"""
OAuth Security Utilities.

Provides secure state parameter generation/validation and token encryption
for OAuth 2.0 flows.
"""

import base64
import hashlib
import hmac
import json
import logging
import time
from random import SystemRandom
from string import ascii_letters, digits
from uuid import UUID

from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
from fastapi import HTTPException

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

_PKCE_CHARS = ascii_letters + digits + "-._~"
_PKCE_RNG = SystemRandom()


def generate_code_verifier(length: int = 128) -> str:
    """Generate a PKCE code_verifier (RFC 7636, 43-128 unreserved chars)."""
    return "".join(_PKCE_RNG.choice(_PKCE_CHARS) for _ in range(length))


def generate_pkce_pair(length: int = 128) -> tuple[str, str]:
    """Generate a PKCE code_verifier and its S256 code_challenge."""
    verifier = generate_code_verifier(length)
    challenge = (
        base64.urlsafe_b64encode(hashlib.sha256(verifier.encode()).digest())
        .decode()
        .rstrip("=")
    )
    return verifier, challenge


class OAuthStateManager:
    """Manages secure OAuth state parameters with HMAC signatures."""

    def __init__(self, secret_key: str, max_age_seconds: int = 600):
        """
        Initialize OAuth state manager.

        Args:
            secret_key: Secret key for HMAC signing (should be SECRET_KEY from config)
            max_age_seconds: Maximum age of state parameter in seconds (default 10 minutes)
        """
        if not secret_key:
            raise ValueError("secret_key is required for OAuth state management")
        self.secret_key = secret_key
        self.max_age_seconds = max_age_seconds

    def generate_secure_state(
        self, space_id: int, user_id: UUID, **extra_fields
    ) -> str:
        """
        Generate cryptographically signed state parameter.

        Args:
            space_id: The search space ID
            user_id: The user ID
            **extra_fields: Additional fields to include in state (e.g., code_verifier for PKCE)

        Returns:
            Base64-encoded state parameter with HMAC signature
        """
        timestamp = int(time.time())
        state_payload = {
            "space_id": space_id,
            "user_id": str(user_id),
            "timestamp": timestamp,
        }

        # Add any extra fields (e.g., code_verifier for PKCE)
        state_payload.update(extra_fields)

        # Create signature
        payload_str = json.dumps(state_payload, sort_keys=True)
        signature = hmac.new(
            self.secret_key.encode(),
            payload_str.encode(),
            hashlib.sha256,
        ).hexdigest()

        # Include signature in state
        state_payload["signature"] = signature
        state_encoded = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(
            json.dumps(state_payload).encode()
        ).decode()

        return state_encoded

    def validate_state(self, state: str) -> dict:
        """
        Validate and decode state parameter with signature verification.

        Args:
            state: The state parameter from OAuth callback

        Returns:
            Decoded state data (space_id, user_id, timestamp)

        Raises:
            HTTPException: If state is invalid, expired, or tampered with
        """
        try:
            decoded = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(state.encode()).decode()
            data = json.loads(decoded)
        except Exception as e:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=400, detail=f"Invalid state format: {e!s}"
            ) from e

        # Verify signature exists
        signature = data.pop("signature", None)
        if not signature:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Missing state signature")

        # Verify signature
        payload_str = json.dumps(data, sort_keys=True)
        expected_signature = hmac.new(
            self.secret_key.encode(),
            payload_str.encode(),
            hashlib.sha256,
        ).hexdigest()

        if not hmac.compare_digest(signature, expected_signature):
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=400, detail="Invalid state signature - possible tampering"
            )

        # Verify timestamp (prevent replay attacks)
        timestamp = data.get("timestamp", 0)
        current_time = time.time()
        age = current_time - timestamp

        if age < 0:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid state timestamp")

        if age > self.max_age_seconds:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=400,
                detail="State parameter expired. Please try again.",
            )

        return data


class TokenEncryption:
    """Encrypt/decrypt sensitive OAuth tokens for storage."""

    def __init__(self, secret_key: str):
        """
        Initialize token encryption.

        Args:
            secret_key: Secret key for encryption (should be SECRET_KEY from config)
        """
        if not secret_key:
            raise ValueError("secret_key is required for token encryption")
        # Derive Fernet key from secret using SHA256
        # Note: In production, consider using HKDF for key derivation
        key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(hashlib.sha256(secret_key.encode()).digest())
        try:
            self.cipher = Fernet(key)
        except Exception as e:
            raise ValueError(f"Failed to initialize encryption cipher: {e!s}") from e

    def encrypt_token(self, token: str) -> str:
        """
        Encrypt a token for storage.

        Args:
            token: Plaintext token to encrypt

        Returns:
            Encrypted token string
        """
        if not token:
            return token
        try:
            return self.cipher.encrypt(token.encode()).decode()
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Failed to encrypt token: {e!s}")
            raise ValueError(f"Token encryption failed: {e!s}") from e

    def decrypt_token(self, encrypted_token: str) -> str:
        """
        Decrypt a stored token.

        Args:
            encrypted_token: Encrypted token string

        Returns:
            Decrypted plaintext token
        """
        if not encrypted_token:
            return encrypted_token
        try:
            return self.cipher.decrypt(encrypted_token.encode()).decode()
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Failed to decrypt token: {e!s}")
            raise ValueError(f"Token decryption failed: {e!s}") from e

    def is_encrypted(self, token: str) -> bool:
        """
        Check if a token appears to be encrypted.

        Args:
            token: Token string to check

        Returns:
            True if token appears encrypted, False otherwise
        """
        if not token:
            return False
        # Encrypted tokens are base64-encoded and have specific format
        # This is a heuristic check - encrypted tokens are longer and base64-like
        try:
            # Try to decode as base64
            base64.urlsafe_b64decode(token.encode())
            # If it's base64 and reasonably long, likely encrypted
            return len(token) > 20
        except Exception:
            return False