Context: Marble (toy) |  range for antique marbles. ; Opaque - a popular marble that comes in many colors ; Oxblood - a streaky patch resembling blood ; Pearls - opaque with single color with mother of pearl finish ; Toothpaste - also known as plainsies in Canada. Wavy streaks usually with red, blue, black, white, orange. ; Turtle - wavy streaks containing green and yellow ; Bumblebee - modern, machine-made marble; mostly yellow with two black strips on each side ; China - glazed porcelain, with various patterns similar to an alley marble. Geometric patterns have low value; flowers or other identifiable objects can command high prices. ;

Prompt: Toothpaste, turtle, oxblood, oilie/oily, ade, and swirly are types of what?

Answer: Marbles (game)


Context: Little Ice Age |   The Little Ice Age (LIA) was a period of regional cooling, particularly pronounced in the North Atlantic region, that occurred after the Medieval Warm Period. It was not a true ice age of global extent. The term was introduced into scientific literature by François E. Matthes in 1939. The time period has been conventionally defined as extending from the 16th to the 19th centuries,  but some experts prefer an alternative timespan from about 1300 to about 1850. The NASA Earth Observatory notes three particularly cold intervals. One began about 1650, another about 1770, and the last in 1850, all of which were separated by intervals of slight warming. The Intergovernmental Panel

Prompt: A period of Northern Hemisphere climatic extremes occurring between 1350 and 1850 is loosely referred to as 'The Little (what)'?

Answer: Theory of ice ages


Context: Harquebusier | " According to John Cruso in his cavalry manual of 1632, the harquebusier was ""first invented in France"". This type of cavalryman was characterised by the use of a form of carbine, the earliest type of carbine used was called a ""harquebus"" (a word derived from the heavier infantry weapon, the arquebus). In the late 16th century and into the first decades of the following century the harquebusier was envisioned, like the similar and earlier petronel, as a support for more heavily armoured cavalry, demi-lancers or pistol-armed cuirassiers and reiters. Later, towards the mid 17th century, the harquebusier became the standard type of cavalry found throughout western Europe. The switch of the harquebusier from a mounted support role, "

Prompt: A harquebus/arquebus is an early form of?

Answer: Gun


Context: Gunwale | "  The gunwale is the top edge of the hull of a ship or boat. Originally the structure was the ""gun wale"" on a sailing warship, a horizontal reinforcing band added at and above the level of a gun deck to offset the stresses created by firing artillery. Over time it remained as a valuable stiffener mounted inboard of the sheer strake on commercial and recreational craft. In modern boats, it is the top edge of the hull where there is usually some form of stiffening, often in the form of traditional wooden boat construction members called the ""inwale"" and ""outwale"". On a canoe, the gunwale is typically the widened edge at the top of its hull, reinforced with wood, plastic or aluminum, to carry the thwarts. On a narrowboat or canal boat, the gunwale is synonymous with the side deck - a narrow ledge running the full length of the craft."

Prompt: Derived from the use of naval artillery what is the nautical term for the top edge of the side of a boat?

Answer: Gunnel (ship element)


Context: Pico- |  Pico (unit symbol p) is a unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of one trillionth in the short scale and one billionth in the long scale ; that is, 10−12. Derived from the Spanish word pico, (peak, beak, little bit), pico is one of the original twelve prefixes defined in 1960 when the International System of Units (SI) was established. Atomic radii range from 28 picometers (pm) for helium to 260 pm for caesium. One picolight-year (ply) is about nine kilometers (six miles). Carbon atom has radius of 77 picometers.

Prompt: What metric prefix, denoting ten to the power of minus twelve, is named from Spanish meaning 'little bit'?

Answer: Pico


Context: Room 40 |  all those involved in interception learnt to recognise them and use a standardised way to write them. Ships were identified by a three-letter group beginning with a beta symbol. Messages not covered by the predetermined list could be spelled out using a substitution table for individual letters. The sheer size of the book was one reason it could not easily be changed, and the code continued in use until summer 1916. Even then, ships at first refused to use the new codebook because the replacement was too complicated, so the Flottenfunkspruchbuch (FFB) did not fully replace the SKB until May 1917. Doubts about the security of the

Prompt: What word makes new words as a prefix with the words cover, line, code and ship?

Answer: Hard (album)


Context: Europe |  The four largest urban areas of Europe are Istanbul, Moscow, London and Paris. All have over 10 million residents, and as such have been described as megacities. While Istanbul has the highest total city population, it lies partly in Asia, making Moscow the largest city entirely in Europe. The next largest cities in order of population are Saint Petersburg, Madrid, Berlin and Rome, each having over 3 million residents. When considering the commuter belts or metropolitan areas, within the EU (for which comparable data is available) Moscow covers the largest population, followed in order by Istanbul, London, Paris, Madrid, Milan, Ruhr Area, Saint Petersburg, Rhein-Süd, Barcelona and Berlin.

Prompt: What four countries have the largest populations in the world?

Answer: China, India, USA, Indonesia


Context: Surgeon |  In 1950, the Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS) in London began to offer surgeons a formal status via RCS membership. The title Mister became a badge of honour, and today, in many Commonwealth countries, a qualified doctor who, after at least four years' training, obtains a surgical qualification (formerly Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, but now also Member of the Royal College of Surgeons or a number of other diplomas) is given the honour of being allowed to revert to calling themselves Mr, Miss, Mrs or Ms in the course of their professional practice, but this time the meaning is different. It is sometimes assumed that the change of title implies consultant status (and

Prompt: The traditional 'badge of honour/honor' title for a fully qualified surgeon/medical consultant is?

Answer: Mister (Mr.)


Context: Candelabra |  This word originally came from Latin, in which candelabrum is the singular form and candelabra is the plural. Over time, English usage changed so that candelabra as the singular and candelabras as the plural is now the more common usage.

Prompt: According to Latin grammatical rules what is the singular of candelabra?

Answer: Candelabra tower


Context: Coupon | " Coca-Cola's 1888-issued ""free glass of"" is the earliest documented coupon. Coupons were mailed to potential customers and placed in magazines. It is estimated that between 1894 and 1913 one in nine Americans had received a free Coca-Cola, for a total of 8,500,000 free drinks. By 1895 Coke was served in every state in the United States. In 1929 Betty Crocker began a loyalty points program and began issuing coupons that could be used to redeem for premiums like free flatware. In 1937 the coupons were printed on the outside of packages. The loyalty program ended in 2006, one of the longest loyalty programs. In Australia consumers first came in contact with couponing when a company called Shopa Docket promoted offers and discounts on the back of shopping receipts in 1986."

Prompt: What corporation pioneered the use of coupons in consumer marketing, beginning in 1887, so that by 1913 over eight million Americans had sampled its product for free?

Answer: Coca-Cola (soft drink)


Context: Howard Staunton Memorial Tournament | " 2003 at Simpson's-in-the-Strand, London, England to mark its 175th birthday; subsequent editions were also held there. Simpson's-in-the-Strand is a restaurant which Staunton regularly visited in the 19th century to play and discuss chess (it was then a coffee house known as ""The Divan"" or ""Simpson's Divan""). In 1851, it was the venue of the famous ""Immortal Game"", played between Adolf Anderssen and Lionel Kieseritzky. The first three editions of the Staunton Memorial series had been played as a double round-robin of four, then six players in the third event (British players only). The fourth to sixth edition saw an expansion to twelve participants, contesting a single round robin. The 2006 Staunton Memorial (Ivan Sokolov won) was the strongest invitation tournament to be held in London since 1986. Michael Adams won in "

Prompt: 'The Immortal Game' between a Frenchman and a German in 1851 at Simpsons in London's Strand was contested in what discipline?

Answer: Chess match


Context: Sic bo | " Sic bo (骰寶), also known as tai sai (大細), dai siu (大小), big and small or hi-lo, is an unequal game of chance of ancient Chinese origin played with three dice. Grand hazard and chuck-a-luck are variants, both of English origin. The literal meaning of sic bo is ""precious dice"", while dai siu and dai sai mean ""big [or] small"". Sic bo is a casino game, popular in Asia and widely played (as dai siu) in casinos in Macau, Hong Kong. It is played in the Philippines as hi-lo. It was introduced to the United States by Chinese immigrants in the early 20th century, and can now be found in most American casinos. Since 2002, it can be played legally in licensed casinos in the United Kingdom. Gameplay involves betting that a certain condition (e.g. that all three dice will roll the same) will be satisfied by a roll of the dice."

Prompt: Sic Bo is a Chinese game of?


Context: Sic | " The Latin adverb sic (""thus"", ""just as""; in full: sic erat scriptum, ""thus was it written"") inserted after a quoted word or passage indicates that the quoted matter has been transcribed or translated exactly as found in the source text, complete with any erroneous, archaic, or otherwise nonstandard spelling, punctuation, or grammar. It also applies to any surprising assertion, faulty reasoning, or other matter that might be interpreted as an error of transcription. The typical usage is to inform the reader that any errors or apparent errors in quoted material do not arise from errors in the course of the transcription, but are intentionally reproduced, exactly as they appear in the source text. It is generally placed inside square brackets to indicate that it is not part of the quoted matter. Sic may also be inserted derisively or sarcastically, to call attention to the original writer's spelling mistakes or erroneous logic, or to show general disapproval or dislike of the material."

Prompt: What commonly used English Latin expression means literally 'so' or 'thus' or 'in this manner', and generally refers to a quoted error?

Answer: Sic, recte


Context: Actuary |  An actuary is a business professional who deals with the measurement and management of risk and uncertainty. The name of the corresponding field is actuarial science. These risks can affect both sides of the balance sheet and require asset management, liability management, and valuation skills. Actuaries provide assessments of financial security systems, with a focus on their complexity, their mathematics, and their mechanisms. While the concept of insurance dates to antiquity, the concepts needed to scientifically measure and mitigate risks have their origins in the 17th century studies of probability and annuities. Actuaries of the 21st century require analytical skills, business knowledge, and an understanding of human behavior and information systems to design and manage programs that control risk. The actual steps needed to become an actuary are usually country-specific; however, almost all processes share a rigorous schooling or examination structure and take many years to complete. The profession has consistently been ranked as one of the most desirable. In various studies, being an actuary was ranked number one or two multiple times since 2010 and in the top 20 for most of the past decade.

Prompt: An actuary specialises in assessing?

