diff --git a/metagpt/actions/action.py b/metagpt/actions/action.py
index 8b28ffd8e..c941d44b6 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/action.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/action.py
@@ -64,11 +64,10 @@ class Action(BaseModel):
         """Set prefix for later usage"""
         self.prefix = prefix
         self.profile = profile
-        return self
 
     def __str__(self):
         return self.__class__.__name__
-
+    
     def __repr__(self):
         return self.__str__()
 
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/design_api.py b/metagpt/actions/design_api.py
index 504328582..a13c5873a 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/design_api.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/design_api.py
@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ from pydantic import Field
 
 from metagpt.actions import Action, ActionOutput
 from metagpt.actions.design_api_an import DESIGN_API_NODE
+from typing import List, Optional, Any
+
+from pydantic import Field
+
+from metagpt.actions import Action, ActionOutput
 from metagpt.llm import LLM
 from metagpt.provider.base_gpt_api import BaseGPTAPI
 from metagpt.config import CONFIG
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py b/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py
index 83225060a..636f3f12a 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_code_review.py
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
 @Modified By: mashenquan, 2023/11/27. Following the think-act principle, solidify the task parameters when creating the
         WriteCode object, rather than passing them in when calling the run function.
 """
+from typing import List, Optional, Any
+from pydantic import Field
+from tenacity import retry, stop_after_attempt, wait_fixed
 
 from typing import List, Optional, Any
 from pydantic import Field
diff --git a/metagpt/const.py b/metagpt/const.py
index 9cf9726fc..3b4f2ae4b 100644
--- a/metagpt/const.py
+++ b/metagpt/const.py
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ DATA_PATH = METAGPT_ROOT / "data"
 RESEARCH_PATH = DATA_PATH / "research"
 TUTORIAL_PATH = DATA_PATH / "tutorial_docx"
 INVOICE_OCR_TABLE_PATH = DATA_PATH / "invoice_table"
+
 UT_PATH = DATA_PATH / "ut"
 SWAGGER_PATH = UT_PATH / "files/api/"
 UT_PY_PATH = UT_PATH / "files/ut/"
diff --git a/metagpt/memory/longterm_memory.py b/metagpt/memory/longterm_memory.py
index e8a5be395..d36188f0c 100644
--- a/metagpt/memory/longterm_memory.py
+++ b/metagpt/memory/longterm_memory.py
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
 from typing import Optional
 from pydantic import Field
 
+from typing import Optional
+from pydantic import Field
+
 from metagpt.logs import logger
 from metagpt.memory import Memory
 from metagpt.memory.memory_storage import MemoryStorage
diff --git a/metagpt/memory/memory.py b/metagpt/memory/memory.py
index adef0d283..b647198e3 100644
--- a/metagpt/memory/memory.py
+++ b/metagpt/memory/memory.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 """
 import copy
 from collections import defaultdict
+
 from typing import Iterable, Type, Union, Optional, Set
 from pathlib import Path
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/architect.py b/metagpt/roles/architect.py
index 377531c8d..266ffc256 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/architect.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/architect.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ class Architect(Role):
         goal (str): Primary goal or responsibility of the architect.
         constraints (str): Constraints or guidelines for the architect.
     """
+
     name: str = "Bob"
     profile: str = Field(default="Architect", alias='profile')
     goal: str = "design a concise, usable, complete software system"
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/engineer.py b/metagpt/roles/engineer.py
index 59ca18a17..ad3d0f66a 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/engineer.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/engineer.py
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ from metagpt.utils.common import any_to_str, any_to_str_set
 IS_PASS_PROMPT = """
 {context}
 
-<<<<<<< HEAD
 ----
 Does the above log indicate anything that needs to be done?
 If there are any tasks to be completed, please answer 'NO' along with the to-do list in JSON format;
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/project_manager.py b/metagpt/roles/project_manager.py
index b7ee1ed53..d885f2ee6 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/project_manager.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/project_manager.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ class ProjectManager(Role):
     name: str = Field(default="Eve")
     profile: str = Field(default="Project Manager")
     
+
     goal: str = "reak down tasks according to PRD/technical design, generate a task list, and analyze task " \
                 "dependencies to start with the prerequisite modules"
     constraints: str = "use same language as user requirement"
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/role.py b/metagpt/roles/role.py
index e63404939..bed5a38e7 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/role.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/role.py
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class RoleContext(BaseModel):
     news: list[Type[Message]] = Field(default=[], exclude=True)  # TODO not used
     react_mode: RoleReactMode = RoleReactMode.REACT # see `Role._set_react_mode` for definitions of the following two attributes
     max_react_loop: int = 1
-
+    
     class Config:
         arbitrary_types_allowed = True
 
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ class _RoleInjector(type):
 role_subclass_registry = {}
 
 
-class Role(BaseModel):
+class Role(BaseModel, metaclass=_RoleInjector):
     """Role/Agent"""
     name: str = ""
     profile: str = ""
@@ -248,6 +248,62 @@ class Role(BaseModel):
         super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
         role_subclass_registry[cls.__name__] = cls
 
