diff --git a/examples/invoice_ocr.py b/examples/invoice_ocr.py
index a6e565772..d9a2e8a6d 100644
--- a/examples/invoice_ocr.py
+++ b/examples/invoice_ocr.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 import asyncio
 from pathlib import Path
 
-from metagpt.roles.invoice_ocr_assistant import InvoiceOCRAssistant
+from metagpt.roles.invoice_ocr_assistant import InvoiceOCRAssistant, InvoicePath
 from metagpt.schema import Message
 
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ async def main():
 
     for path in absolute_file_paths:
         role = InvoiceOCRAssistant()
-        await role.run(Message(content="Invoicing date", instruct_content={"file_path": path}))
+        await role.run(Message(content="Invoicing date", instruct_content=InvoicePath(file_path=path)))
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/invoice_ocr_assistant.py b/metagpt/roles/invoice_ocr_assistant.py
index 1e28bc078..56d729fa9 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/invoice_ocr_assistant.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/invoice_ocr_assistant.py
@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@
 @File    : invoice_ocr_assistant.py
 """
 
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Optional
 
 import pandas as pd
+from pydantic import BaseModel
 
 from metagpt.actions.invoice_ocr import GenerateTable, InvoiceOCR, ReplyQuestion
 from metagpt.prompts.invoice_ocr import INVOICE_OCR_SUCCESS
@@ -17,6 +19,22 @@ from metagpt.roles.role import Role, RoleReactMode
 from metagpt.schema import Message
 
 
+class InvoicePath(BaseModel):
+    file_path: Path = ""
+
+
+class OCRResults(BaseModel):
+    ocr_results: list[dict] = []
+
+
+class InvoiceData(BaseModel):
+    invoice_data: list[dict] = []
+
+
+class ReplyData(BaseModel):
+    content: str = ""
+
+
 class InvoiceOCRAssistant(Role):
     """Invoice OCR assistant, support OCR text recognition of invoice PDF, png, jpg, and zip files,
     generate a table for the payee, city, total amount, and invoicing date of the invoice,
@@ -54,7 +72,8 @@ class InvoiceOCRAssistant(Role):
         todo = self._rc.todo
         if isinstance(todo, InvoiceOCR):
             self.origin_query = msg.content
-            file_path = msg.instruct_content.get("file_path")
+            invoice_path: InvoicePath = msg.instruct_content
+            file_path = invoice_path.file_path
             self.filename = file_path.name
             if not file_path:
                 raise Exception("Invoice file not uploaded")
@@ -69,17 +88,20 @@ class InvoiceOCRAssistant(Role):
 
             self._rc.todo = None
             content = INVOICE_OCR_SUCCESS
+            resp = OCRResults(ocr_results=resp)
         elif isinstance(todo, GenerateTable):
-            ocr_results = msg.instruct_content
-            resp = await todo.run(ocr_results, self.filename)
+            ocr_results: OCRResults = msg.instruct_content
+            resp = await todo.run(ocr_results.ocr_results, self.filename)
 
             # Convert list to Markdown format string
             df = pd.DataFrame(resp)
             markdown_table = df.to_markdown(index=False)
             content = f"{markdown_table}\n\n\n"
+            resp = InvoiceData(invoice_data=resp)
         else:
             resp = await todo.run(self.origin_query, self.orc_data)
             content = resp
+            resp = ReplyData(content=resp)
 
         msg = Message(content=content, instruct_content=resp)
         self._rc.memory.add(msg)
diff --git a/metagpt/roles/role.py b/metagpt/roles/role.py
index 528e7d72d..8b048a523 100644
--- a/metagpt/roles/role.py
+++ b/metagpt/roles/role.py
@@ -489,6 +489,7 @@ class Role(BaseModel):
     async def _act_by_order(self) -> Message:
         """switch action each time by order defined in _init_actions, i.e. _act (Action1) -> _act (Action2) -> ..."""
         start_idx = self._rc.state if self._rc.state >= 0 else 0  # action to run from recovered state
+        rsp = Message(content="No actions taken yet")  # return default message if _actions=[]
         for i in range(start_idx, len(self._states)):
             self._set_state(i)
             rsp = await self._act()
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/roles/test_invoice_ocr_assistant.py b/tests/metagpt/roles/test_invoice_ocr_assistant.py
index c9aad93a7..e5a570f53 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/roles/test_invoice_ocr_assistant.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/roles/test_invoice_ocr_assistant.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import pandas as pd
 import pytest
 
-from metagpt.roles.invoice_ocr_assistant import InvoiceOCRAssistant
+from metagpt.roles.invoice_ocr_assistant import InvoiceOCRAssistant, InvoicePath
 from metagpt.schema import Message
 
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ async def test_invoice_ocr_assistant(
 ):
     invoice_path = Path.cwd() / invoice_path
     role = InvoiceOCRAssistant()
-    await role.run(Message(content=query, instruct_content={"file_path": invoice_path}))
+    await role.run(Message(content=query, instruct_content=InvoicePath(file_path=invoice_path)))
     invoice_table_path = Path.cwd() / invoice_table_path
     df = pd.read_excel(invoice_table_path)
     dict_result = df.to_dict(orient="records")