Answer: Insurance risks


Context: Female genital mutilation in Nigeria |  and 49 were victims of FGM, as of 2012. In the last 30 years, prevalence of the practice has decreased by half in some parts of Nigeria. In May 2015, then President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan signed a federal law banning FGM. Opponents of the practice cite this move as an important step forward in Africa, as Nigeria is the most populous country and has set an important precedent. Though the practice has declined, activists and scholars say a cultural shift is necessary to abolish the practice, as the new law will not singularly change the wider violence against women in Nigeria.

Prompt: The outlawing and monitoring of human self-bone-breaking and self-mutilation became a priority where in 2012?

Answer: London 2012 Paralympics


Context: Axis powers |  In addition to the three major Axis powers, six other countries signed the Tri-Partite Pact as its member states. Of the additional countries, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, the Independent State of Croatia, and Slovakia participated in various Axis military operations with their national armed forces, while the sixth, Yugoslavia, saw its pro-Nazi government overthrown earlier in a coup merely days after it signed the Pact, and the membership was reversed.

Prompt: What main three countries constituted the Axis Powers?

Answer: Germany, Japan, Italy


Context: Beer in England |  of ales that were subject to long aging, which was considered a desirable attribute of premium ales. The dark colour characteristic of modern-day milds can come from either the use of roast malt or caramelised sugars, or more commonly, both. These ingredients lead to differences in flavour characteristics. Mild is often thought to be partly a survival of the older style of hop-less brewing (hops were introduced in the 16th century), partly as a cheaper alternative to bitter (for a long time mild was a penny a pot, and bitter beer tuppence), and partly a sustaining but relatively unintoxicating beverage suitable for lunchtime drinking by manual workers. But in reality, mild was probably not hopped

Prompt: What traditional dark ale is said to derive from its consumption by early 1700s doormen and bag-carrying street workers?

Answer: Portress


Context: Isotopes of lead |  Lead (82Pb) has four stable isotopes: 204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb. Lead-204 is entirely a primordial nuclide and is not a radiogenic nuclide. The three isotopes lead-206, lead-207, and lead-208 represent the ends of three decay chains: the uranium series (or radium series), the actinium series, and the thorium series, respectively; a fourth decay chain, the neptunium series, terminates with the thallium isotope 205Tl. The three series terminating in lead represent the decay chain products of long-lived primordial 238U, 235U, and 232Th, respectively. However, each of them also occurs, to some extent, as primordial isotopes that were made in supernovae, rather than radiogenically as daughter products. The fixed ratio of lead-204 to the primordial amounts of the other lead isotopes may be used as the baseline to estimate the extra amounts of radiogenic lead present in rocks as a result of

Prompt: The four radioactive series titled Thorium, Neptunium, Radium/Uranium and Actinium all decay eventually to stable isotopes of what element?

Answer: Atomic number 82


Context: Renault | " Renault's first badge was introduced in 1900 and consisted of the Renault brothers' intertwined initials. When the company started mass production in 1906, it adopted a gear-shaped logo with a car inside it. After World War I the company used a logo depicting an FT tank. In 1923 it introduced a new circle-shaped badge, which was replaced by the ""diamond"" or lozenge in 1925. The lozenge of Renault means a diamond that expresses the brand's firm desire to project a strong and consistent corporate image. The Renault diamond logo has been through many iterations. To modernise its image, Renault asked Victor Vasarely to design its new logo in 1972. The transformed logo maintained the diamond shape. "

Prompt: What automotive manufacturer's badge logo has since 1925 featured a diamond, mostly as an 'impossible optical illusion' geometric 3D frame?

Answer: Renault S.A.


Context: Herpangina | " The term is derived from Greek herp 'creeping, snakelike' and Latin angina 'quinsy', literally ""inflammation or swelling of the throat or part of the throat, esp. tonsillitis""."

Prompt: What medical word refers to an inflamed throat, from the Greek word for throat?

Answer: Acute catarrhal pharyngitis


Context: Darryn Lyons |  Lily Allen, JK Rowling, Hugh Grant and Elizabeth Hurley. Big Pictures also ran a Mr Paparazzi website and YouTube channel from 2007 to 2013, featuring celebrity news, photos and videos In 2012, Big Pictures was placed into administration after facing financial difficulties, with all staff members of the company being made redundant. Lyons subsequently established the Mr Paparazzi Celebrity Deals company and became a shareholder of another firm called BPGG Limited, facilitating the purchase of Big Pictures' assets for £164,000. Big Pictures went into liquidation in 2013, owing more than £82,000 to photographers and picture agencies. In 2013, Lyons announced plans to launch an online celebrity stock photographic agency called Celebstock, however these plans did not eventuate.

Prompt: The flamboyant Australian Darren Lyons controversially bought back his bankrupt agency business assets in 2012 to continue trading in what industry?

Answer: Paparazzi pictures


Context: History of the Caribbean |  Haiti, the former French colony of Saint-Domingue on Hispaniola, was the first Caribbean nation to gain independence from European powers in 1804. This followed 13 years of war that started as a slave uprising in 1791 and quickly turned into the Haitian Revolution under the leadership of Toussaint l'Ouverture, where the former slaves defeated the French army (twice), the Spanish army, and the British army, before becoming the world's first and oldest black republic, and also the second-oldest republic in the Western Hemisphere after the United States. This is additionally notable as being the only successful slave uprising in history. The remaining two-thirds of Hispaniola were conquered by Haitian forces in 1821. In

Prompt: What Caribbean nation is considered the first black-led republic in the world?

Answer: Haitian Ancestry


Context: Dark store | " The term dark store, dark shop, dark supermarket or dotcom centre refers to a retail outlet or distribution centre that caters exclusively for online shopping. A dark store is generally a large warehouse that can either be used to facilitate a ""click-and-collect"" service, where a customer collects an item they have ordered online, or as an order fulfilment platform for online sales. The format was initiated in the United Kingdom, and its popularity has also spread to France followed by the rest of the European Union and Russia, as well as to the United States. many companies were competing to provide rapid delivery of groceries. Most are financed by venture capital, and are fighting for market share and prepared to make initial large losses in doing so. Professor Annabelle Gawer, director of the Centre of Digital Economy at the University of Surrey, pointed out that the industry being disrupting is not food supply, but local delivery, but ""delivery has never been a profitable industry""."

Prompt: The retail expression 'Dark Store' refers to a shop premises designed/converted for what purpose?

Answer: Online fulfillment


Context: The Communist Manifesto | " milieu, the actual and analytically more interesting German phrase (""dem Idiotismus des Landlebens entrissen"") referred not to ""stupidity"" but to ""the narrow horizons"", or ""the isolation from the wider society"" in which people in the countryside lived. It echoed the original meaning of the Greek term idiotes from which the current meaning of ""idiot"" or ""idiocy"" is derived, namely ""a person concerned only with his own private affairs and not with those of the wider community"". In the course of the decades since the 1840s, and in movements whose members, unlike Marx, were not classically educated, the original sense was lost and was misread."""

Prompt: The word milieu refers to a person's?

Answer: Sociocultural context


Context: Lysergic acid diethylamide |  Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), also known colloquially as acid, is a psychedelic drug. Effects typically include intensified thoughts, emotions, and sensory perception. At sufficiently high dosages LSD manifests primarily visual, as well as auditory, hallucinations. Dilated pupils, increased blood pressure, and increased body temperature are typical. Since LSD binds to dopamine receptors in addition to serotonin receptors its effects are also more energetic and fast-paced compared to psychedelics such as psilocybin, which is not a dopamine agonist. Effects typically begin within half an hour and can last for up to 20 hours. LSD is also capable of occasioning mystical experiences and ego dissolution, albeit

Prompt: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide is better known by what abbreviated name?

Answer: LSD 25


Context: Reeding | " In numismatics, reeded edges are often referred to as ""ridged"" or ""grooved"" (American usage), or ""milled"" (British usage). Some coins, such as United States quarters and dimes, 1 euro, Australian 5, 10, 20 cents, 1 and 2 dollars, as well many other current coins, have reeded edges. One reason for having reeded edges was to prevent counterfeiting. Some gold and silver coins were reeded to discourage clipping, i.e. scraping off the precious metals from the edge of the coin, to maintain its stated value in precious metal. This practice was made more difficult through the implementation of reeding by Isaac Newton in 1698, during his time as warden of the Royal Mint. Another benefit of certain coins having reeded edges is that it helps enable different coin denominations to be easily identified and distinguished from each other by sense of touch alone. This dual purpose of reeding is sometimes made explicit on the milled edges of coins themselves. For example, many issuances of the British pound coin have historically had their edges inscribed with the Latin phrase '', an adaption from Vergilius' Aeneid meaning 'an ornament and a safeguard'."

Prompt: Where on a coin would 'reeding' be found?

Answer: Edge foundation


Context: Big five game |  In Africa, the Big Five game animals are the lion, leopard, black rhinoceros, African bush elephant, and the African buffalo. The term was coined by big-game hunters, and refers to the five most difficult animals in Africa to hunt on foot, but is now also widely used by safari tour operators. The 1990 and later releases of South African rand banknotes feature a different big-five animal on each denomination. Each of the big five are examples of charismatic megafauna, featuring prominently in popular culture, and are among the most famous of Africa's large animals. Countries where all can be found include Angola, Botswana, Zambia, Uganda, Namibia, South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Malawi.

Prompt: What African animals are traditionally considered the 'Big Five', originally the most difficult/dangerous to hunt on foot (one point each)?

Answer: Elephant, Rhinoceros, Lion, Leopard, Buffalo


Context: Embryo |  An embryo is the early stage of development of a multicellular organism. In general, in organisms that reproduce sexually, embryonic development is the part of the life cycle that begins just after fertilization and continues through the formation of body structures, such as tissues and organs. Each embryo starts development as a zygote, a single cell resulting from the fusion of gametes (i.e. the process of fertilization which is the fusion of a female egg cell and a male sperm cell). In the first stages of embryonic development, a single-celled zygote undergoes many rapid cell divisions, called cleavage, to form

Prompt: Name the earliest (post-gamete) developmental stage of the human embryo?

Answer: Zytgote


Context: 4-Chloromethcathinone |  Clephedrone is an Anlage I controlled drug in Germany. Sweden's public health agency suggested classifying 4-Chloromethcathinone (klefedron) as illegal narcotic on June 1, 2015. As of October 2015 4-CMC is a controlled substance in China. 4-CMC is considered a Schedule 1 substance in Virginia. In December 2019, the UNODC announced scheduling recommendations placing 4-CMC into Schedule II.

Prompt: Kraton, Salvia and 4-MEC are?

