diff --git a/metagpt/actions/action_node.py b/metagpt/actions/action_node.py
index 0368d2df1..865cb2d32 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/action_node.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/action_node.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 @File    : action_node.py
 """
 import json
-from typing import Dict, Generic, List, Optional, Type, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, Dict, Generic, List, Optional, Tuple, Type, TypeVar
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, create_model, root_validator, validator
 from tenacity import retry, stop_after_attempt, wait_random_exponential
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class ActionNode(Generic[T]):
         return self.get_self_mapping()
 
     @classmethod
-    def create_model_class(cls, class_name: str, mapping: Dict[str, Type]):
+    def create_model_class(cls, class_name: str, mapping: Dict[str, Tuple[Type, Any]]):
         """基于pydantic v1的模型动态生成，用来检验结果类型正确性"""
         new_class = create_model(class_name, **mapping)
 
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/action_output.py b/metagpt/actions/action_output.py
index 25326d43b..6be8dac50 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/action_output.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/action_output.py
@@ -6,9 +6,7 @@
 @File    : action_output
 """
 
-from typing import Dict, Type
-
-from pydantic import BaseModel, create_model, root_validator, validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel
 
 
 class ActionOutput:
@@ -18,25 +16,3 @@ class ActionOutput:
     def __init__(self, content: str, instruct_content: BaseModel):
         self.content = content
         self.instruct_content = instruct_content
-
-    @classmethod
-    def create_model_class(cls, class_name: str, mapping: Dict[str, Type]):
-        new_class = create_model(class_name, **mapping)
-
-        @validator("*", allow_reuse=True)
-        def check_name(v, field):
-            if field.name not in mapping.keys():
-                raise ValueError(f"Unrecognized block: {field.name}")
-            return v
-
-        @root_validator(pre=True, allow_reuse=True)
-        def check_missing_fields(values):
-            required_fields = set(mapping.keys())
-            missing_fields = required_fields - set(values.keys())
-            if missing_fields:
-                raise ValueError(f"Missing fields: {missing_fields}")
-            return values
-
-        new_class.__validator_check_name = classmethod(check_name)
-        new_class.__root_validator_check_missing_fields = classmethod(check_missing_fields)
-        return new_class
diff --git a/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py b/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py
index ae1e0379c..411051199 100644
--- a/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py
+++ b/metagpt/actions/write_prd.py
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class WritePRD(Action):
     content: Optional[str] = None
     llm: BaseGPTAPI = Field(default_factory=LLM)
 
-    async def run(self, with_messages, format=CONFIG.prompt_format, *args, **kwargs) -> ActionOutput | Message:
+    async def run(self, with_messages, schema=CONFIG.prompt_schema, *args, **kwargs) -> ActionOutput | Message:
         # Determine which requirement documents need to be rewritten: Use LLM to assess whether new requirements are
         # related to the PRD. If they are related, rewrite the PRD.
         docs_file_repo = CONFIG.git_repo.new_file_repository(relative_path=DOCS_FILE_REPO)
diff --git a/metagpt/utils/serialize.py b/metagpt/utils/serialize.py
index 9a758da34..d4db5985b 100644
--- a/metagpt/utils/serialize.py
+++ b/metagpt/utils/serialize.py
@@ -5,7 +5,12 @@
 import copy
 import pickle
 
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 from metagpt.utils.common import import_class
+=======
+from metagpt.actions.action_node import ActionNode
+from metagpt.schema import Message
+>>>>>>> 09e2f05 (refactor action_output and action_node)
 
 
 def actionoutout_schema_to_mapping(schema: dict) -> dict:
@@ -104,13 +109,11 @@ def deserialize_general_message(message_dict: dict) -> "Message":
     return message
 
