diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py b/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py
index ec56afc61..8fe2cc5b5 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class WriteCodeReview(Action):
                 format_example=format_example,
             )
             len1 = len(iterative_code) if iterative_code else 0
-            len2 = len(self.context.code_doc.content) if self.context.code_doc.content else 0
+            len2 = len(self.i_context.code_doc.content) if self.i_context.code_doc.content else 0
             logger.info(
                 f"Code review and rewrite {self.i_context.code_doc.filename}: {i + 1}/{k} | len(iterative_code)={len1}, "
                 f"len(self.i_context.code_doc.content)={len2}"
diff --git a/metagpt/config2.py b/metagpt/config2.py
index 92dd98bad..5a556cc52 100644
--- a/metagpt/config2.py
+++ b/metagpt/config2.py
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ class CLIParams(BaseModel):
         if self.project_path:
             self.inc = True
             self.project_name = self.project_name or Path(self.project_path).name
+        return self
 
 
 class Config(CLIParams, YamlModel):
diff --git a/metagpt/context.py b/metagpt/context.py
index 8e9749d66..3dfd52d58 100644
--- a/metagpt/context.py
+++ b/metagpt/context.py
@@ -95,7 +95,3 @@ class Context(BaseModel):
         if llm.cost_manager is None:
             llm.cost_manager = self.cost_manager
         return llm
-
-
-# Global context, not in Env
-CONTEXT = Context()
diff --git a/metagpt/context_mixin.py b/metagpt/context_mixin.py
index 1d239d2e4..bdf2d0734 100644
--- a/metagpt/context_mixin.py
+++ b/metagpt/context_mixin.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from typing import Optional
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
 
 from metagpt.config2 import Config
-from metagpt.context import CONTEXT, Context
+from metagpt.context import Context
 from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class ContextMixin(BaseModel):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        context: Optional[Context] = CONTEXT,
+        context: Optional[Context] = None,
         config: Optional[Config] = None,
         llm: Optional[BaseLLM] = None,
         **kwargs,
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class ContextMixin(BaseModel):
         """Role context: role context > context"""
         if self.private_context:
             return self.private_context
-        return CONTEXT
+        return Context()
 
     @context.setter
     def context(self, context: Context) -> None:
diff --git a/metagpt/learn/skill_loader.py b/metagpt/learn/skill_loader.py
index ddcd7ccba..bcf28bb87 100644
--- a/metagpt/learn/skill_loader.py
+++ b/metagpt/learn/skill_loader.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import aiofiles
 import yaml
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
-from metagpt.context import CONTEXT, Context
+from metagpt.context import Context
 
 
 class Example(BaseModel):
@@ -73,14 +73,15 @@ class SkillsDeclaration(BaseModel):
         skill_data = yaml.safe_load(data)
         return SkillsDeclaration(**skill_data)
 
-    def get_skill_list(self, entity_name: str = "Assistant", context: Context = CONTEXT) -> Dict:
+    def get_skill_list(self, entity_name: str = "Assistant", context: Context = None) -> Dict:
         """Return the skill name based on the skill description."""
         entity = self.entities.get(entity_name)
         if not entity:
             return {}
 
         # List of skills that the agent chooses to activate.
-        agent_skills = context.kwargs.agent_skills
+        ctx = context or Context()
+        agent_skills = ctx.kwargs.agent_skills
         if not agent_skills:
             return {}
 
diff --git a/metagpt/llm.py b/metagpt/llm.py
index 30ced25d2..a3fc5613a 100644
--- a/metagpt/llm.py
+++ b/metagpt/llm.py
@@ -8,12 +8,13 @@
 from typing import Optional
 
 from metagpt.configs.llm_config import LLMConfig
-from metagpt.context import CONTEXT
+from metagpt.context import Context
 from metagpt.provider.base_llm import BaseLLM
 
 
-def LLM(llm_config: Optional[LLMConfig] = None) -> BaseLLM:
+def LLM(llm_config: Optional[LLMConfig] = None, context: Context = None) -> BaseLLM:
     """get the default llm provider if name is None"""
+    ctx = context or Context()
     if llm_config is not None:
-        CONTEXT.llm_with_cost_manager_from_llm_config(llm_config)
-    return CONTEXT.llm()
+        ctx.llm_with_cost_manager_from_llm_config(llm_config)
+    return ctx.llm()
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/assistant.py b/metagpt/roles/assistant.py
index 2e9ec9bf7..2774bd9b6 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/assistant.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/assistant.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ from pydantic import Field
 
 from metagpt.actions.skill_action import ArgumentsParingAction, SkillAction
 from metagpt.actions.talk_action import TalkAction
-from metagpt.context import CONTEXT
 from metagpt.learn.skill_loader import SkillsDeclaration
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.memory.brain_memory import BrainMemory
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ class Assistant(Role):
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
-        language = kwargs.get("language") or self.context.kwargs.language or CONTEXT.kwargs.language
+        language = kwargs.get("language") or self.context.kwargs.language
         self.constraints = self.constraints.format(language=language)
 
     async def think(self) -> bool:
diff --git a/metagpt/startup.py b/metagpt/startup.py
index 771cde80c..000b3c5d4 100644
--- a/metagpt/startup.py
+++ b/metagpt/startup.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import typer
 
 from metagpt.config2 import config
 from metagpt.const import CONFIG_ROOT, METAGPT_ROOT
+from metagpt.context import Context
 
 app = typer.Typer(add_completion=False, pretty_exceptions_show_locals=False)
 
