diff --git a/examples/agent_creator.py b/examples/agent_creator.py
index 748dc02b1..e03a88c6b 100644
--- a/examples/agent_creator.py
+++ b/examples/agent_creator.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class CreateAgent(Action):
         code_text = CreateAgent.parse_code(rsp)
 
         return code_text
-    
+
     @staticmethod
     def parse_code(rsp):
         pattern = r'```python(.*)```'
@@ -85,7 +85,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
 
         creator = AgentCreator(agent_template=agent_template)
 
-        # msg = """Write an agent called SimpleTester that will take any code snippet (str) and return a testing code (str) for testing
+        # msg = """Write an agent called SimpleTester that will take any code snippet (str)
+        #     and return a testing code (str) for testing
         #     the given code snippet. Use pytest as the testing framework."""
 
         msg = """
@@ -94,6 +95,6 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         2. run the testing code.
         You can use pytest as the testing framework.
         """
-        result = await creator.run(msg)
+        await creator.run(msg)
 
     asyncio.run(main())
diff --git a/examples/build_customized_agent.py b/examples/build_customized_agent.py
index 746c8c9fa..dc15ff061 100644
--- a/examples/build_customized_agent.py
+++ b/examples/build_customized_agent.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class SimpleWriteCode(Action):
 
     def __init__(self, name="SimpleWriteCode", context=None, llm=None):
         super().__init__(name, context, llm)
-    
+
     async def run(self, instruction: str):
 
         prompt = self.PROMPT_TEMPLATE.format(instruction=instruction)
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class SimpleWriteCode(Action):
         code_text = SimpleWriteCode.parse_code(rsp)
 
         return code_text
-    
+
     @staticmethod
     def parse_code(rsp):
         pattern = r'```python(.*)```'
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class SimpleWriteCode(Action):
 class SimpleRunCode(Action):
     def __init__(self, name="SimpleRunCode", context=None, llm=None):
         super().__init__(name, context, llm)
-    
+
     async def run(self, code_text: str):
         result = subprocess.run(["python3", "-c", code_text], capture_output=True, text=True)
         code_result = result.stdout
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class RunnableCoder(Role):
             instruction = msg.content
             code_text = await SimpleWriteCode().run(instruction)
             msg = Message(content=code_text, role=self.profile, cause_by=todo)
-        
+
         elif isinstance(todo, SimpleRunCode):
             code_text = msg.content
             rsp = await SimpleRunCode().run(code_text)
@@ -137,4 +137,4 @@ async def main(msg="write a function that calculates the sum of a list"):
     logger.info(result)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    fire.Fire(main)
\ No newline at end of file
+    fire.Fire(main)
diff --git a/examples/debate.py b/examples/debate.py
index 3a9abf9bc..05db28070 100644
--- a/examples/debate.py
+++ b/examples/debate.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class ShoutOut(Action):
 
     def __init__(self, name="ShoutOut", context=None, llm=None):
         super().__init__(name, context, llm)
-    
+
     async def run(self, context: str, name: str, opponent_name: str):
 
         prompt = self.PROMPT_TEMPLATE.format(context=context, name=name, opponent_name=opponent_name)
@@ -51,17 +51,16 @@ class Trump(Role):
         self._watch([ShoutOut])
         self.name = "Trump"
         self.opponent_name = "Biden"
-    
+
     async def _observe(self) -> int:
         await super()._observe()
-        self._rc.news = [
-            msg for msg in self._rc.news if msg.send_to == self.name
-        ]  # accept messages sent (from opponent) to self, disregard own messages from the last round
+        # accept messages sent (from opponent) to self, disregard own messages from the last round
+        self._rc.news = [msg for msg in self._rc.news if msg.send_to == self.name]  
         return len(self._rc.news)
 
     async def _act(self) -> Message:
         logger.info(f"{self._setting}: ready to {self._rc.todo}")
-        
+
         msg_history = self._rc.memory.get_by_actions([ShoutOut])
         context = []
         for m in msg_history:
@@ -92,17 +91,17 @@ class Biden(Role):
         self._watch([BossRequirement, ShoutOut])
         self.name = "Biden"
         self.opponent_name = "Trump"
-    
+
     async def _observe(self) -> int:
         await super()._observe()
-        self._rc.news = [
-            msg for msg in self._rc.news if msg.cause_by == BossRequirement or msg.send_to == self.name
-        ]  # accept the very first human instruction (the debate topic) or messages sent (from opponent) to self, disregard own messages from the last round
+        # accept the very first human instruction (the debate topic) or messages sent (from opponent) to self,
+        # disregard own messages from the last round
+        self._rc.news = [msg for msg in self._rc.news if msg.cause_by == BossRequirement or msg.send_to == self.name]
         return len(self._rc.news)
 
     async def _act(self) -> Message:
         logger.info(f"{self._setting}: ready to {self._rc.todo}")
-        
+
         msg_history = self._rc.memory.get_by_actions([BossRequirement, ShoutOut])
         context = []
         for m in msg_history:
@@ -134,7 +133,8 @@ async def startup(idea: str, investment: float = 3.0, n_round: int = 5,
 
 def main(idea: str, investment: float = 3.0, n_round: int = 10):
     """
-    :param idea: Debate topic, such as "Topic: The U.S. should commit more in climate change fighting" or "Trump: Climate change is a hoax"
+    :param idea: Debate topic, such as "Topic: The U.S. should commit more in climate change fighting" 
+                 or "Trump: Climate change is a hoax"
     :param investment: contribute a certain dollar amount to watch the debate
     :param n_round: maximum rounds of the debate
     :return: