diff --git a/examples/exp_pool/manager.py b/examples/exp_pool/manager.py
index 5aead08e9..c9ec46da5 100644
--- a/examples/exp_pool/manager.py
+++ b/examples/exp_pool/manager.py
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ async def main():
     # Define the simple request and response
     req = "Simple req"
     resp = "Simple resp"
-    exp_manager = get_exp_manager()
 
     # Add the new experience
     exp = Experience(req=req, resp=resp, entry_type=EntryType.MANUAL)
+    exp_manager = get_exp_manager()
     exp_manager.create_exp(exp)
     logger.info(f"New experience created for the request `{req}`.")
 
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/design_api.py b/metagpt/actions/design_api.py
index 6ae21ebd9..4476e7c0a 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/design_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/design_api.py
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ from metagpt.tools.tool_registry import register_tool
 from metagpt.utils.common import (
     aread,
     awrite,
+    rectify_pathname,
     save_json_to_markdown,
     to_markdown_code_block,
 )
@@ -262,10 +263,10 @@ class WriteDesign(Action):
                 )
 
             if not output_pathname:
-                output_pathname = Path(output_pathname) / "docs" / "sytem_design.json"
+                output_pathname = Path(output_pathname) / "docs" / "system_design.json"
             elif not Path(output_pathname).is_absolute():
                 output_pathname = self.config.workspace.path / output_pathname
-            output_pathname = Path(output_pathname)
+            output_pathname = rectify_pathname(path=output_pathname, default_filename="system_design.json")
             await awrite(filename=output_pathname, data=design.content)
             output_filename = output_pathname.parent / f"{output_pathname.stem}-class-diagram"
             await self._save_data_api_design(design_doc=design, output_filename=output_filename)
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/project_management.py b/metagpt/actions/project_management.py
index b9d3bc3ba..2d54ffe08 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/project_management.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/project_management.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from metagpt.tools.tool_registry import register_tool
 from metagpt.utils.common import (
     aread,
     awrite,
+    rectify_pathname,
     save_json_to_markdown,
     to_markdown_code_block,
 )
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ class WriteTasks(Action):
                 output_pathname = Path(output_pathname) / "docs" / "project_schedule.json"
             elif not Path(output_pathname).is_absolute():
                 output_pathname = self.config.workspace.path / output_pathname
-            output_pathname = Path(output_pathname)
+            output_pathname = rectify_pathname(path=output_pathname, default_filename="project_schedule.json")
             await awrite(filename=output_pathname, data=file_content)
             md_output_filename = output_pathname.with_suffix(".md")
             await save_json_to_markdown(content=file_content, output_filename=md_output_filename)
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py b/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py
index e10e7333a..4b2015145 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ from metagpt.utils.common import (
     CodeParser,
     aread,
     awrite,
+    rectify_pathname,
     save_json_to_markdown,
     to_markdown_code_block,
 )
@@ -314,7 +315,7 @@ class WritePRD(Action):
                 output_pathname = self.config.workspace.path / "docs" / "prd.json"
             elif not Path(output_pathname).is_absolute():
                 output_pathname = self.config.workspace.path / output_pathname
-            output_pathname = Path(output_pathname)
+            output_pathname = rectify_pathname(path=output_pathname, default_filename="prd.json")
             await awrite(filename=output_pathname, data=new_prd.content)
             competitive_analysis_filename = output_pathname.parent / f"{output_pathname.stem}-competitive-analysis"
             await self._save_competitive_analysis(prd_doc=new_prd, output_filename=Path(competitive_analysis_filename))
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/di/team_leader.py b/metagpt/roles/di/team_leader.py
index 4a39193a2..97100f295 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/di/team_leader.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/di/team_leader.py
@@ -47,12 +47,12 @@ class TeamLeader(RoleZero):
             #     continue
             team_info += f"{role.name}: {role.profile}, {role.goal}\n"
         return team_info
-    
+
     def _get_prefix(self) -> str:
         role_info = super()._get_prefix()
         team_info = self._get_team_info()
         return TL_INFO.format(role_info=role_info, team_info=team_info)
-    
+
     async def _think(self) -> bool:
         self.instruction = TL_INSTRUCTION.format(team_info=self._get_team_info())
         return await super()._think()
diff --git a/metagpt/utils/common.py b/metagpt/utils/common.py
index fa2f3cbbc..def127fc9 100644
--- a/metagpt/utils/common.py
+++ b/metagpt/utils/common.py
@@ -1118,3 +1118,25 @@ def log_time(method):
         return result
 
     return timeit_wrapper_async if iscoroutinefunction(method) else timeit_wrapper
+
+
+def rectify_pathname(path: Union[str, Path], default_filename: str) -> Path:
+    """
+    Rectifies the given path to ensure a valid output file path.
+
+    If the given `path` is a directory, it creates the directory (if it doesn't exist) and appends the `default_filename` to it. If the `path` is a file path, it creates the parent directory (if it doesn't exist) and returns the `path`.
+
+    Args:
+        path (Union[str, Path]): The input path, which can be a string or a `Path` object.
+        default_filename (str): The default filename to use if the `path` is a directory.
+
+    Returns:
+        Path: The rectified output path.
+    """
+    output_pathname = Path(path)
+    if output_pathname.is_dir():
+        output_pathname.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        output_pathname = output_pathname / default_filename
+    else:
+        output_pathname.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    return output_pathname