Answer: Recreational drug


Context: Mjölnir |  Mjölnir (, Old Norse: Mjǫllnir ) is the hammer of the thunder god Thor in Norse mythology, used both as a devastating weapon and as a divine instrument to provide blessings. The hammer is attested in numerous sources, including 11th century runic Kvinneby amulet, and the Poetic Edda, a collection of eddic poetry compiled in the 13th century, and the Prose Edda, a collection of prose and poetry compiled in the 13th century. The hammer was commonly worn as a pendant during the Viking Age in the Scandinavian cultural sphere, and Thor and his hammer occur depicted on a variety of objects from the archaeological record. Today the symbol appears in a wide variety of media and is again worn as a pendant by various groups, including adherents of modern Heathenry.

Prompt: What mythical god has a hammer called Miolnir (or Mjölnir, or other variants)?

Answer: Þór


Context: Bayeux Tapestry | "  The Bayeux Tapestry (, ; Tapisserie de Bayeux or La telle du conquest; Tapete Baiocense) is an embroidered cloth nearly 70 m long and 50 cm tall that depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England concerning William, Duke of Normandy, and Harold, Earl of Wessex, later King of England, and culminating in the Battle of Hastings. It is thought to date to the 11th century, within a few years after the battle. It tells the story from the point of view of the conquering Normans but is now agreed to have been made in England. According to Sylvette Lemagnen, conservator of the tapestry, in her 2005 book La Tapisserie de Bayeux: ""The Bayeux tapestry is one "

Prompt: Famously depicting the Norman Conquest of England, the Bayeux Tapestry is actually?

Answer: Embroidered Cloth


Context: Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe | The then-16 NATO members ; The eight former USSR republics that have territory west of the Urals, and the other six former Warsaw Treaty members. These former USSR republics include Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine. The six Warsaw Treaty members include: Bulgaria, Czechia and Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania. The former non-USSR Warsaw Treaty members (but Albania) and the three Baltic states became NATO members in 1999 or 2004. In 1994 several former USSR republics formed the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO). As of 2019 the following countries are CSTO members: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Russia. In 1991 the USSR and the Warsaw Treaty dissolved and Czechoslovakia was in the middle of splitting into the Czechia and Slovakia, which explains why the treaty was ratified by 30 rather than 22 states: The treaty entered into force on July 17, 1992.

Prompt: Name the eight member states of the Warsaw Pact treaty?

Answer: Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Soviet Union


Context: Horizontal integration |   Horizontal integration is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain. A company may do this via internal expansion, acquisition or merger. The process can lead to monopoly if a company captures the vast majority of the market for that product or service. Horizontal integration contrasts with vertical integration, where companies integrate multiple stages of production of a small number of production units.

Prompt: '(What?) integration' refers to a corporation acquiring or otherwise taking control of connecting activity/ies in a supply chain?

Answer: Vertical (disambiguation)


Context: 2012 Summer Olympics | " During the lead-up to the Games, there were controversies over sponsorship, the athletes' use of social media, and several political issues. After a complicated lottery process, thousands of people failed to secure seats for the events they wanted, but a large number of empty seats were observed throughout the Games, even at some of the most popular events. There was speculation that this was due to a failure of corporate sponsors to make use of tickets they had received. During the Games, eight competitors in the badminton women's doubles were disqualified for ""not using best efforts"", when they tried to lose matches in the group stage to obtain more favourable fixtures "

Prompt: "What event in the 2012 Olympics saw eight competitors disqualified for ""not using best efforts""?"

Answer: Rules of badminton


Context: 2012 French Open – Men's Singles |  Two-time defending champion Rafael Nadal successfully defended his title, defeating Novak Djokovic in the final, 6–4, 6–3, 2–6, 7–5 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2012 French Open. It was his record-breaking seventh French Open title and eleventh major title overall, surpassing Björn Borg's record of six French Open titles and equaling Pete Sampras' Wimbledon record for the most men's singles titles at one major and Chris Evert's record for the most French Open singles titles. Djokovic had the chance to become the first man since Rod Laver in 1969 to hold all four major titles at once, having won the previous year's Wimbledon and US Open titles as well as this year's Australian Open (all won over Nadal in the final). It was Djokovic's fourth consecutive loss

Prompt: Who won his seventh French Open Tennis Championship in 2012?

Answer: Rafael %22Rafa%22 Nadal Parera


Context: Sainsbury's |  arrangement in late 1995 with Supermarket Direct made Sainsbury's the first major grocery retailer in the UK to offer a home delivery service. In May 1996, the company reported its first fall in profits for 22 years. David Sainsbury announced management changes, involving the appointment of two chief executives, one in charge of supermarkets within the United Kingdom (Dino Adriano) and the other responsible for Homebase, and the United States (David Bremner). Finally, in 1998, David Sainsbury himself resigned from the company to pursue a career in politics. He was succeeded as non executive chairman by George Bull, who had been chairman of Diageo, and Adriano was promoted to be Group Chief Executive.

Prompt: In 2012 which vast multinational supermarket corporation recorded its first fall in profits since 1994?

Answer: Tesco direct


Context: History of the England national football team |  On 8 February, the FA confirmed that Capello had resigned from the manager's job with immediate effect. On the same day, the Tottenham Hotspur manager Harry Redknapp was cleared of charges for tax evasion, and he was immediately linked with the vacant role. Capello's former assistant Stuart Pearce took charge for the rescheduled friendly against the Netherlands, which England lost 3–2, with Scott Parker taking the temporary role as captain. On 1 May 2012, the FA announced that Roy Hodgson would take over as manager of the team. Gerrard was promoted back to the captaincy when the provisional squad for the European Championships

Prompt: Which English football manager was acquitted of tax evasion charges Jan 2012?

Answer: 'Arry Redknapp


Context: Charles Taylor (Liberian politician) | " The verdict was announced in Leidschendam on 26 April 2012. The SCSL unanimously ruled that he was guilty of all 11 counts of ""aiding and abetting"" war crimes and crimes against humanity, making him the first (former) head of state to be convicted by an international tribunal since Karl Dönitz at the Nuremberg Trials. Taylor was charged with: At his trial, Taylor claimed that he was a victim, denied the charges and compared his actions of torture and crimes against humanity to the actions of George W. Bush in the War on Terror. Sentencing hearings commenced on 3 May and were announced on 30 May. Taylor was sentenced to 50 years in prison. He was about 64 years of age at the time of sentencing, making his sentence effectively a de facto life sentence. His sentence was upheld on appeal. Sierra Leone's government described the sentence as ""a step forward as justice has been done, though the magnitude of the sentence is not commensurate with the atrocities committed"". Taylor appealed against the verdict, but on 26 September 2013 Appeals Chamber of the Special Court confirmed his guilt and the penalty of 50 years in prison."

Prompt: In 2012 which former Liberian president was found guilty of crimes against humanity?

Answer: Chuck Taylor


Context: Americas |  In exports and imports, in 2020, the United States was the world's second largest exporter (US$1.64 trillion) and the largest importer (US$2.56 trillion). Mexico was the tenth largest exporter and importer. Canada was the twelfth largest exporter and importer. Brazil was the 24th largest exporter and the 28th largest importer. Chile was the 45th largest exporter and the 47th largest importer. Argentina was the 46th largest exporter and the 52nd largest importer. Colombia was the 54th largest exporter and the 51st largest importer; among others. The agriculture of the continent is very strong and varied. Countries such as United States, Brazil, Canada, Mexico

Prompt: In 2012 what nation is the world's second-largest economy, the largest exporter and second-largest importer?

Answer: Chinese People's Republic


Context: London After Midnight (film) |  In 2014, the only contemporary poster known to exist for the film was sold in Dallas, Texas, to an anonymous bidder for $478,000, making it the most valuable movie poster ever sold at public auction. This bidder was later revealed to be Metallica guitarist Kirk Hammett. The poster is in his displayed collection at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto. (The 1932 film The Mummy held the previous record for a poster's sale at public auction, selling for more than $453,000 in 1997.)

Prompt: What cartoon character featured on a $100,000 auctioned poster in Texas, Nov 2012?

Answer: Mickey Mouse Operation


Context: Pope Benedict XVI | " Ratzinger chose the pontifical name Benedict, which comes from the Latin word meaning ""the blessed"", in honour of both Benedict XV and Saint Benedict of Nursia. Benedict XV was pope during the First World War, during which time he passionately pursued peace between the warring nations. St. Benedict of Nursia was the founder of the Benedictine monasteries (most monasteries of the Middle Ages were of the Benedictine order) and the author of the Rule of Saint Benedict, which is still the most influential writing regarding the monastic life of Western Christianity. The Pope explained his choice of name during his first general audience in St. Peter's "

Prompt: The name Benedict, as used by popes, etc., is from the Latin meaning?

Answer: The Blessed


Context: Hair follicle |  The telogen phase is the resting phase of the hair follicle. When the body is subjected to extreme stress, as much as 70 percent of hair can prematurely enter the telogen phase and begin to fall, causing a noticeable loss of hair. This condition is called telogen effluvium. The club hair is the final product of a hair follicle in the telogen stage, and is a dead, fully keratinized hair. Fifty to one-hundred club hairs are shed daily from a normal scalp.

Prompt: In hairdressing what generally is the final stage of a hair perming process?

Answer: Neutralisation (immunology)


Context: Door handle bacteria | "Norovirus, a common cause of food poisoning and acute gastroenteritis in humans; ; Sapovirus, formerly called ""Sapporo-like virus"" (SLV) and sometimes referred to as classic or typical calicivirus, which can also cause gastroenteritis in humans; ; Vesivirus, the swine vesicular exanthema virus; and ; Lagovirus, the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus. The calicivirus, which causes the very common stomach flu, can live for days or weeks depending on the surrounding conditions. This virus belongs to the family Caliciviridae, which includes other viruses such as: Each of these viruses can survive for various durations depending on the surrounding conditions (room temperature, humidity, etc.) on door handles. While most of these can be prevented through simple hand washing, in public places this is much more difficult resulting in significant spread."

Prompt: Norovirus causes illness in humans described by what body part?

Answer: Gastro-esophageal junction


Context: Bet (letter) |   In the Syriac alphabet, the second letter is ܒ — Beth (ܒܝܼܬ). It is one of six letters that represents two associated sounds (the others are Gimel, Dalet, Kaph, Pe and Taw). When Beth has a hard pronunciation (qûššāyâ) it is a b]. When Beth has a soft pronunciation (rûkkāḵâ) it is traditionally pronounced as a v], similar to its Hebrew form. However, in eastern dialects, the soft Beth is more often pronounced as a w], and can form diphthongs with its preceding vowel. Whether Beth should be pronounced as a hard or soft sound is generally determined by its context within a word. However, wherever it is traditionally geminate within a word, even in dialects that no longer distinguish double consonants, it is hard. In the West Syriac dialect, some speakers always pronounce Beth with its hard sound. Beth, when attached to the beginning of a word, represents the preposition 'in, with, at'. As a numeral, the letter represents the number 2, and, using various systems of dashes above or below, can stand for 2,000 and 20,000.

