SurfSense/surfsense_backend/app/etl_pipeline/parsers/plaintext.py

def read_plaintext(file_path: str) -> str:
    with open(file_path, encoding="utf-8", errors="replace") as f:
        content = f.read()
    if "\x00" in content:
        raise ValueError(
            f"File contains null bytes — likely a binary file opened as text: {file_path}"
        )
    return content