2019 est.)" - }, "note": "note: central government debt as a % of GDP" }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/south-asia/pk.json b/south-asia/pk.json index 46f24a3b..a09c49a6 100644 --- a/south-asia/pk.json +++ b/south-asia/pk.json @@ -556,6 +556,9 @@ "National holiday": { "text": "Pakistan Day (also referred to as Pakistan Resolution Day or Republic Day), 23 March (1940); note - commemorates both the adoption of the Lahore Resolution by the All-India Muslim League during its 22-24 March 1940 session, which called for the creation of independent Muslim states, and the adoption of the first constitution of Pakistan on 23 March 1956 during the transition to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan" }, + "Legal system": { + "text": "common law system with Islamic law influence" + }, "Constitution": { "history": { "text": "several previous; latest endorsed 12 April 1973, passed 19 April 1973, entered into force 14 August 1973 (suspended and restored several times)" @@ -564,9 +567,6 @@ "text": "proposed by the Senate or by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of both houses; amended many times, last in 2018" } }, - "Legal system": { - "text": "common law system with Islamic law influence" - }, "International law organization participation": { "text": "accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt" }, @@ -886,15 +886,9 @@ }, "note": "note: data are for fiscal years" }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-5.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "67% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "67.6% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": { diff --git a/world/xx.json b/world/xx.json index 562ea799..0eeb2632 100644 --- a/world/xx.json +++ b/world/xx.json @@ -572,19 +572,6 @@ }, "note": "note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment" }, - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income": { - "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2012": { - "text": "37.9 (2012 est.)" - } - }, - "Household income or consumption by percentage share": { - "lowest 10%": { - "text": "2.6%" - }, - "highest 10%": { - "text": "30.2% (2008 est.)" - } - }, "Remittances": { "Remittances 2023": { "text": "0.82% of GDP (2023 est.)" @@ -605,15 +592,9 @@ "text": "$23.81 trillion (2017 est.)" } }, - "Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)": { - "text": "-3% (of GDP) (2016 est.)" - }, "Public debt": { "Public debt 2017": { "text": "67.2% of GDP (2017 est.)" - }, - "Public debt 2016": { - "text": "67.2% of GDP (2016 est.)" } }, "Taxes and other revenues": {