Prompt: Aleph, Beth, Gimel, Daleth are A B C D in which language?

Answer: Hebraic language


Context: Scrying | " The media most commonly used in scrying are reflective, refractive, translucent, or luminescent surfaces or objects such as crystals, stones, or glass in various shapes such as crystal balls, mirrors, reflective black surfaces such as obsidian, water surfaces, fire, or smoke, but there is no special limitation on the preferences or prejudices of the scryer; some may stare into pitch dark, clear sky, clouds, shadows, or light patterns against walls, ceilings, or pond beds. Some prefer glowing coals or shimmering mirages. Some simply close their eyes, notionally staring at the insides of their own eyelids, and speak of ""eyelid scrying"". Scrying media generally either suggest images directly (such as figures in fire, "

Prompt: Scrying commonly entails the use of a?

Answer: Crystal ball


Context: Interlingual machine translation | " The first ideas about interlingual machine translation appeared in the 17th century with Descartes and Leibniz, who came up with theories of how to create dictionaries using universal numerical codes. Others, such as Cave Beck, Athanasius Kircher and Johann Joachim Becher worked on developing an unambiguous universal language based on the principles of logic and iconographs. In 1668, John Wilkins described his interlingua in his ""Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language"". In the 18th and 19th centuries many proposals for ""universal"" international languages were developed, the most well known being Esperanto. That said, applying the idea of a universal language to machine translation did not appear in any of the first significant approaches. "

Prompt: What language was first to be represented in dictionaries and related language theory?

Answer: Chineſe


Context: Sargasso Sea |  Owing to surface currents, the Sargasso accumulates a high concentration of non-biodegradable plastic waste. The area contains the huge North Atlantic garbage patch. Several nations and nongovernmental organizations have united to protect the Sargasso Sea. These organizations include the Sargasso Sea Commission established 11 March 2014 by the governments of the Azores (Portugal), Bermuda (United Kingdom), Monaco, the United Kingdom and the United States. Bacteria that consume plastic have been found in the plastic-polluted waters of the Sargasso Sea; however, it is unknown whether these bacteria ultimately clean up poisons or simply spread them elsewhere in the marine microbial ecosystem. Plastic debris can absorb toxic chemicals from ocean pollution, potentially poisoning anything that eats it.

Prompt: How many countries border the Sargasso Sea?

Answer: None


Context: Large quasar group |  On January 11, 2013, the discovery of the Huge-LQG was announced by the University of Central Lancashire, as the largest known structure in the universe by that time. It is composed of 74 quasars and has a minimum diameter of 1.4 billion light-years, but over 4 billion light-years at its widest point. According to researcher and author, Roger Clowes, the existence of structures with the size of LQGs was believed theoretically impossible. Cosmological structures had been believed to have a size limit of approximately 1.2 billion light-years.

Prompt: (When discovered Jan 2013) the largest known structure in the universe - a large quasar group named 'Huge-LQG' - would take how many years to cross if travelling at the speed of light?

Answer: 4 billion


Context: Association rule learning |  Eclat (alt. ECLAT, stands for Equivalence Class Transformation) is a depth-first search algorithm based on set intersection. It is suitable for both sequential as well as parallel execution with locality-enhancing properties.

Prompt: The word éclat refers to a?

Answer: Brilliant display


Context: Boilerplate text | " In contract law, the term ""boilerplate language"" or ""boilerplate clause"" describes the parts of a contract that are considered standard. A standard form contract or boilerplate contract is a contract between two parties, where the terms and conditions of the contract are set by one of the parties, and the other party has little or no ability to negotiate more favorable terms and is thus placed in a ""take it or leave it"" position. Boilerplate language may also exist in pre-created form letters. The person sending the form letter then usually only needs to add his or her name at the end of the pre-written greeting and body."

Prompt: What term, for a standard section of pre-used text or clause in a contract, or an existing pre-used section of standard code in computing, derives from industrial sheet metal fabrication and labelling?

Answer: Boilerplates


Context: Horned God | " In the popular video game Morrowind, its expansion Bloodmoon has a plot enemy known as Hircine, the Daedric god of the Hunt, who appears as a horned man with the face of a deer skull. He condemned his ""hounds"" (werewolves) to walk the mortal ground during the Bloodmoon until a champion defeats him or Bloodmoon falls. When in combat, Hircine appears as a horned wolf or bear. The 1992 Discworld novel Lords and Ladies, by Terry Pratchett, features a King of the Elves who is strongly reminiscent of the Horned God. Although not worshipped by the witches who are the heroines of the book (indeed, quite the reverse), they temporarily ally themselves with him out of necessity."

Prompt: Hircine refers to being like or related to what creature?

Answer: Nanny goat


Context: Roman pizza | " the word ""scrocchiarella"", an onomatopoeic adjective in the Romanesco dialect. Roman pizza (Italian: pizza romana) is a style of pizza originating in Rome, but now widespread, especially in Central Italy. Unlike Neapolitan pizza, which is recognised under the European Union's Traditional Speciality Guaranteed scheme and by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage, there is currently no equivalent recognition for Roman style pizza, and correspondingly no officially agreed upon definition. There are two quite different styles of pizza which may be referred to as Roman pizza in Italy:  However, the naming of the latter style of pizza does not appear to be consistent across Italy, and in some parts of the country this may only be referred to as pizza bassa."

Prompt: The Italian word pizza originally referred to a?

Answer: A Pie


Context: Tritagonist |  In literature, the tritagonist or tertiary main character (from ) is the third most important character of a narrative, after the protagonist and deuteragonist. In ancient Greek drama, the tritagonist was the third member of the acting troupe. As a character, a tritagonist may act as the instigator or cause of the sufferings of the protagonist. Despite being the least sympathetic character of the drama, they occasion the situations by which pity and sympathy for the protagonist are excited.

Prompt: What Greek-based word is the second most important character in a drama, behind the protagonist?

Answer: Deutergonist


Context: List of English words of Malay origin | Agar (also 'agar-agar'): a gelatinous substance obtained from various kinds of red seaweed and used in biological culture media and as a thickener in foods. From Malay agar-agar, first known use was in 1813. ; Amok (also 'amuck' or ):out of control, especially when armed and dangerous; in a frenzy of violence, or on a killing spree, 'berserk', as in 'to run amok'. Adopted into English via Portuguese amouco, from Malay amok'' ('rushing in a frenzy'). Earliest known use was in 1665 as a noun denoting a Malay in a homicidal frenzy. ; Angraecum: New Latin modification of Malay anggěrik orchid. First known use was in 1805. ; Attap: From the Malay word atap (thatch). Thatch made in SE Asia from Nipa palm fronds.

Prompt: What Portuguese word for a frenzied homicidal Malay person entered English c.1600s referring especially to a 'running' rioting crowd?

Answer: Amok


Context: Apostle | " The term apostle is derived from Classical Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos), meaning ""one who is sent off"", from στέλλειν (""stellein""), ""to send"" + από (apó), ""off, away from"". The literal meaning in English is therefore an ""emissary"" (from the Latin mittere, ""to send"", and ex, ""from, out, off"". The word apostle has two meanings, the broader meaning of a messenger and the narrower meaning of an early Christian apostle directly linked to Jesus. The more general meaning of the word is translated into Latin as missiō, and from this word we get missionary. The term only occurs once in the Septuagint. But Walter Bauer in his Greek-English Lexicon of "

Prompt: The word apostle is derived from Greek 'apostolos' meaning?

Answer: The Messenger (album)


Context: Confit |  Confit of goose (confit d'oie) and duck (confit de canard) are usually prepared from the legs of the bird. The meat is salted and seasoned with herbs, and slowly cooked submerged in its own rendered fat (never to exceed 85 C), in which it is then preserved by allowing it to cool and storing it in the fat. Turkey and pork may be treated in the same manner. Meat confit is a specialty of the southwest of France (Toulouse, Dordogne, etc.) and is used in dishes such as cassoulet. Confit preparations originated as a means of preserving meat without refrigeration. In a restaurant context, confit is usually served after further preparation. Whole confit leg is baked to crisp the skin or added to a casserole type dish. Confit duck leg is used to make rillette.

Prompt: What is confit meat cooked and preserved in?

Answer: Fattyness


Context: Firefox OS |  In July 2012, Boot to Gecko was rebranded as 'Firefox OS', after Mozilla's well-known desktop browser, Firefox, and screenshots began appearing in August 2012. In September 2012, analysts Strategy Analysts forecast that Firefox OS would account for 1% of the global smartphone market in 2013 –, its first year of commercial availability. In February 2013, Mozilla announced plans for its global commercial roll-out of Firefox OS. Mozilla announced at a press conference before the start of Mobile World Congress in Barcelona that the first wave of Firefox OS devices would be available to consumers in Brazil, Colombia, Hungary, Mexico, Montenegro, Poland, Serbia, Spain and Venezuela. Mozilla also announced that LG Electronics, ZTE, Huawei and TCL Corporation had committed to making Firefox

Prompt: Which organization launched the Firefox smartphone operating system in 2013, targeting the developing world?

Answer: Mozillian


Context: Diffusion | " gradient. The word diffusion derives from the Latin word, diffundere, which means ""to spread out."" A distinguishing feature of diffusion is that it depends on particle random walk, and results in mixing or mass transport without requiring directed bulk motion. Bulk motion, or bulk flow, is the characteristic of advection. The term convection is used to describe the combination of both transport phenomena. If a diffusion process can be described by Fick's laws, it's called a normal diffusion (or Fickian diffusion); Otherwise, it's called an anomalous diffusion (or non-Fickian diffusion). When talking about the extent of diffusion, two length scales are used in two different scenarios: "

Prompt: What word features in most sciences and elsewhere technically referring, like its Latin origin, to a 'flow'?