@@ -37,9 +38,10 @@ def generate_repo(
     from metagpt.team import Team
 
     config.update_via_cli(project_path, project_name, inc, reqa_file, max_auto_summarize_code)
+    ctx = Context(config=config)
 
     if not recover_path:
-        company = Team()
+        company = Team(context=ctx)
         company.hire(
             [
                 ProductManager(),
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ def generate_repo(
         if not stg_path.exists() or not str(stg_path).endswith("team"):
             raise FileNotFoundError(f"{recover_path} not exists or not endswith `team`")
 
-        company = Team.deserialize(stg_path=stg_path)
+        company = Team.deserialize(stg_path=stg_path, context=ctx)
         idea = company.idea
 
     company.invest(investment)
diff --git a/metagpt/team.py b/metagpt/team.py
index aec72970b..35f987b57 100644
--- a/metagpt/team.py
+++ b/metagpt/team.py
@@ -10,12 +10,13 @@
 
 import warnings
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Optional
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
 
 from metagpt.actions import UserRequirement
 from metagpt.const import MESSAGE_ROUTE_TO_ALL, SERDESER_PATH
+from metagpt.context import Context
 from metagpt.environment import Environment
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.roles import Role
@@ -36,12 +37,17 @@ class Team(BaseModel):
 
     model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
 
-    env: Environment = Field(default_factory=Environment)
+    env: Optional[Environment] = None
     investment: float = Field(default=10.0)
     idea: str = Field(default="")
 
-    def __init__(self, **data: Any):
+    def __init__(self, context: Context = None, **data: Any):
         super(Team, self).__init__(**data)
+        ctx = context or Context()
+        if not self.env:
+            self.env = Environment(context=ctx)
+        else:
+            self.env.context = ctx  # The `env` object is allocated by deserialization
         if "roles" in data:
             self.hire(data["roles"])
         if "env_desc" in data:
@@ -54,7 +60,7 @@ class Team(BaseModel):
         write_json_file(team_info_path, self.model_dump())
 
     @classmethod
-    def deserialize(cls, stg_path: Path) -> "Team":
+    def deserialize(cls, stg_path: Path, context: Context = None) -> "Team":
         """stg_path = ./storage/team"""
         # recover team_info
         team_info_path = stg_path.joinpath("team.json")
@@ -64,7 +70,8 @@ class Team(BaseModel):
             )
 
         team_info: dict = read_json_file(team_info_path)
-        team = Team(**team_info)
+        ctx = context or Context()
+        team = Team(**team_info, context=ctx)
         return team
 
     def hire(self, roles: list[Role]):
diff --git a/tests/data/audio/hello.mp3 b/tests/data/audio/hello.mp3
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b3aab0a4
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/data/audio/hello.mp3 differ
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/roles/test_engineer.py b/tests/metagpt/roles/test_engineer.py
index 383d28096..d263a8a2f 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/roles/test_engineer.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/roles/test_engineer.py
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ def test_parse_code():
 
 def test_todo():
     role = Engineer()
-    assert role.todo == any_to_name(WriteCode)
+    assert role.action_description == any_to_name(WriteCode)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_team.py b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_team.py
index d45c8cf21..dbd38422d 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_team.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/serialize_deserialize/test_team.py
@@ -144,3 +144,7 @@ async def test_team_recover_multi_roles_save(mocker, context):
     assert new_company.env.get_role(role_b.profile).rc.state == 1
 
     await new_company.run(n_round=4)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    pytest.main([__file__, "-s"])
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/test_context.py b/tests/metagpt/test_context.py
index d90d0b686..f8218c44d 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/test_context.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/test_context.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 @File    : test_context.py
 """
 from metagpt.configs.llm_config import LLMType
-from metagpt.context import CONTEXT, AttrDict, Context
+from metagpt.context import AttrDict, Context
 
 
 def test_attr_dict_1():
@@ -51,11 +51,12 @@ def test_context_1():
 
 
 def test_context_2():
-    llm = CONTEXT.config.get_openai_llm()
+    ctx = Context()
+    llm = ctx.config.get_openai_llm()
     assert llm is not None
     assert llm.api_type == LLMType.OPENAI
 
-    kwargs = CONTEXT.kwargs
+    kwargs = ctx.kwargs
     assert kwargs is not None
 
     kwargs.test_key = "test_value"
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/test_environment.py b/tests/metagpt/test_environment.py
index 10839a2a5..7559655d3 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/test_environment.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/test_environment.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import pytest
 
 from metagpt.actions import UserRequirement
-from metagpt.context import CONTEXT
 from metagpt.environment import Environment
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.roles import Architect, ProductManager, Role
@@ -44,9 +43,9 @@ def test_get_roles(env: Environment):
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_publish_and_process_message(env: Environment):
-    if CONTEXT.git_repo:
-        CONTEXT.git_repo.delete_repository()
-        CONTEXT.git_repo = None
+    if env.context.git_repo:
+        env.context.git_repo.delete_repository()
+        env.context.git_repo = None
 
     product_manager = ProductManager(name="Alice", profile="Product Manager", goal="做AI Native产品", constraints="资源有限")
     architect = Architect(
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/test_role.py b/tests/metagpt/test_role.py
index 1b843795c..7e707803b 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/test_role.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/test_role.py
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ async def test_recover():
     role.recovered = True
     role.latest_observed_msg = Message(content="recover_test")
     role.rc.state = 0
-    assert role.first_action == any_to_name(MockAction)
+    assert role.action_description == any_to_name(MockAction)
 
     rsp = await role.run()
     assert rsp.cause_by == any_to_str(MockAction)