 
-def deserialize_message(message_ser: str) -> "Message":
+def deserialize_message(message_ser: str) -> Message:
     message = pickle.loads(message_ser)
     if message.instruct_content:
         ic = message.instruct_content
-
-        actionoutput_class = import_class("ActionOutput", "metagpt.actions.action_output")
-        ic_obj = actionoutput_class.create_model_class(class_name=ic["class"], mapping=ic["mapping"])
+        ic_obj = ActionNode.create_model_class(class_name=ic["class"], mapping=ic["mapping"])
         ic_new = ic_obj(**ic["value"])
         message.instruct_content = ic_new
 
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/actions/test_action_output.py b/tests/metagpt/actions/test_action_output.py
index ef8e239bd..f1765cb03 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/actions/test_action_output.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/actions/test_action_output.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 """
 from typing import List, Tuple
 
-from metagpt.actions import ActionOutput
+from metagpt.actions.action_node import ActionNode
 
 t_dict = {
     "Required Python third-party packages": '"""\nflask==1.1.2\npygame==2.0.1\n"""\n',
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ WRITE_TASKS_OUTPUT_MAPPING = {
 
 
 def test_create_model_class():
-    test_class = ActionOutput.create_model_class("test_class", WRITE_TASKS_OUTPUT_MAPPING)
+    test_class = ActionNode.create_model_class("test_class", WRITE_TASKS_OUTPUT_MAPPING)
     assert test_class.__name__ == "test_class"
 
 
 def test_create_model_class_with_mapping():
-    t = ActionOutput.create_model_class("test_class_1", WRITE_TASKS_OUTPUT_MAPPING)
+    t = ActionNode.create_model_class("test_class_1", WRITE_TASKS_OUTPUT_MAPPING)
     t1 = t(**t_dict)
     value = t1.dict()["Task list"]
     assert value == ["game.py", "app.py", "static/css/styles.css", "static/js/script.js", "templates/index.html"]
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/memory/test_memory_storage.py b/tests/metagpt/memory/test_memory_storage.py
index c67ca689f..7b74eb512 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/memory/test_memory_storage.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/memory/test_memory_storage.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 from typing import List
 
 from metagpt.actions import UserRequirement, WritePRD
-from metagpt.actions.action_output import ActionOutput
+from metagpt.actions.action_node import ActionNode
 from metagpt.memory.memory_storage import MemoryStorage
 from metagpt.schema import Message
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def test_idea_message():
 def test_actionout_message():
     out_mapping = {"field1": (str, ...), "field2": (List[str], ...)}
     out_data = {"field1": "field1 value", "field2": ["field2 value1", "field2 value2"]}
-    ic_obj = ActionOutput.create_model_class("prd", out_mapping)
+    ic_obj = ActionNode.create_model_class("prd", out_mapping)
 
     role_id = "UTUser2(Architect)"
     content = "The user has requested the creation of a command-line interface (CLI) snake game"
diff --git a/tests/metagpt/utils/test_serialize.py b/tests/metagpt/utils/test_serialize.py
index ffa34866c..f027d53f8 100644
--- a/tests/metagpt/utils/test_serialize.py
+++ b/tests/metagpt/utils/test_serialize.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 from typing import List, Tuple
 
 from metagpt.actions import WritePRD
-from metagpt.actions.action_output import ActionOutput
+from metagpt.actions.action_node import ActionNode
 from metagpt.schema import Message
 from metagpt.utils.serialize import (
     actionoutout_schema_to_mapping,
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def test_actionoutout_schema_to_mapping():
 def test_serialize_and_deserialize_message():
     out_mapping = {"field1": (str, ...), "field2": (List[str], ...)}
     out_data = {"field1": "field1 value", "field2": ["field2 value1", "field2 value2"]}
-    ic_obj = ActionOutput.create_model_class("prd", out_mapping)
+    ic_obj = ActionNode.create_model_class("prd", out_mapping)
 
     message = Message(
         content="prd demand", instruct_content=ic_obj(**out_data), role="user", cause_by=WritePRD