Answer: Flux of a vector field


Context: Toilet circuit | The Barfly, Camden Town, London (opened 1996) ; Dublin Castle, Camden, London ; The Bull and Gate, London King Tut's Wah Wah Hut, Glasgow (opened 1990) TJ's, Newport (reopened 2018 as El Siecco's) ; Clwb Ifor Bach, Cardiff The New Adelphi Club, Hull (opened 1984) The Roadhouse, Manchester (closed 2015) ; The Zanzibar, Liverpool Jericho Tavern, Oxford ; The Zodiac, Oxford (became O2 Academy Oxford in 2007) Joiners Arms, Southampton ; The Wedgewood Rooms, Portsmouth ; The Fleece, Bristol Buzz Club, Aldershot (1985-1993) ; The Forum, Tunbridge Wells (opened 1993) ; The Square, Harlow (closed 2016) The Boardwalk, Sheffield (opened 1960s, closed 2010) ; The Leadmill, Sheffield (opened 1980) ; The Cockpit, Leeds (opened 1994, closed 2014) ; The Duchess of York, Leeds ; Fibbers, York Rock City, Nottingham (opened 1980) ; The Charlotte, Leicester (closed 2010) ; The Sugarmill, Stoke-on-Trent (opened 1995) ; Esquires, Bedford (opened 1990) ; The Victoria Inn, Derby The Waterfront, Norwich London  Scotland  Wales  North East  North West  Oxfordshire  South West  South East  Yorkshire  Midlands  East Anglia

Prompt: Charlotte, TJ's, Adelphi, Barfly; Joiners, and Forum are/were names in what UK market sector?

Answer: Muzic


Context: 2013 Superettan |  The match on 19 September 2013 at Tele2 Arena between Hammarby IF and GAIS was suspended after 57 minutes of play, following confrontations among the spectators. About 40 people made their way directly above the part of the stands where the GAIS supporters were and threw objects directed at them. Confrontations between the spectators then occurred at the southwest part of the arena, with no injuries requiring hospital care reported. About 20 to 25 minutes later, the match was resumed. GAIS filed an appeal for a 3–0 fixed result in their favour, but the appeal was rejected by the Swedish Football Association (SvFF). On 10 October 2013 the SvFF announced Hammarby IF was given a 250,000 SEK fine and that no attendance will be allowed for two upcoming home games.

Prompt: What caused a 34 minute suspension of play in the 2013 Superbowl?

Answer: Power failure


Context: Blue Lagoon (waterpark) |  Blue Lagoon was a themed water park at Dreamworld on the Gold Coast, Queensland. The area consisted of a large mountain which contained three water slides and two swimming pools. Blue Lagoon opened in 1983 along with Village Green. The area could be accessed via Gold Rush Country and Rocky Hollow. The Dreamworld Studios was located next to the area. Blue Lagoon served as Dreamworld's water park until 2006 when the area was closed months before the opening of WhiteWater World. The area is currently derelict with most of the mountain and 1 of the 3 water slides still remaining on site.

Prompt: Which country is famous for its Blue Lagoon hot springs bathing lake?

Answer: IJsland


Context: Aloha | " 1798 and up to 1978 where it was defined as a substitute for ""welcome"". Lorrin Andrews wrote the first Hawaiian dictionary, called A Dictionary of the Hawaiian Language. In it, he describes aloha as ""A word expressing different feelings: love, affection, gratitude, kindness, pity, compassion, grief, the modern common salutation at meeting; parting"". Mary Kawena Pukui and Samuel Hoyt Elbert's Hawaiian Dictionary: Hawaiian-English, English-Hawaiian also contains a similar definition. Anthropologist Francis Newton states that ""Aloha is a complex and profound sentiment. Such emotions defy definition"". Anna Wierzbicka concludes that the term has ""no equivalent in English"". The state of Hawaii introduced the Aloha Spirit law in 1986, which mandates that state officials and judges treat the public with Aloha."

Prompt: The technical Hawaiian-English word 'aa', commonly the first two-letter word in a dictionary, refers to?

Answer: ʻaʻa


Context: Erotes |  Hymenaeus (Ὑμεναιος) or Hymen (Ὑμην) was the god of weddings and marriage.

Prompt: The Greek god of marriage is?

Answer: Microperforate hymen


Context: Hydrogen chalcogenide |  Dihydrogen dichalcogenides have the chemical formula H2X2, and are generally less stable than the monochalcogenides, commonly decomposing into the monochalcogenide and the chalcogen involved. The most important of these is hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, a pale blue, nearly colourless liquid that has a lower volatility than water and a higher density and viscosity. It is important chemically as it can be either oxidised or reduced in solutions of any pH, can readily form peroxometal complexes and peroxoacid complexes, as well as undergoing many proton acid/base reactions. In its less concentrated form hydrogen peroxide has some major household uses, such as a disinfectant or for bleaching hair;

Prompt: Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) is one of several different forms of what commonly named chemical agent?

Answer: Bleaching powder


Context: The Pale Horseman |  word and launches a surprise attack. Everyone flees. Uhtred, Leofric, and Iseult hide in the fields until nightfall, when they enter Cippanhamm and rescue a friend, the whore Eanflæd, as well as a beautiful nun named Hild. The five of them wander for a few weeks until they reach the swamps of Athelney. At the edge of the marsh, Uhtred rescues a monk from Guthrum's men, only to discover that the monk is actually Alfred. After praying while Uhtred briefly consorts with childhood friends, the distraught King Alfred considers going into exile, but with Uhtred's encouragement, decides to stay and fight. For a few months, they hide in the swamp, spreading the word

Prompt: What word for a surprise attack originally referred to hiding in the woods?

Answer: Ambushes


Context: Parwan Detention Facility |  The Parwan Detention Facility (also called Detention Facility in Parwan or Bagram prison) is Afghanistan's main military prison. Situated next to the Bagram Air Base in the Parwan Province of Afghanistan, the prison was built by the U.S. during the George W. Bush administration. The Parwan Detention Facility, which housed foreign and local combatants, was maintained by the Afghan National Army. Once known as the Bagram Collection Point, initially it was intended to be a temporary facility. Nevertheless, it was used longer and handled more detainees than the U.S. Guantanamo Bay detention camp in Cuba. As of June 2011, the Parwan detention facility held 1,700 prisoners; there had been 600 prisoners under the Bush administration. None of the prisoners received prisoner of war status. Treatment of inmates at the facility came under scrutiny after two Afghan detainees died in the 2002 Bagram torture and prisoner abuse case. Their deaths were classified as homicides, and prisoner abuse charges were made against seven American soldiers. Concerns about lengthy detentions there prompted comparisons to U.S. detention centers in Guantanamo Bay in Cuba and Abu Ghraib in Iraq. Part of the internment facility was known as the black jail.

Prompt: Afghanistan's controversial Parwan Detention Facility is better known in the 'western world' by what name?

Answer: Begram


Context: Phlebitis |  Phlebitis or venitis is the inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs. It most commonly occurs in superficial veins. Phlebitis often occurs in conjunction with thrombosis and is then called thrombophlebitis or superficial thrombophlebitis. Unlike deep vein thrombosis, the probability that superficial thrombophlebitis will cause a clot to break up and be transported in pieces to the lung is very low.

Prompt: Phlebitis refers to inflammation of what part of the human body?

Answer: Vein valves


Context: Nick D'Aloisio |  Nicholas D'Aloisio (born 1 November 1995) is a British computer programmer and internet entrepreneur. He was the founder of Summly, a mobile app which automatically summarises news articles and other material, which was acquired by Yahoo for $30M, according to allthingsd.com, but the price wasn't officially disclosed. D'Aloisio was the youngest person to receive a round of venture capital in technology, at the age of 16. D'Aloisio was more recently the founder of a startup called Sphere that was acquired by Twitter in October 2021 for an undisclosed sum, and received $30M of venture capital investment from Index Ventures and Mike Moritz. He is also currently a student at Oxford University, where he graduated from the BPhil Programme in Philosophy in July 2021 and now is undertaking the PhD (DPhil) course. D'Aloisio has also had seven papers accepted for publication or revision & resubmission in peer-reviewed journals.

Prompt: Name the smartphone app devised by a London teenager bought by Yahoo for reportedly £18m in 2013?

Answer: Nick D'Aloisio-Montilla


Context: Google Glass | " Google Glass, or simply Glass, is a brand of smart glasses—an optical head-mounted display designed in the shape of a pair of glasses. It was developed by X (previously Google X) with the mission of producing a ubiquitous computer. Google Glass displays information in a smartphone-like, hands-free format. Wearers communicate with the Internet via natural language voice commands. Google started selling a prototype of Google Glass to qualified ""Glass Explorers"" in the US on April 15, 2013, for a limited period for $1,500, before it became available to the public on May 15, 2014. It had an integral 5 megapixel still/720p video camera. The headset received a great deal of criticism amid concerns that its use could violate existing privacy laws. On January 15, 2015, Google announced that it would stop producing the Google Glass prototype, to be continued in 2017 tentatively. In July 2017, Google announced the Google Glass Enterprise Edition. In May 2019, Google announced the Google Glass Enterprise Edition 2."

Prompt: What is the project/brand name for Google's computerized spectacles?

Answer: Optical glass


Context: Sicilian Mafia | " Cosa Nostra is not a monolithic organization, but rather a loose confederation of about one hundred groups known alternately as ""families"", ""cosche"", ""borgatas"", or ""clans."" (Despite the name, their members are generally not related by blood.) Each of these claims sovereignty over a territory, usually a town or village or a neighborhood of a larger city, though without ever fully conquering and legitimizing its monopoly of violence. For many years, the power apparatuses of the single families were the sole ruling bodies within the two associations, and they have remained the real centers of power even after superordinate bodies were created in the Cosa Nostra beginning in the late 1950s (the Sicilian Mafia Commission)."

Prompt: Cosa Nostra refers to what organization?

Answer: Mob (crime)


Context: No Name (brand) | "  In keeping with the generic nature of the product line, the original No Name packaging showed no branding – only text with a basic product description and name, such as ""freshly ground coffee"" or ""fabric softener,"" on a solid background. Years later, a ""No Name"" registered trademark appeared. While other generic lines presented their packaging as black on white, Toronto designer Don Watt chose black, boldface text in a Helvetica font, all lower case, on a bright yellow background, as a means of attracting the attention of shoppers. Throughout the 1980s, Loblaw continued to promote No Name as a value-oriented alternative to "

Prompt: The traditional logo of which famous pre-ground bean coffee is a white script lower-case four-letter name on a red square background?

Answer: Illycaffè S.p.A.