+    # builtin variables
+    recovered: bool = False  # to tag if a recovered role
+    builtin_class_name: str = ""
+
+    _private_attributes = {
+        "_llm": LLM() if not is_human else HumanProvider(),
+        "_role_id": _role_id,
+        "_states": [],
+        "_actions": [],
+        "_rc": RoleContext()
+    }
+
+    class Config:
+        arbitrary_types_allowed = True
+        exclude = ["_llm"]
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs: Any):
+        for index in range(len(kwargs.get("_actions", []))):
+            current_action = kwargs["_actions"][index]
+            if isinstance(current_action, dict):
+                item_class_name = current_action.get("builtin_class_name", None)
+                for name, subclass in action_subclass_registry.items():
+                    registery_class_name = subclass.__fields__["builtin_class_name"].default
+                    if item_class_name == registery_class_name:
+                        current_action = subclass(**current_action)
+                        break
+                kwargs["_actions"][index] = current_action
+
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+        # 关于私有变量的初始化  https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/issues/655
+        self._private_attributes["_llm"] = LLM() if not self.is_human else HumanProvider()
+        self._private_attributes["_role_id"] = str(self._setting)
+
+        for key in self._private_attributes.keys():
+            if key in kwargs:
+                object.__setattr__(self, key, kwargs[key])
+                if key == "_rc":
+                    _rc = RoleContext(**kwargs["_rc"])
+                    object.__setattr__(self, "_rc", _rc)
+            else:
+                if key == "_rc":
+                    # # Warning, if use self._private_attributes["_rc"],
+                    # # self._rc will be a shared object between roles, so init one or reset it inside `_reset`
+                    object.__setattr__(self, key, RoleContext())
+                else:
+                    object.__setattr__(self, key, self._private_attributes[key])
+
+        # deserialize child classes dynamically for inherited `role`
+        object.__setattr__(self, "builtin_class_name", self.__class__.__name__)
+        self.__fields__["builtin_class_name"].default = self.__class__.__name__
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
+        role_subclass_registry[cls.__name__] = cls
+    
     def _reset(self):
         object.__setattr__(self, "_states", [])
         object.__setattr__(self, "_actions", [])
@@ -442,7 +498,7 @@ class Role(BaseModel):
             if next_state == -1:
                 logger.info(f"End actions with {next_state=}")
         self._set_state(next_state)
-
+    
     async def _act(self) -> Message:
         logger.info(f"{self._setting}: ready to {self._rc.todo}")
         response = await self._rc.todo.run(self._rc.important_memory)
@@ -574,7 +630,7 @@ class Role(BaseModel):
             # If there is no new information, suspend and wait
             logger.debug(f"{self._setting}: no news. waiting.")
             return
-
+        
         rsp = await self.react()
 
         # Reset the next action to be taken.
diff --git a/metagpt/schema.py b/metagpt/schema.py
index 15dfb579c..962850547 100644
--- a/metagpt/schema.py
+++ b/metagpt/schema.py
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ from metagpt.const import (
     TASK_FILE_REPO,
 )
 from metagpt.logs import logger
+from metagpt.utils.serialize import actionoutout_schema_to_mapping, actionoutput_mapping_to_str, \
+    actionoutput_str_to_mapping
+from metagpt.utils.utils import import_class
 
 from metagpt.utils.common import any_to_str, any_to_str_set
 # from metagpt.utils.serialize import actionoutout_schema_to_mapping
@@ -55,6 +58,7 @@ class RawMessage(TypedDict):
     role: str
 
 
+
 class Document(BaseModel):
     """
     Represents a document.
diff --git a/metagpt/team.py b/metagpt/team.py
index 87a6766f6..bd02508c4 100644
--- a/metagpt/team.py
+++ b/metagpt/team.py
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ class Team(BaseModel):
             n_round -= 1
             logger.debug(f"max {n_round=} left.")
             self._check_balance()
+
             await self.env.run()
         if CONFIG.git_repo:
             CONFIG.git_repo.archive()
diff --git a/metagpt/utils/utils.py b/metagpt/utils/utils.py
index 33ca16944..35df654d7 100644
--- a/metagpt/utils/utils.py
+++ b/metagpt/utils/utils.py
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ import json
 from pathlib import Path
 import importlib
 from tenacity import _utils
+import traceback
+
+from metagpt.logs import logger
 
 
 def general_after_log(logger: "loguru.Logger", sec_format: str = "%0.3f") -> typing.Callable[["RetryCallState"], None]:
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/test_environment.py b/tests/metagpt/test_environment.py
index 8aacdd77b..ee322368e 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/test_environment.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/test_environment.py
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ async def test_publish_and_process_message(env: Environment):
                           constraints="资源有限，需要节省成本")
 
     env.add_roles([product_manager, architect])
+
     env.set_manager(Manager())
     env.publish_message(Message(role="User", content="需要一个基于LLM做总结的搜索引擎", cause_by=UserRequirement))
 
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/test_schema.py b/tests/metagpt/test_schema.py
index 5eea789ea..ca8b9043f 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/test_schema.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/test_schema.py
@@ -8,16 +8,22 @@
             the utilization of the new feature of `Message` class.
 """
 
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 import json
 
 import pytest
 
 from metagpt.actions import Action
+=======
+>>>>>>> a69be36abf7beef1a989a707d1aa027948c07fee
 from metagpt.schema import AIMessage, Message, SystemMessage, UserMessage
 from metagpt.actions.action_output import ActionOutput
 from metagpt.actions.write_code import WriteCode
 from metagpt.utils.serialize import serialize_general_message, deserialize_general_message
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 from metagpt.utils.common import get_class_name
+=======
+>>>>>>> a69be36abf7beef1a989a707d1aa027948c07fee
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -110,7 +116,3 @@ def test_message_serdeser():
     new_message = deserialize_general_message(message_dict)
     assert new_message.instruct_content is None
     assert new_message.cause_by == ""
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    pytest.main([__file__, "-s"])