Context: British slang | " Someone of little worth, originally military slang. ; shit-faced : Drunk. ; shop : betray, tell on someone [the criminal was shopped to the police by his gang] ; skanky : Dirty, particularly of a marijuana pipe. However originally Jamaican Patois for lazy dancing or ""The Rasta Swagger"" as in Easy Skanking ; skint : Without money. ; slag : 1. Worthless or insignificant person. 2. Promiscuous woman or prostitute. ; slag off : A verbal attack. To criticise or slander. ; slap-head : A bald man. ; slapper : Promiscuous woman or prostitute. ; slash : Urinate, urination. ; sling one's hook : Go away. ; snog : French kiss, or any prolonged physical intimacy without undressing or sexual contact. ; sod : "

Prompt: The old British slang to 'shop' someone, meaning to betray someone, or inform an authority of someone's wrong-doing, derives from 'shop' meaning?

Answer: Penitentiary system


Context: Relative key | " To distinguish a minor key from its relative major, one can look to the first note/chord of the melody, which usually is the tonic or the dominant (fifth note); The last note/chord also tends to be the tonic. A ""raised 7th"" is also a strong indication of a minor scale (instead of a major scale): For example, C major and A minor both have no sharps or flats in their key signatures, but if the note G (the seventh note in A minor raised by a semitone) occurs frequently in a melody, then this melody is likely in A minor, instead of C major."

Prompt: In music theory what is the relative minor chord of C major?

Answer: G-double-sharp minor


Context: HTTP cookie | " The term ""cookie"" was coined by web-browser programmer Lou Montulli. It was derived from the term ""magic cookie"", which is a packet of data a program receives and sends back unchanged, used by Unix programmers."

Prompt: What popular computing term, originally prefixed 'magic-' and referring to a data packet sent and received unchanged by a computer program, lost its prefix when introduced to web terminology in 1994?

Answer: Cookies


Context: Carl Linnaeus bibliography |  The bibliography of Carl Linnaeus includes academic works about botany, zoology, nomenclature and taxonomy written by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778). Linnaeus laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature and is known as the father of modern taxonomy. His most famous works is Systema Naturae which is considered as the starting point for zoological nomenclature together with Species Plantarum which is internationally accepted as the beginning of modern botanical nomenclature.

Prompt: Swede Carl Linnaeus, 1707-78, considered the father of taxonomy of living things, is the lectotype (example specimen) for which species?

Answer: Modern humanity's origins


Context: Coconut shy |   In German-speaking countries the game of Dosenwerfen (throw cans) is popular for school parties as well as in professional stalls at fairgrounds. It involves throwing balls at stacks of empty tin cans. In France, a similar game known as Chamboule-Tout is frequently found at fun fairs.

Prompt: The German 'Dosenwerfen', the French 'Chamboule-tout', and the British 'Aunt Sally' are?

Answer: Unclassified game


Context: Bugle |  senior non-commissioned officer holding the rank of sergeant or above. The bugle has also been used as a sign of peace in the case of a surrender. In most military units, the bugle can be fitted with a small banner or tabard (occasionally gold fringed) with the arms of its reporting service branch or unit. In military tradition, the Last Post or Taps is the bugle call that signifies the end of the day's activities. It is also sounded at military funerals to indicate that the soldier has gone to his final rest and at commemorative services such as Anzac Day and Remembrance Day In Australia.

Prompt: What British army bugle call used at funerals originally signalled the end of the military day after final inspection?

Answer: Last Post


Context: Fortepiano | " ""Fortepiano"" is Italian for ""loud-soft"", just as the formal name for the modern piano, ""pianoforte"", is ""soft-loud"". Both are abbreviations of Cristofori's original name for his invention: gravicembalo col piano e forte, ""harpsichord with soft and loud"". The term fortepiano is somewhat specialist in its connotations, and does not preclude using the more general term piano to designate the same instrument. Thus, usages like ""Cristofori invented the piano"" or ""Mozart's piano concertos"" are currently common and would probably be considered acceptable by most musicians. Fortepiano is used in contexts where it is important to make the precise identity of the instrument clear, as in (for instance) ""a fortepiano recital by Malcolm Bilson"". The use of ""fortepiano"" to refer specifically to early pianos appears to be recent. Even the authoritative Oxford English Dictionary does not record this usage, noting only that ""fortepiano"" is ""an early name of the pianoforte"". During the age of the fortepiano, ""fortepiano"" and ""pianoforte"" were used interchangeably, as the OED's attestations show. Jane Austen, who lived in the age of the fortepiano, used ""pianoforte"" (also: ""piano-forte"", ""piano forte"") for the many occurrences of the instrument in her writings."

Prompt: Meaning 'quiet loud' what is the full modern Italian name for the piano?

Answer: Pianos


Context: Libretto | " A libretto (Italian for ""booklet"") is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or musical. The term libretto is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major liturgical works, such as the Mass, requiem and sacred cantata, or the story line of a ballet. Libretto (plural libretti ), from Italian, is the diminutive of the word libro (""book""). Sometimes other-language equivalents are used for libretti in that language, livret for French works, Textbuch for German and libreto for Spanish. A libretto is distinct from a synopsis or scenario of the plot, in that the libretto contains all the words and "

Prompt: What is the traditional Italian name for the text of an opera or musical?

Answer: Lobretto


Context: Hyacinthus orientalis |  In Greek mythology, Hyakinthos was a young man admired by Apollo and Zephyr, but killed by a discus in a jealous fight between the two gods; a flower was allegedly named after him when it sprang from his blood. However, Theophrastus describes both a cultivated and a wild plant called ὑάκινθος (hyakinthos), neither of which are considered to be the modern hyacinth.

Prompt: What hero from Greek mythology was killed by a discus thrown by Apollo, who then named a flower after him, made from his spilled blood?

Answer: Hyacinth


Context: Geography of New Caledonia |  The geography of New Caledonia (Nouvelle-Calédonie), an overseas collectivity of France located in the subregion of Melanesia, makes the continental island group unique in the southwest Pacific. Among other things, the island chain has played a role in preserving unique biological lineages from the Mesozoic. It served as a waystation in the expansion of the predecessors of the Polynesians, the Lapita culture. Under the Free French it was a vital naval base for Allied Forces during the War in the Pacific. The archipelago is located east of Australia, north of New Zealand, south of the Equator, and just west of Fiji and Vanuatu. New Caledonia comprises a main island, Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, and several smaller islands. Approximately half the size of Taiwan, the group has a land area of 18,575.5 km2. The islands have a coastline of 2,254 km. New Caledonia claims

Prompt: Which country since the late 1900s has governed/overseen the increasing independence of the New Caledonia archipelago, east of Australia?

Answer: La Republique francaise


Context: List of esters |  In chemistry, an ester is a chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group. Usually, esters are derived from a substitution reaction of carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Glycerides, which are fatty acid esters of glycerol, are important esters in biology, being one of the main classes of lipids, and making up the bulk of animal fats and vegetable oils. Esters with low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and found in essential oils and pheromones. Phosphoesters form the backbone of DNA molecules. Nitrate esters, such as nitroglycerin, are known for their explosive properties, while polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters usually have a sweet smell and are considered high-quality solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers. They are also one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market.

Prompt: What common chemical compound type, including many natural fats and essential oils, results from replacing the hydrogen of an acid by an alkyl or other organic group?

Answer: Diester


Context: Vaccine | " tens of thousands of lives and billions of dollars in healthcare costs each year."" The terms vaccine and vaccination are derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Edward Jenner (who both developed the concept of vaccines and created the first vaccine) to denote cowpox. He used the phrase in 1798 for the long title of his Inquiry into the Variolae vaccinae Known as the Cow Pox, in which he described the protective effect of cowpox against smallpox. In 1881, to honor Jenner, Louis Pasteur proposed that the terms should be extended to cover the new protective inoculations then being developed. The science of vaccine development and production is termed vaccinology."

Prompt: Which animal provided the etymological and scientific derivation of a 'vaccine'?


Context: Decorator crab |   Reviewing studies conducted by different authors, Hultgren and Stachowicz showed that some species are highly specialised in their choices of camouflage. For example, Pelia tumida decorates itself only with sponges; Macropodia rostrata and Libinia dubia choose the noxious alga Dictyota menstrualis in some places, while Inachus phalangium chooses the same alga for the most exposed parts of its body; and Stenocionops furcata selects the stinging sea anemone Calliactis tricolor for its carapace. The choice of noxious or stinging organisms as decorations implies that attaching them provides protection from predators by aposematism rather than by crypsis, and there is direct observational evidence for this, e.g. that octopuses in tanks avoided decorated crabs. The relationship of crab and organisms such as sea anemones used as decoration may be mutualistic, offering protection to the crab and food to the anemone.

Prompt: What highly durable footwear is used to name a species of bat and crab, alluding respectively to nose and body shapes?

Answer: Horse-Shoes


Context: Great Barrier Reef |  the age of the present, living reef structure at 6,000 to 8,000 years old. The shallow water reefs that can be seen in air-photographs and satellite images cover an area of 20,679 km2, most (about 80%) of which has grown on top of limestone platforms that are relics of past (Pleistocene) phases of reef growth. The remains of an ancient barrier reef similar to the Great Barrier Reef can be found in The Kimberley, Western Australia. The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area has been divided into 70 bioregions, of which 30 are reef bioregions. In the northern part of the

Prompt: Approximately how many years old is the living part of Australia's Great Barrier Reef?

Answer: twenty thousand


Context: Manneken Pis |  Manneken Pis is a landmark 61 cm bronze fountain sculpture in central Brussels, Belgium, depicting a puer mingens or naked little boy urinating into the fountain's basin. It was designed by the Brabantine sculptor Jérôme Duquesnoy the Elder and put in place in 1618 or 1619. The current statue is a replica which dates from 1965. The original is kept in the Brussels City Museum. Manneken Pis is one of the best-known symbols of Brussels and Belgium. It is also an example of belgitude (French; ), as well as of folk humour (zwanze) popular in Brussels. Manneken Pis is an approximate five minutes' walk from the Grand Place (Brussels' main square), at the junction of the Rue du Chêne/Eikstraat and the pedestrian Rue de l'Étuve/Stoofstraat. This site is served by the premetro (underground tram) station Bourse/Beurs (on lines 3 and 4), as well as the bus stops Grand Place/Grote Markt (on line 95) and Cesar de Paepe (on lines 33 and 48).

Prompt: What Belgian city boasts the famous urinating boy fountain called 'Manneken Pis'?

Answer: Bruselas


Context: Corner stitch | " The corner stitch is a common suture technique. It used to close wounds that are angled or Y-shaped without appreciably compromising blood supply to the wound tip. The corner stitch is a variation of the horizontal mattress stitch, and is sometimes called the ""half-buried horizontal mattress stitch"". The needle enters the skin on one side of the obtuse angle of the wound, passes through the deep dermis of the corner flap, and is re-inserted through the dermis of the other side of the obtuse wound angle. It finally re-emerges through the epidermis on the side of the obtuse angle, adjacent to the initial entry point."

Prompt: A neat bedsheet fold/tuck around a mattress corner is called a '(What?) corner', alluding to traditional method?

Answer: Medieval hospital


Context: Jean Metzinger | " Room 7 and 8. While Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque are generally acknowledged as the founders of the twentieth-century movement that became known as Cubism, it was Jean Metzinger, together with Albert Gleizes, that created the first major treatise on the new art-form, Du ""Cubisme"", in preparation for the Salon de la Section d'Or held in October 1912. Du ""Cubisme"", published the same year by Eugène Figuière in Paris, represented the first theoretical interpretation, elucidation and justification of Cubism, and was endorsed by both Picasso and Braque. Du ""Cubisme"", which preceded Apollinaire's well known essays, Les Peintres Cubistes (published "

Prompt: What highly influential movement of artwork is considered established by Picasso, Braque, Metzinger and others in Paris, 1911?

Answer: Analytical Cubism


Context: KuzeyDoğa |  wolves, primarily in collaboration with Josip Kusak of Zagreb University in Croatia. Animals are briefly and humanely anesthetized, fitted with temporary GPS/GSM collars and released unharmed.  These tracking collars, combined with information from wildlife cameras sprinkled across the region, allow KuzeyDoğa researchers to describe the movements and home ranges of these key members of the ecosystem over the course of many months. This is the primary information, which feeds into their wildlife corridor proposals. ; Ecological restoration (tied to wetland protection and bird migration): The organization's efforts include wetland restoration projects at Kafkas University and Lake Kuyucuk, in collaboration with Sean Anderson of California State

Prompt: What creatures were trained by Croatia's Zagreb university in 2013 to detect landmines?

Answer: Anthophila


Context: Damages (Jewish law) | " ""pit,"" ""chewer,"" and ""kindling."" Here the ""ox"" means an animal allowed to trespass on a stranger's land and do injury with its foot; the ""chewer,"" a like animal that does harm with its teeth. Both examples are derived from. The damage done may far surpass the gain to the owner of the animal. The ""pit"" refers to, the ""kindling"" to. Rav, a leading Babylonian authority, understood the ""ox"" among the ""fathers"" to embrace both the foot and tooth, and regards the word here rendered ""chewer"" as standing for man; for when a man himself commits an injury he is always mulcted in full damages."

Prompt: What homonymic word refers both to a pit and a hunted animal?

Answer: Marble quarry


Context: Asante Ewer |  Only two similar jugs are known in the UK. All have similar shapes, bear inscriptions in English with similar lettering, and were made from leaded bronze, an alloy of copper, tin and lead, cast in a two-part mould in a similar manner using bronze spacers to separate the inner and outer moulds, with similar heraldic decorative motifs. The Asante jug is the largest, and the only one to retain its lid. Of the other two jugs, the smallest is Wenlok jug in Luton: it was sold by Alexander Fermor-Hesketh, 3rd Baron Hesketh in 2005. The third is the Robinson jug, which was found in a farmhouse in Norfolk in the 1879 and is now in the collection of the Victoria & Albert Museum. The other two have fittings for a hinged

Prompt: A ewer is a large?

Answer: Toby jugs


Context: Peace symbols | " (""olive branch""), possibly reflecting the Christian equivalence between the peace brought by baptism and peace brought by the ending of the Flood. By the fifth century, St Augustine confirmed the Christian adoption of the olive branch as a symbol of peace, writing that, ""perpetual peace is indicated by the olive branch (Latin: oleae ramusculo) that the dove brought with it when it returned to the ark."" Medieval illuminated manuscripts, such as the Holkham Bible, showed the dove returning to Noah with a branch. Wycliffe's Bible, which translated the Vulgate into English in the 14th century, uses ""a braunche of "

Prompt: What plant, named Olea europaea, is an ancient widely used metaphor for peace?

Answer: Olives


Context: Pakora |  Pakora is a spiced fritter originating from the Indian subcontinent,  sold by street vendors and served in restaurants in South Asia and worldwide. It consists of items, often vegetables such as potatoes and onions, coated in seasoned gram flour batter and deep fried. The pakora is known also under other spellings including pikora, pakoda, pakodi and regional names such as bhaji, bhajiya, bora, ponako  and chop.

Prompt: In Indian cuisine, the term pakora refers to what aspect of meat/vegetable cooking?

Answer: Deep-fried in batter


Context: Concerns and controversies at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games | " leave the ground at the same time. The rules also state that the front leg must straighten when it makes contact with the ground. A violation may be cautioned with a yellow paddle, while repeat violations may be met with a red card. Three red cards, from three different judges, will result in a competitor's disqualification. Pictures allegedly showed Elena Goh violating both of these rules. Meanwhile, the runner-up Phan Thị Bích Hà said to the media that, ""It's too frustrating. But I couldn't do anything. As a competitor, I won't make any comment. But everyone can clearly see what happened on the track"". "

Prompt: What Olympic event entails disqualification if both feet of a competitor are seen to be off the ground at the same time?

Answer: 5000 m walk


Context: Astronaut | "  A professional space traveler is called an astronaut. The first known use of the term ""astronaut"" in the modern sense was by Neil R. Jones in his 1930 short story ""The Death's Head Meteor"". The word itself had been known earlier; for example, in Percy Greg's 1880 book Across the Zodiac, ""astronaut"" referred to a spacecraft. In Les Navigateurs de l'Infini (1925) by J.-H. Rosny aîné, the word astronautique (astronautic) was used. The word may have been inspired by ""aeronaut"", an older term for an air traveler first applied in 1784 to balloonists. An early use of ""astronaut"" in a non-fiction publication "

Prompt: The 'naut' in the words 'astronaut' and 'aeronaut' meant originally what?

Answer: Merchant mariner


Context: Pentium |  During development, Intel generally identifies processors with codenames, such as Prescott, Willamette, Coppermine, Katmai, Klamath, or Deschutes. These usually become widely known, even after the processors are given official names on launch. The original Pentium-branded CPUs were expected to be named 586 or i586, to follow the naming convention of prior generations (286, i386, i486). However, as the firm wanted to prevent their competitors from branding their processors with similar names (as AMD had done with their Am486), Intel filed a trademark application on the name in the United States, but was denied because a series of numbers was considered to lack trademark distinctiveness. Following Intel's prior series of 8086, 80186, 80286, 80386, and 80486 microprocessors, the

Prompt: What is the Intel Corporation's famous and strangely apple-related processor brandname?

Answer: Core


Context: Leticia Van de Putte | " against Republican Rick Perry, but instead decided to run for re-election in the Texas Senate in June 2009. On 25 June 2013, Wendy Davis gave an 11-hour filibuster in an attempt to run out a special legislative session so that a vote could not be held on Texas Senate Bill 5. At about 15 minutes to midnight, Van de Putte confronted the Presiding Officer, State Senator Robert L. Duncan, a Republican from Lubbock, who she said had ignored her repeated motions earlier. Van de Putte asked him, ""at what point must a female senator raise her hand or her voice to be recognized over the male colleagues "

Prompt: In June 2013 US Texas State Senator Wendy Davis filibustered for 10 hours to obstruct Texas state laws concerning?

Answer: Abortion, Physical Effects of


Context: Superman |  In a contract dated 1 March 1938, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster gave away the copyright to Superman to their employer, DC Comics (then known as Detective Comics, Inc.) prior to Superman's first publication in April. Contrary to popular perception, the $130 that DC Comics paid them was for their first Superman story, not the copyright to the character — that, they gave away for free. This was normal practice in the comic magazine industry and they had done the same with their previous published works (Slam Bradley, Doctor Occult, etc.), but Superman became far more popular and valuable than they anticipated and they much regretted giving him away. DC

Prompt: The rights to which famous character were sold by creators Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster to Detective Comics for $130 in 1937?

Answer: Stalmannen


Context: Steeplejack |  A steeplejack is a craftsperson who scales buildings, chimneys, and church steeples to carry out repairs or maintenance. Steeplejacks erect ladders on church spires, industrial chimneys, cooling towers, bell towers, clock towers, or any other high structure. In the UK, steeplejacks now use a belay rope fall-arrest system (similar to the method used by rock climbers) attached to the ladders as they are erected to eliminate solo climbing and greatly reduce the risk of falls from height. Once ladders have been erected, the next stage is usually to suspend a bosun's chair (a strong wooden plank on which the steeplejack can sit, pull himself upwards or lower himself downwards, or sit in a stationary position), but abseiling (UK) or rappelling (US) equipment is replacing the bosun's chair on

Prompt: What is the traditional tradename for a person who works high up on church spires and chimneys?

Answer: Steeplejack


Context: List of English words of Hindi or Urdu origin | "Garam masala: from Hindi गरम मसाला and Urdu گرم مصالح garam masālā, literally ""hot ( = spicy) mixture"", from Persian گرم garm 'warm, hot' and Arabic مصالح maṣāliḥ 'benefits, requirements, ingredients'. ; Gavial: from Hindi ghaṛiyāl, घड़ियाल, ultimately derived from the Sanskrit word घण्टिक. ; Guru: from Hindi guru ""teacher, priest,"" from Sanskrit गुरु guru ""one to be honored, teacher,"" literally ""heavy, weighty."" ; Gymkhana : A term which originally referred to a place where sporting events take place and referred to any of various meets at which contests were held to test the skill of the competitors. In English-speaking countries, a gymkhana refers to a multi-game equestrian event performed to display the training and talents of horses and their rider [-khānā from Pers. khānāh خانه ""house, dwelling""] "

Prompt: What Indian Hindi-Urdu-derived word, orginally a place of assembly, refers in English to a multi-event equestrian contest, and in India to various sporting facilities?

Answer: Gymkana


Context: Military step | Quick March: This is an instruction to begin marching at the Quick March speed with the left foot. The standard pace is 116 beats per minute with a 30 inch step, with variations for individual regiments, the pace given by the commander, and the speed of the band's rhythm: British light infantry and rifle regiments, for example, Quick March at 140 beats per minute, a legacy of their original role as highly mobile skirmishers. Highland regiments, which march to bagpipe music, march at 112 paces per minute when with pipe bands solely, while on 120 when with military bands. ; Australian Army Quick Time

Prompt: Generally the standard steps per minute for a military 'quick march' pace is?

Answer: 120


Context: Clause IV |  Clause IV is part of the constitution of the Labour Party, which sets out the aims and values of the party. The original clause, adopted in 1918, called for common ownership of industry, and proved controversial in later years; Hugh Gaitskell attempted to remove the clause following Labour's loss in the 1959 general election. In 1995, under the leadership of Tony Blair, a new Clause IV was adopted. This was seen as a significant moment in Blair's redefinition of the party as New Labour, but has survived beyond the New Labour branding.

Prompt: The UK political Labour Party's famously controversial 1995 constitutional 'Clause IV' amendment mainly removed a commitment to?

Answer: Nationalization


Context: Abecedarius |   An abecedarius (also abecedary and abecedarian) is a special type of acrostic in which the first letter of every word, strophe or verse follows the order of the letters in the alphabet.

Prompt: The technical term abecedarian refers to what form of organization?

Answer: List of letters in the english language


Context: Taobao |  Taobao Marketplace had more than 5 million registered users as of June 2013 and hosted more than 80 million product listings. It facilitated approximately RMB 200 billion in gross merchandise volume in 2009. In September 2013, Taobao ranked 12th overall in Alexa's internet rankings. For the year ending March 31, 2013, the combined gross merchandise volume (GMV) of Taobao and Tmall.com combined exceeded RMB 1 trillion. As of 2021, Taobao was the 8th most visited website in the world and the 5th most visited website in China.

Prompt: The massively popular Chinese website Taobao.com (10th busiest globally at 2013) operates in which sector?

Answer: C2C shopping


Context: Tet Offensive | " The Tet Offensive (Sự kiện Tết Mậu Thân 1968,  ""Tet offensive of 1968"", also Tổng tiến công và nổi dậy, Tết Mậu Thân 1968, ""General offensive and uprising of Tet Mau Than"") was a major escalation and one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War. It was launched on January 30, 1968 by forces of the Viet Cong (VC) and North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) against the forces of the South Vietnamese Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), the United States Armed Forces and their allies. It was a campaign of surprise attacks against military "

Prompt: The word Tet in the Tet Offensive (N Vietnam/Viet Cong against S Vietnam/US forces on 30 Jan 1968) referred to the national?

Answer: New-year


Context: Es campur | " Es campur (Indonesian for ""mixed ice"") is an Indonesian cold and sweet dessert concoction of fruit cocktails, coconut, tapioca pearls, grass jellies, etc. served in shaved ice, syrup and condensed milk. In Indonesia, es campur is sold from humble traveling trolley to restaurants. For Indonesian Muslims, es campur and kolak are popular treats during Ramadan for iftar, often sold prior to breaking the fast. It is quite similar to es teler and es doger although with different content. The ingredients might vary, since the term campur means ""mix"". It may consists of coconut, sea weed, milk, syrup, jackfruit, and many others."

Prompt: What US term is a cocktail of spirit and fizzy mixer/water and ice, and slang verb for travel fast?

Answer: Caribou Lou


Context: Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington | " had refused in the strongest language to submit to blackmail. He was also a remarkably practical man who spoke concisely. In 1851, it was discovered that there were a great many sparrows flying about in the Crystal Palace just before the Great Exhibition was to open. His advice to Queen Victoria was ""Sparrowhawks, ma'am"". Wellington has often been portrayed as a defensive general, even though many, perhaps most, of his battles were offensive (Argaum, Assaye, Oporto, Salamanca, Vitoria, Toulouse). However, for most of the Peninsular War, where he earned his fame, his army lacked the numbers for a strategically offensive posture."

Prompt: "The Duke of Wellington's suggestion of ""Sparrowhawks"" to Queen Victoria was made in connection with the control of birds at which London building?"

Answer: Crystal Palace


Context: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (novel) | " The ""Babel fish"", a creature used in the novel that feeds on brainwaves and can instantly translate alien languages, inspired the name of Babel Fish, the first free online language translator, which launched in 1997. When Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster was launched into space on the maiden flight of the Falcon Heavy rocket in February 2018, it had the words DON'T PANIC on the dashboard display and carried amongst other items a copy of the novel and a towel."

Prompt: Babel Fish is an icon/metaphor/brand for instantaneous what?

Answer: Mistranslator


Context: First aid | Altitude sickness, which can begin in susceptible people at altitudes as low as 5,000 feet, can cause potentially fatal swelling of the brain or lungs. ; Anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition in which the airway can become constricted and the patient may go into shock. The reaction can be caused by a systemic allergic reaction to allergens such as insect bites or peanuts. Anaphylaxis is initially treated with injection of epinephrine. ; Battlefield first aid—This protocol refers to treating shrapnel, gunshot wounds, burns and bone fractures as seen either in the traditional battlefield setting or in an area subject to damage

Prompt: Anaphylaxis is what sort of life-threatening illness?

Answer: Allergy treatment


Context: Vimto |  Vimto was created in 1908 in Manchester by John Noel Nichols (1883–1966), a wholesaler of herbs, spices and medicines. He saw the market opening for soft drinks due to the temperance movement and the passage of the 1908 Licensing Act. It was originally sold under the name Vim Tonic, which Nichols shortened to 'Vimto' in 1912. Vimto was originally registered as a health tonic or medicine, which was then re-registered in 1913 as a cordial. In 1910, production moved to a warehouse at Chapel Street, Salford, then to Old Trafford in 1927, and finally, in 1971, to a state-of-the-art plant in Wythenshawe, Manchester. From the 1990s to 2003, Vimto print advertisements used the cartoon character Purple Ronnie, along with slightly rude poems by Giles Andreae, the creator of Purple Ronnie.

Prompt: What red fruit-juice-based drink whose name alludes to energy was first produced by John Noel Nichols in Manchester, 1908?

Answer: Vimpto


Context: History of games | " In colonial America, the game of Hazard was called crapaud by the French in New Orleans (a French word meaning ""toad"" in reference to the original style of play by people crouched over a floor or sidewalk). This was later shortened to craps and after several adaptations became the most popular gambling dice game in the United States. Sic bo was introduced into the United States by Chinese immigrants in the 20th century and is now a popular casino game. Another casino game, Roulette, has been played since the late 18th century, and was probably adapted from English wheel games such as Roly-Poly and E.O. With the possible exception of Carrom (a game whose origins are "

Prompt: What gambling game takes its name from French for toad, supposedly from players' hunched positions?

Answer: Hard Eight (craps)


Context: History of the British penny (1901–1970) | " introduce decimalisation in the 1960s did not favour keeping the large bronze penny, the value of which had been eroded by inflation. The last pennies which went into circulation were dated 1967—a final proof set was dated 1970. The old pennies quickly went out of use after Decimal Day, 15 February 1971—there was no exact decimal equivalent of them, and the slogan ""use your old pennies in sixpenny lots"" explained that pennies and ""threepenny bits"" were only accepted in shops if their total value was six old pence (exactly 2 1⁄2 new pence). The old penny was demonetised on 31 August of that year."

Prompt: The usage fee for what UK public provision remained at one penny from 1855 until decimalization in 1971?

Answer: Men's room


Context: Click fraud | " Click fraud is a type of fraud that occurs on the Internet in pay-per-click (PPC) online advertising. In this type of advertising, the owners of websites that post the ads are paid based on how many site visitors click on the ads. Fraud occurs when a person, automated script, computer program or an auto clicker imitates a legitimate user of a web browser, clicking on such an ad without having an actual interest in the target of the ad's link. Click fraud is the subject of some controversy and increasing litigation due to the advertising networks being a key beneficiary of the fraud. Media entrepreneur and journalist John Battelle describes click fraud as the intentionally malicious, ""decidedly black hat"" practice of publishers gaming paid search advertising by employing robots or low-wage workers to click on ads on their sites repeatedly, thereby generating money to be paid by the advertiser to the publisher and to any agent the advertiser may be using."

Prompt: A supplier of 'apparent' website visitors using low-paid workers to visit websites to post false comments/reviews or generate fraudulent PPC advertising revenues is called a?

Answer: Click Farm


Context: Polishing (metalworking) | " wheels attached to high speed polishing machines or electric drills. Lubricants like wax and kerosene may be used as lubricating and cooling media during these operations, although some polishing materials are specifically designed to be used ""dry."" Buffing may be done by hand with a stationary polisher or die grinder, or it may be automated using specialized equipment. When buffing there are two types of buffing motions: the cut motion and the color motion. The cut motion is designed to give a uniform, smooth, semi-bright surface finish. This is achieved by moving the workpiece against the rotation of the buffing wheel, "

Prompt: What body-part and lubricant are a traditional metaphor for physical effort such as scrubbing and polishing?

Answer: Elbow grease


Context: Music of Spain |   Though Andalusia is best known for flamenco music, there is also a tradition of gaita rociera (tabor pipe) music in western Andalusia and a distinct violin and plucked-string type of band music known as panda de verdiales in Málaga. Sevillanas is related to flamenco and most flamenco performers have at least one classic sevillana in their repertoire. The style originated as a medieval Castilian dance, called the seguidilla, which was adopted with a flamenco style in the 19th century. Today, this lively couples' dance is popular in most parts of Spain, though the dance is often associated with the city of Seville's famous Easter feria. The region has also produced singer-songwriters like Javier Ruibal and Carlos Cano (singer-songwriter), who revived a traditional music called copla. Catalan Kiko Veneno and Joaquín Sabina are popular performers in a distinctly Spanish-style rock music, while Sephardic musicians like Aurora Moreno, Luís Delgado and Rosa Zaragoza keep Andalusian Sephardic music alive.

Prompt: Which trade is historically associated with Flamenco music and dance?

Answer: Blacksmith shop


Context: Mining in Sweden |  The Kiruna Mine, the largest iron ore mine pit in Europe, plans to expand operations in the future. The nearby town of Kiruna would be endangered, however, if iron ore is extracted beneath it, which would cause instability in soil and building foundations. In order to resolve this problem, the mining company LKAB plans to move the entire town with its 18,000 people 3 km to the east. One building which will be moved during the relocation is Kiruna Church, a Gothic Revival building built in 1912. Many of the town's other buildings, however, will instead be demolished and rebuilt at a new location by LKAB.

Prompt: Which small north Sweden city famous for iron ore mining began a 20 year 'brick-by-brick' relocation to 2 miles away in 2004 due to fissures affecting its foundations?

Answer: Kiiruna


Context: Air transports of heads of state and government |  Ecuador has a Dassault Falcon 7X and an Embraer Legacy 600 for presidential long and short range transport respectively, both acquired in recent years by Rafael Correa's government. They replaced an older fleet of Rockwell Sabreliners and Avro 748s.

Prompt: Dassault, Embraer, Grob, and Sino Swearingen are makers of which high-end transport?

Answer: Executive jets